The Missionary Review of the World — June 1939

1939

What Is New in Home Missions?

Mark A. Dawber Experiences Among Ozark Mountaineers Paul A. Wobus The South's Number One Problem Archie C. Smith Berea's Work for Mountaineers William J. Hutchins New Frontiers in Home Missions Edward D. Kohlstedt American Indians' Work for Indians G. E. E. Lindquist A Christian Philosophy for Rural Work Frank W. Price 2S Cents a Copy $2.50 a YeaI'

to Remember elected one of the secretaries of the THE

Board of Foreign Missions of the June 7-13 – Ann u a I Conference, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., to take <- The only weekly in the Church of the Brethren, Anderson, the place of Dr. Webster E. Browning Presbyterian Church. Ind. who has been honorably retired. Dr. Anderson is a Canadian by birth, a <- Its message is based upon June 8 – General Synod of the Re- graduate of McGill University, Mon- the Revealed Word of God. formed Church in America, New treal, and of Princeton Theological York, N. Y. Seminary. He went to Cameroon, <- Goes into every state in West Africa, in 1926. On June 1, he the Union, U. S. possessions June 9-16-Annual Meeting, Foreign will take up his official duties as Sec- and many foreign countries. Missions Conference. Swarthmore, retary but first expects to visit the Pa. South American fields this summer Subscription rate – $2.50 and autumn since he is to have re- Ministerial rate – – $2.00 June 16-24–Winona Summer School sponsibility for the Latin America of Missions, Winona Lake, Ind. and Africa portfolios. SOc. extra–Canadian postage Courses include Bible, Mission Text- $1.50 extra– Foreign postage books and addresses by missionaries. *** Write to Mrs. C. E. Ahrensfeld, 431 THE PRESBYTERIHn S. East Ave., Oak Park, Ill. Dr. Everett B. King, pastor of the Hemphill Church, Fort Worth, Texas, 121 7 Market Street June 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- has been elected Secretary of the Philadelphia, Pa. vention, Los Angeles, Calif. Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. He theologian and professor for 20 years, june 21-2S-Sunday School and B. Y. has been assigned to responsibility for has been appointed to the FaCUlty of P. U. Congress of the National Bap- Sunday school missions and Alaska, the Graduate School of Applied Reli- tist Convention, U. S. A., (Inc.), to take the place of Dr. John M. gion in Cincinnati, Ohio. Dr. Spiegel Tulsa, Okla. Somerndike, recently deceased. Dr. shared for a time the fate of Martin King is a native of Texas and was Niemoller in a concentration camp, June 24-July I-Eagles Mere Confer- educated at the University of Texas, and was recently "shipped" to Switzer- ence of Missions. Chairman, Mrs. Trinity University, and the Presby- land. Earl Breeding, 24 Rugby Lane, terian Theological Seminary at Chi- Scarsdale, N. Y. cago. Dean Alfredo* G*onz*alez, of Central July 3-10-Northfield Missionary Con- *** Philippine College, has written a book ference for Women and Girls. East e~t!tled "The 9a11 of the Heights," Northfield, Mass. For information, Dr. Albert ,schweitzer founded his VIrIle and umrustakably religious in address Mrs. Warren C. Taylor, 38 hospital in Africa twenty-five years its appeal. The book has just been Union Ave., Schenectady, N. Y. ago. On the 25th anniversary the selected by the Philippine Government children of the Mission presented him Department 01; Education, as the text july 6-11 – International Christian with a beautiful piece of furniture, for character instruction in the public Endeavor Convention, Cleveland, made by themselves. One of them schools of the Islands. Ohio. made a presentation speech to "our dear, grand docteur." Dr. Schweitzer *** July 11-August 16 – Winona Lake refused an electric organ because of School of Theology. Winona Lake, the difficulty of keeping the compli- Rev. Myron Terry, of the Christian Ind. Dean, Dr. J. A. Huffman, 302 cated machinery in order in that cli- Litera;ture Society in ~hanghai, is Morton Blvd., Marion, Ind. mate. Instead, he was given the price spendmg some. mont~s m Kunming, of an X-ray for the hospital. Yunnan, supermtendmg the erection July 22-28-Baptist World Congress. of a small building and getting a new Atlanta, Ga. *** branch of the Christian Literature So- ciety started. July 24-August 2-World Conference Dr. Walter Spiegel, member of the of Christian Youth, Amsterdam, ConfC'ssional Church in Germany, a Rev. George*W*. Sh*epherd, of Au- Holland. J}pmn~ burndale, Mass., went to China 18 Aug. SolO-Ninth Quadrennial Con- y~ars ago as a Congregational mis- vention of the Woman's Home and of tbe SIOnary. Ten years later, the National Foreign Missionary Society of Af- Council of China detailed him to as- rican Methodist Episcopal Zion ctbri~tian sist Generalissimo and Madame Church, Detroit, Mich. Chiang in their "New Life Move- lLift ment," fight~ng supersti~ion and politi- August 13-20-Geneva Summer School cal corruptIOn, promoting education of Missions, Lake Geneva, Wis. cA BOOK of worship in song, com- and public health. Along came the For information write to Mrs. Paul bining a hymnal for general war and the Movement's energies H. Wezeman, 1177 S. Humphrey church use, and a song book for evan- ~ere diyerted to :relief. Mr. Shepherd Ave., Oak Park, Ill. gelistic purposes. onty songs sound IS now m the Uruted States, ostensibly in the faith and inspirationaf in char- on furlough, but using his time to Personal Item. acter induded—emphasizing Evangel- raise funds for the "Church Commit- ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life. tee for China Relief." Dr. Francis S. Hutchins, of the Many of the new—the best of the old. Yale-in-China Mission School at (Co'Mluded. em page 273.) Changsha, has been elected President 504 Songs Responsive Readings of Berea College, Kentucky, to succeed his father, Dr. William J. Topical Index Gold Embossed Hutchins, who is resigning after nineteen years of service. Published in round notes and Roxite cloth edition only at $65.00 per 100—an especiall~ Dr. Francis Hutchins is 38 years of low price. Single copy, 8Se postpaid. age. He was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., educated at Oberlin and Yale and Write today for returnable sample co,", went out fourteen years ago to work in the Yale Mission. His brother, Dr. CHRISTIAN PUBLICATIONS, Inc. Robert M. Hutchins, is President of the University of Chicago. 1502 NORTH THIRD STREET HARRISBURG. PA. *** The Rev. Llewellyn K. Anderson, Ph.D., recently a Presbyterian missionary in West Africa, has been

MISSIONARY I have taken the magazine for years WHEN THE CALL LEADS

and would feel quite lost without it." REVIEW OF THE WORLD II EAST 0F SUE Z" Long BeaMchIS-,SCSaAlRifA. L. HAMILTON. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor The Jain Temple, Calcutta * .. … VOL. LXII JUNE, 1939 NO.6 I'OR OVBR 100 YBARS "We always enjoy greatly reading THB WAY HAS BBBN Publication and Busines" Olllce- Third and Reily St•. , Harri£burg, Pa. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW. I wish Editorial and Executive UlIlce– every minister could take it." 156 Firth Avenue, New York City. Entered as second-ciass matter at REV. FREDERICK G. COAN. Claremont, Calif. Post Olllce, Harrisburg. Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. * .. * 25 cellts a copy-$2.50 a year. "Your magazine fills a place which Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. no other missionary magazine quite All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1939. British agents – Marshall, Morgan fills." F. A. GOETSCH, and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London. E. C 1 shilling per copy, Executive Secretary of the 10 sh!Jlings a year. Board of Foreign Missions, Evangelical Synod of N. A. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. … * …

BOARD OF DIRECTORS A CORRECTION ROBERT Eo SPEER, President Rev. E. E. Elder, the author of the A. L. WARNSHUIS, Vice-Pre.•idcnt article in our December (1938) num- WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer ber: "What is the Koran?" is a mem- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ber of the United Presbyterian PAUL J. BRAISTED Mission in Cairo, Egypt, from Meshed, SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Persia. The Rev. John Elder. of Ham- D. J. FANT adan, Iran, is a missionary of the MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH Obituary Notes SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Dr. Dan B. Brummitt, editor of the PaO Editorial Chat Central and Northwestern editions of The Christian Advocate, died April 5 Let the comfort of mOclern liners and the secur- This is our Home Mission Number. in Kansas City, almost on the eve of ity of British seamanship enhance your voy· The field is so large and varied and the uniting conference. Dr. Brummitt age. Whenever you are called to the other we have so recently devoted special was an outstanding religious editor side of the world, choose this traditional reute. numbers to the City (June, 1938), of our time, and ardently upheld Cross to England by a modern transatlantic Rural Problems, The Negro, Orientals Christian democracy in journalism. liner and then embark in a great liner of the and Spanish – Speaking Americans, Few knew that the weekly column of p & 0 and British India fleets, led by the new that some of these important topics wit and wisdom, filled with the spirit 23,500-ton Strathallan. StrathmoHl, and Strathare not treated here. Other articles of Christ, and signed "Justus Timber- eden carrying First and Tourist Classes. Airthat have appeared in recent issues line," was written by the editor. conditioned dining saloons in First Class, hot deal with and cold running water throughout, built-in Rev. John A*. Si*lsb*y, retired Pres- out-door swimming pools. children's play- A Cathedral on Wheels (April, rooms! Regular service to Egypt. Sudan. Iran- 1938) byterian missionary to East China, ian Gulf. India. Burma. Ceylonl& Straits Settle- ments, China. Japan, Australia. East and Migrant Workers (April, 1938) died in Hayward, California, March 4. South Africa. Mauritius. Special reductions The Whole Community (July, 1938) In 1890 he became principal of Lowrie and generous baggage allowance for American Indians (February, 1939) missionaries. Missions in Alaska (April, 1939) Institute for Boys, the oldest school Problems of a Midwest City (Sep- in Shanghai and one of the oldest in tember, 1938) China. * .. * Other articles on Home Missions Mr. Frank A. Horne, Vice-President will appear later. of the Board of Foreign Missions of *** the Methodist Church for twenty-two If you are leaving your present mailing address for the summer, years and chairman of the Methodist Convenient throuqh bookinqs can kindly send word as soon as possible be arranqed by your travel aqent. with the address to which you wish Book Committee, died March 22 at the to have your C!}py of THE REVIEW age of seventy. He had been a mem- Or apply at 25 Broadway. 638 Fit~h forwarded. Please mention dates of Ave.• N. Y. . . . or any ottice of your absence from home and mail to ber of six consecutive General Con- Subscription Department, MISSl()NARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, 3rd & Reily ferences since 1916 and a member of , Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. There will be the Board of Foreign Missions since no August number of THE REVIEW 1906. CUNARD WHllf. ~lAR printed. Person.I Item. ,. ents for 'T A. Among the c*om*men*ts on THE RE- General 9 (Concluded from 2d cover.) VIEW received recently from readers ANO OR,eN are the following: In the war zone, missionaries and New Life workers give first aid to fleN'NSU.AR. S:teAt" "I used THE REVIEW a great deal victims of Japanese guns and bru- . t 'NO'A with my recent review of 'The Amer- tality. Then refugees get clothing, ",G ANO BRl'T'S COMflAN,eS ican City and Its Church,' and found food and transportation away from it exceedingly helpful to make the danger zones. Refugees must find NA A'T,ON mission study book more interesting. new farms, jobs, homes. Even in "free China" there is the perenl'lial problem of famine.-NeW8week.

[273]

B. D. WEEKS AND MRS . ROBERTA CAMPBELL, WITH INDIAN STUDENTS OF BACONE COLLEGE (Baptist

INDIAN PILLARS OF ST. PETER'S CHURCH ( Congregational), REV. AND MRS. W. DAVID OWJ~, SENE CA, N. Y. MR. OWL ELTON, LOUISIANA IS THE' INDIAN PASTOR ON THE RESERVATION REV. AND MRS. SILAS, OJIBWAY REV. ROBT, PAUL CHAAT THREE I NDIAN RECTORS IN TRIBE (Reformed Church) SOUTH DAKOTA SOME AMERICAN INDIAN CHRISTIAN LEADERS (see page 299) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 6 JUNE, 1939 Topics of the Times RELIGION IN THE WORLD TOMORROW Gospel messages are not excluded. A very defi- nite Christian note in the "WorId of Tomorrow"

The New York World's Fair, which opened on is sounded in a small concession paid for by the Sunday, April 30, is an impressive spectacle. It "Gideons," where they can exhibit Bibles and lit- covers 1,216 acres, or nearly two square miles, erature relating their work of Bible distribution on the Flushing Meadows – ~ormer marsh land in hotels and elsewhere. Other attempts to secure commonly called "Corona Dumps." The reclaim- space for the presentation of Christian activities ing of the land, planting thousands of trees, con- and achievements have failed to produce results. structing roads, lagoons. and fountains, and erect- The message and work of Jesus Christ, as the reving buildings, has cost nearly $160,000,000. The elation of God and His Way of Life for the "World exhibits include many interests related to art and of Tomorrow," are not exhibited there, even as education, transportation, housing, manufactures they have not been at other national expositions.

and inventions, various national, state and foreign The Fair is devoted to the humanistic ideals, to buildings, as well as areas devoted to amusements, the strictly material and temporal hopes. and sports and restaurants. achievements, rather than to things that relate to The Fair is being visited daily by from 100,000 God, to spiritual ideals and Eternal Life. to 300,000 persons who are expected to spend This is, perhaps, not surprising. Men today do from two to twenty-five dollars each (from May not agree in their conception of God and His Way to November), making a total of perhaps of Life. Any attempt to present Christ, and all $500,000,000 to be spent during the season. The for which He stands, unfortunately often provokes Fair thus provides much that is of interest and oontroversy. But there are naturally many who value. Most people can find there what they are would present what they believe to be the vital most interested to see – beautiful flowers and truths and most dynamic forces in the world of tofoliage, human nature of all sorts and conditions, day and for the World of Tomorrow. The Temple the wonders of modern science and industry, the of Religion has been severely criticized as a weak beauties of music and art, amusements for every attempt to recognize an "unknown God" to whom, taste-high and low. in some way, men may have some responsibility.

It is in the realm of religion that the Fair is Dr. George W. Arms, a pastor in Brooklyn, New lacking. If the "World of Tomorrow" can offer York, calls the Temple of Religion "the devil's nothing more than is here provided there is no smokescreen to hide from the people the Cross outlook for more than a very vague worship of of Jesus Christ and the true issues at stake in the some "unknown God" and a faint hope for the pro- foundation of democracy, and to blind them with motion of peace, brotherly kindness and social serv- a false sense of security."

ice. The Jews have a Hebrew Temple and a Pal- No doubt this is an extreme view, but is it not estine exhibit; Christian Science is represented true that in this presentation of the "World of by a building with a reading room and literature; Tomorrow" there is no recognition of the God who the Y. M. C. A. building includes a restroom and has created the wonderful world in which we live, restaurant; there is a "Temple of Religion," has loved the world of mankind enough to give where music and pageants are presented. The Himself that men might have life, and to whom atmosphere is restful and dignified. Distinctly the world of yesterday and today owes everything [275 ]

worth knowing, doing or possessing? After all union was effected in Great Britain, two hundred the American nation was established by men who years after John Wesley began his work that rebelieved in God and who desired a home where sulted in Methodism. There are still several they could worship Him and could live in the way Methodist churches outside the union-the Free that Jesus Christ made possible. The Bible, as Methodist, Wesleyan Methodist, the African the Word of God, the Sabbath as the Lord's Day M. E., the African M. E. Zion, and the Colored and Christ as the Son of God and Saviour, cannot Methodist Episcopal, numbering in all about safely be ignored in the "World of Tomorrow." 1,600,000 more American Methodists.

What can be done to make up in some degree This large body of Christians, now organically for what is lacking in Christian emphasis in the united into one Methodist Church, can accomplish World's Fair? At the Columbian Exposition in great things for the Kingdom of God, under wise, Chicago in 1893, the most potent Christian in- consecrated leadership, if they are truly motifluence was the series of great evangelistic meet- vated, instructed and empowered by the ideals and ings conducted by Dwight L. Moody, where there spirit of Christ. As Dr. John R. Mott, a promwere addresses day and night by outstanding inent Methodist, said at Kansas City: "We have Christian teachers from many lands. In these united to accomplish together things that we canmeetings it is estimated a million people heard not do separately. We must not be satisfied with the Gospel and thousands of them were won to past achievements or with the present situation. Christ. In New York City and its suburbs there An increase in our aggressive missionary work is is a similar opportunity. There is no limit to the one of the tasks which we must now undertake personal work that may be done among visitors to with new vigor." the Fair. Gospels and other literature may be given out to the crowds in hotels, in subways and The new Methodist Church has been divided terat the entrances to the grounds. Parents can ritorially into seven sections or "Jurisdictions"- interpret the exhibits to children from a Christian the Northern, North Central, Western, South point of view. The Calvary Bapti.st Church of Central, Central, South Eastern and Foreign- New York and other churches are kept open all with thirty-six bishops, located at different cenday and some are holding special services where ters. There are also seven missionary Bishops the Gospel of Jesus Christ will be presented. In appointed by the Central Conference. all this there is the ministry of prayer in which all Christians can engage day and night. Christ- The Uniting Conference took a strong stand like lives and friendly service by those who con- against intoxicants and war and adopted the exfess His name will mean much more to visitors cellent "Social Creed" of the Methodist Church, to the Fair than any material exhibits could pos- South. The educational work will be conducted sibly mean. A truly Christian exhibit, presenting under a single board with two divisions, one carthe results of Christian teaching and work in ing for institutions and the other directing reli- America and in all other lands would be a con- gious education in local churches. The confervincing evidence that, if the world is to advance ence was unable to settle the question of a church today and tomorrow, men must .accept God as He periodical-whether it is to be one great national is revealed in Jesus Christ and must follow His paper or several jurisdictional papers with one Way of sacrificial love and eternal life, if they purpose and plan and under one general editor. are to live joyously and victoriously. A commission was appointed to study the question and report. AMERICAN METHODISTS AND THEIR MISSIONS The missionary work of these three uniting churches, which have formerly been conducted The union of the three Methodist Churches in under a number of boards-Home and Foreign, the United States – the Methodist Episcopal General and Women's-will henceforth be under Church, the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, one General Board that will have charge of misand the Methodist Protestant Church, as finally sionary policy and program; the details of adcompleted at Kansas City, brings together into ministration, the choice of fields, the selection of one organic body the largest number of Protes- personnel and the administration of funds, will tants in anyone Church. The total membership be in charge of three administrative divisionsof this united church is approximately 8,000,000, Foreign Missions, Home Missions and Church distributed all over the United States and all over Extension, and Woman's Work-each with its the world, from Alaska in the North to Chile in own executive secretaries. The General Board the South, and from East to West around the will consist of twenty-four men and twenty-four globe. It will be called "The Methodist Church." women, with the bishops.

:r.hi~ ~nion takes place in America, as .a si.roiJar The missionary work of the new Methodist Church will be world-wide, with 1,400 foreign missionaries, 13,500 on their native staff, com- .m~J).i~a,nt§l Jl1 eleven forei~n ~oU.I).tri~t'I ,lUmbering

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

over 270,000 and total annual budgets of ing possible journeys in a day that formerly took a $3,000,000. The Methodist Episcopal Church has month; the telephone, telegraph and radio have had the largest work, conducted in forty-two mis- practically obliterated distance and have united sion areas; the Methodist, South, has worked in the country; the pr'omotion of literacy by the nine of the same areas and Methodist Protestants phonetic method and the increase of general modin three of these fields. Many of the Methodist ern education have set new standards of life and missIon churches are already united where they thought; newspapers and other literature have have work in the same areas. linked China to the outside world and have helped to break down barriers; many foolish and harm-' The first General Conference of the Methodist ful taxes have been abolished and public revenues Church is set for April, 1940. Ecumenical or have been used to meet public need rather than to world-wide Methodism is explained by Bishop fill private purses; before the Japanese invasion Frederick D. Leete as follows: the external credit of China increased with grow- ing export and import trade; mines and other nat- "The purposes of the ecumenical Methodist ural resources have been developed where for- Church are three. One is to catholicize and frater- merly important areas were reserved for burial nalize Methodists everywhere by correspondence, grounds of ancestors; the sta;bilizing of the curvisitation, and world meetings, bringing far-flung rency with a new coinage system and banking reorganizations of the same faith nearer to the fact forms have improved the financial structure of as well as to the concept and ideal of unity. An- the country; the New Life Movement, fostered by other is to encourage and report on the Methodist Generalissimo and Madame Chiang Kai-shek, has mission and its achievements, extending its mu- spread new ideas for public and private life; the tual evangelistic and reformatory movements new leaders in the government have proved themwhich minister to all human needs. The third is selves patriotic,courageous, intelligent, highto assist and advance the total Christian program minded, strong and unselfish-and many of them attempted by all Christian bodies in the name and are Christians. spirit of Christ. All this was being accomplished and was on the "The world alliance of Methodist churches has way for more complete fulfilment when the Japtwo branches. The Western branch represents anese military party (in 1937) undertook to "come the Methodist denominations of the Americas and to the rescue of Chinese," to make their neighbor of the Orient. The Eastern represents Methodist "more friendly," to "put down communism" and bodies of the British Empire in various parts of extend Japanese civilization and control! the world and of the countries of continental Europe." The Japanese have done what a century had not accomplished in unifying China. The unmistak- CHINA'S VICTORIES OF PEACE able evidences of Christianity, as seen in the lives of the Christian missionaries, have abolished the The progress made in great slow-moving, con- anti-Christian spirit in China. servative China since the founding of the Republic in 1911, is unparalleled in history. This is espe- The judgment of many intelligent observers is cially remarkable when we consider the immense that China today, in the midst of her tribulations, extent of the territory (ten times the size of Japan offers the greatest opportunity for Christian adproper); the huge population (over ten times vance anywhere in the world, while Japan is probthat of the British Isles); the former lack of ably one of the most difficult fields for sowing and political, linguistic and cultural unity in its eight- reaping spiritual harvests. The reasons are not een provinces; the scarcity of newspapers, rail- hard to discover. The Chinese realize more and roads and other means of communication; the more the uncertainty of this life and the passing prevalence of graft among officials and the pov- values of material possessions. In their distress erty of the masses. All this and more was true and extremity they turn to God, as their only hope. thirty years ago. He is manifested to them in the lives and sacrifi- cial service of missionaries and Chinese followers Since the Boxer Rebellion, and especially in the of Christ. God is proving to be a very present past fifteen years, new China has become united help in trouble and Jesus Christ is a true friend under one central government; graft has been dis- and Saviour. The Chinese leaders also set an explaced by patriotism; warlords and bandits have ample of Christian faith and courage that appeals given place to intelligent and trained officials and to the people. Idols and false gods are recognized an organized national army; economic reconstruc- as powerless. The one hope for humanity is in tion has made great strides; railroads and good the one True God, as revealed in Christ; the God highways have been built across the country link- of love, of righteousness and of power. ing all important cities; motor bus service has taken the place of "the wheelbarrow and mule-lit- The Japanese on the other hand are turning ter i public airplane lines have been extendedl mak-

more to temporal power, and put their faith and is the convincing evidence of the Living Christ as hope in material things, in armaments and armies, the Saviour of men. in stern discipline and a human program. Their national leaders turn back to the Sun Goddess, to Spirit-filled missionaries in every land agree in national heroes, to Shinto Shrines and emperor their testimony that, while methods of missionary worship. National ambition, laws and standards work may vary in different lands and under diftake precedence over the eternal laws of God and fering conditions, the one essential is a true pres- .His standards of truth, righteousness and love as entation of Christ by consecrated witness. revealed in Jesus Christ. VELLORE MEDICAL COLLEGE, INDIA WITNESSING TO PILGRIMS IN INDIA Dr. William Decker, a Baptist missionary, formerly in China, who has recently sej:!n the VeI- In India, says Dr. E. Stanley Jones, a time of lore Medical School in action, reports: a greater Christian harvest seems to be coming. "I saw Dr. Ida Scudder's hospital, the indus- Old superstitions and prejudices are gradually trial work, as well as a new departure in agricul- breaking down, and thinking Indians are more tural missions which is a most promising venture.

and more seeking truth and liberty, such as can Perhaps .outstanding, however, was two or three be found only in Christ. On the other hand, na- hours with a roadside medical unit doing dispen- tional ambition, economic needs, and intellectual sary work, and making injections for leprosy- contacts with other nations, lead many to empha- from an ambulance drawn up at the roadside." size political power, materialism, and skepticism. The Christians in India are awake to the situa- Dr. Scudder and her staff have treated as many tion and are emphasizing evangelism, not only as a thousand lepers in one day in these roadside among depressed classes, but among pilgrims, clinics. VeIlore combines a medical college, a students and caste Hindus. nurses training school, and X-ray and radium de- partment, an out-patient clinic, four roadside clin- A special retreat and conference, held at Be- ics and Gudiyattam Hospital; a maternity hospinares, in April, brought together Christian work- tal, a children's hospital, and an operating theater. ers from different centers to consider work among The hospital has 250 beds. All these are operated Hindu pilgrims, Sadhus and Sanyasies. The on annual gifts of about $48,000, .of which Amerievangelists came from Puri, where the temple of ca contributes $25,000. Does any institution in Janannath draws thousands of pilgrims to wor- the United States operate as many departmentsship; from Calcutta, Patna, Behar, Ayodhya medical, surgery, pathology, bacteriology, anat- (birthplace of Sita and Ram) and from !tarsi, omy, biology, eye, ear, nose and throat, maternity, Muttra, Brindaban and Benares. These repre- ante-natal clinic and gynecology-treating in one sentatives met for prayer and conference and to year 3,398 in-patients, 44,484 out-patients, 20,060 report on methods and results in their work. An roadside patients. and 1,321 in the maternity ward organization was formed to promote work among -at such a small expense? the pilgrims. Jesus Christ, where faithfully presented by teaching and life, appeals strongly to The decree has now gone forth that, by 1942 Hindus, even if they are not ready to break away at the latest, the school must be raised to a college from their old religions. The following points standard of M. B. B. S. which is equivalent to an were emphasized in the discussions: American M.D. That will require an endowment of $700,000 to support ten more doctors, and pro- 1. Hinduism should be studied so as to develop vide for medical research, public health work and understanding and to equip the messenger to medicine; also $300,000 is needed for extra buildpreach the Gospel. ings and equipment. Here is a great oPP.ortunity 2. The truth and sufficiency of Christ and His to strengthen this great interden.ominati.onal hos- teaching should be stressed and exemplified more pital, medical college and nurses training school than the weakness and deficiencies of Hinduism. in South India.

A "full and positive Gospel of the Living Christ" *** is the need of the hour. Dr. Scudder expects to be in America next year, after 3. Only simple, sincere and practical conse- completing her forty years of service in India. The pro- crated Christianity of the apostolic type is effec- gram of Jesus Christ given in the doctor's Gospel (Luke tive to meet the vital needs of Hindus. 4: 22) is being carried out today at Vellore. Dr. Scudder asks Christians to pray that this great work into which 4. Collective witness and cooperative Christian she and other American, British and Indian women have work is necessary to offset the influences of the put their lives, may be continued.

united forces of Hinduism.

5. The guidance and power of the Spirit of God Miss Hilda Olson, of Rockport, Massachusetts, is the American Treasurer of the Veilore Medical College.

Is New in Home Missions?

By the REV. MARK. A. DAWBER, New York Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council How many, many times I have been asked strong centers of support for the Christian cause. this question during the past years, and Others have passed through the settling down now I am requested to write an article on process and, due to the disintegrating forces of the subject! The answer in a word is that there land erosion, land speculation and exploitation, is nothing that is basically new in Home Missions. the people again need missionary aid. To make the Gospel available to the disadvantaged people or to those who, for various reasons, have Many descendants of the early settlers, who not been reached with the ministry of the Church, became farm tenants in the agricultural depresis still the primary task of the Home Missions sion immediately following the World War, are now being displaced by the all-purpose tractor enterprise. and large-scale agriculture. An outstanding illus- But in another sense, everything is new. The tration is that of a Mississippi Delta planter who question raised is symbolic of the age in which formerly had 160 tenant farmers. He purchased we live; it anticipates change, it suggests that the 22 tractors and now he needs to employ only 30 thinking person is conscious that something is families to work by the day. happening to human life in America, and that new demands are being made upon institutions, such Family Life and Migrant Workers as Home Missions, that· are engaged in the task of ministering to people who, because of chang- Thousands of American families must now ing situations, are unable to support a church, or travel to find employment. The family continues who are no longer accessible to the religious min- to sleep as a unit, to consume as a unit, but it no istry of the normal established church in more longer is able to produce wealth as a unit from settled communities. its own property. Because the family has lost this basis of productive property the American Old Americans and Old Frontiers family, as a fundamental natural productive unit, is well-nigh destroyed. Food, clothing and shelter, Home Missions was the child of the frontier. the basic essentials for living and the sources from That thrilling episode of American history that whence they come, are now gathered up into huge records the daring and heroism of the early interlocking hands of incorporated commercial pioneers, who crossed the Rockies and blazed the owners and distributors. With this centralization trail into what was then the American wilderness, and industrialization of food, clothing and shelter, was also the record of the first organized Home the last vestiges of American freedom and security Mission work. This frontier is no longer with us are wiped out. For many of these people there in the sense in which it obtained a hundred years is no available land upon which to build and own ago. There are still geographical frontiers, but better homes; there is no land for the production they are not the challenge to the population move- and consumption at home-the only efficient and ments such as obtained in the days of the early conserving land economy. This is something new Home Mission era. in our American life and brings with it new prob- But the frontier ideal has always dominated the lems for Home Missions. Home Mission enterprise. People seeking new This situation raises some interesting and peropportunities to secure their democratic heritage as American citizens, ever pressing on to what plexing questions. What is happening to this would provide a better opportunity to earn a live- land of opportunity, democracy, freedom and se- curity? What is happening to the millions of lihood, build a home and bring up a family-these acres of homestead land? What is happening to ever made their appeal to the Home Mission this. land where it was once possible for the poor- agencies. est to build homes for their children? Weare A century has passed and many old frontier being reduced to slavish workers in the homes communities have become established centers of and fields that once we owned. This process of culture and religion. They no longer need the dispossession is having a serious effect upon thouministrations of Home Missions but have become sands of American citizens.

[279 ]

Others have accepted a wage in place of owner- of certain types of industry from the North to the ship, a tenant shack for a home, a city street for South, in order to take advantage of cheap labor, a few acres of land; some have substituted the has had an adverse effect on many towns.

faint promise of a quick fortune for a permanent Communities that for years have sustained a home and a family on a few acres that would, self-supporting church with a full-time ministry under careful management, have provided secu- are now obliged to seek aid from their denomina- rity. This transition from the farm family to the tional mission board. The demands now made urban tenement industrialist is creating new upon these agencies are far beyond their ability problems for the church that place a heavy re- or finances; they can help only a small number sponsibility upon Home Mission agencies. of the churches in these areas of recent distress.

There is nothing new to America in a migrant The fact that many members of these churches population. Always we have had them. But our are receiving aid from federal and state relief distinctive migrant groups today present some agencies does not help very much. The conscious- new and difficult problems. ness that they are the recipients of relief has Twenty-five years ago the migrants. were drawn sapped the morale of many of these people, and in the main from a few of the racial groups, par- as a result their religious need is greater than ticularly the Mexicans, Italians and Filipinos. ever. This also is new in Home Missions.

Now the majority of these groups are thedescend- The Southern Highlands ants of the older American families. They are to be found in various sections of the country, but There i~ great danger that the emphasis upon the bulk of this migrant group is on the Pacific the plight of the sharecroppers and the low- Coast. wage industrial workers will overshadow the A ten-year depression, together with droughts equally great needs of other groups, such as the and dust-bowl conditions, has created a new millions who live in the Southern Highlands. The exodus of impoverished farm people who have conditions of the sharecropper, the industrial continued to press their way to the Pacific Coast. worker and the migrant, have been publicized, They have swamped California and are making but not so the Southern Highlanders. Fiction and that state aware of their existence in a way that romance have been written about these people the Mexican and Oriental farm laborers could (and there is much to be written), but the socio- never do. The state is struggling desperately logical story has not been told. The romantic with the problem, seeking to prevent any further story of the Anglo-Saxon rugged mountaineer inroads of these people from Arkansas and Okla- with his quaint language and colonial customs has homa. But this alone doesl not solve the problem. obscured the poverty of the coves, the mountain It is easy for people who are remote from the farms, and the thin soil of the plateaus.

scene of this human tragedy to indulge in moral Drastic changes are taking place among these criticism, but it is not easy for a state, already people. As recently as fifty years ago the High- burdened with relief, to accept a sudden inrush lander with his log cabin, his rifle and his spin- of 100,000 needy people. Driven off the cotton ning wheel was on a par as to standard of living lands by the tractor, driven off the wheat lands with the other pioneers of the prairie cabin, the by the drought and the combine, drawn by the log hut, or sod house. The wooded hillsides fur- strange tide which pulls. the white race westward, nished timber and game. Now the timber is gone the impoverished people have been pouring into and the game with it; also, it should be said, the the West, dogged by disease and hunger, too proud meagre income is gone that was once provided.

to accept charity, willing to work for any wages. The mountaineers have multiplied so that they The result is a condition that calls for action by have been compelled to cultivate the steep moun- the Nation, State and the Church. The Church, tain sides in a desperate effort to make a living.

through the Council of Women for Home Mis- The following summary of conditions will help sions, with very limited finances, is struggling to us to understand the modern needs of these people.

grapple with a herculean task. The size and the (The teachers of some 13,232 children in moun- character of this migrant group present many tain schools supplied the information.) Children new problems for Home Missions. needing clothing, 38%; shoes 32'10; milk 27'10 ; New Distressed Areas soap 42 %; hot lunches 45 %; school supplies 26 %; library books 80 '10. Any consideration of With the coming of new materials, new tech- the changing needs and demands in Home Mis- niques, mass production and the machine, there sions must take cognizance of the Southern High- has developed a new type of distress. Towns and lands. Dr. Odum of the University of North Car- villages, and some cities, have been seriously af- olina has well said that these "retarded frontiers"

fected by the recent innovations of science and will have to pass through several stages of devel- labor-saving devices, Furthermore, the movement opment, not only in improved economic conditions,

WHAT IS NEW IN HOME MISSIONS?

but development as it applies to the human ele- vantaged groups in America during the days of ment. Moreover, we are dealing with a very the "New Deal" administration have also created different type of mountain youth today than we new problems for the home mission agencies. were twenty-five years ago. They too are creating new demands upon State and school and Church. The resettlement projects, like Arthurdale and Cumberland Homesteads, present an opportunity The depression years have also brought great for religious work. Here some 250 families are changes among the people of other countries, reestablished on what amounts to subsistence groups who have anticipated coming to America, levels of living. The people will have little cash and among the immigrants who have come to this with which to support a church, so that the miscountry in recent years. Immediately following sion boards are under pressure to provide a minthe World War a different attitude developed to- istry. This is also true of many of the rehousing ward these foreign countries. No longer was projects in the cities where slum clearance has America to remain the "open door" to the peoples taken place. It is well-nigh impossible to reach of the world. Before the World War, European these people with the established churches in nearimmigration to the United States reached a high by territory. The approach must be made on an peak and as many as 1,285,000 immigrant aliens interdenominational basis, so that agencies like were received in a single year. The revised im- the Home Missions Council have an important migration law of 1921 limited the number of aliens function to perform in arranging the program and coming to this country in a single year to 3'70 of providing a Christian ministry to such commua given nationality already in the country. This nities. reduced the number to 358,000 in a year. In 1924 the immigration act was again revised to limit By its very nature the Church finds these changes more difficult than most other instituthe quotas to 2 '70 of the resident population of tions. It is identified with values that are time- less, and these values are often conceived of as not any nationality, based upon the earlier census of being affected by these matter-of-fact changes in 1890 as against 1920. our human and material universe. Rooted in the past and sanctified by age, the Chur·ch finds It is hardly necessary to say that this restric- change necessarily a painful process. Yet those tion has wide implications for Home Missions. who really love Christ and the Church, and are Add to it the further fact that, in many cases, alive to the facts that confront us in modern life, more of some nationalities were leaving America will gladly sacrifice the outmoded in order that the for their native land than were coming in under Kingdom of God may be advanced. A living the new restrictions, and it is readily seen that the Church is one that will make the adjustment in Home Missions program to these groups would its program and equipment in order to fit it for undergo drastic changes. These adjustments are the ministry to which it is called at a given time. now in process-consolidation of foreign language The home mission agencies are alive to these churches, the assimilation of the second and third changes that are taking place. They are far generation by the English-speaking church, ex- ahead of their general ecclesiastical bodies in their periments with interdenominational work among insight into these problems and in their willingthese groups-these and other movements mark ness to make the necessary adjustments. They the changes that must be made by the mission are hindered only by the lack of morat and finanboards in their ministry to New Americans. cial support.

The various programs of rehabilitation, resettlement and rehousing of depressed and disad- AS PROF. EINSTEIN NOW SEES THE OHUROH "Being a lover of freedom, when the revolution came in Germany, I looked to the univer- sities to defend it, knowing that they had always boasted of their devotion to the cause of truth; but no, the universities were immediately silenced. Then I looked to the great editors of the newspapers whose flaming editorials in days gone by had proclaimed their love of freedom; but they, like the universities, were silenced in a few short weeks. Then I looked to the individual writers, who, as literary guides of Germany had written much and often con- cerning the place of freedom in modern life; but they, too, were mute.

"Only the Church stood squarely across the path of Hitler's campaign for suppressing the truth. I never had any special interest in the Church before, but now I feel a great affection and admiration because the Church alone has had the courage and persistence to stand for intellectual truth and moral freedom. I am forced to confess that what I once despised I now praise unreservedly." ALBERT EINSTEIN; quoted in The Living Church.

Among Ozark

By PAUL A. WOBUS, Manchester, Missouri Director of Mountain Work in the Ozarks "you ought to go to Vichy if you're looking "You ought to go to Short Bend," said a man for a spiritually-neglected place," said a on the road. "No church there at all; virgin ter- friend when he heard that I had been dele- ritory. No opposition-no prejudices."

gated to find an opening in the Ozarks for work I went to all four points-and many others. I to be sponsored by what was then the Evangelical had been asked to select any area where no other Synod. "It seems to be quite a center, judging church was effectively serving. "Of course,"

from the number of people who gather there for added the genial chairman of the committee, "you the Saturday night when the fiddlers sway to need not go all the way down to the Arkansas line.

More than likely you'll find a field nearer to your home on the outskirts of St. Louis."

My observations revealed several typical Ozark church situations.

Vichy is truly a center. It boasts a population of 210, which, in the sparsely settled rural sec- tions of the Ozarks, is not small. I happened to come to this town on a Friday, and found there a large gathering of some kind. Inquiry brought out that the banker was a member of the official board of the church which was still intact. He said that he was interested in having an active church. The town needed it and he would give his support.

"May we use the building for services tomor- row night and Sunday morning?" I asked.

"Why-er-that is, the time is so short. The house needs cleaning up, there is no oil in the lamps, and a window pane is out. And [this was the real hitch] we'd have to see the district super- intendent about it. What denomination did you say you are connected with?"

We were face to face with one of those tragic DIFFICULTIES OF CHURCH GOING IN SHANN'ON COUNTY cases, where a dead organization is an obstacle in the way of any live effort. Cobwebs and dust yield their tunes for the old-time square dances. Dur- readily to an energetic arm ; window panes can ing my two weeks' vacation there I found that the be replaced; but ecclesiastical machinery, always village church has been closed for some time." cumbersome, may block the path to progress. In rural areas this is felt even more than in cities. "You, ought to go to Lesterville," said an Ozarkian. "Yes, I know they have a church there, *** but it does not serve the community. It is practically dead." Lesterville's sole church organization was functioning after a fashion. Of the strict immer- "You ought to go to Antioch," s,aid a druggist sionist type, it had about fifty members, six or in an Ozark county seat. "It's the very place for eight of whom were said to be active. The pasthe work you have in mind. Two churches at tor, a man of more than average ability, came once Antioch, both defunct; one at Gill and a fourth a month from another church 121 miles south, at Stone Hill, in the same state. Unite these four over roads which a decade and a half ago were into one strong church at a logical center. An- none too good. _ tioch is ready for you~the people are tired of It was not difficult to get a good attendance for divisive sectarianism." the monthly services we conducted at Lesterville.

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EXPERIENCES AMONG OZARK MOUNTAINEERS

Of much help was a devout Presbyterian, whose and which then is open to anyone and everyone family belonged to the local church, he himself who cares to use it. We had early come to know could not feel at home in its atmosphere of exclu- of several such churches, but they were standing siveness. He dreamed with us of a community idle most of the time for want of an organization church where people of all creeds could worship or a responsible group to make sure of a definite, our common Master, Christ. The postmistress, continuous program of worship, service and study. also a member of the church, rendered friendly Short Bend still does not have a church, but all help. THE' SHANNONDALE COMMUNITY HOUSE Not many months elapsed before the seemingly defunct organization took on a new lease on life. manner of sects have put forth spasmodic efforts Giving them credit for being sincere in their efforts, and consistent with our ideals of a united there. *** Christendom, we slackened our own pace lest we divide the community. When we ceased to be Eminence, a county seat town, is an example aggressive the ardor of the local church rapidly of yet another type of sectarian sniping. At one cooled. time there had been four church organizations- two of them of the immersionist persuasion. After some years of this sort of procedure, the These four used the union church building in a immersionists had thawed out to such a degree peaceful way-one Sunday every month for each. that we withdrew altogether. The local church In time one of the immersionistchurches, and made some gains, increased its active member- one of the other kind, died. The other two were ship, and improved the property, which originally of about equal strength. Voices were raised in had been intended as a community building. We favor of a community church, but we were undid not feel inclined to open a dispute over its pos- able to enter this field. session, but a number of people,among them some of the very best citizens, did not, and perhaps Then there came to the non-immersionist group never will, affiliate with a church of this type. a young minister with a determination to climb. Their dream of a community church is unrealized He won the ecclesiastical approval he courted by because they want to be generous with those of whipping up the enthusiasm of his congregation their friends and neighbors whose church life to the point of erecting their own church building. makes them narrow-minded. There are many His frie.nds predicted that with such "success" to Lestervilles in the Ozarks! his "credit" he would rise high among the clergy of the land. They prophesied that he would be *** called to the pulpit of a large city church. He did not get such a call before he had widened the Rather against our own judgment, but in re- breach in this little Ozark town which now has sponse to a very definite call, we entered the An- two church buildings where one would suffice. tioch-Stone Hill neighborhood. The four churches of that locality belonged to two sects. The natives *** asked us to merge the two of one kind which still had some life in them. The other two seemed The Ozarkian is by nature deeply religious.. He beyond the possibility of revival, even to the is the descendant of a people who not only were preacher who had hastily organized them, yet the well-grounded on the Bible but who reserved for old organization had some adherents whose te- themselves the right to interpret it. Jealously nacity was worthy of a noble cause. guarding their liberty, they freely grant it to others. A relatively small percentage are mem- *** bers of a church and these are scattered among many sects. Our difficulty lies not, with those At Short Bend, where we held a number of services as we were forming contacts throughout this section of the Ozarks, there was no debris of any existing organization to clear away. An obstacle was the cityward exodus on the part of those whose enthusiasm welded the community together. There was also a misconception of the community church.

We had held two services in the schoolhouse at Short Bend and then somebody spoke of building a church. The entire group seemed to fall in line and, being very new in the Ozark work at that time, we hailed this suggestion with delight. Many Ozarkians speak of a union church, meaning one which the entire community helps to build

outside the Church, but with those church mem- agencies trained and equipped for guiding the bers who fail to act like Christians. physical, cultural, social, economic and religious development of the region. We must also remember that overchurching is really underchurching and leads to spiritual de- *** pression. It is easy to effect a new organization and to erect another church building-lumber be- After several years of orientation and reconing cheap. There is a smug satisfaction in cling- noitering we began to concentrate at Stone Hill, ing tenaciously to a creed and in thinking that all Bixby, and in northern Shannon County, Misthat religion means is to defend it with great zeal. souri.

This sectarian zeal has wrought untold havoc in At Stone Hill we did succeed in merging two the Ozarks. As soon as one responsible group decadent churches. Some years later, in response undertakes an adequate ministry, an astonishingly to desire of the people, a community church was large number of self-appointed preachers comes organized. The wounds caused by old-time diforth to complicate the work. "There is a visive sectarianism have by no means been healed; preacher behind .every stump," in the picturesque the preachers of other sects do not always refrain language of an Ozarkian. If somebody would hold from interference with the good work that is be- ing done; but we go on, preaching and teaching AT A COMMUNITY GATHERING IN THE OZARKS the unifying power of Christian love. One handi- cap is. that the denomination which relinquished the preachers in check, we would feel competent the field to us fifteen years ago still owns the to deal with the laity! church building and makes an effort now and then to come back. The Sunday school has gone on Villages and small towns are the worst suffer- uninterruptedly for 61 years. ers from over-churching in the Ozarks. Hamlets and the open country have fewer churches for *** their population. At Bixby we entered a field in which no reli- What is it, then, that we set out to accomplish gious work had ever been done until our native in our ministry to the Ozarks? Briefly this, to Ozarkian evangelist, the Rev. Zenith F. Yount, bring the Gospel of God's redemptive love to all, preached the first sermon there. One month later, regardless of man-made barriers and creedal di- when I accompanied him to Bixby for what I visions. We seek to unite in indigenous churches thought would be the second sermon, a man said those who already profess faith in the Lord Jesus to us, "This will be the third service here. Brother Christ and to win others to Him. We aim to Clark slipped in ahead of you, but the place is minister to those who have hitherto been passed yours anyway by squatter's rights." by, and to lift the natives out of their tendency toward an ingrown religion; we want to give A church was organized after a revival which them a consciousness of and a share in, the com- resulted in a most amazing transformation of munion of saints; we would like to make the what was once known as the toughest little spot Church the institution from which radiate whole- in the Ozarks. The work is going forward in some influences on all of life, by cooperating with spite of occasional inroads by various types of "Holiness groups" who like to meet at just the time of Pastor Yount's bi-monthly appointments. When they asked for the use of the building- which is a remodeled store, purchased from funds raised by the sale of used clothing-a real prob- lem arose. Some of the church members were quick to refuse, while others felt that they should be hospitable. Showers of rain one Sunday set- tled the question-nobody had the heart to turn anyone out. Such revivals stir up great enthu- siasm for the time, but after it dies down our work continues as before. At Bixby the Sunday school carries on under native leadership.

*** In Shannon County, south of Salem, Missouri, we discovered a large area in which no church of any kind was functioning. It is one of the most rugged sections of the Ozarks, with narrow val- leys along the many streams. The population is sparse, and there were but few people to count on at the start. The community lacked cohesion, yet

THE WORLD NEEDS THE CHURCH

a united church came as the natural result of one More and more calls are coming in from other of the greatest revivals ever held in the Ozarks, communities for a united church. The Ozarkian, conducted by Pastor Yount. Since we wanted keen and alert student of life, is giving this type to serve an extensive parish, the welding together his approval. We believe that by helping the of a number of rural school districts, we worked towards the purchase of a tract on the main high- GOING TO CHURCH IN THE OZARK MOUNTAINS way running through the center of the county from north to south, and named it Shannondale. Ozarks to make a contribution to the spirituality In 1932 a community house was built of native of the world, the efforts of the Evangelical and stone. The Rev. Vincent W. Bucher, who had en- Reformed Church are bearing rich fruit. deared himself to the people of this region as a teacher in Vacation Church Schools, became resident pastor of Shannondale in 1934. Last year the thank-offering of the women of the Evangelical and Reformed Church was used for the erection of a modern manse for the Bucher family.

A group of natives, under the guidance of Mr. Bucher, formed the Shannondale Cooperative Association and operate a store in a building they erected on the same tract. A Folk School, held for three weeks. each year, seeks to enrich life. Weekly recreation and play nights, with also some opportunity for study, are very popular. Besides holding church school and services at the center, Mr. Bucher preaches at a number of isolated schoolhouses.

The World Needs the Church The Commentator has this to say about the na- no freedom is secure. Close the Bible, and what tions and the Church: becomes of a free press? Silence the pulpit, and what is left of free speech? Many of us have vague ideas of religion. We care little for creeds and ceremonies. We leave The value of a church to society-the sermons, the churches to the clergy and spend our time else- the sacraments, the music, the missions, the hospiwhere. Some of us, however, have been startled talities and the pastoral services of the clergy beout of our indifference. We are not as sure as we hind the scenes-is to be measured by a twofold used to be that a world without churches is the standard. A church does good: a church preworld in which we want to live. We feel a need, vents evil. Churches remind us of the weak who and wonder whether churches might not meet this are apt to be trampled under foot, of the sufferers need. who yearn for sympathy, of the bereaved who cry out for consolation, of strangers against whom What arouses us is a contrast. In some coun- prejudice is apt to be fomented, of failures in life tries churches are respected. In other countries who want to make a fresh start. . . . churches are humiliated. Whatever may be our beliefs or unbeliefs, we know which kind of coun- Children within a church form friendships .with try we prefer. Millions are eager to enter coun- other children, similarly situated, and are less tries where churches are active. Millions· are liable to drift into the no-man's-land where eager to escape from countries where churches juvenile delinquency is a danger. . . . are suppressed. . . . After three centuries of experience, this nation still believes in churches. They who condemn churches as obsolete, con- They may differ widely from one another in faiths demn themselves. For churches are not only diand forms of worship. But, jointly and severally, vine. They are human. They are what men and they justify their existence. women enable them to be.

In the fight for democracy against dictatorship This Year of Grace, 1939, challenges civilization. throughout the world, churches and synagogues To uphold civilization is the urgent task. It is not are in the forefront of the hottest battle. They wholly a matter for surprise that churches should stand for freedom of conscience without which be appraised afresh as an ally of society in its hour of grave uncertainty.

South's Number One

The Tenant Farmer – Whence and Whither?

-~ I By the REV. ARCHIE C. SMITH, De Queen, Arkansas I)ae– I N THE fertile river valleys of the Southland posses,sed little or no capital, no land and no tools is found some of the best alluvial land in the with which to farm. Legal emancipation was not world. The God of nature has there provided enough to enable him to establish himself on a man with the means of producing abundant har- self-supporting basis. With only his bare hands vests. Yet it is here, in this land of plenW, that and a willingness to work at the only trade he we find conditions which challenge the social, edu- knew, the Negro turned to the planter for employ- cational and religious institutions of North Amer- ment.

ica. For it is here that we encounter the South's On the other hand the planter possessed large number one economic problem, the share-cropper, tracts of land the cultivation of which required a or more correctly the tenant farmer. As Chris- . tremendous amount of manuallahor. Out of their tians focus their attention upon this problem it is mutual need was born the sharecropper system important to look at the underlying causes as well in which the planter agreed to rent a certain as at the results,. number of acres of farm land in return for a Too frequently have the efforts of Christian share of the crop at harvest. The planter also forces proven futile because they have approached supplied a house, seed, garden patch, farm ani- a solution without understanding the economic mals, and money for food during the time of grow- and social background. An historical inquiry as ing and harvesting the crop. This money with to the South's "Number One Problem" shows the interest was charged to the tenant's account and condition of the tenant farmer to be largely de- deducted from his share of the proceeds from the termined by social and economic factors as well sale of the year's harvest.

as by the use of unchristian ethics on the part of Under this arrangement the rent usually re- both the tenant farmer and the landlord. quired half the year's crop. This system has re- The history of the tenant farmer reaches back mained virtually unchanged until today. Its into the early history of the South. The great greatest weakness is that at best it furnishes to tlie waves of settlers who came from the eastern sea- average tenant but a mere living. Any emergency board were of two sorts, the wealthy planter who that may arise from sickness or crop failure will settled on large tracts of land in the river valleys, often throw the tenant in debt so deep that he is and the poorer farmer who settled on the less fer- always in arrears to the landlord.

tile farms in the hills. The romantic pictures of In this way the tenant was virtually bound to plantation life in the South before the War are the land. His only escape has been to go to another not a true graph of its social structure. Every planter, with whom he eventually found himself river bottom plantation operated: with slave labor, in the same predicament. The development of the was matched by numerous dirt farmers who lived industries of the North and East brought an ave- and labored in the hills. nue of escape. .Labor agents came South and The Civil War brought about the emancip~tion thousands of N~ro tenants went with them to of the slave but it wrought little change in the the North, thus es~aping from their debt burdened social structure of the South. ThehiU farmer status in the farm tenant system.

continued his way earning a living' from·n.is few acres. He chose one of his sons as his successor The Hill Farmer's Troubles on the farm and equipped the others for the trades Meanwhile things were happening to the hill or professions. The planter and his former slaves farmer. Unscientific farming led to the erosion succeeded in effecting an adjustment that enabled and the depletion of the fertility of his land. Year the fertile river valleys to continue to produce a after year decreases in his crop yields lowered his major portion of the world's supply of cotton. To status in the economic scale of the South's agri- supplant the old system of slavery a new system cultural system. His tribe was increasing with was evoIved which was to become known as the each generation and, with his decreasing income, sharecropper plan. The N e gr 0 "freed-man" he was finding it impossible to maintain his posi- [286] . tion in the social order. He was no longer able by every trait of temperament and personality to to educate his sons for the trades and professions enter into an economy which called for the closest therefore his already overburdened acres were cooperation between planter and tenant. He re- called on to support even greater numbers. Lack- belled against the close supervision exercised by ing capital to move to more fertile land his only the planter and friction was inevitable.

recourse was to remain on and eke out an exist- Owing to the inherent weakness of the farm ence of a sort. With his economic strength van- tenant system (tenant indebtedness) the worker's ishing he naturally began to deteriorate socially. meager capital was soon exhausted and his eco- The triune ravages of the South, hookworm, ma- nomic existence came to depend wholly upon his laria and pellagra, were exacting their toll from employer. Unfortunately for many tenants this his physical body, leaving him without energy. attitude was none too favorable. Frequently the The one-room public school was doing its best tenant was fractious and the planter soon tired to provide an education but it seldom did more of the strife that was continuously creeping into than to teach him to read and write and lead him their relationships. Since many tenants were to feel that he had all the educational world had unreliable the planter learned to regard them as to offer. His reaction to conditions beyond the a bad economic risk. Under such conditions realm of his understanding grew to be one of planters felt justified in getting rid of them as stupid suspicion. His personality, locked in the soon as possible. They passed from plantation to vaults of superstition and. ignorance, became a plantation until finally no one would have them.

dwarfed and distorted image of his forbears. Thus hundreds of white tenant families found Religious Decadence themselves thrown on their own pitifully inade- quate resources. They usually found some aban- In his religious life we find the same pitiful doned house and eked out an existence as best story of decadence. The clergy were recruited they could, doing odd jobs. Other white tenants from his. own ranks and made the transition from however succeeded in making the adjustment to the laity to the ministry by the simple expedient the system, until the depression made their posiof swapping the plow and the furrow for the Bible tion insecure. and the pulpit. About all this type of ministry has had to offerits. parishioners. is a very narrow A new factor, in the way of farm management, and limited conception of the broad principles of entered the field. Insurance companies were Christianity. The tenant farmer's faith came to forced to take over and operate many plantations consist of an extreme denominational conscious- to protect investments in southern farm lands ness; it was decidedly negative in character, pos- and established corporations. for the purpose of sessing little of the vital qualities of true Chris- carrying on farming operations. These business tianity. As a rule the average minister rose or organizations soon realized the economic weakfell in the estimation of his congregation with his ness of the tenant farmer and the mule and supability to vanquish his denominational foes in an planted them with the tractor and wage hand. ecclesiastical debate. Sometimes these theological Thus many more tenants passed out of the farm tenant system.

arguments grew so tempestuous that the police The Negro Tenant had to be called to enforce the peace. The position of the Negro tenant was also threatened. Tmnsition from the "share" method As generations came and went the stronger to a daily wage was disastrous to both the Negro sons succeeded in escaping from the farm, leav- and white tenant. Neither was able, by training ing the weaker to usher in a new generation a or ability, to manage his own economic affairs. little further down on the social scale. Like his They were forced to establish an entirely new impoverished acres the tenant farmer's character basis of economic existence on a low wage scale. has been depleted in moral, spiritual, intellectual The only time the cultivation of cotton demands and physical strength. The chief characteristic a great deal of manual labor is during the hoeing that remains from his pioneering forbears is a and harvest seasons. But these Negroes simply fierce pride; but unlike his forbears he has little do not possess. the economic sagacity to be able justification in his character for such a pride.

With the planters of the South looking for labor to manage a small seasonal income so that it will to replace Negro tenants who had gone North, cover the needs of an entire year. Thus many came an opportunity for the poor white man to more tenant families were added to the homeless escape from his impoverished land. He therefore and unemployed.

sold his holdings. for whatever they would bring With the arrival of the cotton control program and with this limited capital moved to the planta- many more will be forced into this group. The tions to take the place of the departed Negro. planter has been forced to reduce his acreage This was a terrible mistake. He was ill suited planted to cotton. If he is forced to reduce his

acreage one-third it is only a matter of simple a conference on the problem, but little was accomfractions to make him realize that he can get along plished other than the realization of the immensity with two-thirds of his tenants. Thus the farmless of the difficulty. group is threatened with a large increase in its numbers. Once this primary need has been met the next step must be to establish and carry out a South- There is yet another Damoclesian sword hang- wide program of human rehabilitation which will ing over the head of the hapless farm tenant. restore in the individuals of the farm tenant group The rules under which the government subsidizes the material and spiritual ability to fend for themits soil conservation program require that the selves in the rapidly changing economy of the rent paid the planter for acres planted with soil South. No such program has been formulated, conservation crops shall be shared with the tenant. but a hint as to its character may he found in the Here is an opportunity for the planter to profit success of the various social and educational by exchanging the rent system for the daily wage. agencies laboring in areas inhabited by large num- If he is not renting the land to the farm tenant, bers of tenants. In the regular course of their but merely working him by the day, he will receive duties they have touched the life of the individual the entire subsidy check. In the writer's experi- tenant and have brought about some very encourence he has known of no planters. resorting to this aging results. The Agricultural Extension Servunjust means of augmenting their income, but it ice has brought to the mind of the farmer a knowlis a possibility that must be considered by the edge of scientific farming and to his wife the farm tenant. advantages of agood home and home environment. The Public Health Service is teaching them the The Situation Today rudiments of simple hygiene and the value of diet in health. The displacing of the one-room school As the situation is today the Southern tenant by the consolidated school has wrought a wonderfarmer falls into two classes; the farmless tenant, ful change in the social and educational outlook who in reality is no longer a sharecropper but of their children. The children of the average is generally regarded as such; and the tenant tenant farmer today have a much broader and farmer who has succeeded in remaining in the more intelligent view of life than their parents. "system." It is imperative that the former re- If the more promising of these children could seceive attention at once. One cannot but be cure the advantages of a higher education they shocked at the thought of helpless people sitting could extricate themselves from the toils of the beside the road with no place to go. Here are sharecropping system and in a generation or two step-children of an economy which is rapidly would become normal Americans. As it is they changing and, in its change, can find no place for know that college is for them in the realm of the its unwanted wards. Very little is being done to improbable, if not impossible. With this barren meet the needs of this group. A few have found outlook before them they marry at an early age, refuge in the Farm Security Administration, a start to farming on shares, bring a large family federal agency, which is carrying out a national into the world, go in debt and remain so until program of rural rehabilitation. Others have death settles the account with the landlord. been brave enough to endeavor to homestead lands in the poorly drained swamp areas. They cannot While the work of reclamation, wrought by these hope for much success for they are without cap- social agencies, is merely a dent in the surface, "ital to carry them through the lean years before the success of their limited operations shows that their newly acquired acres can be brought to pro- the Southern tenant farmer is able to make a reduction. If their venture is successful this outlet sponse to efforts in his behalf. will serve only a small proportion of those in need. Some are finding a refuge in the homes of rela- The Christian Aspects tives who have succeeded in retaining their position as tenants on the plantations still using the What are the Christian aspects of the situation? share-cropping system. Unfortunately they are few for little Christianity has been exercised by the principals involved. The most immediate and urgent need in the The religious and moral life of the tenant farmer whole Southern tenant farmer problem is to find is only a dim shadow of the Christ-inspired life. a means of economic existence for those who are Gradually through the generations, the farmer in the army of farmless tenants. Other than the has come to look upon the Bible as containing limited amount of work heing done by the Farm proof texts for his denominational position rather Security Administmtion, and a single project be- than as a rule of faith and life. But the planter ing conducted by a group of socially minded has had many of his generous impulses shattered American Christians, there have been no con- by treachery and unreliability on the part of some structive efforts made toward the remedying of of his tenants. The Christian forces working in this situation of homeless people. One state held their midst have failed to realize that the tenant

THE SOUTH'S NUMBER ONE PROBLEM

farmer needs to. have evidences Qf their mission- farmers find that it is virtually impossible to effect ary interest. any radical change in the outlook of the older gen- eration. The young people, however, readily re- None of the Home Mission authorities of the spond to influences which are brQught to bear on more prominent churches of the South have thus their lives. If they can be reached befQre their far come to look upon the farm tenant group as environment has warped their cQnception of life, one which needs a well planned prQgram Qf mis- they will make as much progress as any group of sionary effort in their behalf. Only here and there average young Americans. in an isolated case does one find such a missionary project. The experience gained from these The promotiQn of a missionary project for a activities teach us that the tenant is not only the community of tenant farmers in southeast Ar- South's number one economic and social pro.blem, kansas has shown the writer that the task of but that this group also represents Southern effecting the spiritual rehabilitation of the tenant Christianity's numberQne spiritual problem. Ef- farmer will be a IQng hard struggle, filled with forts are being made by the State to effect the bitter experiences. The work began in an abaneconomic and social rehabilitation Qf the tenant doned one-room school house. The tenants posfarmer, and it is essential that the Church under- sessed no. means with which to erect a church gird this work with a well-planned program of building and refused to believe that funds CQuid Christian activity. It is 'a tremendous task which be secured. During the period of raising funds will require the wholehearted effort of every home from outside sources, the purchas.ing of materials mission agency in the Church. and the erection of the building, every conceivable obstacle was thrown in the way Qf the project by First of all effeotive work in this field will re- the tenants themselves. The pastor's character quire a ministry that is "wise as serpents and was assailed and his motives questioned at every harmless as doves." Men of ability must be will- turn; it was not until after four years of someing to devote their ministry to. sacrifice on the times heart-breaking service that his ministry altar of Christian service. The minister will be was vindicated in their sight. By the exercising called upon to work with people who will questiQn of patience and understanding, refusing to allow his motives. His every move will be subject to himself the luxury Qf righteous indignation, he scrutiny to. see if there is some flaw in his char- finally won their confidence and the tenant farmacter. In his presence the tenant farmers will ers with their families became loyal friends. express appreciation for his services, but to each When the church building was a reality large other they will be apt to speak of him with SCQrn crowds began to attend the services and the light and will ridicule his ministry. The minister to the of the Gospel was shed over the community. A tenant farmer must be a man of preaching ability. sound program Qf religious education was adopted It is no easy task to preach acceptably to thQse and Christian influences began to be revealed in who require the simplest of thoughts cQuched in daily lives. This work was correlated with the the simplest of language. The peQple instinctively program of the social agencies in the community resent anything they do not understand. and the program of rehabilitation there, today, is well balanced and wholesome. If organized Christianity ever recognizes the challenge presented to. it in the Southern tenant Under the inspiration of this church and its farmer and decides on some prQgram of missiQn- activities, several young men and women, who ary activity, there must be adequate financial had dropped out Qf school, have been induced to backing. In Qrder that his work may have an air resume their high school studies and one young of permanence the missionary must have a build- man is in college today, literally lifting himself by ing in which to. carry out a program of Christian his own efforts toward a higher education. The activity. There is little permanence abo.ut a brush social life has undergone a gradual change. The arbor and an abandoned one-room school house, weekly community dance, which generally ended such as are the abode of itinerant preachers who in a drunken brawl, has disappeared and the gento.o often exploit the peQple rather than render a eral moral tone of the community life has taken religious service. Anyone utilizing such places. as on an entirely different hue. Truly the power of houses of worship is classed in the itinerant group this church is being felt in the economic, social for which the tenant farmer has little respect. If and religious life Qf this community and is pointthe missionary's work is to be at all successful ing the way to higher and nobler conceptiQns. We it must be housed in a respectable building; then believe that some day the social agencies of Amerthe tenant farmer, who is naturally a church ica will find a solution to the social and economic goer, will fill it to capacity. problems of the sharecro.Pper. When that day comes the church in a community will be able A good program of religiQus. educatiQn will en- to lend its help toward making that solution efable the tenant farmer to apply mQral and spir- fective. itual truth to the sQcial and economic prQblems of his life. Those who have labored among tenant

Berea's Work for

Some Impressions Gathered from Revisiting the College After Thirty-five Years r~"- -'1l!;;1====;;o;;B;;o;;Y;;o;;D;;o;;E;;o;;L;;o;;A;;o;;V;;o;;A_N=L;;o;;';;o;;PI;;o;;E;;o;;R;;o;;SO;;o;;N====-=l..I, T HE true value of every factory or institution and in other parts of the nation and in foreign is to be judged by its products. In America lands. A new era has been ushered into the moun- the name of Berea has become synonymous tains of the South by what Berea has taught and with effective, practical Christian education. Here done. At comparatively small expense, the colgood raw material is received in the form of boys lege has shown how to accomplish wonders in and girls from the Southern Mountains and is practical education by new methods of farming shaped into strong, intelligent, useful Christian and stock raising, by courses in home-making, citizens. Many' other schools and colleges are en- nursing and child training, by modern business deavoring to do the same kind of work but most methods, by industries such as baking, weaving, of them with much less evidence of success. They printing, and furniture making. Students not only would like to know Berea's secret in order that help to earn their way by these industries but they they too may achieve as satisfactory results; but are taught the dignity of labor and learn to be exthey are, in too many cases, handicapped by tra- perts in one or more of these lines. Their products dition, by too much money, by indulgent parents, are works of art with high commercial value. or perhaps even by a lack of the highest ideals, Each student is required to payor earn $150.00 and true sacrificial service on the part of faculty a year to cover his or her expenses for room and and trustees. board, but most of them are able to earn a large part of these expenses by work in the industries, One reason why Berea is a truly great institu- on the farm or elsewhere. The results are seen tion is because it is not so handicapped. The col- in the wide-awake, industrious, fine spirited stulege is rather enriched by tradition, by its ideals, by the necessity for economy and hard work, by dent body.

the quality of the student body, and by the char- What are some of the secrets of Berea's success acter and spirit of its faculty and trustees. Berea in making strong, self-reliant men and women out has a high aim and a noble history and seeks to of the comparatively raw, untrained and underbe true to them today. This unique college, which privileged boys and girls of the mountains?

has today 1700 students, has grown out of a dis- First. Berea gives hope to the students. Many trict school, with a very few pupils, which was of them come from homes where poverty has opened at Berea, Kentucky, by John G. Fee in brought discouragement, where the "upright" 1855. mountain farms offer little possibility for earning a livelihood to support a growing family of chil- The equipment has grown from a small frame building unm it now.comprises a large and beau- dren; where poor roads and lack of schools give tiful campus and forest of 6,284 acres and little opportunity for economic or intellectual rriany fine buildings with all the necessary equip- progress; where churches cannot support a ment for physical, industrial, intellectual and spir- trained minister. Berea teaches these boys and itual education. In the early days Berea sought girls to look forward not back; to be dissatisfied to promote understanding between the white and with past achievements and with things as they Negro races by co-education, but when the Ken- are; to look ahead hopefully to something better tucky Legislature made this illegal, the college -in education, in the economic situation, in Christurned its attention wholly to the neglected and tian service, and in life as a whole. They learn underprivileged mountaineers of the South. Now to look forward to something better than the old 90 per cent of the students must be from the cabins such as are common in the mountains and mountains; no more than 10 per cent can be re- are inspired and taught to build new homes that ceived from outside this region, although many cost little; they learn how to make these attractive apply. The product of Berea has made the college and clean through the science of home-making. famous., for many of its former students have be- Berea students are given a vision of life that is come honored teachers, lawyers, physicians, truly worth living here and that looks forward to Christian preachers, legislators, business men and the Life beyond. home-makers in their own mountain communities Second. Berea gives its students courage and [290 ] inspires them with ambition and energy to do the strictly "cultural" work, is the labor system, a seemingly impossible. They are taught never to be discouraged by handicaps; not to complain be- dominant emphasis of the institution. Each dorcause of what they lack but to use thankfully and effectively what they have. They are taught never mitory student labors ten hours a week or more to accept defeat in any ambition that is high and useful and to realize that nothing good is impos- and for this he is paid in labor credits which are sible to those who have faith, courage and perseverance. There are multitudes of examples in available toward the payment of college bills. The Berea's history from the days of John G. Fee to those of William J. Hutchins. purpose of the labor system is to make it possible Third. Berea teaches its students the value for a student who otherwise would not be able to and joy of unselfish service. They are not encouraged to come to Berea merely for what they can procure an adequate education to win the special do for themselves but because there they can prepare better to serve their fellow men. This is the advantages of Berea. In no one of our campus spirit of the college from the president down to the first year student-and it makes them unusu- schools do we charge tuition. ally cheerful and attractive. Ability to earn money, or to achieve fame of personal comfort, is A student may labor in the dairy, on the farm, not the goal set before them; it is the ideal of making their homes, their community and the in the garden, in the broom industry, in the bakworld a better place in which to live. It is the same ambition that actuated Sir Wilfred Grenfell ery, in the laundry, in the heat and power plant, of Labrador and Dwight L. Moody of Northfield in their life service. Godlike love is the ideal and in the several weaving industries, in some janitor motive that sets the standard of service. service, in Boone Tavern, in one of the offices of Fourth. Berea teaches its students to look to God their Heavenly Father for power to attain the institution. Work for which a student receives these ideals. Youth must not only look forward hopefully and within courageously as they take educational credit, yields him no money; labor stock of their assets, but they must look around lovingly to meet the needs of others and they must which yields him financial credit, gives him no edlook up to receive the guidance and strength of God. Berea is assured that this higher source of ucational credit. Much of the labor is highly eduhelp is provided in Jesus Christ and the Bible. Students are not expected to fight the battle of life cational. A student janitor in one of our buildalone. Prayer, Bible study, church services and student organizations are used to promote spir- ings, a man recently from the mountains, reitual life. These growing young people learn what many great men and women have learned-that marked the other day, "Me and cobwebs are not true success is attained by putting God first and others second; and that putting self first and God congenial any more." No registrar's card can second courts failure. capture that type of education; but that is edu- *** cation. . As President Hutchins Looks at Berea Some years ago we, at Berea College, sponsored (Excerpts from an address by President William J. Hutchins, given before the Rural Life As- a County Achievement contest. This contest, sociation of Lexington, Kentucky, and printed in their periodical.) originating in the mind of our one time secretary, Berea College is now eighty-four years old. Mr. Marshall Vaughn, which may be tried in vari- Many efforts have been made to label or to classify Berea. It teaches cultural subjects, but ous sections. Judge Bingham offered $5,000 in it is not a "cultural" school; it teaches agriculture, but it is not an "agricultural" school; it prizes, to be divided between the two counties teaches the industries, but it is not an "industrial" school. which should win the largest number of points in Quite separate, whether from the vocational or a County Contest. Nine counties participated. If any man in a county put screens on his house, built a toilet, or painted his house; if any man cooperated in mending the steps of the church house, or in painting a schoolhouse, he did not win a prize himself, but he helped his county win a prize. The friendly emulation of mountain counties in a revamping, redeeming enterprise means a great advance. A man who has once caught a vision of his county with decent roads, and schools, and churches, and toilets, a man who has worked with fellow citizens for a Cause, is not going to be satisfied with shrubbiness and squalor and walrus-like isolation. The County Achievement Contest proved that there are forces in our mountain communities that lead our people toward a high and holy civilization.

A second emphasis of Berea College is the Home. We rest in the belief long ago expressed by Francis Peabody that "the home holds the key to the salvation of the state."

We went into the mountains and found a typical house of the poorer sort; it had no windows in the sides or in the lean-to; it had no foundations.; the hens and hogs of earth, and the winds of heav- en, could find their way beneath it. This house we bought, took down, and moved in sections so

that we could place it in a quiet but central site and women, in a health program, supervised by upon our campus. Next to this house we erected, with the aid of our own construction department, Dr. Joel E. Goldthwait, of Boston. and under the guidance of our Home Economics Department, a "contrast house," the material cost- Each autumn twenty or twenty-five doctors, exing us only $650. The result is a house into which I should be proud to have anyone of our alumni amine our students ; after the examination a sillive with his bride. Within a little mo~e than a year we sold more than eighty-five blueprints of houette is taken of each student. A girl looks at this house. her silhouette and says: "That isn't my picture, Aside from the class and laboratory work done in our Home Economics building, there are five is it ?" "Yes., that's your photograph." As a recountry or "practice homes." In each of these is an expert teacher of Home Economics, who lives sult the girl changes her posture almost as quickly with her girls, eats with them three times a day, guides them as they fashion their menus and their as she changes the way she dresses her hair. Thus meals, as they keep their food expenses within two dollars and sixty-five cents, a week for each a better physical breed of men and women are goperson. In one of these country homes is a baby. ing back into the mountains, whence 90 % of our I had supposed that the girls would kill the baby with love, but I learned better. One day a visitor 2,QOO students come. from Boone Tavern came to see the baby. It was at a time of influenza. A modest mountain girl A fourth emphasis .at Berea is the Ancient came to the door, and asked the visitor, "Have you a cold?" "No." "Then I will see if the baby Simplidties and the Fine Arts. Some students is asleep." In other words, if you haven't had a cold, and if the baby is not as,leep, then you may have not money enough to pay for stamps to send see the baby. That is education. letters home. We are doing our best to inculcate *** a democracy which makes it possible for the boy, There is a new and strange shop on the Berea campus. A man ninety years old, but shrewd and who on Sunday presses his blue jeans, to go to keen, came to tell me of the futility of a college education. He said that college men broke down church and not be embarrassed by the boy next to in the time of depression; that a college man did not know even how to change a fuse in his own him, with white collar and better clothes. At the house if he used electricity. He went on to say that every American ought to be able to till his same time there is emphasis on the Fine Arts. own ground, and to build his own house. Finally he gave us money enough to pay for the part sal- Music and art, we insist, are not the monoply of ary of a high class "Jack of all Trades,," and to build a shop, in which five girls this past year the financially elect. "All of God's, chillen have made their own looms, and in which an average of 150 boys worked each week. Here the boys may wings." Through the window of our "House of study the framing of a house, the wiring of a house, the plumbing of a house, and so on. the People," we seek to prove to our students that The Council on Economic Conditions of the the mountains are beautiful, and that mountain South report that 4,000,000 Southern families should be rehoused. This is one-half of all the life is potentially beautiful. families in the South. And yet, "The home holds the key to the salvation of the state." The fifth emphasis of Berea is religion. While A third emphasis of Berea College is health. we grant that there is no such thing as compUlsory We have a hospital with fifty beds and a contagious ward with 75 beds. Four doctors, two religion, we insist that our students shall be exdentists, four trained nurses, a dietitian and a technician are members of the staff. On the posed to the noblest thoughts which men have ground at one time we have 'approximately fifty student nurses. All join with the Department of cherished, whether they be thoughts concerning Physical Edu~atio;n, with its gymnasia for me)). mathematics, political science or religion.

We do our best to build a golden bridge by which a student may pass. from an impossible theology, and an erroneous Biblical interpretation, to thoughts and convictions about God and Christ which will enable him to fight fearlessly and win in the arena of modern life.

We do not expect our mountain people to be rich, nor shall we lightly endure their hideous destitution. If we Americans have a modicum of communal character and good will, such destitu- tion is absolutely needless.

We who serve the mountains are trying to teach the boys and girls that they can play without per- verting the most sacred instincts of mankind, that they can hear the golden trumpets sound while great sacrifices are being offered; that they may live a life of external hardship, and at the same time find their way, straight and clean, to the per- renial sources of joy which are not destroyed by the ravages of time and circumstance. We are trying to teach the boys and girls how to take their share, their full share, in the economic and spir- itual redemption of the South and in the cosmic redemption of which the great dreamers have dreamed and for which the prophets and apostle.$ .and martyrs h.ave died. . . –

A Challenge for Advance in

–<!III By REV. W. A. ROSS, D.O. Ill>- C APTAIN JIMENEZ, an officer iIi the med- have ministered in the Name of Christ to the sick, ical department of the aviation corps of the has completely changed the attitude of the people Mexican Government, a Protestant and one toward Protestant work. The schools during the of my former students, was remarking on the years they were being carried on, created a friend- tendency in the government toward a more lib- liness and called forth cordial support and elicited eral attitude to religion and a more· spiritual warm praise from all classes of the people.

philosophy. This tendency is more marked in A Nation in the Making some sections than in others. It is a challenge to the evangelical forces to take advantage of the if Mexico prides herself on being one toofbtehgeinfirtsht~ present situation, and at the same time a call from not the first, of the modern States Christ to present His claims upon all. The times and conditions are favorable. struggle for a larger freedom, and that was less We do not mean that all is friendliness toward than thirty years ago. As a nation that is being the Gospel, or that there are no forces of evil, no radical elements opposed to religion, no hearts in made over, she is very young. The people are Mexico that have no room for Christ. We refer to conditions in general. formulating new policies, they are working out At the Congress of the American Republics· in new systems of statecraft, they are facing the Peru, the dominant note was friendliness. The "good neighbor" policy is bearing fruit. It is in edcaownonm. I.CT, hseoyciaarle avnedrycusletnusriatlivecotnoditthioenspoolifticthale' this atmosphere we are working in Mexico but there come at times breaks in the friendly trend. present-day neighborhood world and are receiving Three or four years ago the church in Cuerna- ideas and patterns of behavior which are stirring vaca was closed for some months and the State government was making plans t~ take it as a cul- and moulding the minds and confusing or directtural center. It was saved, and in recent years we have not been in the least molested. Later ing the thoughts of multitudes. These new curthere was a heavy tax put on all ministers of religion. In some cases it amounted to more than rents are uprooting the foundations of their forhalf the salary. That also has been removed, and the ministers go about their duties as freely and mer simpler life, are affecting not only the outer openly and actively as in the United States. In another capital city about four years ago the forms, but also the inner contents and are shaplargest Protestant church was taken over by a semi-official labor group and used as headquarters ing the framework of a new civilization. until recently when it was turned back to the people for religious services. There is a tenacity in the old conditions and The liberal elements have always been favor- conceptions of life which do not yield easily, and able to the Protestant cause. Juarez said eighty years ago: "We need the Protestants in Mexico." there is much that should not yield, but no one And liberal-minded men of affairs in all walks of life have often expressed similar sentiments. can deny that this new structure moves with irre- Their knowledge of history teaches them that in countries where the Protestant faith predominates sistible force. The danger is that the good will there is liberty, progress, and a larger degree of happiness. There is also the missionary work go with the bad, and that sinister elements will that is being done before their own eyes. The work of the hospitals where the doctors and nurses come in. There is danger that, as they are pro- gressing through outer forms and organizations and are mastering the material, they wil not learn self-mastery or will not give a place for God who controls and masters life.

Here is the opportunity for the Evangelicals.

Just at a time when a nation is casting off the old faith there is the opportunity to press· the claims of the new; when hearts are open to the new it is a challenge to present Christ whose coming makes all things new.

A good number of those who have pretended to be the saviors of the people and guardians of their interests during the years of revolution have been selfish and unscrupulous men. This accompanies all revolutionary movements. We must also re- member that the efforts made to uplift the masses of the people take the form of material uplift.

• Reprinted from The Christian Ol1'8erver. This is needed and when rightly and wisely [293 ]

guided has its value; we can rejoice in everything The Religious Qualities of the Mexican People that is done to help in any way. The Mexican people are breaking away from But during the whole of the revolutionary pe- the dominant religion of the country, but this does not mean that they are irreligious or are losing riod there have been men and women who not their inherent religious qualities. Jose Vascononly have given themselves unselfishly for the selos, one-time Secretary of Education, speaking material welfare, but also have sought to bring to for his own people said: "We are Indian blood the masses larger cultural opportunities in the and soul; the language and civilization are Spanthings of the mind and the heart. There have ish"; and the Indian is by nature religious. His been enough of these to give continuity to the religion as a pagan before the conquest with its movement and under their leadership it has gone priesthood, its religious communities, its penances forward. and a host of deities, was the center of his life. His religion as a Roman Catholic, with its very Twenty-five years ago some of the men at the similar priesthood, with its pilgrimages and the head of the then very young revolutionary party attendant community life, its penances, its muloutlined. their plans for making available to titude of images and saints, was until recently, the masses a larger portion of the resources and and still is for many, the center of life. Those products of the country, for the education of all who have come into the Protestant faith with its the people and for the enlargement of their intel- ministry, sacraments and ordinances of New Teslectual and spiritual outlook on life. As we have tament type, with its fellowship with Christ and watched the progress throughout the years, in with those who love Him, with its repentance spite of many things to oppose and many un- from sin and pardon in Christ, with the free acworthy elements which have crept in, we have cess of all believers to God our Father through the observed that they have, generally speaking, held merits of His Son our Saviour, find joy and peace true to these ideals. At the heart of their pro- in this life of faith. grams there has been an earnest desire to help the people and to lift them up. With some, as in the There are many inherent qualities in the Mexcase of President Cardenas, it is a life passion. ican people, brought in through the Indian strain There are now, and have been from the beginning, and fostered by the dominance of the Roman Cathmen of like mind. One young thirty-five-year-old olic faith for centuries, which when captured by governor put on a vigorous anti-alcoholic cam- Christ go to make up well-rounded Christian charpaign, and is giving especial attention to the edu- acters. Their patient and sympathetic natures cation of all children of school age. when touched by Christ become genuine Chris- tian virtues. Their fidelity and endurance, re- This earnest desire on the part of the present vealed in the hundreds who have died rather than rulers to help the submerged of Mexico may help deny their faith, are qualities. which add much to us to understand better some of their acts. In the the building up of stability in the family, church, exchange of notes between our State Department community and national life. Their mysticism at Washington and the Foreign Relations Depart- and contemplativeness have full playas they mediment of Mexico, Secretary Hull called attention to tate on Christ in the night watches. Their social the apparent, if not real, weakening of a sense of nature and spirit of comradeship, when the Spirit moral obligations. One cannot justify a break- of God purifies. and elevates, make the communion down in national honor and a weakening of a of the saints a high privilege. ~ense of national obligations, but one can find perhaps an explanation for some of the things. done Much of the old order is going and the new by the Mexican Government in the passion of the philosophies of life, the economic and social theleaders for the sharing of the masses of the people ories which have all the characteristics of religion in the resources and products of the country. along with nationalism, also elevated to a religious passion, are seeking entrance into Mexico. Many in the Government, from President Cardenas down, have indicated their appreciation of a feeling of obligation to the Protestant cause for what they are doing and have looked upon them Here again lies the peril for Mexico; here again in many cases as allies. We were one day discuss- lies the opportunity for the Evangelical Church.

ing with the Under-Secretary of Education the The Church itself must recapture the vision that rural school system and the plan of the Govern- God in Christ meant the Christian community to ment for the training of rural teachers. Mr. be a fellowship of believers, rooted in God and Saenz said that they could give the intellectual, His divine redemptive order and therefore com- technical and practical training to the teachers, mitted to the service and salvation of the world.

but that when they were sent out to the rural Then going out in His Name the Church must communities to teach, too many of them broke capture for Christ those religious qualities in the morally, adding that here is a great field of serv- Mexican people which make them His joyous and ice for the Protestant Church. consecrated servants.

Frontiers in Home

By the REV. EDWARD DELOR KOHLSTEDT, D.D., Philadelphia Executive Secretary of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, Methodist Episcopal Church BASIC backgrounds and ideals are fateful States on April 30, 1789, George Washington was factors in the unfolding life and destiny of visited by a special delegation from the recently men and nations. Material and moral as- organized Methodist Episcopal Church (Baltisets, undergirded by a consciousness of the real- more Christmas Conference, 1784), the first in ity of spiritual values, determine the character the history o.f our country to bestow an official and quality of their economic, civic and social blessing upon the Chief Executive and other adactivities. No nation can hope to endure the tests ministrative officers of America's infant republic. of time without at least three imperatives to per- On October 3, 1789, President George Washingpetuity: an adequate fo.undation of race; a high ton's first national Thanksgiving Day Proclamastandard of private and public morals; and a tion pledged this nation's gratitude and loyalty to spirit of fidelity <to tested and well-established in- God: "It is the duty of all nations to acknowledge stitutions. the providence of Almighty God, to obey His will, to be grateful for His benefits, and humbly to Expanding Frontiers implore His protection and favor." The coin of the realm still bears this suggestive inscription: The geographical growth of the United States 'Tn God we trust." of America constitutes an amazing chapter in the story of nations. Our early American colonies American missionary history stirs the souls of only fringed the Atlantic seaboard. When this those who trace the trails and sense the spirit of New World Republic was launched upon its no- the hardy pioneers. and heroic "circuit riders," table career in 1789, the Mis<sissippi River had patriots and preachers, whose joint services to become its western boundary. Later a sixty-year God and country were so effective during the series of rapidly receding western frontiers es- formative period of our national life. The most tablished the territorial unity o.f the United States substantial achievements which have blessed this between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, the Gulf world were conceived in the hearts and fostered of Mexico. and Dominion of Canada. The years by the faith of missionary-minded men and 1867 and 1898, respectively, witnessed the pur- women. We are indebted to their initiative, darchase of Alaska and the voluntary annexation of ing and self-sacrifice for humanity's material, Hawaii. Sho.rtly after, acquisitio.n of the Philip- social and spiritual progress. Challenged by the pines, Puerto Rico, a number of other islands that spirit of adventure, stimulated by the desire to dot the seas, and a permanent lease on the serve, and responsive to an inner spiritual urge, Panama Canal Zone completed the composite area they were able, out of a forbidding wilderness which embraces Uncle Sam's present political hitherto untrod by the feet of white men, to wrest domain. a civilization that was dominated by a Christian Our governmental superstructure rests upon purpose. A dynamic conscience characterized the foundations furnished by organized Christianity. colonization of America. The United States is The first representative assembly in this Western "a nation that was born Christian." Hemisphere was housed in a Christian church at old Jamestown, Virginia, where a monument now Is America Becoming Pagan? marks that historic spot. When the Plymouth What has happened during the century and a colonists were threatened with starvation, the . half of our national life, so startling in its impli- day designated for fasting and prayer was sud- cations that a level-headed leader and seasoned denly transformed into a time of feasting and re- Christian statesman like William Adams Brown joicing, hence Governor William Bradford pro- is prompted to voice the fear that "America is acclaimed the observance of America's first general tually in danger of becoming progressively pa- Thanksgiving Day on February 22, 1631. At his gan"? Constantly changing conditions, shifting first inauguration as President of the United economic and social situations; the influx of mil- [295 ]

lions of people from all parts of the world, with prime importance of personal salvation should not their own continental traditions, prejudices and be content with anything short of collective comracial animosities; the propagation of pagan fort as well as individual security. The spectacle philosophies of life; and the development of crime of absurd extremes between plenty and poverty, cultures of appalling proportions – these all surfeit and starvation in the richest country on threaten the foundations of our governmental earth, is an anomaly which has no place in a prosuperstructure and tax the resources of Chris- fessedly Christian commonwealth. This must be tianity. America's slump in ethical ideals is evi- corrected and its recurrence made impossible or denced by: the unsavory -revelations of our the manhood of tomorrow may curse the present United States Senate Committee hearings, in the generation for its stupidity. Significant trends in field of finance; the subtle trickery of dress-suit the current life of our day challenge the Church racketeers as well as the brazen effrontery of of Christ to arouse itself; to enlarge its vision, machine-gun gangsters; the perversion of public expand its horizon, revamp its program, and reoffice to propaganda methods that clash with the fire the zeal of evangelical Christianity so genuine principles of constructive statesmanship; strangely tempted, during these fateful days, to exploitation of the masses, for the sake of a selfish yield to the spirit of smug complacency and a surplus and the satisfaction of corporate greed; false sense of security. As Dr. H. E. Woolever rancor-breeding racial discriminations, that coun- wisely insists, "The Church of Christ must press tenance economic and social inj ustice. These and her spiritual ideals more effectively to the fore in kindred developments. undermine sacred institu- legislative halls and public life, or the increasing tions, hinder human welfare, and challenge the forces of greed and materialism will smother the Christian constituency of this country with a far economic and social rights of the masses." In more intricate and exacting task than that of our this or any other country, human happiness and pioneer fathers. national welfare can become a full reality only when those entrusted with governmental and so- An unwholesome industrial and social system cial responsibilities. are dominated by spiritual that breeds iniquities and haI1dships; ignores ra- incentives; when our national superstructure is cial discriminations and persecutions; tolerates buttressed by the fundamental doctrines of Chrisslum and dumping-ground residence areas; bar- tianity: the Fatherhood of God; the Saviourhood ters with beer barons and liquor lords for the of Christ; the Brotherhood of Man; the infinite privileges of physical and moral debauchery; value of human life, regardless of racial antecedwinks at broadcasts and cinemas that deliberately ents or backgrounds. distort ideals and magnify the worst features of American life, at home and abroad; and cheapens The Social Creed of the Churches, endorsed by itself by acknowledging the validity of alien di- the Home Missions Council and the Federal Counvorce laws that ridicule the sanctity of marriage cil of the Churches of Christ in America (to which and disrupt home life – these conditions deeply nearly all of our major Christian communions susconcern an awakened national conscience. The tain constituent relationships) embraces the follargest military budget in the history of the lowing clearly defined declarations: United States; crime and relief bills that require many billions to finance; fifty per cent of our (1) Equal rights and justice for all men, in population and a minimum of 15,000,000 of our all stations of life. children and young people under twenty-five years of age unrelated to the Church of Christ so that (2) Family protection by the single standard even a United States Senator voices the plea, of purity, regulation of marriage, and proper "Save the youth of the land or America is lost"- housing. all these stir our souls; indifference or silence on the part of Christian leaders would be treason to (3) Adequate physical and moral safeguards both the Cross and the Flag. for women toilers.

Social and Religious Frontiers (4) An unhampered development opportunity for every child, and the abolition of child labor. The totality of human welfare is Christianity's central concern. In the technical sense, geograph- (5) The right of employees and employers ical frontiers gradually fade from the national alike to organize, adequate means of arbitration scene, but modern home missionary agencies. must and conciliation during industdal disputes. reckon with functional frontiers of even greater urgency. In America, as elsewhere, vast areas (6) Application of Christian principles to the of under-privileged rural and urban life demand acquisition and use of property. conscientious com'l,ideration and action on the part of both Church and State. A passion for the Calvin Coolidge well said: "I do not know of any adequate support for our form of government, except that which comes from religion. The mere sharpening of the wits, the bare training of the intellect, the naked acquisition of science, while they greatly increase the power for good, likewise

NEW FRONTIERS IN HOME MISSIONS

increase the power for eviL Intellectual growth, service calls for a sound sociological basis for unaccompanied by moral and spiritual growth, missionary method and procedure, buttressed by will only add to our confusion." a valid humanitarian as well as genuine evange- Bishop Edwin Holt Hughes of the Methodist listic urge. A composite task requires, a composite Church emphasizes individual and social gospel program.

mutualities, as follows: The major task of Home Missions has always Any contest between the two seems to be a quarrel be- been to meet the demands of expanding geographtween the inner and outer life. Despite its individualistic ical and functional frontiers, with their changing emphases, the Wesleyan movement made most efficient economic and social situations; to aid in the esbeginnings in social reforms that later shone so beauti- tablishment of churches and the maintenance of fully in the expressions of Christian life. Wesley met missionaries; to explore and seek the solution of the standards of his own social gospel, did not dwell in community problems. that have been created by elegance, shared all he had, died poor. While the Church exploitation, poverty, ignorance, intolerance, dishas not usually protested where the main question de- manded economic expertness rather than moral judgment, ease and death. Modern Home Missions must she has spoken with boldness on starvation wages, child reckon with the basic needs of human hearts and labor, the liquor problem, the gambling evil, personal minister to those who, menaced by fOI'ces which purity, divorce, etc. Earnest men who plead that Christ are destructive to all that makes life worth while, is the ruler of the market place, that His spirit and prin- ciples should be applied to industrial life, should not be find their unaided strength unequal to the strugclassified as Soviets, Socialists or Communists. This whole gle for moral and spiritual victory. It is not task of creating a redeemed society calls for both regen- enough to tarry at the foot of the precipice, waiteration and education. ing with stretchers to catch the falling victims of sin and selfishness; Home Missions must major The CUn'ent Challenge Modern social situations in the United States in preventive rather than curative policies and of America, neware:as of activity created by programs in order to lift the whole of life to changing conditions and modified modes of living, loftier levels.

must be met and served by Home Missions with America's Salvation an adequate program adapted to the demands of these times. It is 'a far cry from the comparative Freedom of worship, lawful liberty, equality of simplicity of pioneer life to the confusing com- economic and social opportunity, and the sacredplexities of America's twentieth-century commu- ness of personality were the objectives of the Pilnities; from the program of a missionary move- grim Fathers who laid the foundations of this ment across expanding geographical frontiers, to New WorId Republic. Their ideals were crystalthe intricate and intensive task of providing an lized in the Constitution of the United States of adequate Christian ministry to modern communi- America, the separation of Churoh and State, the ties, threatened by destructive forces and fre- Emancipation Proclamation; they developed a quently abetted by "spiritual wickedness in high sturdy type of character which became the pride places." Home Missions must continue an un- of American citizensbi.p, until the finer sensibilifaltering' commitment to the supreme purpose of ties of our people became blunted by sordid sobringing the constructive and Ufe-enriohing serv- cial, commercial and political ambitions, when ices of the Gospel of Christ, not only to the SQ- license and lawlessness began to displace liberty called under-privileged areas of humanity, but and law. America's material, scientific and social also to any and all rural and urban communities achievements have been phenomenal, unsurpassed which, for whatever reason, would not otherwise by other nations, but her current spiritual situabenefit by them. It is the task of the Home Mis- tion is a cause for grave concern on the part of sion enterprise to serve isolated villages of reli- thoughtful Christian statesmen. Dr. Mark A. giously and socially forgotten men, women and Dawber, Secretary of the Home Missions Council children; to spiritualize sparsely settled rural of America, warns us that regions, pocketed mountain communities, and congested city centers; to brother bilingual Es- When wealth becomes an end in itself; when education kimo, Indian, Latin American, Migrant, Negro, leads to a deification of the intellect; when industry de- velops into a selfish struggle between capital and labor; when statesmen degenerate into petty politicians; and Oriental, and polyglot peoples from every part of when social life takes on the characteristics of the jungle, the planet now resident in and potential citizens the soul of the nation is lost. When lawmakers lose their of this country. The Christian attitude toward, spiritual ideals and sense of God; when the Lord's Day interest in, love for and ministry to these national is commercialized and secularized; when moral standards are lowered and a materialistic order becomes the major and family racial groups who have come here from motive of men, the supremacy of God is ignored and gov- ernment, education, industry and society, as well as relieverywhither, to make this their home, their flag, gion itself are in peril. their country, is bound to determine both the char- acter and the quality of future American citizen- The Christian Church and her Home Missions ship. In order to be effective and fruitful such agencies must save the soul and enrich the inner

life of America. A truly Christian democracy, sis, it is the same historic and heroic warfare according to our most seasoned statesmen, is the against the world, the flesh and the devil. Now, only constructive procedure in society, economics, as then, we wrestle not only with flesh and blood, education and government that ultimately can sur- but with principalities and powers. Home Misvive. America's greatest possible contribution sions faces an exceedingly exacting task in the toward world welfare, hence the most urgent re- new frontiers which now tax the mental, material sponsibility of Home Missions, is a reestablish- and spiritual resources of organized Christianity. ment of America's basic ideals of liberty and law, Shall we join Wycoff of Yale '84, in the following prayer: buttressed by a functioning faith in the God of our Fathers. Experience has demonstrated that Fronting my task, these things I ask: this is best for the physical, moral, social and To be tn.e, this whole day through; spiritual good of mankind. Present problems a.p- To be content with honest work, pear to be new and intricate, owing to the complexities of our modern life but, in the last analy- Fearing only, lest I shirk; To see, and know, and do what's right; To come, unsullied, home at night.

A Roman Catholic Challenges Rome By EULA KENNEDY LONG FROM earliest days until now, ignorance of the people to read the Bible. The accusation is not Bible has been widespread and notorious in correct, stated thus bluntly. We do not prohibit Brazil. the reading of the Bible (the Catholic version, be It was only a few months ago that a stu- it understood); but its almost general neglect, dent in Brazil said to a missionary who had given and the little attention given to teaching Catholics him a Bible : "You do not know how grateful I the supreme beauties of Divine Revelation, are am for this. All my life I have wanted a copy of practically equivalent to prohibition. . . . How the Bible; but this is the first time I have seen or can Catholic Action prosper when Catholics do not touched one." Missionaries could tell of having know the soul of the movement; when Jesus consearched the bookstores in some large cities of tinues ignored or unknown-the unknown God of Brazil, without finding one copy of the Bible for whom Paul preached to the Athenians?" sale – unless, perchance, there might be one or two of ancient pulpit Hize, .offered at the prohibi- It is a cause for rejoicing that concern is felt tive price of the salary of a workman for one over such a situation. Then came the good news month. -welcome to all sincere Christians, whether Roman Catholics or Protestants – that Father The Roman Catholic Church, which has been Rohden had completed a remarkably fine transladominant in Brazil for four hundred years, has tion of the New Testament, issued under ecclemade no practical attempt to provide the Scrip- siastical Imprimatur. It is a mere coincidence, tures or any portions for the people and many perhaps, but one is struck by the fact that this priests have forbidden the reading of what it calls new launching of God's Word, under Church the "Protestant" Bible, on the grounds that it is sanction, came in the same year that the Englishheretical. This is in spite of the fact that transla- speaking peoples celebrated the fourth centenary tions have been made by their own priests. of the transJation of the Bible into the language of the English people. Over a year ago, Evangelical (Protestant) church papers reprinted, with unfeigned joy, an The significance of this translation by a Roman editorial by a Roman Catholic priest, in which he Catholic priest cannot be overestimated when one voiced deep concern about this widespread igno- remembers that Brazil is a great Roman Catholic rance of God's Word. After relating experiences country, and the nation of greatest size, populain three hundred cities of BrazH, Father Hum- tion and potentialities in South America. The berto Rohden wrote: value of the achievement will be practically lost, however, if Father Rohden's New Testament is "Everywhere I found a profound and shameful not printed in a popular edition, put on sale at ignorance of the Divine ReveJ.ation. . . . It has secular bookstores, and its careful reading inreached such an extreme among us that Biblical sistently recommended by the priests. and Protestant are considered synonymous. . . . Ignorance of the sacred text is an open door to Will Rome accept the challenge of one of her the most horrible religious fetishism, to the detest- own priests? If so, then Father Rohden's work able superstition that exists among our people. of love and courage will prove to be, as he says, . . . The Protestants. accuse us of forbidding the "the breath of a promising spiritual springtime."

American Indians Are Doing

Evangelize Their Own People By G. E. E. LINDQUIST, Lawrence, Kansas I ~.- I Missionary-at-Large to the North American Indians ~==============================~t "EVERY race in the end must be elevated by These are only a few of th0'se wh0' have labored its own educated leadership," said a wise to bring the Gospel to their own people, either by leader 0'f his people. He would have been means of the translated word or as interpreters of the Message. They have all entered into their wiser had he said "Christian leadership," for in reward but their g00'd deeds follow them. Much the final analysis any elevation worthy of the of the work of Indian evangelization today is carname must be inspired and permeated by the ried on by native leaders. This does not mean Christian motive. The Indian race is no exception to this dictum. Historically, the most successful that the number of Indian pastors. and evangelists missions are those in which Indians have actively exceeds that of white missionaries, but when we participated in the evangelizati0'n of their own include interpreters, catechists, helpers and lay people. This is true in both Americas, north· as Indian leaders, young and old-in Sunday schools, well as south of the Rio Grande. women's societies, young people's organizations, such as Christian Endeav0'r, B. Y. P. U., Epworth As the North American tribes pass in review, League, Y. M. and Y. W. C. A., St. Andrew's certain notable names are associated with them, Brotherhood, Girls' Friendly Society, D. V. B. S., not as warriors and statesmen only but rather as evangels 0'f the Cross of Christ, messengers of the etc.-the total figure is impressive. G00'd News to those "sitting in darkness and the True, there are Indian communities today, an shadow of death." increasing number of them, where English is One calls to mind among the Cherokees, for ex- practically the only language spoken, whether on ample, such a spiritual leader in the person of the street, shop, school or church. Here the na- Elias B0'udinot, associated with Samuel A. Wor- tive tongue is used only 0'n special occasions when cester in translating the Scriptures and numerous old people are present, for example, at a tribal hymns, still used by present-day tribesmen; council or a funeral. On a recent field trip the Frank H. Wright, Choctaw evangelist and singer, writer visited the Yumas where this holds true. whose ministry was by no means limited to his However, among the neighboring Cocopahs, who own people; Joseph Islands, apostle to the Creeks; drifted across the border from Mexico several Frank Mt. Pleasant, for over forty years among decades ago, the white missionary must still use his own Tuscaroras ; James Hayes, a prophetic an interpreter at all services. To the north, voice among the Nez Perces, pr0'bably the first am0'ng the Mojaves, there is a native pastor min- Indian of the N0'rthwest to be hon0'red by the istering to his own people both at Needles, Cali- Doctor of Divinity degree; Artemas Ehnamani, fornia, and at Parker, Arizona. In a maj ority first native pastor to the Sioux, with the third of services English is the accepted medium of generation in his line serving at present; Charles expression although the pastor is a member of the Wright and Mark Hart among the 0hippewas, tribe and uses his mother tongue freely. who received much of their early training under One should not, however, draw the conclusion Bishop Whipple; Philip Deloria among the Da- that the work of Indian evangelization is no longer kotas, a disciple of the beloved Bishop Hare; dependent on the translated Word. Great has Isaac McCoy, a name-sake of the great Baptist been the contribution of those who have devoted missionary; Lucius Aitsan among the Kiowas, years of lab0'r in translating the Christian Scripa c0'nvert under Isabelle Crawford's ministry to tures into Indian languages. The story of the the blanket Indians in western Oklahoma; Horace Cherokee Bible, using Sequoyah's famous alpha- Williams among the Pima, who received his in- bet, reads like a romance; S0' also that of the spiration for evangelizing from Charles H. Cook, Sioux (Dakota) and the Chippewa (Ojibway).

pioneer missionary to the Southwest; Sherman Who can read of Dr. Rudolphe Petter's painstak- Coolidge, an Arapahoe, who also ministered to ing eff0'rts in making the Bible available to the other needy tribes. Cheyennes without unbounded admiration. In [299 ]

addition to these, the Scriptures, either in whole faith. One of the high spots of the church year or in part, may be found in the following: Choc- are the evangelistic services, usually held in J antaw, Muskokee (Creek), Shawnee, Arapahoe, uary and conducted by the deacons, more often Winnebago, Nez Perces, Seneca, Delaware, Tewa than not in the homes, but sometimes in the (Pueblo), and is some of the Canadian Indian church. The neighboring Tuscaroras as well as languages, such as the Cree, Miconac, Tinne and the Tonawandas frequently join in these meet- Maliseet. More recently some books of the Bible ings. It is the testimony of the leaders that the have been put into print in the Navajo tongue, church work receives a spiritual lift from these as well as in the Hopi and Apache. services which is felt throughout the entire year.

The Navajoes Among the Chippewas, especially those in Mich- igan, the annual camp meetings are looked for- Since the Navajoes constitute the largest tribe ward to as the big event of the year. Whether numerically in the United States and since these the camp meeting, as conducted by these people, people have often been referred to as "the last is an outgrowth of the old Indian councils which stronghold of paganism" it is reasonable to sup- were called by the chiefs, or whether they hark pose that the translated Word will have an im- back to early day Methodism, is a mooted question. portant place in their evangelization for years to The point to be noted here is that the Indians feel come. But what is of even g.reater importance instinctively that they are indigenous and belong to the Navajo is the development of an indigenous to them. Ever since the days of Rev. Peter church, under Indian leaders. Twenty years ago, Marksman (the name of Marksman is. writ large following a field survey, the writer urged that "at in the missionary history of the Chippewas), every mission station a small group of promising brought into the Christian life by Rev. John Clark native leaders should be trained for missionary of the Oneida Mission some time about 1840, the service in the future." Wherever these conditions Ojibway Camp Meetings. have been largely conhave been met certain encouraging results in the ducted by native Christians in which their own work of evangelization have followed. But alas, hymns and Scriptures loom large. The writer has after fifty years of missionary effort among these often heard the Indian preachers exhorting their people, one can count on the fingers of one hand people, sometimes far into the night. When the the number of full-time Indian Christian leaders. sinners and backsliders come to the front, the ex- hortation gives way to united prayer on the part The Hopis, a sedentary and agricultural people, of the faithful who are on their knees.. When the who unfortunately are widely advertised because penitent has "come through" there is exuberant of their annual snake dances now rapidly becom- singing as they rise to their feet in glad acclaim. ing commercialized, have had (until the recent One of the exhorters who has recently gone to passing of Pliny Adams) three native workers- his reward, J,ames Keshick, rarely missed a camp at Polacca, Toreva and Moencopi. Only those who meeting; he also served as local preacher at Hanhave first-hand knowledge of how the minds of nahville community for many years. these people "have been shackled by pantheism and idolatry," and how "within our own day men The Oklahoma Indians have lived and died in Hopiland without knowing that there is a redeeming Christ"-only those can Oklahoma Indians, especially the so-called understand what the lone workers must face as blanket tribes, still observe annual camp meetthey seek to bring the Gospel of the Cross to their ings, generally held in August or September, with fellow tribesmen. duly appointed committees in charge and careful preparations. made, sometimes months in advance The Senecas and Cherokees in order that such necessary items as food, equip- ment and shelter may be in readiness. A large On a recent trip to the Tonawanda Senecas in meeting tent, capable of holding hundreds of wor- New York the writer renewed acquaintance with shipers, is provided. Formerly a maj ority of the Peter Doctor, an Indian elder who for nearly attendants sat on the ground or on a piece of cantwenty-five years has kept the fires going in the vas spread for the occasion. Now practically all little Presbyterian Church, situated in the heart prefer camp chairs or benches, some of the nonof the pagan district, in the hope of evangelizing Christians choosing the cushioned seats from that element. During all these years he has near-by automobiles. Often as many as five or preached the Gospel faithfully and has made pro- six tribes gather for this annual event and a colorhibition speeches around the country. He is still ful assembly and picturesque congregation prewaiting for the Presbytery to appoint a successor sents itself. Beginning with a sunrise prayer to the late Mr. Tripp. meeting, called by the camp-crier, these people are rarely satisfied with less than four services a On the near-by Cattaraugus Reservation, Rev. day. They believe in and practice prayer, song David o,wl, a. Cherokee, has for twelve years led the Seneca people into the truths of the Christian

£9391 WHAT AMERICAN INDIANS ARE

and testimony. The climax comes when after the nual camp meetings and evangelistic s'ervices at exhortation by Indian leaders – in the old days Talmaks, Idaho, usually around Independence Nahwats, Poafpybitty, Saneco and Wautan-at Day, under the aegis of such native leaders as present by such younger recruits as George Hunt, Mark Arthurf James Dickson, Joseph Cook and Robert Chaat, White Parker, James Ottipoby and Harry Moffett. Robert Atchavit, when "the net is cast" and the converts and backsliders are brought in. The In the old Indian Territory (now east~rn Okla:.- elos.ing Sunday often witnesses baptisms, restora- homa) where dwell the Five Civilized Tribes, one tions and new members added to the church rolls. naturally expects. to find Indian workers dedi- cated to the cause of evangelization of their own Among the Sioux there are annual convocations people. Notable names are connected with their and mis8ion meetings. The latter, knolWn as past missionary history, but not all are written in l?taya Owohdake, have been held each autumn the past tense. Such institutions as. Bacone Colsince 1874 by the Congregational and Presby- lege, Dwight, Old Goodland, Oklahoma Presbyterian Indian churches of which there are 24 and terian College, Oklahoma Baptist Univ~r:rity a:.nd 30, respectively. They are manned by Indian the American Indian Institute have all had a part pastors, and the states of Nebraska, North and in preparing and sending forth many of the preS'- South Dakota and Montana are represented. ent generation of Christian leaders, lay and cler- While these do not have the distinctive revival ical. Among the Cherokees the list includes such emphasis of the usual camp meeting, they consti- preachers as Richard Glory, John Acorn and Jim tute a very significant link in the work of evan- Pickup, with Aaron Hancock, Johnson Bobb, gelization among the Dakotas. Here,' among Oscar Gardner and Grady James among the other items, may be heard thrilling reports from Choctaws; Sam Hawkins and Mose Wesley with the "Wotanin Waste," the Indian women's mis- the Chickasaws and Ben Haikey, John Smith and sionary societies, recounting their efforts to raise William King among the Creeks and Seminoles. funds to send the Gospel to needy groups. Here The last-mentioned, together with his wife, has such present-day leaders. as Truby Iron Mocassin, carried on work among the Florida Seminoles Thomas Blueyes, Clayton Hold, Philip Frazier, near Lake Okeechobee for a number of years, the Homer Redlightning, George Firecloud and Wal- support of which comes from the Muskogee-Creek lace Runningeagle sound the Gospel trumpet. Baptist Indian Association.

The Dakotas and Chippewas While the primary objective of all Indian mis- sionary work is to make known Christ and His In the Protestant Episcopal groups. the annual Gospel, to do this most effectively the ultimate meetings are called convocations. Last year the 67th annual gathering was held at Pine Ridge aim is to develop alid use Indian leadership. A Agency, South Dakota. A missionary who was trusted missionary of long experience once said, present writes: "The Dakotas crowded the separate meetings for men, women and young people "The constant testimony of the Indian preacher and demonstrated the depth of their religion with to Christian teaching and Christian things, just their interest and seriousness of purpose. Each group, from our grasshopper and drought-stricken because it is from an Indian, is worth more than prairies, came with larger gifts. of money for the any amount of preaching from a white man." promotion of Christ's work than they had brought Other things being equal, the white missionary the year before. Everywhere the keynote of the should work. himself out of a job. He must not convocation 'Forward with Christ and my hesitate to give responsibility to those most im- Brother' was sounded." Here the Indian clergy, mediately concerned, the Indians themselves, derepresented by such trusted leaders as Paul spite possible mistakes and failures. He must be Chekpa, Vine Deloria, Dallas Shaw and the Rouil- willing to trust God with the souls of people, lard brothers, voice the preeminent thoughts and whether they be clothed with red skins or not. aspirations of the assembled hundreds in worship, as expressed in faith in God, love for their fellow :. In the above somewhafcursory review it must men and courage for the future. be kept in mind that Indian participation is still somewhat sporadic and far from. being sufficient The Minnesota Chippewas also stress such an- or satisfactory. Great pressure is being brought nual gatherings as the summer convocation when to bear on Indian youth to enter other secular practically every locality and mission station is callings, especially from Governmental agencies represented, Rev. W. K. Boyle, archdeacon and and notably so in recent years. Progress in raisnative leader, being the forceful present-day ing up qualified Indian Christian leaders will conleader. On the Pacific Coast Region of the North- tinue to be slow unless missionaries with greater west the Nez Perces, Umatillas, Makahs, Spokanes earnestness continue to recruit, train and release and the Shoshones have for years conducted an- an increasingly large number of Indian workers for the evangelization of their own people. (See Frontispiece.)

Days in

By ELLEN H. BERGREN, Kermit Mission, Cassard, Virginia .nA .FTER completing my course in the Moody The meetings were well attended, but the peo- Bible Institute, and spending two years in ple did not seem to feel their need of salvation. Albany as pastor's assistant, I learned of The thought of "furrin" folks coming with new the great need in the mountains of the South and methods was something strange. To the moun- offered myself for service there. My best expecta- taineers preaching consisted in the loud singsong tion for a future home in the Appalachian Moun- exhortation of the so-called "Hard Shell" mountains was possibly a log hut, or a dug-out. I knew tain preacher. And women! They had never that I was apt to find myself in a place where star- heard of such a thing as women taking part in a vation and violence would be my lot. After much meeting. By way of introduction we visited every struggle I finally arrived in Bristol, Tennessee. home and gathered the children for a summer school. Rich indeed were the experiences encoun- I asked for a needy field, no matter how hard. tered. We spoke to the parents about sending In a few days, Rev. J. H. Little of Bristol took their children but one grandmother let us know his daughter, a singer, and myself to Appalachia, in no uncertain terms that she was not going to Virginia. On the way, near Big Stone Gap three let her grandson be injured by "book larnin." miles from Appalachia, the conductor aroused a Her only son was in the penitentiary at Richmond, drunken man whose destination was Big Stone and "If he had never known how to write enough Gap with the words, to forge a check," she said, he would be at home right now helping her. She was going to see that "Wake up! Where are you going?" his son escaped such a calamity.

"I'm going to hell," the man drawled out. Is it any wonder that ignorance prevailed, when "Well," said the conductor, "pay me ten cents ~he "Hard Shell" preachers fight it? One man more and get off at Appalachia." used this argument against learning: Mr. Little turned to me and said, "Is that "We'll say, here are two barrels; one is empty tough enough to suit you?" Such was my first and the other is jammed full of books. When the introduction to my new home! Lord wants to get in one of them barrels, and I axe you which one can He get into." During the following ten days, while Mr. Little held meetings, Miss Little and I did personal work The people will see the impossibility of the Lord in a little church, built by a former Christian getting into a heart that is full of learning. Sunsuperintendent in a near-by mine. After his death day schools seem to them a thing of Satan, and to the services were discontinued and the House of be preached against at every turn. It is a wonder God became a loafing place and gambling joint. that we had as many children in our Sunday The floor was carpeted with torn-up cards and schools those early days, as well as older ones who the windows were broken. flocked to our meetings.

First we gave this place a good scrubbing, many Many of the Primitive Baptists, or "Soft children and young folks helping to carry water, Shells," declare that they are not opposed to Sunsweep down cobwebs, and clean the few panes of day schools, but one of them remarked: "The glass remaining in the windows. Mr. and Miss Little and I had rooms in, the primitive hotel, young uns might just as well be in Sunday school which was kept by my future benefactors, the as in any other deviltry." The difference in Hales. In the lobby was a wooden sink, with a "Hard" and "Soft Shells" (or Primitives) is that bucket and dipper, for drinking and washing pur- the "Hard Shells" believe that only the "elect" are poses. Miss Little and I washed there, and, as saved, and God will see to them without any interthe roller towel had been much used, we used our ference from preachers. The sinner who is not handkerchiefs to wipe our hands. Mr. -Little face- "elect" cannot be saved, so that the preachers tiously remarked, "Well, ladies; hundreds have have no message for them. The Primitives believe wiped their hands on this towel and you are the that salvation is for all who will accept. Many fir,st ones to complain." have real revivals where people are saved. The [302 ]

• PIONEERING DAYS IN APPALACHIA

"Hard Shells" class believe in dreams and visions, mons arid others who do not believe in the Word as giving their call to the ministry of which many of God. They fear any deviation from the simple ludicrous instances are told. One preacher tells life. In some parts of the mountains are stretches how he heard three distinct "calls from heaven" of country sparsely settled, where there are no when he was going home from a meeting. He churches or schools. In one isolated section located the very place where each call was heard, lived an old woman who had been to church but with the words repeated three times: once as a child, and had not heard-or at least did "Lige, you go and preach the Gospel." not remember that she ever heard the Gospel Three young pranksters still laugh at their story. This woman told the missionary that she climbing up trees and calling out the "heavenly had not seen a preacher for thirty years. She had a Bible once, but lost it when she moved to Trou- blesome Bend. She could not read, but the book had been good to put under the pmow in sickness.

She wi,shed she had another. The missionary told her the story of the Lord Jesus, and when he came to His suffering and death, tears came to her eyes and she s,aid, "I reckon 'tain't true-let's hope it ain't."

When he finished with the resurrection story and the Great Commission to His disciples this darkened soul believed and walked miles to her scattered neighbors to tell them the story. She said: "How could I know all this and keep still?"

MISS BERGREN (at left) AND FELLOW-WORKERS When the missionary returned to Troublesome TWENTY YEARS AGO Bend, she had gone to be with her Lord but her command" to the future prophet as he passed faithful witnessing had turned many to the Lord.

their hiding places. Noone ever informed him Alone in Appalachia as to the truth. After one month of school, Miss Little returned These preachers are not required to know how home. We had about twenty children who wanted the school to continue, but a county school was to to read, or how to preach. Their belief is that the begin August 1st, so I decided to give my time to Lord will tell them what He wants them to speak. One of them remarked to a preacher who p~e­ pared his sermons, "Now brother, you are wrong preparing your text; the devil will look over your shoulder and read it too, and then go to your con- gregation and lock their hearts agin it; so it does them no good. When I preach, neither me nor the devil knows what I am going to say."

This ignorance still prevails in this class of preachers, who believe that a little whiskey helps them to preach with "spirit" and power, but there are, thank God, many true servants of Christ in the mountains, who are preaching the Word, so that many are saved under their ministry. There are also many true men of prayer among these people. One who prayed that God would remove A MINING CAMP IN THE APPALACHIANS a still from his neighborhood, and that very night a cloudburst drove a mighty wave against it and visiting and meetings. The old church had a bell, tore it down. God has not left the beautiful and I announced a meeting for each afternoon.

Southern mountains without His witness, even Night services were only possible when people though its ministers present the Gospel in ways brought lamps or lanterns. I invited the women peculiar to those who are accustomed to decorum out for afternoons and rang that bell, whose jerky in the House of God. tongue seemed to say, "Come and hear me talk!

The mountain people readily recognize a Come and hear me talk!" The women came, and preacher with wrong doctrine. A "no hell" professed conversion. Alas, they were only my preacher will not be received in any church, if converts, but I did personal work with the zeal of they know him as such; nor will they admit Mor- a Moody Institute student. When the newness of

my meetingS! had WQrn .off, the women lost their the Lord sent tWD yellQw dogs who drDve away the pigs and were fine protectors against other curiosity and the attendance waned. intruders.

One day, I noticed a woman whQ hardly took When my first helper came she remarked, when she was ushered into my first home in the mounher eyes .off me during the meeting. But after- tains: "Oh, how lovely! I thought you lived in a shack, and here is a chapel with four large winwards when I asked if she would accept the LDrd dows and a glass door."

as her Saviour, she shook her head and said, Miss Church was very happy with me, and a truer friend and helper I could nDt ask. This "No, but I want the pattern of that thar dress chapel, seating fifty persons, was often packed to .overflowing. Many ministers came here to preach you got on." . and true conversions were witnessed in this room. I learned a great lesson-not to try to force any- Only the Lord knows the many mistakes I made one to be saved, but to let the Spirit .of God work. Many of the children professed to accept the Lord during thDse early days. As there was nD .organ, as .their persQnal Saviour and even the smaller ones took part in .our early morning devotions by I used a guitar as accompaniment t.o .our singing. praying and testifying. Only the older children could read, and very few had books, so teaching I know now that it was a hindrance, as guitars, was a problem. Our "reader" was the New Tes- tament. It was a time of rich reward to see the banjos and fiddles were considered Satan's tools, development of their minds. Bible stories were part .of their daily lessons. As I told the story, being used by Negroes fQr dances. Never had they were to tell what lesson they could get from it for themselves. One girl, in telling the story of they heard of hymns being played on either. When Jacob and Rachel, said, "This lesson teaches us to always ask the Lord for sweethearts." my organ came, it was a wonder t.o all and the The following story of the loaves and fishes is guitar was not used for years. as it was retold by a boy: After I had been in Appalachia about three ~'One day a little boy went fishing and his mother had put up a little lunch for him. He saw m.onths, Mrs. Charles Hale was sent home from a a big crDwd on the hillside and he heard Jesus speak. After a while, Jesus asked if they had anytuberculosis sanitarium to die, and her husband thing to eat, but they hadn't. So the little boy brought his little lunch to Jesus. Jesus looked at asked me to come and care for her and their little it and said, 'There is mighty little .of it, but I will use it.' He broke the bread and little fishes, and ones. I could not believe that she had tuberculosis there was plenty for all. This lesson teaches that, if we give what we have to Jesus, He will let it but she said, feed many thousand." "Yes, I have it; I am g.oing to die and I want The st.ory of the triumphal entry was quaintly to be with my children to the end." written: "One day Jesus came from heaven to Jerusalem, on a borrowed mule, to be king. The I began to pray that God would reward this people didn't like Him, but the children did for they put flQwers on the rQad for the mule to walk family with the life of the m.other and as I nursed on, and sang a pretty song to Jesus. The other people got mad and said, 'Did yQU hear that?' her and cared for the little girls, I saw strength 'Yes.' 'Well, make them stop that noise.' 'No, I wDn't. If they would hush, the stones would return. God lengthened her life until her children holler.' This teaches us that we .shDuld sing, no matter who gets mad." were grown, when she died .of sunstroke. The story of the flood was told as follows: As I needed all the time for my work, I rented "God made Noah make a big boat to hold all the animals and people, but only eight people were an old storehDuse, and the .owners dug in the saved. The .others drowned because they would nDt listen, as the animals did. This teaches that mountainside eight feet for a living rODm which we should listen to good people always."

he divided intD a tiny kitchen and bedroDm. I fDund a brDken stove with .one leg, and supplied bricks for the others. The bedrDom had a cot, some chairs and a small table. Noone could feel richer than I, and nD one eQuId be happier. Little by little the walls .of my hDme were covered with pretty wallpa.per and the flDor with mDuntain rugs. My tiny kitchen acquired a small sink and table combined. The seats in the chapel were a combinatiDn of benches and school desks, and made so that a bDard at the back .of each seat cDuld be raised, forming a long table fQr school pur- poses. I had tWD large closed-in benches with immense drawers, wherein to bestow my go.ods, clothing and other things which came from friends of the work and which were sent fDr the pODrer people and the children, as well as for myself- things both to eat and to wear.

As the public school .only lasted three months, the need .of schooling was ,sad. This little chapel stood upon a hillside, the front being high above the road, while my floor in the dUgDut was on the ground. As cold weather came .on, the pigs came from the village and slept under the chapel.

Their noise and stench could nDt be endured, so

PIONEERING DAYS IN APPALACHIA

At the end of the six months, I offered a reward mmmg companies had built churches. In one for the most Bible stories they could repeat. One camp, one mile from Appalachia, we started a girl handed in forty from the Old and New Tes- Sunday school in an unfinished house and the first taments. year I had services in three places – Imboden, Preacher Creek, and Appalachia, making a walk Reciting verses was first on the program every of six miles every Sunday. morning. In six months the older children memorized fourteen chapters of the Bible and fifteen After two years, I thought that some people in Psalms, beside a verse each morning' at roll-call. Appalachia could carryon the Sunday school with I have the privilege now of teaching their children the help of preachers, so I decided to move to a in the Appalachia Daily Vacation Bible School; near-by community within walking distance, and in some cases, I have their grandchildren. open a school. I moved to what is now Andover, During the first year I was entirely alone and MY FIRST EASTER IN APPALACHIA it was a year rich in experiences. The customs were new and strange, but when one becomes rented a house and taught classes that met in the used to them, they no longer seem so quaint. In largest room. It was rather crowded, with thirty calling one day on an old lady, she asked first of children, but with the help of Miss Church, we all where I was from. got along by letting the children recite in the din- ing room. These dear children were religiously "Albany, N. Y.," I answered. inclined, and it was not long till all with two ex- "That's a right smart piece, ain't it? Come by ceptions, accepted the Lord. One morning, after train ?" our usual song and Bible period, I asked (feeling "Yes." a strong working of the Spirit) : "How old are you?" I gave some answer. "Children, shall we take up our arithmetic?" "Well, have you store teeth?" "No ma'am," all answered. "No." "Well, what shall we do then?" "Make your own dress?" "Let us pray," was the almost unanimous re- "No." sponse. "How much did it cost. Are you married?" Then those dear children began to pray for a "No." revival, which shortly came. God sent His true "Never been married?" servant, a rather unique old man, Mr. Bassett, "No." "Got any children?" "N0, I am not married." "Well, too bad, but you can be yet, I reckon. You are not so old looking." I asked if she was a Christian. "Law yes, honey, I was baptized a right smart while ago."

Then she asked me about my religious faith, and said she heard someone say I belonged to the Roman Catholics. When I denied this, she seemed to draw the conclusion that I belonged to some other strange cult. But when I told her that I believed the Bible from cover to cover, this seemed to satisfy her. Later, we became fast friendsa friendship which lasted until her death.

The first weeks in Appalachia will never be forgotten. Every Saturday night there were shootings or stabbings, and for several Saturday nights in succession someone was killed. A man was shot one Sunday morning while we were having Sunday school, and someone called out, "Silas is killed." Everyone in the church ran out, leaving me entirely alone.

The surrounding mining camps were much upon my heart as few had any Sunday school or religious service of any kind. Within a radius of ten miles there were only three camps in which the

who went wherever God sent him. During that with me. Her mother gave me daily the choicest milk, called "strippings," and when I told her not meeting, every home was touched, and I have yet to, she said, "The children like the plain milk without the cream, and since I give you milk and to see a place so stirred, in answer to the chil- butter, we never have to hunt our cow-she al- ways comes home." Cow-hunting was the most dren's prayers. . hopeless task we could imagine. All the mountains around us were pastures, and no one knew which From Andover, I moved to Blackwood, a mining way a cow would roam. I don't wonder that the Holy Spirit recorded Saul's mules lost and found, camp six miles away. By this time, three other as it was really a daily miracle to me that the children found the cows. Some cows would reworkers had come and they stayed at Andover spond to the call, "Sook, heifer," but many would not stir. until I could leave Blackwood in the hands of Miss In those early days, an amusing incident oc- Jennie Henry. Workers were also located at other curred in the mining camp where Miss McPhee- ters worked. She was a teacher who assisted mining camps-Stonega, Osaka, Roda, West Nor- (unremunerated) the public school teacher. While I was visiting her one day, a young minister asked ton, Sutherhind, Roaring Fork, Pardee, Inman, us to be witnesses to a marriage ceremony. The young man came in with a red bandana tied Imboden and Upper Imboden. As the camps around his neck, and on his head a hat which did not fit. The bride, who had not thought much opened for us, we had students come from Nyack about a wedding outfit, was a shy girl about eight- een or twenty. The minister plaeed a chair in Institute and Moody Bible Institute, until we have front of him in place of a marriage stool, and the groom thought this an invitation to sit down. had over one hundred workers at different times. When asked if he wanted a ring ceremony, the young man was at a loss and, turning to a boy Some were there only during vacation but others with him who wore a large gaudy ring, said, "Here, Sam, loan me your ring for a minute. I'll remained longer, and some are still in Virginia, give it right back."

though not in the camps. Miss Collins has lived When the minister asked: "John, will you take this woman to be your wedded wife?" he answered in one camp, Roda, for more than thirty years. lustily, "You bet." The minister turned to the After Miss Henry came to Blackwood I returned bride with a similar question but she could not speak, and said, "Uh huh." to Appalachia, where a new mission was being After the ceremony was over, the groom caught built. We moved into the unfinished rooms and hold of his wife's hand and started for the door when the boy with the ring said, "pay the different preachers came to hold services in the preacher." The groom turned and asked, "How much do you charge?" When told that he could chapel, part of which was completed. give what he wished, according to how much he thought of his wife, the groom smiled and said, It would read like a fairy tale, should I tell of "I sure do think a heap of her. Here is a quarter" -with the air of a millionaire. the many evidences of the Lord's care. Friends As time passed, our number of workers grew sent things to us, so that we never really lacked, until several camps were occupied and this work was called "The Appalachia Mining Camp Misthough at times our faith was tested. sion." We had no demands for reports which, personally, I had found superficial in my former While living in Preacher Creek, Miss Church work. But at our monthly workers' meetings, a secretary wrote down testimonies as to how the had typhoid fever, and the friends there were un- Lord had led and blessed – each one – also the trials and failures. These records are kept as retiring in their assistance. We seldom had to cook minders of God's faithfulness.

a meal, as everything was sent in already cooked. An Archdeacon of the Episcopal Church in Big Stone Gap, Dr. Lloyd, a fine Christian and a Our workers took turns in helping to nurse her, and it taxed everyone's strength, as she was bed- fast seventy-two days. It proved to us the un- tiring devotion of workers and people.

Preacher Creek was, in someways, different from the other places where I have lived. The revival there touched every home and made us all seem like a large loving family. All came to church and there seemed to be no division among the peo- pIe-all lived in harmony and love. Three orphan children came to live in my home. One little darling girl, Milford, would often beg me to adopt her, though she scarcely knew the meaning of the word.

"Why Milford," I would say, "your father and mother could not do without you."

"Oh, yes," she said, "they have Gertrude, and Maggie, and Edith, and two dead. They have enough."

"Well," I replied, "you have two dead you say, so you can't be ,spared."

"Oh," she said, "they were little boys. Mama never had much luck with boys."

She lived with me a long while and the dear memory lingers. She is now mother of a large family, to whom she tells about the time she lived

PIONEERING DAYS IN APPALACHIA

true missionary, invited our band of workers to monthly for conference and prayer so that we his home. He had a wonderful ancestry of for- often had thirty at our table for two days as they eign missionaries, and his son was a missionary could not return the same day on our little interin Japan. He assisted us in every way that he state train. These were times of rich blessings could. He had· already begun to place Episcopal and refreshment. deaconesses in a few needy places, but when he saw that the church dress was a hindrance, he The reports, which are very rich in experiences, show how wonderfully the Lord fulfils His prom- THE ~'IRST SUNDAY SCHOOL AT KERMIT ises. Some testimonies were quaint and mirthful, showing the crude initiation into the strange ways urged them to use ordinary clothing, which he did of camp life. Some workers learned quickly the also, except in his own church. .In this way he ways of our people but even at that there were won the love and esteem of all. some misunderstandings and mistakes.

Dr. and Mrs. Lloyd gave us a delightful time of Once I was asked to take a little girl eight years fellowship. When he asked me how we were sup- old. I went up to Roda Camp to see her and deported, I told him that I asked of each mine su- cided to adopt this little darling and gave her my perintendent for a rent-free house, electric lights mother's name, Elsa. After six months another and coal, but for salary the workers trusted the little g~rl was added to our family. She was one Lord, who always supplied our needs in wonder- of our Sunday school scholars, and after the ful ways. "How can you maintain love and har- funeral of her step-mother, the motherless little mony among them all on this basis?" he asked. one, Olive, ran up to the Mission and her father It never had occurred to me to look for trouble finally gave her to me. Two years later, I also ,along this line and I said, "Why, the ones who adopted her little sister so that my home was come here are willing to put up with some diffi- blessed with three little girls. They were dearly culties as their invitation to the work includes loved by all our workers. All three grew to sweet hardships, poverty, dirt, misunderstandings, and womanhood, and married.. It pays to invest in the winning of souls. In not one case has the chidren, and if my health ,allowed, I would gladly applicant been discouraged." open my home for more of God's little ones.

In all the years the Mining Camp Mission One day in school, the children were told to existed, there was little trouble among the work- write the full names of their parents. Little Olive ers. Of course, at times there were disagree- wrote, "My mama's name is Miss Ellen Bergren, ments, but our workers were most untiring and and my papa's name is Mr. James Skidmore." It never once was a reprimand necessary for neglect never occurred to her that anything could be of duty; instead, necessary lines were drawn to wrong with it. The teacher, who was also one of prevent their overdoing. our Sunday school teachers, handed me the slip laughing. Nursing was necessary and many nights were spent by sick beds. There is a mountain custom, Another time, during presidential election, all whenever anyone dies, for neighbors to sit up the children were having a mock election. When with the dead all night; in some cases they sing Olive's name was not among them, she was asked hymns. One of the few laws enforced was that, when tired out with the living, the workers must THE KERMIT CHURCH AND "PARSONAGE" let the people of the place "wake" with the dead. why she did not vote. "Well," she said, "I am As new mining camps opened for workers, our what mama is." family increased until fourteen camps were manned. From these our workers gathered "Well, what is that?" "I can't spell it but she is a perditionist (mean- ing prohibitionist)." The other children thought that must be all right if Olive's mother was that. A child asked Elsa one day where her father

was. She answered that she did not need any A little later a little boy was brought to the father. Mission. Next day he came down with the measles, and Nancy caught them too. Everything in the "Well," insisted the child, "who gets the 'vittles' Mission was new and strange to' Louis. He had for you?" never heard the name of Jesus except in swearing, and our Mission was like a new world to him. The "Oh," said Elsa, "we just pray and God sends little girls were his teachers, and we could often us all we need. We don't need any daddy." hear them say, "Louis, you must not say that, it isn't nice," or "Louis, Mama don't let anybody As this was a new way of support to this child, talk like that here." He learned the stO'ries in the she wanted to know more about it. So Elsa, hav- children's Bible and the little missionaries truly ing witnessed the almost numberless answers to began in virgin soil. Louis loved to sing and prayers both for food and clothing, spread the learned quickly. Like Faith, he used his own truth among her schoolmates about a life of de- words and tunes, and as he sat in a swing on the pendence on God. porch he would sing with all his might: There was nothing too hard for these children, Jesus is good, He wants all the people to come to Him and I often feared that their faith would have a and be good. severe test. But today, I cannot remember more than once when the waiting for an answer seemed The people don't want to come; no they want to be bad, to be so long that they would ask, "Why don't God poor little Jesus. answer? We have asked Him." They were told that God sometimes answers in the negative.

Out of their small weekly allowance the chil- The children often played Sunday school, and dren tithed faithfully. It was made a rule that Louis liked to be preacher. each unkind word was to cost the speaker a penny. This started a turn for the better as it put an end Other children were brought to the Mission, but to petty quarreling. with the work of the mining camps and incoming workers to place, we could not keep them all. For One day Olive came to me very much wrought a time we had seven and a worker volunteered to up, and 'said, "Mama, I've got to lose some money. be their teacher. I have to tell Elsa a few things." She told me the trouble and that was the last I heard of it. Per- In my earliest years in Appalachia, I had many haps she did not feel that the few words she would opportunities to visit other oommunities and assay would be worth the loss of her pennies. sist in meetings. With a little baby organ (a great wonder to many) I led the singing, and When little Faith was five years old, she began many were helped to trust in GO'd for their salto go to the chapel part of the Mission, and con- vation, rather than trust in good deeds, good feelduct services alone. It was touching to listen as ings, in something imaginary, such as a vision of she prayed, gave out hymns, and sang lustily to light or hearing some voke, or in emotion created an improvised accompaniment of her own. Her by a song. These are often accepted as tokens of keen musical ear would not allow any discord, and the New Birth, without the person knowing anyat six she had made up several compositions en- thing of God's promises and the way of life in tirely herself. The older girls taught her some Christ. The greater number of backslidings can easy tunes and to these she put her own words. be traced to the lack of knowledge of the Bible. One, which she was always asked to play for visitor,s, ran like this: The first mission building soon became too small for our large family, so, little by little, the Jesus comes; Jesus goes. addition of rooms began. The last was built when When He comes He stays a little while; it seemed best to put the growing work in the caore When He comes, He goes. of stronger hands.

One day a little girl of six was left on,our front Everything was clear to both parties. The understanding was that these four rooms were to porch aWndhewnasw, etolfdoutnod stay there until someone be built for me, as the first money of $500 was came. her there, she said that given for a rent-free home, so the givers would still wish to have it so. They would not hear to she had come to Istay with Miss Bergren." She was any other arrangement, and the gentleman with whom I dealt said that there would be no trouble. a robust little one and said that she could work So we began building the rooms, but, alas, when we were half finished a letter came from his well, and that at Elly's she did "every lick of headquarters that I must sign over the whole without any clause as to my reservation of rooms. work." I asked why Elly did not work and she The readjustments came asa remarkable answer to prayer s.o that the work then continued until answered, "Oh, she was sick and lazy till she died." regular minis,ters and nurses were stationed in We tried to find out who Elly was, but no one knew; we only learned that Jim brought the child to us and told her to stay. We could not find out who either Jim or Elly were. So the child re- mained. All she knew was that her own name was Nancy.

PIONEERING DAYS IN APPALACHIA

the mining camps. The spiritual workers left the lamps were ruined, chairs were broken, and all field and so-clalled trained social workers replaced was in a pitiable condition. It seemed impossible the Gospel with classes for domestic science, to bring back the former life. nursing, and other good projects that are still not up to the highest standard of a missionary who One day, in late summer, I stood on our front seeks to lead souls to God. porch. I was tired and worried, and my heart cried out: "0 God, take me away from here. I When it se~med wise to leave the Mining Camp can't do any more here, my people love excitement work we moved to Kermit, Virginia, where we more than reality, and some other place needs us built a house and chapel used for school and more." An answer came so real as to be nearly church work. Since a county s,chool has been audible: "Child, do you want to leave now? I built here, the chapel is used for church services have none to stand in The Gap for me. They have only. It was a needy place, seven miles from any not gone back on you but on Me. Will you still other chur·ches and schools to which no one could go away?" walk on the impossible clay roads in the winter. It was sad to leave so many wonderful friends I fell down on my knees, crying out, "0 my behind in Appalachia but as churches of three Lord, if you wish me to stay here, I will never denominations were there it seemed right to go again ask to be moved. I am ready to stand in where there were none. The Gap if it is Thy will, as long as I live."

The first years· here were constructive in the As a shower refreshes the parched earth, so like beginnings of many kinds of classes for grown- a miracle God began to move. The preacher got ups as well as children. A tabernacle was built In trouble with a member of his former followers, in a shady place where services were held in sum- and the church in an adjoining community asked mer, and little rustic cabins were built for classes. him to resign. A shame-faced people came back In all the schools conducted by our workets the to Kermit church, and in a most miraculous way, Bible has a large place, and hundreds of verses things began to be normal again. have been committed to memory by the children. There were very few Sundays. when we did not About two years after this experience, when have from one to three preaching services-morn- some had forgotten that this preacher was still ing, after Sunday school, afternoon and at night. abroad, reports came that he was in jail. One day there was a knock on the door and there stood An unknown preacher, who had had a marvel- the same man. I cried to God for wisdom to ous success in his last revival in a neighboring handle the situation. Then I told him plainly community, came to hold revival services in Ker- that he had stirred up confusion, and scattered mit and filled the church to overflowing every our people to such an extent that some were night. He swayed the people with a hypnotic worse than ever before. He wanted to gather the power, and all our folks were converted over people in Kermit, so as to draw the members from again. Then he wanted to build a church, but as Cowan's Branch (the church in the next commulong as he could have the church free, the people nity where they asked him to resign). But since decided not to build. For six months or more, his motives were wrong I could not allow him to they followed him wherever he preached, going preach anymore. in trucks to distant places. Religiously, Kermit was ruined. Noone knows the anguish we en- I have only touched the borders of the years. dured during this time. It seemed that everybody A veil has been drawn over many sad experiences, was running after the man except a few who did and I have touched only a few of the many which not believe in him or his ways. have been true miracles. May the work go on and on in different ways and places, doing the The large crowds had caused much damage to true s'ervice through many of our missionaries the church building which had settled over six who are claiming the promise that they will bring inches so that every window was tilting. Our forth fruit even in old age. May the Lord who pipeless furnace had to be cut off several inches has done so much for this work in these thirty-six as the register projected above the floor. The years still carry on the work after He has called us. Home.

A Christian Philasapy far Rural Wark*

By FRANK w. PRICE, Nanking, China Head of Department of the Rural Church, Nanking Theological Seminary A PHILOSOPHY of Christian rural work is villages in the rural community. Governments now needed. Interest in rural reconstruc- are meeting some of these needs; non-Christian tion and the betterment of rural life is ris- agencies are meeting others. But unmet needs ing like a. mighty tide all over the world. The are legion. The Christian group should study its Christian Church is aware of its opportunity and community, select the greatest needs, and do what responsibility in meeting the needs of the "rural it can to meet them through promotion of good billion," especially in less privileged lands. Gov- causes, pioneering in new fields, holding up Chris- ernment and social agencies are promoting large': tian aims and ideals in social change, or through scale programs. What should the Church do that the leadership which the church contributes. It will be unique and fruitful? should seek, above all, to meet the deeper moral Many Christian missionary institutions are add- and spiritual needs of individuals and in society.

ing departments of rural service and are begin- 3. We must see the rural man or woman as a ning new rural experiments. Small groups of complete personality; we must see village life as Christians are answering calls of need from rural a whole. In the words of the Jerusalem declara- areas. Special types of training are given to those tion: "Man is a unity, and his spiritual life is preparing for rural service. In some countries indivisibly rooted in all his conditions, physical, governments are looking to Christian organiza- mental and social." The Christian Church should tions for special assistance. Agricultural missions reach men, women and children and seek to in- and the rural church are an essential part of the fluence them in all their family and social rela- world Christian movement. Christian individuals ti.ons. We want to make better citizens, citizens and groups must have a clear vision of aims, defi- of the community and of the nation, Christian nite guiding principles, a firm underlying phi- citizens. The various aspects of rural service losophy of Christian rural service, and a faith in must be integrated so that the whole life of the their cause, if the Christian Church is to make community is improved. Rural Christian leaders any distinctive contribution to the remaking of should see more clearly the relation between the village life in harmony with Christ's ideals in the many factors in rural betterment – health im- twentieth century. provement, higher standards of living, richer in- Ten guiding principles must be vital elements tellectual life, better community organization, the of this philosophy. These may stimulate thought development of stronger character and more un- among Christian rural workers, especially in the selfish leadership, and more vital Christian ex- lands of the younger churches. perience, because they see each person as a whole 1. We should be openly Christian. Christians and rural life as a whole. Our task is to arouse or groups of Christians engaging in rural service the desire and the will for a better life, and to should be openly and fearlessly Christian. As show the way to wholeness of life-in the Chris- Christians we have a distinctive faith and mission tian sense, salvation.

and our work should reveal a distinctive spirit of 4. We should attempt a limited program of high a fellowship and a unique power because of their quality. The program which a Christian group allegiance to Christ and His cause. We should not or a church in a rural community should attempt hesitate to express our Christian purpos.e, to seek will be determined by the leadership and member- opportunities for witnessing to our faith and ex- ship available; by the method of organization and perience, and to work unreservedly for the build- financial resources, by the opportunities presented ing up of a Christian fellowship in the community. for service, and by the faith and spirit of the 2. We should help to rr/,eet rural needs. The group. The aim should be to work intensively Christian gIloup should be seriously concerned rather than extensively. It is better to become with the needs of individuals, of families, and of intimately acquainted with one small rural com- • From a paper Issued by the Agricultural Missions Foundation, munity of fifty to a hundred villages and to do a Inc., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. fruitful and lasting work than to spread in a [310 ] superficial way over many hundreds or thousands 7. We should make large use of local resources. of villages. Good, intensive work, done intelli- The ordinary Christian institution or group cangently and effectively, will be in the eD.d the best not command the financial resources which govkind of extensive work. We should aim at quality ernments and some non-official .agencies can comrather than quantity of service. We must resist mand. The Christian group must make large use the temptation to promote the kind of work that of local resources and develop local initiative and can be "shown off" to visitors.. We must see the leadership as much as possible. The village peovalue of little things well done and of unpreten- ple themselves must have a large and growing tious service with results that may not be imme- part in the working out of local programs. Any diately apparent but that are of lasting value. No help from outside should be used to stimulate and matter how limited the area of work or how simple encourage local planning and effort. Only thus the program, we should combine scientific knowl- can the rural church hope to become rooted in the edge, the best educational methods, and Christian rural community. devotion and sacrifice in realizing our aim of essentially good and permanent work. 8. We should cooperate as much as possible with other agencies and groups. Churches and all 5. We should go into the villages and live among Christian groups should cooperate in every way the people. Christian rural workers should con- possible with government and other agencies tinually go among the people and not wait for working for rural welfare, but must not sacrifice them to come to the workers and their institutions. or compromise their Christian faith and prin- Christian work in a rural community must be ciples. Following the inspiring example of Bishop deeply rooted in homes and village groups. The Grundtwig of Denmark, the Church should help central institution, service center or church build- the government to "revive the national spirit" by ing may be a me"eting place, training school or teaching Christian ideals of patriotism and by house of worship, but it should draw p€ople out building up the morale of the people. Where other of their homes and villages only to send them back organizations in the community are meeting a to serve and to transform their homes and their need, we may cooperate or support their work; communities. We must go "deep into the villages" where a vital need is not being met, we may help (to use the Chinese phrase); spend days and to arouse government attention or community innights in the villages, live among the rural people, terest and to organize the people to help themshare their joys and their sorrows, sacrifice and selves; frequently we may introduce outside agenendure with them. The ordinary rural worker cies and institutions for rural betterment to the will not do this, or he will attempt it for a short local community or bring groups in the commuperiod and then want to return to the more com- nity in touch with outside agencies which might fortable life of the market-town, the county seat assist them. We should do all in our power to deor the metropolitan center. The constant tempta- velop a community spirit, and community cooperation is to do rural work from an office or by occa- tion. At the same time, we must stand upon sional trips into the villages. Followers of Christ, Christian ground and never deny our Christian our Master, should be willing not only to go among purpose and principles. the rural people but to stay among them. If we can do this, we shall have an assured place in the 9. We should constantly stress the moral basis remaking of rural life. of rural reconstruction which is hindered by powerful forces of selfishness and greed. The 6. We should stress personal relationships and Christian group should be united and daring in small group organizations. What is the Chris- its opposition to all evils which it sees in individtian approach to the villages? First of all, through ual and community life. It should openly proclaim genuine friendship; then through unselfish forms Christian teachings in the face of any wrong and of service, and finally but exceedingly important, injustice even though such a stand may cost perthrough the organization of small, voluntary, co- secution and suffering. It should strive continoperating groups. These groups should aim to ually to strengthen and to organize effectively pubmeet some definite need of the group itself or of lic opinion and common effort against community community life. They should be self-helping and evils and against all forces in and out of the comself-directing from the beginning with such inti- munity which are hindering the fullest developmate and expert counsel and training from the ment of community life. It should preserve and outside as may be available. They' should not be strengthen the best traditions and customs in the mere formal organizations but should be warm villages and build upon the worthy spiritual elewith the spirit of friendship and should give a ments in the cultural inheritance of .the people. broader and deeper meaning to those p€rsonal re- It should call the rural communities to moral and lationships in family and social life which are spiritual life and ideals as well as to material adessential to the preservation of rural society. vance and, through the teaching and the power of

Christ, seek to regenerate as well as to recon- tribute something vital and unique to all the rural struct the lives of rural peoples. reconstruction in the community.

10. We should build up the church, which is the We look forward to the day when there will be permanent ex;pression of the Christian faith and in every rural community throughout the world a spirit in rural rebuilding. Hence we seek to bring strong rural Christian Church, deeply rooted in together in group worship, group study, group rural culture, serving community needs and transfellowship and group service, all Christians and forming community life, united in prayer and in all seekers. for Christian truth in the rural com- fellowsMp, teaching a real love of country and munity. The guiding, teaching and building up releasing the spiritual possibilities of the villages, of such a group becomes an essential task in Chris- indigenous but also vitally connected with the tian rural work. It is not enough to live and to Church of Christ-historic and universal. In a serve as Christians in rural communities; we fellowship of rural churches around the world, a must also find and win comrades in the Christian fellowship of Christian farmers and their famfaith and life and bind these together into a strong ilies, a brotherhood of men and women who are brotherhood. Ministers and lay workers must be helping to feed and to clothe the world and who found and trained to serve in such a church. A worship God and serve His Son, the Galilean Carchurch-centered program; broadly conceived and penter-Farmer, lies one of the greatest hopes of wisely carried out, will not divide the rural neigh- world peace. We must build up the rural church borhood but will help to unite it, and will con- in all lands, among ,all peoples.

The New Urgency in the Congo* -'I~I========~B~Y~R~E~V~.~M~O~TT==E==M~A~R~T~IN========~II~ DR. JOHN R. MOTT, after personal investi- ance of those thus studying our Bible is about gation, has declared that a dollar goes fur- 40,00.0 pupils! Hundreds and hundreds of our ther and accomplishes more in Africa than converts are coming out of these schools yearly, in any other field which he has visited-and he and as we wish to have a "self-supporting, selfhas visited them all! Of all the fields I know, governing, and self-propagating Church," this is. there is none more seriously menaced and which our hope for deacons and elders and pastors, for so urgently demands your sacrificial interest and all such must be intelligent and have clerical abilprayers as the Congo! ity to qualify.

The Southern Presbyterian mission during the The theological seminary at Mutoto is the first five years of this last decade (1928-1932) largest in the Southern Presbyterian Church, with received into the communion 9,455 carefully in- the snudents all married, thus giving the wives an structed and probation-tested converts-but dur- opportunity for special training, and through reing the last five years (1933-1937) received 19,205 quired plantations and gardens able to be largely communicants! Note the astounding rate of in- self-supporting. All must teach the village (or crease-and know that we have over 35,000 now "bush") schools; they must speak some French under preparation, already enrolled in the cate- to pass government inspection; they must know chumen clas·ses, also being tested. Open doors how to lead and instruct their congregations in wide open-thronged with needy supplicants beg- singing; they must be adepts as soul-winners; as ging to be taught! Over 2,000 preaching points well as able expositors of God's Holy Word. All daily trying to tell of the Way, the Truth and the applicants must have had their station (high Life – with yet hundreds of other villages and school) diploma of nine years schooling as a pregroups still on our waiting list begging and plead- requisite for entrance! ing for teachers. The mission:s medical work is also indispen- In addition to direct evangelistic work, we are sable, in that it breaks up inherited superstitions cooperating with the Colonial Government in their of the Voodoo and of animism; it continually wins nine-year educational program which permits us the loyalty of entire villages; and affords countto use. the Bible throughout. The average attend- less opportunities for personal soul-winning. The five hospitals have over 300,000 native visits • Reprinted from Th,e Chffi8tian 01/8eTWr.

THE NEW URGENCY IN THE CONGO

yearly; they perform hundreds of operations; if you had to care for large expansion and incare for all epidemics and scourges; besides car- creased needs? ing for over 2,000 lepers. The health of the missionaries and of our thousands of workers is de- Belgium has, launched a new educational propendent upon them and answered prayers; and gram for the Congo, which provides for nine years neither priest nor pauper ever calls upon them in of education, but sub.divided into three-year perivain. ods. For the first three-year period, the law looks forward to the establishing of little chapel-schools The mission is now attempting to minister to in every small community or tribal group, and the over 45,000 communicants, all of whom were not law further provides that any cult or confession, only received into the church after long instruc- whose teachers are qualified to teach the first tion and probation, but are statedly tested and three-year part of their curriculum, shall have the approved at each communion season, as to whether full protection of their laws; and furthermore, they are "doers of the doctrine." Using the old that the people of that group or village shall be Scotch "token" system, we give a ticket only to protected in their choice of such religious teacher. those whose lives are dedicated and obedient to Even previous to the promulgation of this law, Him. every station had scores and hundreds of such vil- lages on their "waiting lists," for whom we had "How then," you may ask with others, "can it no money in our budget nor prepared "preacherbe true that our mission is seriously menaced, as teachers" well enough trained for such positions. was stated in the opening paragraph of this letter?" The answer is that the mission is both The priests and nuns, who are now encountered under-staffed and under-financed! The average everywhere, have made the situation far more age of the present missionary group is past fifty, acute still, for on arriving in a village where no without any younger men being trained to take Protestant work is manifest, they call the village our places, and with an actual decrease in num- head men, demanding in the name of the law that bers. More pertinently, the mission has succeeded all the children be turned over to them for inand expanded, so that at least twenty more work- struction. The people, loyal to us whom they have ers are needed to maintain the previous degree of learned to love, protest that they are Protestants, efficiency. Among other extensions the mission and that they are looking to us 'and our Church has been forced to open up two more stations for instruction. So the priest departs, threaten- (there are seven now), thus withdrawing mis- ing that when he returns some weeks hence to find sionaries from already over-worked stations to that no Protestant teacher has been installed, he man the new ones. The scattered 'Tillage groups will establish his own school and chapel, or else which we control have increased from 1,100 indict the chief for lying and obstructing the (1928) to over 2,000 now, and we must visit and colonial Program by leaving his children uneducare for these regularly. Every department of cated. Alarmed, distressed, the chief and his peoour work has been enlarged, improved, extended, ple, scorning inconvenience or season, rush into increased in our attempt to hold our own; so that the mission station demanding the teacher for each missionary has far more tasks than either whom they have, awaited so long. Alas, and alas! his health, or the good of the work, can justify. Our little remnant of a budget has already been stretched beyond the breaking point, we can do As to financial support-the peril is even more nothing. So the priest enters, propaganda begins grave, but I trust not more hopeless! The facts against the heretic foreigners, gifts and school speak for themselves, for we have less than one- supplies are lavishly given, and even threats and half of our previous budget, and just a little more blows and unbelievable ruthlessness are employed than one-third. The actual figures in Belgian to prevent the people from visiting us or hearing francs, the currency of Congo, are as follows: the Gospel message. Before the depression the American Church gave us $65,212 which dropped to $25,000 during the Nevertheles,s, the people are remaining loyal to depression. Simultaneously, the exchange rate the Evangelical mission, and many are enduring fell from thirty-five and one-half francs per dollar great sacrifice and poverty and suffering in those to twenty and one-half francs, so that the actual places where we do not desert them. But in the amount in francs dropped from 2,315,026 francs rapidly growing number of those villages which before the depression to 512,500 francs-less than we cannot "occupy," the priests are locking and one-fourth of what we needed! This lowest figure barring the doors, against us and religious freehas been raised little by little until, with the ad- dom, so that in areas dominated by the priests for dition of two new stations, we now receive francs ten years, the children have even hooted the pass- 861,097 ($29,693 at 29 francs to the dollar). If ing missionary, an almost unheard of rudeness for your church budget, or your business, or house- the native Congolese. My conviction is that if keeping budget, were suddenly to be cut down to our Church does not awaken and soon, God will one-third, how would you get along, especially not hold open the doors another ten years.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I~

I Effective Ways of Working Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MISS GRACE W. MCGAVRAN, 5718 OAK AVE•• INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA Do Personal Work with Christian teaching and fel- magazine is not suitable for a lowship those people have. With boy in reform school, is it suit- A state Communist leader once able on your own library table? came to talk to a group who at the pastor and his wife, go sevthe time included members of eral other members of a town *** the national staff of a Missions congregation to "help with the and Christian Education Board. singing," to give an increased In one of our smaller cities sense of fellowship, to make a lives a young woman with a love I remember clearly his state- hard trip easier. of music and ability as a direcment that a member of the party tor of singing. The paid music in good standing, working full There are services within leadership of her own church time at a job, was required to reach of most of us, where our leaves no room for her to use give four full evenings a week lJresence might mean the differ- that ability, but she does not find to Communist activities, meet- ence between success and failure. that any excuse for leaving her ings., propaganda, or other work Search out one such piece of talent unused. She found that for the party. Christian work and give an eve- a group of children in a mission ning a week to it. It will in- church in the same city were At the time it struck me that crease your worth to your own eager for a children's choir and if Christian church membershilp church. It will encourage your one evening a week finds her involved that, our active mem- worker-in-charge. It will carry busy training her sweet-voiced bership would hardly be worth forward the missionary task of group. Sunday evenings they counting. And yet-would it not your church. form the choir for the service of be a minority as effective in the church. Anyone who has its contagion as Communism? *** had much to do with a choir More so, because of its s.piritual knows the number of hours she life, light and reality! Over in Boston lives a mis- must put in outside of timesl of sionary woman, retired from In- actual contact with the children; There are people who are giv- dia.. She is hard of hearing and planning their work, choosing ing such service for Christ's music suitable for various occacause. If we note some of them, the possibilities of active service sions, solving problems. She is it may help suggest some ave- semed at an end. Yet she pluck- doing far more than training a nues of personal service for our- children's choir. She is leading selves – personal missionary ily undertook to learn to write a group of underprivileged chilservice. dren along a path of beauty; she Braille. With painstaking care is enlisting and developing their North of Sault Ste. Marie, On- she has worked at translating abilities fOir Christian service, tario, Canada, runs a gravelled she is giving them a warm, vital road due north. Twenty-five into the familiar Hindi of the contact with her own Christian miles out it ends. From there to field of her labors, stories being personali ty. Hudson Bay there is nothing. It used in Christian education. is still pioneer country up there. Then with meticulous care she There are children from coast The "bush," which has grown has pricked into the raised dots up after logging, is forest again the story or the Bible pass1age or to coast, from northern border and here and there iSi a little log to south, who are crying out for cabin. Small farms are being mess·age for the blind to read. cleared. Russian, Finn, French, Hindi Braille! Her days of serv- Christian leadership. Children English stnck-they are pushing ice over? Retired? She is open- in city, in village, in country and the wilderness back. Along that ing the eyes of the blind as mountains, needing a contact, if road every Thursday evening, only once a week, to guide their while the road is not blocked surely as she did in the days of activities along worthwhile lines with snow, there goes the cir- her medical service in India. and to give them definite contact cuit pasitor and his wife, to hold with Christian personality. You a service for all who will come There are services you can can render vital service if you to the tiny chapel in a little set- render in preparing materials are willing to give an evening or tlement. It is the only contact for use in mission fields at home two a week to it. and abroad. There is that ever- present implement-the needle. There is the hammer and the paint brush and the saw. There are books to be collected, maga- zines to be gathered for use in prisons. And by the way, if a [ 314 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

What, you say, has local To feed these children at the move out. The woman telling about it, said that she and her church work to do with mis- Center one nourishing lunch a family were utterly ashamed of belonging to a community which sions? Who said local church day, the churches of the county could do such a thing. She spoke very feelingly about the sense work? Whenever you step out -one church each week-under- of contrition which comes to one in the face of circumstances like of your own local church en- took to collect what was needed. that.

vironment, to go to the aid of a But at this point came a fail- First, let us rej oice in the growing number of people who group not able to provide its , ure which, to the visitor, seemed have a deep sense of shame and contrition at the possibility of own leadership, you are in a rather embittering. In spite of such action.

sense engaging in missionary ac- all the wealth and all the power- Second, let us see what we can do about it. There is a tivity. We have left too much ful modern automobiles owned deeper problem than that of bringing 'Public opinion to bear home missions work to the over- in those churches, not one per- upon the agent and the dwellers in that apartment house. The worked members of our home son could be found willing to de- editor of these pages was aching to ask in that conference, how missions s,taffs. Too many of liver thoee supplies to the Cen- many persons there pres,ent had ever entertained a Negro person us fail to see, that beyond our ter. After a week of exhausting as a guest in their homes.

financial support of home and work, heartbreaking in some of For after all, there lies the root of that particular trouble. foreign missions which provides its revelations, those three girls To entertain a Negro guest wa's such an unusual thing in that the continuity of work and had to collect and carry to the community that when an apart- ment house dweller attempted it, workers, we s,till owe the gift Center, unload and store away, she had to give up her apart- ment. The next step for all that is more difficult to make— all the food supplies for the fol- those who feel contrition, is to make the entertaining of Negro the gift of our own time and lowing week. guests such a common observ- ance in their neighborhood that talents in direct personal serv- Can you not imagine the it will cease to draw attention ice. When we render such serv- women of those churches saying and to cause unfavorable comice, we grow in understanding as too many of us say on similar ment. and in power. We speak with occasions, "We've collected the authority as we seek to enlist the things needed. It seems that There are few of us who can members of our local church in the least they can do is to come make our voices heard in breaka deep concern for the work of after them!" It would have been ing down racial prejudice. But the church at home and abroad. a little thing to those church peo- as has been the case since time began, What you do speaks Our cause is not to be com- ple, taking long drives to cool louder than what you say.

pared with the Communist cause. off in the hot summer evenings, Why not plan during this next year to take a person of an un- Shall we, then, give it a lesser to load the car and drive in the accepted racial minority in your community to at least one of devotion? direction of the Center. A heavy your miss,ionary meetings as a guest. That is one of the easiest Give Full Measure – burden they put upon those tired steps, for there at least you find workers by their failure to do so. some persons theoretically if Running Over! not in actual practice believing Many of us will be involved in in racial equality.

A visitor to a Christian Cen- projects of one sort and another, Why not have as a dinner ter' in Ohio, where children of collecting that which we would guest at least once, the most inmigrant onion – field workers share, and getting it to those teresting person of another race were being kept and cared for with whom it is to be shared. whom you can secure. Make it during the day, found three In planning such enterprises, a real occasion. Invite your let us remember that full meas- guest because of a common inyoung .women doing a tremen- ure – running over – involves terest, or because of some dous piece of work. Faced with finishing u~ the project our- accomplishment along lines inappalling need on every side they were reaching out to the selves" not leaving part of it to full limit of their time and weary workers who are glad to strength to bring health and have our gifts to distribute but Christian teaching – the touch whose joy would be the greater of it that was possible – to as to have full measure of help.

many children as they could in Creating Public Opinion the weeks during which the Cen- ter was maintained. At a recent conference on Children, utterly worn out missionary education in Chi- with the attempt to sleep on cago, one woman got up and told hard boards in bare shacks with about an experience a friend of no netting to keep out the hordes hers had. The friend, a lover of of mosquitoes, were put to bed music, had invited one of the under mosquito-netting on a mat most famous, singers of today, a in the grass, and were allowed Negro woman, to be her guest at to sleep as long as they would. dinner in her apartment in a Children suffering from the ail- northern city. The other occu- ments that come from lack of pants of the apartment house food, no milk, and few of the had combined to force the agent nutritive elements needed, were to refuse to re-lease her the served a hot lunch at noon. apartment. The friend had to

teresting to some member of for following an address. Can during the address, questions, your family, or because the one we do anything about it? small or great which occurred invited is a stranger in this We certainly can. In the first to them. These were collected country, or because you are' place we can recognize the fact at the close and given to the working together on a commit- that most subjects presented by speaker. As they were answered tee and want to spend the eve- most speakers do not stimulate by her, other questions began to ning working together. The discussion. Unless we are sure be hastily written and passed invitation must rise out of a real that discussion will be stimu- forward. The question period desire to have that person in the lated, we should not plan for it had to be brought forcibly to a midst of your family and must or announce it. It is often a lazy close. Another method is pribe a happy experience for all in- idea on our part, for by it we vately to ask several clear-thinkvolved. have avoided having to build up ers among the listeners to jot Why not have as your house the program in line with the down questions during the adguest at summer camp someone speaker's theme. First then, do dress or presentation, and to be of another race? Students in not plan for discussion unless ready to ask them. It stimulates this country might find that a you are sure it will be spon- attentive listening to do this and real experience. A boy inter- taneous and valuable. if the group is merely shy about ested in the same hobby as your In the second place, there is starting questions a number of son's might bring more than questions like this to begin with pleasure in doing things to- the subject or address or speaker often sets things off to a good gether. which should stimulate discus- start. Still another and very sion under ordinary circum- good way is to have, either in Why not help your young peo- stances. Plan for discussion in the preceding open meeting or in the officer's meeting a preple to take with them to summer that case and announce it. But discussion of the speaker's be alert. If the speaker fails to theme. Some definite things the conference as a member of their group would like to find out may own group, some young person stimulate discussion, if the ad- be determined and thus quesof another race or nation whose dress has a tone such that its tions prepared. Or for those own church will not be sending message will be lost if followed who read a great deal, stimua group and who would be lonely by discussion, if circumstances lating questions regarding the going just as an individual? prove such that the audience point of view of some author cannot enjoy spontaneous dis- who writes on the subject may It is through the doing of cussion, if the majority will not be proposed. Avoid like poison these things that you are really want discuss,ion although a few the trite and banal question. creating public opinion. To are eager for it, rise gracefully There is nothing sends a speaker make the desirable so common into a fatal "spin" more easny in actual experience that it will to the occasion with a statement than a question like, "Do they be "the thing to do," will be which reverses the proposed pro- eat with their fingers?" after more effective in creating a gram arrangement. For in- she has p,resented a picture of friendly world than any amount stance, "We had planned for dis- the terrific problems faced by of mere talking about it. cussion, but I think we all agree the women of India in emerging that we s,hould prefer to close on from centuries of ignorance, Best Use of Question Periods superstition and binding custom. the note Miss Jones has sounded. Third then, where discussion is Who has not been at some Some of us will want to talk to legitimately planned, decide defimeeting or other upon whose her further,' quite informally nitely on the way in which quesprogram appears "Address, by tions are to rise and make some So-and-So" followed immediately after our meeting." Or, "Miss suggestion as to the type of below by that fatal line, "Discus- Jones has answered in a remark- questions which will be helpful. sion." The pres,iding officer able way the questions we had Bring questions or discussions rises, bright-faced, and turning thought of asking. Suppose we to a prompt close when time is on her charm like a lamp, pro- just omit the discussion period up or when desire for further poses, "Now I am sure we all questioning seems about to lag. have many questions we want to and have an informal chat with It is a good principle in question ask Miss Jones." Dead silence. her after we close." Second, "I have one myself," seys the then, be alert to eliminate a dis- periods, as in recreation, to stop officer smiling. One wonders cussion or question period you how much of the period of the short just before people are address she spent in trying to had planned but which you come formulate it! Miss Jones an- to feel will not be wise or effec- ready to quit. swers it with enthusiasm. Dead silence again. tive. Question and discussion peri- The "Discussion" on this pro- In the third place, develop a ods rightly used are excellent. gram was a flat failure. It technique for drawing questions. An interdenominational confer- ence of children's w 0 r k e rs, where each was a stranger to the other, had a most lively question couldn't have been worse. Yet period. At the outset of the You can become more expert in that is exactly what happens presentation the group listening using them helpfully if you study ninety-nine times out of a hun- was asked to keep paper and the reasons for your success or dred when questions are called pencil in hand and to jot down failure and try again. BULLETIN Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

~,==================~ TAMBARAM SPEAKS FOR for action to an ecumenical con- that the pulse of the Christian ference, those delegates hold in Church is to be found in the HOME MISSIONS their hands the deciding votes throbbing life of its evangelistic By REV. HILDA L. IVES that can establish their inter- fervor. Here is the test of the The third International Mis- pretations of spiritual truth and reality of the Christian religion. sionary Council which met at that can express their spiritual Any church or any individual Tambaram, India, in December, ideals in Christ. I do not know Christian who lacks missionary 1938, made history. For the that there was any time at Tam- zeal is as a burnt-out coal on the first time in the record of ecu- baram when the colored dele- altar of the Living God, for a menical religious councils the gates as a whole were in opposi- transforming religious experimajority of the appointed dele- tion to the white delegates or ence brings the propulsive love gates were representatives of when the representatives of the and power of the Living Christ the colored races. To be exact, younger churches were in dis- and with this inflow of the Holy there were eight more colored agreement with the delegates of Spirit comes a sense of Divine delegates than there were white the older churches. But if acute Mission. In the words of the delegates. This fact has far- differences had existed, victory Tambaram findings, "There is a reaching implications for the was always possible for the sure indication that evangelism missionary cause. In the first younger churches. Such decid- is not due merely to the zeal of place, it means that the Chris- ing power will be increasingly Christian people, but rather is tian Church is now so deeply in the hands of the colored races the outcome of a Divine initiarooted throughout the world in the years to come. tive. The task can never be that it has taken on the sem- In the third place, this world- achieved wit h 0 u t :sacrifice. blance in color and in dignity of wide establishment of the Chris- Churches as well as individuals the family of nations as God tian Church means that the term are summoned to die unto themcreated them. God is an artist. "home missions" has new conno- selves and unto their own par- With the dawning of a new morn tations for all Christians. The ticular interests that the world He paints His skies with irrides- work of the Christian Church may be saved. Worship must cent hues. With the flaming can no longer be divided into lead to witness and spiritual rays of His dying sun, He sets "foreign missions" and "home growth to self-giving." These His heavens aglow with glorious missions," with the meaning words can well be a stimulus to color. Such a God would nat- that has existed in the past. the work of home missions.

urally create His children, His Every country now has its Tambaram laid an emphasis, family of nations, a colorful peo- strong indigenous C h r i s t ian as did the ecumenical conference ple. His Church is a colorful Church. Every country now has at Jerusalem, upon the strategic church, beautiful in the warm its home missions, consisting of importance of the Rural Church shades of brown, yellow, black all areas where Jesus Christ is in the stabilization of a chaotic an"d red, with enough white to not known. From the discus- world. This means, of course, make a perfect harmonious sions at Tambaram, it was the strategic importance of whole. This was shown to all brought out that all churches home missions in every nation.

Christian leaders who saw the are now considering the sending Tambaram emphasized the need Universal Church assembled in of Christian leaders to other of experts and specialists for all the beautiful new auditorium of lands as foreign missionaries. It the different phases of village the Madras Christian College at was suggested that India might life where human needs are the Tambaram. The Ecumenical well send from her Indian Chris- most pressing. This need was Church which represents Chris- tian Church foreign missionaries expressed in the findings in the tendom fairly in the future will to Africa, even as it was sug- following words, "Increasing the consist of inspired harmonious gested that America might con- fruitfulness of the land, raising leaders blended into a colorful sider the appointment of a fine the level of literacy and intelli- Negro Christian missionary to gence, providing wholesome unity of faith. In the second place, the pre- India. Such suggestions have recreation, turning slums to dominance of colored Christians tremendous import in the re- homes, rescuing people from meaus that at any time there is va1uation of the whole mission- financial exploitation or trying unanimity of opinion upon the ary cause. Tambaram asserted to prevent such sin, directing the r~solutions of findings presented again and again in its findings energies and the social instincts [317 J of youth into channels of whole- is right, who still feel the clasping sage of the mystic, Kahlil Gibsomeness and service-all these hands of love even when they go ran, but the period of directed are the blessed touch of the hand through pain and trial and loss, this prayer which followed its readof Christ when done by men and seed-spirit will spread, this nucleus ing was one of the high moments women filled with the love of will enlarge and create a society. of the conference. Christ and equipped with special knowledge for the task. . . . This excerpt from "Inner The commission group meet- Wherever possible the Church Life" by Rufus M. Jones ap- ings were held at Riverside should cooperate with govern- peared on the cover of the pro- Church, and in Hamilton and mental agencies contributing gram of the Metropolitan Chris- Business Halls at Columbia Uniher Christian spirit, her trained tian youth Conference held in versity. The unique feature of workers, her volunteer assist- New York City on March 3, 4, these commission groups was the ance and her deep interest to and 5, 1939. setting up of booths to resemble lift the level of the community's the World's Fair, called "The way of life." The committee of ten young World's Fair of Social Chal- people headed by the general lenges." In these booths were In conclusion, I would say that chairman, Mr. Oliver Powell of displayed the contributions of the message from Tambaram to the Metropolitan C h r i s t ian various racial groups and rehome missions is that home mis- Youth Council sought in their source materials on outstanding sions are thrilling opportunities arduous planning for this con- social questions. for service and for evangeliza- ference to spread this "seedtion within national boundaries. spirit" among the youth of the The subjects covered were: Foreign missions are the thrill- Metropolitan area. Their months Peace, Economic Problems, Race ing opportunities for service and of thoughtful, prayerful en- Relations, Jewish-Christian Refor evangelization within inter- deavor resulted in a well-bal- lations, Housing, Unemployment, national boundaries. Interest in anced program. both home and foreign missions Home and Marriage, Leisure will exist in the same person if The conference speakers were Time, Labor Problems and he is a true follower of the Mas- Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick, World Christianity. ter. Home missions gives a minister host to the delegates, Christian an opportunity for Rev. Abraham J. Muste of the Some dealt with personal relimore direct practical concern Labor Temple, Dr. John Suther- gion, as, for instance questions and service to needy parts of his land Bonnell, pastor of the Fifth such as these: own nation, for a more intimate Avenue Presbyterian Church, knowledge· of many groups of and Mr. Oliver Powell. Anyone Is religion personal or social, or is underprivileged people and for doubting that youth is inter- religion personal and social? a definite part in the develop- ested in a pulpit message need ment of a constructive, vital pro- only to have witnessed the rapt Can I save myself without saving gram for the building of the attention given these conference others? Kingdom of God. The needs of speakers to be convinced that the home mission fields, close at youth will give ear to a message Can I be religious and not go to hand and sacrificially met, can of worth. church? open the heart to the needs of far-distant lands. Home mis- One of the outstanding mo- What would happen if young peosions is a spiritual and necessary ments in the services of worship ple really believed in Jesus? preparation for foreign mis- was that in which the words of sions. "Such movements are "The Prophet" were read. Does God have a purpose for every the urge of the Spirit to the life? If so, does the individual have Church to fulfil its great com- And an old priest said, "Speak to a definite part to play in carrying out mission, relying not merely upon us of religion." And he said: "Have that purpose or does he just find for human resources, but upon the I spoken this day of aught else?" himself something to do in advancing power of God. . . . The Church's the purpose? message to the world is the Lord Is not religion all deeds and all re- Jesus Christ Himself in all His flections, and that which is neither These young people faced honmanifold grace and power." deed nor reflection, but a wonder and estly and frankly these and many surprise ever springing in the soul, other problems. that confront YOUTHFUL BUILDERS even while the hands hew the stone youth today. or tend the loom? OF THE KINGDOM Naturally there was a diver- Who can separate his faith from sity of opinion, and both con- The Seed his actions, or his belief from his oc- servative and progressive poi~ts cupation? of view were presented. Our It was Jesus' faith that, if you get young people live in a world in into the world a seed of the Kingdom, Who can spread his hours before which they themselves must a nucleus of persons who exhibit the him, saying, "This for God and this choose what they shall believe blessed life, who are dedicated to ex- for myself; this for my soul, and this concerning the essential facts of panding goodness, who rely implicitly for my body? . . ." life and only as they think for on love and sympathy, who try in themselves can they grow into meek patience the slow method that He to whom worshipping is a win- men and women of principle and dow to open but also to shut, has not stable Christian character. yet visited the house of his soul whose windows are from dawn to dawn. Earnestness of purpose and youthful enthusiasms character- Your daily life is your temple and ized all sessions of this gather- your religion. ing of youth and one could not but feel that these youthful Whenever you enter into it take builders of God's Kingdom had with you your all. come a little nearer Christ's dream for the world Space does not permit a full quotation of this beautiful mes-

A Story for the

KEEP OFF THE GRASS Norman and the policeman the boys all laughed and told him turned round to look ata young to forget it. They said that all By VIOLET WOOD man who had come over to them. reporters were crazy. As the long summer days passed, Nor- Norman was burning up. His "And who may you be?" bel- man still dreamed of sailing in a clothes stuck to him. It was the lowed the policeman. boat up and down the Hudson hottest day of 1875. None of River. the gang were around for they "George H. Williams of the had all gone s.wimming in the New York Times." One afternoon he was sitting East River where his mother on the curbstone outside of his wouldn't let him go. "A smart alec reporter, huh?" tenement under the shade of the "Look here, officer, I don't in- elevated trains when he noticed All along the road, carts and tend to get into a brawl. I'd a man evidently looking for horses were tied to hitching just like to ask you a civil ques- someone as he consulted the posts or were moving fretfully tion. How many times a day do house numbers. The boy's heart through the narrow city streets. you kick little boys like this one skipped a beat. It was Mr. Wil- Up on the fire escapes of out of the city parks?" liams. Norman rushed over to crowded tenement blocks babies The policeman pushed back greet the reporter. He was so lay in cradles made out of old his hat, the better to see the re- excited he scarcely heard right. orange boxes. Many of them porter. What he saw evidently He was to have a gang of boys cried incessantly. pleased him for he changed his at Battery Marsh on Sat.urday. surly tone. "More than I care Norman felt like crying, too. to think of, young fellow. I Saturday came too slowly, but He had never disobeyed his know that there's no place for then Norman, his friends and mother, but the impulse to go these kids in New York City to hundreds of newspaper boys with the gang was strong. He play but in the gutters. But from all over New York City had only a vague idea where the what can I do? If I let this kid went sailing on the ferry boat. East River was. Street after stay here, tomorrow there'd be Best of all, was the news that street he crossed in the blazing hundreds tramping around here for the rest of the summer they sun, with the horses and car- and what would become of the could spend the long, hot days riages ambling in every direc- park?" on the boat. tion. After much walking he came to a park. The cool, green Mr. Williams turned to Nor- Mr. Williams had told Norgrass stretched all around. The man who had been crouched man's story in the newspaper, as sight of it thrilled him. Al- down between the. two men, well as that of other little boys though it was carefully foot wondering whether he should whom he had seen compelled to wired and bore signs warning, run or stay. "How would you "Keep off the grass." People "Keep off the grass," Norman like to spend some of your sum- had sent in money to hire a ferry jumped the small fence, picked boat to take the children sailing out a choice spot beneath a mer days on a ferry boat, sailing every morning and bring them shady maple tree and lay down. up and down the H u d son back at night. The idea seemed River?" so wonderful that one of the big The lovely tree swayed, caus- New York churches took it up ing a slight breeze and making Norman looked at the re- and for many years made this the sunlight fall in patterns porter. "You're making fun of one of their home missionary upon him. He lay thinking, "I'm me, mister. I ain't never been tasks. going to bring mama and papa on a boat in my life." and the baby here." Reverently Making Use of This Story he felt the grass. Although "No," said the reporter, "I'm parched and dry, it was delight- not kidding you." He whipped "Keep off the grass" is the fully cool to the hands of this out a notebook. "What's your true story of the beginning of little boy who knew the feel of name? Where do you live?" He The Floating Hospital of St. cement sidewalks better. John's Guild that still carries on wrote down what Norman halt- the work. "Come on, get up out of ingly told him. there!" Many children have no idea as "Who do you think you are, a to what "home missions" are. Norman started up, his heart See how many aspects of work beating wildly as he looked at a millionaire? Getting ferry boats among underprivileged children policeman towering above him. for kids-don't make me laugh!" in metropolitan and rural sec- tions the child knows. Tell of "Get a move on, you !" The policeman swung his stick. your denomination's work in Norman was too frightened to "Just watch the pages of the various fields. move. "Why don't you pick on some- New York Times, brother," anbody your size, brother?" Both swered the reporter. To Nor- man he s.aid, "And you, sonny, I'll be round to see you real soon."

When Norman got home, and told his adventure to the gang, [319 ]

World–wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO "

~~~~=====================================================================~ NORTH AMERICA life; the Church and marriage. five cents each for bricks in the Family participation in commu- edifice. The upper part was paid One Hundred Year Split Ended nity activities. Education for for by royalties on the Moody- world citizenship. Old age and Sankey song books sold in Great The three great divisions of its place in family life. Britain-money which the evan- Methodism are closing the books gelists would not accept for their on more than a century of schism It is a common mistake to as- personal use. The ministry of to form the largest Protestant sume that Christian education is this good-will gift has extended group in the United States. The for children only. The whole over more than seventy years. union will give the Methodist work cannot be done by the When the Chicago Avenue Church nearly 8,000,000 mem- Church School, so that a pro- Church organization moved one bers, 50,0'0'0 churches and $800,- gram must be developed which mile to the north, the Moody 0'0'0,0'0'0 worth of property. The will include men and women, as Bible Institute purchased the old Articles of Religion will be those well as the youth. An adequate building and has since used it historically held in common by program is necessary in order for classes and conferences. the three uniting bodies. Two to make the Church ineffective. differences had led to the split: Another Survey on Beliefs theNegro question divided North -The Church in Action. and South in 1844, and lay rep- The ·Survey Gra.phic for April resentation in church affairs in Bibles from the Dumps published the results of a study 1828. made by Prof. James H. Leuba Not all hotel managers like to of Bryn Mawr, in which he The publishing interests of the have Bibles in their rooms. For sought to find out the proportion unified Methodist Church are to example, when a hotel in western of Americans who believe in God be under a Board of Publication, Canada changed ownership the and a future life. Sixty-four per which replaces the book commit- new proprietor had all the Gid- cent of the prominent bankers tee of the Southern church and eon Bibles thrown out on the believe in God, but only half the board of the Northern. dump. Later, a poor girl went that many writers do. Figures to the dump hoping to find SOme- for a belief in immortality were One weekly paper, with re- thing of value that she could sell. somewhat higher than for a begional editions, to be called The Noticing the books, she picked lief in God. About 25 per cent Methodist, will serve the entire up one and took it home. had not made up their minds Church. Editors will be drawn Through reading it she found about immortality while only 7 from the staffs of papers which Christ, and this led to the forma- per cent were undecided about the new publication displaces. tion of a Sunday school class, the existence of God. Among whose members also went to the men of science the proportions Church Education dump and provided themselves of doubters in immortality was with Bibles, so that not one copy also much greater than that of The 19th Social Work Confer- was left unappropriated. doubters in the existence of God. ence of the Episcopal Church, which meets in Buffalo, June 16 -So S. Times. -The Churchman. and 17, will have a wider appeal than in the past. It is to be a Moody Auditorium Replaced Home Missions' Outreach conference for all who are interested in education, as is evident The historic Moody Bible In- Dr. Antonio Mangano, an from the list of topics to be dis- stitute Church in Chicago was Italian Baptist min i s t e r in cussed: Family life and its ma- closed on May 6 on account of Brooklyn, makes this comment terial foundations; its legal and the widening of the street on on home missions: "Soon after social status; its spiritual pat- which it opens. This landmark, evangelical churches commenced terns. Youth problems; youth scarred by use and age, has been work among Italians in Amerconsultation service; youth's in- replaced by its successor one ica, the effects were seen in Italy. terest in social education and block to the north, called the The first missionary pastors social action. Preparation for "Torrey-Gray Auditorium." Fol- were converts who came from family life; mental hygiene of lowing the great fire of 1871 the Italy, but by their labors Amerinfancy and childhood; adoles- first story of the old structure ica soon began to repay Italy. cence and education for family was erected, thousands of Sun- day school children contributing [320 ] Here and there an Italian con- mountains supplied the idea for posed for the year 1939-40 in the verted in America returned to an experiment, and in 1934 an booklet "A Venture of Faith," Italy and did not hide his light Emergency Relief Administrator recently published by the Naunder a bushel, but faithfully with a vision collected a stack of tional Committee for Religion proclaimed his new-found faith old, nondescript books, maga- and Welfare Recovery. Among zines, and pamphlets, the latter the objectives are: in Jesus as his Saviour. Some- dealing mostly with religious times these humble messengers topics, hired an enthusiastic To educate the American public in were ostracized and persecuted young mountain woman, who the underlying principles of stewarduntil they returned to America. owned a white mule of dubious ship through conventions, regional In other places their townspeople age and a pair of saddlebags. conferences, national magazines, the listened, first with curiosity to With these bags crammed with daily press, motion pictures, radio and the American religion, and later miscellaneous literature, through other educational media. with such interest. that many creek bottoms, cane patches, and were converted. A peasant of over abandoned trails she rode, To broaden the base of giving by Calitri was converted anhe Bap- stopping at every mountain enlisting as nearly as practicable, tist mission in Hartford, Con- home to urge all who could read "every citizen as a steward of life and necticut, and became an earnest to read what she was giving property for the welfare of mankind." Christian. When he returned to them. Often she read aloud to his family in the little hilltown whole families, most of whom To develop more business-like methof southern Italy, he labored were illiterate. ods of systematic giving, proportiontirelessly to bring his townsmen ate to incomes. to Christ, with the result that a The Kentucky mountaineers grasped and clung to this pack To lift the present level of giving church was formed with a mem- horse service, which grew at from 2.033 per cent to the unprecebership of 50 which has since such a rate that today it is en- dented figure of 3 per cent of income, grown to several hundred." tirely out of hand-through lack and as far as practicable toward the of books. One by one, pack- biblical tithe and the 15 per cent -Watchman-Examiner. horse library carriers were which the government exempts from added, until, at the present time, income tax if given privately for pub- First Spanish Baptist Church, women ride horseback and walk lic welfare. New York City an average of 26,182 miles monthly to deliver 39,293 books To educate the public on the im- There were about twenty chil- to 36,293 Kentucky mountain portance of "Mbre and Better Wills," families anxious to learn, and to including annual review of wills with dren present, most of whom had know the doings. of the world due consideration of our personal in- outside. These libraries extend debtedness to religious, educational, never prayed in public before. over certain backwoods regions character-building and welfare insti- of thirty-one counties. tutions. We had a worship service, and The Federal Government pays To seek the religious, social and then I told them why we were the carriers – all from relief moral welfare of the donor as more rolls – a small wage. .once a important than the material value of assembled and asked all who week they hold conferences at the dollar. their centers, clip continued wished to lead in prayer to do so. stories from old magazines and In the Indian Field bind them into a unit; and fas- The children ranged in age from ten Sunday school lesson papers A glance at the year's work in cardboard covers, with a reli- among the Indians indicates 5-14 years. All those present led gious picture on the outside. progress both in extending evangelization and in strengthin prayer, and for so many it The "bookwomen," however, ening the groups of converts in are not without rebuff. One was forty-seven different t rib e s. was the first time in their lives, met on a mountain side by an There has been an increase in irate father who said he "wanted the number of accessions on proand so I was immensely proud no more sech goin's on." Said fession of faith. However, there he: "I cain't get my gal to do have been obstacles to Christianof them. There was no waiting nothin' but read. My cornfield izing efforts, such as violations needs hoein'''; and he declared of the law against the sale and because one little boy led in angrily, "sittin' in a corner with use of liquor; converts who have her nose in a book h'aint gonna earnestly tried to withstand prayer every time no one else get them weeds out!" temptation have been enticed by unscrupulous white men engaged spoke up. He is seven years of -Bible Society Record. in the traffic. Among the Sioux Indians, sales of peyote, unreage, and I was surprised at his Stewardship Promotion Plan stricted by the government, have been promoted. A bill introreligious experience. He came A nation-wide program of duced in Congress to prohibit stewardship education is pro- the traffic of this drug among very near crying many times the Indians was not reported out of the committee because of the while he led in the five prayers influences which were mar- shalled against it. he offered that day, one of them In certain reservations, Inbeing of about twenty minutes' dians have been encouraged to revive their ancient culturesduration. He wanted to pray so-called – which involve pagan for everyone he knew, because it was the Day of Prayer. He prayed for grandmothers and asked a blessing on all the bad people and the gang of boys who beat him up. -Selected.

Pack Horse Library Just what is a pack horse library? An expressed wish for reading material in the Kentucky

practices. The encouraging fact farmers; but Palmer Church says Dr. Johnson, are not antiis that many of the Indians are also serves the coal miners to Semitic. opposed to the return of these the north, the many gold miners primitive rites. It should be high in the mountains and iso- Palestine at the "Golden Gate" recorded that recently the gov- lated communities along the railernment has issued an order road, including the Eklutna Vo- An interesting exhibit at the prohibiting Indian dances for cational School to the south and San Francisco World's Fair is a commercial ends. All the Chris- fishing stations on Cook Inlet. "Holy Land Garden," containing tian, and most of the progressive more than a hundred trees, Indians are in hearty accord "The Vanishing Indian" shrubs and plants mentioned in with this order. the Bible: olives from Mount This common phrase does not Olivet, Lebanon and Galilee; -Presbyterian Board of hold up under scrutiny. When date palms, acacias, plane trees National Missions. the Pima Indians held their an- and pomegranates-the Eastern nual camp meeting in Arizona, symbol of life and fertility. Mexicans in Texas fifteen acres of desert were cov- There will be almonds, fig trees ered with wagons, horses, tents, and "bitter herbs," the latter Evangelization of the Mexi- and hundreds of children, young mentioned to Moses (Exodus cans in Texas is important be- people and white-haired Indians, 12: 8) in connection with the cause there are almost a million assembled for one of the largest Passover. Fragrant, pungent, of them who are ignorant of the evangelistic meetings ever held spicy plants with Biblical back- Gospel. Southern Baptists are by Indians. There was contin- ground will be here – hys,sop, grappling with the problem, and uous activity from sunrise until thy m e, rosemary, lavender, have marked out two lines of ten at night. Choirs from a anise, cummin, rue, cassia, musapproach, the first being evange- dozen villages, in training for tard, leeks, onions, garlic. The lism. To this end, six evangelis- months, took part in services carob, which is identified as "the tic conferences were held in Jan- conducted by Indian ministers. husks that the swine did eat," uary and February in various will also find place in the Garden. parts of the state. The second -Monday Morning. will he emphasis on stewardship Barley, wheat, flax and riceand tithing; teaching the funda- Anti-Semitism in U. S. the papyrus antiquorum, or bulmentals on which any Christian rush, that sheltered Moses in his forward movement must be built. Dr. Alvin Johnson, director of watery cradle, the arundo donax, the New School for Social Re- "the measuring reed" of Holy Efforts will be made also to search, New York City, confirms Writ, camphire, coriander, lilies, have an every-member canvass the estimate that there are 800 myrtle, and finally Christ's in every Mexican church early distinctly anti-Jewish organiza- Thorn (Paliurus aculeatus), and in the year. Goals will be sug- tions in the United States, claim- many another growing thing gested as a minimum for each ing 6,000,000 adherents. Some with definite line of identificachurch. The First Mexican Bap- of these organizations are na- tion back to Biblical times and tist Church of San Antonio has tionwide in their operation, some scenes, will be installed on voted a 33113% increase in their are regional; a few require pay- Treasure Island. budget for the present year, and ment of dues, and sell antiplans to make missions a definite Semitic literature. The most im- Interpretations will be given part of its program. portant are: the Silver Shirts, of the ancient uses of the plants Defenders of the Christian in the Garden. -SouthernBaptist Home Faith, Industrial Defense Asso- Missions. ciation, American Nationalist -Sunday School Times. Confederation, James True As- A Growing Parish sociates, Knights of the White The Gospel at Golden Gate Camellia, and the German- Exposition Not much has been heard re- American Bund. cently of the government's Ma- The Christian Business Men's tanuska Valley proj ect, but Dr. Johnson classifies their Committee of San Francisco has Monday Morning reports that propaganda appeal something planned an aggressive soul-savthe federated church at Palmer like this: for the average tim- ing program for the World's (in this valley) now has its own orous person, identification of Fair. Eight thousand square building, a membership of nearly Jews with "Reds"; for the so- feet of outside space in a choice, 75 and an average Sunday school ciety dame, the fake letter of central location has been purattendance of 112. This church, Franklin; for the anti-New chased, and an auditorium seatunder Rev. Bert Bingle, has Dealer, list of government jobs ing 250 people has been erected. withstood a number of reverses held by Jews; and for the small In addition to services in the in its three years of existence. business man, assertion that cor- auditorium, thousands of Bible porations are controlled by portions and tracts are being dis- Since the construction men Jews; nothing for the parlor tributed. and clerical forces required in anti-Semitic who hates the Jew the beginning have now with- on his own. Women, as a rule, Tom M. Olson, a well-known drawn, the church membership Bible teacher and personal is made up almost entirely of worker with wide exposition ex- perience, has been procured as

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the manager of the project. request of the wife of an un- converts in the ocean at Port-de- "Sermons from Science" will be faithful drifter; another woman Paix. A member of the Mission presented by Irwin A. Moon, who had lost her son asked for a writes that it was necessary to who has had an unusual minis- sermon on death. The church is call three meetings in one week try for Christ during the past always filled to capacity. recently, to examine individually few years. His messages and fifty candidates for baptism. Not equipment will captivate and Mr. Pagan takes great pleas- only the testimony of the conarouse the curiosity of the un- verts was heard, but that of saved. Three messages daily He ure in the church organ, which their neighbors who knew at present the first century Gospel first hand about· their changed to this twentieth century. he practically built himself. life. Twenty-two of these con- would appreciate having victrola verts came from a distant part Tithe Reindeer and Walrus? records of religious music. of the Island. They traveled all night, some on donkeys and some Rev. Fred Klerekoper, a Pres- Unappropriated Ouba on foot. One was a well-known byterian missionary to the Eski- witch doctor, who, soon after his mos at Point Barrow, Alaska, In northeast Cuba is a tract of conversion, presented the Mishas not as yet reached a solution sion with a piece of ground in of this problem, but the church some 13,000 acres, known as his village on which to build a members of that community chapel. His wife and daughter (which includes almost all the Realengo 18, meaning "unap- were baptized with him. natives) have all agreed to tithe for the support of their church. propriated." This area which Women's Service League- There is almost no cash at all in Ohile the community. When an Es- includes both mountains and valkimo wants a sack of flour or a Manana (tomorrow will do) pound of coffee, he takes a fox leys is inhabited by 2,500 fam- may be the motto of some Latin or a polar bear skin from his re- Americans, but this does not go serve and makes for the trading ilies, very industrious folk in for the evangelical women of post. He does not receive cash. Valparaiso, Chile, who have or- When there is a surplus after he spite of their uncertainty of ganized a "League for Service." has completed his purchases, he Not only do they work in groups, is given credit on paper. tenure. In 1934, the Gospel knitting or sewing for the poor; they visit jails, orphanages, So, if an Eskimo has a walrus reached the southern part of asylums, hospitals and homesand ten seals, what will be his Realengo 18 through Senora del in fact few chances are lost to gift? What could the church do be of service somewhere. One with the meat? The community Valle; and another sec t ion member took into her own home reindeer herd contains some the small child of a woman who 12,000 of the animals, and how heard the Good News through must go to the hospital; another could one manage to use 1,200 prevented the marriage of a girl reindeer? some Haitian Christians harvest- of 14 to an old man; others clear up homes too filthy to live in, -Presbyterian News. ing coffee there. One of the first take sick children to the public health clinic, and teach mothers LATIN AMERIOA converts was a peddler of pins, the rudiments of health and sanitation. Radio Sermons in Puerto Rico who goes about and at each Good News from Brazil Radio station WPRA in Maya- house leaves a copy of one of the guez, P. R., has granted its fa- An interesting and heartening cilities for one hour every Sun- Gospels. This man has held piece of news, coming through day to Rev. Antonio Pagan, pas- the evangelical papers of Brazil, tor of one of the Presbyterian preaching services in many of says that in Ceara, the leading churches in the city. Results state in the north of Brazil, have been far-reaching. The the homes of the district. Few reading of the Gospels has been Sunday sermon is heard in Cen- adopted for public schools. tral, South and North America, families of Realengo 18 are with- Christians everywhere, knowing as well as in the Island. Mr. what ignorance of the Bible has Pagan does not claim to be a out at least a portion of the prevailed in Brazil, will share good preacher, "but," says he, the joy felt in evangelical circles "I receive many letters every Bible and many have accepted of that country. The editor of week thanking me for the ser- the Expositor Cristiio, official mon." Many of these sermons Christ. There are now three Methodist organ, writes: "This are prepared especially for those marks a gigantic stride in the who write of their spiritual regular preaching places and needs. A sermon on "Put· Your House in Order" answered the one Sunday school. In March last year, the believers started a fund for a church, school and parsonage. The first offering amounted to more than $60. A friend of the work in Homer, New York, added $60 and a house was, purchased.

The peddler preacher made his rounds on a horse, and when it died the group of Christians raised a fund to buy another.

They have a vision of one day being. able to support their preacher, so that he can devote all his time to the work of the church. They also have another idea; Friday has been selected as "missionary day," when every Christian is expected to call on some one not yet a be- liever. -Missions.

Oonverts in Haiti The Haitian Gospel Mission reports the baptism of forty-six

path of the re-Christianization standing in a new and rapidly Conference of Evangelical developing central business secof Brazil." Students tion of Rio de Janeiro. Cambridge University, more Bible Sunday in Brazil The Church in Colombia than any other in England, has been associated with evangelical Half a century ago Bible Sun- . day, as it is known today, had The establishment of a "self- movements and tradition. It is not been instituted. H. C. supporting, self-governing, self- therefore appropriate that the Tucker, writing in the World propagating" church in Colom- International Conference of Outlook, traces the development bia is a slow process, for poverty Evangelical Students should be of Bible distribution in Brazil and ignorance abound and con- held there (June 2:7 to July 3). during the past fifty years. The verts often face bitter persecu- It was there that Erasmus inpopulation in 1888 was approxi- tion. However, the beginnings troduced the study of the Greek mately 15,000,000, of which 85 oE an indigenous church are evi- Testament to those who became per cent were illiterate. There dent. leaders and'martyrs in the Engwere only a few miles of rail- Some years ago a land owner lish Revr:>lution, Latimer, Ridley road, travel and communication in the interior heard the Gospel and Cranmer. It includes among being by mule, oxcart, canoe and and accepted Christ. Through its alumni Oliver Cromwell and on foot. Brazilians not only had his testimony, and faithful ef- John Milton. no Bibles, but were told that the forts of missionaries, not to say Speakers at this conference Bible was not a book for the hardship and sacrifice, a group will come from several parts of common people. Many priests of beUevers was organized in Europe. The general theme will did not possess copies in Portu- 1935 and a board of five men be "Christ, Our Freedom." It is guese, some not even in Latin. placed in charge. A recent visi- open to undergraduate and post- But on Bible Sunday, 1938, tor to the district was impressed graduate students, and univerthe population of Brazil stood at by what he saw. Alone, or two- sity faculty members. 47,000,000 and illiteracy had by-two, these Christians go out been reduced by one – third. to preach Christ, while those at One Thousandth Anniversary home look after their small Means of communication had farms. The church has twice The Mis s ion Field, the been greatly extended; even air been enlarged, but even so there monthly magazine of the Society lines connect centers in many is not room for all who wish to directions. Educational facili- attend. Another group has been for the Propagation of the Gosties, cultural influences and organized a day's journey away, pel in Foreign Parts issued in measures of health and hygiene and nine have been baptized. April, 1939, its 1,000th number are spreading out into rural Schools have been opened in of this excellent magazine. The areas. During the half century, both places, with native teachers' first number was issued eighty- and young men and women are two years ago and it has since the American Bible Society re- being prepared for the Bible Inports the annual distribution of stitute, and later for service. been making known the needs of Bibles, Testaments and Scrip- people of non-Christian lands for ture portions has increased from EUROPE 7,286 to 221,034 copies, while the Gospel and the progress the British and Foreign Bible Youth Movement in England made especially through the Society report a similar increase. work of the S. P. G. The peri- Probably not less than 8,000,000 Young people and their inter- odical was begun by Earnest ests are coming to the front in copies of the Bible have been Great Britain. This was mani- Hawkins in 1856 but the Society placed in the hands of Brazilians fest in the Youth Assembly in was organized in 1701 and the in the half century. This would London early in the year. The 239th anniversary was celebe about one copy to every six Methodist Youth Service Council brated in Londo'n this year. Its people. is not only taking part in the work is being carried on in public inquiry as to youth condi- Japan, Korea, China, British It is significant that Bible tions, but has had a special in- Malaya, Siam, India, Burma, Sunday, 1938, records a marked Australasia, Africa, Central and change in the Roman Catholic attitude toward the popular use South America, the West Indies, Canada and Europe.

of the Bible, particularly the terest in the First National Par- England Bans Stage Profanity New Testament. At least four liament of Youth, held March attempts with ecclesiastical ap- 24-27, a parliament composed of A play that was shown 168 proval have been made in recent fourteen national youth or- times in New York was not alyears by priests of this church ganizations. lowed to finish the first perform- to translate, popularize and stim- Among the supporters of the ance in Chester, England, on ulate interest in the reading of Youth M 0 v e men t in Great account of its profanity. The the Gospels. and the entire New Britain are the Archbishop of theater manager rang the cur- Testament. An increasing vol- Canterbury, the Archbishop of tain down in the middle of the ume of the Scriptures and Bib- York, the President of the Meth- first act, and the orchestra lical literature is going out from odist Conference and other struck up "God Save the King."

the nine-story Bible H 0 use, leaders. Actors and producers were

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

called before the constable to an- tains that he is bound to preach ers, in very simple words, try swer the charge of allowing such and declare that a man is saved to persuade the reader to buy, profanity on the stage. by the blood of Jesus Christ and and read aNew Testament or not by Aryan blood, that the ex- Bible. Posters were also sold for On the same day on which this clusion of converted Jews from distribution in Tunisia, Belgium, incident occurred a court in the full privileges of Christian Switzerland, Great Britain and Montreal, Canada, sentenced the life is unchristian, that the Canada. author of a play called "The Church of Christ must be ruled Deluge" to two months' im- by God's Word alone, and not by In answer to prayer, permisprisonment and a fine of $250 the government, that the denial sion was given to open a stall at on a charge of blasphemous libel, of justice is the mark of an un- a market for second-hand things, because the play "offended God christian state, that political realistically called "The Flea and religion." One actor was movements cannot be regarded Market." Astonishment was also sentenced to serve time in as Divine revelations nor their plain on the faces of passers-by, jail, while six others received leaders be venerated as mes- one of whom exclaimed: "What! suspended sentences. sengers of God. Such books at the Flea Market!" Two young business men devote -World Outlook. Jews in Warsaw their only leisure half day on Saturday to sell the books. On Scandinavian Teachers For several years the Church one Saturday they sold 44 Tes- Abjure War Mission to the Jews in Warsaw taments in eleven languages. has held evening classes in the More than 130 representatives English language, which brings No More Jewish Converts of Danish, Swedish, Norwegian numbers of the younger element and Finnish teachers' organiza- of Polish Jewry to the Mission The Evangelical Church of tions, assembled for a conference House. Thuringia is one of those most in Finland, have adapted a state- completely under Nazi domment on war which makes scant Attendance during the past inance. This church has recently compromise with the trend to- winter has greatly increased, issued an order by which bapward increased armaments for and if premises and staff could tized Jews can no longer be defense. These teachers say: be enlarged would be still members of the regional church; "In line with the growing war greater. These classes serve as and by which the ministrations psychosis there is observable a means of breaking down the of the church can no longer be also in Scandinavian countries age-long prejudice of Jew s rendered to them. Since this an effort to adapt the schools to against Christianity in general order was issued, the example of the system of military defense. and missionaries in particular. the Church of Thuringia is be- We consider all such actions, The classes are uncompromis- ing followed by the regional whether involving outright mili- ingly evangelistic, yet this fact churches of Saxony, Mecklentary training, or education and does not diminish the attend- burg and Anhalt. In complying preparation for the defense of ance. Once a week the gather- with these new laws, the the population, as tending to be- ing combines evangelistic and churches mentioned have given cloud the spiritual life of the social activities; and while per- up the right to make converts, to child, and to counteract the spirit haps forty will occupy them- Christianity. -Kulturkampf. of confidence in the love of hu- selves with the games and manity that the school endeavors reading matter, a hundred or so Russian Bible Fund to inculcate in the young. We will listen to the Christian adare obliged, therefore, to regis- dress, lasting about an hour. About ten years ago, the Soter our determined opposition to Willingness to listen does not viet Government gave permissuch a violation of the school's imply acceptance of the Gospel, sion to a group of Russian Chrisrights – irrespective of the ex- but does indicate open-minded- tians to publish 50,000 Bibles ceptional difficulties of the times ness. About twenty young Jews and 50,000 New Testaments. An -to carryon its educational ac- are sufficiently interested in the appeal was sent out for funds, a tivity in accordance with its own Bible to meet every week to committee of Christian leaders aims, which are to develop hu- study it, both the Old and New was organized and contributions man beings sensitive to life's Testament. began to come in. Soon 5,000 highest values and prepared to New Testaments were published promote the development of con- The P. T. L. in Paris and distributed; the printing of cord and good-will in the world." 25,000 complete Bibles got under French workers of the Pocket way. Then the Soviet authori- Pastor Niemoller Testament League, not sure how ties discovered what those 5,000 long they may be free to spread Testaments were doing. Imme- Revelation claims to be the the Word of God, have placed diately they stopped the printing first to publish the real reason more than 1,200 posters. on Paris of the 25,000 Bibles and canfor the imprisonment of Pastor walls, near everyone of the 38 celled the permission previously Niemoller, despite the fact that Parisian cemeteries, and in 72' granted. the court declared him innocent. villages and towns. These post- NiemOller still steadfastly main- Although the collection of

funds had to cease, there was, found a job as sweeper and were busy far into. the night exhowever, a balance of $7,000 in cleaner, and after a few months the bank. The Committee then was employed as a nurse in the amining those who sought bapdecided, since there are millions men's ward. -Life of Faith. of Russians outside of Russia tism. -Life of Faith. and they, too, are hungry for D. V. B. S. in Egypt the Gospel, to distribute these African "Keswick" copies along the borders of The W 0 in en's Missionary Russia. With the cooperation of Magazine reports an increase in A convention for A f ric an Christians in seven countries, the number of Daily Vacation Christians has for some years 4,000 Bibles, 45,000 New Testa- Bible Schools in E.gypt. Also, been held in Kenya. It was orments and 7,000 Bible portions 500 more children were reached. ganized by missionaries for the have thus been distributed. Re- Out of the total number of 2,839 spiritual renewal o.f African cently, the $7,000 was reduced to pupils, 760 were Moslems. Mr. teachers and pastors. There has $17.71, and this was handed over Aig3iban, director of this work, been rapid growth in interest to the "Russian Missionary visited all of the 43 such schools until in 1938 some 200 Africans Service" which will add the dis- conducted by students of Assiut and a dozen Europeans gathered tribution of Bibles to its other College, and a number of other from all parts of the Colony, large activities. -So S. Times. schools as well. Some could only some also from Ruanda, Uganda be reached on donkeys. He says: and Tanganyika. As a direct re- AFRICA "It was very wonderful to hear sult o.f that. convention there boys giving Bible stories and have been many cases of a break- Potential Leader in Egypt Golden Texts. Not only this, but ing of the power of sin. to hear Moslem boys and girls Two or three years ago a giving Bible stories." The most During the 1938 Convention young Mohammedan was attend- popular hand work was crayon the question arose as to whether ing an Islamic school in prepara- coloring of Bible verses. Many the time was not now ripe for tion to become a sheikh. Instead, times children hid the bell, so the formation of a Convention, he is today a baptized Christian, that lessons would last longer. not only for pastors and teachand gives promise of becoming a One of the best schools in Upper ers, but also African Christians leader among Egyptian Chris- Egypt was conducted by a Mos- generally. The matter was tians. While this young Mad- lem boy named Yusef Moham- brought before the committee of booli was at the Islamic school, a med Suliman. It is the third Kenya "Keswick," and as a refriend asked him to join in a year that he has had a school. sult a committee was appointed study of the New Testament, This volunteer in Kom Ghareb to arrange, together with Afriwhich he did, and was so inter- worked all summer both morn- can leaders of the Church, for ested he went to a neighboring ing and afternoon. He declared the organization of the African village to ask some missionaries that he himself got most benefit Convention, under the title for other parts of the Bible. Not from the school. "Kenya Keswick." only was his request granted, he was introduced to the local evan- Revival Comes to Mompono -Life of Faith. gelist, with whom he spent many subsequent hours discussing the The "Regions Beyond Mission- Christian Center in Bible and having his difficulties ary Union" was discouraged Tanganyika explained. He also gathered up when one African teacher after a group of young men from his another proved unfaithful to his It is obviously difficult for a own village to join in this stUdy. trust; but continuance in prayer Christian African boy who goes resulted in enlisting forty keen- to work away from home to keep Of course, his interest did not minded boys in a training class, his balance and resist temptaescape the notice of his Moham- to go out later to the surround- tion. Realizing this, some years medan associates, and he had to ing villages. The number grew ago a number of African Chrisput up with the usual annoy- to sixty, and when all these go tians from different parts of ances. His father thought to out there will be a Christian Tanganyika launched a scheme, end the matter by bringing a evangelist for every village of under the leadership of Eurosheikh to "talk Madbooli out of importance in this dis t ric t. peans, to provide a home and this nonsense." But Madbooli About this time, the missionaries Christian fellowship for such was not to be moved, whereup felt an awakening around them. boys. As if in answer to prayer, his father refused to support Open-air workers reported a a well-to-do African business him, so he set out for Cairo to new interest; natives employed man who had been interested in earn his living. He secured a by traders at the State Po.st were the project willed his home, the job as a basket maker, but when asking for their own evangelist, newest and best house in the his employer found he was a and this spirit was not limited to community, to be used for this Christian he promptly dis- the vicinity of Mompono. Five purpose. The house provides accharged him, and refused to pay witch doctors yielded their commodation for a large recreahim what was due. This time hearts to Christ, and misionaries tion room, a reading and waithe went to Shebeen Hospital, ing room, and one for meetings, as well as a small chapel which gives opportunity for quiet and prayer. In connection with the

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

club is a hostel where rooms are tory church collections and, after pay- til they found a friendly chief at ing the allowances of over a hundred let to African Christians. village pastors and teachers, main- Bonginda. Here they settled, -Life of Faith. tained wholly by the indigenous 1,200 miles from the coast, and church, the church sent a gift of five established the Congo Balolo A Great Conference thousand francs toward the deficit of Mission. Eventually, the Re- gions Beyond Missionary Union The largest missionary confer- the Baptist Missionary Society and grew out of this work, and ence South Africa has ever two thousand francs to its largest today it controls work in two substation for church building.

known brought together this The Bible for Cape Verdians fields; in the Congo and in the year at Bloemfontein over 1,000 Bihar province of North India, ministers and laymen of Dutch On the Cape Verde Islands, off where there are seven stations. Reformed churches. The 150 the west coast of Africa, at least In the Congo, there are 20,000 mission congregations were each eighty out of every hundred per- church members, and at least represented by a European mis- sons can read and write; and 20,000 more have been won and sionary, and 400 European con- faith runs high among the mis- are now in "the Church Triumgregations were also repre- sionaries there that Scripture phant." -The Christian. sented. Since 1877 the church's distribution will have far-reachmissionaries h a v e increased from twenty-two to over three ing results. Their plan, they tell Fetish Bonfires Multiply hundred. During the South us, is to place a portion of the African war, 85 young men from Bible in every home. These peo- Public burnings of fetishes the military camps decided to ple are poor, but they have a real are becoming more common in hunger for the Gospel, and will the Belgian Congo; accomgive their lives to mission work. make almost any sacrifice to se- panied by public profession of It was 47 years ago that Rev. A. cure a copy. Proof of this faith in Christ. At Rethi more Louw trekked by ox-wagon to hunger is seen in the following than fifty families have given up Mashonaland, and in that center literal translation of a letter re- their spirit paraphernalia. A today his church numbers 5,000 ceived from one of the islanders: blind evangelist, Paulo, preaches members, with 22,00.0 young with power and he can quote people under instruction. The "I come very respectfully to many passages from the Bible Dutch Reformed Church has ask you this special favor about from memory. To the African, missions in all parts of the your religion. For a long time I the amazing thing is that one so Union of South Africa, in Rho- have lived without belief or fear despised as a blind man should desia, in Nyasaland, and in the of God. Since the first time I go a-bout helping others.-Life heard your words concerning the of Faith. Sudan. It is expected that, as a Gospel I have felt a strange fear result of this conference, every of God and a grand pleasure has WESTERN ASIA congregation will be directed to been in me as I come to this true carryon missionary work in its pathway which I do not know Ten Years to Graduate own area. -So S. Times. profoundly. Therefore I come Draw your own inference by this letter to ask you to loan from the fact that when nurses' Congoland After Fifty Years to me a copy of that book which training was undertaken at Ken- Dr. Holman Bentley, English I have heard you speak about, nedy Memorial Hospital in Trip- Baptist, was the pioneer of Prot- the book which is to guide me oli, Syria, ten years ago, the only estant missions in the Congo. A into 0 Caminho da Salvacao, promising students were girls native boy, Niemvo, helped him (The Way of Salvation}." who had been cared for in Near reduce the Congo language to -The Word of Life. East Relief Orphanages, and had writing, to make a grammar and had a measure of training in dictionary and translate the Regions Beyond Missionary orderliness and regard for the Scriptures. Fifty years ago in Union welfare of others – qualities February, Niemvo was baptized the first native Christian in It is 60 years since the first lacking in most of the others. It Congo; today, there are 250,000 missionary went from the East has taken ten years for the first Protestant church members and London Training Institute to group of girls to carry their a constituency of a million. Central Africa, in territory now training through to successful known as the Belgian Congo. completion. There were four The International Review of girls in this first class to be Missions makes this comment: The Mission at that time was graduated. called the Livingstone Inland Righteousness is beginning to flow Mission. In 1884, it was decided -Monday Morning.

as a mighty stream through the life to hand over the direction of this Long Range Christian Service of the community. Formerly no one Mission, with its seven welldared begin to protest against abuses equipped stations to the Ameri- The American Mission in but, with the revival, fear of man was can Baptists. They, however, Syria has set a goal for a new subdued. A new breath has blown through village life, clearing away the were not able to penetrate as type of missionary work; e.g., old, polluted air. Never has the liberality of our people been so mani- far inland as had been hoped, to reconstruct village life on the fested. Large sums of money have and an expeditionary force principles of the Kingdom of been raised over and above the statu- God as taught in the New Tes- pushed up the Congo River, un-

tament. Briefly, the following a filthy priest leading a tiny bull and so eager to assist their factors enter into the problem: with a crooked mouth and neighbor in her suffering that To follow the example of Christ women stroking its ears in wor- they responded heartily to the with a correlated program to re- ship; women picking up dust Bishop's suggestion that two deem both individual and group tha.t feet of naked priests had representatives of the Methodist life; by living the Gospel before trodden, and putting it on their Episcopal Church in India and preaching it, and by cooperative faces-some of it tied up to take Burma be sent with him to self-help as proclaimed by Jesus. home. However, many were en- China on a mission of fellowship No program is to be "put over," lightened enough to refrain from and help. As soon as arrangebut built around the needs recog- these things. Some were seen to ments could be made, the two nized by the villagers themselves. dip their hands in the river, let men appointed left by motor bus Full cooperation is sought with the water trickle through their over the newly opened road from every department of the Amer- fingers, while their faces were Burma into Yunnan and further ican Mission, with other mis- upturned toward the sky. Be- north in West China. At Runsions and with all national and hind all this, unquestionably, is ning they boarded a plane for government agencies. the search for God. Chengtu. These representatives from India have addressed many It is recognized that changing Caste and Christianity audiences, chiefly students, seekthe lives, thinking, attitudes and ing to aid by evangelistic mescustoms of a conservative vil- H. C. Mookerjie, Ph.D., writ- sages and Christian sympathy. lage community is a long and ing in The Indian Witness, has difficult task, that immediate re- this to say about the bearing of -The Indian Witness. sults must not be expooted. Christianity upon the caste system: A Burmese Woman Leader -Agricultural Mission Notes. Weare all aware that the Indian Dr. Daw Saw Sa, F.R.C.S., Christian community contains within D.P.H., of Rangoon, who ha.s the INDIA AND SIAM itself men and women coming from distinction of being the first nearly all the Indian races, tribes, Burmese woman physician, is The Great Mela castes and strata of society. Blue the first and only woman sena- blooded Brahmins and Syads, high tor under the new constitution, Once in twelve years the castes and scheduled castes, land- which on April 1, 1937, made greatest of all religious festivals owners and tenants, capitalists and Burma a Crown Colony in the is held at Hardwar, in April, laborers, farmers and landless culti- British Commonwealt<h of nawhere the sacred river Ganges vators, rich and poor jostle one an- tions. In 1932 the Rangoon emerges from the mountains. other within the Christian fold. Government conferred unique At that time the population honors upon her by making her swells from a few thousand to All over India, Christianity has sup- a member of the Rangoon Corabout a million, most of whom plied leadership in the revolt against poration, the first time in the are illiterate. For this reason, the rigors of the caste system, and political history of Burma that an announcer told people who specially against untouchability which a Burmese woman was admitted wanted tickets to this or that is a manifestation of the caste feeling as a member of either Corporaplace to go to a spot where they in its most objectionable form. The tion or the Legislative Council. saw a picture of an elephant, a acceptance of our faith has enabled Dr. Daw Saw Sa has long been snake, scissors, a wheel and so thousands of untouchables to shake off interested in politics, particuon. for all time to come the disgrace larly the section relating to wrongly attached to their birth, and physical, moral and mental de- Priests prepare for the wor- to rise in the social scale. The differ- velopment of women and chilship of the river by lighting ence between their position before and dren; and is a member of variwicks in little cups of oil. Wor- after conversion must have made ous societies and institutions, beshippers pass their han d s these men realize very keenly the dis- sides having her own nursing through the flame, then draw abilities under which they had been home and clinic modeled on the their hands across their faces, laboring in their pre-conversion days. most scientific ones in America. perhaps touching lips, eyes and The improvement in their social ears in order to be cleansed from status, always reflected in their be- -Missions. evil they have spoken, seen or havior, has tended to encourage furheard. It is at such times that ther conversions among non-Christian Building the Church in Siam evangelists. are busy with tracts members of the group to which they and Gospel portions, and it is had belonged. In the past, Hindu so- The Church of Christ in Siam not difficult to dispose of them. ciety had refused them all chances of is urging a Five-Year Plan of education, and all prospect of social Evangelism, and is asking each A writer in the Woman's Mis- advancement. Christian missionaries congregation to form a prayer siona1"Y Friend describes some offered both, group for special intercess,ion. of the sights that make one sad A committee was appointed at -make one long to have them India's Mission to China the last meeting of the General know Him who said: "Come Council to consider the possibilunto me." One was a man who At a meeting of the Central ity of a Bible Correspondence had held his arm upraised so Methodist Conference in J anlong he could not take it down; uary, Bishop Ralph A. Ward, of Chengtu, West China, was pres- ent and addressed the audience on conditions in China. Mem- bers of the Conference were so deeply stirred by the situation,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Course being worked out that the Japanese sentries, helping finished just in time to aecommodate could be used throughout the the government care for its all these poor bombed and bayoneted wounded, and conveying money victims; that our staff was spunky whole Church, especially which to stranded communities where they serve. enough to stay; and just now-that furlough is coming in five months.

A Bureau of Evangelistic and the local mission staff is cut off Church Work has been formed from outside contacts. It's a World Movement to encourage all Christians to -The Church in Action. take responsibility for this plan. Japan's military campaign in It is hoped that eight Siamese Statement from Chiang China is destroying Ghina's inwill enter the Union Theological Kai-shek stitutions of higher education, School in Manila; ,two men have because they do not produce already taken this course. The following formal state- citizens that are friendly to ment was issued by Chiang Kai- Japan's imperial ambitions. In Another need is for an or- shek a few weeks ago, and is of the midst of Japan's bombing of dained man and his wife for special s,ignificance: Hunan University that institurural work, since the majority tion organized a Student Chrisof the Siamese are rural folk. At this hour of our national crisis, tian Association, and one of There is also need for'more work we, the Chinese people, are profoundly their first acts was to write the among the Chinese in Siam, be- moved by the earnest increase in the Christian students of Japan saycause of their numbers, and the many concrete expressions of sym- ing that they of Hunan Univerinfluential place they hold in the pathy which have been continuously sity were deeply aware of their business life of the country. coming to us for over 19 months from membership, through theWorld's our friends in other parts of the world. Student Christian Federation, in a world-wide fellowship of Chris- Chinese Evangelists in Siam Christians have left no stone un- tian students, and especially con- scious of their common partici- Some of the evangelists who turned to show their growing interest pation in that fellowship with have been driven out of China in the material as well as the spirhave gone to Siam, and are put- itual welfare of our suffering people. Missionaries, in particular, have never ting new life into Christians hesitated to make even the greatest there. They have conducted meetings through interpreters, personal sacrifices to heal the wounded Christian students of Japan. which have led to the formation and succor the distressed. They called Christian students of Japan, China and other counof bands for Bible study and I welcome this opportunity, there- tries to go in united prayer to a prayer. Dr. Song, an evangelist. fore, to reiterate the previously ex- pressed appreciation of myself and my educated in the United States, has succeeded in arousing many countrymen for the unqualified en- common Father with the plea of the Siamese to a realization of dorsement of the righteousness of our that His and not their will be their need and responsibility. resistance that has come to us so done-that peace based on jus- spontaneously, and in such unstinted tice come to their nations. In spite of the fact that the measure from the Christian world. Siamese have their own national -Intercollegian and Far church, there has been a tend- I believe that those of our people Horizons. who will survive the terrible holo- causts which have involved us all in Universities on the March so much loss of life. and human suf- fering will emerge victorious in spirit, ana more confirmed than ever in the ency to lean too much on the faith that right will always triumph Chinese educators have coined over might, whether in personal, na- the phrase "Universities on the missionary for the initiative. tional or international relations. March," to describe the condi- CHINA "Count Your Blessings" tion of China's higher institu- Redeeming the Time tions of learning after fighting Mrs. T. D. Stevenson, daugh- changed the educational map of Evangelism, tea chi n g and ter of Charles Ernest Scott, and China. Fifty-four of China's healing – the ministry of the Presbyterian missionary in Can- 114 colleges and universities ton, rut Hackett Medical Center, have been destroyed by bombs Christian Church-never more is able to find cause for thank- or incendiarism; and 82 have needed in China, was never more fulness. Writing home in Feb- been compelled to move just one active than now, in spite of ruary, she says: jump ahead of oncoming Japaterror, bloodshed, destitution nese invaders. To move some of and destruction. Whole popula- There are really so many things to these involved treks of from 500 be thankful for that I do not know to 1,000 miles, most of the jourtions often flee from cities and where to begin. The biggest item, of ney in small boats and on foot. with them the Church, to find course, is that we're reunited as a As much as possible of equipthemselves in some remote area family, and that we're all safe and ment was carried along. where, perhaps, their presence well; that we have so many children brings the first Christian mes- on the compound this year so that our An educational map of China sage. "New circumstances teach small son isn't lonely; that we hap- today would show a number of us new duties," say the mission- pened to have our car (which has been new universities and colleges in aries, who find themselves guard- Hackett's only link with the rest of the city, and has been invaluable for ing the gates of mission com- bringing patients who could not get Kwangsi, Kweichow, Yunnan, pounds, taking in foundling here otherwise, taking the servants to Szechuan and Shensi-provinces babies, preventing cholera, es- market, fetching coal or wood, fetchcorting coolies to market past ing our milk or letters or almost any- which before the war had no thing); that our new hospital was governmental supported univer-

sities – all established by stu- regions. However, there has to drop bombs near Christian dents and faculties. been a measure of success, even churches?" though workers are somewhat -Dayton News. apathetic toward these sparsely Japanese officer: "Certainly. populated areas. Finally, there Glad to cooperate. Let me see In the New Capital are the tent missions, chiefly in your mission maps and I will market towns. have our maps marked accord- To most people, Chungking, ingly. (Moment of silence while if it means anything, means a The South Shensi Mission officer studies map.) Why, you small town in a backward part seeks to create in the Chinese a have churches everywhere. We of China. As a matter of fact, sense of responsibility toward all could not bomb anything withit is a city whose population be- unevangelized districts. To this out hitting one. How many have fore the war was 400,000; since end, a prayer cycle suggests you, anyway?" the transfer of the capital, the items for special intercession. population has j u m p e d to Priest: "Thirteen hundred, 800,000, and is steadily mount- -China's Millions. and Protestants have 300 in the ing. It is far up the Yangtse same area." River, beyond the reach of Jap- How Shall We Pray? anese armies and battleships.; Officer: "I wish I knew what however, it expects bombing Dr. and Mrs. John R. Mott it is that keeps you Christians planes any day. It is a commen- formulated a statement for the working in such places as this." tary on modern civilization that guidance of their own prayer practically every house has its life, early in the conflict between The power of the Gospel is dug out, as much a necessity as China and Japan. Here it is: well illustrated by the following a kitchen. Three anti-aircraft story from Nanking. Bibles and guns are placed within a hun- 1. We should pray for both China Testaments were being distribdred yards of the home of the and Japan-for their rulers, their peo- uted among Japanese soldiers Methodist High School principal, ples, and, very especially, for all their who had a habit of looking in on a school with an enrolment of Christians; for the ending of the war, church services. For the most about 1,'000 boys. Sometimes and for a just and enduring peace. part, these soldiers accepted the the buildings are used by the Not to pray indicates that we believe copies readily. Later, a Japanese Government for official confer- that human wisdom, devisings, com- officer came to a member of the ences, and at such times the binations and power alone will suffice Church Council and urged that school is more like a military to effect these things; whereas, to no Bibles be given to his soldiers. camp, every entrance guarded pray indicates that we believe that No regard was paid to the reby riflemen with fingers on gun superhuman wisdom, love and power quest, and the officer came again triggers. are absolutely essential to the achieve- and again, ordering finally that ment of this wonder work. We should distribution of Bibles must be In South Shensi become alarmed if we find that in our stopped at once for said he, "the secret prayer life this tragic need New Testament talks of peace, The task of evangelizing does not have a large place; because and the chief business of our South Shensi is divided among we are what we are in the dark where soldiers is war." The Bibles had the Norwegian Alliance Mission, God only sees us, and by which He been passed around in the barthe Lutheran Free Church of judges us. racks, read by many, with the Norway and the China Inland result that they did not wish to Mission, the latter having fifteen 2. We should do all in our power to fight. counties under its supervision. relieve human suffering. The volume Five methods of reaching the of unrelieved suffering in areas af- Shanghai's 5,000 Jews people are employed, and of fected by this war in the Far East is these s t r e e t preaching has even greater than at anyone time in If Shanghai is the world's proved the most fruitful. Prob- the World War. Notwithstanding this most cosmopolitan city, this can ably fifty per cent of the con- alarming fact, it is tragic that, as indeed be said of its Jewish verts have been won by this yet, the efforts put forth by the Chris- community of 5,000. Here Jews means. tians and others in America to meet from every country of the world, this overwhelming and indescribable speaking a score of languages, Village evangelism is another need are relatively negligible. Our live, do business, and thrive in method. It is found that one sympathy and sacrificial action in general, despite the frightfulfaithful Christian family can be such a situation are a true test of ness of the Sino-Japanese war. most effective in winning others. our Christ-likeness. Perhaps nowhere else have they City witnescSing includes prison contributed so much to the visitation, distribution of tracts 3. We should, with true penitence, growth of a great city, and perand open air preaching. Evan- acknowledge the sins of our own coun- haps nowhere else is this service gelistic bands have been organ- try against both China and Japan, so little recognized, the reason ized to visit unoccupied towns. and bring forth fruits meet for re- being that emphasis there has This presents difficulties, inas- pentance. This will be difficult. It been laid on nationality, not race much as roads and communica- will involve real self-denying effort or religion; that is, the British tion facilities are poor in the and, it may be, very prolonged effort. Jew is considered a Briton, the mountainous, brigand – infested Russian Jew a Russian, and so 4. Let our Government know unmis- on. takably that the Christian forces will be solidly behind them as they put forth their full influence to secure a just settlement.

Conversation from the Front French priest to Japanese aviation officer: "When you en- ter new territory, would you be willing to instruct your men not

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

An interesting aspect of J ew- their future program; and that in Mongolia. One young man ish life in Shanghai is the new- furthermore, if they want the said to a missionary, "I can tell ness of the Jewish community support of the better class of a Christian now when I meet in contrast with the antiquity of Chinese the first step toward him on the street. I asked one China. Only for little more than securing it would be the instant man whom I met yesterday if a century have the Western na- stopping of this flood of nar- he wasn't a Christian; he smiled tions carried on organized trade cotics. and said, 'Yes, but how did you with China, and for decades the know?' I told him that I could trade was restricted to Canton. Importance of Hongkong see the evidence in his face." The opening of the treaty ports, of which Shanghai was one, the The British colony in Hong- The writer is at work in building up of foreign communi- kong holds a strategic position Hailar, a city 550 miles from ties, and the arrival of Jewish not only politically, but spir- Harbin, where few have learned traders with their non-Jewish itually. The city is at the thresh- of salvation through Christ. colleagues, have occurred during old of the greatest mission field Next door to the little chapel is the lifetime of many now living. on earth; a land of 450,000,000 a tin shop where a young Chris- Shanghai's senior Jewish resi- people of whom very few have tian makes kettles and stove dent has lived in the city sixty- understood, or even heard the pipes. The partition is of paper, nine years; her sister, born Gospel; among the Europeans, and the young tinner became a sixty-six years ago, was the first only a few acknowledge Christ Christian by what he heard Jewish native of the port. as Master. In view of this spir- through the partition. He ham- itual need, the coming of the mers away loudly most of the -International Committee evangelist, Mr. Edwin Orr, last day and night, but never while on Christian Approach October was prayerfully antici- services are in progress. He has to the Jews. pated. learned several Gospel hymns, and sings these lustily as he The Opium Campaign Two of the largest churches in works. Hongkong were. secured for the Much has been written about English services, and there were Hailar is notorious for gam- Japan's campaign to subdue the 250 to 300 people present at bling, opium dens, and other Chinese through opium, and the every meeting – which is to be wickedness, having, most likely, truth of the matter has been both regarded as wonderful, as co- the lowest percentage of Chrisaffirmed and denied. Dr. M. S. lonials are notoriously "tough." tians of any other provincial city Bates, an American missionary Mr. Orr began with the Chris- in Manchukuo. But many of the educator, has written "An Open tians, devoting the first four people are responsive to the Letter on the Narcotic Problem" nights to the need, the method Gospel. which has appeared in two lead- and the conditions for revival. ing Chinese papers. Dr. Bates The succeeding nights were Work in Tribal District says: "Fifty thousand people- given to the proclaiming of the one eighth of the population of Good News of God's grace to The China Inland Mission Nanking-are being slowly poi- sinners. In the first part of each finds a broad field for its minissoned today by heroin, supplied address Mr. Orr told of his ex- try in Yunnan. The capital of by Japanese – controlled d rug periences in different lands in the province, Kumming, is at an rings. Every month a minimum proving the faithfulness of God, altitude of 6,000 feet. Wuting, of $5,000,000 are being squeezed and how He answers prayer. fifty miles northwest, is in a from the impoverished Chinese The evangelistic appeals re- small plain. These two towns in the region by dope traffickers, sulted in conversions – some of are inhabited mostly by Chinese, belonging to or allied with, the them in the King's uniform. but in the surrounding hills are Japanese Army." Four groups thousands of Miao, Nosu, Lisu, are named as closely connected During the past two years, and other tribes. Several miswith this traffic: Hongkong has become a place of sionaries devote their whole time refuge for thousands of people, to these tribes with encouraging 1. The Special Service Section among them many Christians. results.. A little village 7,000 of the Japanese Army. feet high is the center of work -:-Life of Faith. among the Miao, and the average 2. The puppet administration attendance at Sunday service is of Nanking., Working on the Frontier from two to three hundred. Next to the chapel is a little room 3. "Independent" Japanese A missionary remarked that about eight by ten feet, which and Korean drug run- he never saw a smile or heard has been opened as a reading ners. joyful song in his field in India room and "place for discussing until people began to find Christ; the doctrine." Bibles and Tes- 4. Japanese business firms. now many both smile and sing. taments are on display and many At first, the minor key in every copies have been sold. Dr. Bates points out that a phase of life was almost more shorter-sighted greed cannot be than he could stand. In the A new avenue of service has imagined than that of destroy- Evangelical Christian is the tes- been opened among school boys ing a people on whom they must timony that the condition is true in the city of Wuting. In redepend for building up the kind of nation they expect to use in

sponse to a request, the mission 8.4 per cent. Eight years ago, volumes, besides tracts in great offers instruction in English on licensed prostitutes numbered number, of which more than condition that the Scriptures be 52,000; today, there are 45,000. 4,000,000 copies have been sold. used as a textbook. The class His most famous work is "The has an average attendance of Again, there is respect for Common People's Gospel," a twenty, and meets twice a week. labor. Manual labor was once simple but comprehensive man- for the outcast, but the position ual of the Christian faith. More -China's Millions. of laborers has been elevated. than 400,000 copies have been Another advance is a spirit of issued, and the annual sale stilI JAPAN-CHOSEN peace. The Japanese havanever averages 10,000. A Braille edi- been averse to war, but the pres- tion and a Korean translation "Business As Usual" ent war, they say, is a war for have also appeared. peace! It is at least a step in T. T. Brumbaugh has recently advance that they must find an Hundreds of Japanese owe returned to Japan after an ab- excuse for war. Finally, there is their conversion to the reading sence of nearly two years, and the spirit of service, introduced of this book-students, business reports in the Christian Century, by Protestant missionaries. Even men, and men of all classes. that an observer would see noth- the "Tendai Shu," a Buddhist Gamblers, drunkards, liquoring out of the ordinary. Jap- sect, has ordered every temple to dealers, criminals of all sorts anese passengers, bound for carryon art least one piece of so- owe to it their new life in Christ. home, had little to say about the cial service. A restaurant keeper of loose conflict in China. In religious morals studies it for a week and circles little difference was Control of Religious Bodies then in prayer receives forgivenoted. Ostensibly, Christians ness of sins. Such was the are loyal to their government, A bill to control religious or- change in his life that when he regardless of its leadership; ganizations is awaiting final ac- was later elected mayor of his prayers are offered for the tion, and seems likely to be town, no one called him by his preservation of the empire and passed. The bill provides that own name, but "Christ's mayor." the success of the army. They no religious body can be estab- To many of the dying this book urge that evangelization follow lished without the approva1 of has brought hope in last hours. the wake of the imperial army, the Minister of Education. In apparently not considering applying for approval, the doc- -Sunday School Times. whether conquest and mission- trine of the group must be subary endeavor are compatible. mitted, as well as a statement Missionary's Life Has Variety But with all this, the Christian covering its entire set-up, range groups are oases of brotherly of activities, etc. Any later al- Miss Virginia Mackenzie, of love. teration must have the govern- the Presbyterian Mission in ment's approval. Churches and Japan, has a new undertaking- There has been a falling off in pastors who violate the law are all in the day's work-teaching baptisms and even in Sunday subject to fine or imprisonment. English manners to a group of school enrolments during the eleven policemen, plain clothes past few years, but attendance The present bill does not pro- men in charge of investigating at divine services seem'l not to pose to deal with religion, per se, the foreigners that pass through have been affected except, pos- but with religious organizations. the city. They are a kindly sibly, for the better. Christian- in this it differs from previous group, anxious to do things i,ty is fundamentally contrary to efforts to regulate religion which pleasantly and correctly. On an the spirit of the age in this and were open to the charge of vio- average day they examine 160 other lands. Yet, deep down, lating the constitutional pro- non-Japanese travelers, most of most Japanese rejoice that "the vision, guaranteeing religious them either English – speaking, love of God is broader than the freedom. or able to use English. It is measure of man's mind." readily seen how mistakes, or Inasmuch as Christianity lack of politeness, even though Christian Achievements hitherto has had no legal status, unintentional, "can make for all all Christian communions and sorts of misunderstandings; and In his Fellowship Bulletin, local churches must take steps how important to have mis- Toyohiko Kagawa says that, to conform with the provisions understandings as few as poswhereas he was discouraged two of this law within two years sible, so that this effort becomes years ago, he now sees a brighter after its passage. Japanese a v e n t u rein international side and points to the following Christians feel that, on the friendship. achievements Cif the Christian whole, the bill is an advance for movement in Japan. He gives Christianity. Japanese-Korean Church first place to personal piety. Re- Union Discussed ligion was not taken seriously -The Living Church. until the missionaries came. The One of the mottoes of the day second is purity in home and so- Salvation Army Literature is "Japan-Chosen: one body," ciety, taught by the Christians. and its use is having the effect Forty years. ago the divorce rate Commissioner Yamamuro, Sal- of creating a willingness of the was 32 per cent i iu"1936, it was vation Army publicist and au- two Christian groups to unite. thor, has published over sixtY"

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The Japanese and Korean Y. M. thought to this question. "All ture book. In the manger a black C. A.'s have already united. At that Buddha offered," said he, Papuan baby gurgled.

least the Korean churches in "I found in greater measure in -So S. Times.

Japan proper are likely to unite Christ." Admitting that some with the Japanese Church; in of Korea's best national traits Natives As Museum Exhibits the Methodist Church commit- were the outgrowth of Budtees have been appointed to draw dhism, he summed up his double The Netherlands Committee up plans and union evangelistic experience in two religions with for International Nature Protecservices are being held. The gap a series of contrasts: tion at its annual meeting in of racial feeling will be hard to Amsterdam, Holland, considered bridge, and it is yet to be seen "Buddha is a lover of solitude; the problem of protecting the how much actual union will re- Christ seeks us in life's thorough- primitive people in New Guinea. suIt from the tendency to coop- fares." The recent opening up of Dutch erate; yet the tide seems to be toward a coalition. "Buddha sits imperturbably as New Guinea has proceeded so races go by; Christ agonized on the rapidly that it was felt that Koreans in Tokyo Cross that new life might be open to ne~essary measures must be men." taken without delay for the pro- "Buddha offers release from life and tection of the inhabitants. With its ills; Christ offers more abundant life, in spite of its ills."

The past year has seen the "Buddha calls to meditation; Christ no advance preparation, ideas calls to the service of God and fellow most modern are suddenly thrust withdrawal of Chosen from all men." upon people most primitive. international organizations.

Every effort is being made to ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC Two opposing opinions were preserve the evangelical Chris- disclosed at this meeting of the tian character of the Y. M. and Igorots Ordained Committee: one in favor of pre- Y. W. C. A., W. C. T. U., and The Igorot tribe in the Philip- serving a group of primitive peoother groups under Japanese di- pine mountains is barely two ple in their "stone age" culture, rection. generations removed from head- . shutting them off in a large re- hunting, and to large extent the serve from all foreign influences, Some 500 buildings prepared most primitive superstitions still including missions. In the interfor the Olympic Games that dominate their lives. It is neceswere to have been held in Tokyo sary to remember this in order est of science, a strictly limited have been bought by Koreans, to properly evaluate a recent contact would be allowed. On and ttre now filled mostly by low- event. After several years of the other hand, a group held that wage factory workers. A young training and experience in evan- the authorities had no right to Christian graduate was so ap- gelism, three young Igorots have deny to any people the right of palled by the neglected children been ordained to the ministry in making progress, and to conthat he started on Sundays to the cathedral at Manila. Hopes demn them to remain savages tell them stories of Jesus. At for a native-born ministry for and "museum-objects" for ever. first the parents objected, but these people have long been cher- The danger, it was argued, is soon appreciated the lessons in ished, but the mission staff has cleanliness and truth, so that been inadequate in numbers to not so much in civilization itself some 120 gathered in a vacant train the younger generation. as in abruptness of contact with lot each Sunday until snow and it. As for missions, it was cold made it impossible. Then agreed that their tribal religion six student helpers were en- should not be taken away from listed; paper, pencils and lesson helps were secured and classes Papuan Christmas these people without offering were started in both Korean and them a better one in its place.

An unusual celebration of -Aboriginees' Friend.

Christmas took place in Papua, Japanese. when five hundred Papuan men MISCELLANEOUS –Mrs. H. H. Underwood. and women gathered on the very American Tract Society hill where James Chalmers was Buddha or Christ? martyred half a century ago to Since 1825, the American sing Christmas carols and put Tract Society has been issuing Mr. Kim is a Korean who had on a pageant. The first time tracts, pamphlets, periodicals spent long years in patient pur- they came to a Christmas cele- and hymn books in many lan- suit of the Buddhist goal; then bration at this hill they were guages, and has been sending at last he found Jesus Christ, armed to the teeth; but now colporteurs to distribute them and put the same devotion into some of the world's most back- wmong neglected peoples of all his new faith as he had applied ward people, who could neither lands since 1840. Neglected to the old. A writer in Korean read nor write, were able to re- areas of our own country are de- Echoes tells of a conversation cite long passages of Scripture pendent upon this Society for lit- with Mr. Kim, when he asked and sing Christmas hymns. erature and colporteur service.

him what, in his experience, was Children on hands and knees Its Spanish periodical has a the difference between Buddhism represented a flock of sheep and weekly circulation of 19,000; its and Christianity. His answer a shepherd whose only idea of Polish periodical reaches 4,000 .~howed that he had given much his occupation came from a pic- hOmes.

~- '~

Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information The History of Christianity in Amer- own denomination as he sees it and church people or for any ica. ' By Frank Grenville Beardsley, who are honest and desire the Ph.D. 8vo. American Tract So- cast against the background of best for America – the best is ciety, New York. 1939. Christ and all for which He all the other denominations, as stands. The stories of many who Here is a great book. To call have been led into larger life and it history is hardly to do it jus- they have struggled together or service add to the interest and effectiveness of the volume. The tice. It is that, but it is no mere with each other to establish reli- book is a challenge to the dry factual statement of events Church. It is also a kaleidowith dates and places and gious opportunity in the life of scopic view of home missions, showing its beauties, but it deals names; rather it is an interest- America. MARK A. DAWBER. with so many phases, personaliing narrative, told in lucid and ties and elements that the piccharming style, of the develop- Homeland Harvest. By Arthur H. tures of various types of work Limouze. 211 pp. Index and bib- are not clear. The bibliography ment of religion and the Chris- liography. $1.00 cloth; 60 cents contains some books of doubtful tian church in America. paper. Friendship Press. New value from a Christian viewpoint York. 1939. and omits some of real value- Beginning with the Puritans particularly biographies and and the Pilgrims, the author Some pioneers went West for stories of pioneering. weaves his way through the the purpose of establishing thrilling experiences. that were homes for themselves; others Evangelism for the World Today. were drawn by a lust for gold; As Interpreted by Christian Leadso characteristic of men and re- others went in the spirit of ad- ers Throughout the World. Edited ligious movements in the settle- venture or to establish the by John R. Mott. 8vo. 295 pp. ment of the new world. The United States control over new Harper & Brothers, New York. founding of New England, the territory. But the greatest con- 1939. chartering of the colonies and tribution to the progress of the instigation of citizenship Christian civilization in Amer- The primary aim and the cenwere all an integral part of the ica was doubtless made by the tral task of the Christian Church religious enterprise. No one can missionaries who went with the is to "preach the Gospel to every distinct purpose to make friends creature" and to persuade all understand America, democracy, with the Indians and settlers and men to receive and obey Jesus or the American way of life who to win them to Christ and His Christ as their Saviour and is not familiar with the story of Way of Life. Without their Lord. the struggle to establish Chris- prayers, their faith, courage, tianity and freedom of religion vision and labors of love new Partly in preparation for the territory might have been con- recent Ecumenical Missionary on this continent. quered economically but the peo- Conference at Madras, Dr. John The rise and growth of the ple would have been generally R. Mott invited some 1~5 reli- lawless and godless. gious leaders throughout the Protestant denominations is world to answer three questions carefully but interestingly por- Dr. Limouze has written the on the meaning of evangelism. trayed. The development of the interesting and inspiring story Their replies, or the most relesects, the history of the great re- of what home missions have vant portions, have been made done for America-in establish- available in this attractive volvivals and their influence upon ing churches and schools, in giv- ume. American life, as also the vari- ing examples of Christian homes, ous allied movements and or- in helping to promote social wel- In his foreword, Dr. Mott arganizations-such as Boy Scouts, fare, and good government. He rests attention immediately by Lay men's Missionary Move- draws his illustrations from declaring that "nothing in the work with Indians and Orientals, religious realm is more evident ments, the Gideons, Y. M. C. A. the Negroes, mountaineers, and than the world-wide interest in and Y. W. C. A., Knights of others. He reports. results and evangelism, the world-wide con- shows the cost; he pictures pres- cern .regarding the need that Columbus, Jewish Associations, ent-day problems, difficulties, the the Salvation Army, to say noth- trends and the need for contining of the Ku Klux Klan – all uing and strengthening home have their niche in this religious mission work, all forces coopergallery of fame. ating. It is a book for pastors It is a great book that should [334 ] be read by every preacher. He will come from the reading of it with a better appreciation of his

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF SS5

only evangelism can meet, and the message. Some also seemed will shall be done in every area the world-wide manifestations to confuse the spirit of evan- of life. of evangelistic action." gelism with its essential content. Every missionary should be The attempt to define evan- In the section dealing with the equipped in life and message to gelism brought forth a variety "relevance of evangelism," the win men to a saving knowledge of conviction and expression. views of contributors were nat- of Jesus Christ. To win con- Many emphasize the presenta- urally colored by the environ- verts, however, is not enough; tion of the Gospel, the Word or ment in which they lived and the they must be gathered into a felthe Christ to individual man to characteristics of race, custom lowship, a Christian brotherhood the end that he may respond in or religion of the people whom and there learn how to be wittrust and obedience to Him as a they sought to evangelize or nesses and winners of souls. As Saviour and in the commitment Christianize. one said: "The most abiding of his whole life to doing God's evangelism is that which is the will. Others emphasize the Dr. Charles R. Erdman, Presi- expression of the life of the local presentation of the Go s pel dent of the Board of Foreign church." through example and deed, and Missions of the Presbyterian would include in evangelism any Church, U. S. A., declared: "In It is pointed out that some service that interpreted God's these days the aspects of the mission schools report few stumercy and love to man. Dr. Christian Gospel which are most dents won to Christ; other meth- Johannes Warneck of the Rhein- needed (and most neglected) are ods are ineffective; even direct isch Missionary Society, frankly those which are regarded as methods of evangelistic work declares that "evangelism is not supernatural and which have are ineffective unless the mesmerely an enlightenment. One been communicated by definite senger is on fire with love for cannot send away darkness first revelation. The great truths of souls, has a saving and positive and then bring light. . . . And the Incarnation and the Deity of message, gives it in the power it does not promise cultural Christ, of His atoning work, of of the Holy Spirit, and with tact, blessings. It is not our task to His regenerating power and of love and patience. Christ must make earthly living conditions His infallible teaching are of the be given His opportunity to win more favorable. . . . The mis- very essence of the Gospel." each person to Himself.

sion has no social mission. So- On the other hand, Dr. Doug- This volume may be used of cial uplift is according to our las Horton, General Secretary of God to put evangelism in its experience not a good prepara- the Congregational and Chris- place of primacy in the missiontion for the Gospel." tian churches said: "It seems to ary enterprise, and to inspire me that the psychological and Christian workers everywhere, On the other extreme we find sociological aspects of the Gos- through the faithful presenta- Dr. J. Leighton Stuart, Presi- pel are the most relevant in our tion of Him who is the only Redent of Yenching University, time." deemer of mankind, to seek and Peiping, calling attention to one to save those that are lost. aspect of evangelism out of his Others, while pointing out that own experience. "This," says the basic needs of men do not FRANCIS SHUNK DOWNS. he, "is the witness of institu- change, say that present world tions, educational, medical and conditions call for stressing the Christian Home Making. Edited by otherwise, in their corporate Christian message of hope, the Mrs. Robert E. Speer and Miss Concapacity. . . . The right attitude giving of Christian guidance to stance Hallock. A joint statement to current social, economical and intellectuals and business and prepared for the Madras Conferpolitical issues, and with the professional men, and for the ence of the International Missionquality of life which wins the ad- presentation of Christ as the ary Council. 141pp. $1.50. miration of the Chinese public, Prince of Peace. . . . is a form of evangelism." This small but important book In the section on the "Fruit- amplifies somewhat the report Probably the definition that fulness of Evangelism," empha- of the Committee on the Chrisgathers up the essentials of sis is laid on sending forth men tian Home which was prepared evangelism on the part of most and women who are "truly con- for presentation at the recent is expressed in the words of Dr. verted and deeply Spirit-filled," meeting of the International William Temple, Archbishop of on the "preaching of the Gospel Missionary Council at Madras. York: "To evangelize is to pre- in the power of the Holy Ghost," The central theme of the book sent Jesus Christ in the power a clear and intelligent grasp of of the Holy Spirit, that men the great essentials of evangeli- is~ shall come to put their trast in cal Christianity, a life that hides God through Him, to accept Him behind Christ when He is pre- To see the human home in the light as their Saviour, and serve Him sented as Saviour and Lord and of this fierce flame of perfection, to as their King in the fellowship yet which is so Christian and see where and how the leaven of of His Church." vital and genuine that it cannot Christ, working in our common life, be hidden; a presentation that has lifted us from one level to an- In some instances, the mean- not only secures a decision, but other, and to face these infinite reing of evangelism was confused an honest and intelligent desire sources of power that can enable us with the various methods em- to obey Christ, and that God's to go on steadfastly to higher and ployed in the interpretation of higher levels.

Written in careful collabora- tion by outstanding missionary workers at horne and abroad, the book presents the Essence of the

Christian Home, the RequisIte more consistently the colorful F. Ernest Johnson, L. Foster Training for Christian Home days when Dr. Coan resided in Wood, A. J. Muste, Benson Y. Making, and studies of homes the Near East. There might Landis, Allan Knight Chalin America, Africa, India, have been added a more com- mers, and Luman J. Shafer. The China, Japan, Brazil and Mos- plete and accurate statement of chapters are too short for adelem lands. In many instances the present situation. In his quate t rea t men t s of their and with vivid illustrations, non- excellent foreword Dr. Speer weighty themes, each one of Christian homes are des.cribed very properly calls attention to which might well require a sepand contrasted with "the new the fact that modern Iran is very arate volume. But the high things of today" which are different from Persia forty or competence of the writers and brought by the knowledge of fifty years ago. their skill in the condensed pres- Christ. The changing status of entation of their subjects have women, the influence of mission- The reader must be cautioned giV'en us a readable and very ary homes, the effect of Chris- not to accept this as a report of important contribution to the littian education and many other present-day missionary activity erature of one of the great probinfluences are carefully consid- in Iran and Kurdistan. The last lems of the modern Church. ered. Individuals and groups chapter unfortunately gives the will find this book offers an un- impression that the closing of ARTHUR J. BROWN. usual basis for the study of that the Urumia Station was an immost important subject-Chris- mediate result of the World War. Art of Conducting Public Worship. tian Home Making. No mention is made of the post- By Albert W. Palmer, D.D., LL.D. war reconstruction of Urumia 207 pp. $2.50. Macmillan, New MARY SCHAUFFLER PLATT. Station. We should remember York. 1939. that the Imperial Government Yesterdays in Persia and Kurdistan. of Iran paid the Presbyterian This is a book of deep interest By Frederick G. Coan. 284 pp. Board of Foreign Missions its to all ministers of non-Liturgi- $2.50. Saunders Studio Press, asking price for the property in cal churches, as well as to lay- Claremont, California. Urumia and has allowed the men who have the resiponsibility mission to continue employing of conducting devotional meet- In the preface Dr. Coan ex- native evangelists all through ings and public services of worplains that his object is "to give the Urumia plain since that date. ship. As President of Chicago an account of the human and ro- Theological S e min a r y after mantic aspects of the mission- Dr. Coan's stories of hair- years of experience as a pastor ary's life, to outline the experi- raising adventures of early mis- in Oakland California, Central ence of a life of service and a sionaries make exciting reading Union Church, Honolulu, and kind that, with a change of time, and give further evidence of the First Congregational Church of has become almost unique, and, courage and abiding faith of Oak Park, Ill. Dr. Palmer can above all, to present that side of these pioneers. The maps in the speak with authority and he the missionary's life that will end papers and the illustrations writes with enthusiasm and in a especially interest the young." are helpful but there is need for very practical way. He deals This purpose the author has ful- an index and a glossary explain- with the weaknesses and failfilled with a great degree of suc- ing the Near Eastern terms and ures in much public worship and cess. Certainly few modern phrases used throughout. clearly points out the causes. He volumes of fiction or travel de- treats the historical background scribe such rough and ready HERRICK B. YOUNG. of Christian worship and the existence and such hairbreadth primary significance of it, showescapes. The Church Faces the World. Edited ing what must happen if it is to by Samuel McCrea Cavert. 133 pp. remain worthy of the name. The early chapters are espe- $1.50. Round Table Press. New There is a chapter on the archicially valuable to the student of York. 1939. tectural setting. for worship, missionary activity in the Near which alone is worth the price East. Here Dr. Coan tells of the This small but important book of the book to any who are renotwenty-five years of pioneer was prepared for the Interna- vating, remodeling or building Rervice begun by his parents· in tional Missionary Council in new church edifices. There are 1851. The succeeding chapters Madras, India, last December. suggested patterns of worship deal chronologically with Dr. A commission of American services, and for special occa- Co-an's own colorful forty years Christians had been appointed sions. The two parts. 0'£ the among the Assyrians and min- to study the relation of the appendix are most helpful. "A" gling with the Kurds between Church to the changing social has a check list by which one Mosul, Tabriz, and the Turkish and economic order, and the re- may grade his own efforts. in frontier. Those who have had sults of the study are sum- conducting public worship, and the pleasure of knowing this vet- marized in the present volume. another check list for rating the eran missionary campaigner will The varied phases of the subject use of music in such services. read of his experiences with in- are discussed in ten chapters, "B" is an annotated book lis,t, terest. One could wish, however, by. John C. Bennett, H. Richthat the occasional references to ard Niebuhr, Samuel McCrea for those who wish to enhance modern Iran had been omitted Cavert (who, in addition, edited their skill in this art. so that the story would depict the volume and contributed the Introduction), John H. Reisner, R. C. WILLIAMSON.

List on Home Missions American Youth Commission of the The Red Man in the United

American Council on Education. By G. E. E. Lindquist. $3.50. GENERAL AND HISTORICAL $1.50. D. Appleton-Century Co. Doubleday, Doran. New York. New York. 1937. 1923. Christian Youth in Action. Frank W. Herriott. $1.00 cloth; 60 cents They Starve That We May Eat. MEXICANS AND ORIENTALS paper. Friendship Press. New Edith E. Lowry. 35 cents. Friend- IN AMERICA York. 1935. ship Press. New York. 1937. Mexican in the United States, The. God and the Census. Robert N. Mc- Races and Ethnic Groups in Amer- E. S. Bogardus. $1.60 cloth; $1.25 Lean. 50 cents cloth; 25 cents ican Life. T. J. Woofter. McGraw- paper. University of Southern Cali- paper. Friendship Press. New Hill Book Co. New York. 1932. fornia Press. Berkeley. 1934. York. 1931. THE CITY Orientals in American Life. Albert Homeland Harvest. Arthur H. W. Palmer. $1.00 cloth; 60 cents Limouze. $1.00 cloth, 60 cents City and Church in Transition. Mur- paper. Friendship Press. 1934. paper. Friendship Press. New ray H. Leiffer. $2.50. Willett, York. 1939. Clark & Co. Chicago. 1938. ALASKA AND THE WEST They Came Seeking. Coe S. Hayne. Urban Scene. Margueritte Harmon The Story of Alaska. Clarence L. $1.00. Judson Press. Philadelphia. Bro. 25 cents paper. Illustrated. Andrews. Enlarged edition, $4.00. 1935. Friendship Press. New York. 1938. Caxton Printers. Caldwell, Idaho. 1938. Toward a Christian America. Her- City Man. Charles Hatch Sears. mann N. Morse. $1.00. Friendship Special paper edition, 75 cents. Sheldon Jackson. Robert Laird Press. New York. 1935. Friendship Press. New York. 1938. Stewart. Revell. New York. 1908.

American Saga: The History of Lit- City Shadows. Robert W. Searle. Alaskan Adventures. L. Wirt. $1.50. erature of the American Dream of $1.00 cloth; 60 cents paper. Friend- Revell. New York. 1937. a Better Life. Marjorie Barstow ship Press. New York. 1938. Greenbie. $4.00. Whittlesey House. Henry Harmon Spalding: Pioneer of New York. 1939. RURAL LIFE Old Oregon. Clifford Merrill Drury. $3.00. Caxton Printers. Caldwell, Daniel Boone and the Wilderness Christ of the Countryside. Malcolm Idaho. 1936. Road. H. A. B. Bruce. $1.75. Mac- Dana. $1.00. Cokesbury Press. millan. New York. 1910. Nashville. 1937. Marcus Whitman. Clifford Merrill Drury. $5.00. Caxton Printers. Epic of America, The. J ames Tru- Christian Enterprise Among Rural Caldwell, Idaho. 1937. slow Adams. $1.29. Blue Ribbon People, The. Kenyon L. Butter- Books, Inc. New York. 1936. field. $1.50. Cokesbury Press. Vanguard of the Caravans: A Life Nashville. 1928. Story of John Mason Peck. Coe Frontier Spirit in American Chris- Hayne. $1.00. Judson Press. tianity, The. Peter G. Mode. Mac- Rebuilding Rural America. Mark A. Philadelphia. 1931. millan. New York. 1923. Dawber. $1.00 cloth; 60 cents paper. Friendship Press. New York. 1937. AMERICAN CHURCH AND THE March of Faith, The: The Story of CHRISTIAN MESSAGE Religion in America Since 1865. America Begins Again. Katherine William E. Garrison. $2.50. Harper Glover. Illus. $2.75. Whittlesey Christianity-and Our World. John & Bros. New York. 1933. House. New York. 1939. C. Bennett. 50 cents. Association Press. New York. 1936. Right Here at Home. Frank S. Mead. THE NEGRO AND THE $1.00. Friendship Press. New AMERICAN INDIAN Church and State in Contemporary York. 1939. America. Williams Adams Brown. American Race Problems: A Study $2.75. Scribner's. New York. Story of Missions, The. Edwin E. of the Negro. Edward B. Reuter. 1936. White. $1.00. Friendship Press. 2nd. rev. ed. $3.00. Thomas Y. New York. 1926. Crowell Co. New York. 1938. Church Looks Ahead, The. American Protestant Christianity: an Analy- Wagons West: A Story of the Oregon Twelve Negro Americans. Mary sis and Forecast. Charles E. Scho- Trail. Elizabeth Page. Farrar & Jenness. $1.00. Friendship Press. field, Ed. $3.00. Macmillan. New Rinehart. New York. 1930. New York. 1937. York. 1933.

We Must March. Honore Willsie Brown America. Edwin R. Embree. Church Unity Movements in the Morrow. A. L. Burt Co. New $1.25. Special Friendship Press United States. H. Paul Douglass. York. 1927. Edition. New York. 1937. Institute of Social and Religious Re- search. New York. 1934. PRESENT-DAY PROBLEMS Story of the American Negro, The. Ina Corinne Brown. $1.00 cloth, 60 Evangelism i,n a Changing W orId. Alien Americans: A Study of Race cents paper. Friendship Press. Ambrose M. Bailey. $1.50. Round Relations. Bertram J. O. Schrieke. New York. 1937. Table Press. New York. 1936. $21.50. Viking Press. New York. American Indian and Christian Mis- U. S. Looks at Its Churches, The. Christian F a i t h and Economic sons, The. George W. Hinman. C. Luther Fry. Institute of Social Change. Halford E. Luccock: $2.00. $1.50. Revell. New York. and Religious Research. New York. Abingdon Press. New York. 1936. 1930. Story of the Red Man, The. Flora Christianity and Industry in America. W. Seymour. $5.00. Longmans, PROGRAMS AND POLICIES OF Alva W. Taylor. Friendship Press. Green & Co. New York. 1929. HOME MISSIONS New York. 1933. Cry Dance. Coe Hayne. $2.00 (Fic- Christian Mission in America, The. Pioneering on Social Frontiers. tion). Harper & Bros. New York. Hugh T. Kerr. $1.00. Friendship Graham Taylor. $4.00. University 1939. Press. New York. 1933. of Chicago Press. Chicago. 1930. Facing the Future in Indian Missions. Home Missions Today and Tomor- Protestant Churches and the Indus- Lewis Meriam and George W. Hin- row: A Review and a Forecast. trial Crisis. E. B. Chaffee. Mac- man. $1.00. Friendship Press. Hermann N. Morse, Ed. 75 cents millan. New York. 1933. New York. 1932. paper. Home Missions Council. New York. 1934. How Fare American Youth? Homer Indian Americans. Winifred Hulbert. P. Rainey and others. Report to Friendship Press. New York. What Next in Home Missions? Wil- 1932. liam P. Shriver. 50 cents. Friend- ship Press. New York. 1928.

THE FAMILY ALTAR RETURN?

The increased use of a daily devotional guide among Protestants of all faiths gives hope and encouragement for the return of the family altar. By far, the largest circulated of these devotional guides is THE UPPER ROOM The World's Leading Devotional Periodical Read Daily in a Million Homes Are the homes represented in your church using it? . The issue for July, August, and September is now ready for distribution. Place an order today for as many copies as you need. Use our consignment plan. Ten or more copies, shipped to one address, to be sold at five cents per copy, with the< privilege of returning unsold copies at our expense. Yearly subscriptions, 30 cents postpaid; foreign, 40 cents. Send all orders to THE UPPER ROOM Doctors' Building, Nashville, Tennessee

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1938

SEPTEM8~

The Crisis-Looking Toward Madras Paul W. Harrison With Tibetans at the Crossroads E. B. Steiner Some Problems of a Midwest City L. Merle Rymph '

Why I Believe in Jesus Christ Chiang Kai..shek The Story of Meshed, The Sacred City Dwight M. Donaldson , The Modern Challenge to Christianity William Paton The Sunday Schools Over the World .

Robert M. Hopkins Practical Value of Missions to Pastors Archibald G. Adams 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Yea,.

I Church Management

For 1938 and 1939 IF YOU are considering the A Preaching and Worship Manual for the Year publication of a book, pamphlet, or tract, why not PRICE POSTPAID. $1.00 let us make it for you? Our facilities are most modem, (A full credit coupon in each book gives you a $1.00 and our location is at the credit on a Bubscription to "Church Management") "heart of distribution." Estimates on your particular re- ADDRESS quirements, with expert counsel, will be gladly fur- CHURCH MANAGEMENT nished on request. Auditorium Building Cleveland. Ohio e~ 8~ October 5 to 12-United Lutheran Obituary Notes p~ Church in America, Biennial Con- vention, Baltimore, Md. Dr. ~vi~on D. Lord, for over fifty years pastor of the First Baptist EFFECTIVE PRINTING AT October 6 to ll-International GOOd- church of Williamsburg, Brooklyn, N. ECONOMICAL PRICES Y., the president of the American will Congress. Palaee Hotel, San Baptist Home Mission Society and re- The Evangelical Pre•• Francisco, Calif. cording secretary of the Federal October 9 to II-Home Missions Council of Churches of Christ in Jr_-.,. 2'1oe"""s"-i"e"u0I/0 / . For14 Conference. Bu1falo, N. Y. America, died in Brooklyn, on July October 14 to 20-American Luther- Third and Reily St…. an Church, Biennial Convention, 18th at the age of seventy-nine. Dr. H.rri.J,urg, Pennaylv.nia Sandusky, .ohio. Lord was born in Hillsdale, Michigan, October 20-Baltimore, Md., Insti- and was graduated from Union The- tute for Church Women. Mrs: ological Seminary fifty-five years ago. Bruce H. McDonald, 616 West Fay- He was instrumental in effecting the ette Street, Baltimore, Md. union of the Free Bapti8t Church, of October 23 to 2~Home Missions which he was a member. with the D.e. to Remember Conference. Cleveland, .ohio. • • Northern Bapti8t Convention in 1911. October 30 to Nov. I-Home Mi8- September 11 to 13-Italian Baptist 8ions Conference. Kansas City, Mo. • Convention o;f America. Cleveland. Dr. Lemuel Call Barnel, formerly THE PRESBYTERIAn secretary of the Department of Eng~ September 26-Home Missions Con- lish-speaking Mis8ions and Indian ference. St. Louis, Mo. • The only weekly in the Work of the American Baptist Home Presbyterian Church. Mission Society, died in Yonkers, N. September 11 to 16-International Y., on July 18th at eighty-three years Convention of the Disciples of • Its message is based upon of age. Dr. Barnes was born in Kirk- Christ. Denver, Colo. the Revealed Word. of God. land, .ohio, was graduated from Kal- amazoo College, Michigan, in 1876 September 19 to 30 (tentative)- • Goes into every state in and from Newton TheoloJieal Sem- School of Missions. Mrs. Mitchell, the Union, U. S. possessiOns inary in 1878. After servIng pastor- Langdon, Tex. and many foreign countries. ates in St. Paul, Pittsburgh, Newton Center and Worcester, he became the September 21 to 28-General Council, Subscription rate – $2.50 eftlclent field 8ecretary of the Amer- United Church of Canada, Toronto, Ministerial rate – – $2.00 ican Baptist Home Mi..ion Society Canada. from 1907 to 1917. He was the author SOc. extra–Canadian postage of 8everal volume8, including "Two September 26 to 30-Southern Cali- $1.50 extra– Foreign postage Thousand Years of Mission8 Before fornia (Los Angeles) School of Carey" and "Baptist Work Among Mission Study. Mrs. H. M. Horn, THE PRESBYTERKIn American Indiana." His widow, Mary 1811 Huntington Drive, South Pas- Clark Barnes, survives her husband adena, Cal. 121 7 Market Street after nearly sixty years of married Philadelphia. P •• life. September 27 to. 21i'-A Second In- ••• terdenominational Women's Insti- Dr. Paul Rader, the well-known tute is to be held in the McCormick "cowboy evangelist," fonuerly pastor Memorial Y. W. C. A., Chicago. of the Moody Memorial church in Chi- Dr. T. H. P. Sailer, Dr. Arthur E. cago, (1914-1921), died in Hollywood, Holt, Prof. Samuel Kincheloe, Mrs. California, on July 19th, at the age E. E. McClintock and Miss Esther of 68 years. He was born in Denver, McRuer will be the leaders. Dr. H. Colorado, and in early youth was a cowboy. His father, Rev. Daniel L. —–Paul Douglass will conduct a semi- Rader, was a Methodi8t minister and nar on church unity and Dr. E. K. Paul became interested in evangelism Higdon, formerly of the Philip- at the age of thirty-one. He began pines, will conduct a seminar on preaching on street corners in Pitts- the Madras Conference. Dr. Sam burgh and afterwards he fllied pas- Higginbottom will speak at an eve- (CO'1/eltuled on pa,ge 887.) ning mass meeting.

October 4 to ~Warren, .ohio, School of Mi8sions. Mrs. George Konold, 814 Scott Street, N. E., Warren, .ohio.

and because O'f the fine print-

THE MISSIONARY ing, paper and pictures used to' illus- REVIEW OF THE WORLD trate its articles."

DBLAVAN L. PIBBSON, BcUtor (2) "THE REVIEW gives a gO'O'd ac- cO'unt O'f different fields O'f missiO'nary VOL. LXI SEPT., 1938 No.9 wO'rk. I vO'te this as the best when Publication and Business omce– Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. cO'mpared with all O'ther missiO'nary Editorial and Executive omce– magazines. I like the way in which 156 Fifth Avenue, New York CltT. it handles each subject." . ~ Entered as second-class matter at (3) "THE REVIEW is a magazine;bf Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. the three-star variety. All the main 25 cents a copy-$2.50' a year. articles are O'f timely interest. This Foreign Postage, 50' cents a Tear. Published monthlT, except August. interdenO'minatiO'nal REVIEW gives an All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1937. British agents – Marshall, Morgan unbiased view O'f the great issues at· and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, stake." . London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, 10' shillings a year. (4) "I place THE REVIEW first MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- amO'ng missiO'nary magazines. The LISHING CO., INC. department of Wa.ys of Working is BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROIIERT E. SPBER, Prellidcmt an effective feature fO'r the far- A. L. W ABNSHl1IS, ViC7e-Praridmt WALTER McDoUGALL, Treasurer sighted pastO'r. The World-Wide Out- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretof'll look is alsO' far abO've all O'thers in giving wO'rld news. The magazine is PAUL J. BRAlSTED SAMUEL McCREA CAVlIlRT evangelical withO'ut being narrow." D. J. FANT MRS. ORRIN R. JunD Personal Items Malwa-the Great Temple WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH Miss Anna Belle Stewart, for many When Ihe good wOl'k SAMUBL M. ZWBMBll years a very effective missiO'n wO'rker calls you Basi … sail Editorial Chat among the mO'untaineers O'f the SO'uth, is retiring frO'm active service under p&O Since nO' August number O'f THE REVIEW was published both July and the Presbyterian BO'ard O'f NatiO'nal 1938 begins a second century of P & 0 September issues are enlarged in size. service to the lands beyond Suez! When- If the subscribers will nO'te this it will MissiO'ns, having reached the age ever you are called to the other side of save extra cO'rresPO'ndence. the world, choose this traditional route. limit. Miss Stewart did a remarkable Cross to England by Cunard White Star Our October number O'f THE RE- ••. and then embark in a great liner of VIEW will be devO'ted to' India, the fO'r- wO'rk at ColcO'rd, West Virginia, and the P & 0 and British India fleets, led eign missiO'n study subject fO'r the by the new 23,SOO·ton Stratheden and cO'ming year, and a large number O'f fO'r the last few years has been pi- Strathallan, featuring air- conditioned very valuable and interesting subjects O'neering in the Smyrna CO'mmunity dining saloons in first class, hot and cold are in view. The main tO'pics and au- running water throughout, built·in outthO'rs are nO'ted O'n the third cO'ver O'f Center, Byrdstown, Tennessee. Her of·door swimming pools, children's playthis issue. These include articles by rooms! Regular service to Egypt, Sudan, outstanding authO'rities, bO'th Indian wO'rk is to' be taken up by Grace Jus- Persian Gulf, India, Burma, Ceylon, and fO'reign. Straits Settlements, China, Japan, Aus- tice, whO' has been associated with tralia, East and South Africa, Mauritius. *** Special reductions and generous bag- Miss Stewart as a vO'lunteer, and has gage allowance for missionaries. N O'W is the time to' O'rder quantities O'f this issue O'f THE REVIEW in O'rder shO'wn the ability, understanding and Convenient through bookings can be arto' take advantage O'f the special price ranged by your travel agent or any office of and to' avO'id the danger O'f waiting Christlike spirit that fit her fO'r this until the editiO'n is exhausted. CUNARD WHITE STAR LINE resPO'nsibility. *** General Agents Dr. E. Stan*ley*Jon*es O'f India, will Pastors and professors of missionll 25 Broadway and 638 Fifth Avenue, N. Y. in theO'IO'gical seminaries will be espe- address a meeting O'pen to' all mincially interested in the article in the present number O'n "The Practical isters in Marble CO'llegiate church, Value O'f MissiO'ns," by ProfessO'r Archibald G. Adams O'f Temple Uni- New YO'rk, at 10: 30 a. m., MO'nday, versity. In a persO'nal letter to' the EditO'r, PrO'fessO'r Adams quotes the September 26. He will participate in O'piniO'ns O'f many O'f his students as to' the interest and value of THE RE- the University Christian MissiO'n VIEW in keeping them in touch with wO'rld events and in helping them to' which will be cO'nducted this autumn educate their people and to' prepare at 14 American cO'lleges and univermissiO'nary sermO'ns and addresses. AmO'ng these O'piniO'ns O'f theO'IO'gical sities. •*• students are the fO'llO'wing (stated in substance fO'r brevity) : Dr. Douglas Horton, minister O'f Hyde Park CO'ngregatiO'nal church, (1) "THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF ChicagO', has been elected secretary O'f THE WORLD is rated high because O'f the General CO'uncil O'f the CO'ngregaits cO'ntent which is O'f wO'rld-wide tiO'nal and Christian Churches to' suc- ceed Dr. Charles EmersO'n BurtO'n, retired. Dr. HO'rtO'n was educated at PrincetO'n, Edinburgh and OxfO'rd Universities; has served as chaplain in the U. S. Navy, trustee O'f the American University in CairO' and at- tended many internatiO'nal cO'nfer- ences.

*** Capt. Ellis Skolfield, O'f the GO'spel Ship in the Philippine Islands, whO'

has been in America because of the ill health O'f his sO'n, has nO'w returned to' the SO'uth Seas to' cO'mplete plans fO'r taking the ship to' New Guinea and adjacent islands O'f the Dutch East Indies, as a preliminary to' O'pen- ing a permanent wO'rk there. It is expected that this survey trip will re- (Concluded on page 386.) [385 ]

I Itemi retary to the Board of Foreign Mis- What Shall We Study?

(Concluded from page 385.) sions of the Presbyterian Church, The American City and Its Church U. S. A. He assumed his new office (Kincheloe) presents the missionary quire about three months, after which on July 15, and is in charge of the task as emergent, with our rapidly in- Capt. Skolfield will return to America work in China. creasing urban population, treating to make his report and lay plans for ~!,mn5 the subject vigorously and construc- the future. *** tively. (Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents.) City Man (Sears) is a special edi- Dr. Charles E. Maddry, Executive tion of a recent book that provides Secretary of the Southern Baptist of tbe Foreign Mission Board, who attended valuable supplemental material for the study topic. ($1.50 and 75 cents.) the Baptist Union of Italy in Rome, ctCbrl£ittan Urban Scene (Bro) presents the sailed from England for West Africa city today and its church in striking to visit Southern Baptist work in Ni~1 photographs, maps, pictorial statistics, geria. He expects to be back in Rich- 1Lt ~'f~ brief, gripping statements, etc. Inmond, Virginia, in September. dispensable for groups of all ages.

*** (25 cents.) ell BOOK of worship in song, com….. The foregoi,ng are for adu~t Mr. William Albert Harbison has resigned as treasurer of the American bining a hymnal for general groups. SpeCIal young people s >: Mission to Lepers and is succeeded by books are: Mr. W. Espey Albig, deputy manager A Course for Young People on the of the American Bankers' Association. Church in the City (Geer), which fur- church use and a song book for evan- ~elist. iC ~u'rposes: Onl d song~ • soun *** an the faith and Inspirational an char- nishes a guide to study, discussion, Dr. H. H. Underwood, President of acter included—emphasizing Evangel- worsh!p and. service, is based on The Chosen Christian College, Korea, has ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life. A merwan Ctty and Its Church and been elected President of Severance M any of the new—the best of the old. UrCblt;ttny SScheandeo. ws(25(Sceeanrtlse.)) – a coHec- Medical College, Seoul. At one time, tion of true stories challenging to Dr. O. R. Avison was President of 504 Songs Responsive Readings keenest interest. ($1.00 and 60 cents.) both institutions and under Dr. Underwood's administration these two Topicallndex Gold Embossed Street Corner (Hunting), a reading schools will continue to cooperate. and source book by which juniors ex- Published in round notes and Roxite cloth plore a city ($1.00 and 50 cents.) *** edition only at $65.00 per 100—an especiall~ low price. Single copy, 8Sc postpaid. My Community, My Church and Me Write today for returnable sample copy The Rev. Dr. Lloyd S. Ruland, for (Hallenbeck) is a helpful guide for eleven years pastor of West Presby- CHRISTIAN PUBLICATIONS, Inc. city groups in studying their own com- terian Church in Binghamton, New 1502 NORTH THIRD STREET munities and developing a program of York, has accepted a call to be sec- HARRISBUltG, PA. local service. (35 cents.) HAVE YOU READ?

THE LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN OF BOMBAY By ROBERT E. SPEER The biography of a remarkable missionary whom the (then) Prince of Wales visited in Bombay at the request of his mother, Queen Victoria.

What some readers say of this book: Robert Speer's "Life of George Bowen of Bombay" is one was so far-sighted and so deep-seeing !-the former because of the richest of missionary biographies. the latter. If one wants to sum up the interests of our DR. J. LOVELL MURRAY, Director of the Canadian School of Missions, Toronto. students today-:-Biblical, social, theological-Bowen is a What a life! He was old enough to know why he went, representative figure. And what a lesson in apparent failure! . . . I ·feel strongly that every student and alumnus of our and bad enough to know the meaning of salvation. One by- Seminary needs this book. What better book to lead them to product of his experience was his wonderful humility-noth- feed on the Bible. One hears so much "vestibule religion"- men pointing to the door and taking their people as far as the ing in the show window and himself in the remote back- threshold, but no opening up of the treasures within the ground. It is inspiring. Father's House. Read the topics of current sermons, and . DR. GEORGE P. PIERSON, formerly of Japan. Bowen's expositions are precisely what Christians need in order We must all be grateful for this revealing of the main- to grow from puerility into spiritual maturity. Here is no springs of Bowen's character, his abiding faith in God, his adolescent, but a man in Christ. This is no volume to be earnest purpose to be a true and faithful follower of Jesus read and dismissed, but to be marked and to be turned to Christ; and his deep-seated conviction that the Gospel of Christ could meet the religious needs of India's people. repeatedly. HENRY SLOANE COFFIN, WILLIAM HAZEN, President of Union Seminary. Missionary in Sho/apur, India. The Memoirs of George Bowen will continue to be for A biography of one of the saintliest figures of the nineteenth century. I could not put the book down. There is a years to come a searching manual of devotion. He has set fascination and a depth in this man's soul which held me in before me an ideal which few could attain; his life is a scathdevout attention. I found myself marking his moving sayings which would serve as starting points for chapel talks. He ing rebuke to our ease, comfort, self-indulgence and inef- ficiency. J. Ross STEVENSON, President Emeritus, Princeton Seminary.

Send $2.50 to-day for your copy of this latest book by Dr. Speer THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO.

156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.

[386 ]

Notes bined the supervIsIon of a Boy's The great white Empresses

School with evangelistic trips. Mrs. every speed record to and from (Concluded from .2d cover page.) Derr gave her time to personal evan- the Orient. 10 days direct to gelism, teaching girls' industrial Yokohama by Empress of Asia torates in Boston and Chicago. From classes and training Bible women. or Empress of Russia. Or only 1921 to 1923 he was President of the three days more via Hawaii by Christian and Missionary Alliance *** Empress of Japan, largest and and later was President of W orld- fastest on the Pacific, or Empress Wide Gospel Couriers, a Chicago mis- Miss Lucy H. Dawson, formerly of Canada. Connect at Honolulu sionary society. Mrs. Rader and three from California ports. daughters survive him. General' 'Secretary of the Presbyterian Woman's Board of Home Missions, From Vancouver and Victoria *** died in Baltimore, May. 22, after an to Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, illness of· several years. Her mission- Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. Fred S. Goodman, for many years ary service included volunteer work Details from YOUR TRAVEL a member of the International Com- in city missions in Baltimore, re- AGENT or Canadian Pacific.: mittee of the Y. M. C. A. and for ligious work director of the Y. W. 41 offices in U. S. and Canada. some years an invalid, died at his C. A., in the Presbyterian Training home in Monclair, New Jersey, on School for Christian workers, the July 12th at eighty years of age. Mr. Daily Vacation Bible Schools and Goodman was born in Rockport, Illi- various women's missionary organizanois, in 1858 and was graduated from tions. After the consolidation of all Kalamazoo College, Michigan. He en- home mission agencies into the Board tered into Y. M. C. A. work in 1881 of National Missions, Miss Dawson and became associated with the In- became Promotion Secretary for ternational Committee twenty years women's work. later. During the World War he served on the World War Council and THE CITY had charge of the Religious Work Institutes for training those engaged The city-what is a city? in Y. M. C. A. war work. He was A city-that is where both Dives and retired in 1922 and then for ten years was American Secretary of the Wal- Lazarus live. densian Aid Society. He is survived A city-that is where men die of loneby one son, a daughter and eight grandchildren. liness in a crowd. A city -that is the land of plenty *** where men die of starvation. Dr. Charles C. Selden, formerly of A city-that is where a thousand peo- Canton, China, died suddenly in Oberlin, Ohio, June 15. He was an affili- ple live on an acre of ground that ated missionary of the Presbyterian they never see. Board, and devoted his personal for- A city is where thousands live in a tune and his life to work for the in- single block and never know they sane and the blind of China. He never have a neighbor. accepted any salary and lived simply A city is a place where may be seen in order to make conditions easier for both the glitter of vice and the the unfortunates. He retired in 1932. glow of virtue. but continued to live in China until A city is a place where vice centers in last March. sunless spots, and where virtue shines in secluded places. *** A city is all desert for some, all oasis for others. Mr. Walter W. Gethman, General A city is a place which some greet Secretary of the World Committee of with a cheer; others endure with the Y. M. C. A. from 1926 to 1936, tears. died in Geneva, Switzerland, July 8. But a city may not be characterized Mr. Gethman followed his war service in epigram. with the "Y" by founding a Y. M. C. A. in Czechoslovakia. He remained -CHARLES H. SEARS, in the there until taking up his post in Biblical World, October, Geneva. 1916.

*** Wherever the State claims to give Rev. J. H. Cope, American Baptist a theology to its people, or to set a principle of education, or tries to ormissionary to the northern Chin peo- ganize a conscience or impose a myth ple in Burma for thirty years, was upon the people, there you. will find stricken while on tour and died at the ultimate menace to the Christian Haka in the Chin Hills on June 13. Church.-Adolf Keller, G en e v a, Hundreds of converts and many Switzerland. churches organized among the Chins are testimony to the quality of his The fellowship of all the members service. In addition to preaching and of Christ's spiritual Church with one teaching, he translated the New another, overleaps all denominational Testament, Scripture portions and lines and all national boundaries.- Pilgrim's Progress; and also pre- President J. R. Sampey, Louisville, pared hymn books and school texts up Ky. to fourth grade in four dialects of Chin. The problem of more union among the churches of Christendom is not *** one of legislating ourselves together but rather that of the slow process of Mrs. Charles H. Derr, Presbyterian growing together.-T. S. Eliot, Lonmissionary to Chenchow, China, died don. in a sanatorium at La Vina, California on May 12. With her husband [387 ] she went to China in 1904, and located at Chenchow .where Mr. Derr com-

SANG TEACHING IN CHINA TELLING THE GOSPEL STORY IN

A WOMEN'S BIBLE CLASS IN KOREA WITH OVER 1 ,000 MEMBERS A SUNDAY SCHOOL IN NAZARETH, pALESTINE JAPANESE CHILDREN LEARNING OF CHRIST SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK AROUND THE WORLD (Bee arti ole by Robert M. Hopkins, page 402) electronic file created by cafis. org REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 9 SEPTEMBER, 1'938 Topics of the Times SOME THOUGHTS ON EVANGELISM There must follow guidance as well as training in the practice of devotion (Bible study and The University Preaching Mission has defined prayer) building up a Christian character, and its objective to be "to lead students to faith in finally help to enable the convert to give articulate God through Jesus Christ." If in this definition expression of his new found faith in service to his one were to substitute "men" for "students," one fellow men. Only then is the task of evangelism, might so define evangelism. However, when so so far as the convert is concerned, completed. doing, one should stress the fact that the term Faith without works is dead and of no avail. The "men" as used, refers to all men, male and fe- real test of faith is seen in the effect on a believer male, old and young, Jew and Gentile, black and and in what it impels and enables him to do.

white, agnostic and atheist, Buddhist and Mos- No doubt most people will agree on a basic lem without any exception whatsoever. This em- definition of evangelism and will probably admit phasis is essential in these days, when many its validity. Real difference of opinion arises foster a fellowship of religions, in which all re- when the question of methods of evangelism is ligions are more or less placed on a par, and who considered. Billy Sunday's high-pressure meththerefore protest against efforts to evangelize ods are not approved by some. The use of Bibmen as unwarranted "proselytism." The initial lical prophecy and scriptural appeal would be task of evangelism is to lead men to faith in God opposed by others; still others would claim sterthrough Jesus Christ. This task is not complete ility for any evangelistic effort that failed to until it has also helped such men to make a full stress personal sin, Christ crucified and redempsurrender to God and to articulate their faith, tion through His sacrifice. first to Him and then to. their fellow men in particular and to society in general. The intense emotionalism of many of the pre- war evangelistic campaigns and revivals are To lead men into faith in God through Jesus largely taboo' today. Such emotionalism is sup- Christ involves what is called conversion. Con- posed not to be in accord with present-day psycerning conversion Rabbi Solomon B. Freehof chology, practice and sophistication, though it is in his book "Stormers of Heaven" says: still used in certain Christian circles and appar- ently with success. No doubt the old revivals did There seems to be a uniqueness in the nature of Chris- often overstress the emotional appeal to the negtian conversion. Judaism is patient discipline, and Chris- lect of the appeal to reason. But today the tianity is sudden deliverance; Judaism is concerned with pendulum seems to have swung to the other exsocial development, Christianity is personal revolution. treme with intellectualism overemphasized al- 'fhere is explosive power in the Christian faith which can most to the complete exclusion of the appeal to the capture the souls of men in the calmest moment of their heart and conscience. True evangelism embodies self-contentment, tear down their spiritual organization, both. However much we may think and seek to and build it upon a new plan. understand God and our relation to Him, such an experience becomes ,articulate in life only when Would that more Christians had such convincing one feels it sufficiently to act. Mere argument faith in the explosive power of their Christian and apologetic, however convincing, rarely confaith! This tearing down of a man's "spiritual verts; invariably it is the Christian witness of a organization and building it upon a new plan," life that brings the'result. to use Freehof's words, is conversion or regeneration; this, is the first step in evangelism.

[389 ]

Followers of Christ cannot evangelize others As we face the increasing human need in the until they themselves are more completely Chris- wake of wars, racial discrimination, social in- tian. Thus evangelism involves a further re- justice, moral relapse, and economic maladjust- sponsibility; it must include efforts to bring more ment, we are assailed by a sense of futility and Christlike reality into the lives of those already helplessness. What is the use of human efforts, known as Christians. This is of great impor-:- however sincere and energetic the individual may tance. We hear many criticisms of Christianity, be? Here one is forced to rely on God and away but few of Jesus, Christ. Many Jews, even the from dependence on man. As Fritz Beck writes: atheist type, assert that if Christians were more "A man without God, but with a knowledge Christlike, there probably would be no anti-Semi- of present world conditions, must surely despair."

tism, and more Jews would become Christians. At such times as these one realizes our utter de- Very true; but does not such assertion imply a pendence on GqQ and the need of Christ-centered remarkable faith in the power of the person of lives, projected out in service on the battle fronts Jesus Christ to mold lives and to influence human of human needs. Apart from God there is no relationships for good? hope or help for mankind.

One more word! God needs no proving. God One last word. Psychology stresses integra- is whether we are able or not to prove Him. Let tion of personality. That is essential. But inte- us not therefore be overanxious to prove His ex- gration of one's personality within one's environ- I istence by logic and apologetic. Let us not fall ment would seem to be of even greater impor- into the error of believing that God is simply a tance. In our world today, constituted as it is, one satisfying means of explaining an otherwise in- of the most difficult things is to be one's self, that explicable universe. God exists irrespective of is, to be an individual or to maintain one's dis- man's views or understanding of Him. And be- tinctive individuality. Independence of thought cause God is, I am. is not easy in the face of the intellectual "goose- IRRELIGION AND PAGANISM stepping" that is being enforced. We tend to conform to type and convention, like sheep which Today one encounters a lot of apparent irre- follow the bellwether. This is often especially ligion, if not out-and-out paganism. Experience true of the Christian. Some one has said "you reveals this to be very largely a veneer. Scratch it, cannot be Christian in this unchristian world and and you uncover great personal need and spirit- hope to survive." In other words, "Except a ual hunger. Men are hungry for spiritual and grain of wheat fall into the ground and die, it soul-satisfying food. Many suffer from a spirit- can bear no fruit." How many are prepared to ual vacuum which craves to be filled. To others, go all the way with Christ? How many of us life means little or nothing beyond "eat, drink would do as the apostle Paul, or Kagawa, or and be merry, for tomorrow we die." They talk Schweitzer or Niemoller have done?

of the failure of the Church but hope against President Robert J. Hutchins of Chicago Uni- hope that the Church may somehow satisfy their versity, when speaking to a recent graduating personal and spiritual needs. Modern and so- class, declared: phisticated man still longs for guidance, for as- My experience and observation lead me to warn you surance, for a power that will give him victory that by far the greatest, the most insidious, the most where now he suffers defeat. He knows that paralyzing danger you will face is the danger of corrup- tion. Time will corrupt you; your friends, your wives or "the world within us means more than all the husbands, your business or professional ambitions will worlds without." " corrupt you. The worst thing about life is that it is demoralizing. One may well wonder whether all the interest, feigned and real, in world affairs, such as prob- Life was never more demoralizing than now.

lems of war and peace, of racial discrimination Never was there more need for Jesus Christ than and of economic maladj ustment, is not largely a now-not vague or general religion~but a per- smoke screen to hide this ache and yearning in sonal Christ and Saviour. To give men such a men's hearts. Christian Evangelists must deal Christ is the task of evangelism noW as ever in with these world issues, but our interest in them the past. CONRAD HOFFMANN, JR.

must not be a beating around the bush and an evasion of other essential factors. We need to THE YOUTH FOR CHRIST preach Christ and the forgiveness of sin. After conversion, then is the time to give needed ex- We thank God for youth. They are to the pression to the faith that has been born, and Church and the State, what fresh young shoots then it is necessary to project that conversion into are to the future harvest. Everywhere we hear service for others. But there is no first and of "Youth Movements."

second here in order of importance. We must do It is estimated that there are nearly twice as the one and not neglect the other. many people in the world under thirty-three as

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

over that age. It is a well-known fact that there the youth of the world wants is to be given a high is ten times as great a likelihood of a young man standard to imitate. or young woman yielding to the claims of Christ under twenty years of age as there is when they Primitive people look to those of more advanced are older. Youth is the time for taking new countries. India has copied England, Japan is steps, the time of adventure, the time of growth, imitating Germany; China is seeking a model in the time when foundations are laid and when the United States. Good patterns must be set in habits are formed. art, in literature, in education, in politics, in so- cial life and in religion if the world is to make And yet is not youth today largely wasting its progress and is not to slip back into barbarity. energies and opportunities? The spirit of ad- Inventions, discoveries and modern machinery venture is too often spent in seeking thrills in will not produce purity, peace, brotherhood and illegitimate and dangerous paths. Natural curi- love. All peoples are truly hungry for clear osity and the desire to investigate lead too fre- knowledge and for a better way of life. To inquently to spiritual skepticism and blindly look- spire them to higher things the youth need: (1) A ing for truth about God without finding Him. good example of unselfish service; (2) a good How often the strength of youth is wasted in fool- example of unpatronizing friendliness; (3) an ish self-indulgence. opportunity to learn and to improve their condi- tion; (4) the knowledge of God as revealed in And yet, humanly speaking, youth is the hope Jesus Christ. of the world. The young people of today must be the parents, the teachers and preachers, the All creeds and all "isms" are contending for the scientists and artists, the authors and leaders of enthusiastic and devoted support of youthtomorrow. If the youth of today are not won to though that support may not be intelligent and Christ what will become of the church, the school, unselfish. There is no ideal, no inspirational exthe home, missionary work, and still more im- ample and no assurance of power to attain ideals, portant what will become of the youth as they that is equal to those found in Jesus Christ. In pass through this life into the eternity beyond? Him and in His program are combined all the ele- ments that appeal to the best in youth of all ages. In ·the face of some disconcerting signs in the And youth is responding to the challenge in their world today, there are many encouraging signs of readiness to enlist in sacrificial missionary servpromise. All over the United States and Canada, ice at home and abroad. many thousands of youth are gathered every summer in Christian camps and conferences. No JAPAN'S LOSING BATTLE less than a half-million young people come together, under trained leaders, for physical and , In spite of Japan's military advantage in modspiritual recreation. At a thousand or more re- ern equipment and trained soldiers, her military sorts these multitudes of earnest young people party is waging a losing battle in China. This meet to listen to inspirational addresses and to is becoming more evident as the months pass. learn what life and service mean. Japan has disregarded justice and mercy, has alienated other nations that are not ruled by the Similar gatherings are being held in foreign same ideals, and she depends on deceit and force lands, not only in Great Britain and many parts to keep her people in line at home. While China of Europe, but in practically all the mission fields. has now the most enlightened patriotic and able There were pra.ctically no such Christian gather- rulers in her history, Japanese leaders in power ings for youth fifty years ago. They have grown exhibit less intelligence and more cruelty than has up as the result of the growing consciousness of characterized her and puts her dependence on the necessity for giving a Christian training _to armed force. The general sympathy of the world the youth of today to prepare them to be the -inactive as it is-is with the Chinese in their leaders of tomorrow. The Bishop of Uganda desperate struggle for life and peace. While the writes of African youth: conflict is welding China into a united country, it is sowing seeds of discontent in Japan; while Dr. Aggrey used to say that he would like to have nine China is becoming more Christian and is even lives if he could be sure that in each he would be an suggesting opening their schools to the teaching African and born one after the other in Africa in this of Christian truth, Japan is becoming more pagan present century. The future of the world lies largely and is forcing her Christian people to worship at in the hands of the youth. Very much, however, depends the shrines of the Sun Goddess; while China is on the next few years. Primitive youth is imitative-it showing mercy to the enemy, scattering peace is important that the youth of England and America leaflets in place of bombs by airplane over Japan, should give them a good example to imitate. Youth is the Japanese continue to spread destruction in perceptive: he looks below the surface and very quickly China by bombs and machine guns that ruthlessly sums up what a man really is.

There is a passion for reality in youth. People cannot "get away with" shams and "window dressing," at any rate for long; but youth is impulsive and so is easily influenced temporarily by an emotional appeal. What

bring death to multitudes of men, women and Thus failure to comply with the demand that all J apachildren; while China is looking forward to re- nese participate in certain Shinto ceremonies may be reconstruction after the fighting is over, Japan is garded as a good reason for withdrawing the privilege becoming more and more impoverished physically of freedom of religious belief. and spiritually; while China appeals for peace on the basis of justice and friendship, Japan seeks It is natural that special efforts should be made to control by conquest and alienates those who would secure the obedience of subject peoples when it comes to be her friends. Shrine observance. This has become an acute problem in Korea and Formosa, and will be so in Chinese terri- Other nations in past centuries have tried J a- tories which come under the control of Japan. pan's tactics and have failed, even when they have seemed to win a temporary advantage. If the Japanese realized what their military leaders are doing and planning in China we be- The situation in Japan is revealed by a letter lieve that they would rise up and overthrow the just received from one who has lived there for present regime… But they are misled by governtwenty years and who knows and loves the Jap- ment censorship and propaganda. They are told anese people. (The letter could not be mailed in that China must be protected from Communism Japan on account of the government censorship.) and liberated from the Nanking regime and from The Japanese themselves are kept in ignorance General Chiang Kai-shek, their Christian ruler. of the facts and the military propagandists pro- Staged motion pictures are used to show that the claim that ignorance, fear, selfishness and jeal- Chinese are welcoming the Japanese soldiers as ousy are the motives that actuate all foreigners liberators and benefactors rather than ravishers, who oppose the program of the Japanese mili- terrorists and spreaders of venereal disease and tarists. narcotics.

The letter (dated in Japan, June 12, 1938) is In the meantime the common people in Japan in part as follows: are suffering from economic depression through high prices and many restrictions. They are told We can easily understand the causes of the rising tide that such suffering and self-denial are patriotic. of anti-Japanese feeling in other lands. While the The work of missionaries of Christ, presenting Japanese' people themselves are conscious of the antago- His ideals and message of life, is more than ever nism of certain foreign nations, it is attributed in the needed and is welcomed. The Japanese are hunmain to Chinese propaganda and the jealousy 0:1; the gry for life and peace. It is a great opportunity powers who are losing their economic spheres of influence in China. . " The people here only know what for the missionaries who show spiritual life and appears in the newspapers, and the result is that they power and have the message of God's love and are the victims of a propaganda which interprets the salvation. And the missionaries with reduced war in terms of a righteous crusade "to deliver China forces and income are busy teaching, conducting from the peril of communism." They know nothing of conferences and summer camps, and working the ruthlessness which has apparently characterized the through the churches and Sunday schools. The operations of the army and believe that the conduct of Japanese are responding with larger attendance the war has been above reproach! at evangelistic services, and with increased en- As is the case in all wars, the common people are the rollment in mission schools and colleges. Dr. ones who bear the burden and they are the ones who Toyohiko Kagawa, and other Japanese Christians, suffer. In thinking of Japan we trust that you will dis- express the feeling of the sense of shame and tinguish between those who are leading the nation in chagrin that "Christians are so impotent to stem paths of conquest and the great mass of people who are the tide of militarism in Japan." in the dark and are having to submit to increasing regimentation and more personal self-sacrifice. The people ,Evidently humanity must learn lessons through are in darkness and need desperately to be "translated warfare and suffering that they are not willing into the kingdom of God's dear Son." The fact that to learn through peace and prosperity. Among militarism is in the saddle is no reason for reducing mis- these lessons are the futility of selfish warfare, sionary interest in J.apan. Recent developments here and the superiority of spiritual forces over the main other countries present a challenge to the Christian terial, the supremacy of true love over the seIf- Church to increase their missionary interest. seeking human ambitions. Christ did not estab- lish peace in the Roman world but He did sow the The Japane~e Christian Church is finding itself in an seeds of life and of peace and victory in the hearts increasingly difficult position. This is in spite of the fact that Japanese Protestants have always been distinguished of His followers. Among His last words to His by their loyalty to Emperor and nation, by their obedi- disciples were these: "These things have I spoken ence to law and integrity of character, and by their faith- unto you that in me ye may have peace. In the fulness in the performance of the various, duties imposed world ye have tribulation but be of good cheer, I by the State. But officialdom has not been satisfied with have overcome the world." . This is the peace and this and has seen fit to make the observance of the various the victorythat the world cannot give and cannot ceremonies of State Shinto the 'sign of good citizenship. take away. They have put believers who regard the observance of State Shinto as idolatrous in the position of appearing disloyal. The Imperial Constitution provides that: "Japanese subjects shall, within limits of law, not preju- dicial to peace and order, and not antago!listic to their duties of subjects, enjoy freedom of religious belief."

A Crisis-Looking Forward to

By PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia Author of "The Arab at Home"; Missionary of the Reformed Chutch in America A WORLD Missionary Conference is to be held will the Conference be a success. To the degree this year in Madras. The hope is that the that it fails to do this, the Conference will be a whole Church of Christ may focus there failure. her thanksgiving for the past, and her intercession for the future. Most of all we hope that God Nor is this something only for the few who go will give us guidance for the present. Certainly, to that South Indian city. Now is a time for us hitherto hath the Lord helped us, and we have all to bow down and pray for guidance and power come a long way in carrying out the command, from God. With our attention focused on gain- "Go ye therefore and make disciples of all the na- ing God's guidance, and bringing our work into tions." We will stand with the Apostle Paul in line with His will so that we can go forward in Madras. In every direction, a great door and ef- His power, this should be a day, above all things, fectual is opened unto us "and there are many for reverent and careful study of God's Word that adversaries." If the Apostle could actually speak we may learn how He would have us carryon His to us, he would perhaps tell us that he faced no work. We need profound and prayerful studies such wonderful open doors, nor such appalling of the mind of Christ in regard to our missionary adversaries. problems. We must penetrate below the surface and understand what the Holy Spirit has to teach This is not the day of the grinning stone image. us in the life and policies of the Apostle Paul. We deal with emotional idols, terribly alive all of Different men will discover many different things them, fashioned after the likeness of Mohammed- in this Book which God has given us. No one anism~ Men and women and children, from the man will understand it all. Indeed, reflecting least to the greatest, deliriously worship some God's mind as it does, all of us together will enter class or race or nation, sure that thereby they be- only the fringes of the Divine revelation. God come the elite of the universe. Worship of that wants us to see visions and dream dreams out of sort must have an object of pers.ecution as well His Word. Thus He will guide us and give us as an object of worship. Jews serve the purpose power in carrying His message to a turbulent and excellently. So do Christians. Those of us who distressed world. work in the arid desert into which Mohammed transformed a sixth of the human race, look out Christ's View of the Kingdom on the nations today with a feeling very close to terror. It is a very dreadful disease that is spread- In the thirteenth chapter of Matthew we find ing over the world, but it is not a new one. And a remarkable group of parables in which Christ when this outbreak has run its course, and men's shows us the essential nature of the missionary enterprise. He was speaking of the Kingdom of hearts have hardened into shape under its pride God. The phrase has puzzled us and from it have and falsity, will it again be a thousand years be- been developed most diverse and complicated and fore the Good News of God's love finds its way materialistic notions. But evidently in Christ's into men's hearts once more and the first convert mind the idea was as simple as sunlight. Wher- is won to Christ? ever God rules over the human heart as king, No! It will not be even a thousand days for there is the Kingdom of God established.

when "the enemy comes in like a flood," the Spirit This was something new which Christ brought of the Lord will lift up a standard against him. -a gift from Heaven. With Him came the glori- But we must realize, with a deep and terrible ous opportunity of being under the direct and realization, that we on the mission field today genuine rule of God. Christ spent His time pro- need two things, and only two. We need God's claiming this good news of the possible realization guidance and we need His power. It will be only .of the Kingdom. He sent out His disciples two by to the degree that the Madras Conference sensi- two to carry the message further. He left us to tizes us so that we can hear and obey the Divine finish the task through the centuries, and finished voice, and opens. the windows of Heaven so that it will be, for "this good news of the Kingdom God can pour out a blessing,only to that extent shall be preached in all the world for a witness [393 ]

to all the nations." Here is a simple message: a seed which will grow in men's hearts. Indeed "The time is fulfilled, the Kingdom of God is at that seed grows. up to be Christ Himself abiding hand. Repent, and believe the Good News." in us. It is thus that God rules.

Christ emphasized three things about this King- Good news of that sort is not much of a seed, dom. In the first place it is open to all men. The philosophically and scientifically. Christ explained entrance requirements are simple. "Repent ye"~ carefully that it is "less than the least of all seeds" leave your old life; "and believe the good news" which are sown so assiduously in men's hearts. -accept as genuine and true this announcement It takes no extraordinary insight to see the truth that men can actually come under God's personal of that. Any monist has us beaten philosophically control. The offer is for every man to the ends before the debate begins. Any second-rate idol of the inhabited earth. It is an ecumenical thing. temple can surpass our most ehtborate rituals, and emotionally, ~_mpared with communism, and In the second place, this wonderful opportunity, fascism, and emperor worship, we are most prethis door to an eternal destiny linked to God cisely the least of all seeds. We feel a great urge himself, is to be found only in Christ. Even the to assert that the Gospel is really good seed, and God-given Jewish religion could not provide it. we spend much time measuring its philosophical Salvation to a few, that religion certainly did and scientific dimensions and convincing ourselves bring, but apparently not to many. This Kingdom of its impressive character. However, the Gospel of God that He preached was a new thing. Christ seed is really most unimpressive, as Christ told brought it, and its lowliest member stands above us long ago. Its virtue is in its vitality and in the highest of the prophets. The implications of the astonishing result that it can produce when this are tremendous. Even with the light of the sown in men's hearts. Epistles and of the Acts, we can grasp only a few of them. Christ, however, shows us the simplicity As God looks down on a faithless and perverse and unity of the wisdom of God. One thinks of generation, perhaps few things seem so incon- Fujiyama, as he meditates on it. gruous as the audacity of men who produce a showy and resplendent philosophy out of Christ's The third characteristic, in its way as remark- teaching, but lack faith to believe that God who able as the others, is that this Kingdom is to be spread merely by proclaiming the Good News of has embodied Himself in it, can by its means over- God's gift. The Kingdom of God is like sowing a come the idols of our time. We must pit the very seed. There is food for deep meditation in that power of God Himself against the terrifying teaching. It is a message much needed in these forc·es of evil which have become so strong. There days when the missionary finds himself confused is one way to do that, and only one, in season and and perplexed. Whatever else is true of our work, out of season, and that is to sow the Good News it must always be the proclamation of the Good of the Kingdom in the hearts of men. News of the Kingdom of God. That good news is CHRISTIAN MISSIONS-BANE OR BLESSING?

Why should we make sacrifices to support foreign missions? One great reason is because of the results of this work. Had there been no Christian foreign missionaries, then Cyprus, Ephesus, Philippi, and Berea would never have heard the Gospel of Christ. Except for mis- sions the message of Life which He came to bring would not have reached Rome, and from Rome could not have spread into Spain and Gaul. Without missionaries, Great Britain and America would not have heard the message of Christ; India, China and other lands would have no Christians and no Christian enterprises. Had there been no missionaries, there would be no Christian Church today. Most, if not all, of the humanitarian and philanthropic organ- izations that now minister to mankind would never have been established. Hospitals, homes for the aged, orphanages, colleges and public schools all have had their first inspiration in the ideals of life and service taught in the New Testament. History shows clearly that these un- selfish ministries of love did not exist prior to the coming of Christ and apart from the spread of Christianity. They are due to the revelation of God and His ideals for man as revealed through Jesus Christ and as they have been imparted to His followers.

'BY THE LIPU LEKH PASS INTO TIBET-ALTITUDE 16,750

With Tibetans at the Crossroads By REV. E. B. STEINER, Dharchula, United Provinces, India Missionary of the Tibetan Border Mission TIBET-called the "Roof of the World"-is and consist of peas, barley and some type of grain the loftiest country on the face of the globe. which. can be ground and made into very coarse The line of vegetation lies at 13,000 feet alti- bread, which the ordinary European stomach is tude. Tibet has successfully kept herself aloof not able to digest.

from the outside world for centuries, and because Tibetan traders are more numerou.s than farmof this has had a tendency to draw the country ers, especially in the south. They are made up of into seclusion. two classes-Khampas and Dokpas. The former spend summers in Tibet and winters in India. The Tibetan is what he is because of four fac- Leaving Tibet in October, they cross the Himators-altitude, lack of vegetation, seclusion and layas for their trading in the foothill cities of religion. His characteristics are the product of India. After bartering they return in March, these factors, particularly in that region over entering Tibet over Lipu Lekh Pass in June. They against Bhot on the south central border of Tibet.

This country can be conquered, not by war, but speak Hindi and other Hill languages. by the Gospel of Jesus Christ that will change The Dokpas cross by Lipu Lekh Pass into India these backward Tibetans into progressive citizens. only to near-by towns in the Upper Himalayas. Tibetans may be divided into four classes: They speak Tibetan only. These traders export farmers, traders, robbers, lamas. Farmers in wool, salt and borax; they import wheat, rice, Tibet are the least prominent of the four classes. dal, sugar and cloth. They reside in valleys only; their crops are few The Tibetan robbers are called Jokpas in our [395 ]

area. In India they call at our bungal.ow and beg and another 5,500. (We do not vouch for these alms and food. In Tibet they rob us, but not in figures.) India because the British Government would im- Lamaism is a religi.on of works. The word prison them. As liquor dealers in America pay "grace," as understood in the Christian religion, license to the government and are permitted to is not found in Lamaism. The doing of religious .operate drinking establishments, so in Tibet a acts is believed to be the means of entitling a per- robber buys a license to rob whomsoever he son to a place in the Tibetan heaven. Everything pleases. a lama does-whether worship, prayers, reading, In 1930 the Tibetan Government granted Mrs. eating, sleeping or working-is a religious act.

Steiner and the writer a passport to travel 145 The spirit of the mind or the condition of the miles in Tibet. We were accosted by robbers heart has nothing to do with securing merit for twice during our twenty days in the country. the Tibetan heaven. The larger number of acts One Saturday aftern.oon suddenly three Tibetan a lama can do in a given time, the greater his robbers galloping on horseback,with flags floating merit and the Lama can accumulate far greater and guns raised, rushed out from between moun- merit by prayers than in any other way. It makes tains, calling to our Christians who were half a no difference for what he prays or how; the thing mile behind: that counts is that he performs his prayers. Be- "Halt, you are traders; you have money; open cause of this erroneous conception, the lama re- your bags! And over there is a white man and sorts to all sorts. of devices for prayer to assist a white woman; they are traders; they have in the accumulation of merit. Am.ong these de- money; open your bags." vices the most common in our area of Tibet are They continued talking roughly and yelling. prayer-wheels, prayer water-mills, prayer-flags Soon those Tibetan robbers began to talk less and prayer-walls.

roughly and finally they rode away without tak- Every lama possesses a prayer-wheel which he ing anything. holds in his right hand and revolves it as rapidly A month later we received a letter from a wom- as he can. In the wheel is written a prayer and an in Indiana who said she was praying for us. each revolution counts for merit for the owner of That letter was dated JUly 17, 1930, the very day the prayer-wheel. Large lamasaries have made that we were accosted by those Tibetan robbers. huge prayer-wheels called "Sipo Khorlo," inter- preted, "Wheel of Life." We saw one prayer- Ten days later, just as we were breaking camp, wheel seven feet in diameter in the lamasary at a robber party of twelve appeared. One robber Taklakot. On his way out of the lamasary a lama examined Mrs. Steiner's coat sleeve and after- gives the huge prayer-wheel a couple of turns, and wards my water bottle. Seeing his primitive gun I began to examine it in turn. He was pleased S.o it registers prayers to his credit. The lama and looking into my face he smiled. After that he would not rob me. While .our party .of ten does not need to say a word for the prayer-wheel Christians stood with bowed heads in silence in does the praying for him. Inside of this wheel is our morning worship, these ten robbers stood a paper on which is written that meaningless there on the side listening. Mter prayer they prayer, "Om Mani Padme Hum," interpreted in passed on and we went our way. English: "0 Jewel in the Lotus Flower." We do not know why this prayer has been adopted as the The Buddhist Lamas lama's formal prayer, save that the Tibetan be- lieves that Gautama, the founder of Buddhism, The fourth class of Tibetans, and by far the sprang from the lotus flower. About the year most prominent, are the Lamas or Buddhist 400 A. D. a great lama adopted this prayer as a Priests. The home of lamas is called a lamasary model for his followers and it has been used ever and the religion of Tibet is called Lamaism, a since.

form of Buddhism. Many lamas attach dozens of "prayer-flags"

The first-born son of each Tibetan family must to a cord or rope that stretches from one building be surrendered to the lamasary to be trained as to another, or to a tree. These prayer-flags are a lama. As all families are small, the percentage small pieces of cloth six or eight inches long in of lamas is great. A lamasary is a training school strips, on each of which is written this same . as well as a church, and some are in training for meaningless prayer-"Om Mani Padme Hum."

twenty or thirty years. The women lamas are When there is no wind these prayer-flags are silent sometimes called nuns. They are not permitted and therefore produce no merit; but when the to marry. Lamasaries are therefore like medire- wind blows, these flags flutter in the air and pile val monasteries, and sometimes the number of up millions of prayers to the credit of the owner.

inmates runs into the thousands. One lamasary Riding on a pony a hundred miles into Tibetan in Lhasa is said to admit 1,100, another 3,300, territory, we came to numerous "prayer-walls,"

WITH TIBETANS AT THE CROSSROADS

four to eight feet high, made of stone. On each Lekh Pass; our two stations,Dharchula and was inscribed this same prayer. Some of these Sirkha, are located on this highway and all who walls were twenty feet long, some fifty or a hun- travel to the plains of India must pass our way.

dred or two hundred feet. As we traveled, I no- Many call at our bungalow for alms or for med- ticed that my horseman, a Tibetan, owner of the ical aid. Each call brings a contact and makes an pony, always passed on the left side of the walls, opportunity. To many we give a Christian tract never on the right. When we came to another and to some we tell the story of salvation by prayer-wall, I said: "Go on the right side," but Christ. Most of these Tibetan travelers halt near he only smiled. Coming to the next wall, I spoke our Sunday School for four or five days at a time firmly, "Why don't you pass on the right side?" and some draw near to see what it is all about.

He paid no attention. My cook, a Mohammedan They may remain for the hour. Our Tibetan evan- from that area, told me that if this Tibetan passed on the right he would receive no merit but, pass- ing on the left, each stone with that inscription (and there are thousands on a wall 200 feet long, on its four sides and on top), produces. merit to his credit. It is the movement of something that counts, not thoughts. of the heart.

The Dalai Lama, the ruler of Tibet who lives at Lhasa, is the head of this land of seclusion reli- giously and politically. Dalai Lama means "Ocean of Virtue." He is helieved by Tibetans to be an incarnation of Chewasi, the son of the God 0 Pak Me, "the Buddha of Boundless Light." They be- lieve that "0 Pak Me" has been reincarnated again and again; being an incarnation, they think that the Dalai Lama cannot sin. It is likewise believed that each is an incarnation of that same god and therefore does not sin.

Many Tibetans practice polyandry. A woman marries the oldest brother in a family and thus automatically becomes the wife of all the brothers.

Consquently morality among the Tibetans is low, and their conception of home and family life are vague. These concepts of loose marriage rela- tions even creep into the Christian Church. Some twenty years ago two Tibetan brothers became Christians; one was married; the other was a widower. It was claimed some years ago, al- though not proven, that when the married brother was. absent from home for a month or more, his wife lived with the other brother as his wife. A TIBETAN LAMA AND HIS FAMILY About three years ago a Tibetan Christian sought a wife among Bhotiya Christians for his nephew. gelists and Bible women preach in their camps, He had difficulty in persuading members of one and our Tibetan Christians have friends among family to give their consent so he came to us. We some and invite them to their homes. Our work- suggested that he try to secure the daughter of ers also display their Tibetan scriptures and tracts one of our Tibetan Christian widows. But the on a blanket to attract passing Tibetans. We are widow said, "He who marries my daughter, mar- not permitted to preach to the Tibetans inside ries me also." Is there any doubt as to the need Tibet, but on our evangelistic pilgrimage to Mt.

of Tibetans for Christ and His Gospel? Kailash, 60 miles inland, there were ten Christians , We are sometimes asked how we make contacts in the group, four of whom were Tibetans. The with Tibetans in order to win them to Christ. We government cannot prevent us from worshipping are located in Bhot, that triangle in India on the our God as we choose and therefore on Sundays borders of both Tibet and Nepal. Lipu Lekh Pass, in Tibet, we have services and Sunday school for at an altitude of 16,750 feet, is one of the six main ourselves. Tibetans often stand around listening.

outlets of Tibet; the great Tibetan highway of The ruler of Taklakot gave us permission to this part of India passes through Bhot. Hundreds visit the lamasary in his city and there we found of Tibetans annually travel out and in over Lipu 300 lamas, men and women, boys and girls-aged electro nic fil e created by cafis.org

6 to 60. In one room we heard a Christian hymn. A family of ten pure Tibetans, devil worshipers, Upon inquiry, we learned that the lama had heard left their home, sear.ching for the true God. One us sing that song last year in India. I recalled of the number, our Tibetan cook, tells the followthat the year before, I had sung this hymn at ing story: "My grandfather was a priest of the every camp along the Tibetan highway as I was devil. Often have I seen him beat his body with returning from Naini Tal. The wonder was that heavy cords until it bled. Three times did the this Tibetan, hearing this hymn but once, was devil demand everything we possessed. After the able to remember both the words and melody. third time, we began to think that there must be Leading lamas followed us, pleading that we sing, a God somewhere who would not make unreasonand there, beside the huge wall of that lamasary able demands. Ten of us left in search for this in that land where we were forbidden to preach, true God. We wandered around Tibet. Then an four of us sang a Christian hymn. These lamas epidemic overtook us, killing six of our number, then begged for tracts. They sent two messengers including both-iny parents. My grandparents, my to our tent and we gave them forty-eight tracts. aunt and I only were left. iWe continued our search and passed through vast areas. Our food A year later I toured along the Indian side of was gone and we could get none. We came to the the Tibetan border. From Kuti, the last town, I Holy Region, Mt. Kailas, the Lakes and Taklakot, ascended a mountain up ·to 16,000 feet, coming to but we did not find the true God in this so-called a large open plain where we camped. Here an- 'Holy Region.' Then we came over Lipu Pass nually Bhotiyas and Tibetan traders meet for bar- and down into this Kali River Valley to Sirkha. tering. Among other Tibetans, were ten wealthy The Bhotiyas told us not to go near the Mission traders with 7,000 sheep, who came across the Compound or we would be made Christians. We border from their Tibetan town some twenty days' did not know what kind of wkked people Chrisjourney distant. Before we could pitch our tent, tians are, but they visited our camp and invited us these Tibetans crowded about, gazing at me, for to come to the mission. They did not look like they had never before looked upon a white face. bad people, so we thought we would go and live A peculiar feeling comes over one to think that in the Mission Compound, but would not go to one's white face is the first such face another hu- their meetings. Then we heard singing which man being has seen. sounded good and we thought that this might be the place to find the true God. We sat outside to We were hungry and tired, for we had made listen and later we went in and sat in the rear. this ascent of 4,000 feet and had had nothing to Then we found the true God we had been seeking eat since seven in the morning. Our helpers con- and we forsook Buddha for Christ." The grandcluded that this was the time to conduct a service parents have passed on, but our Tibetan cook has for these Tibetans, and each in turn gave a mes- entered deeply into the Christian life and is now sage-including my Tibetan cook, a boy of seven- one of our strongest Christians. teen. The Tibetans listened eagerly and then bought every Gospel and tract we had. They A Tibetan lama student in one of the leading wished to buy also my Tibetan hymn book and lamasaries in Lhasa for twenty years left the offered me twice its value. We forgot our hunger, lamasary because he felt that he was not sinless. but I never before saw such hunger for scriptures He married and wandered around for three years and tracts. with his wife, who contracted tuberculosis. To- gether they came over Lipu Lekh Pass into our We have been told that in certain areas, pure valley as far as Sirkha, and there his wife died. Tibetans cannot be won for Christ, as their hearts Our Tibetan evangelist, Chirring, befriended this are impregnable to the Gospel. We have not lama, Lobsang, and invited him to our Mission found it so. A Tibetan widow with two little sons Compound. Lobsang was impressed and finally came begging alms of Dr. Sheldon thirty-three renounced lamaism in April, 1929. He is now years. ago. She was told the story of Christ and conducting a Tibetan school and preaches the was asked to give up her beggar life, but she Gospel. In 1937 Lobsang and his family made an would not. The next year she came again and evangelistic tour into Tibet and brought back a yielded herself to Christ. She remained true to pure Tibetan, who came from a town eight days' her Lord for thirty years, first as matron and journey north of Lhasa. This man was baptized later as Bible woman, until she went two years on January 16th. Lobsang is now trying to win ago to be with her Saviour. Dr. Sheldon died in another Tibetan, who came a couple of months 1912', but Bunden continued as Bible woman all ago from the interior of Tibet.· Was it worth these years. One of her little sons is now a Tib- while befriending Lobsang? etan evangelist and the other a Christian tailor.

Modern Challenge to

By the REV. WILLIAM PATON, London Secretary of the International Missionary Council W HERE does the Christian missionary a world there may be religion, but religion will enterprise stand in this world of national- have become like other things just one among the ism, racialism, economic struggle, and other parts of life, ruled by its own law, an interauthoritarian states? It is not enough to show est among the many interests of man. I know no that mission hospitals do much good and that more terrible example of the secular spirit than Christian schools in the East and in Africa are the acceptance by religion of a specialized place lifting the burden of illiteracy from thousands. among the affairs of men. When religion, and In our typical modern struggles. is the missionary above all the Christian religion, abandons its enterprise relevant? claim to shed light and guidance upon the whole What is the characteristic modern issue? Let life of man and becomes one professionalized in- us go back a little in our own history. There was terest among a mass of others, we have the once something called Christendom. The word supreme secularism.

covered the idea ofa region of the world in which This was our state until these last years; but there was a civilization dominated by a single we are not facing that sort of world now. The great view of the world. In that medireval Europe, disintegration of human culture and the fading there was a common faith, a single Church, a gen- away of the central and life-giving belief in God erally accepted philosophy, and a recognition of was not an affair only of the scholar; there set in the unity of life, in such wise that, whether or not a deep disintegration of society. The World War men kept the Christian moral law, it did not occur hastened the process. One can speak only with to them to suggest that, for instance, the world of great sympathy of the situation that faced Ger- economic life lay outside the boundaries of moral many, for instance, in these post-war years. To and spiritual rule. In that sense the whole of life see their country losing all its coherence and dig- was integrated around the truths of Christianity. nity may well Ikive men to desperate remedies.

We know how that world broke up; I am no And in many lands today, as we know so well,.

medirevalist and I am not suggesting that we there has come into view the new type of integra- regret that vanished world. There came the Ren- tion, or more truly the new type of religion. No aissance of learning and the Ref.ormation; nations longer do we face a negative kind of secularist arose in Europe and separate churches came into temper; we face the bold attempt to regiment the being. Natural science was reborn and as the life of man around the primacy of the nation, or years passed science was harnessed to production of blood, or of class, or of the State. This is what and industry and we had the industrial revolution. is meant by that ungainly word the "totalitarian"

Life became far more complicated as well as much State. It is more than merely nationalism or class- richer. But one great consequence followed. The loyalty. It is the claim that devotion to this cen- world of men-our Western world at least–':'no tral standard-race or blood, community or state, longer was integrated round the Christian view or class-has absolute worth, and that in obedi- of life. The life of European man became divided; ence and surrender to it man finds his whole the world of economics was believed to have its meaning.

own law and to be separated from that of ethics; In modern Germany we have a classical instance what was true there became true of all the parts of the struggle which such a mode of life must of life, and the characteristic of our Western entail upon the Christian Church. The Church in world was that it had no common governing idea that and in every land has two essential features and was not ruled by any universally accepted which make it the enemy of the totalitarian state.

view. Each part of life became a law to itself. They are, first, that every local or national Church This is what I understand by secularism; the is not only local or national but also a part of the loosening 'of the parts. of life from their proper universal Christian fellowship. It is therefore a uniting centre in the will of God, so that not only constant reminder of a fellowship and loyalty is there no God acknowledged but there is no wider than that of the nation. But the other rea- other dominating idea to take His place. In such son goes. deeper. It is the fact that in the last r 399]

analysis the Church is' not a human society only- work, only more rapidly than in the West. Among not a sort of club that we have formed to carry educated Hindus today one finds everywhere a out purposes of our own, but is a society divine lack of belief and a communal loyalty that has as well as human. It is human and therefore nothing at all to do with true religion. In such a stained with the sins of humanity; but its origins country as Egypt you will find Moslems of educa- lie in the Divine love and it is still the Body of tion and earnestness, but for many of them, real Christ in which His Spirit dwells. So that in the faith has gone and what is left is a keenly national last resort the Church of Christ can only obey consciousness cloaking itself in religious dress.

God first and can never assent to any other pri- In such countries it is inevitable that the same mary loyalty. sort of process should be followed as we have If we look at the world of our Western life, we traced in our Western world. A force of integra- see a society that once was Christian and now is tion there must be; life must have a common pagan, with Christian forces and groups at work energizing centre. Thus we find the old cry of within it; that the emptiness' of a purposeless Pan-Islam wholly discredited in the Mohammedan society is being for myriads today filled by the countries, and nationalism or, as in Turkey, a keen worship of new gods; that these gods are in fact racial loyalty taking its place. In India you see only Man himself, worshipped in some group such a portent as the opening and consecration of manifestation; and that as against all this there a temple in which there is no object of worship is today only one force, small and weak as it may except a great marble relief map of India- seem, that is inescapably committed to a wholly Mother India, into which the spirit of the god is different view. That force is the love of God in called as in other idols of Hinduism.

Christ with the transformation of life and the In Japan and her empire we see most plainly total view of the world ·and the active fellowship the rise of the new nation-state worship. It is an that accompany it. The Church with all its weak- ancient thing there, for the doctrine of the divine nesses is still the fellowship in which men cannot Emperor, his descent from the Sun-Goddess, and be thought of as submerged in racial or commu- the divine quality of the Japanes.e nation go back nity groups, or as mere automata in the interplay to the dawn of Japanese history. Yet is it not of economic forces, because men 'are known as certain that a country like Japan, in which there those whom God made for Himself and for whom is an almost unparalleled concentration of wealth Jesus Christ was content to die. in a few hands, must be exposed almost more than But this attempt to analyze our modern prob- others to the social strains that aooompany such lem has referred only to what used to be called an economic organization? It can hardly be a Christendom. What of the rest of the world? mere coincidence that in this modern world, sub- Do we realize to what a vast extent this same ject universally to the influences I have tried to process of disintegration and this same drift away sketch, there should be felt in Japan the need to from the religious centre of life have appeared in strengthen the claim of the nation-state and to the East also, and in Africa? In Africa the mat- use the old doctrine for this purpose.

ter is perhaps. plainer than in any other place. So it is that in Japan itself, and far more reso- One does not need to have lived in Africa to com- lutely and indeed ferociously in Korea, Formosa prehend something of what it means that, for and in the nominally independent but actually instance, tribesmen come great distances to labor puppet state of Manchukuo, we find the rites of in the copper mines, there to exchange the life of emperor worship, or a rite akin to it, pressed upon the tribe, in which the individual hardly exists the schools and the colleges. It is explained that and the tribal group is everything, for the life of the rites are not religious, but merely patriotic.

a modern industrialized settlement where a man This is not the place to argue this matter in detail, is forced to become an individual. But consider but I feel that when this claim is made it is meant the countries with the ancient religious cultures. really that the rites defined as patriotic, are more Hinduism has never been a religion only in the important than religion. It is the determination sense that it offered a religious consolation and of those who rule events in that empire to lay guidance to the individual; it has been a social down as the foundation of life the absolute accept- system and upon its precepts and governing ideas ance of the State. When you have that, then you a whole society rested. The word "caste" will may have your private religion – your sectarian suggest all that is. bound up in this statement. Or Shinto or your Buddhism or your Christianity.

again Islam has never been a reJi.gion in the nar- But that absoluteness of claim and of range which row sense; it has claimed to provide an under- we associate with religions is reserved for the standing of the whole of life. It has indeed been patriotic claim symbolized by the patriotic rite.

a boast of Moslem scholars. that Islam offered a It is therefore no matter for surprise that the synthesis of sacred and secular. But today we see Christian Church in these lands should be suspect.

exactly the same process of disintegration at I would only say here–for there are many things

THE MODERN CHALLENGE TO CHRISTIANITY

it is not expedient t.o say-that my own touch in .of economic forces, or a pawn in national policy, recent months with them left me with a clearer or that He is. in fact these and these alone. The and a more poignant sense of the meaning of the Christian faith, in basing man's dignity on God's Church in the modern world than I have ever had. love, offers the only ground on which that dignity and freedom can be maintained. Can we now gather up something of what this rough and most imperfect sketch suggests? Sec.ond, the Christian Church offers in the Christian fellowship something that transcends It is the inescapable and eternal paradox of the barriers of nations, race, and class. Where man's life that he cannot find peace within him- it fails to do this it is plainly false to itself; where self but only as. he returns to God. When he de~ it does this it is plainly true to itself and its parts from God-and even from the gods of the Founder. .old faiths of the East-he finds that the disorder of his life demands a commanding centre, and he Third, and here we touch the centre of the makes a god out of some part of his human endow- Christian struggle in our modern world, the ment-race and blood, or class, or nati.on. But Christian Church is a society not only human but that god not only leads him to war and strife and also divine, owing allegiance to God and pointing internecine feud, it demands also the total sub- beyond all human associations and loyalties, merging of the individual in the grQUp .or mass claims and obligations, t.o the unshared majesty or totality. of God and the absoluteness of His will, the pri- macy of His kingdom. The Christian asserts three things in opposition to this modern idolatry: First, we declare that In this struggle there is no East and West. It man is created by God, in His spiritual image, tQ is the peculiar significance of the Christian misdo His will in loving obedience, and that in the sionary movement that it symbolizes the univerpassion and death of Jesus Christ there is ex- sality of the Christian Church and provides the hibited the value that God set upon man. It is means whereby the older church can aid and not possible for Christians to agree that any .one, strengthen the younger in facing what is essenfor whom the Lord Jesus Christ was CQntent to tially and .universally a common task. die, should be a mere racial unit, or a plaything TRENDS IN MODERN MISSION WORK By THE REV. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D.D.

Formerly Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.

1. Transfer of leadership and ownership to the national Christians of each land at the earliest possible moment.

2. Recognition more fully .of the responsibility of governments and to cooperate with them in so far as fundamental Christian principles allow.

3. Efforts to encourage and conserve the values of indigenous religion and culture wher- ever found, seeking always to domesticate Christian ideals and institutions in the environment and tradition of each land.

4. Purpose to maintain, as may be necessary, the distinction between Christianity and so- called Christian civilization.

5. Interpretation of the Christian message in such a way as to make it applicable to the total life of a people.

6. Desire to make evangelism complete byemphasizing the Christ-spirit as the saving ele- ment in all processes of social improvement.

7. Stressing the improvement of rural communities as the special need of the hour.

8. Endeavors to offer motive and guidance in the effort to save the people of the East from the mistakes of the industrial order of the West.

9. Work for the consolidation of the Christian forces throughout the world.

10. In the selection and training of missionary personnel, insistence upon the highest de- gree of efficiency attainable. .

11. Preaching the eternal Gospel by word and in terms that men and women of this age will understand.

12. Attempts to find in the leadership and saving power of Christ the only hope of a dis- tressed and bewildered yet spiritually hungry world.

Sunday Schools Over the World*

By REV. ROBERT M. HOPKINS, D.D., New York Secretary of the World's Sunday School Association A S WE look over the world today it is increas- Word to the people than the Sunday School. Even .l'. ingly difficult to decide which nations may in the lands ""here antagonism to the Bible prebe called Christian and which are non- vails, Sunday School pupils grow up to have a Christian. Some lands that have had within their very keen appreciation of the Book. An illustra- borders a preponderance of people affiliated with tion will be helpful. In spite of the fact that the Christian Church are today following pro- Puerto Rico has the largest Sunday School enrol- cedures that are decidedly not Christian. Other ment of any Spanish-speaking area in the world, lands that have been known as, "heathen" are there is a distressing lack of copies of Spanish today conspicuous. for their forbearance and other Bibles throughout the Island. A little girl, whose Christian virtues under the most difficult circum- parents are affiliated with the Roman Church, stances. somehow found her way into an evangelical In lands that have been known as "heathen" Sunday School, and with the consent of her par- and where the Christian Church is young, and ents she became a regular attendant. As her the vast majority of the people have not as yet birthday approached, her father and mother pre- openly identified themselves with Christ, the Sun- pared a party, with invited guests and special day School 'is a great factor in the spread of the refreshments. When asked what present she de- Gospel and in Christian training. It is chal- sired most of all she said, "I want a copy of the lenging at the outset to learn that in Africa, Latin Bible." This request grew out of her attendance America and Asia the Sunday School is making at the Sunday School. Her parents discovered its greatest numerical advance today. In Africa to their amazement that they were unable to buy during the past fou.r years the Sunday School has a copy of the Bible in any of the regular book made more than half the net total gain of the stores, but she was not satisfied until a copy was entire world; South America came second. What procured. Thus the Word of God found an hon- are some of the reasons for such progress? ored place in an influential home that had hitherto First, the principal constituency of the Sunday not possessed a copy.

School is the children. Young people and adults Various kinds of related Christian literature mayor may not be enrolled in mission lands, ac- have also grown up with the Sunday School move- cording to whether the standards that prevail ment. Ofttimes in mission lands Lesson Helps have come from America or Great Britain. But were at first mimeographed copies of the patient everywhere the Sunday School serves the chil- work of some missionary. Frequently the surplus.

dren. Thus its contrihution is made in the plastic materials are sent from Sunday Schools in more period of life. A single illustration will suffice. favored lands. These are greatly in demand, par- In a Sunday School rally in Aleppo, Syria, chil- ticularly the colored picture charts and picture dren came from a wide variety of home back- cards. In the village of India, the forests. of Af- ground. When asked if any child wished to send rica, the crowded lands of Korea, especially in a message to the Sunday School children of the lands like the Philippines where English is known, world, a little lad arose and said in Arabic that such used materials are never sufficient to meet he wished to send the message : "We ought to love the demands. The street Sunday Schools in Egypt one another." This boy had been raised in a and Wayside Sunday Schools in other lands are Yezidee home where the basic doctrine is one of made possible by grouping the children for the hate, rather than love. He had learned the mes- first time about the picture rolls, and by giving sage of love in the Sunday School. out Httle picture cards.

A second reason is that the Sunday School is A recent report from China indicates that the concerned with the study of the Bible. Many National Committee for Christian Religious Edu- agencies are uniting to spread the Christian cation has published ever since the outbreak of Scriptures around the world, but none make their hostilities, a special Sunday School paper giving task more directly related to the teaching of God's simple teaching material for use in refugee camps.

• See Frontispiece. One copy of this publication has a picture of the r 402] soldier camp in the background, while a little National Committee for Christian Religious Education in China Chinese lad gives thanks for the bowl of rice of which he is about to partake. Thus,even in times Congo Protestant Council (Sunday School Committee for of war and distress, the children are taught to the Belgian Congo) thank God for the temporal blessings of life. Sunday School ASEOciation in Czechoslovakia Egypt and Sudan Sunday School Union Latin America has oeen one of the leaders in Esthonian Sunday School Union the development of indigenous Sunday School lit- India Sunday School Union erature. A graded series of lessons has been pre- National Sunday School Association of Japan pared, most of it written by Latin American au- Sunday School Association of Jugoslavia thors and largely published on presses in Mexico, Korea Sunday School Association Latvian Sunday School Union Puerto Rico, Argentina, Chile and other Latin Madagascar Sunday School Union fields. Brazil has also developed its Portuguese Concilio Nacional De Iglesias Evangelical (Mexico) literature, the demand for which has exceeded Bible Lands Union for Christian Education (Palestine, the Sunday School enrolment, since many outsiders are eager to have the lessons. Syria and Transjordania) Alianza Evangelica De Peru Philippine Committee of Christian Education The Sunday School has been greatly blessed as Sunday School Association of Poland a means for securing cooperation among the vari- Comrr.ittee on Christian Education of the Association of Evangelical Churches of Puerto Rico ous denominational churches. The World's Sun- National Christian Council of Siam day School Association is a federation of fiftyone national (or in a few instances international) We have not called the roll of the cooperating organizations each of which represents the organizations in lands where the work of the churches within a given area that desire to coop- churches has been long established. To include erate in Christian education. No ecumenical or- them would bring the number up to fifty-one con- stituent units of the World's Sunday ganization is more widely representative. In many School Association.

lands cooperation began in a An especially gratifying outreach of the Sunday School union. Sunday School movement has recently A recent visit to Cuba re- been witnessed in lands where the East- vealed the way this move- ern Orthodox churches have predominated.

ment is going forward. There Early approaches of West- is no organization there that ern missionaries were often brings Christian churches to- resented as proselytizing. In gether to consider their com- recent years the organization mon task. A conference held within the Orthodox church- in Havana upon the invita- es has opened new doors.

tion of the World's Sunday One of the first approaches School Association, resulted of the Sunday School was in a representative attend- SUNDAY SCHOOL BOYS IN INDIA made to the ancient Church ance from the seven evangel- of Armenia in the Near East.

ical churches. There was an outspoken desire to A loyal son of the Apostolic church, Levon Zenian, have some agency created that would enable them eager to serve his people, was introduced to the to work together in the task of Christian edu- Armenian prelates in 1929 and with their cordial cation. approval began the organization of Sunday The Sunday School has been thus at the very Schools. His work has been inspiring and has heart of cooperation in the Christian enterprise made· possible many new bonds of fellowship.

in many lands for half a century. It seems easier Within the Greek Orthodox Church the Zoe move- for Christian forces to unite for the Christian ment, stimulated in part by what was occurring education of their children and youth than in any in other Eastern churches, has resulted in the other Christian activity. This has been especially true in mission lands. Note this inspiring list of organization of many Sunday Schools in that organizations charged with responsibility for co- ancient body. Following the historic example of operation in the work of Christian education: Robert Raikes in Gloucester, England, the Greek Orthodox Sunday Schools were first limited to Council of Religious Education in North Africa (Algeria) boys, but recently they have included girls. The EI Comite De Cooperacion De Las Republicas De La Plata leaders of the Zoe movement are in cordial fellow- (Argentina-Paraguay-Uruguay) Conselho Evangelico De Educacion Religiosa De Brasil ship with Sunday School leaders of other churches Burma Sunday School Union and attended the last World's Sunday School Con- Ceylon Sunday School Union vention in Oslo, with the sanction of the Holy Comision De Educacion Religiosa Del Comite Consultor Synod. If a banner had been awarded at the Oslo De Cooperacion de Chile electronic file created by cafis. org

Convention to the city which reported the largest movement for religious education has been wiped proportionate gain in its Sunday School enrolment out. Also the totalitarian states in many parts of during the previous four years, that banner would Europe are now drastically retarding the growth have gone to Athens. . of the Sunday School. In America the growing Another very vital contribution to Christian spirit of secularism has likewise slowed down the progress in mission lands has been through the rate of previous progress, while in Great Britain, pioneering of World Sunday School Conventions. where the modern Sunday School had its origin, Twelve of these world .gatherings have been held losses rather than gains· are recorded. It is rein the past fifty years and each was widely repre- markable that, in the face of such adverse condisentative of the Sunday Schools in many nations. tions, there has been gain at all around the world. Three World Conventions have been pioneers in their respective lands-Jerusalem in 1904 in the This has been due to the so-called non-Christian Near East, Tokyo in 1920 in the Far East, and lands. In ~_me Latin American countries the Rio de Janeiro in 1932 in Latin America. These Sunday School enrolment has doubled within four representative gatherings of Christian leaders years. This movement is thus proving to be the from around the world have made great contributions to the lands visited. For the fourth time the medium whereby there is achieved a continued net gain of the total movement in behalf of Chris- tian education around the world today. .

Movement is proposing to pioneer with the first representative world gathering of Christian lead- ALL HAIL TO THE WOMEN! ers on the continent of Africa. The next World's The Central Committee on the United Study of Sunday School Convention is announced for Durban, South Africa, July 22 to 28, 1940. Thus one Foreign Missions This remarkable organization of women for the promotion of the study of foreign missions and the publication of missionary literature was or- ganized at the time of the Ecumenical Conference in New York in 1900. Now, after thirty-eight years of very effective service, it has closed its work of pUblication (July 1) and has turned it over to the Missionary Education Movement, with which the Central Committee has been cooperat- ing. Miss Abbie B. Child was the first chairman of the Committee. Mrs. Peabody, one of the or- ganizers, was the efficient chairman of this Com- mittee for thirty years. Miss M. H. Leavis has been the agent for the literature and is largely re- A SUNDAY SCHOOL IN LAPAZ, BOLIVIA sponsible for its successful business operation.

century after Livingstone left Scotland to make Other women leaders who have been very active his first momentous journey to the then almost include-Mrs. John T. Gracey, Miss Margaret unknown Dark Continent, a pilgrimage is planned Hodge, Mrs. Helen B. Montgomery, Mrs. Fredin which thousands of Christian workers from erick G. Platt and Miss Gertrude Schultz (the many lands will trek to Africa, now the continent most recent chairman). The Committee has pubwith the largest actual gain in Sunday School lished forty-eight senior textbooks, besides hymadvance of them all. nals, junior and kindergarten books and a chil- dren's magazine Everyland. The total number of We must not overlook the contribution which Committee books sold number 3,770,947 copies. the spread of the movement in mission lands is Three of the textbooks have been translated into making to the Christian cause ata time when in one or more of the following languages: Chinese, so many parts of the world Christianity seems to Japanese, Tamil, Urdu and German. The books be retrograding. The report for the last Conven- published by this Committee form a remarkable tion, held in Oslo in 1936 (gathered by World missionary library, covering practically the whole Dominion Movement at the request of the World's world, viewed as a Christian mission field.

Sunday School Association), was in many ways the most comprehensive review of Sunday School In one New York public school a recent religious census progress ever compiled. It showed a total Sun- showed that out of 457 "Protestant" pupils only 33 had day School enrolment for the world of 37,285,519. religious instruction in any church school. The New York This is a net gain of 894,579 over the report for Federation of Churches estimates that only one-half of the previous quadrennium. At the same time it the children of the city are receiving any religious train-. should be remembered that in Russia the entire ing under church auspices-Protestant, Roman Catholic or Jewish.

Practical Value of Missions to Pastors*

By PROF. ARCHIBALD G. ADAMS t Chair of World Religions and Missions, Temple University Philadelphia .nA.S A MISSIONARY for twelve years, bO'rn with preachers who are mostly underpaid, as they and bred and almost buried in the mission- see money gQing for unseen, unappreciated needs ary tradition and purpose, I am vitally interested in interesting young ministers in mis- elsewhere while their O'wn needs are sO' painfully sions, even more than I am in securing new re- present and felt. As prQtagonists. O'f the missioncruits for WQrld service. It is a difficult task, and ary cause, they are defenceless against the critifor several reasons. First there is the depressiO'n cisms O'f their people whO' seek every excuse to which has driven many churches tQrO'b Paul, the escape gIvmg. Thus they endanger their popmissionary, to pay Peter, the preacher. An Epis- ularity by supporting missions. copal Bishop was visiting the rector in one O'f the parishes of his diQcese, and as he left his auto- Moved by these conditions and cO'nsiderations it has been my purpose to' be as practical as posmobile he carefully lO'cked it. The rector ex- sible in ,presenting the .subject to my classes in claimed, "You don't need to' lock your car arO'und Temple University. I recall the resentment I felt here, Bishop, we're all honest." "I'm not sO' sure in college on being compelled to take courses that of that," replied the Bishop, "hasn't your church seemed of nO' possible use to me in my life work, been taking the missionary money for current ex- and the joy I experienced in the theological sempenses?" inary because all my studies were more or less geared into my preparation for service. There- SecO'nd, the effects of the Laymen's inquiry re- fQre it has been my intention to present the subport, "Rethinking Missions." Its unfortunate ject of missiQns in the most practical way in order publicity played up the failures of missionary work and soft-pedalled the successes. to' meet the O'bjectiO'ns to' missions and to' meet the need of ,pastors for information and training in Third, the keen competition in the ministry, missionary sermQn preparation. compelling young seminary students to bend every effort to prepare themselves for the demands of The Need for Information About Missions the pastorate, leaves, little time for so unrelated an interest as world missions. From my experience in teaching missions to As a pastor fO'r eleven years, I can sympathize high school students I did not expect to find much with the difficulties pastQrs experience in interesting their people in a subject on which the pas- knowledge of the subject on the part of seminary tors themselves are very slightly informed, and often greatly misinformed. There is hardly a students, but I was not prepared to find so little. subject on which the O'rdinary pastO'r feels it his None had ever heard of Adoniram Judson and duty to preach, or is compelled by his church rules to preach, which he finds SO' hard, dry and lifeless O'nly a few had heard of David Livingstone! At as the missiQnary sermQn. This attitude is naturally reflected in the sermon, and his people come least there would be novelty in the subject for the to' share his attitude. Then, too, in these days, O'f reduced income, one cannQt help sympathizing students, and their surprised delight at finding the subject so interesting was most encouraging.

Their need for information has been met in my classes in the following ways: (1) The history of missions has been made in- teresting by likening it to' a Prayer Rosary. This is an appropriate figure because most religions • CQndensed frQm a paper read at a HartfQrd Seminary CQnfer- use rosaries and the Prayer Rosary is a way by ence Qf ProfessQrs Qf MisslQns, 1938. which Christians have been helping to answer t the'Ir prayer: "Thy KI' ngdom, Corne."The lI'nks TahnQdugfhorI mhaanvye tyaeuagrhs t haadvuelttaBuigbhlet cmlaissssieQsnsmOinore ytQhuanng hpaeIQt pmle'ys f the ChaI'n h ave b een supplI' ed'In the connectI' ng life, 0 summer assemblies, I dQ nOot pretend tOo be a specialist In the field facts of each periQd Qf histQry; each student has Qf teaching. I Qwe my apPQintment tOo the Chair of WOorld RellgiQns and MissiQns at Temple University tOo the fact that I have spent a supplied a pearl in the chain, each pearl being the quarter of a century Qn the fQreign mission field, half as a bQY receiving vivid impressiOons Oof Qld China, and later as a missiOonary critical and atpapkreenciaf trQivme recponosret couft. Itvhee lip. feerloofdssomI.ne fQr 12 years tOo Western China, the rapidly changing China Oof tQday. mi"SSIQnary I attacked my new task at Temple University in the same way in Church history. These reports were read in class which I apprQach this subject, nQt as a specialist in educatiQn, careful tOo Qbserve the laws Oof pedagQgy, but as a missiQnary first, f::dt';~ N~ini~~k ~~~~~:~t!~.~~~ g~sl.eleven years have been spent [405 ]

at their chronological place in history. Each source of great satisfaction. One actually bought report of from 2,500 to 3,000 words covered the for his own library everyone of the eight mis- following points: a brief outline of the mission- sionary books assigned for his reading, after he ary's life; the influences which led him to enlist had read the library copies.. Of Morrow's life and his preparations for service; a description of Judson, entitled "Splendor of God," another of the most worth-while accomplishment of the student wrote in his review, "Thank you for put- missionary ; criticism of the least praiseworthy ting this on the required reading list. It is abso- missionary methods and attitudes; the suitability lutely the most -inspiring and gripping book I ever of his message in the light of present-day stand- read." Another said that missionary biographies ards; lastly, a portrayal of the most inspiring and "had so stimulated his thirst for more" that he impressive characteristics of the missionary. was reading biographies which had not been as- As far as possible each student chose the mis- signed, duri~_ his vacation, for pleasurable in- sionary he preferred; only a few had to take sec- spiration. .Another outstanding senior enthused ond choices. At each of our two-hour sessions over Brockman's "I Discover the Orient," saying throughout the semester a paper was read, taking that it had opened a window to better understand- about half an hour. In spite of a limited mission- ing and appreciation of the Chinese. A serious- ary library, by the end of the semester the stu- minded student wrote: "The life of Adoniram dents had come to know about sixty home and Judson by his son, Edward Judson, challenged me foreign missionaries, half of them thoroughly. with the question, would I be willing to serve They were assigned readings in other missionary Christ at such sacrifice? I thank God for having biographies, besides their individual assignments. read this book, and hope that if such a command (2) The students' need for information was comes I will be found in His will and not my own."

also met by the study of some fourteen mission- Yet another student laughingly declared that he ary magazines. They had to appraise these mag- always left his mission assignments to the last, azines, and classify, giving their reasons. Then because his weariness of mind and flesh from as- they described an ideal magazine that they be- signments in other courses would always be dis- lieved would meet all needs. In this way they in- pelled by the inspiration in his miss,ionary read- directly gleaned much information and learned ing. He would retire refreshed in body, mind and where more could be secured. The examination soul ~rom the stirring information he had secured.

called for a letter to the editor of each student's After making due allowance for a desire to get denominational periodical, making criticisms and a good grade, the character of students making suggestions. such testimonies, convince me that missions, if (3) Information was also imparted through given half a chance, can be made most interesting the eye-gate, both by the professor's own stereop- and inspiring. But the subject must find good ticon slides and, in one course, by the missionary soil in which to bear fruit. It is usually the most slides secured from various denominational head- intelligent, earnest and slerious-minded students quarters, the students delivering the lectures who respond most enthusiastically to the appeal themselves during the first half hour, followed by of the heroic in missions.

criticisms from other students. We must let missions slpeak for themselves in (4) For one course that presented "A minis- the following ways: ter's brief for world missions," information was (1) Reading good biographies of missionaries. provided in lectures and by 'assigned readings.. (2) Reading stories and bi,ographies of native (5) In the course on a "Critique of Modern converts to Christ. Bishop Frederick B. Fisher, in Missions," based on the Laymen's Report, a criti- his testimony to ministers of Buffalo at their ancal judgment was developed to evaluate informa- nual retreat some years ago, said: "When I went tion, and data on the outstandingly successful to India as a missi,onary my heroos were all ,of my missionary enterprises was given to the students own race: Livingstone, Carey and Judson. Now through missionary periodicals. my Christian her,oes are of another race: men In these five ways much information has been like Kagawa of Japan,and Sadhu Sundar Singh supplied in interesting ways. of India, and Sun Yat-sen of China."

The Students' Need for Inspiration (3) Many stories of missionary heroism and sacrifice were gleaned from the lives of my own To save missions from its reputation of being parents and other missionaries I have known.

one of the dryest subjects taught in seminaries it There are books like "Waste Basket Surgery" by was with no little concern that I undertook' to Dr. Gordon Seagrave.

make the subject inspiring to our School of The- (4) A study of Christ's missionary spirit, ology students. That most of them found the teaching and practice as the minister's chief missions courses unexpectedly inspiring was a source of inspiration.

THE PRACTICAL VALUE OF MISSIONS TO PASTORS

The Pastor's Need for Missionary Defence JudsQn's challenge to missionary effort, they grew by leaps and bounds until today they are 90 times At the outset of a course entitled "The Minis- as great (9,000,000) in a little over 100 years. ter's Brief for World Missions," the class was We read that in the Baptist churches in Lincoln's asked to bring in all the criticisms they have home town in Illinois, the majQrity refused to supheard in opposition to WQrld missions. These port foreign missions. Today thQse anti-missionwere met as fully and frankly as possible; then ary-minded churches are practically dead, while a series .of lectures followed which aimed to do the missionary minded churches have over 50,000 two things.: (1) to provide the students with the members in .one ass.ociation. most convincing arguments for maintaining world missions; and (2) to provide them with the foun- What would Sunday school teachers do without dation supports fQr a year's series of monthly ser- missionary stories? mons, which, with topical variations, could last them for a life time. Grenfell's mother was right when she said: "Labrad.or has doOne much more for my son than In selecting the eight most cogent arguments my son has done f.or the Labrad.or." for missions I am aware of what my friend Guy W. Sarvis, formerly a missionary in China, writes If there were no missions in the Christian in his review of Sewell's "China Through a, College Window." There Sarvis says: "The time Church we would have to invent s.omething like has passed to defend missions on the basis of Biblical texts and abstract ethics. They must be them to keep the Church alive and growing. evaluated for their worth to the persons and communities. directly involved as well as for their (3) Because we owe a debt to the past t.O pass significance in international relations at a time on the Gospel to the future. A mother and child, when the world is contracting physically in in East Aurora, New York, attended a missionary airplane tempo, while doctrines of national sep- service. When the mother put nothing in the colaratism are supplanting the ideal of human broth- lection basket, the child said: "Mother, aren't you erhood. The missionary process is essentially one going to pay for me?" Could that mother ever pay of the impingement of cultures, inevitable in the for her Christian home, husband, church, land and modern world, good or bad in terms of concrete Gospel? Never, yet someone had to pay! "The effects." noble army, men and boys, the matIlon and the maid," martyrs and pioneers, all the way back to While we attempt to apply this truth we do not the Cross, where the greatest price was paid, tesabandon the authority of the Bible as part of the tify that "We are not our own; we have been defense of missions, because in the rightly selected bought with a price." G€neral Pershing, when passages we find the support which Jesus Christ he laid the wreath at Lafayette's tomb in France, gave to world missions in spirit, teaching and said, "Lafayette, we are here." Should we not practice. Hence the first argument, practically say to the dead champions of the faith, pioneer the only Biblical one, is: missionaries who gave their all, to Christ and to spread the Gospel we now enjoy: "Pioneers, (1) Because Jesus taught and practised world we are here" ! missions. In this lecture the student is shown, in some cases for the first time, how Jesus gave much (4) Because the sacrifices of missionaries must of His time and effort to preaching to the Gentiles not be in vain. Using the theme of Col. John Mcof His own country. As He was almost lynched Crae's poem: "In Flanders Field": by fellow townsfolk because He said He was going to preach to the Gentiles owing to the Jewish To you from failing hands we throw the Torch; Be yours to hold it high! indifference and unresponsiveness, so the preacher If ye break faith with us who die of today, to be truly like his Master, must expect We shall not sleep, though poppies grow in Flanders field. to meet opposition from unenlightened fellow Christians to the world missionary program. But We read of heroic sacrifices of missionaries, of we must not, for that reason, desist from earnest missionary mothers, missionary children, of pareffort to spread the Gospel. ents at h.ome who have given their children for foreign service; sacrifices.of devoted Christians (2) Because the Christian Church needs world in the h.ome churches, to supp.ort missionaries. missions to keep it Christ-like and growing, by the As Paul said: "I .take pleasure in necessities for challenge of a great task, such as world missions Christ's s·ake." If soldiers, explorers, and scienpresents. "They who live unto themselves, die tists are ready to make sacrifices f.or their coununto themselves." TQ deny is to die, to give is try, why should we not be ready to sacrifice for to live. This is true of churches as of individuals. Christ? Baptists in 1818 numbered only 158,000. But, mainly because .of the spiritual effect of accepting (5) Because we should give of our best to atone for the w.orst we have given. Review of the his- tory of the white man's invasions of colored races -American Indian; African slave trade; parti- tion of Africa; Mexican conquest by Spaniards;

South American conquest; the occupation of In- lined in the previous. headings) so that they can dia, Australia, New Zealand, and other parts of repeat the main theme with variations made effec- Oceania; the semi-partition of China. Albert tive by fresh illustrations. These can be obtained Schweitzer of Africa says: "A heavy guilt rests from missionary magazines. More than forty stu- upon our Christian culture," and he adds that he dents voluntarily took out a year's SUbscription to is there to try to make some atonement. a missionary magazine, and have been enthusiastic (6) Because those who sit in darkness deserve readers of it.

to share in the light of the world. Multitudes Popular magazines also sometimes supply mis- earnestly follow what light they have, though this sionary stories and articles. These are at work is often superstition; many have an earnest in minds of people who never read a missionary hunger for the truth; they are ready to make magazine. Missionary books, especially biog- sacrifices for their own religions; they suffer raphies of nY.ssionaries, are a fertile source of through ignorance, superstition, and wrong. The inspiring illustrations-stories of work, stories of least we can do is to share with them the greater converts, the products of missions. Other good light we have from Christ. missionary literature can be secured from denom- (7) Because when they have the light non- inational headquarters.

Christian peoples often rn,a,ke the best Christians. The suggestion is also made that five minutes While it is all that American Christians can do to may profitably be devoted during the Sunday get an hour or two of religious programs a day morning service to reports on missionary events over the air, the Chinese Christians of Shanghai and progress, under some such title as, "The March have their own broadcasting station and fill the of Missions" or "News Not in the Newspapers."

air with Christian messages all day long. If made brief and pointed, such a feature will edu- (8) Because the kingdom of G,od cannot come cate and inspire the congregations.

fully anywhere until it comes everywhere, and it Good missionary drama is immensely effective, cannot be accomplished without the help of Chris- and suggestions are made as to ways in which this tians of every race and nation. America could can be used. Lists of recommended missionary not be kept "dry" under prohibition, largely be- drama (one is by Rev. La Rue Cober of Colgate cause of wet Canada to the north and Mexico to Rochester Divinity School, Rochester, N. Y.) are the south, and wetter Europe across the Atlantic, distributed to the students and they or their wives so no land can ever beoome fully Christian until urged to try their hands at similar drama. every land has accepted Christ and His way of life. As Lloyd George said to Stanley High: "If The Need for Example and Practice missions fail, the rest of us will have to shut up shop!" , The seminary chapel furnishes an opportunity for the students to hear missionary speakers, as The Need for Missionary Ammunition examples of how (as well as, how not) to preach "The best defence is an offence," militarists tell on mISSIons. One speaker, using stereopticon us. The preacher needs ammunition for mission- slides, unsllspectingly furnished a good opportu- ary sermons and guidance in dropping his bombs. nity for the students to criticize pro and con, in The strategy of the Trojan horse is a wise prece- the light of their class training.

dent for the .general who would take the enemy of Only practice makes perfect. The practice pro- missions unawares. When one student started vided for the students was in sermon construction, his sermon with the bald statement: "This is a and in presentation of missionary lectures with missionary sermon," he was warned that he had stereopticon pictures in the classroom, and sermon made a tactical error before he had a chance to delivery in their own churches.

be heard. Opponents of missions close their ears Sermon construction was after this manner.

and hearts at the outset, while others need not be The professor assigned missionary books on told. The "Trojan horse strategy" is to iriter- which sermons were to be written, then to be sperse sermons with int~resting missionary illus- preached by those students who were supplying trations, occasionally at first, until an appetite for pulpits. Thus they "killed two birds with one such food has been stimulated, and a demand is stone," a feat which students alw'ays appreciate.

created for missionary sermons. Then give mis- Those students who had churches where they sionary sermons attractive, catchy titles, such as could preach the sermons prepared in class, re- Modern Miracles of the Master; Good News from ported impressions made upon their congrega- Far Countries; Saddle-Bay Surveyors of the tions.

Kingdom; Jesus the First World Missionary; At the beginning of each two-hour class half an Are Christians Color Blind? hour was given to stereopticon lectures by the Students are urged to collect clippings and students two at a time, each taking turns prac- notes on each of the arguments for missions (out- ticing the mechanics of running a stereopticon

RELIGIOUS PROBLEMS OF A MIDWEST CITY

lantern, andgIvmg the message. At the close sermons, because they have information and inthe students criticized the presentation and the spiration, and confidence in their ability to put mechanics, before the professor made his contri- the message across. bution. One of the examination questions called for a list of instructions as to the physical, mental Great encouragement to this method of teachand spiritual preparation for the presentation of ing missions comes from the fact that one student missionary lectures to guide the novice. Students was so much interested in his study of the history were also asked to criticize the quality of mission- of missions in the Caribbean islands (on which no ary lectures supplied by their denominational book has been written so that no little research headquarters, and to compose a letter to the au- on his part was necessary) that he submitted a thorities making suggestions. master's thesis, illustrated with handmade maps of every Caribbean island. The assignment had Thus the students are helped to become efficient been for a 3,000 word paper, and the student had in the presentation of missionary material so that not yet graduated. To have aroused such interest they will no longer dread that duty but will look in a missionary subject is one indication that the forward with pleasure to preaching missionary methods work.

Religious Problems of a Midwest City By REV. L. MERLE RYMPH, Wichita, Kansas President of the Ministerial Association and Minister of the Fairmount Community Church, CongregatiQnal W HAT are the religious problems of a Mid- Street and Douglas Ave. According to the story west city? Even a superficial study of of pioneers, Douglas Avenue became the prized facts, made by a casual observer, would business and residence street by a mere chance reveal a series of religious problems in a city like circumstance, in that the cowboy surveyor who Wichita, Kansas. These problems grow out of flung his rope across Douglas Ave. used a 114-foot five contributing social factors: (1) the rapid rope instead of a 100-foot rope as intended. Be growth of the city, (2) the missionary zeal and that as it may, this prairie city developed as most optimism of its pioneer founders, (3) the rapid prairie cities tend to develop in the form of a shift of its population from an agricultural econ- "cross" with the original business center at the omy and life to an urban economy and life, (4) the intersection. Douglas Avenue, being the wider secularization of its common life, and (5) the ex- and more beautiful street, attracted the more perience of chastened optimism during the more desirable business and residential development.

recent depression years. Main Street became the center of industrial de- I velopment north and south, as well as the center of the less desirable business and residential de- In less than seventy years the virgin praIrIe velopment. That fact has had its bearing today has been overlaid with a city population of 117,000 on the types of churches and the success of church residents. In the year 1867 the spot on which the developments in the various sectors of the city.

city of Wichita now stands was vis,ited by a corps In considering the city's phenomenal growth, of government surveyors. and this territory was it is well to remember that the city's growth to a laid out in government homesteads, laying the large extent has been the result of the develop- foundation for the rigid pattern of the City's north ment of the Southwest trade territory. The trade and south, east and west streets. The shallow territory in a very real sense made the city. In ford and the grove of cottonwood trees at the 1871,·800,000 cattle were driven through this city intersection of the Little Arkansas and the Big to the nearest market. When the Santa Fe Rail- Arkansas Rivers was a normal meeting place and road was extended to Wichita in 1872, two mil- trading center for homesteaders. In the year lion dollars changed hands in Wichita in the ship- 1870 the two original town plots, laid out by two ping of cattle. In the next few years most of the pioneers, Munger and Griifensteing, were joined immediate trade territory was homesteaded. By and incorporated as the city of Wichita, fixing the 1885 the Board of Trade in Wichita was adver- two main business streets of the city as Main tising the southwest territory, as "the cream of

the Southwest, . its land as rich as the plains As evidence of the underchurched situation that of Belgium, its breezes laden with the perfume is ours, I submit some facts revealed in a study of wild flowers and apple blossoms as sweet as of Week-Day Religious Education in Wichita as ever blew over Ceylon's isle, . . . its corn fields made by the Board of Week-Day Religious Edustretching mile on mile, which will ere long be cation in the year 1935. That year 10,950 elekeeping rhythmic time to those breezes." Such mentary children were eligible to attend W. D. optimism, such faith in the Southwest, such busi- R. E. schools in the churches, for one hour one day each week. Of these 10,950 elementary chilness and commercial enterprise set the stage for dren that were eligible for such instruction, only the rapid development of the Southwest and in 5,371 were in public schools adjacent to churches turn the rapid growth of the city itself. It is that were able and willing to offer facilities and against this background of individual enterprise, leadership f~. such instruction. Five thousand agricultural and business advance, that the five hundred and seventy-nine other elementary churches of Wichita have functioned until recent children were enrolled in public elementary years. schools either not adjacent to churches or adjacent What has the rapid development of the South- to churches not able and willing to offer this inwest, and the rapid growth of the city, meant to struction to these children. The proportion of the the church life of Wichita? It has reflected itself children that should rightfully be looked upon as in the mood of the churches. The churches expect a Protestant opportunity and responsibility is to grow. They expect to be fed continuously by the transfer of members from the great Southwest indicated by the fact that of the 5,371 who had -hence the success of those churches in the South- the privilege of attending W. D. R. E. in adjacent west as feeders into the church life of Wichita has churches, able and willing to offer them instrucbeen of no small consequence. The churches like- tion, 4,032 accepted the opportunity offered them. wise have expected the wealth of the Southwest The lowest percentage attending from any public to transfer itself to Wichita and express itself in school where the privilege was offered was 84% the building of great churches here. The wealth of cattle, and wheat, and oil has been a major con- and the highest percentage 96 %. These pertributing factor to the financial prestige of many of· our city churches, and not a single established centages indicate the measure of Protestant opchurch continues to function today entirely inde- portunity in Wichita, if only Protestantism was pendent of the wealth of Wichita's trade territory. organized and eager to serve the city, i. e., if the city was adequately churched. In the number of churches that have been founded in Wichita and in the number of Prot- I know that there are those that argue that estant sects and churches that are endeavoring to such things as Boy Scouts, Girls Scouts, and W. D. continue to serve the city, it would appear that R. E. are not necessary features of the church much of the religious faith, so expressed, has been program. I know that there are those who still ill-advised. With the hopeful expectancy that fol- contend that a Sunday church program is suffilows pioneer individual enterprise, Protestant cient. Let me call attention to the fact that Sunchurches were established throughout Wichita day School attendance is not sufficient. I have with reckless abandon. Today we have, accord- only the figures on Sunday School enrolments at ing to the Saturday Church Page, 114 Protestant hand, and could only make a guess as to the regchurches and sects trying to serve the city. The ularity of Sunday School attendance. I would omit the wild guess in favor of the hard, known city may be, as some claim, 80 % Protestant re- facts. The study made in 1935 previously referred to also reveals the fact that throughout the city sponsibility, nevertheless, it would appear that it the average percentage of elementry school chilis beyond reason to expect 114 churches to accrue dren enrolled in Sunday School is only 58ro, the sufficient leadership and financial strength to adequately serve the needs of city people. Many of greatest percentage in any sector being 63 % and the churches are so weak and feeble that whole areas are unserved by the Boy Scout and Girl the lowest being 44 %. . Certainly these percent- Scout organizations. Many other churches make no attempt to set up Week-Day Schools of Reli- ages leave a clear picture of the underchurching gion because they feel themselves too weak in of Wichita by our present program of Sunday leadership and financial resources. Still other religious education through our Sunday Schools churches carryon very inadequate and low-grade in these 114 churches. Sunday programs of religious education and worship. Wichita is now underchurched because it A study of the relative childhood responsibiliis overchurched with inadequate church organiza- ties of neighborhood, subcenter, and downtown tions. churches is still more revealing. The same study referred to in the above paragraphs reveals that it took four downtown churches with a total mem- bership of 8,900 to care for 1,284 pupils in the Week-Day Schools of Religion. The study also

shows the fact tha.t at the same time three sub- ties. Right now the sense of competition exceeds center residential churches with a total member- the sense that is ours of cooperation in meeting ship of 1,750 were caring for 341 pupils in Week- our common religious civic responsibility. Day Religious Education. More surprising still is the revelation we find in the studies referred to, The Influence of Sectarianism that three outlying re!>idential churches of 1,400 total membership were supplying Week-Day Here one may face frankly the heritage that is ours of our frontier missionary zeal in the Religious Education facilities for 601 pupils. establishment of denominational and sectarian Certainly the cost of Week-Day Religious Educa- churches. On the Saturday Church Page of the tion and the leadership of these schools is not Wichita Eagle the 114 Protestant congregations very equitably divided in the system of W. D. R. E. are listed under 36 different denominational and as it now stands in Wichita. I understand that sectarian captions. I suspect that this listing since 1935 two of the downtown churches have minimizes the actual number of sectarian groupaccepted the responsibility of helping finance and ings. Protestantism in every city has its myriad types of churches and Wichita is no exception. promote schools in outlying unserved districts. All home mission boards in the early days were Yet only one-half of our elementary children are offered these opportunities of religious instruc- eager "to possess the land" and to gain their tion. Surely no one will deny the fact that a greater statesmanlike churchmanship must be ex- rightful place in this metropolitan center. A pressed if Wichita children are to be offered this study of the Saturday Church Page reveals that minimum of religious instruction. the individual with the most rare and sensitive taste should be able to find the congregation of In a Midwest city like Wichita, all churches his choice here. We have our defenders of the are accessible to the adult population on Sundays. faith and we have churches' most tolerant and lib- From the most distant outlying point the down- eral. We have rigid sectarian churches and we town sector can be reached by bus in 15 minutes have churches that practice intercommunion as and by car in 12 minutes. The Sunday program well as open communion. We have our highly liof churches then is highly competitive and. each turgical churches and our non-liturgical churches. church finds itself in real, though friendly com- We have national cultural churches transplanted petition with every other church in the city. The from European scenes and we have typical Amerbigger downtown churches have the prestige of ican churches. We have country churches that years, of central location, of greater numerical have merely moved to town and we have highly and financial strength, and of a more highly paid ,adapted city churches. We have the more regular staff. The outlying residential church has the typ,es of Protestant churches like Methodist, Bappower of neighborhood appeal, the social power tist, Presbyterian, Congregational, etc., and we of contiguous and intimate family and age-group have a more or less irregular list including Penterelationships, and the warm spiritual appeal of costal, Tabernacle, Mission, Spiritualist, The- osophy and Unity. We have churches that insist intimate understandings. The subcenter residen- on being known as Trinitarian and one that above tial churches, many of them, face the area of all things is' Unitarian. Then beyond Protestantgreatest human need as' indicated by juvenile de- ism are the seven Roman Catholic churches and linquency, transciency, low rents and divisive the one central Roman Catholic Cathedral. Bereligious competitions. Having served for 11 yond this the two Jewish synagogues, the orthoyears as pastor of the Fairmount Community Con- dox and the liberal, with which some measure of gregational Church, a residential church five miles fellowship exists through the local Round Table from the heart of the city, I am most familiar of the National Conference of Jews and Chriswith the adaptations that such a church must tians. make, majoring in its community responsibilities The problem of fellowship and cooperation in throughout the week, without minimizing those such a myriad situation at times becomes a most opportunities that remain for intensive religious baffling one. Some of the more recept questions work on Sunday. For my own part, I ch,eri@the that ,ha:v/il come up in cooperative church fellowspiritual heritage that is ours of religious''iree- ship cit.cles are these: "How can church groups dom, with the right of people to worship and;;erve work odt an effective cooperative publicity and wh.en and where they choose; but I do hope t.hat promotioriprogram?" "Just what churches should along with recognition of that freedom as Prot- be represented in the Council of Churches-more s,pecificalIy, are churches such as "The Reorganestants we can so enhance our sense of shared ized Church of the Latter Day Saints" and "The social and religious responsibility that the needs Unitarian Church" sufficiently like-minded and of residential, subcenter, and downtown churches alike in faith and practice to be welcomed into the will be adequately met, that these several types of churches may fulfil their God-given responsibili-

fellowship of these already in the Council?" churches which were thriving churches in 1888 "Just how far and in what way should the Prot- were so depleted in 1892 that the only way they estant ministerial group share its fellowship with could see their way clear to carryon was to merge the Liberal Jewish Rabbi, who is most fraternal their forces into one church. Some churches have and eager for greater fraternity?" "What part been left stranded, located in the center of illshall Protestantism play in championing the reli- advised real estate ventures that failed to work gious rights. of minority religious culture groups ?" out. Other churches have been made by being Finally this most perplexing modern problem: located in the center of rapidly developing resi- "How can the radio time offered by the two broad- dential territory. In the main all those churches casting stations be most equitably and effectively located in good time in the heart of the "city divided among the various religious groups within cross," north and south, east and west, have the city?" If the reader of this, article is inclined grown by leaps and bounds regardless of their to feel that these questions have no real signifi- denomination~t affiliation. The only churches to cance, it would be well to sit in on some of the exceed them in growth have been those first estabconferences where these items· are inadvertently lished and centrally located downtown near the and unexpectedly brought to the fore for solution. heart of the business sector. Location means Here they must be faced as factual and emotional much to a church. Nowhere is this more evident realities. Sometimes the emotional factor is the than in a growing city like Wichita, with its varymajor factor. The religious problems that now ing types of residential and industrial developcome to a focus in this post-home missionary ex- ment schemes. pansion period are the problems that arise out of the Babel of sectarians that insist on their rights Just a word about the mind-set of the people of being heard on the city's streets, yet are more who move from the farms to Wichita, for to a or less desirous of finding their unity of expres- very large extent the city is made up of those who sion with others at the point of common under- have moved here from its trade territory. The standing and purpose. population is homogeneous and, for the most part, native American stock. Some come from the rural The Changing City Populations area, crowded off of the farms either by the mech- anization of those farms or because of the fact In dealing with the religious. problems that that the families have been too large for homearise from a shift from an agricultural economy stead farms to support all members generation and life to an urban economy and life, many things after generation. They come to Wichita full of come to my mind, but I shall limit this treatise expectancy and hope, expecting to be absorbed in merely to those problems which arise out of real the industrial and commercial life of the city. estate promotion schemes and those that appear Many of them do find their permanent place in the in the mind-set of the city man, recently trans- work life of the community. Some rise to high planted from the rural to the urban scene. places in civic and religious leadership. Others are absorbed in the city's industrial and commer- When one begins to study the different real estate promotion schemes that have had their day cial activities for a time only. Many are "let out" in Wichita, one begins to suspect that at least in at 45 and younger. Then it is that the sense of this respect Wichita has just grown up "like lostness and conscious maladjustment seizes them Topsy." Many subdivisions of the city have been and they suffer severe disillusionments, growing sanely promoted and have come as a normal result out of their own false hopes and the inadequacies of the demands of a growing city. Charts made of our modern city civilization in making perfor the city planning commission as early as 1923 manent room for them. One could not catalogue indicate some 23 different city plots that were the personal, the home, the social and the spirannexed, undeveloped, tax delinquent, and va- itual difficulties that the alert pastor must face in cated. Since that time many of these have been the fulfilment of his day-by-day pastoral duties, reannexed and developed as residential sectors. ministering to city dwellers today. The burst of the real estate boom in 1887 was purely a resultant of wild land speculation that One tremendous opportunity that the city brought a stalemate to city growth for ten years. church has today is the religious opportunity of Fifty church fammes from one church group influencing various professional groups through alone moved their residence from Wichita to the channels of religious inspiration and counsel. Eureka because they thought it offered more se- This seems to be the growing edge of the church's curity for their religious colony, and a more per- responsibility in civic life. So much of the work manent location for a denominational school of the Christian pastor in these days must be done center. The church of which I am now pastor as a professional religious adviser on the city came into being in those years, when two young streets and in the marketplace. Jesus found the condition quite different in the temple of Jeru-

RELIGIOUS PROBLEMS OF A MmWEST CITY

salem and on the streets of the Holy City from inadvertently. Adults are caught today in the what it was on the plains of Palestine and along throes of diversified and competitive Sunday pulls, the quiet shores of Galilee. The city pastor today, until Sunday for many has become a nightmare, likewise, finds the demands of the city quite dif- instead of a day of rest and worship. Schools, ferent from that of the more distinctly rural field. particularly universities, tend more and more to Religious work in the city must be adapted to the use Sunday for extras such as rehearsals, open highly specialized interests represented in city house and public concerts. Recreational groups life. The churchman in the city must face with and institutions, particularly those heavily com- courage and vision the demands of the city and mercialized, make their appeal more and more to adapt the work of his organization to the meeting Sunday crowds. Certain industries and commer- of those apparent spiritual needs, if the church of cial enterprises feel that they must open Sundays, the city is to have transforming and redemptive and the fact that people, including some church power. The city religious worker, today, who is people, patronize these businesses would indicate true to his trust, will face fearlessly as Jesus did that there is a public demand for Sunday open- the clannishness, the bigotries, and the self-suffi- ing. Then as a more recent development is the ciencies of privileged city classes, as his Master growing practice of professional and civic groups did before him. Likewise, he will follow the foot- to use Sundays as their big days for opening and steps of his Lord in entering sympathetically into closing their festivities. One divisive pull alone the problems of the underprivileged, the confused, would not be so devastating to the work of the and the harassed individuals who walk the city churches-but the aggregate of all these divisive streets without a real sense of security and "at pulls make it most difficult for churches to carry homeness." The spiritual service man renders to on consistent and constructive work on the day common humanity is still the best indication of that was once recognized as the Lord's day, and man's divinity. the day of the church's major opportunity.

The Secularization of Life What is the church to do about the seculariza- tion .of Sunday? Some churchmen are militant The secularization of contemporary urban life about the situation – and seek legislation, safemanifests itself in a number of ways, but no mani- guarding the Lord's Day for church purposes, festations of that secularization are more signifi- particularly certain well established hours. Some cant in the demands upon the city church for are troubled in the face of the situation-and seek urban adaptation than those that grow out of counsel. Some are intensely serious in the face (1) the secularization of Sunday and (2) the secularization of youth's sense of relative values. of the situation and are seeking ways to make Sunday more meaningful and ways also to sup- The secularized competitive usages that city plement th,e church's Sunday work with mean- people are bringing into their week-end and Sun- ingful week-day activities. Who is there who day experiences handicap the work of city does not recognize the gravity of the situation churches more than any reader of this article fully realizes. The chart made by the Week-Day sufficiently to realize that the church's one day of Religious Education Board reveals the percentage major opportunity has been and is being ruth- of attendance of elementary children in attend- lessly dissipated by many thoughtless and needless ance at Week-Day Schools of Religion in 1935 and competitive usages? Easter Sunday, our churches . in Sunday Schools for the same year. The aver- were crowded to the doors. One member of the age percent for Sunday School attendance stands regular Sunday worshipping congregation was at 58.70, ranging from 44% to 63%. The average heard to remark: "This shows how many people percentage in attendance at the Week-Day can go to church when they really want to."

Schools of Religion, 90%, ranging from 84% to I wonder just where are we going, and what 9670 in the different schools. Many factors enter are we going to do next Sunday, and the next into the fact that a greater percentage go to Sunday, and the next. In Wichita, we are for- W. D. R. E. than to S. S.; among these factors tunate enough to have both a board of education are "clothes," "the gang spirit," and the fact of and a city council that are sympathetic to the "no collection"-all in the favor of the W. D. R. E. church's problem. The publicly owned buildings school-but beyond these factors is the factor of Wichita are not open to the public on Sunday that parents. do not take the children away from for commercialized, competitive programs. Some the public school and the W. D. R. E. school for professional groups have given consideration to picnics, visiting and rural outings-as they take the church's need of a real opportunity to carry them from the Sunday School and the Sunday on its constructive and creative work by recog- worship program of the church. nizing Sunday as primarily the church's day. In But children are not the only ones who have the the main, however, it must be confessed that the influences of Sabbath observance taken from them problem has not seriously been faced by most in-

dividuals and groups within the city that should to be as group- and class-conscious as the Chamber be most concerned. of Commerce. A city-planning commission has been working since 1923 to effect a more whole- The other aspect of secularization I feel led to some city life. In times past the problems of face is also most real-I refer to the subconscious Wichita have been problems of its youth, exsecularization of our youth that takes place when pressed in growing pains. The problems today youth is educated only in and by our public school are the problems of middle age. Day after tosystem. Such education, valuable as it is, alone morrow they will be the problems of age. Right is not enough. The public schools, the high now interest is being manifest in filling in the schools, and the municipal university in this mid- gaps in city development by encouraging the erecwest city are so big, that the youth program of tion of diagonal streets to the four corners of the our churches appeal to the youth as too small and city. One of these has already been constructed, insignificant, unless the youth program of our terminating 'tlJt the airport. Another, soon we individual churches really does for these youth trust, will terminate at the Municipal University. what no public school, no matter how big, can ever Individual, unrelated real estate promotion do. Life to be healthy and whole must be under- schemes are giving way to city plannng and cogirded both by an adequate religious faith and an operative promotion enterprises. One cannot lisadequate religious experience in real spiritual fel- ten in at Democratic meetings these days and hear lowship. The church that meets this two-fold the words "the present recession" and at Repubneed will have the loyalty of its youth. The lican meetings and hear the echo, "the Roosevelt church's opportunity seems to be in those small depression," without feeling that the buoyant ingroup and age fellowship organizations where a dividualism of the past is really giving way to a type of religious. work and experience is nurtured sense of chastened optimism and perhaps also a quite comparable to the experience and work sense of somewhat restrained social responsibility. Jesus shared in the intimacies of fellowship with His disciple band. This likewise is true of the The Church in these days is caught up by the Christian Youth Council and the "Y" organiza- mood of the times. No great church buildings or tions. cathedrals are now being built in Wichita. No church is rushing into. new territory. The Council Looking Into the Future of Churches is not reaching out to take advanced ground with the boundless enthusiasm of the days I began this paper with an expression of bound- of its youth-yet it is conserving its status and less optimism, growing out of the consciousness it is undergirding itself for real work ahead, as that Wichita has been a rapidly growing city, are many of the churches. The Council of from the time of its founding until now. A new Churches grew out of a sense of shared church factor, however, has come into our common ex- responsibility some 18 years ago. The principle perience in more recent years. These depression of unrestrained individual church freedom had and recession years have disciplined our minds as Wichitans, as it has the minds and spirits of men run its course, and through the vision and courage and women the world around. Weare beginning of men like A. A. Hyde, Wichita's chief philanto recognize that the problems we now face and thropist, and Ross Sanderson, Wichita's pioneer are destined to face in the future will be more cooperative statesman; the Council of Churches difficult and baffling, for they will grow out of a was organized on a sane and constructive basis. more static situation. We already have one-fifth Last fall the National Preaching Mission conof our population on relief-in that we are one ducted in Wichita demonstrated the increased with our nation. Our sense of self-sufficiency has spiritual power that is released within a city like been somewhat broken in recent years as we have Wichita when churches join wholeheartedly in watched great dust clouds roll in from the South- united Christian effort. The growing sense of west and· as we have watched government agency interdenominational interrelatedness that is ours after goVernment agency established with head- today is a powerful and latent spiritual force quarter§: in our city for the relief of those in need undergfrding the churches for better days ahead. of govenhment subsidy. Kansas wheat farmers, historic~1ly individualistic and independent, have The future is uncharted. Spiritual needs will sensed their dependence and their interdepend- forever manifest themselves as real and all-com- ence, and have been learning to cooperate to pelling: The spirit of the Christ in the churches forward common interests and welfare of the com- will forever rise up to meet those needs. Just so .mon weal. Then, too, group- and class-conscious- long as the church, as "the body of Christ," emness has been growing within the city itself. bodies His Spirit and adapts itself to the changing Under the Wagner Act, labor g"roups are coming needs of the city, just so long will spiritual transinto a consciousness of group needs and bid fair formations take place and Christ's redemptive power wiiI be felt in the life of this midwest city.

I Believe in Jesus

I I~.- –tijf By GENERALISSIMO CHIANG KAI-SHEK* of China · AITH and superstition are two entirely dif- did he receive a so-called higher education. He ferent things. We must all realize that super- was born in an ordinary home of the laboring class, the son of a carpenter. Because He per- Pstition is not faith, and that those who really have faith will not wander off into vulgar super- ceived that His nation was on the verge of ruin, stition. If a man lacks faith he can accomplish that Abraham's seed was about to be destroyed, nothing; nor can he accomplish anything if he He courageously decided to undertake the arduous admits superstition into his life. Men nowadays task of restoring His nation; He dedicated him- often regard faith as superstition, and supersti- self wholly to the cause, and resolved to struggle tion as faith, and because the two are confused, sacrificially for the salvation of his people; more those who oppose superstition also discard faith. than that, to save all mankind. So He led his fol- We should all know that the success of any lowers throughout the land, and by means of enterprise means that faith is indispensable. In preaching and healing, and through His divine these days when principles are in eclipse and de- wisdom and His unequaled power to present the sires run riot, when government is torn up, when three great themes of truth, righteousness and the people are suffering, and the nation is strug- life, He awakened His nation, He led His people, gling in disaster, how can we be saved from un- to bring about national revolution.

paralleled calamity unless there is vigorous faith Social Significance of the Gospel and confident assurance of victory? On the one hand we must break down all superstition, and Second, believe in Jesus because He was a leader on the other hand we must all the more exalt a of social revolution. The causes of a nation's de- cline are indeed many, but failure to remedy, by positive faith. For example, if we can believe in orderly change, the people's economic life is one the "Three Principles" first enunciated by Sun of the chief causes of national downfall. So who- Yat-sen, we can go and practice them. Because ever would promote a national revolution must we firmly believe the truth and righteousness. of first completely eradicate the ignorance, the corthe "Three Principles," we fear nothing. And ruption and the disorders of society, its selfishness this psy;chology of not being afraid, this spirit of and greed; then with a new spirit he can build fearlessness, comes from faith. up a new life, abundant, expanding and ascending. Thus he will seek the emancipation of His people. Jesus the Revolutionary First, believe in Jesus because He was a leader Jesus attacked with all his might the evil forces of national revolution. When Jesus came to earth. of His day; He tried with all His power to over- the Jewish nation was daily growing weaker. It come its pernicious mores. His purpose was none had suffered the full measure of insult and oppres- other than by means of His leadership and ideal- sion from the Roman imperial authority. From ism to deliver His submerged people out of dark- history we can see that the Jewish people, stag- ness so that they might become a new people. He gering under the violence of their enemies, were laid the foundat'ions of social revolution.

no different from cattle and slaves; all liberties Third, believe in Jesus because He was a leader had been taken away from them and all power put of religious revolution. Jesus saw the rottenness into the hands of Romans. At that time not only of religion in his day, the evil customs, and per- could Jewish national independence show no re- verted beliefs; the leaders one and all cheated the sistance, but even the will to resist had vanished. people, and imposed on them their false beliefs, Fortunately, at this point in the course of events seeking only their own selfish profit. Autocracy in Jesus Christ was born. the Jewish church, and the hollowness of its rit- He was not a scion of the nobility. He was ual, pained and deeply grieved Jesus. He recog- without temporal position and worldly power; He nized that unless the perverted beliefs and the did not grow up in a home of wealth, and still less hypocrisy were done away with He could not re- * A radio address broadcast fronl Hankow, China, ,on Easter eve, vive His prostrate people, and still less could He spread abroad and exalt the true spirit of religion. April 16, 1938. Translated into English by Prof. Warren H. Stuart So He constantly rebuked those who vaingloriof the College of Emporia, Emporia, Kansas. Reprinted from The Chl'istian Century.

[415 ]

ously prayed at street intersections; he vigorously China and C~ristianity opposed those who in the name of religion would Now look at our nation. Suffering the last hundeceive the people-evildoers who undermine so- dred years from the corruption and weakness of ciety. He cast out the traders and overthrew the the Manchus, its condition bears striking resemmoney changers' tables; by means of a parable blance to the situation in Jesus' day. He exposed the wicked husbandmen, brought to book the wicked tribute-eollectors, and rebuked Sun Yat-sen, cherishing love for God and man, the covetous capitalists. suffused with the revolutionary spirit of Jesus, and motivated by universal love, followed the path All these efforts were solely to lead his people of revolution for forty years as if but for a day. out of darkness into light, from defeatism into With utter self-sacrifice He sought freedom for active struggle, from riotous living into decency, the Chinese people. At last in 1911 the Manchus' from greed and corruption into frugality and holi- imperial rule was overthrown, and the Republic ness. This work of reforming religion and cleans- of China broul'ht into being. Thus was the work ing away its evils – how important it was, and of national revolution achieved. what a Herculean task! How daringly and decisively, and with what utter abando~, Jesus en- As Sun Ya.t-sen's successor, I look ahead into deavored to rescue the Church and SOCIety of that the consequences of the people's revolution and day from its myriad ills to awaken the masses think over the causes of our present spiritual defrom their ignorance! So Jesus was a leader of pression, I firmly believe that in seeking to bring religious revolution. national recovery and social progress, we must advocate Jesus' spirit of universal love and of Love the Law of Life sacrifice. I feel that whatever one does, whether As I constantly study the basis of Jesus' revolu- dealing with men and situations, or commanding tionary spirit-where it was actually rooted-I and carrying on the government, in all forms of feel that the basis lay entirely in His spirit of love. service, only love and peace are the foundations of He a.imed by this spirit of universal love to expel human life; and struggle and sacrifi·ce are a revo- lutionary's duty. This was the attitude of Jesus. the wrong thinking of men, to abolish their unj ?st This was my meaning on a former occasion when systems, to make it possible for everr man to .enJoy his God-given rights, and the blessmgs. of lIberty . I said, "Until peace has become hopeless, never and fraternity. Jesus felt that "all within the forsake peace; when sacrifice has become necesfour seas are brethren," so he wanted men to sary, then sacrifice without reservation." draw near and love one another, sharing in time During the last few years, whenever at leisure of trial, helping one another in time of illness. from pressing duties, I have been promoting a Between nations He wanted to promote peace and social movement which has produced some wide- spread results. I refer to the New Life Movejustice, so all his life He opposed v!olence and ?I?- held fair dealing. He always cherIshed the SPIrIt ment. I am well aware that in this movement the of mercy, and helped the weak. His ~ords an.d superficial aspects may easily be emphasized while deeds manifest at every point the realIty of HIS the heart of it is neglected; it is easy to stress its universal love, and His spirit of revolutionary material phase, while overlooking its spirit. Now I have something new to add: that is to say, self-sacrifice. Because Jesus desired to fulfill His heaven-ap- if we are really going to practice the new method of living, not only must we have a new spirit, we pointed mission to save mankind, h.e held. fast to must have a New Life. This new life must have an indomitable resolve, an unwavermg faIth; He Jesus' spirit of universal love, and His determinamaintained an attitude of perfect good will, even tion to sacrifice Himself; only thus can this qualat the cost of life itself, not hesitating to sacrifice ity of new life be obtained. all so that his courageous. heart might struggle to th; end. And even when He faced the cross, with In brief, the spirit of Jesus is constructive, sacits unparalleled torture, he still remained un- rificial, holy, true, peaceable, forward-looking, full moved, unshaken by his trials. He maintained of eager striving; and it is revolutionary throughsupreme loyalty to ideals and duty, supreme mag- out. My fellow countrymen, let us cherish the nanimity toward friends. and comrades. Such de- idea of a "new birth"; let us maintain the resovotion and sympathy are the more precious be- lution of "sacrifice." Let us hold Jesus as the goal cause so difficult to attain. Then see Him nailed for human living; let us keep the mind of Jesus high on the cross, asking His heavenly Father to as our mind, the life of Jesus as our life. Let us have mercy upon His foes because of their igno- bravely go with Him to the cross, to seek the everrance. Behold how limitless is His spirit of uni- lasting peace of mankind, and the renewal of our versal love! nation of China.

Jesus' creative revolutionary spirit is founded The economic mess in which the world finds itself today just on this, His spirit of universal love. is more a mess of sin than a mess of economic ignorance. ·-Professor John Baillie.

Transformations in West

By G. C. BEANLAND, Nkolmvolan, Cameroun.

THERE is warfare which is far more subtle out, then carry them to their towns where they and engaging than any military campaign; are planed and prepared for these new buildings the warfare carried on between the soldiers and for attractive furniture. Others are learning of the Cross of Christ and the hordes of evil in the art of burning brick and tile, with which they all parts of Africa. Here is the great adventure are constructing very durable and serviceable for the Christian Church. It is a difficult task to houses. Still others are learning to build houses overthrow the evil, superstitious practices of with mud walls, which, when whitewashed with paganism and supplant them with the truths con- white clay taken from the beds of the streams, cerning God, man, and nature. The missionaries' make very attractive houses. part in this great work is that of teacher of hand, Another change is noticed in the dress of the head, heart and health. His work is never done. He must be continually on the job and no matter people. Our Industrial School conducts a tailorin which of the four categories of mission work, ing class in which young men have been taught industrial, medical, evangelistic or educational, to make clothing like that worn by the white man. his work lies, all his talents must be engaged all After an apprenticeship of sufficient time, these young men graduate and, on returning to their of the time to be able to see hts cherished plants towns, set themselves up as "village tailors" and grow and flourish. very few of them suffer from idleness as they Cameroun Colony on the West coast of Africa, have all the work they can do for their towns- where the work of the American Presbyterian people. Chauffeurs and mechanics are trained in Church is carried on, is a mandated colony under our Industrial School who are in great demand to the care and protection of the French Govern- care for and drive the many motors which have ment. It was a German colony prior to the great been brought out by traders and government World War, and after the war was mandated to officials. In order for these motors to function France. Mission work was greatly hampered and properly, of course, there must be good roads, impeded during the struggle but the natives were and the old trails of former days have given way led to realize our great dependence upon God and to modern gravel roads threading the country and His protecting power over all of us and we suf- connecting the different administrative points and fered comparatively little during those terrible days. Changing regimes brought about many commercial centers. Our medical department ad- ministers to the many sick people who are broug~t changes in our mission work but we adjusted in to our hospitals from all the regions round ourselves to the new government and we have had about, so that the natives who are suffering from very cordial and sympathetic relations with the the various tropical diseases can have medical French administration since their occupation of attention. This is bringing about a great change the colony. in the health conditions of the country.

Certain changes are noted in which the mission Since the introduction of our mission schools, and missionaries have had some part since the which at first had a very skeptical reception, work of the mission was established along the there has been noticed quite an intellectual change West coast of Africa about fifty years ago. One among these people. They are a people of marvelnotices today new and attractive homes of some ous memories, keen perception and very vivid of the natives which are being built along the imagination. They are not such philosophers as motor roads of the country. The young men have are the sons of Shem and Japheth but they are learned in the carpenter shops how to saw the nobody's fools. They have a very rich storehouse planks from the great timbers of the forest and of folklore and traditions and much of their how to build their homes with these planks. Not past is to be known only as one draws it out of being able to haul their timbers to the sawmill, the older people in conversation. To introduce they resort to the primitive method of digging a our schools to them we had at first, of course, to pit and rolling a section of the log over the pit reduce some of their language to writing as they ancl with large saws laboriously rip the planks have never had any method of writing or record- [417 ]

ing their language. It has been merely handed of the hardest fields of the mission. He and his down from father to son through countless faithful wife were sent far away into the heart generations. After the first translation of some of a very heathen tribe and there they established parts of the Gospel, and after the school children a home and set up their family altar. Soon word had become able to read and write their own came down saying "I have one convert." Later language, the schools took care of themselves. on he gained others and slowly he built up a little Word spread to many of the tribes that the mis- nucleus of believers about him. Other evangelists sion was able to teach the children to read and were sent up into that tribe because the people, write and soon schools were asked for by many of through the influence of this first evangelist, be- the chiefs of the different tribes, until today our gan calling for them. Finally it was deemed ad- schools are scattered throughout the entire area visable to establish a church in that tribe and of South Cameroun, even to the border. today there is one of the strongest churches in Not only did we give them our schools but we Cameroun in "hat locality, which was formally have given them a literature. At first the Gospels a superstitious, pagan, cannibalistic tribe.

and Acts were translated and later the whole of Another young man, Ze Esim, is a very lovable, the New Testament was given to them in their Christian character. He came to us from one of own language and put into the schools as a text- the older mission fields and was placed in the book. Now we have about finished the translation center of a very wicked tribe as there were a few of the entire Bible. Other literature, such as boys there who were inclined towards the things Pilgrim's Progress, school books, pamphlets for of God. Ze scoured the country round about and distribution in the towns and a monthly· news attracted scores of children to his school where sheet are some of the materials which have been he saturated them with the Gospel and taught gotten out on our well equipped Halsey Memorial them verses of Scripture to carry away in their Press. The printed page is going into the homes hearts. Opposed by some of the old heathen men, of most of the people who have learned to read he would preach to them and pray with them until and it is having its effect of spreading the news several of these men came over into the camp of of the Kingdom of God into many parts of the Ze's God. "Pray for me," wrote Ze, "as old land. Satan is trying to tear up my work, but I know Besides the physical changes and the intellectual that if I am faithful and persistent, Christ will change of the people we notice a spiritual change give us the victory for has He not said, 'Lo I am as well. These Bantu people are animistic and with you always even unto the end of the world.' "

have nothing in their faith that we may class as Craving more learning and a better way to preach a religion, but there is a superstitious fear of the Word of God, Ze is preparing himself for the the Great Spirit (Zambe) who made the world pastorate. With such a spirit he is bound to win and peopled it. There are many lesser gods and many more souls for the Kingdom of God.

their idea of worship is only some method of On such men as these, whom we can number appeasing the wrath of the Great Spirit or of by the scores, we are depending to build up the these lesser gods by sacrifice of fowls or animals; Kingdom of God in Cameroun. It is told that the consequently the old Jewish custom of sacrifice authorities in one of the African ports desired to as an atonement for sin has a special appeal to build a wharf alongside of which ocean-going them. We have, however, sought to teach them vessels might tie up and discharge their cargo of the great sacrifice made once and for all for and take on other cargo, so they ordered great those who believe in the strong Son of God. This timbers from Europe. These timbers were sunk Good News has laid hold upon thousands of these into the mud at the mouth of one of the big rivers natives and for them there is joy and happiness and their wharf built upon them. Soon the ter- in the new found life in Christ. Young men and mites began to eat into these timbers and they women are turning away from their old fetishes crumbled away into the river. Then the authori- and are giving allegiance to the Man of Galilee ties went into the great forest adjoining and cut who "came not to be ministered unto but to min- down some of the fine old mahogony trees, squared ister and to give His life a ransom for many." the logs, and, bringing these down to the coast, There was a fine young man who entered our sank them into this same mud and built their village school. He came from a very pagan tribe wharf upon them. There they stand because they and, by persevering in his studies, progressed are indigenous to the country and the termites rapidly and later asked to be admitted to the theo- cannot destroy them. The foundations of the logical school. He was a bright, inquisitive fellow Church of Christ are strong and we have faith to and tried to carry out the instructions of his believe that the faithful, Christian men and wom- teacher very faithfully. He was noted for his en of Cameroun will withstand the ravages of all piety and prayerfulness and when licensed by the destructive agencies for they are built upon Presbytery to preach, he asked to be sent to one the solid Rock.

A MOSLEM FEAST IN GOLDEN BANQUET HALL OF IMAM RIDA

The Story of Meshed, a Sacred City y the REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, -.<!Ii{ Meshed, Iran A.uthor of "The Shi'ite Religion",. Missionary of [ : the Presb'yterian Church, u. S. A.

THE modern province of Khorasan has an area This is the third largest city in Iran and lies of 150,000 square 'miles. This is a little less about as many miles east of Jerusalem as Rome than one fourth of the entire area of Iran. lies to the west. Among the Jews of the Disper- Its population, notwithstanding its vast stretches sion, who returned to their homes after Pentecost of desert, is about equal to that of the fertile prov- with the marvelous news of. the risen Christ, were ince of Azerbaijan (1,500,000). While in Azer- Parthians, liedes and Elamites, and dwellers in baijan, in the northwest, American missionary Mesopotamia. It must have been shortly after the work was begun as early as 1835, in Khorasan, writing of the great report of St. Paul's mission- the large province in the northeast, bordering on ary jour~ys and preaching in Rome, that other Afghanistan and Turkestan, there was no mission believers, 'such as the Apostle Addai and Tatian, work established until the opening of Meshed in made their way East with the Christian Gospel.

1911. This is the largest and most significant pil- We know that before the overthrow of the Par- grimage city in Iran. Preliminary itinerating thiandynasty in A. D. 225, there were more than journeys were made by American missionaries in twenty Bishoprics in Mesopotamia and in Iran.

1878, 1894, and 1905, and finally in 1911 Rev. Furthermore, at an Eastern Council in A. D. 424, Lewis F. Esselstyn, D.D., was ,sent to occupy delegates came from the distant cities of Nisha- Meshed. pur and Herat and Merw.

[419 ] electro nic fil e created by cafis.org

In spite of the severe persecutions of Christians which has acquired this significance because it by the Sassanian kings, there were still communi- has been taken from near the tomb of the Imam ties of Christians in Iran at the time of the rise Rida, whom he trusts as his Friend, his Guide, of Islam in the seventh century, but the power of hi~ Mediator, and his Master.

the old Sassanian Empire was completely over- It is believed to be a special advantage to be thrown, and the forces of Islam pushed rapidly to buried near the Imam, in order to rise along with the East. Arab influence swept across Iran and him on the Judgment day, and be thus rated Afghanistan and on to India. Devastating wars among the friends and supporters of the Prophet and famines followed, so that by the time of Mohammed. Accordingly, for nearly a thousand Harun aI-Rashid (who died A. D. 786), who years, high prices have been paid for cemetery showed marked hostility to his Christian subjects, privileges near the grave of the Imam. For ages the remote communities of believers in Khorasan were almost wiped out.We read that Christian camel caravans have wended their way on long doctors took part in meetings that were held for desert j ourne~' that ended in Meshed, and frereligious discussion before the Caliph Ma'mun quently, in addition to their loads of merchandise, early in the ninth century in Merw. they have brought the bodies of good Mohamme- dans who died in distant places but who had ex- The Imam Rida pressed the wish to be buried in the great ceme- tery here. It is the custom also for corpses to be Harun al-Rashid's last military expedition was carried in solemn procession around the Imam's to quell a rebellion in Khorasan, but when he tomb before burial. About this tomb successive reached the city of Tus he fell ill'and died.' He kings of Persia, (Iran) have built a magnificent was buried in a garden sixtl'len miles away, and . shrine, with a dome and minarets of gold. Behis son Ma'mun moved on. .with the troops. to side ·it is. a, mosque, with a still larger dome of Merw, where he established his capital and main- tiles of turquoil?e blue. The sacred center of the a tained the authority of the Abbasid Caliphate in city is thia;;shrlrte;area. Devout Moslems stop as the East. Ma'mun made what he thought was a they cross st:reetthat leads to it, and bow to- politic effort to unite the great schism in Islam be- wards its resplendent golden dome.

tween the Sunnites and the Shi'ites by designating Changing Time as his heir apparent to the Caliphate the highly esteemed lineal descendant of the "prophet" Mu- A new day has now come in Meshed. On the hammad, the Imam Ali al-Rida, who was the other side of the city from the tomb of the Imam, recognized spiritual leader of the Shi'ites. This but with money from the Shrine endowments, a expedient proved to be exceedingly unpopular large modern hospital has been erected. The gov- among the Sunnites, however, and when the army ernment is systematically administering Shrine was on the return journey to Baghdad, it is said funds for public welfare, and among the efforts that the Imam Rida fell ill from eating grapes thus subsidized is a school for boys, with an im- that had been poisoned. As he died during the posing building that resembles the main building days of the encampment at the tomb. of Harun al- of the American College in Teheran, a curriculum Rashid, the Caliph Ma'mun had him buried with for 12 classes and an attendance of over 700 boys.

conspicuous honor at this place, in the garden of There is a similar school for girls, all in the name Sanabad, which later came to be known as the of the Imam Rida, with money exacted from the mashhad, or place of martyrdom, of the Imam Shrine authorities by the government.

Rida. Meshed~The Shrine City In order to accommodate automobile traffic the streets of Meshed have had to be widened, and to In the ravages of the Mongol invasions in the the amazement of everybody a great thoroughfare thirteenth century the city of Tus was destroyed, has been cut directly through the famous old cemeand a new city gradually grew up aro~nd the tomb tery on the north side of the Shrine, and hundreds of the Imam. This was the city of Mashhad, of the flat tombstones were used to pave the new which foreigners have come to call Meshed. sidewalks. Stories were told of miracles of healing through After ten years of work; in rented houses, the prayer in the name of the Imam, or through drink- missionaries in Meshed secured the present coming water mixed with dust swept from the tomb. pound of something over fourteen acres. It lies The very clay from the garden was reported to inside the city and is within view of the Shrine. have magic powers, and tablets of it are regularly used in the ritual of the daily prayers. The wor- Formerly it was land used for truck-gardening shiper lays the clay tablet on a cloth or prayer-rug but now there are trees and lawns and it is known that lies before him, and in the prescribed pros- as "The American Garden." It was purchased at trations he touches his forehead to the sacred clay, forty cents a square yard, but now it is appraised at four times as much.

THE STORY OF MESHED, A SACRED CITY

On this land there are five missionary resi- the Mission compound. It has enrolled a small dences, a fifty-bed hospital, and an elementary but homogeneous group of boys, in spite of serious school for boys. At the entrance to the compound opposition from Moslem parents .and the keen there is a Reading Room, which is a center for the competition of government schools. The reasons sale and distribution of evangelistic literature, for the existence of Mission schools, both for boys with a room where individuals come for Christian and for girls, are at least as strong as the reasons instruction. Another small building, near the for such schools in any other city in Iran. There football field, is used as a recreation center. is no other mission school within a radius of al- Medical work was begun in 1915, in a rented most six hundred miles. Well within that circle Iranian house, with one doctor and no trained as- lies the great province of Khorasan, with a fourth sistants. After steady development there is now of the area and about a sixth of the population of a well-planned hospital with good modern equip- all Iran, and including about a dozen smaller cities ment and trained workers. In addition to the tens that would send some of the best of their boys of thousands of patients who have been treated in the base hospital at Meshed, many more thousands have been helped on itinerating trips to other cities in the province of Khorasan. In 1924 a trip was made to Herat in Afghanistan and an- other a few years later.

Patients include many Iranians, Turks and Afghans, as well as some Indians and Arabs, Rus- sians and other Europeans. The great majority are Moslems, but there are also Jews, Hindus, Sikhs and Christians, as well as some who have no religious belief. It is the aim of the hospital staff that all should receive loving care in the name of the Saviour of mankind. Many pilgrims to the Shrine also come to the "American Chris- tian Hospital," and when they return to their far- off villages they sometimes take with them, not only gratitude for physical improvement, but a new spiritual hope.

The hospital also provides medical care for lepers who live in a village two miles outside the city. This is the only organized work for lepers in all Iran. There have been some actual cures from the dreaded disease, and treatment almost always stops its progress and relieves acute suf- MOSQUE OF THE BLUE TILES .aT ME'SHED fering.

The hospital maintains a standard of medical and girls to Mission schools in Meshed if they work that may serve as an example to the na- were developed so as to have boarding departtionals as they build their own hospitals. To co- ments, a secondary school, an industrial branch, operate with the Iranian doctors there are med- and such other facilities for work as would be ical conferences and public health meetings to commensurate with the strategic location and the stress matters of hygiene, sanitation and pre- unique opportunities of Meshed. ventive medicine. Infant and maternal mor- tality, though slowly decreasing, is still appalling, The Church in Its Khorasan Environment and much attention should be given to the instruction of mothers in child-care, midwives should be The fresh-water streams of Khorasan disappear trained, and constructive public health programs in the great salt desert, for they flow from the should be inaugurated. Along with this growth upper plateau into the central depression, known are even more favorable opportunities for the as the Great Kavir. This may serve as a parable presentation of the Christian message of hope of much missionary effort which seems to have and salvation. been in vain. New converts from Islam may show Christian educational work was begun on a a kind of ecstasy and enthusiasm while they are very small scale, with classes in two hospital among the hills of vision, but too often their rooms; then the school moved to a rented building Water of Life seems to be lost as they come down and finally in 1929 a good building was erected on to the problem of making a living in Moslem SQ- electro nic fil e created by cafis.org

ciety. For several years the number of converts as their Saviour, may give more effective testiwho have been kept together in the Church group mony in their present occupations. Those Chrisin Meshed has been made up almost entirely of tians who are artisans and small tradesmen must those to whom the Mission or missionaries have be able to withstand petty persecution and boybeen able to give employment. Happily some of cotting and win their way by honesty and forthese have rendered faithful service and have bearance to recognized Christian influence. made progress in Christian living, but in the case of others, when Mission employment has not been It is said that the horses of Khorasan, the faavailable their loyalty has waned. mous Turkomans, have by adaptation to their environment become "bony and clumsy-looking At the present time there are significant changes quadrupeds, with marvelous power of endurance." in the social life in Iran and we believe that the The camels of Khorasan also are celebrated for time has finally come when it is altogether pos- their size and strength. "They have very long sible for Moslems who have become Christians to hair and beat"·cold and exposure far better than find employment without working for the Mission. the ordinary Arabian or Iranian camels, which With industry, foresight,· thrift, patience, and carry only 320 lbs., whereas the Khorasan camels other virtues that make for Christian stamina this will carry from 600 to 700 lbs." In like manner can be done. Nevertheless, these Christians, in it is greatly to be desired that the converts from their capacity as pioneer missionaries among their Islam in Khorasan, and likewise the missionaries own people, need much sustaining love and prayer who are sent to this distant province, will so adapt that those of them who became Christians as themselves as to take root as Christians in this young men in mission schools may continue to be difficult environment, and in consequence may known as Christians in the cities where they go develop exceptional powers of endurance with a to work and that those who were patients or help- strong faith to carry cheerfully extra-heavy ers in mission hospitals, and who accepted Christ burdens.

A Church Serving the Whole Community By the REV. WILLIAM C. MUNDS, Corpus Christi, Texas f3.- Rector of the Church of the Good Shepherd ,:' of splendid educational buildings and parish houses closed from Sunday to Sunday. That is I N VIEW of the communal life upon which so- why the Church is often looked upon as purely a ciety is organized and in view of the service one-day-a-week institution. In the use of its equip- ideal which undergirds all Christian activity, ment, the Church must lose its smug, ecclesiastical the whole community is the definite responsibility life in the effort to have the spirit of Christ per- of the Church. If this be not so, the Church has meate every phase of our every-day life. The no reason nor excuse for its existence. Church must become an integral part of the life of man. In assuming responsibility for the whole One of the outmoded concepts of the Church's community, the Church must set up a compre- mission is that the Church is merely a preaching hensive program. This will vary in different station. According to the Gospel record our Lord types of communities, therefore we shall suggest preached very little, but he did a great deal. The a variety of activities in the hope that those in- Church should concern itself less with words and terested may find some helpful suggestions. more with deeds. The work of the Church in the ; foreign field for the past quarter century is a con- To begin with, the Church needs to understand crete illustration of this method. its community. This can best be accomplished by careful survey to determine the community's We must also cease stressing the importance of needs. Many splendid programs have failed for denominational loyalty to the exclusion of a pri- the reason that they were conceived without any mary loyalty to Christ and His way of life. This reference to actual conditions. Since the trend larger view is necessary as one cannot think in today is in the direction of highly institutionalized terms of community interests if he is first forced programs, the temptation is strong to make our to hurdle denominational barriers.

Church buildings must serve community needs. It is nothing short of a disgrace to see thousands

A CHURCH SERVING THE WHOLE COMMUNITY

churches beehives of activity. But little is accom- The crux of the community problem is here. It plished through such activity unless it effectively is not possible to raise the general moral level of a serves a definite purpose. The wise minister will community until the basic causes for juvenile know his community. That is the first step. delinquency are eliminated. It is utter stupidity and neglect of duty to assume that the general In making a survey, it is also necessary to know moral tone of a community can be improved until the assets of a community as well as its liabilities. more attention is given to the underprivileged There are usually agencies doing splendid work groups. Leadership for such work should come both in the character building and in the general from our churches. health field. The Church should use these agencies and bring people in contact with the organizations The city slums constitute a terrible indictment best fitted to serve their needs. It is a sinful against the Church, for often individual church waste of energy and money for the Church to members are responsible for the continued existduplicate work already being done efficiently by ence of such areas. Every social study reveals others. Our communities need today wise social the downward pull of the slum areas upon the engineering, and the Church can make a valuable moral tone of a community. The slums are the contribution in the field by supplying the initia- breeders of every known type of crime, and they tive and leadership. must be eliminated before civilization can be pulled up to higher levels. That is a responsi- Responsibility Toward Youth bility of the Church.

But there are many other contributions that the The Church and Moral Evils Church can and should make to the life of a community. The list that we shall discuss will not be The Church, being responsible for the whole comprehensive, but merely suggestive. The most community, must assume some obligation for the important phase of the Church's responsibility for evil conditions, as well as for developing the the whole community is towards its youth, and forces that are good. It is fallacious reasoning to being responsible for youth, the Church must as- assume that God will be satisfied to receive a sume the responsibility for the whole life of youth, chosen few into close fellowship with Himself social and recreational as well as religious. The and not be concerned with the multitudes who, prevailing theory of Christian workers is that if because of unspeakably bad social conditions, are youth is given proper spiritual foundations, other outside the circle of His divine society on earth. phases of youth's life will take care of themselves. Christianity is not only a personal religion, it But such a theory does not work, for youth de- is also a social religion which touches every area mands more than religious training. A whole- of life. As our Lord so trenchantly said, "I am some, social and recreational experience is needed not sent but unto the lost sheep." and if the Church does not supply it, the youth will go elsewhere to find it, and much of the com- One of the most degrading and injurious elemercial, social and recreational activities offered ments of any community is prostitution. This sin to youth is unwholesome, even harmful to char- only encourages the beast in man, destroys the acter. The time has come to face this situation idealism of youth, harbors the criminal, spreads frankly and inaugurate a youth program which gonorrhea and syphilis to a degree which is alarmwill provide wholesome social and recreational ing, but it injures the home and takes toll· in huexperiences as well as religious. training. man life that is enormous. Far from protecting virtuous womanhood, prostitution threatens her An increasingly large number of parishes and life and happiness. Whenever it is abolished, sex congregations are now conducting socials for crimes are reduced to a low level and the moral young people with splendid results. Other forms tone of the community is raised. Nothing is acof amusement may also be provided: girls' and complished by merely publicly protesting against boys' basketball teams, choral societies, young the existence of this institution. Far better for people's service leagues, dramatic clubs, Boy the churches to employ trained experts to handle Scouts, Camp Fire Girls, and a score of other ac- the situation. Prostitution can be removed from tivities that not only fill a real need but also serve a community and it is the Church's duty to help to tie young people closer to the Church.. remove it.

In thinking through its responsibility for the If it is true, as someone has said, that "it is the whole community, the Church must also minister duty of the Church to always concern itself with to the underprivileged groups. There are chil- the social problems that harass humanity," then dren and young people who need the Church, but the Church should instantly concern itself with who belong to the group not often welcomed by the divorce problem, a problem that is threatenthe Church. Admittedly, there are very real prob- ing the stability of the American home. Christ lems presented, but such problems can be solved. cannot be a dominant factor in homes that are

being broken up by divorce. Here again preach- viding the young people with wholesome social ing will accomplish little. The roots of the divorce and recreational activities. Desiring t{) meet this problem lie deep and the Church must adopt a need, at least in part, the Church of the Good c{)mprehensive educational program if construc- Shepherd, Episcopal, decided to build a Parish tive results are expected. Since marriage is a House. Several civic-minded citizens, who were serious undertaking, greater care must be used not members of the Episcopal Church, petitioned in preparing young people for it. If ministers the Church of the Good Shepherd to allow this everywhere would refuse to perform a ma.rriage building to be used by the whole community. The ceremony until they were convinced that the con- Parish was immediately faced with the question tracting parties were well qualified to undertake as to the Church's responsibility to the whole the venture, many hasty and ill-advised marriages community. would be av{)ided. An increasingly large number of churches are offering courses for young people After carefully considering the problem, it was on "The Preparation for Marriage, Home and decided that t'he community's needs must be con- Family," with surprisingly good .results. The sidered before parochial needs. A separate cortime is near when such courses will become a poration was formed, and an Operating Board recognized part of every Church School cur- was also appointed which included members from riculum.* practically every church in the city. While it is not officially an inter-church project, yet it is an Then there is the field of mental health. Every evidence of the splendid cooperative spirit which clergyman is now called upon to deal with people exists among churches of this city. who need the services of a psychologist or a psychiatrist. While he may be able personally to The Corpus Christi Civic Center is a building handle some of these cases, yet most of them will dedicated "To God for Youth." That is its prineed the services of experts. By putting those in mary purpose although it will serve a variety of need of this type of service in touch with the uses. proper agencies, the Church gives evidence of its concern for every form of human need. Some The building has a large auditorium seating churches have sponsored mental health clinics about 500 people and a stage for amateur drawith excellent results, especially where there is matics. It will be an ideal place for lectures, conno other agency doing this type of work. certs, and particularly socials for the young people. A fully equipped kitchen will serve 200 How One Church Served the Community people. Offices are provided for the Camp Fire Girls, Y. M. C. A., and other agencies. The base- It may prove helpful to relate how one Church ment contains a handball court, shower baths and accepted responsibility for a whole community locker rooms, free clinic for indigent children, a and is seeking to fulfil its obligations. game room and two parlors where various civic clubs may meet. A survey of the city {)f Corpus Christi, Texas, revealed a deplorable lack of facilities for pro- While this building will in no wise be able to serve the needs of the whole community, yet it is • Some communions require their clergy to give some type of a step in the right direction. There was a need. instruction to all those who apply for marriage. Individual The Church felt a responsibility to meet that need ministers of many communions have long offered such courses to and then did something about it.

prospective brides and bridegrooms. Few clergymen, if any, are In Corpus Christi there is another communal project. The missionary societies of six different qualified to give technical instruction on sex matters, but in every churches support and manage a Community Mis- sion in the Mexican section of the city. Each large city there are maternal health clinics available for such .pur- church is responsible for the religious services poses. In smaller communities progressive physicians will be glad conducted at the Mission for one month at a time. A trained Christian worker is soon to be employed to cooperate. Also there are splendid books on marriage that will to work among the people of that section.

prove helpful to those who read them. Every clergyman should have Each Church, as has been said, must study its particular community, and work out its own such books in his library to lend those who are to be married. program.

Obviously, none of these services can be rendered so long as the Church and her clergy refuse to assume a responsibility for dealing with this problem. The Church has an obligation which is some- thing far greater than actually performing the marriage ceremony.

Many communions realize the seriousness of this problem and are taking steps to safeguard the stability of the .home. At the last General Convention of the Episcopal Church a measure was intro- duced forbidding any clergyman of that communion to marry any couple until they had presented him with a certificate of health which included a Wassermann test against syphiIls. The measure was defeated by a small majority and wl!l undoubtedly be passed at some subsequent convention. The home is an institution which is vital to every community. Sinee the Church sanctifies the mar- riage relationship, it must help to make it a more intelligible and a more harmonious relationship. W. C. M.

Too many Christian bodies of various kinds are spending more time and effort today in winning members one from the other than in winning souls from the darkness of the King- dom of Evil.

Christ Found a Mexican Colonel*

This is the story told to Rev. N. W. Taylor, of Mexico City, by Colonel Rodolfo Curti V., formerly an army officer and then chief of Traffic Department, Police Force, Mexico City. Now he is on the Military Headquarters Staff, the Garrison of Mexico City.

TWELVE years ago, when stationed with my carrying out this commission that I received the regiment in the Mixtec region of the State of commendation of General Calles. I received praise Oaxaca, I was taken very ill and in my suf- also and promotion for my part in the organization fering, my thoughts naturally turned to my young of the Traffic Department and for other things wife and our four-months-old baby, who were done in the interest of the welfare of the city.

then in the city of Puebla. As I became worse I But then came disillusionment! I resigned from cried to God, asking that he spare me to them. the Traffic Department and for a time it seemed Finally I sank into a state of coma and the people that I had been forgotten by the Government in the village thought that I had died. I was pre- which I had tried to serve faithfully. I was even pared for burial and surrounded with candles. tempted to commit suicide. This was God's op- After some hours I regained consciousness and portunity.

sat up, causing terror among those who were in One night I dreamed that I was hurrying down the room at the time. a narrow, dark, tortuous street. I met a group of It was thought that the only chance to save my people and inquired, life was to take me as quickly as possible to "Have you found Him?"

Oaxaca City for an operation. But the village, "No," they replied.

where I lay sick, was four days' ride from the "Then let us seek Him together," I answered.

railroad and, as, the heat was intense, it seemed We threaded our way along the narrow street impossible for me to make the trip unless they for an interminable time it seemed and our anxiety could keep ice packs on me continually. But there increased every moment. At last we turned a was no ice in this mountain village nor in the dis- corner and saw in front of us a figure sitting on trict. The General commanding the State advised a low bench in front of a closed door. His head us by telegraph that he would send ice from the was resting on his hands but as we approached he city as rapidly as possible, but it was questionable looked up and I recognized Him as Christ. His whether any ice would last long enough to get me face shone and His hands and feet glistened like to the city. The first day, while we were waiting mirrors. I fell on my knees before Him; and all for the ice, a heavy cloud overshadowed the part His goodness, from that day in the Mixtec village of the town where I was lying and hailstones, so when the hailstones fell, flooded my memory and great that they killed chickens and turkeys, fell I burst into tears.

heavily for some minutes. The people hurriedly I awoke crying and the burden of my ingrati- filled sacks with the hailstones and I was placed tude and sin seemed unbearable. For the re- in a litter and the journey to the railroad began. mainder of the night I could not control myself I recovered but so great was my unbelief I forgot and continued crying like a child. When morning my prayer to God and ascribed the hailstorm to came I was like one in a daze. I could not even mere chance. remember the name of my only daughter whom I A few years later, when stationed in Guadala- love dearly. This condition lasted for three days.

jara, I was passing an evangelical church and I was in an agony of grief and sorrow and walked heard them singing "Nearer My God to Thee." up and down my living room or in the garden for Something seemed to grip my heart and I could hoursi at a time, crying, "My God, help me. My not restrain the tears. However, feeling that such God, help me."

emotion was unworthy of an army officer, I hur- Then I procured aNew Testament and began ried away. Later, my wife and I attended a serv- to read. Still no light or peace came. At last ice but did not understand the message. there came to my mind the words of the hymn I Then I was called to Mexico City to aid my Gen- had heard in Guadalajara and I remembered eral in the reorganization of the police force. At where there was an evangelical church in the city.

that time it fell to my lot to superintend the clos- I attended a service without getting any peace.

ing of all the Roman Catholic churches in the city I went a second time but still could not understand on the 31st of July, 1926. So zealous was I in the Way of Salvation. On the third occasion the * From The Philippine Evangelist, May, 1938. speaker was giving a Bible study on sin. As the [ 425 ] •

different sins were written on the blackboard I The following Sunday was Easter. We atsaid to myself, "Someone must have told about tended the morning service at which we learned me," for it was a perfect description of my condi- that some new members were to be baptized that tion. At the end of the meeting an invitation was evening. After prayer, my wife and I decided to given and I went forward. As I knelt there at ask to be received into the church in order to make the rail to my joy found my wife was kneeling our public confession and thus cut all that bound beside me. That night the pastor of the church us to the old life. That evening we publicly took led us into the Light and peace came into our our stand for Christ. In the four months which hearts. have passed since then we have been experiencing the truth of Paul's "If any man be in Christ, he Then came a great struggle. To go on with is a new creature; old things are passed away; Christ meant breaking with the old life. Christ behold all things are become new." All things must be all or nothing. There could be no half- have become l1oriously new for us and we are hearted surrender. But what would be the re- seeking to follow His Will. suIts? Would it mean losing position, rank and friends? I walked up and down my garden fight- *** ing it out and then like a flash there came to my mind the words, "Be of good cheer; I have over- The only knowledge Colonel Curti had of the come the world." I hurried into the house and Gospel story was through a very slight contact called my wife. with Roman Catholicism, which, in Mexico, em- phasizes a suffering or dead Christ, not a glorified "It is all settled," I said to her. "Christ has one. How was it that in his dream he saw a resurovercome the world and nothing can touch us ex- rected and glorified Christ? cept as He wills." From that moment we have tried to give our all to Christ, to do His will each Today Col. Curti is active in personal work day and have determined not to let a single day among the military and political leaders of the pass without trying to win one soul for Him. country.

Enlisting the Privileged to Help the Underprivileged By the REV. SAMUEL E. WEST Rector of St. lames Episcopal Church, Wichita, Kansas T HE sort of church of which I am rector is alike repeat the words too glibly. I have caught easily labeled as "privileged" by the news- myself talking to children about their privileges papers. They revel in announcing "A fash- and urging them to realize their responsibilities ionable wedding of socialites in the swank, to the underprivileged, and then wondering if in exclusive Episcopal Church on the HilL" It is a so doing I was not actuaJly aiding and abetting form of reporting whioh is exasperating to say the the subtle process of creating snobs.

least. By the same token there are still many people As a matter of fact this congregation represents left in the land 'who, despite the fact that they have been up against it, are senSitive and have a a cross-section of substantial middle-class business lot of self-respect; they by no means wish to be and professional people, with a fringe of wealth classed among the "underprivileged." Would it and another fringe of poverty. One of my faith- not be much better to use a good old scriptural ful laymen is a WPA worker and another is a expression, such as "we that are strong ought to janitor working for $60.00 per month. We have bear the infirmities of them that are weak." It eighty employed women and girls in a communi- is true that there are in all of our cities many cant membership of seven hundred. strong self-supporting parishes and likewise many weak, struggling, mission churches. By all of Personally I am inclined to think that we over- the precepts of the Christian religion, the strong work the phrase, "privileged and underprivileged." Religious leaders and social workers

ENLISTING THE PRIVILEGED TO HELP THE UNDERPRIVILEGED

should do all in their power to help the weak. The ago, when churches were having a hard time raisdifficulty which most of us experience in enlisting ing their budgets, we were discussing missionary the so-called privileged is probably due to the ab- quotas. One of the Vestrymen said, 'I don't see sence of the personal element, rather than to any why we should continue to send money to the other factor. This is true in regard to the mis- Chinese when we are so hard up ourselves. Why sionary enterprise and to the great programs of not forget missions until times are better?" I social welfare. To many people, missions and said to him, "Would you apply that same prinphilanthropy today seem to mean programs and ciple to our own Bishop and his program in the quotas rather than personal service. Something Diocese?" He replied, "No, dog-gone it, we can't must be done to remedy this condition. let the Bishop down. I wish I were not so fond of him; then it would be a lot easier to cut out During the recent Lenten season we tried an our Diocesan Assessment." The man knew, of experiment along this line in the Diocese of Kan- course, that the Bishop was vitally concerned sas. Bishop Wise suggested that in all of the about his mission clergymen and their congregaparishes and missions we conduct a series of mis- tions. Sometimes I ask myself if I am really in sionary book reviews. I invited six women to earnest in appealing for the missionary enterundertake these reviews and a number of men to undertake a similar task for the Men's Class. We prise. Do I really care about the advancement of have had such noted personalities presented as the Kingdom, or am I motivated rather by paro- Bishop Schereschewsky, Bishop Hare, Dr. Albert chial pride? We all need to ask oUI'selves ques- Schweitzer, Bishop Franklin Spaulding, Bishop tions of that nature. We can appeal, plead, cajole, condemn, denounce, argue and quote Scripture by Talbott, Dr. Grenfell of Labrador, and David Liv- the yard, but if we ourselves are not thoroughly ingstone. In every case both the men and the converted to the cause of missions all of our pulpit women who undertook the task have, I think, been thumping will fail to produce results. The telling thoroughly converted to the cause of missions, and of a story of missionary endeavor and personal I believe that they were able to communicate their adventure is more effective in enlisting the interown enthusiasm to the others. The lawyer who' est and support of the local congregation than all reviewed the life of Livingstone made the most of the high-powered arguments of ecclesiastical complete commitment to the cause of missions, at spellbinders. the conclusion of his review, that I have ever heard from a layman. The woman who was to tell But I wish to tell about the relationship of this about Albert Schweitzer happened to be in New parish to a struggling congregation of colored York the week before her review was scheduled, Episcopalians in the city. It may not be common and had an interview with Madame Schweitzer knowledge that we have no separate denominawho was in America at that time. This woman tional organization for colored Episcopalians. had accepted the assignment rather reluctantly as They are under the same jurisdiction, are reprea '~church duty," feeling it would be dull and tire- sented in the same Diocesan Convention, are some but she kept the .other women on the edge of their seats when she told the story. To "per- confirmed by the same Bishop and many of their sonalize" missions, philanthropy and the relation ministerial candidates attend the same Theological of the strong city church to the weaker mission Seminaries as the white Episcopalians. Conseis a difficult undertaking, but in some way it must quently the relationship of the mission for colored be done. The well-to-do members of our churches people in this city to the two self-supporting white are, I believe, no less generous than they used to parishes is just the same as that of a mission for be, but they are more careful. They have lost white people. At the present time these colored much of their own security and some of them feel Episcopalians are fortunate in having a priest of that they are contributing a good bit to the under- their own race, but from time to time during privileged through taxation. However when I years past they have been without pastoral overhave a personal problem which must be presented sight except from the two white rectors. It has as such, I find that the purse strings are open. been my privilege for several years to minister to Recently a young man in my parish was ordered this congregation but it is not of this pleasant by his physician to move to another climate. He personal relationship I wish to speak. was almost entirely without funds and appealed to me. I, in turn, appealed to two laymen over We have in this parish four licensed lay readers, the telephone, and within five minutes the neces- all of whom, with one exception, have served an sary amounts were forthcoming. apprenticeship in conducting services at the col- ored church. The Daughters of the King, a group One of the important factors in "personalizing of women who have charge of altar work, from the need" is the personality, enthusiasm and sin- time to time have supervised the colored women cerity of the leader. One evening several years in the care of their own altar and finally organ- ized a similar group for them.

,In our parish we have a tradition that we thought in helping to solve the problems of this carryon no money-raising activities for the sup- weaker mission church. Our aim has been to port of the parish by dinners, bazaars, rummage- avoid pauperizing the mission congregation. sales or anything of the kind. The one exception Their membership of not more than fifty is made is that once a year the women give a Musical Tea, up of school teachers, chauffeurs, porters, domesthe proceeds from which are sent to the Bishop tic servants and some business men. But their for support of missionary work within the Dio- greatest need is not for money but for personal cese. On two occasions several hundred dollars leadership and genuine friendly interest on the from this source have been used for the support part of the stronger white congregation. They of the local colored congregation. The women of are now approaching the time when they can soon the parish also help the colored women byemploy- support themselves, but they will continue to look ing them to serve possibly half of the parish din- to their many friends in this parish for guidance. ners given in this parish. Incidentally t~s cooperation has undoubtedly helped to ease the tension which so frequently Three years ago this mission congregation was exists between the two racial groups. in great need of a parish hall, for their ramshackle structure was about to fall to pieces. They took Whatever success we have had in this respect the matter up with some of us in this parish and is due to the enlistment of so many of our white we were able to secure a loan from the American laymen for personal service to the weaker congre- Church Building Fund and also a temporary loan gation. Had it been our policy simply to make a from the Bishop of the Diocese. These loans were grant of money each year to the colored brethren, made on condition that the people themselves raise very little would have been accomplished. The a certain amount, namely, $500.00, in about eight most intensely personal story in the New Testamonths. I shall never forget a day when the ment is the parable of the good Samaritan. In committee from the mission church met me in a that story we are told that the Samaritan, who local bank with the $500.00 in hand to apply on was undoubtedly a privileged person, when he the note. When the time came to build the parish came to the man who had fallen among thieves, hall one of the members of our white congregation did several things of an intimate personal nature donated his services as a contractor and gave a -"He saw him, he was moved with compassion, great many days to the supervision of the work. he came to him, he bound up his wounds, he Later another layman, an architect, gave his time poured on them oil and wine, he set him on his in further improving and beautifying the church own beast, he brought him to an inn, he took care structure. Another member of my congregation, of him." And after all of that he told the inna lumber dealer, has helped very generously in keeper that he would stand good for the expenses their purchase of supplies for the church and the and would come back to see how the poor fellow parish hall. was getting along.

Last year the vestry of the mission church ap- It is that sort of thing which we have largely pealed for help and we appointed a committee to lost in these highly specialized modern days. give them what leadership we could in conducting Somehow we must recapture the method of pertheir own Every-Member Canvass. The joint sonal service both in religious work and in social meetings of the two committees have been held in welfare, and when we do recapture it, I am conmy study and again I find the business men of my vinGed that we will have no difficulty in enlisting own parish are willing to give of their time and the privileged to help the underprivileged.

MORAL OR FINANCIAL DEPRESSION?

Many plead hard times as their reason for failing to support the Church and to give to benevolent causes. As a matter of fact, Government reports show that income is not a cri- terion of the gifts that may be expected. In the year 1936, taxable incomes in the United States increased 30 per cent over the previous year, but for the same period contributions for religious education and public welfare work decreased. The United States Treasury statis- tics for 1936 show a total declared net income (exclusive of tax exempt income) of $19,069,- 137,719 as compared with $14,212,403,587 the previous year. The contributions reported for the same year amounted to only $388,142,000 or about 2 per cent of the taxable income. The highest percentage of contributions to charity ever recorded by the Treasury came in the darkest depression years (1930-1934). On the gross incomes reported to the Government, the contributions amount to less than 1.8 per cent. Contributions through the churches in 1936 were less than at any time between 192'0 and 1934, being 40 per cent less than they were in 1928. Moral depression is more difficult to overcome than financial depression.

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II Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MISS GRACE MCGAVRAN, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA ~~=================~~ How Awaken Interest BOOKS ON CHINA of its civilization. Its pictures in Books? HOUSE OF EXILE, by Nora range from the old court to mod- ern factories. A study of the missionary li- WaIn – a very sympathetic picbrary at the church was discour- ture of upper class country life That is enough to give an exaging. Old books; out-of-date in China, by an American girl ample of what was done. Sevbooks; books that not even the eral women have taken to readmost ardent missionary worker who lived for a while as an ing widely the library books on could call interesting! Worst of adopted member of the Chinese the subject of whatever country, all, fifty women supposed to do family. Read it for contrast race, or nation is being studied. missionary reading and no with Pea r I Buck's "Good The mission study books proper, money to buy new books. Earth." and books of missionary stories worth buying have, conse- Here is what the group lead- LIVING CHINA, by Edgar quently, had behind them a much ers did. more fundamentally prepared Snow – translations of modern group of readers than was pos- The few interesting, recent Chinese short stories, written sible before. and worth-while boo k s were pulled out. There were new and published in China for home Even where the public library members in the group who had consumption. They contain some d.oes not have much that is modread nothing. They could start things you will find it hard to ern, there are chapters in recent with these. books which may have decided stomach. But here is modern China, in at least some of its phases, as seen by the Chinese themselves. Read it to help you Four people were asked to buy decide whether China has any bearing. For example, in Dr. for themselves and then loan to real need of the Christian mes- Heiser's "Oddyssey of an Amerthe missionary society one each ican Doctor," the chapter on lepof the best new books bearing on sage and Gospel. rosy and the colony at Culion, the subject of the current Philippine Islands, is excellent studies. HO-MING: GIRL OF NEW background for a consideration CHINA, by Elizabeth Lewis (chil- The public library was ap- dren's library), a story which of missions to lepers. you will find interesting light proached, and a committee of reading, to give you a picture of Kn.owledge awakens interest. capable women chose and read young China in transiti.on. Read For a club paper many a woman those books which seemed to it because you want to know will read background books for have promise of being at least something of young China in the months. Why not as much for good background books; i. e., terms in which young people a talk in the missionary society? those which in addition to beirig read of each other. The deeper the knowledge, the vivid, interesting and accurate, WHAT AND WHY IN CHINA, by deeper the interest. gave a picture of home, school, Paul Hutchison – an answer to town or country life; or a back- the puzzle which modern Chinese How Get New Members ground of the country, race, or history is to most of us. Clear, One young women's missionnation; or, an interpretation of concise, and interesting, though ary group has an unusual prothe people; or, a picture of their very brief, it gives us an excel- portion of new working-memneeds; or, any other specific lent summary.of China's politics bers. They have a sort of unpresentation which would give to 1927. Read it for clearer written rule that no one is ever women a background pattern understanding of some of asked to join their missionary against which their program China's present difficulties. society. Instead, a prospective talks and considerations would LOTUS PETALS, by Princess member is asked to come as a stand out. The very best of der Ling-most interesting com- guest to one of the regular meetthese were listed. ments on va rio u smatters ings; she is greeted as a guest Mimeographed sheets, bearing Chinese by one who was first- of the one who has brought her, the following sort of informa- lady-in-waiting to the old Em- and is treated as such. She is tion, were given out at the early press Dowager. Read it so that asked by the same person to fall meeting, where background you may see China through Chi- come again, perhaps not next reading was stressed. nese eyes in yet another aspect time, but soon. She is welcomed [429 ]

as a visitor for as long as she ship plays when· well produced. the draping of the graceful garwants to come. Then, as she becomes a familiar guest, she is We also know how hard it is to ments of India. asked to help with this or that. And then, sometime, quite cas- discover from the printed de- Why not secure, in your disually, she is asked if she would like formally to join the group. scription of a play just what trict or state group, a demonstra- If she does join, it is because effect it will have. And even tion program of plays and dramshe knows the group, likes the fellowship, is interested in the after reading a play it is a bit atizations, suitable for use durmeetings, and has done some work in connection with them. hard to know what impression it ing this next year? It should be She knows, through regular reports and minutes, about the will give. held at least a month before such educational and financial aims of the group, and is already taking Why not have a demonstration plays will be given in the local time to attend. There is, thus, no influx of new members to be night for missionary plays and churches. coddled along. There is no un- playlets? A district or state con- .W~y not send someone to ~ee willing member who has joined vention is a fine place to do this. ~IssIO~ary plays that ar~ bemg because she was pestered to be- An institute or young people's ,~_gIven m other churches m .y.our come a member. Anyone is welcome as a perennial visitor to conference is also excellent. A own or near-by commumtIes? that group. But no one is asked to join until she has shown a de- county interdenominational Sun- Send someone who can coach a sire to become a working mem- day school council meeting gives play for yoU! ~roup. ber of the organization. . another opportunity. Why not Jom WIth other mlS- P. S. Oh, yes, its quite true that this group has an unusually Here are two examples of how sionary groups or churches to good time together, has good this has been done very success- ask a drama~lCs club to prepare programs, and carries an inspir- fully. The Boston University and pr~sent, m each of yo~r I?roing financial responsibility. But School of Religious Education grams m turn, the b~st I?IssIonthen, you know, so could your society. used to have one month before ary play or dramatIzatIon you Improving Missionary Christmas an'd one month before can find? P!o.duce t~at play! Easter, a program of plays, You can Meetings music and other items, given as Or you can Jomtly .wlth some "If we don't stop taking so demonstration, to which were o~her group secure Its ~rodu~­ much time for business," sighed tIon. A~d you can be gUIded m a bored member of a missionary invited representatives from the your chOl~e and h~ve your p~th group, "I'm going to quit com- city's churches. Two or more ~ade eaSIer for ItS productIon ing." She was right. The busi- plays, of differing difficulty and If y:ou arrange for an~ual, or ness seemed interminable. The secretary's reports were espe- type, were given each time-new cially boring. Attack at that point seemed strategic. At the plays which were available for semI-annual demonstratIOns. by next election, one of the church's most devoted club-women, was, use that season. How much bet- competent amateurs, at pomts with her previous consent, elected secretary. Her minutes, ter they could be judged, when where many are together who brief and to the point, gracious in their necessary acknowledg- produced on the stage than in can use such plays. ments, and in perfect order, have been a joy. It is noticeable that any other way! Ideas were Looking Ahead when this new secretary is oc- gained for costuming, for lightcasionally not able to be present, there is no slipping back into old ing, for music, for setting, all October is the special issue on ways. An ideal has been set up within the ability of the ordinary India. All the glamour and color for making the minutes a real church and yet stressing simple of the Orient can be introduced contribution rather than a detri- and dignified treatment. ment. into your meetings. And against A second example, which bids When You Produce That Play! fair to become a yearly custom, it you will present the tragedy is the presentation of two dem- and the hope of that ancient We all know the effectiveness onstration playlets, one on the land. We shall give some of the of missionary and world-friend- ways in which m iss ion a r y home missions theme and one on groups and leaders here and the foreign missions theme, at a there have made India a live luncheon program of the Mis- issue in their meetings.

sionary Institute of Indianapolis, In November we hope to have Indiana, early each May. It some very helpful suggestions would be interesting to know in for developing a sense of stew- how many missionary groups, ardship among the people of our missionary groups. Stewardship over Indiana and in adjacent is more than a faithful presenta- states from which delegates tion of the regular dues. It is an come, those little playlets. with their missionary message are attitude of life. And a very im- given in the missionary year portant part of Christian educa- tion is the nurture of individuals which follows; and just because and groups in that attitude. they were demonstrated there in a fashion which could be fol- Christmas and World Peace lowed in the smallest church. seem more and more to be joined in our thoughts.. We like also to For the current year, 'such a think of Christmas around the demonstration might include the world. In our December issue correct winding of a turban and we shall have some very definite

EFFECTIViE WAYS OF WORKING

suggestions for making the A missionary in Mexico, not Such a project can become Peace emphasis effective, and for long ago, found no welcome in a part of the stewardship training achieving a deeper sense of the certain village. So she moved of the children. Through it they real meaning of Christmas. over there to live, as a neighbor, become aware of the needs of Some avenues of service will be in a tiny Mexican "adobe" hut- others, they review their own regiven which other groups have to be, not a missionary, but a sources, decide to part with some found meant much to their own neighbor. She did not know things dear to them through asdevelopment. whether during the few months sociation, yet too often "hung she planned to be there, she onto" for only that reason, and Ventures in Understanding would find more than one or two they give time and money and curious children who would be effort to make the things "as A young women's missionary friends with her and to whom good as new" in order that they guild were studying the living she could be a friend. She ar- may be useful gifts to make, valreligions of the world. When rived with some trepidation. ued by those to whom they are they came to Judaism, they in- But the village people, hitherto to go. vited a young Jewish social hostile, welcomed her as they worker to come as a guest of one would have received one of them- Seven Rules for a Good of the members. They met her selves. Great things arose out Meeting socially before their supper, of that determination to give chatted with her during the herself, in their own manner, to 1. Be friendly. The regular member meal, and later listened with friendship. Is there anyone of who is retiring can be as lonely deep interest to her talk on your group making herself a as the stranger-almost. Great Jewish Women. For the member of another group, for an first time, for many of them, the hour, for a day, for a week? Is 2. Begin on time. Announce, "Thurs- Jew was linked with modern so- anyone putting herself in the day at 2: 00 P. M., with the procial reform. They began to real- position of needing from them gram beginning promptly at ize that Jews are a force for that same friendliness which she 2: 15." Stress the earlier hour, righteousness in America today. hopes to give them? for the greeting of friends and Theirs was more than a dispas- strangers is as important as the sionate study of Judaism that A New Avenue for Children's rest of the business, but begin night. They had a personal ex- Giving the program very promptly at perience in deepening their the time set. understanding of and liking for In connection with your study the Jew. What such experiences of the City, it might be wise to 3. Conduct all business with dispatch. in understanding are you plan- find out about Toy Libraries in Having planned a proportionning for your group during the your own or in some adjacent ately suitable time for the businext few months? city. Many city children in the ness, do not let it infringe upon underprivileged sections have the rest of the program. If it is *** not one toy of any sort. One of running over, analyze your tech- the interesting newer projects is nique and improve it. A young people's world friend- the establishment of a "Toy Liship group meeting included a brary" in some such district 4. See that the devotional period is Chinese boy and a Japanese girl. where children may withdraw a short but reverent in every way. What happened? Sparks flew! toy for a week, gs they would Stress simplicity and dignity; Some regretted that the two had withdraw a book from a library. and frown upon starting with an been invited at the same time. excuse for lack of preparation, But others realized, as never be- Where such a Toy Library facetiousness, or last – minute fore, how pride of race can cre- exists, an excellent avenue is passing of hymn books, etc. If ate antagonism even when Chris- open for a service project for the hymns 'are familiar, announce the tian brotherhood exists. From children of more privileged verses to be sung and sing withthat situation rose a deeper areas. Most of these children out books, not adding the hope understanding of the problem of have toys – such as scooters, that the hymn is known to everyracial antagonisms, and a sleds, roller skates, .and games one. If not familiar use books stronger desire to meet such an- which they have outgrown but or do not have group singing. tagonisms in the spirit of Christ. which are, basically, still sturdy This alone can produce. as it did and good. Dolls, games, toy fur- 5. Give sequence to your study. Rein that group, a greater senti- niture, puzzles, and other play- mind the group of the general ment than that of race, and things are lying in attics or on theme of study or program being draw alien peoples together. Are back shelves. Why not have a followed. Review in a sentence you keeping your group clear of "Paint and Scissors Club," meet- or two the ground already covsituations which might prove ing weekly for a few weeks, to ered in past meetings. State the embarrassing? Or are you out which will be brought these old aspect of the subject to be conto demonstrate, right within but good toys, to be renovated sidered today. Introduce each your own circle, that the most there by the Juniors under the item of the program with a word difficult race relationship can be direction of one or two adults or as to its bearing on today's desolved if courageously faced and young people? velopment of that aspect. met in the spirit of our Lord? 6. Relate the offering to life itself. At the time of its presentation, have a two- or three-sentence preSentation of some service the group is rendering through its gifts. Have a prayer dedicating the day's offering to its use.

7. Close on time. Never run past closing time. A meeting which closes on time has a rhythm and effectiveness which is lacking where it just runs on and on. Prompt closing makes for much more careful preparation.

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y. I ==================I~'

SETTING-UP CONFERENCE The central theme run~ing FOR EASTERN MIGRANT ""–through the w.orship serVIces STAFF was the need for spiritual re- Hartford Theological sources in the midst of a c.om- Seminary plex and confusing world – "I JUNE 16-19, 1938 can do all things thr.ough Christ As Seen by Two Leaders who strengtheneth me."

The fourth annual Setting-Up THE STAFF OF THE NEW YORK AND The cl.osing session was held Conference for the workers in NElW JERSEY CENTERS; MISS HELEN Sunday morning in the Semthe Migrant centers .of the East- inary Chapel preceding breakern Area was held this year, WHITE, SUPERVISOR fast and was led by Dr. Miller. June 16-19, at the Hartford In that early morning hour the Seminary Foundati.on, Hart- message of the joy of service ford, Connecticut, when Dr. J. Quinter Miller, Executive Sec- in crafts, recreation, s.ongs, nurs- fell upon minds and hearts alretary of the C.onnecticut C.oun- ready prepared. And as these cil of Churches, his able assist- ery school methods, child care, highly endowed young people ant, Mr. R. Stanley Kendig and camp sanitation, first aid, be- Miss Vera MacCracken, Secre- haviour problems and religious had themselves been ch.osen tary .of the Hartford County education methods made a rich largely because of the privilege Y. W. C. A. proved to be m.ost program. genial and perfect hosts. of their experience, they left The earnest and energetic Hartford newly commissioned Thither they came – 40 Col- staff .of young men and women and eager to go out to serve. lege students representing the had crammed noteb.ooks, broad- ShaufHer College of Religi.ous ened minds and understanding Into my hearl's treasury I slipped a and Social Work, Pennsylvania hearts. There was a strong feel- State, Bennett College, Kansas ing .of fellowship and unity. coin State Teachers College, Bucknell University, Virginia State Am.ong those who were .of That time cannot steal nor thief pur- College, Kalamazoo College, very special help were Mrs. Maryville College, Muskingum Phyllis Williams, of the Insti- loin, C.ollege, Oberlin College, Amherst College, Yale University; tute of Human Relati.ons .of Yale o better than the mining of a gold- Divinity Students from Hart- University, who gave an inter- crowned king ford Seminary F.oundation and pretation of 'the Folk ways. of Andover Newton The.ological the Italians; Miss Lola De- Is the safe-kept memory of a lovely Seminary; and experienced Grille, of the International Inkindergartners, recreational and stitute .of New York, interpreted thing. -Sara Teasdale. home-economics folk, as well as Polish f.olk; Mrs. John Ainley, sch.ool teachers. Many were who taught songs and also gave LAURA H. PARKER, new to the work while others meth.ods in song leading; Miss PETRICHA E. MANCHESTER. had had much experience, for one of the sl.ogans .of Migrant Frances Hedden with concrete As Seen by a Worker Workers is "once a Migrant, al- and practical suggestions. in reways a Migrant." Here they ligious education; Miss Marie Sharecropping and its horr.ors .assembled to receive training in Gaertller in nursery scho.ol have been studied and effectively "center" technique, to plan f.or methods; and Miss Agnes Diehl dramatized to the country. Yet the current season, and to ex- the migration of w.orkers from change helpful experiences. community to community seek- Lectures and dem.onstrations ing new employment, supple- menting irregular employment at customary occupations, or habitually following seasonal employment is an accepted phe- in the field of crafts. nomenon in contemp.orary in- Saturday night the picnic sup- dustrial society.

per with the singing, camp fire Consci.ous .of the extent of the and worship service br.ought to problem .of migratory labor in all a nearness of God through the United States, the C.ouncil the great .outdo.ors and a realiza- of Women for H.ome Missi.ons in tion, by contrast, .of the severe 1920 established centers for the care of migrant families. It was and sordid things that would the staff .of these centers in the have t.o be faced during the ex- East which met at Hartford perience of the summer.

[432 ] electro nic fil e created by cafis.org

BULLETIN: COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

Theological Seminary fro m grant ranks. The emplQyer June 16-19, 1938. looks at his migrant laborers as It is evident that a s'Ocial prQblem as comprehensive and people "whQm he gets cheap." basic as migratory lab'Or- 'Originating from a search for Hence, there is n'O coordination economic security and creating or cOQperatiQn among the groups. further problems of disintegratiQn 'Of family life, inadequate The good migrant social worker child care, poor housing c'Ondi- can and must break down these tions with consequent health problems, lack of sufficient edu- barriers. This was discussed by cati'On 'On the part 'Of children and adults, lack of time fQr Mrs. Manchester, Messrs. NewrecreatiQn and aesthetic expression, lack of opportunity fQr field, Glick, and Dr. Miller. participatiQn in dem'Ocracy, and a feeling 'Of intolerance–has n'O The migrant mQvies and the 'One final answer. Hence, the conference could best be viewed visit to the tobacco plantatiQn by stating its issues in terms of fundamental questions. expressed more adequately than It appears that a rather vital words the actual physical needs pre-supposition that undergirds of the migrant. each 'Of the issues, and is im- THE STAFF OF DELAWARE AND MARY- LAND CENTERS; MRS. P. E. Definite prQgram suggestions plied in each is: that the educa- MANCHESTER, SUPIDRVISOR tional and religiQus processes and helps were given in the should it be arran~ed? What which culminate in creative in- should be its extent? periods. with Misses Hedden, telligence and human under- 5. In facing the problem of healthstanding can transcend the cul- What can we do as inexperi- GordQn, Diehl, Gaertner, Mrs. ture and develop it. Upon one's enced, untrained people in giving reaction to the pre-supP'Osition first aid, camp sanitation, ar- Maramarco, and Messrs. Thomhangs the hQpe 'Of the social mi- ranging meals, summoning the grant worker. For, as seen aid of county agencies ? sen, North, and Kullgren when 6. Accompanying the maladjustment through: the issues and the dis- in labor and home, certain unde- we learned (bQth through hearcussion 'Of them, the migrant so- sirable and abnormal behaviour patterns are developed. How ing and d'Oing) something about cial worker is expected t'O be shall we meet them? an educator, religi'Ous director, 7. The migrants represent every cul- children's work; folk games and nurse, home economist, libra- ture. One works best with those rian, musician, and business he knows and understands. dances; homemade games; eveman. Unless he has faith, then, What are the folkways of the migrants with whom we are to ning, Sunday and rainy day pr'Oin the power 'Of a creative dy- work? namic educati'On coupled with grams for yQung people and the Qmnip'Otence 'Of God, he is as Let us develop these issues briefly as they were discussed at adults; and crafts. . a lost sheep. the c'Onference. ThrQugh the help of D'OctQrs With this in mind some basic The seven-minute presentaquestions and issues which were tions 'Of the four areas discussed Calverly and Clifford and Mr. cQnsidered are: picturesquely and interestingly by the Misses Vera MacCracken, Scott V e were ,able to feel that 1. What are the duties and problems Mary Cannon, CarQI Ferwerda of a migrant social worker? and Gladys Corkum prQvided an untrained health educatQrs could How does his work differ from excellent backgrQund orienta- the social case worker? tion for the understanding 'Of do something. the duties and problems of the 2. The migrants-How do they live? migrant socialwQrker. How Inspired, challenged, and defi- What are their needs? different her work is frQm a city sQcial case w'Orker! HQW much nitely helped by the experiences 3. What are the values of the migrant is involved! No longer are y'OU program for the employer, com- a case worker, or a nurse, or a of the conference we strove to munity, migrant? What should teacher, 'Or religi'Ousdirector- be the relationship between the but you must be a combination plan 'Our programs. Balanced migrant and community, em- of them all. ployer and migrant, social work- as they may be, we can still feel er and community, social worker Because any successful pro- and employer, migrant and so- gram 'Of migrant education must a lack, f'Or our prQgrams cannot cial worker? Where should the represent this cQmbinati'On, it focus be? What are some of the must include the empl'Oyer and get at the real roots of the prob- methods of attack? the community as well as the migrant. There exists, undoubt- lem. It· is evident that the old 4. Our program-What should it in- edly, a feeling 'Of intolerance clude for infants, children, among the community folk be- econQmy, attitudes land educa- young people, adults? · How cause they dQ n'Ot understand their migrant brother. There tion are inadequate, but the is, therefore, "a man without a country" attitude within the mi- problems of migrancy can be abolished is our cry.

May we keep always in 'Our hearts the spirit 'Of the "Work- er's Prayer" which we felt at the close of the conference.

Lord, speak to me, that I may speak In living echoes of thy tone; As thou hast sought, so let me seek Thy erring children, lost and lone.

Oh, teach me, Lord, that I may teach The precious things thou dost im- part; And wing my weirds that they may reach The hidden depths of many a heart.

Oh, give thine own sweet rest to me; That I may speak with soothing power A word in season, as from thee, To weary ones in needful hour.

-F'rttnces R. H avergal.

DEBORAH CANNON.

World–wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events .~ EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO 1 ~'='===—-=-===–=-=======~ J APAN-OHOSEN who is a Christian and I see eight out of ten, because of the sQmething in his face that is dif- Japanese insistence on attend- A Soldier's Penance ferent. I want it." AnQther ance at the shrines. These were The United Church Record wrote: "I was riding a bicycle, "-great institutions wit h fine reports the following incident, told by the pastor in whose returning tQ my home from buildings, a good reputation, a church it .occurred: school. You gave me a tract. I capacity student body, and ap- A Japanese soldier came to a little chapel at Pingting, a rural town in believe now in the true God. I parently a future of great useeastern Shansi, on Christmas Day. He knelt and prayed before the Cross have .one friend who believes fulness. But it became imposwhile the pastor looked on with a great alsQ, and we gather the village sible to preserve the Christian deal of interest. children t.ogether sometimes and c.ontent of the sch.ools and at the Rising, the soldier approached the pastor and handed him a five-dollar talk to them about God." same time meet demands made note, explaining that he and three of -Presbyterian Survey. on them which loyal followers his comrades wished to donate this to the church. He Never Met a Ohristian of Christ would find impossible to meet with.out comprQmising Asked what was his calling before An .old man in the country their consciences, so we had no the war, the soldier revealed that he was converted by reading the choice left save tQ follow the and his three friends were all evan- Bible before he ever met a orders of our Executive Comgelists before they were conscripted. Christian. Hearing of Chris- mittee and make this great sac- Why didn't his friends come to the tianity, and thinking it sounded rifice for the sake of our convicchurch too? The answer was: They reasonable, he wrote to a city tion that we, as Christians, had no "face" to come to the church friend who sent him a Bible and should serve only one God, and after all the sinful things they had a Christian newspaper. After that our deepest soul loyalty bedone in invading China and killing the reading these he asked where he longs to Jesus Christ. Chinese people. They thought they could meet a Christian and was could not present themselves in front told there were some in Hamada. "There is still a strong native of Jesus Christ. Finding some of the Christian church that is witnessing for wQrkers holding an open-air Jesus Christ. It is working and He, however, decided that he could service, he joined heartily in the growing. There are also still at least atone for his sins by coming singing, making a joyful noise wide open fields for evangelism. to worship in the church, especially quite out of tune, and laughed The Gospel can be preached as since it was Christmas Day. He and chuckled all through the freely as ever, and people listen hoped that with the love of Christ the talks, so that the wo r k e r s as gladly. WQmen's work offers world might be changed, all national thought that he was mentally many opportunities for Chrisdifferences sunk and all human suf- deficient, until they realized that tian service in home and comferings avoided. it was his overflowing joy at munity. All the hospitals are meeting fellQw Christians for filled, and witnessing for Christ The Printed Word the first time in his life! He has is being emphasized in each of never turned back from the them. More extensive Bible Japan has one point of ad- faith he entered intQ through training is being planned, SQ vantage over all other mission reading the Bible. When he that every church may have fields in that practically every prays he follows no conventional competent leadership." Japanese can read. Education method, but sits down with open there is compulsory. A mission- eyes and chats to his unseen Presbyterian Survey. ary, therefore, can write out Friend as if he could see the .one anything he wishes to tell to the to whQm he talks. A Oommunist Oonverted thronging multitudes whQm he passes in city streets, or to Korea Mission Losses A United Church of Canada farmers he meets along country missionary visited a Korean palanes, and hand it with a smile Rev. L. T. Newland, D.D., .of tient in a hQspital and noticed a and a greeting, and know that the Southern Presbyterian Mis- copy of Luke's Gospel laying on it will be read and understoQd. sion at Kwangju, writes: "With- the bed. Upon being asked what As a result, letters come tQ the he thQught of it he replied: "I mission, confessing sins, telling used to be a cQmmunist. I .of dQmestic problems, asking thought the wQrld was in such hQW tQ be forgiven or how to find peace. One man wrote: "I in the last few months the a bad state that only by destroygQt yQur tract. I know a man Southern Presbyterian Mission ing everything and beginning in Korea has lost its schQols, all over again could things be [434 ] set right. Since I have been here deeming love is read with great two or three portable steel I have been reading this book, interest and appreciation. houses that will be set up by -Bible S.ociety Record. R. G. Letourneau, Inc. One of listening to the hospital evan- gelist, and have had time to NORTH AMERICA these will be used as a dwelling think. .I am now convinced that for exhibition purposes; another the Jesus' way is the only way Christian Youth Council will be the headquarters of the Christian Business Men's Comthat will work, that of changing Problems of war, poverty, un- mittee, while it is likely that a the world by first changing the hearts of men, and I have de- employment, slum living, race third will house a Bible exhibit. termined first of all to become a prejudice, crime, in d u s t ria 1 -Alliance Weekly. strife, alcohol and political cor- Christian myself." -Korea Mission Field. ruption cannot be solved by any- New England Bible thing less than a united Chris- Demonstration ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC tian movement, according to the At the Metropolitan Theater consensus of opinion among al- Bible Distribution in Hawaii most 3,000 Christian educators, in Providence, R. 1., this sum- Thirty thousand children in representatives of forty-one de- mer 3,500 Evangelical Chris- Hawaii's public s.chools have each received a copy of the nominations in the U nit e d ti·ans lifted their Bibles high Gospel of Luke. This was in response to a request of the chil- States and Canada, who came above their heads and repeated dren themselves, and the earnestness of the request was :r together in Columbus, Ohio, for three times: "The Word of the proved by the enthusiasm with which the gift was received. the twentieth quadrennial con- Lord endu~eth forever." he Some of the teachers wrote: vention of the International demonstrabon passed resolutIOns "The children are very much Council of Religious Education· recalling people everyw~er~, "~o pleased. Many read these little volumes during the free-reading in July. The delegates discussed a reverence for the BIble m period."-"Since the arrival of such problems as Christian fam- these ~ord~: "We again a!fi.rm the Gospels of Saint Luke a new ily life, Christian leadership for ~)Ur f~uth m. the . au~henbclty, interest in religious literature has been shown."-"This school the modern world missions and mtegnty and msplrabon of the wishes to express i·ts thanks and missionary educ~tion, drama, Holy Scripture as. being the ~ne appreciation for the wonderful story in the form received. A visual education, temperance and final authorIty. for. faith dozen different nationalities attend this school, and to many education, education and gam- and conduct; that, m VIew of this is a new book and a new story. We feel that much bene- bling, Christian education and the desperate need of the world fit will follow; for surely the industrial _economic problems, ~oday, we go on ~ecord as send- Word will bear fruit." Christian education and race re- mg forth from thIS rally a clear, Messages. like these cam e from the pupils: a Portuguese lations, and world peace. Facts pl·ain and forceful call to the about the world situation were world to return to that rever- presented, not by theorists but ence f?r the Bible w~ich sh.all by experts speaking b e for e result m earnest readmg, bellef small groups that took advan- in i~s rede~ptiye message and tage of the opportunity for ques- ~bedlence to Its mvaluable.teach- tions .and discussion. The task mgs."-Watch'lnan-Examtner.

of Christian education was viewed as one that concerns . Readjustments in Presbyterian Christian attitudes in facing our Foreign Board critical problems. Because of the retirement of girl remarked: "The first night Christianity on Exhibit several members of its staff, the I read four chapters to my whole Presbyterian Foreign Board is family. I shall read the whole At the Golden Gate Interna- readjusting the duties of other tional Exposition in 1939 an ap- members. Rev. William P. book for them."

An eighth-grade Japanese boy peal for Christianity will be Schell, D.D., continues as· chairproudly remarked: "Thanks for made to those who take no man of the Home Base Council the story. I carry it in my thought for religion. About and a new division of special pocket and read it every chance 8,000 square feet of outdoor gifts and annuities; Miss Ger- space will be leased, upon which trude Schultz remains in charge I get." A Japanese girl declared: will be erected a large steel audi- of women's work in the Home "Even though I believe in the torium, and in this Mr. Irwin Base. Rev. Charles T. Leber, Buddha, yet I like this story of A. Moon will present several D.D. has been transferred from times daily his "Sermons from the secretaryship for Japan, the Christ." These children carry the Science," a series of spectacular China, Siam and the Philippines Word of God to their various scientific phenomena used to il- to the promotional work of the homes-in the city, plantation lustrate spiritual truth. After Home Base, with a supervisory center, fisherman's hut, labor eight years of preparation, Mr. connection with young people's camp, homestead shack and Moon seeks to present the first work. Rev. Willis C. Lamott, primitive native houses, scat- century Gospel with twentieth D.D., of the Japan Mission, has tered from ocean shore to moun- century illustrations. In con- been asked to assume responsitain peak, where the story of re- nection with this exhibit will be bility for publicity work while

Miss Mary Moore, one of the appointed to deal with problems Church Cooperation and Union.

secretaries f.or y.oung people's of harmonizing rituals, co.ordi- Bishop Perry presented a resolu- work, will go to San Francisc.o nating pr.ograms and merging tion passed by the General Con- to replace Miss Marcia Kerr, organizations of the Methodist vention in Cincinnati: wh.o comes t.o New Y.ork t.o as- Episcopal Church, Methodist The General Convention of the sist Dr. Young in the new de- Episcopal Church, South, and Protestant Episcopal Church in the partment .of missi.onary person- Meth.odist Pr.otestant Church. U. S. A., acting with full realization nel. Rev. S. Franklin Mack will Other questions considered were of the significance of its proposal, church extension, missions, hos- hCehruebrcyh ininvthiteesU. tSh.eA. Ptoresjobiyntewriiathn give his entire time to directing pitals, education and young peo- it in accepting the following declarayoung pe.ople's w.ork.

Rev. George T. SC.ott, D.D. is pIe, pensions and publication tion: chairman .of the F.oreign De- work. A small committee .of The two churches, one in the faith lawyers will furnish counsel in onfatetheWLoordrd oJfesGusod,Chrreicsot,gmt~z~mginctahrepartment C.ouncil, with special alliega} matters. The next meet-"'·-Holy Scriptures as the supreme rule responsibility for interdenomi- national relationships. Rev. ing wIll be held January 24, of faith, accepting the two ~acra- LI.oyd S. Ruland, D.D., of Bing- 1939, at Jackson, Miss. minegnttshaotrdtahienevdisbibyleCuhnriistyt, aonfdCbherliisetv'shamton, N. Y., a former mis- Church is the will of God, hereby formally declare their purpose to sionary in China, becomes secre- School for Missionaries achieve organic union between their tary for China. Pending the The first Iowa School for Mis- respective churches. election .of a successor t.o Dr. Leber, Rev. J. L. Hooper, D.D., si.onaries will be held January -The Churchman. of the Philippines, will serve as 23 t.o February 18, 1939, at Iowa secretary f.or the four countries' State College, Ames, Iowa. The Library, and Racial Problem recently under Dr. Leber's su- first three weeks will be devoted t.o classes in the following sub- Here is what can happen pervision. jects: sociology and rural or- when a mission study class ganizati.on, agriculture and ru- learns something and acts upon Lutheran Unification ral education, foods and nutri- it. The minister of a Colored tion, family life and health, and church in Portsmouth, Va., city Delegates to the Eastern Dis- agriculture. The aftern.oons will of 50,000, told a white mission trict Convention .of the Ameri- study group that the Colored can Lutheran Church voted to be devoted t.o conferences and people of the city had n.o access put aside "doctrinal differences" field trips. A two-day rural mis- to a library. This was news to with .other Lutheran churches sions conference will be held many of the white people. and to unite "in fell.owship .of pulpit and altar" with them. during the course .of the school. The mission study class inves- The vote foll.owed long discus- The fourth week c.oincides with tigated, secured the cooperation sion of the reports of the Ameri- Iowa State Farm and Home of the National Youth Adminiscan Lutheran Church Commis- Week, the lectures and exhibits tration, which made the desired sion on Fell.owship with the .of which will be open t.o the mis- library a pr.oject, obtained aid United Lutheran Church in from the PWA, was given space America and with the Lutheran sionaries. The Iowa School for in Mr. Birchette's parish h.ouse, Synod of Missouri, Ohio and Missionaries is being carried on received gifts from citizens for .other states. by the Iowa State College at the lumber, paint, labor, and some request and with the co.opera- but n.ot yet enough furniturre T.h e Evangelical Lutheran an,d b.o.oks (the Church Periodi- Synod of Missouri has churches ti.on .of the Rural Missions C.o- cal Club assisting) and put a in every state of the Union, and .operating C.ommittee, repre- trained librarian in charge. a total membership .of 1,305,000 senting some eighteen foreign in the United States and Can- The library was opened by a ada. At the recent Triennial missi.on b.oards in the United States. -Agricultural Mission Notes.

Conventi.on the Syn.od auth.or- Presbyterian-Episcopal program inc Iud i n g eight ized a drive for a thank offering s pee c h e s by representatives Negotiations to commemorate the hundredth from co.operating groups.

anniversary .of the arrival in the A delegation fr.om the Pres- Border Cooperation United States .of the Saxons who byterian Church U. S. A., met f.ounded this church. The sum Every Texas city of moderate sought will be in addition to the last December with Bish.oP Per- size has its "Little Mexico," cut annual budget of $1,500,000. ry and Dr. Howard C. R.obbins .off from the rest .of the town by of the Protestant Episc.opal The- United Methodism Meets ological Seminary to confer on invisible but definite lines that a closer union ·of the tW.o b.odies. are seldom crossed except by The first large j.oint meeting Representing the Presbyterian teachers, missionaries or occa- .of Methodists held since unifi- Church were Dr. L. S. Mudge, sional tourists. Few of the cation was approved by the stated clerk of the General nearly 7,000 Mexicans in Texas Methodist Episcopal Church, Assembly and Dr. J. Ross Stev- speak English: they have their South, took place in Columbus, enson, chairman of the Presbyte- own stores, newspapers, church- Ohi.o, in JUly. C.ommittees were rian Assembly's Department on es. While the majority are

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Roman Catholic, every Mexican notified the large canneries at ment is given for an hour three center has a struggling evangel- Ho.onah and Yakutat that no na- times within one week, and then ical mission, and the American tives need bother to apply for the patient is allowed to rest for Bible Society tries to provide work either as laborers in the a month before the treatment is Spanish Scriptures at cost. Sec- canneries or as fishermen, for continued. retary Marroquin, American Bi- they would n'Ot be hired." The A wealthy philanthrQpist 'Of ble Society's Mexican agent, a natives in that region, threaten- Brazil has offered a set of the few months ago made a two- ing to take things into their own apparatus to the United States, weeks' tour of the centers of hands, are prepared to fight, if for use at the Leper Clinic in Mexican population in Texas; a necessary, fQr their right to Carville, La. journey of over 1,500 miles, work. The largest cannery in -The Christian Advocate. with stops in various centers Alaska, located at Kassan, has where local c'Ommittees had definitely decided not to reopen. Thr.ough Brazil with the Bible previously planned interdenomi- Others may do likewise, rather national meetings to hear his than yield to the unreas.onable An outstanding piece .of work during the year has been the reillustrated lecture. He shows demands of the labor unions. markable journey through Brahis audience how colportage Unless the deadlock is broken, zil of two colporteurs, George work is done in Mexic'O, takes Glass and the redoubtable Antao them over mountain passes, on thousands of Alaskan families Pessoa. They c'Overed 5,000 burro back or oxcart; and tells will suffer. them how, under the present Mexican g'Overnment, the circu- LATIN AMERIOA miles, mQstly by mule back, but lation 'Of the Bible increased the SQme 1,300 miles was in a "dug past year by 10,000 copies; how the Scriptures are being trans- Educati.on in B.olivia out" and almost 250 miles on lated into the native tongues of foot. There were perils to face, 3,000,000 Indians .of Mexico The public school teachers of such as terrific cataracts, rapids, who do not speak Spanish; how Bolivia have petitioned the wild beasts and hostile tribes, the 130,000 Protestants of that g.overnment to use for public the latter sunk in poverty and country contributed 4,152 pesos schools the money now given to ignorance. Once 'On trek they (over a thousand d'Ollars) to the support the State church. The came to an abandoned region support of the Bible Society; Roman clergy have jointly is- ruled by a murderer who tried how even the illiterates often sued a pastoral letter to all Bo- to get them in his p.ower, but buy copies .of the Bible, in the livian citizens warning them with the c'Onnivance of two 'Of hope that someone will read that their religion is in danger, the man's own cut throats they aloud to them-so great is their that Communism is just arQund managed to escape. desire for the Word of God. the CQrner. and that they should The largest sales were made c'Onsider very carefully for in the priest-ridden town of Eighteen such meetings were whom they cast their vote. This Campinas. One very suspicious held, and 'Over 7,000 Mexicans year 1938, may prove a momen-· old lady refused to touch the heard 'Of the work of Bible dis- tous .one for Bolivia, especially books, but as the colporteur read tribution, while 14,000 Gospels were left with local pastors to if the Congress and the Senate one passage after another she be given out. should decide on the separation began to make exclamatiQns of -Bible Society Record. of Church and State, which ac- apprQval, and finally bought a tion is not altogether improb- copy, say i n g apologetically: able. "You see, I thought the bOQk -Baptist Missionary Review. was Protestant." The lurid pic- Alaskans in Distress tures 'Of Protestants, painted by Oxygen f.or Lepr.osy the priests, had filled the people Native Alaskans, who depend Brazil is said to lead the wQrld with dread. entirely upon the fishing in- in the fight against leprosy, and dustry for their living, are fac- These two intrepid men had ing a desperate situati'On grow- a new treatment being tried ing out of the activities of the there is reported by Dr. H. W. many adventures and escapes, Wade, of Washington, D. C. It labor unions in the United but the greatest experience was States who seek to control the consists of the administration fishing and canning industry of oxygen under pressure, and the satisfaction .of circulating throughout the Alaskan Terri- the inventor is Dr. Ozorio de 100 Bibles, 700 Testaments and Almeida, wh.o first thought of it 3,000 Gospels in 'One .of the dark- est regions 'Of the earth.

-The Neglected Continent.

tory. Demands of rival labor as a means 'Of treating cancer. Five Year Increase in Brazil unions have prevented the re- The patient is placed in a tank opening of the canneries. These into which pure 'Oxygen can be The Presbyterian Church of unions insist upon determining introduced and the pressure Brazil reported at the annual who shall be employed, discrim- gradually increased until it General Assembly held this year inating against native Alaskans. reaches an atmosphere and a in FQrtaleza that there are now A correspondent of the Presby- half (some twenty-one pounds 266 organized churches and 140 terian BQard of National Mis- to the square inch) ab.ove the .other groups, exclusive of 1,522 sions writes: "The C. I. O. has normal pressure. The treat- places where the Gospel is regu-

larly preached. These churches EUROPE heads of families-men in good are organized into three synods Mohammed's Birthday Cele- standing with the governmentand are ministered to by 183 or- must be presented for approval. brated in London dained ministers and nine licen- tiates. There are 43,100 church On May 12, a group of Mo- Calvinistic Congress members, and a Sunday school membership of 47,939. It will hammedans in London cele- The fourth Biennial Calvinbe seen by comparison with the brated the birth of their prophet istic Congress met in Edinburgh figures published in 1932 in the World Dominion Survey of Bra- and Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer was in July, and created "no small zil that this is an all round increase during the last five years. invited to attend. Two hundred stir" in the city. An announce- This church has maintained a persons were present, of whom ment of a "Nazi ban on Edinworker in Portugal for some nearly half were women. SO!lle burgh Congress" drew attention time, and it is hoped that a col- of the men wore the Pers~an to meetings which might otherleague will be sent to him from headdress, a few the IndIan .wise have passed with less nothe Brazilian Church shortly. turban, but as to the rest they tice but the added interest was -World Dominion Press. might have been any group of justified. Four German pastors cultured London people. About were refused permission by der three-fourths of those pr~s~nt Fuehrer to be present, the reason were Moslems. :r'he presldmg being that the Congress was ex- officer was a R.usslan a~d prayer pected to take a sympathetic at- Cooperation in River Platte was offered III ArabIC by an titude toward the Confessional Republics Egyptian. One speaker declared Church as did the World Con- A new epoch in cooperation Mohammed to be "the redeemer ference' on Faith and Order at among Evangelical forces in Argentina, Uruguay and Para- of womanhood, the light of the :n Oxford last year. However two world and the glory of civilizaguay is believed to have begun tion" ! !-Religious Digest. Germans of the Ref 0 r e d Church were present, but took as a result of a conference called Bans and Concessions in by the Committee on Coopera- Roumania no part in the program. tion in Buenos Aires. This Con- The Congress was made up of ference considered the question The Religious News Service about 130 delegates, and inof organizing a Confederation reports that the Roumanian cluded a number of Europe's of Evangelical Churches in this Government has made it illegal foremost theologians. Holland area, and a committee of nine for eight different religious sects and Hungary sent some of their was appointed to draw up plans to continue the practice of their best thinkers, and others came for such a federation. faiths. . from France, Czechoslovakia, Switzerland, South Africa, New Of the forty-five pastors and The sects banned are: the Mil- Zealand, Australia, America, laymen in attendance, repre- .lenium group (which, .according Eire and Northern Ireland. The senting sixteen church bodies to the decision includes the In- general topic was "The Reand organizations, twenty-two ternational Students of the Bi- formed Faith and its Ethical Consequences" in the Individual, were nationals; eighteen were ble, Jehovah's Witnesses and the Family, the Church, in So- ciety, the State, in Economics, missionaries of North American others) the Pentecostalists, the in Art. It was emphasized that the world must get back to the and British Boards; and five Tremblers, the Church of God vital principle of Calvinism, the were ministers to non-Spanish- the Apostle, the Penitent Naza- sovereignty of God.

speaking groups in Argentina. renes, the Reformed Adventists, -The Christian.

It was regarded as the most rep- the Illistii, the Innocents and the resentative group ever meeting Stilisti (the Old Stylers).

in Buenos Aires to discuss At the same time, the official decision granted new concesmeans of closer cooperation. Reformed Church of France An "Evangelical Youth Con- sions to Baptists, Seventh Day gress," held in Rosario, Argen- Adventists and Evangelicals. The Reformed Church of tine, last year revealed an in- Baptists received special men- France, which now unites the creasing solidarity among young tion, the last clause of the long four principal French Churches, people. Strong leadership was decision stating that they will will officially function in its unimanifest; the delegates declared be permitted to organize church fied form on January 1, 1939. their allegiance not only to the communions throughout the The new organization will be Church and its place in deepen- country by fulfilling certain con- marked by a work of conquest, ing the spiritual life, but also ditions, which in countries like consolidation and forward evanadopted important resolutions the United States and England gelism. in the field of social action. would be considered imposi- The churches in Paris are These young people edit and tions; for example, a minister seeking to spread among their publish two excellent periodicals must confine his activities to the congregations a desire for Bible in this district and share in a four walls of the recognized study, carried on by groups radio preaching broadcast twice "prayer house," and before such meeting daily in places of worweekly. a house can be lawful a petition ship. The great success which -The Christian Century. bearing the signature of twenty has resulted is due to a deep de-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

sire to know better the Word olics are not concerned, since AFRICA of God in order to spread this they concluded a concordant knowledge throughout ,France. nearly ten years ago. Jewish Islam's Sudan Campaign The fall in the value of the problems appear to be more po- As a result of Egypt's ac- franc and the rise in the cost of litical than religious.. knowledged rights in the Sudan, living presents a troublesome The head of this new depart- Azhar University in Cairo is deproblem to all the churches, and ment has traveled widely and is veloping a Moslem missionary es.pecially to the Paris Mission- conversant with all these prob- enterprise for various countries, ary Society with its large com- lems at first hand. and proposes that young Sudan- mitments in British Sou t h There will be seven divisions ese be trained at the University Africa. It will force them to in the new department, each in the technique of teaching Isconsider seriously the salaries under the direction of a special- lam to the pagans of the Sudan; of pastors, their pensions, and ist in such fields as education, and that they imitate Christian the maintenance and current ex- religion, labor, culture and eco- missionaries in acquiring the penditure of all Christian ac- native languages of these people. tivities. Yet the church has nomics. In spite of various discour- unanimously decided upon ad- The Gospel for Refugees agements, Christian missions in vance. the southern Sudan are meeting -World Dominion Press. In spite of the difficulties with great response. In some which beset the Russian Gospel areas, thousands attend the Sun- Evangelism in Greece Movement, conversions and bap- day services, and native Chris- A small group of Grecians, tisms are continually taking tians have started hundreds of converted to evangelical faith place among refugees. in various bush schools throughout the through reading the Bible, were country. charged by the Orthodox Church parts of Europe. Evangelistic with illegal proselytizing, for meetings are held regularly at Danger in Half Knowledge which the penalty is banishment. A Greek lawyer, now Montbard, France, where there Rev. P. A. Unwin, of the studying in England, was em- are numbers of refugees. The C. M. S., says that with the ployed to defend them and was Movement is responsible for the preaching of the Gospel there so impressed with the unfalter- must be systematic Christian distribution of a magazine and education, and clinches the point quantities of Gospel literature, mostly Scripture portions and ing faith of these unlettered books. with the following story: "A men that he entered into a During the International Ex- workman, educated in a governdee per spiritual experience position in Paris last year, more ment technical school, came to through their testimony, and is than 15,000 tracts in French and my room a short while ago. 'I now devoting his life to the Russian were distributed. Large want to see the thing which Lord's work. He reports that texts were on display, where makes the noise inside that box,'

this little group has started a they could be read by visitors. he said, indicating the wireless church which is growing stead- In this connection, it is start- set. I took off the back and ily. One old, illiterate woman ling to note in a report of the showed him all I could; but I asked a neighbor to read a Bible National Lutheran Council that am ignorant in such matters. chapter to her every day, and the 1938 budget of the Godless Then he railed at me and the gist half the village was converted of his remarks was this: 'You through this one instance, one of organization in Russia amounts English are all the same ; you the converts being a man who to 65 million rubles. Of this had spent seventeen years in sum 42 millions are contributed keep the African back. You do not want him to learn lest he prison. by members and 23 millions de- rived from the sale of anti-reli- should govern himself and you After completing his studies gious literature. During the would be deprived of the shillin England, this lawyer plans to year 14 millions will be allocated ings which you get from native return to Greece and help to to subsidize activities of the In- taxes. The Mission is the ear shepherd this flock. ternational Godless committee, of the Government. You are as and the remainder will be uti- bad as the rest. Have you not Situation Eased in Roumania lized for propaganda purposes refused to tell me how the wire- less works? Did they not refuse All religious questions have within the country. It is ex- pected also that a contribution to tell me how to make electricity been taken out of the office of will be sent to aid in financing at the technical school? And the Minister of Cult, and a the International Free Thinkers' why do you not let the African special department has been cre- congress to be held in London make his own shillings as you ated by the Roumanian Govern- next autumn. This amounts to do yourselves?' " ment to handle all minority a total of $13,000,000, of which questions, including religious -C. M. S. Outlook.

and ethical. This move is high- $2,800,000 is designated for Education Proceeds Slowly ly pleasing to such minorities as "foreign missions" in the United the Baptists, Evangelicals, Re- States and other Christian na- A diagram in the Gold Coast formists and Adventists. Cath- tions. Annual Education Report shows.

the total number of children at- man it was not for them to say WESTERN ASIA tending school for the past no. Hebrew University twenty-five years: according to the ratio of increase, it would Bantu Sunday Schools The Hebrew University in Jetake approximately 600 years before a child-population of the The s,econd Bantu Sunday rusalem, when founded in 1925, present size would be attending school. School Convention in Johannes- consisted of one building, a li- burg was attended by 117 dele- brary of 74,000 volumes, a fac- A further diagram, taking galtes from 43 centers in all ulty of 30, a student body of 64 into. account increases of population, shows the percentages of provinces of the South Africa and a curriculum of four departchildren of school age attending school to the total child-popula- Union, Basutoland and Swazi- ments. Today, on Mount Scotion year by year for the 25-year land. ~us there are 12 buildings, a period; and shows that it would take over 3,500 years before The Convention endorsed the lIbrary of over 350,000 volumes, primary education would be made available for the whole recommendation of the Inter-De- ",",a student body of over 800; a of the child-population of the partmental Committee on Na- faculty of 110.; and a currICU- Gold Coast. Figures for the tive Education that native edu- lum on a par! III both scope ~nd whole of Africa would be even cation should continue to be sta.ndar?~, WIth .that of leadmg more startling. centered in religion. It urged umve:;slbes. WIt.h some of. the upon the administration of Na- world s ou~standmg ~ ~ WI S h -World Dominion Press. tive Education and the teaching ~cholars on Its facu~ty, I~ IS mak- body to make religious educa- mg ~emarkab~e strIdes m schol- Pioneering in the Congo tion worthy and effective, and arshlp and sc!ence. . . Perhaps no type of mission- that every subject in the school In. connecbon Wlt~ t~e Ulllary service makes a greater ap- curriculum should be made a verslty, a great sClenbfic repeal to the imagination than pioneering. Rev. Malcolm Guthrie medium for the teaching of re- search activity is being deof the English Baptist Society writes an account for The Life ligion. veloped. This includes special of Faith of a pioneer trip in the de~artmen~s of ~rchreology, edu- Belgian Congo, when he covered Grave concern was expressed ~abon, sOCI~1 SCIence and agrar- 315 miles in less than four at the growing evil .of gambling Ian economIcs, as well as a deweeks, walking or cycling. "In among children both native and part!llent of par~sitol?gy, wh~re the most distant villages," he European. Chu~ches were asked specIal rese.arch IS bemg carrIed says, "they had not only never to give definite teaching on the heard the Gospel-they had never even heard of people with subject, and the Government on concernmg leprosy and cana Gospel to preach. The only was urged to curb gambling by cer.-Hadassah News Letter. white men they ever see are the government doctor who comes all possible means, and to de- Challenge to the Christian twice a year, and the tax col- stroy the facilities for the evil. Church lector once a year." -World Dominion Press. Most people showed a real desire to understand the message. Laborer Starts a Church An Arab Christian leader in In the first village visited, two Palestine writes the following boys wanted to go back with Mr. A young Portuguese, with his Guthrie in order "to get wis- wife and family, has gone to Sao letter: dom"; others asked for an evan- Tome, Portuguese Africa, to gelist to come and live among strengthen a work that was What can one say about Palestine them, and there were discus- started by an indentured la- at present! It is a country torn to sions as to how his belongings pieces by strife, hatred, rioting and could be conveyed such a long borer who had been converted aggression. Materially as well as distance. At Bokwo, another to evangelical Christianity in morally the country is on the eve of village, the people ran away in Angola; and whose initiative a total collapse, and what is still fright, and during the two days' resulted in the formation of a more painful is the fact that the services nobody took any notice small group of Christians. They troubles of the country may be traced at all. Later, a solemn conclave had no Scriptures to instruct back to racial ambitions based on was held to determine whether them, but found some fragments religious tradition and history. Jews an evangelist should be allowed of a Bible in some waste paper. as well as Arabs hold fast to their to locate in the village, and they These they copied by hand and claims in this respect, while the Chriscame to the conclusion that if distributed. At first they were tian Church has not yet come forward Mr. Guthrie wished to send a persecuted, but later it was with proposals to reconcile matters on recognized that the evangelicals the basic principle of Christianity, were the best workers, and they In the meantime unemployment and were no longer molested. what it entails is growing rapidly, suffering, hunger, dissatisfaction with This young Portuguese work- life, etc. Yet missionary activities, er has been commended by all hospitals, orphanages, welfare centers the denominations in Portugal, continue their work, often under very and it is hoped that the work In strained conditions and financial dif- Sao Tome will be adequately ficulties, particularly those who de- supported. pend for their support on Middle Europe. But nobody sees how this -World Dominion Press. country's affairs may be settled, there is not one, ray of hope that matters will clear up in the near or distant future, and I think that all of us have failed in the paramount duty of pray- ing constantly for this holy land, as

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

God only can send peace and He will meeting. "I have written the the divine power of the Good undoubtedly do so in His time if we unite in prayers to Him. music for the Lord's Prayer," he News. said, and handed me a neatly -Near East Christian Council.

Iranian Christian Art written sheet of music. "Will INDIA AND BURMA you sing it for us· tonight?" I Recent relaxation of the Mos- asked. He agreed, and later on lem rule in Iran against displays impressed us all deeply by sing- Legislators Face Problems of Christian work has been fol- ing "Our Father which art in Indian legislators are finding lowed by the use of Christian Heaven" to Iranian music of his pictures in educational p r 0- own composition. Then he gave that their economic and social grams. An Iranian was asked to a splendid testimony, telling the problems are not capable of select from a catalogue of Perry others what God had done for speedy solution. Mr. Gandhi's pictures those best suited to his him. educational proposals are called people. Unerringly, he picked impractical; and obstacles cononly great masterpieces, and one Field Widens in Arabia result has been increased sales tinue to arise in regard to childof Christian literature. Dr. Paul W. Harrison outlines marriage laws. The usual dis- some reasons for encouragement turbances involving Hindus and Converted By a Dream in medical work in Arabia. One Moslems result in clashes here of these is the steadily improv- Rev. W. McE. Miller, Presby- ing equipment. Better build- and there. However, most obterian missionary of Teheran, servers agree that the experi- ment of self-government is working not too badly. Iran, tells the story of one of the ings, instruments andautomo- A halt has been called in the latest converts, a man about 30. biles all contribute to the doc- prospects of any large communal He came to a meeting for in- tor's efficiency, but more im- movement of the d e pre sse d quirers and introduced himself portant than buildings and in- classes. Dr. Ambedkar is out at the close. He had been seek- struments, better trained men for guarantees that if any gen- ing the truth for five or six are now available, and with eral movement should take place, years, but had not found it. better training come increased assurances must be forthcoming Finally, one of his friends sug- resources of medicine itself; for that the political rights and sogested that he read the New anemia, they now have some- cial and economic well-being of Testament. He came to the gate thing better than powdered his community shall be conof our Mission where there is a shingle nails. served.

small bookshop and bought the As the friendlines:s of the peo- The general attitude of these book, and was profoundly in- ple grows, the field for medical classes is favorable to the recepfluenced by Christ's teaching. A work widens. Some have come tion of Christianity wherever year passed, and he did not be- to suspect that dirt is as much missions are in effective touch come a Christian. Finally, he to blame as the evil eye in mak- with them, and this work prohad a dream. He saw a great ing babies sick, and some of the ceeds in proportion to the abilmultitude, dressed in various most picturesque smells in the ity of missions to buy up the costumes, following a float on Near East are about to pass opportunity. The various "mass which a majestic Person was en- away. With all this have come movements" are proceeding· throned. A voice said to him, enlarged opportunities, and it is apace. The movement in the "Follow the teaching which is the day of beginnings for the Bhil area of Central India is exruling the world today!" He Christian Church. ceedingly promising, and if the tried to go nearer, but the crowd There are regular preaching missions were in a better posi- services where men and women prevented him. After ten days hear the good news about tion to follow up what is an unthe dream was repeated, and the Christ. Some of these are held doubted desire on the part of voice said, "Why do you hold in the Hospital compound, and these people to become Chrisback? Follow this teaching!" some of them in the little houses tians, there is almost no limit to the degree in which these This time he found himself quite near the glorious Person. He of the hospital helpers. There 2,000,000 people could be rerealized it was Christ, and he are social evenings where Chris- ceived into the Christian Church. determined to become a Chris- tian men and women learn how The five – year evangelistic tian, so on the advice of his Christ wants them to associate movement continues to occupy friend he had come to church, with one another. These are the attention of the churches, and the sermon had made a deep church affairs. The outside with notable results in many impression. We suggested that world is not invited. They are places. Conferences of farhe yield himself to Christ at hilarious and useful. The sum reaching importance are being once, and he said he was ready, total of all this is that the held in preparation for the so we prayed together, put his Church is emerging, and slowly Madras World Missionary Conhand into the hand of Christ, taking shape and growing, not ference, and there is a new spirit and he arose with a new light in because of any exhibition of hu- of optimism growing up in many his face. Next week he was the man skill or efficiency or wis- quarters. -World Dominion Press. first to arrive at the inquirers' dom, bp.t simply as a result of

Fighting Fear and demonstrated at a meeting of could be done for them, are now Superstition the Kolapur Church Council at being treated successfully. The C. M. S. Schools in Srinagar Sangli, when the eight or ten addition of this deep X-ray is are teaching their pupils to live up to their motto: "In all things missionaries present marvelled probably the hospital's greatest be men." Superstition and the at the progress made by Indian milestone in years, while for the fear of doing what "is not done," are twin evils in Kashmir. The Christian women in the past first time in its forty-five years' fear of public opinion is very strong, but the following inci- fifteen years since their first history an ambulance makes dent shows how this fear is being overcome. Those who lived participation in this organiza- possible more village work. The near the lake at Srinagar considered it useless to learn to tion. It was not just an occa- office has been made into a censwim because the "djinns" in the water would pull them down. sion to get together and talk; a tral unit, a cash register in- To disprove the theory, a yearly swim across the lake was organ- great deal of constructive activ- stalled to simplify routine work ized. Howe v e r, the "djinn" ity was reported. One village and a central storeroom makes woman reported apologetically. for greater efficiency and econ- for her group: '~'- omy. Plans are under way for I am only a country woman and I a second operating room and a library. can't read, but I'll tell about our so- -Western India Notes. ciety. We live in the country and Cholera Outbreak there is no one to help us or show us how we ought to do things. We don't even know how to pray proper- worshipers were not satisfied. ly, as we've never had a real opportu- In the recent outbreak of "It is true you have conquered nity to learn anything much, but we cholera in the United Provinces, the day-water 'djinns,'" they met regularly anyhow and did the 15,000 cases, out of 30,000, are best we knew. reported to have died. Fortysaid, "but how about those who four out of forty-eight districts inhabit the water at night?" The Here is a list of activities, are affeded. According to the challenge was accepted, and taken at random from reports Associated Press, entire villages thirteen boys swam safely across read: the lake at midnight. have been wiped out. Giving information regarding tem- The first crew of boys to pad- perance and missionary work of other India is one of the world's dle a boat through the city, lands. greatest cholera danger spots, about thirty years ago, hid them- Supporting Christian p rim a r y with more than 400,000 cases selves under b I a n k e t s, so schools for non-Christian children. every year. The ignorance and ashamed were they as sons of the educated to be seen engaged Helping support widows and or- superstition of the common in manual work. In various phans by sewing and other activities. ways the school is modifying people hinder the efforts of the the social customs of Kashmir. Conducting a nursery school in a officials to cope with the disease. For example, the rule that boys needy neighborhood. Native custom requires that under 18 who marry must pay double fees to enter the school Doing voluntary evangelistic work, bodies of cholera victims be is an effective method of reduc- usually in villages. thrown into streams, instead of ing the number of early mar- being buried or burned, and any riages. More than fifty widowed Conducting Sunday schools. attempt on the part of the govgirls have remarried in the past Supervising primary schools. ten years-another old custom Selling Christian literature (one ernment to prevent this is met dethroned. There is a new atti- enterprising woman sold over 100 tude toward the suffering of ani- Christian booklets to delegates in one with opposition. However, the mals; many boys are entering day). government is making every ef- Teaching illiterates to read. Teaching sewing, crocheting, knit- fort to deal with the problem on ting, etc. a large scale by using mass in- Helping small village societies to oculation and disinfection of conduct their meetings. dwellings as rapidly as possible. Cleaning the church, each woman voluntarily taking a turn.

-Western India Notes.

the veterinary profession. Bet- Bright Spots at Miraj Converts Walk 100 Miles ter still, more consideration is being shown the sick and afflict- Miraj Hospital is known all It is news when we hear of ed. There is a marked spiritual Christians so anxious to attend influence in the school, where over the world as one of the few a Christian service they will 1,400 boys and 280 girls are be- self-supporting mission instituing prepared for life. tions, and is unique in its being walk one hundred miles in order the only hospital to support a to be present. A group of eleven -The Christian. medical school. It is especially men in the Telugu area agreed Women to the Fore known for its surgery, a repu- they would walk the fifty miles tation which the late Sir Wil- there and fifty back to attend Daily papers in India indicate liam Wanless and Charles E. the conference in Hindpur. Then how rapidly women are coming Vail established. Notable acqui- they decided to make an evanto the front in politics, education sitions of the past year were the gelistic campaign of it so and social service, while their deep X-ray and the ambulance. preached in the villages en progress in the field of Christian Patients suffering from deep- route, and in order that they religion is becoming more and seated cancer, who were turned might reach as many villages as more noteworthy. This was away formerly because nothing possible with their witness, they

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

decided to return by a different Evangelism Among Bunnans result will be is not yet foreseen. route. Not only did they walk Educators find themselves in an 100 miles but it cost them at A writer in the National impossible situation. On the lease nine days' wages for the Christian Council Review asserts one hand, they face the humiliprivilege of attending the s e that Burma is today as strongly ating demands of the arrogant meetings. The leader of the Buddhist as it has ever been; invading army. On the other, group, who is a cripple, told and if the non-Burman Christian they must reckon with the risfriends how God had supplied community were removed, the ing tide of Chinese patriotism all their needs and kept them Church would number not more which suspects every attempt at from harm along the way, his than 15,000. Some have main- accommodation with the conface fairly beaming as he told it. tained that the time has come to querors as incipient treason. abandon work in Burma· and Sooner or later, the missions -Darkness and Light. concentrate upon more respon- will find it impossible to main- sive peoples, such as the Karens tain even a semblance of neu- Santal Christian Council and Chins, and thus form a ring trality under such conditions. of Christian people around the For the mission colleges in the An unusual feature of the land, trusting that the evangel- Peiping area, that time has evi- Santal Christian Council held ization of Burma will ensue. dently arrived. last February was that all the sessions, both devotional and The Burman cannot be said -Christian Century. business, were held in the Santal to be antagonistic to Christianlanguage. There were 14 Euro- ity. The message does not Farm Cooperatives for pean and American, and about arouse opposition. The Burman Refugees 40 Santal representatives pres- is influenced by public opinion ent. An entire session was which regards Christianity in a Plans are being developed to given to a discussion of the Sad- political rather than in a reli- form cooperative communities hu Movement. Sad h u s are gious light. The Burman Bud- of farmer refugees. It is estiknown as "clean people," and dhist attitude toward Burmese mated that between fifteen and they urge the Santal to give up Christians is that they have cut twenty million Chinese have eating unclean things, chickens, themselves off from the life of been driven off their lands in pigs., goats and sheep being their country by associating the devastated war zone, and classed as such. They urge the with the foreign cult. Preach- only heroic efforts by the Inter- Santals to worship the sun. The ing and routine work will not national Red Cross and similar fact that they respond to this bring the Burman into the agencies can save most of them teaching is proof of a heart Christian Church. He will from starvation before the end hunger which makes it all the change his religion only if he of next winter. Something more more imperative that they be cannot get away from the fact is needed than merely to feed given a chance to hear the that the new religion is better and clothe these helpless hordes, Christian message. than the old in the quality of and this something is now be- character it produces. ing sought by setting up in Two other subjects. discussed sparsely settled parts of China, were rural education and evan- CHINA AND TIBET far removed from the battle gelism. The following points lines where the likelihood of inwere indicated as essential: Japanese Orders Defied vasion is sma II, cooperative farming settlements. The money Training in handwork as well as Three Christian universities required to start these is coming academic subjects. in Peiping have risked their fu- in part from the Chinese gov- ture existence by refusing to ernment and in part from Chi- The use of materials easily avail- comply with orders to partici- nese banks. able in the district in which the school pate in celebrations of the Japis located, such as date palm leaves, anese occupation. The schools This establishment of farm jute and bamboo. involved are the Protestant cooperatives may have a far- Yenching University, the Ameri- reaching and permanent social Opportunities for gardening and can Catholic Fujen University importance in China. Perhaps the study of methods of improving and the French Catholic Peiping this may be one of the ways in agricultural work. University. The presidents of which an unexpected good may all three were ordered to hoist come out of the present evil of A cottage plan of hostel especially the flag of the puppet provision- war. for girls, and training in domestic al government, to make speeches science and the care of children. against Chiang Kai-shek's gov- Emergency Fund for Colleges ernment, to call on Japanese Opportunities for self-government army officers and tender official Nearly 4,500 individuals and in the hostel; responsibilities in the "thanks" for the Japanese in- organizations in the United Church and of service in· the village. vasion, and to send telegrams to States have united to raise an Chinese abroad denouncing Chi- emergency fund of $300,000 to The need for a positive faith, ang Kai-shek as "the arch crim- ensure the continuance of the 13 backed up by the testimony of a inal of eastern Asia." What the American – supported women's Christian life, was emphasized, as was also the need for a program of adult education among rural Santals.

-N a t ion a l Christian Council Review.

and coeducational colleges in Shantung Christian University, dhist theories in the form of a China, as the consummation of a seven months' campaign. The and the Central Government "Wheel of Life." The six reproject was undertaken by the National Emergency Committee University at Nanking have all gions of rebirth are painted on for Christian Colleges in China. moved to Chengtu. Dean S. N. a scroll which ranges from two This Christian educational work was begun by Americans Cheer, noted Chinese medical feet to several feet square, and as early as 1864. Some of the thirteen institutions have been educator and graduate of Har- which can readily be rolled and forced to leave their buildings temporarily; others have been vard, who has been in charge of unrolled. It occurred to misbombed, and are now in dugouts on the campus, but all of them the government medical school sionaries in Tibet that a Chrishave managed to maintain some, or all of their programs through- at Nanking, has been placed in tian Tibetan scroll on the lines out the past year. The total annual budget of the 13 colleges is charge of outpatient and inpa- of those used in the country normally about $1,600,000, of which a little more than $1,000,- tient clinical instruction at would be a novel and effective 000 comes from western sources and the remainder from Chi- Chengtu, thus centering almost way of presenting the Christian nese resources. Prevailing war conditions have reduced radical- all Chinese medical education in ". message. Services of Mr. John ly their income from Chinese sources, necessitating this spe- this one institution. ""Carey were secured, and he has cial fund of $300,000 both to replace losses of normal income -Christian Advocate. made some very beautiful paintand to meet heavy emergency expenditures. ings showing the life of Christ Another Rockefeller Gift Evangelizing Tibet and some of the parables. A lo- cal touch is given by depicting The Rockefeller Foundation Mass movements are not like- the learned men questioning J ehas made a grant of $35,000 for ly to occur in Tibet where travel sus in the temple as dressed like new buildings and modern is difficult and villages are sep- the lamas of Tibet. equipment at the University arated by mountainous districts. Hos.pital of West China Union Furthermore, the people are The scrolls, six of them, are University, Chengtu, Szechwan like the soil on which they live each sewn on to material of yel- Province. In addition to this -arid and stony. Statistically, low, blue and red, the colors gift, the University has received there is not much to show for used by the lamas. Each scroll $50,000 fro m an American the effort put forth to spread is carried in a sheath made of Methodist and $175,000 from tin with loops so that a string or sources in China. With its new the knowledge of Christ; yet leather strap can be attached equipment the University Hos- there is no doubt that the evan- when the evangelist goes on pital will have 275 beds and gelists who live among the peo- tour. -Moravian Missions. educational facilities for 150 ple and show the Christian medical students in nor mal times. In the present war emer- example are exerting a strong MISCELLANEOUS gency it has 325 medical stu- influence. An experiment is bedents from all parts of China. ing tried by opening a Gospel World Outlook for West China Union University, Inn for pilgrims and travelers Christianity "isolated" in the recesses of West China and far from the to and from Central Asia. The The World Alliance of Rewar area, is now the acknowl- object of this venture is to pro- formed Churches appraised the edged educational center of the vide lodging for these people, outlook for evangelical Chrisnation. It is a missionary in- and to tell them the Good News, tianity, and finds that in some stitution in which American besides distributing the Scrip- countries it is improving, in Methodists and Baptists, the tures to them on their depar- others declining. Adverse con- United Church of Canada, the ture. It is hoped later on to ditions affect the evangelical Friends of Great Britain, and keep an evangelist permanently churches in Italy, Germany, the Church of England combine posted in the Gospel Inn, and Ethiopia, Egypt, Chosen, Forto maintain. Faculties and stu- improve its usefulness as an mosa, Manchukuo, Russia, Spain dents of the University of Nan- evangelistic agency as circum- and Belgium. Protestantism, king, the School of Medicine of stances permit. however, is either growing or holding its own in Scandinavia, Another is the industrial proj- Holland, Switzerland, France, ect, intended to help indigent Czechoslovakia, Poland, Ruma- Christians to tide over a period nia, Greece, Hungary, India and of financial hardship, but the Africa. Finding a "marked re- isolation gives ve r y limited vival of Calvanism in the scope for such an enterprise. It Ref 0 r m e d and Presbyterian is encouraging that the little churches of Europe," the report attributes this in part to "the group of Christians in a village influence of the writings of Karl called oSheh are planning to build Barth." There is no doubt that a small church, independent of the attack of neo-paganism on any help from the Mission. -Baptist Missionary Review.

Christian Tibetan Scroll the Christian Church is driving evangelical church bodies in Eu- The traveler in Tibet frequent- rope back to the Biblical and ly meets in villages a pictorial spiritual fundamentals of their representation of current Bud- faith.-Watchman-Examiner.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

By-Product of Missions baptized converts among the year over 1936," the report states. Married women com- Missionary activity is not heathen and Moslems in the prised' 73 per cent and single limited to the field of religion, same period was 2,000,000, or women 17 per cent of this total, but flows over into other realms, one to every 525 of the heathen widows and divorcees making up and one important by-product and Moslem population. The the remainder. Their average is the contribution which mis- same degree of success among age was 41.5 years, the youngest sionaries have made to science, heathen and Moslems as among being 25 and the' oldest 65. Last especially in such fields as phi- Jews would have shown 7,000,- year's total is 115 per cent lology, geography, anthropology 000 converts, instead of 2,000,- greater than that of 1933, and and the study of ethnic religions. 000. Three times as many Jewish 159.5 per cent above the average Their contributions have often converts enter the Gospel min- yearly total number of women been of eminent importance, be- istry as of converts from among patients during the period from cause they have usually grown the heathen. A careful com- 1916 through 1936. out of a long personal contact parison of facts shows that no with the subject treated and mission field of modern times Turtle Eggs-Novel bear the stamp of a thorough has been so fruitful as the J ewand minute acquaintance, in viv- ish. Contribution id contrast with so many weak, theorizing productions of the se- The Great Delusion Dr. Albert W. Beaven, who cluded study rooms of univer- has made a recent visit to Bapsities. The New York Sun reports tist Missions in the Far East, these facts for those to ponder says that one of the queerest in- Progressive Ministry to Lepers who have thought that the li- cidents of the trip was one censing of strong drink would man's contribution of 4,000 tur- A summary of the past year's help America financially and tle eggs as his offering toward work of the Mission to Lepers otherwise: the Burma Baptist Convention. evidences an increasing scope of Some churches responded by this Christ-like ministry. Here In three years the Federal sending bags of rice, some a are some of the advances: in- government was defrauded of whole ox, while another church creased accommodations and $1,800,000 in alcohol taxes, and sent 2,000 ducks for entertain- New York State of $900,000. Five illicit stills were discovered, larger numbers in its institu- with capacities ranging from ing the 4,300 delegates. But one tions; a steadily increasing num- 200 to 500 gallons. More than man who specialized in turtle ber of out-patients; more service 500,000 gallons of alcohol were eggs sent 4,000 of them. These, for healthy children of lepers. distributed annually by the ring. being very perishable, had to be This work is developing rapidly Whiskey dispensed consisted of kept in wet sand in the basein India, especially. In China the a blend of alcohol, water, some ment of the church, and because need for such work is becoming coloring matter and a portion of of heat and humidity had to be more and more apparent, and in so-called "cooked whiskey." In turned over every ten hours to the widely affected areas of Af- this way 500,000 gallons of al- keep them from germinating. rica it is now realized how much cohol were converted into 1,000,- The entire time of two people can be done in this direction. 000 gallons of bad whiskey. It was required just to turn turtle The Children's Hospital Home was used chiefly by bars and res- eggs. in Uganda is an outstanding taurants to refill empty bottles Much has been written about example. Transcending all this that bore advertised brands and the missionary giving of the alleviation, is the spiritual com- labels of popular liquors. Karens, their self-supporting fort that is being brought to the Here was a triple delusion. churches and their evangelistic sufferers. This phase of the The government was cheated out work. Dr. Beaven was amazed work is proven of value in pro- of tax revenue. The legalized to find, instead of the bamboo, moting physical recovery. liquor industry suffered from thatch-c 0 v ere d shed for a -Life of Faith. illegal competition. The drink- church, a magnificent concrete ers were deceived into thinking and b ric k structure, seating Some Facts About Jews the bottles handed them by bar- from twelve to fifteen hundred According to the J ewish Year tenders contained what the la- people and with a pipe organ that probably cost about $15,000, Book the number of Jews bels said. throughout the world is over The K eel e y Institute at all paid for by the Karens 16,000,000. In the nineteenth Dwight, Illinois, reports that themselves. The seven or eight century 72,000 Jews accepted more women alcoholics took the other buildings, including high Protestant baptism, not to men- Keeley cure in 1937 than in any schools and dormitories, were tion the 132,000 baptized into previous year since 1915, and built 'and paid for by Karen the Greek and Roman Catholic the total number of patients of money. This in the face of the Churches. This is one Protes-' both sexes last year was the fact t hat the average Karen worker's income is from eighttant convert to every 156 of the largest since 1907. Jewish population at the end of "Women patients at the insti- een to twenty-five cents a day.

that century. The number of tute'increased 57.6 per cent last -Watchman-Examiner.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information A History of the Expansion of Chris- jacket Df this vDlume which ….ance and especially what they tianity. (Vol. II.) The Thousand bears the symbDls Df falling pil- called the HDly Spirit-by their Years of Uncertainty-A. D. 500 to lars Df Crusader and MDslem very nature led to' variety and A. D. 1500. By Kenneth Scott La- tourette. Maps, Chronological Table warriDr; but the CrDss sur- to' extensive prDliferatiDn." This and Index. pp. 492. $3.00. Harper & Brothers, New York. mDunts the crescent and there is in line with the prDfessed in- are stars in the night-sky. One tentiDn Df the writer to' be "his- The first vDlume O'f this unsurpassed histO'ry Df the ex- reads these chapters with kin- tDrical and whDlly Dbjective" in pansiDn O'f Christianity was dling faith; thDugh God may his treatment Df the subject; reviewed at sO'me length (see December REVIEW, page 573). hide Himself, yet His truth and but his statement dDes nDt satisfy The purpDse and SCDpe Df the great wO'rk remain the same and right will win the day at last. Christians. every page bears the marks Df schDlarship and wide research. The treatment of sO' large a . Elsewhere the authDr ex- PrDfessor LatDurette has a clear theme is topical rather than presses his cDnvictiDn that Dnly style and does not waste wDrds. chrDnological. In the Introduc- thel"impDnderable"JDrces (sure- He Dmits nO'thing essential Dr tion we read: germane to' his theme and gives ly he means the HDly Spirit) "gDDd measure, pressed down, shaken tDgether and running First we will describe the conver- kept the Church alive and alight Dver" with very valuable fDO't- sion of those peoples who came into in medieval darkness. In dealnDtes. ing with the witness Df the the faith through Roman Catholicism, The title Df ProfessDr Latour- next of those who derived their faith martyrs and the patience Df the ette's book is arresting. The from Greek Christianity, and then re- saints during these dark days millenium Df racial migratiDns, count the territorial progress of the we IDng fDr a flash Df light and barbarian invasiDns and Islamic Nestorians and of the Syrian and fire. Even the stDry Df RaycDnquests seemed to be highly Coptic J acobites. Then chronologicalunfavDrable to' the spread Df ly we will double back on our tracks mund Lull is tDld in a rather Christianity. The hearts of the and tell of the spread of Islam and of lukewarm fashiDn, althDugh the faithful were perplexed. "At the the reverses which it brought to facts are faithfully chrDnicled. clDse Df the fifth century, Chris- But as Dne reads page after page tianity had becDme master Df Christianity. Next we will narrate the of the stDry Df the spread Df RDthe Mediterranean wDrld, which efforts of Christians to regain the was still, in spite Df its decay, ground lost to Islam and to carry man CathDlic Christianity in the majDr cultural centre Df their faith beyond the eastern bounds Spain, Gaul and NDrthern Eumankind. Within the next three of Islam into the lands of the Far rDpe, Df the missiDnary wDrk Df centuries it had IDSt abDut half East. Finally we will note the fresh this area and in the pDrtiDn outbursts of Moslem peoples which in the NestDrians in Ambia, Cenwhich still prDfessed the faith the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries tral Asia, China and India, Dne the level of civilizatiDn had dis- wiped Christianity from the map in is cDnfirmed in the cDnfessiDn: tinctly fallen." much of Asia and threatened it in "I believe in the HDly CathDlic Southeastern Europe. Following this The story Df these thDusand account of the varyin~ fortunes in the Church." years is black with tragedy, but expansion of the faith we will adnDt withDut rays Df hope. dress ourselves to the questions of the This secDnd vDlume Df PrD- effect of Christianity upon its en- Thrice blest is he to whom is given vironment and of the effect of the fessDr LatDurette's magnum The instinct that can tell environment upon Christianity. opus is a specific against all the That God is on the field when He Is most invisible. And the marvel is that such parDchialism and prDvincialism wealth Df material, such a sweep The entire hymn by F. W. Fa- across Europe and Central Asia, Df thDse whO' sDmetimes seem to' ber might have been put on the such a crDwding Df a thDusand years intO' Dne day, in Dne bDDk, think that Church history be- does nDt apparently Dver-tax the writer nor weary the reader. It gan with the RefDrmatiDn Dr is a great achievement. One sentence in the IntrDduction we with the DisruptiDn in SCDt- regret, where the author speaks Df the FDunder Df Christianity: land! Our LDrd Jesus Christ "The experiences which came to' His disciples after the crucifix- was head Df His church all iDn – the resurrectiDn appear- thrDugh all these thDusand dark years and made even the wrath Df men to' praise Him. He was cDntinually working Dut his eternal purpDse Df IDve in the midst Df human failure and un- certainty. S. M. ZWEMER.

[446 ] S. J. W. Clark. A Vision of Foreign presented here, are his lack of Forward Through the Ages. By Jesse emphasis on the importance of R. WHson. 139 pp. $1.00. The Missions. By Roland Allen. 12mo. prayer, his failure to state the 170 pp. 28. 6d. World Dominion Judson Press, Philadelphia. 1938. Press. 1938. This small but important book This unusual story of a Chris- necessity of the spiritual new contains a readable summary of tian business man should be read birth and the spiritual qualifica- "missions and missionaries of by every missionary and every tions for missionaries; there is yesterday and today." Mr. Wilexecutive of missions. In seven also no clear statement as to our son has written out of rich exjourneys, (from 1905 to 1924) dependence on the Holy Spirit in perience, first as a missionary in Japan, then as general secretary Mr. Clark looked into foreign the calling and preparation of of the Student Volunteer Movemission work as a pioneer "fact missionaries and in the actual ment; since 1936 he has been finder." He formed his own work that is being done on each western field secretary of the opinions as to the results of the field and in the offices at home. American Baptist Foreign Miswork and the way in which mis- Mr. Clark had positive convic- sions Society. It is an excellent sions should be conducted effi- tions and courage; he stood for book to put into the hands of ciently to be in accord with the new and better methods, rather young people and members of teachings of Christ and the ex- than for more life and better missionary societies. Even those ample of the early Apostles. As personnel; for finer mechanics who are well read in missionary a result, he severely but con- rather than for greater dynamic: literature will like its admirably structively criticized the work of clear and sympathetic survey mission boards to their face. He Der Arbeitslohn in China. By Prof. and evaluation of foreign miswas convinced that too much at- Dr. Paul Arndt, Dr. Djini-Schen sions, past and present. tention has been given to "dig- and Dr. Chii-Fen-Lo. Hans Buske. ging in" on the mission field, and Verlag. Leipzig. A. J. B. too little to surveying the fields in order to understand the need .Every missionary to China Who Is the Holy Spirit? By Henry and to evangelize the vast un- ~Ill find profit from reading this W. Flrost. 12mo. 124 pages. occupied areas. He believed that $1.25. Fleming H. Revell Co., New the Gospel of Christ must be mformabve boo k, evidently York. 1938. widely scattered as "living written after much knroeswelaerdcgh~ Many Christians are like the Seed," that the Bible must be and fro m first-hand disciples at Ephesus in that they of the field.

given to all mankind as the Word The 3,000 years of feudalism have scarcely "heard whether of God. He advocated the use of in China duplicated many condi- there is any Holy Spirit." Much "simplified script." Mr. Clark tions found in the world today, less do they understand His naheld that native leaders must be and suggests the way to organic ture, offices and relation to trained and indigenous churches cooperation among various eco- themselves. It is one of the most should be established and taught nomic groups. The study of important subjects in Christian to be self-supporting from the wages is fruitful for the scholar theology and life. Huge volumes start; and that these Christian the agriculturist, the mechanic: have been written in attempts churches must be the real agen- the tradesman and other work- to interpret the Scripture teachcies for the evangelization of ers, but not to the militarist ings. Here is a simple, clear their own people. What he stood whose life is built on the phi- and practical study that takes tip for deserves the attention of mis- losophy of force. briefly the Spirit's personality, sionary executives today. When This book traces the primal offices, baptism, filling, em- Mr. Clark died a few years ago social cell of China to ancestral powering and other subtopics. he left his fortune to make pos- relations, and then through prop- It is wholly Biblical with a few sible the world surveys of the erty holding, bartering and the -too few-facts of Church his- W 0 rId Dominion Movement. problems of industrial difficul- tory and personal experience to Mr. Clark's main principles in- ties. In an estimated population show how the Holy Spirit has cluded: (1) an organized, well- of 474,820,000 there are about been carrying out the predicconsidered plan for the evan- 78,568,245 families, of which , tions of the New Testament. Dr. gelization of the whole world; 80 % are active in agriculture. Frost 'has rendered a real serv- (2) cooperation and coordina- ice, especially to pastors and tion among all evangelical Chris- The economic facts help the young Christians, in giving us tian forces; (3) special empha- missionary to gauge not only the this illuminating and undersis on evangelization, rather condition of the people but the standable presentation of what than on institutional work; (4) possible support that may be ex- is to many a difficult or negan unpaid native ministry and a pected for the Church and its in- lected-but very vital-subject. stitutions. While there is no self-supporting native church from the beginning; and the de- direct reference to the Christian Following in His Train. By Mrs. J. missionary enterprise, every- W. Cox. 8 vo. 217 pp. 60 cents. velopment of truly indigenous thing in the book bears some re- Boardman Press, Nashville, Tenn. churches, independent of foreign lation to missions and to all life 1938. control. as related to sound economic Mrs. Cox, the wife of a deacon The essential elements that we principles. in the First Baptist church in miss in Mr. Clark's program, as JOHN M. G. DARMS. Memphis, Tenn., was for a time

President of the Woman's Mis- by friends and critics, by evan- would not accept her as a mis- sionary Union. Her chronicle gelists and by men of little faith sionary until she was twenty- of the women's missionary work in the things for which D. L. five, so she filled the intervening of the Southern Baptist Conven- Moody stood committed. These time with the study of medicine, tion is filled too much with seek to set forth the man, his and sailed for Africa in 1919.

names and dates to be popular message, his achievements and Her life was crowded with rich in style, but it gives evidences the secret of his power. All see experiences and achievements, of devoted service and real in him a great man who wielded interestingly recorded in this achievement. a vast influence and left a last- biography. Miss Veenstra died ing impression, but all are inade- in 1933, but the work goes on Dannie and the Alabaster Box. By quate. with signs of blessing.

Constance Savery. 12 mo. 62 Mr. Wilson, a Christian jour- H. H. F. pages. 9d. Pickering & Inglis, Glasgow. nalist, who never knew Mr. ""l'he Presbyterians: The Story of a Moody but has seen the results Stanch and Sturdy People. By An active, mischief-loving boy, through the dramatic, vivid of his work and sympathizes William Thompson Hanzsche. 194 stories of a former missionary, pp. $1.25. The Westminister with his faith and purpose, ha~ Press, Philadelphia. 1938. here tried to interpret the becomes enthusiastic in the "Meaning of Moody." He suc- Ministers, members of Prescause. When Dannie was kept ceeds in giving us many interat home by illness and could not esting glimpses of the man and byterian churches and other stu- attend the big Missionary Ex- some idea of the secret of his dents of religion will doubtless hibition, "Uncle Arthur" made power, but they are only frag- agree with Professor Gaius up for his disappointment by mentary glimpses and ideas. Jackson Slosser of Western telling him thrilling stories of Most of the biographical ma- Theological Seminary, that this Red Tiger, the converted robber terial given here deals with Mr. "is a distinct contribution to of India. He suggested ways Moody's early years, before he historical literature." In brief by which even a small boy could gave all his time to evangelistic compass it gives the main facts earn money to help send the work-in other words to the first regarding the founding and de- Gospel to people whose religious half of his life. velopment of Presbyterianism in beliefs often caused them to Mr. Wilson clearly points out treat even little children cruelly. that D. L. Moody's one aim was the United States, with some ac- count of home missions, but A treasured "Alabaster Box," only a short reference to the brought from India by Uncle Arthur, was chosen by enthusi- to exalt Christ and to win men extensive foreign missionary astic Dannie to hold their gifts to Him – not to himself. He w 0 r k 0 f the Presbyterian says: "I am one who doubts that Moody will ever pass out of the Church. The author, who is a and Dannie enlists his sister, pastor in Trenton, N. J., and a Charlotte, and many 0 the r friends in the good work. His picture. I doubt it because former edito,r of The Presbyenthusiasm, coupled with his Moody was never in any picture terian Magazine, has written in love of mischief, gets him into some pretty serious situations, that did not include the Cross of a fine irenic spirit, declaring and invites frequent correction. Christ. It is not Moody's par- The children are so bluntly that, while "we need to hold to truthful, that they often cause ticular job that explains his great amusement. meaning. It is the fact that he our standards in a world which became big enough for whatever job might be ahead of him. 'God apparently has no standards at is able,' he would say. Love will all, we need to be sympathetic find a way; and this means that to the viewpoint of other Chris- tians." A. J. B.

The small boy seems almost a man filled with the love of God Youth in the Toils. By L. V. Hartoo well informed, and too well becomes the capable man that rison and P. McN. Grant. 167 pp. acquainted with books, for a the world needs." $1.50. Macmillan, New York. 1938. child of seven but the story is bright, interesting and dramatic. Johanna of Nigeria. By Henry Beets. This study has two objectives: 8vo. 228 pp. Grand Rapids Print- to state a very real social proband should help any child or ing Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 1937. lem of every large city, and to a d u I t to become missionary stir public sentiment to the point This is the life story of a of dealing with it. Mr. Harrison Ir.inded. L. W. P. Dutch Mary Slessor. Johanna is an outstanding criminologist The Meaning of Moody. By P. Whit- Veenstra was born in Paterson, and Mr. Grant has devoted his well Wilson. Illustrated. 12mo. N. J., of sturdy Dutch parent- life to boy probleIru3. The book 151 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell age and at the age of sixteen includes actual stories of delin- Co., New York. 1938. worked in the Gospel Mission quent boys, some told in their One of the evidences of the conducted by Peter Starn. One own language, showing what greatness of D. L. Moody is the day at a Training Institute she made them delinquent. These fact that no biographer, and no heard Dr. Karl Kumm explain "case studies" indicate how difnumber of biographers do justice his idea of a chain of. Christian ferent handling might have to his life and work or fully por- missions across Africa asa bul- made good citizens, in place of tray him. We have "Lives" by wark to stem the tide of Islam. criminals. It is a timely book his two sons and his son-in-law, The Sudan United Mis s ion for this present day. H. H. F.

Book. Chiang Kai-Shek: Soldier and States- Foreign Missions Conference

man. Hollington K. Tong. 2 vola. North America. Report of Forty- 322 and 359 pp. Each vol. 158. fifth Annual Meetin(r. 188. pp. Missionary Arrives in Brazil A. T. Hum & Blackett, London. $1.35. Foreign MiSSIOns CoBler- Bentley Duncan. Svo. 192 pp. ence, New York. 28. 8d. Pickering & Inglis, London. Strong Man of China: Storr of Chiang Kai-Shek. 288 pp. ,3.00. W orId's Need of Religion, The. Pr0- New Testament, The. John Wesley's Houghton Mimin, New York. ceedings of World Congresa of Translation. Introduction by George Faiths, Oxford, 1937. 189 pp. 68. C. Cell 891 ])p. John C. Winston Christian Missions in Mid-India. J. Nicholson & Watson, London. Co., Phi1adelplUa. W. Pickett. 111 pp. 12aB. Jub- bulpore Mission Press. Educational Missions at Work. Ed- Forward Through the Ages. Jesse R. ited by H. P. Thompson. DIu. 128 Wilson. 189 pp~ $1.00. Judson Niger Ibos. G. T. Basden. Map. Il- pp. lB. 6d. S. P. G., London. Press, Philadelphia. Ius. 448 pp. 2lB. Seeley, Service, London. Buddhist Sects of Japan. E. Steinil- E,!aqelize or Fossilize. Herbert her-Oberlin and Kuni Matsuo. Lockyer. 92 pp. Bible Institute, Gambia: Country, People and Translated from the French. 308 Chicago. Church. John Laughton. DIus. 38 pp. 108.6d. Allen & Unwin, Lon- Seeing London With My Young pp. 6et. S. P. G., London. don. Friend&. C. A. Puncker. 144 pp. Drama of Madagascar, The. Sonia F. 28. Pickeding & Inglis, London. Howe. 359 pp. 158. Methuen, Christianity Explained to Muslims. L. Bevan Jones. 225 ])3). Rs 8. Roman Catholicism and F.reedom. London. Y. M. C. A. Publishing House, Cal- Cecil J. Cadoux. 207 pp. 58. In- cutta. dependent Press, London. Interpretative Statistical Survey of the World Mission of Christianity. An Open Letter to J ewa and Chris- Church Can Save the World, The. Edited by Joseph I. Parker. 331 tians. John Cournos. 188 pp. Samuel M. Shoemaker. 162 pp. pp. $5.00. International Mssion- $2.00. Oxford University Press, $1.60. Harper Bros., New York. ary Council, New York. New York.

Century of Mission Work in Basuto- Directory of World MiNions. Ed- Some ASl!ects of Religious Liberty land. V. Ellenbe}"ger. 882 pp. ited by Joeeph I. Parker. 382 pp. of Nationals in the Near East. Sesuto Book Dept., Morija, Basuto- $2.00. International Miseionary Compiled by Helen C. M. Davis. 182 land. – Council, New York. pp. ,3.00. Harper Bros., New York.

Children of the Rising Sun. Willard Sir, We Would See Jesus. D. T. Church and the Tribulation, The. Price. 816_ 3)p. $3.00. Reynal & Niles. 128 pp. 28. Student Chris- C. F. Hogg and W. E. Vine. 68 pp. Hitchcock, New York. tian Movement, London. 6d. Pickering & Inglis, London.

Send in Your Order Now for The October-Special India-Number of THE MISSIONARY ~'VlRID Some Leading Articles by Leading Authors with Maps, Chart., Illustrations INDIA AS A MISSION FIELD TODAY ……………… Alexander McLeish WHAT CHRIST HAS DONE FOR INDIA …………………… A Record THE UNTOUCHABLES AND THE GOSPEL ………… Bishop of Domakal • INDIAN RELIGIONS TODAY …………………….. Nicol Macnicol ATTITUDE OF INDIAN STUDENTS TOWARD CHRIST …….. A. Ralla Ram. OUTLOOK FOR CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA ………….. E. Stanley Jones.

INDIAN ASHRAMS AND SADHUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rev. Father Lash • HOME MISSIONS OF THE INDIAN CHURCH ………….. Thomas David CHRISTIAN VILLAGES IN INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. Z. Hodge OUTSTANDING INDIAN CHRISTIANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. D. Devanandham NOTABLE MISSIONARIES TO INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. E. Abraham INDIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD CHRIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. N. Wells • Expected but not yet received.

ORDER COPIES FOR YOURSELF AND YOUR SOCIETY, BEFORE THE EDITION IS SOLD OUT 25 cents a copy $20.00 a hundred $2.50 a year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor ROBERT E. SPEER, President

BY THE HARTFORD SEMINARY

Edilor.. SA..,.UEL M. ZWEMER, EDWIN E. CALVERLEY SOME ARTICLES IN THE JULY NUMBER Islam a Sevenfold Problem Samuel M. Zwemer "Some Libraries of _Cairo ,William M. Randall Islam in Sumatra Raymond L. Archer Allah Before Islam F. V. Winnett AI KUmai1: Companion of die Secret Dwi&ht M .. Donaldson 'The Moslem Antagonist Robert S. Darbishire Sins and Their Punishment in ISlam Francis T. Coo'lce Church and State in the Near East • Alfm-d Carleton A Theological Poem ' I. Lowrie Andenon Book Reviews-Current Topics ,f Survey of Periodicals Sue Molleson Foster _ ~ SUBSCRIBE NOW I( II[ '0 Cents a Copy. $2.00 a Year (postpaid) In combination with THE MOSLEM WORLD THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City '3.50 a Year. (Foreign Postage, 50 Cents.) ',…

British Agents: MARSHALL, MORGAN It SCOTT, 12 Patemoster Buildings, London, E. C. Price in Great Britain, Eight S~gs a Year, net THE LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN, OF BOMBAY By ROBERT E. SPEER 'Ibis is the biography of a very remarkable Christian missionary to India and for twenty years the inBuential and able editor of the Bombay Guardian. Dr. J. Sumner Stone"c;alled him, "The White Yogt..

When George Bowen died i~ 1888 there was call for a worthy biography but its preparation was delayed. Later all the biographical material-including his diaries, letters, reminiscences, and the books and pamphlets of which he was author-was turned over to Dr. Speer. This material has now been put into shape for publication and the result is a frank and stimulating picture of the man,-his experiences, unique character, forceful views and methods of work. Here is a life story that is of absorbing interest and will richly reward the thoughtful reader. The book is now ready for delivery.

CONTENTS I. Family of George Bowen. XI. ADecisive Year, 1849. II. Boyhood and Youth. XII. From 1850 to 1855. III. Three Years Abroad. XIII. Ten Years' of Independent Work. Life in New York, 1840-1844. XIV. The Bombay Guaraian. IV. Illumination of a Hopeless Love. XV. Relations with the American Board. V. Conversion to Christianity. XVI. Association with the Methodist Church. VI. At Union Theological Seminary. XVII. Bowen as a Writer. VII. XVIII; Correspondence with Henry W. Rankin. VIII. His Missionary Appointment. Cosing Testimony. IX. The Voyage to Incha, 1847. XIX. X. Beginning Missionary Work.

This latest work. by Dr. Speer may be ordered at $2.50 per copy from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY- 186 Fifth Avenue. New York

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1935

1935

Home Mission Number Restating the Home Mission Task Mark A. Dawber The Changing Frontier in America Hermann N. Morse Problem of Unassimilated Americans W. C. Schaeffer Christianity versus "Isms" Gaius Glenn Atkins The New Day and the Old Gospel Hugh T. Kerr Working Among Migrant Workers Adela 1. Ballard Cooperation and Union in Home Missions .. William R. King The Unchurched Children of America R. W. McGranahan A Re..emphasis of Spiritual Values Paul Dawson Eddy The Need for Christian Education 1. M. Walker The Church and the Unemployed Edgar M. Wahlberg Juvenile Criminals and the Church H. L. Dickerson 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Yea1'

to Remember Dallas, Texas. (Not the Negro School Christian Church, died early in

-Sept. 23-27.) M~s. George J. Fix, at the age of 48, in Dayton, Ohio. He June 9-1~Annual Conference, He- 7041 Tokalon Drive, Dallas, Texas. had been in executive missionary serv- brew Christian Alliance. Buffalo, ice since 1921, and from 1926 until N. Y. Eaglesmere, Pa. June 26-July 3. Cor. 1930 was executive secretary for home Sec.-Mrs. Edith C. Ashton, 1939 missions of the General Christian June 9-15-Church Conference of So- Grant Ave., Bustleton, Phile.delphia, cial Work, Montreal, Canada. Pa. Convention.

June 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- Houston, Texas. October 28-Novem- Mrs. Elizab'"eth'" R'"ustin McCon- vention, Colorado Springs, Colorado. ber 1. Mrs. E. B. Mohle, 2309 Rob- inhood, Houston, Texas. aughey, the wife of Dr. David Mc- June 22-30 – Victorious Life Confer- Conaughey who was for some years ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Lake Geneva, Wis. June 24-July 1. the Y. M. C. A. missionary in Madras, Mrs. Thomas A. Freeman, 5841 July 1-29-Institute of Race Rela- Kenmore Ave., Chicago, Ill. died at her home in Montclair, N. J., tions, Swarthmore College, Swarth- on May 18, at the age of seventy-two. more, Pa. Minnesota (Minneapolis – St. Paul). She was one of the founders of the September 16-23. Mrs. A. F. Au- Y. W. C. A. in India and was greatly July 2-7-International Christian En- guster, 1536 Van Buren St., St. beloved and honored by many mis- deavor Convention, Philadelphia, Paul, Minn. Pa. sionaries and Indian Christians who Mt. Hermon, California. June 29- enjoyed the hospitality of her home. July 4-7 – Conference on Christian July 6 (not definite). Mrs. W. F. Education and the 22d Annual Angwin, 1836 Clemens Road, Oak- Rev. Dr. Wm'". E'". S'"oothill, Profes- Meeting of the Presbyterian Edu- land, Calif. cational Association of the South. sor of Chinese at Oxford University, Montreat, N. C. Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. England, died on May 14 at the age July 31-August 6. Mrs. B. H. Sin- of 74. He went to China as a mission- July 6-14-Victorious Life Conference. cell, 103 2d St., Oakland, Md. Keswick Grove, N. J. ary of the United Methodist Church Northfield, Massachusetts. July 5-13. in 1882 and labored there for twenty- July 10 – 24 – Leadership Training Mrs. Virgil B. Sease, Parlin, N. J. five years, becoming one of the lead- School. Montreat, N. C. ing authorities of the world on Chi- Southern California (Los Angeles). nese life and language. He was born July 16-19-Annual Assembly, Amer- September 23-27. Mrs. Thomas M. in Halifax, the son of William and ican Association of Women Preach- Buley, 800 Rome Drive, Los An- ers. Aurora, Ill. geles, Calif. Margaret Soothill. He was stationed at Wenchow, China, from 1882 to July 20-28 – Victorious Life Confer- Warren, Ohio. September 17 and 24. 1907 and established there churches, ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Mrs. Geo. Konold, 314 Scott St., schools, a hospital and a college. He N. E., Warren, Ohio. was for four years president of the July 24 – 31- Woman's Auxiliary Training School. Montreat, N. C. Winona, Indiana. June 26-July 2. Imperial University of Shensi Prov- Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 S. Elm- ince. Among his best known books August 1-4-General Missions Confer- wood Ave., Oak Park, Ill. are "Three Religions of China"; "A ence. Montreat, N. C. Mission in China"; "Life of Timothy Obituary Notes Richard of China"; "A History of August 3-11-Victorious Life Confer- ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Rev. T. Matsuyama, one of Japan's China," and "Anelects of Confucius." ~rea~est benefactors, died January 4 August 7-12 – World Convention of m hIS 90th year. In 1871, becoming *** the Disciples of Christ, Leicester, alarmed at the spread of Christianity, England. he began to study it secretly in order Miss Jane Addams, the world-fa- to know how to combat it. His antag- August 11-18-Foreign Missions Week onism changed to faith and with ten mous social welfare worker and peace of the Southern Baptist Convention others he was baptized. He became in the Blue Ridge Mountains on pastor of a church in Kobe which he advocate, died on May 21 aft~r a ma- the Southern Baptist Assembly helped to establish; in 1884 he assist- Grounds, Ridgcrest, North Carolina. ed in a translation of the Bible and jor operation for cancer. She would in 1911 was a member of the com- August 12-18-World Alliance for In- mittee to revise the translation of the have been 75 years of age on Septem- ternational Friendship Through the New Testament into Japanese. Churches. Geneva, Switzerland. ber 6. She was recently awarded a *** August 17-25-Vidorious Life Confer- Nobel prize in recognition of her ef- ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Dr. David George Downey, mem- forts in behalf of world peace. She ber of the Methodist Board of Foreign August 18-22 – Universal Christian Missions, died March 7th in White was the founder of Hull House, Chi- Council for Life and Work. Geneva, Plains, N. Y., at the age of 76. Dr. Switzerland. Downey had helped to make the Meth- ~ago and had been for the past 46 odist Book Concern the largest organ- August 20-22 – Men's Conference. ization of its kind in the world. years greatly honored and beloved MontTf'at, N. C. *** because of her settlement work for August 22-Seut. I-Bible Conference. Montreat, N. C. Rev. William E. Boggs, Baptist the poor and underprivileged. She has missionary in South India for 42 August 30 – September 2 – Victorious years, died April 6, at Greenwich, been called a "priestess of under- Life Conference. Keswick Grove, Nova Scotia. N. J. standing" and kept open house for * '" '" Summer Conferences and prince and pauper alike. She has been Schools of Missions Dr. H. H. Tilbe, retired Baptist missionary to Burma, died March 4 honored with degrees by many uni- Affiliated with the Council of Women in Cincinnati, Ohio. Dr. and Mrs. for Home Missions and the Com- Tilbe had served under the Baptist versities. mittee on Women's Work of the Foreign Mission Society for 45 years. Most of their work was in Rangoon. Miss Addams was born in Cedar- Foreign Missions Conference '" '" '" ville, Illinois, of Quaker ancestors her DATl!:S AND CHAmMEN FOR 1935 The Rev. Abram W. Sparks, for- father having been a personal f;iend Bethesda, Ohio. July 29-August 2. mer executive secretary for home mis- Miss Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson sions of the General Convention of the of Abraham Lincoln. Among the Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. books of which she was the author Boulder, Colorado. June 23-29. Pro- gram Chairman-Mrs. Henry F. are: "Twenty Years at Hull House"; _ Hoffman, 741 Adams St., Denver, "Second Twenty Years at Hull Colo. House"; "Democracy and Social Eth- Chautauqua, New York. August 18- 24. Institute of World Missions, ics"; "Newer Ideals of Peace"; "The Mrs. F. C. Reynolds. 309 Woodlawn Road, Roland Park, Baltimore, Md., Spirit of Youth in the City SWtormeaetns''"~ Chairman. and "The Long Road of Memory."

HAYFEVER ASTHMA and SUMMER COLDS are nnne.essary. Complete relief only $1.00 pOltpaid. Nothing elle to buy. Over 40,000 HOLFORD'S WONDER INHALERS lold Idt year a10n.. Mail $1.00 today for full 1.8IOn'I reUef to THE DAN DEE CO., 252 HENNEPIN AVENUE, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., or write for Fre. Booklet.

MISSIONARY The next issue of the REVIEW will ~enever

REVIEW OF THE WORLD be .a combined July-August number. If you are to be away from home for the Call comes from DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor the summer please send us your change of address now. EAST OF SUEZ VOL. LVIII JUNE, 1935 No.6 Personal Items sail by Publication and Business Office– Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Dr. John R. Edwards, Secretary of p&O the Meth()dist Board of Foreign Mis- Editorial and Executive Office– sions; E. M. McBrier, lay member; To whatever part of the East the work 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Dr. Morris W. Ehnes, treasurer, with of the Faith may take you •.• Cunard Entered as second-class matter at Miss Juliet H. Knox, representing the White Star and P & 0 comhine to Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, make the way easy. You cross to Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under sailed from New York, April 20, for England by the largest fleet on the Act of March 3, 1879. North Africa, to study problems con- Atlantic ••• then sail eastward on the nected with the readjustment of Meth- new s.s. Strathnaver or s. s. Strathaird 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. odist work in that fielc;l. or any other fast luxurious P&O liners. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. . .Thus you use throughout the two Published monthly, except August. *** Lines preferred by travelers since All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. 1840 • •• on the Indian and Pacific British agents – Marshall, Morgan Dr. George B. Dean, for eighteen as well as the Atlantic oceans. Tra- and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, years connected with the Board of ditions of seamanship and service that London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, Home Missions and Church Extension have endured for nearly a century, 10 shillings a year. of the Methodist Church, has retired are your assurance of a safe and because of a serious heart affection. supremely comfortahle voyage. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB~ LISHING CO., INC. Dr. Albert *Sc*hw*eitzer, African PENI NSULAR AND ORIENTAL AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS medical missionary, was honored on BRITISH INDIA ROBERT E. SPEER, Pre8ident his sixtieth birthday in Strasbourg, W"M. 1. CHAMRERLAIN, Vice-President where he studied and taught, by hav- STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANIES WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer ing a city park named for him. He DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary has just returned to his hospital at P & 0 liners sail regularly from London to Lambarene, Africa. Egypt, Sudan and the Persian Gulf, to India, SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Burma and Ceylon, to the Straits Settle- MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Dr. Homer D*. B*roo*kins has retired ments, China and Japan, to Australia and WM. B. LIPPHARD New Zealand, East and South Africa, ERIC M. NORTH from the editorial staff of the Watch- Mauritius, etc. Convenient through book- JESSE R. W'ILSON man-Examiner. He had served that ings at attractively low fares can be arranged paper and its predecessor, the Exam- by your local travel agent or any office of A. L. WARNSHUIS iner, for 47 years. Cunard White Star Line. Complete informationfrom Your Local Agentor SAMUEL M. ZWE'MER *** CUNARD WHITE STAR Editorial Chat Sir Harold Mackintosh, President of the World's Sunday School Asso- GENERAL AGENTS Here is our Home Mission number. ciation has received a baronetcy from The subject is so vast that only a few King George, who thus recognizes the 25 Broadway New York 638 Fifth Ave. phases of it could be treated in one greatness of this organization. issue. The Indians, Negroes, Mexicans, Orientals, lumbermen, miners, Rev. and Mrs*. G*eor*ge G. Mahy, of mountaineers, West. Indies, Alaska, city slums, prison work, industrial Buckhorn, Ky., have been assigned to centers, Sunday school evangelism and missionary work in China under the religious work in rural districts are Presbyterian Board of Foreign Misall omitted or slightly treated. Some sions. Mrs. Mahy is a sister of Mrs. promised articles were not received in John C. Stam, who, with her husband, time for publication – and one – on was murdered in China December 8. "Christian Youth and a New America," by Roy A. Burkhart, was *** crowded out and will appear in July. This series is, however, varied and Brayton C. Case, an agricultural timely and will well repay study. missionary of the American Baptist Read them and pass them on. Foreign Mission Society, has been presented .with the Kaisar-i-Hind Sil- *** ver Medal for services to practical agriculture in Burma. Mr. Case is A Correction principal of Pyinmana Agricultural Sch,ool. In the frontispiece for our May number (showing some Mohammedan Fifty years ago Dr. Roberts had mosques) there was a transposition crawled on his hands and knees up of titles. The left-hand pictures to that ·same throne to ask permission shows the mosque at Woking, Eng- of the Burmese king to start mission land; the upper right-hand mosque is work among the wild Kachins. Misthat at Mogok, Burma, and the other sion work has now changed this peois that at Srinagar, Kashmir. ple from bandits and robbers into pro- tectors of the peace. *** *** A Word to the W ise~ Dr. Dan B. Brummitt, editor of the "I wish I could afford to have THE Central Christian Advocate, Kansas REVIEW and Women and Missions in City, Mo., was elected chairman of every Presbyterian minister's home of the Editorial Council of the Religious this land. . . . I can't see how any Press, composed of editors of Protminister can keep up his intelligence estant denominational papers. Dr. and interest without these magazines. Guy E. Shipler, editor of the Church- Lack of interest is almost always due to ignorance." (Concluded on third cover.) From a letter to Women and Mis- [257 ] sions from Dr. Frederick G. Coan of MinneapoIis (former mission- ary to Persia).

"Happy Is the Nation Whose God Is the Lord"

UNITE TO WIN AMERICA for CHRIST THROUGH PRAYER WITNESS SERVICE LIFE Present Situation in the United States—The Challenge Total Population,: 134,000,000 Protestant Christian Communicants, 30,000,000 Total Protestant Community, 70,000,000 Roman and Greek Catholic Community, 20,000,000 Non-Church Members (Including Children), 75,000,000 Unconnected with Any Christian Organization, 44,000,000

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REvIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER SIX JUNE, 1935 Topics of the Times SAVING THE SOUL OF AMERICA 2. Progress. No land has offered· greater op- Every land has its special resources and culture portunities for progress than has North America. Territorially the United States has expanded from -its heritage and history. The United States of ocean to ocean. No old ironbound customs and traditions have prev·ented development; new ideas .America has been greatly blessed in its tlhoecacthioanr-' and plans have been tested by laboratory methods of its natural resources, in -in government, in education, in industry, in so- III the wealth cial customs and even in religion.

acter of its early settlers, and in its national his- But today the ambition for material progress threatens to cripple and destroy the nation. When tory. In spite of many dangers and difficulties- wealth becomes a great end in itself; when edu- cation leads to the deification of the intellect; or because of the battle against them-the coun- when industry develops into selfish warfare be- tween capital and labor; when statesmanship detry's development has been steady and remark- generates into petty party politics; and when social life takes on the characteristics and customs able, at least for the first century and a half of its of the jungle-then the soul of the nation is lost.

history. Wealth, education, culture, industry, in- 3. Service. Almost every nation seems to have been completely absorbed with its own national fluence, power have increased as long as national problems and with the struggle for existence. From its early years of independence America has ideals and Christian teachings have united to keep offered a haven for oppressed and underprivileged peoples. Not only the development of her own standards high and to develop strength. vast territory but international travel and com- merce and the sending abroad of money and mis- But in recent years the body and mind of Amer- sionaries, have enabled Americans to share their material and spiritual blessings with others. ica have been developed at the expense of its soul. Today many of these streams seem to be drying For America has a soul-a spiritual quality of life up. The desire to protect national industries and to avoid entangling alliances is keeping America that must be nurtured if the body is to be kept from adopting unselfish policies and from full co- operation in international courts. Our doors are healthy and is to function properly for the benefit now almost closed to immigrants and our mis- sionary activities are being curtailed. of mankind. The characteristics and vital reali- ties of the soul of America include: 1. Liberty. When the Western Hemisphere was discovered Europe was passing through the Dark Ages – politically, intellectually and religiously.

North America was settled by men and women who sought freedom to live and to work and to worship God in harmony with high intelligence, great industry and noble ideals. The liberty sought was in harmony with law-particularly the laws of God for the well-being of man.

When licence and lawlessness take the place of law and order-licence in dress, in behaviour, in amusements, in sex relations; lawlessness and laxity in regard to property rights and traffic- laws, in marriage and the sacredness of human 4. Spiritual. America was discovered about the life-then a land and its people lose the privileges time of the Protestant Reformation., The United of true liberty. Is it not time for America to re- States was settled from northern Europe by turn to the high ideals and the practice of liberty sturdy pioneers who brought with them their open in harmony with the laws which God has estab- Bibles and who sought to pattern their lives after lished for the physical, moral and spiritual good the revealed will of God rather than on the lines of all mankind? of humanistic or materialistic philosophies. Pure, [259 ]

monoganous family life in America has been held schools and colleges, irreligion in the homes, athesacred; character-making education has been of- istic propaganda, open immorality and obscenity fered to prepare all for unselfish service; Sunday, in published literature and public exhibitions. as the Lord's Day, has been respected as a day of Parents and teachers who have strict ideas of rest and worship; Church and State have been Christian standards of conduct are referred to by kept separate, not to exclude God and His laws modern youth as "belonging to the stone age," as from the State but to prevent the State from in- hopelessly puritanical or "old fogies." No doubt' terfering with religion. most of these youth do not intend any wrongdoing but they are reckless and like to throw off all When lawmakers lose their spiritual ideals and restraint… As a rule they are not to blame. They their sense of obligation to God; when the Lord's are following the trend of the times, are often Day is commercialized and secularized; when influenced by the teaching and example seen in moral standards in education are lowered, and their homes, their schools and colleges and in when a materialistic social order becomes men's public places. ideal, it means that the supremacy of God is overlooked or ignored. Government, education, in- The great problem of home missions today, is dustry and society, as well as religion, are then on not so much the problem of occupying new territhe toboggan. tory or establishing religious centers among neg- lected pioneers and primitive peoples, as it is the But America still has a soul-a spiritual life problem of manifesting a type of Christian faith and character-as well as a body-to be saved. and life that will be an evidence of its vitality Home Missions represent the effort of Christians and truth, and will attract others to Christ. It to extend and express that spiritual life and char- requires no argument to prove that a noble hisacter in service, according to the will of God as tory or good laws do not insure a strong nation. revealed in Jesus Christ. Until this soul of Amer- It requires also noble, high-minded citizens and ica finds expression in every nook and corner of loyalty to good laws and high ideals. the country, in every phase of American life, in all our laws and institutions and activities-until The great problem of home missions today, as then the Home Mission task of the Church of of every day and every land, is that of winning Christ will not be completed. Nationalism 'may individuals to high idealism, training young and be only a heathen ideal; patriotism may be igno- old to use their powers of body, mind and soul for rant and selfish; Christianity means not only character development and for the benefit of othloyalty to Christ and His program, but unselfish ers, revealing to them the Source of wisdom and devotion to one's country and to the welfare of power that will make their talents and resources humanity in every part of God's world. The effective. What other way is there of solving this home missionary ideal is to bring one's country problem than the Way of Christ. wholly under the control of God. But that ideal can only be realized by the surrender of every THE RECIPE FOR A HAPPY NATION individual and every institution and activity to Many ideals and programs are being tried out Christ. for making a strong, prosperous, happy nation- in Russia, communism and the success of the Five THE PROBLEM OF HOME MISSIONS Year Plan; in Germany, Nazism and the elimi- TODAY nation of all that is non-Teutonic; in Italy, Fas- cism and the development of a powerful central There is no greater problem today than that of government; in Japan, military power and exbringing American life into harmony with the pansion; in China, national unity and the realizaspirit and teachings of Jesus Christ. It is easy tion of Dr. Sun's principles; in India, self-govto recognize the great progress that has been ernment and the development of home industries; made by the United States in the past fifty years in European countries, national security and -territorial expansion and increase of popula- economic prosperity; in America', economic retion, in commerce and manufacture, in wealth and covery and no outside entanglements or interphilanthropies, in education and science–but ference. have we made similar progress in morals and social justice, in Christian character and life? Every intelligent and patriotic good citizen By these latter standards of measurement have wishes to see hi/} country strong and prosperous we gone backward or forward? Judged only by and at peace with the world. He wishes to see church attendance and church membership, sta- his fellow-countrymen free and happy and gaintistics show a numerical increase but proportion- fully employed-a blessing to themselves and. to ately we have been slipping. all mankind. But there are different views as to the guiding principles and the forces that produce More than this, anti-religious and unchristian such a nation and such a people. The all-wise influences are increasing-in the teaching in many

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

and all-loving Creator and Ruler of the universe This effort to persuade Germany to revert to has given clear directions, infallible rules for paganism may lead many astray through false attaining the desired result in personal and na- aims and a vain hope of unity and security. While tional life. Here are a few: all public Christian rallies, Protestant and Cath- olic, were forbidden, more than 15,000 anti-Chris- 1. Happy is the nation whose God is the Lord. Psalm tians recently (April 26th) gathered in the 33: 12. "Sportspalast" in Berlin to attack Christianity and in a less degree to express their sympathy 2. Happy is the man (or nation) whose iniquities are with the plan to organize a Nordic pagan moveforgiven. Psalm 32: 1. ment. Pagan symbols and swastika flags deco- rated the platform. 3. Happy is the man (or nation) whose strength is in God. Psalm 84: 5. While Hitler himself may not openly and direct- ly sponsor the anti-Christian movement, he and 4. Happy are they who do right at all times. Psalm the Nazis are seeking to establish a political, 106: 3. state-controlled Church-making God and His decrees of secondary authority to national laws, 5. Happy is he that has mercy on the poor. Proverbs some even declaring that "Reichsfuehrer" Adolph 14: 21. Hitler is God's spokesman and representative. The new religion seems to consist chiefly in in- 6. Happy is the man (or nation) who maketh the Lord tense German nationalism. Apparently the only his trust. Psalm 40: 4. rites of the Nordic pagan faith consist in a cere- mony for new-born children and a civil marriage 7. Happy are they who hear the Word of God and keep agreement. In the effort to establish a centralit. Luke 11: 28. ized, unified State Church, hundreds of Evangel- ical Christian pastors-700 in one week-have 8. Happy are they who hunger and thirst after right- been jailed or sent to concentration camps. Any eousness. Matt. 5: 6. public mention of these arrests is forbidden. There is also an attempt to bankrupt "confessional 9. Happy are the pure in heart . . . Happy are the churches and clergy" by taxes and withholding peacemakers. Matt. 5: 8, 9. stipends.

10. Happy is the man who keep~th the Sabbath. Isaiah But brute force cannot win over spiritual force. 56: 1. There are millions of Evangelical German Chris- tians who will withstand every effort to paganize 11. Happy are a people saved by the Lord. Deut. 33: 29. them and their children. They are strong, coura- 12. Happy is he who is not offended in me (Christ). geous men and women who know their Bibles and Matt. 11: 6. who have personal experience of the power of Christ. Danger of imprisonment and death can- Disregarding these clear directions and the not intimidate or silence them any more than it plain lessons of history, nations today seek secur- could silence or destroy the Apostolic Church. ity and prosperity through armaments, treaties, "Truth crushed to earth will rise again." Christ human laws and "recovery codes," through regu- is still the power of God and the wisdom of God. lation of crops and prices, by labor organizations and chambers of commerce, by social security acts EARTHQUAKES AND FAMINE-WHAT and increased taxation. At the same time they NEXT? neglect the cultivation of justice, righteousness, brotherly love and Christian education. Is it any Recently, on almost the same day, newspapers wonder that "Icabod" is so often written over were filled with reports of disaster in many parts legislative halls and business marts, over court- of the globe. Formosa, the large island about houses and educational institutions and even over 100 miles off the southeastern coast of China, churches? largely inhabited by Chinese but now ruled by Japan, reported (April 22) a severe earthquake in The Word of God comes to America, as to the which some 2,500 people were killed, nearly 7,000 people in the days of the prophet Isaiah: "Seek homes were wrecked, 250,000 people are reported ye the Lord, while he may be found; call ye upon homeless, and much other damage was done. This him while he is near; let the wicked forsake his is one of twenty-five great earthquakes of the way; and the unrighteous man his thoughts, and present century in which 290,000 people have lost let him return unto the Lord and he will have their lives. mercy upon him and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon." Formosa is a mountainous island about 235 miles long and 50 to 100 miles wide, with a popu- GERMAN ANTI-CHRISTIAN ACTIVITY Recent reports from Germany announce that the seventy-year-old General, Erich Ludendorff, the eccentric military genius of the World War, has appealed to the Teutonic people to abandon all faith in Christ and the Bible and to return to the worship of the Teutonic god Odin-whom he calls the "holy wellspring of German power." General Ludendorff claims that the Hitler drive for German unity and power will not be effective without national unity and that this unity is attainable only by the adoption of a Teutonic god-a legendary being.

lation of some five million Chinese, Japanese and Council to the Belgian Minister of the Colonies aborigines. The principal cities and towns are says in part: on the west coast. This is the island where Dr. The Colony has some 250 doctors. About 165 (of whom George Leslie MacKay, of the Canadian Presby- more than half are foreigners) belong to the official service, terian Church, carried on a very remarkable mis- 15 are in the Catholic mission service, and 50 belong to sionary work a half century ago. His work was the Protestant missions. The medical budget amounts to located in the north at Tamsui (Taihoku), while the English Presbyterian Church occupies sta- 76,000,000 francs. Of this total, Protestant doctors receive tions in the southeastern part of the island. The between 600,000 and 700,000 francs, being about 1%. The 15 Catholic doctors receive all expenses, just as though they were Government doctors; and the 50 Protestant doctors recent earthquake was confined to the west central receive only . . . 1%! Protestant hospitals, dispensaries, residences for doctors and nurses, and their entire equiparea of the island where there are no foreign ment have been paid for by the funds of the Protestant missionaries. missions, whereas all this has been furnished by the Gov- ernment to the Catholic missions. . . . Certain facts On the same day reports came from China that 12,000,000 Chinese are suffering from famine due clearly distinguish our medical work from that of the to drought in eight provinces-Hainan, Anhwei, Catholics: Ours was not established at Government ex- pense; it was not established to compete in any way with and Hupeh suffering most. Many victims are the work of another confession; it has never established said to have been reduced to eating the bark of a medical service in a region already served by a doctor trees, roots and grass, having exhausted the sup- belonging to another confession. In short, it has only ply of dogs and other domestic animals. Women thought of offering to the greatest number of suffering and children are being sold to the highest bidders. humanity the medical care of which before they had been deprived. . . . We know that often the Catholic mis- The central areas in the United States have sions, even with their subsidies provided by the State, been suffering from prolonged drought, followed refuse to receive Protestant patients on account of their by great dust storms that have swept up thou- faith.

sands of acres of surface soil and have carried What, then, is it that we ask? Medicine being a public service, we ask that the Colonial Department follow a the dust as far west as Los Angeles and as far policy inspired by the benevolent impartiality which Beleast as New York. Discomfort and disease have gium has engaged itself to practice in virtue of the Coloresulted from inhaling the dust; traffic has been nial Charter and in adhering to the Treaty of St. Ger- temporarily blocked in some places and large main-en-Laye: that the Government shall "protect and farms have been stripped of fertile soil. favour, without distinction of nationality or religion, all In the midst of these and many other wide- religious, scientific or charitable institutions and enterspread distresses and disasters it would seem that prises.

men, who have prided themselves on their phys- Regarding education the report goes on to show ical conquests, and on their discoveries and inven- how the same discriminatory measures have been tions in the scientific and natural realm, would pursued despite the fact that the Protestant turn from war and destruction to give all their Church has been the pioneer in the field and has energies to constructive activity to establish har- brought great blessing to the Congo. The report monious relations with nature, with one another gives instances where special prestige is given to and with God. The world needs to submit to the Catholic prelates by government's ceremonials to rule of Jesus Christ. impress the natives. It also cites case after case of cruelty practised upon the natives by priests ROME'S GREAT MISSIONARY ACTIVITY in order to induce them to turn Catholics.

The present Pope of the Roman Catholic Church Other reports tell how Roman Catholic mission- is very active as missionary propagandist. No aries are establishing schools and- hospitals near one need to be surprised and none should criticize some of the best Protestant stations in an effort him or his Church for such activity, but there may to draw off the Protestant adherents. Instances be grounds for criticism of Roman Catholic are given where children are intimidated and methods. The Protestant Council of the Belgian even beaten to make them stop attending Protes- Congo recently prepared a protest against some tant schools. The missionary representations to of these methods and against the favoritism the Belgian Government are not complaints shown to Roman Catholic workers and because against legitimate Roman Catholic activity but of discrimination against the work of Protestant call attention to unfair government discrimina- missions shown by Belgian officials in the Congo. tion and to cases of intimidation and persecution. These discriminations have been extremely detri- The present King and Parliament in Belgium are mental to evangelical work-especially to the more inclined to give Protestants fair treatment Protestant mission schools and hospitals-some or and have promised to see that these abuses cease.

which have been established in the Belgian Congo There is a great reason for thankfulness that the for half a century. case of evangelical Christians is in the hands of The document forwarded by the Protestant God. .

the Home Mission

By REV. MARK A. DAWBER, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

Superintendent of the Department of Rural Work, Board of Home Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church T HE last five years have witnessed the round- church no less than government is called upon to ing out of the first century of organized home face the new demands of these changes. Our mission work in America. Several denomi- planned agriculture and industry to meet the new nations have been celebrating this century of ac- economic and social problems will require a new tivities and achievement. There is probably no home missions to bring to these new frontiers the chapter in American history more thrilling than dynamic of Christianity and unless this can be that which records the exploits of those early done and done quickly, there is grave danger that pioneers who blazed the trail into the American the mould of the new economic civilization will be wilderness, across the Rockies and penetrated into set without the safeguards and guiding principles of the Christian religion.* the far West, keeping pace with the population as it Are the days of pioneering in Home Missions Restated moved ever westward in search of new lands in which home missions past? Is there Home missions must now to settle. A few of these old more land to possess, a need for be restated in terms of presfrontier mission tasks re- more churches? There are re~ ent-day conditions. The primain but the work of estab- ported to be at least fifty mi1~ mary purpose is the same as lishing the Church in the lion people in America not con~ ever, that of making Jesus rapidly developing move- nected with any church-Cath~ Christ available, known and ments of the closing days of olic or Protestant. The task is accepted to underprivileged, the nineteenth century and still with us but it is different ignorant and indifferent peo- the beginning of the twen- from that which faced the early ple, and through Him to tieth, has never been com- bring people to a knowledge pleted. Many of the old fron- pioneers. Dr. Dawber points of God and His love for sintiers still remain, church- out ways in which we must fill ful man and to show the posless and godless, and are sibility of redemption and even now a challenge to the our church program with new salvation. From this point methods if we would win Amer~ ica for Christ.

Church. of view the problem is the But for the most part the same as in former days. But old frontier is gone. The old haphazard move- there is a difference in degree of need, and in the ment of peoples westward and the influx of multi- attitude of underprivileged people toward the tudes of foreign-speaking peoples from Europe to cause of their need. Home missions must do more take their pla'Ce in the rapidly-expanding indus- than meet these needs, it must address itself to tries, is gone-at least for the present-and there remove or overcome the causes. Too long have are those who predict that it is gone forever. The we been content to be the stretcher-bearer for an settling up process has given way to a settling economic system that was unj ust and therefore down process, that brings with it a new set of unchristian and that has cast its wreckage of life factors with which home missions must grapple. on the scrap-heap of humanity to be cared for by A planned economy to meet intensive living, as the Mission Boards and other benevolent institu- against the old easy-going policy of expansion, is tions. "Prevention is better than cure," but it is now the order of the day. New types of control less spectacular. It is much easier to arouse the are abroad in the land and many of them are here to stay. The old frontiers have gone but new • It was for this purpose that the Home Missions Council set frontiers, far more difficult and creating greater needs, have t aken the p1ace 0 f the oId. The forth to explore the situation and to record Its judgment and suggest nation, yes the whole world, is now in the throes a program and policy that would help the Home Mission Boards to of readjustment and reconstruction made neces- face up with the new task that lies before them. The results of sary becaus~ of these changing frontiers. The this study covering a period of five years were published a year ago in the book "Home Missions Today and Tomorrow." A casual glance at this volume will reveal the tremendous task that now confronts the Church If It is to occupy a place of respect and be ~~n~~:~t~~. in~.h~.n~~ economic, social and moral frontiers of our [263 ]

sympathy of people to give money to alleviate the administrative offices seeking employment. Othsuffering of people, than it is to get support to ers have gone directly to closed churches and prevent suffering. The Mission Boards must now offered their services at a mere pittance of a salmarch out on these new economic and social fron- ary, in order to get a shelter and enough to eat. tiers to wage war against any and every agency Mission Boards must be alert in protecting the and institution that in any way contributes to the use of funds for churches that will make an appeal poverty and destitution of the people. The decla- to supplement the salary of men who are serving ration of this new purpose will doubtless make under such conditions. In a word, the problem enemies of certain individuals and groups whose of competition is intensified as we pass from an consciences will prick them and who take refuge increasing population to a relative decrtasing one. in defensive mechanisms of traditional ways of expr,essing religion. On the other hand the ac- Institutional Changes ceptance of this new purpose will make a host of new friends and supporters who wish to help in Home missions must be restated in terms of constructive work for the rebuilding of society on certain institutional work. Schools, hospitals, a truly Christian basis. homes and certain social services have undergone a vast change. We are facing a very different set Among- Foreign Language Groups of factors that make unnecessary the develop- ment, and, in many instances, the continuance of Home missions must be restated at the point of this type of work. In the early days of pioneer the changes that have come to certain special life, it was right that the church should organize groups. The ministry to foreign-speaking peoples and promote such institutions. The state and the has received a considerable share of home mis- local communities were neither able or interested sion funds. During the expansion period of in- to do so and the church has rendered a muchdustry, people from other lands flocked to Amer- needed service in initiating and standing by such ica by the millions. To keep up with this invasion, institutions until the state and local communities and to meet the ever-moving stream of this migra- could care for this work. There are still certain tion, has been a most difficult task. No other situations where pioneer and underprivileged concountry has ever faced such a problem so that ditions obtain so that the church must continue there was no previous experience upon which to the work of education, hospital and relief service. develop the program. But this need is passing as a responsibility of the Mission Boards, and they must now frankly face We have now reached the end of this immigrant the task of readjustment that comes as the result movement, at least for the present. The tide has of the change. tu:vned and recent studies show that for every foreigner who came in under the quota in 1933, A National Responsibility thirty-five went out. From now on the task will be that of winning the second and third genera- Home missions must be restated as a national tion of the foreign groups. responsibility. Certain types of service are the primary responsibility, and the total church mem- This will require a program and a policy that bership must be made to feel the obligation. will be centered in the English-speaking churches Other lesser needs become the responsibility of that are in close proximity. There will be certain certain areas that have within them the resources exceptions, but for most situations it will require to care for them. Home missions must be claria readjustment of program to reach these people. fied at the point of this distinction.

Denominational Competition The intensive lifenow upon us will demand that mission funds be used for certain well-defined Home missions must be restated from the point types of service that will qualify as a national of view of comity and cooperation. The problem respon~ibility. In this class we include the work of competition was not a sensitive one in the days among Negroes, Southern Mountains, Alaska, of expansion for the denominations felt justified Puerto Rico, Hawaii, certain language groups, in locating new churches, since the future prom- needy industrial and rural areas and special projised rapid growth of population. This policy can ects that are rapidly developing under the reconno longer be defended and denominations are struction and rehabilitation program of the Govobligated to confer with one another as to the ernment. location of new churches to meet the changes that are necessary. The present situation and the immediate future require that the home mission task be more clearly Another element has now entered into the pic- defined, and restated and the projects selected on ture and that is making the task of comity and the basis of these new and more valid standards cooperation difficult. Hundreds of unemployed of missionary need and service. ministers are knocking at the doors of church

RESTATING THE HOME MISSION TASK

The Church Building Program phasized the primary work as related to present- ing Christ and His program to indifferent and un- The foregoing statement if true would suggest derprivileged people, there is also a responsibility a restatement of home missions in the field of that rests upon home missions in' its relation to church erection. If we have reached the end of the whole Church. Self-supporting churches form the expansion period, then it stands to reason the home base of giving for the work conducted there will be less demand for church expansion in by Mission Boards. If this spring of resources terms of building. That there will be many home dries up, there is little that the Boards can do. Remission needs in this field goes without saying. cent years have witnessed a terrific shrinking in Old frontier communities are still lacking in suit- the giving of the churches and this cannot all be able church buildings and equipment, but they charged to the "depression." The greatest loss will not be needed at every crossroads as in the took place in the so-called prosperity years, so past. Rather, they should be placed at strategic that we must look to some other cause than the centers of population development and changed depression upon which to hang the blame. . conditions of transportation. Many old churches are in need of remodeling and additions, and This loss in giving seems best explained by loss where this is necessary in missionary territory, of interest, not only in missions, but in Christithe home mission agencies will be faced with a anity itself. Jesus Christ is no longer an imperacontinuing responsibilty. tive fact in life. The majority of church members do not seem to have any deep concern about the A tremendous task also confronts the Church in redemption of the world. Jesus Christ is not a meeting the burden of indebtedness that rests significant factor in their own lives, therefore, upon hundreds of churches that have been erected they are not concerned about the significance of in recent years. The value of this service cannot Christ for others. This I believe to be the crux be overstated, but it must be segregated from of the present problem. People are not going to home missions except where the service is ren- strain themselves to make the Gospel available to dered in strictly home missio1;l projects. We do lesser privileged groups unless the Gospel is acnot desire to minimize the importance and the cepted as imperative for themselves. It is not place of church erection in the Christian enter- information about missions these people need, it prise, but rather to call attention to the changed is information about Jesus Christ and a vital relaemphasis that is necessary as the result of the tion to Him. change in the nature of the work as home missions passes from the expansion period to one of Home Mission Boards have a tremendous regeographical and population limitations. It is not sponsibility in the deepening of the spiritual life now a task of building more churches, but of pay- of the whole Church, to make Christ real and iming for those already built and developing and perative to the total membership and to quicken extending the ministry of the same. the sense of His abiding significance to all those who profess to be His followers. If this can be Home Missions and Christianity done, there will be new hope and larger resources with which to carryon the enlarging task of mak- Our task must also be restated in terms of the ing America Christian. total Christian enterprise. While we have em- FROZEN SPIRITUAL ASSETS and For years the world has staggered under haastrebmeeenndthoeusfrowzeeinghatssoeftse.coBnoumt iacllstthriengfreonzcey~ one of the major reasons for this situation assets are n~t ~aterial. There are the potential assets of faith, hope, and love frozen solid under ~h.e thIck Ice of prayerlessness, complacency, irritability, and insincerity. Frozen moral and spIrItual assets are, as a rule, exclusively individualistic in nature and self-inflicted.

Many of us have not been worthy stewards of God, wisely dispensing the spiritual wealth entrusted to our keeping. We have permitted ourselves to become pawns and slaves to fluc- tuating commercialism and have deteriorated vinaltuoesspiisriotufapladrwamaorfus~tbiymbpoowrtianngcae titnhtehaelbtaurilod-f materialism. The fair appraisal of intrinsic ing of a life. .

. A power greater than our own is needed to liquidate the frozen assets of the soul. Jesus Chrlst has that power.-Rev. Harry G. Earle, in "The Christian Advocate."

Changing Frontier in

By REV. HERMANN N. MORSE, New York Author of liToward a Christian America"

THE dominant force in the development of its, who always answer the call of adventure, rest- home missions from its beginnings until now less, reckless men for the most part; those who has been the frontier, in much the same way have encountered misfortune, or who have failed that childhood dominates the school, or that sick- to get ahead in the old and have turned to the new ness dominates the hospital. Without the one the for a fresh start, hard-working, substantial folk, other would never have been. ready to pull the wheelhorse's load; and those who just cannot abide the restrictions or accept The historian, Frederick J. Turner, was the the responsibilities of developed community life. first to elaborate the theory of the frontier as a controlling influence in our There are always two national history. Other his- sides of the frontier picture, torians, such as Charles A. What has become of the geo- what is left behind and what and Mary R. Beard and graphical frontier which has lies ahead of the moving pop- James Truslow Adams, have been pushed westward into the ulation line. For the commumade much of the signifi- Pacific Ocean? With churches nities out of which the micance of the frontier. Peter and Christian institutions scat- grants have come there is a G. Mode, in a suggestive lit- tered all over the land, why is greater or less degree of tIe book published a few not the task of home missions stagnation. Ahead of them years ago, emphasized the completed? Dr. Morse answers is the raw newness of the contribution of the frontier tIhnisonqeuesesntisoe nt-haet hleoamset imn ispsairotn. frontier. Thus there has al- task will never be completed unspirit to the development of til every man, woman and child ways been the contrast of American Christianity. In has at least a fair opportunity the old and the new, in some the thought of these writers, to know and accept Christ and sense a conflict between the most distinctive charac- to live a normal Christian life them, a conflict between the teristics of American life in a Christ-governed commu- rigidity of the old and the have been a direct result of nity. That will be only when plasticity of the new, bethe way in which this coun- Christ reigns supreme. tween the conservatism of try was settled and has the old and the adventure- grown to maturity. The ness of the new, between the frontier, or rather the suc- orderly organization of the cessive frontiers, furnished the keynote of the old and the militant individualism of the new. process. At no point in the story of the nation is this so evident as in the development of the home Always, too there has been the sense of change impending, and actually going on. Such change mission enterprise. has been thought of as toward something "bigger Even the more obvious aspects of our national and better," a slogan as typically American as "E Pluribus Unum." A steady and practically history reveal the effects of certain constant, or unlimited growth has been accepted as our na-' at least constantly recurring, influences. New ter- tional destiny. Every new village has dreamed ritories were opened to settlement. Populations metropolitan dreams. Every new business has were redistributed. Our history began on that thought in terms of empire. note and each decade adds illustrations. The process is not yet completed. Only yesterday we It is easy to see why the frontier idea domi- read of new projects in Alaska, in Arkansas, in nated home miss-ions. The man who isn't going Washington, in Tennessee-magnets for thou- anywhere needs no guide. If he is building nothsands of families. Each new advance from first ing, he needs no carpenter. If he is mature and to last had its scouts, pathfinders and surveyors. in good health, he needs neither nurse nor physi- Each drew people out of old settlements to estab- ciano But the frontier meant that many people lish new. Generally, the same three classes of were going places, were building things, were people have responded; the bold pioneering spir- growing up in new environments, were struggling [266 ] to overcome obstacles, were enduring hardships. The following decade saw work extending into Home missions was simply the way of the Church Nevada, Montana, Wyoming, Arizona, Utah and to serve such people. Frontier meant something among the Indians and the Spanish-speaking peo- primitive, unformed, lacking in the privileges and ple in the Southwest. This decade also confronted values which we associate with normal living. the churches with the tremendous problems inci- What the frontier meant concretely in the his- dent to the freeing of theNegro slaves.

tory of home missions is too long and too familiar The next two decades saw the extension of work a story for retelling here. The frontier and home into Alaska, the beginning of work among Hun- missions were children together and grew up to- garians and the definite crystallization of the gether. We may date the beginning of an organ- concern of the Church for its ministry among ized program for home missions on a national European immigrants and for the problems of its scale at around 1800. From that time until the growing cities. At this time, too, the Southern present practically every decade confronted home Mountains were rediscovered as a missionary missions with some strikingly new situation, problem. The same decades saw the initiation of either a new territory to enter, a new type of pop- the modern program of Sunday School Missions.

ulation to serve, or a new sort of problem to solve. In the last decade of the century occurred the Furthermore, in each decade the advance agents beginning of work in lumber camps and, as the of home missions were scouting out the tasks that century was drawing to a close, the entry by the would engage the Church in subsequent decades. Church of Cuba and Puerto Rico.

By 1800, mission work was under way in all The first decade of the new century saw the be- of the Atlantic seaboard and New England states ginnings of the modern programs of country and in Kentucky and Tennessee. Without attempt- church work and of city church extension and also ing too exact a chronology, it will be of interest to the organization of the great interdenominational recall some of the high points of the later progress bodies in tlie field of home missions.

by decades. This was followed by the launching of the The first decade saw work extending into Mich- cooperative program in Santo Domingo, the de- igan, Ohio, Indiana, Louisiana and among the velopment of a program of work among migrants, Cherokee Indians in the south and the Tuscarora the beginning of service to the Filipinos, and the Indians in the north. facing of the emergency situations created by the The second decade added Illinois, and Missouri conditions of the past few years.

when Salmon Giddings established in St. Louis Through all these years the program of home the first Protestant church west of the Mississippi. missions has had to make provision not only for In this decade occurred the great mission tours of carrying the old and continuing tasks, but for Mills and Schemmerhorn through the Mississippi constant extensions into new fields and the under- Valley as far south as New Orleans in which was taking of new tasks. It is natural enough to ask revealed the religious destitution of that great whether that is still true today and whether there era. is still a place for the frontier idea in home The third decade saw work extended into Ar- missions.

kansas and Wisconsin. In answering this question we will consider the The fourth decade was marked by expansion in frontier in four of its persistent aspects.

many directions. Work was initiated in Minne- People on the Move sota, Kansas, Oklahoma, Iowa and Texas. The Ponds began work among the Sioux Indians in The first of these concerns that hardy perennial Minnesota to be followed not long afterward by of all the days of home missions, the new settle- John P. Williamson and Stephen R. Riggs. Jason ment and the problem of 'people on the move.

Lee, Marcus Whitman and H. H. Spalding began People are still on the move in this country. A their epic-making labors in the far northwest. saying of James Truslow Adams that "America The fifth decade added Nebraska in the middle is settled up and Americans must settle down,"

west, New Mexico in the southwest and California is sometimes quoted as though the redistribution on the coast. In the latter state mission work was of American population had practically come to begun within a year after the discovery of gold an end. On the contrary, there is under way right and the start of the great overland trek. There- now a redistribution of population of considerable after population began to flow from both east and magnitude. Many forces are at work in this, in- west into the Rocky Mountain states. cluding drought, unemployment, emergency, pub- During the sixth decade work was begun in lic works, federal policies for the acql1isition of Colorado and South Dakota. The first church for marginal lands for park purposes or for reforest- Orientals, outside of Asia, was organized in San ation, and other forces too numerous to mention.

Francisco. ' So far as the numbers involved are concerned, it

is likely that the present decade will witness as in northern Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. great a dislodgment of people from their old A considerable number of such Homestead Projhomes as any decade in the history of the nation. ects are now under way or are planned.

Not all of such population movements, of course, During the past five years there has been more create new situations for home missions since individual homesteading in some parts of the west much of the movement of the population is into than in many years previous. A missionary in communities already provided with churches. New Mexico, for example, found in a certain area But constantly new situations are being created. several hundred newly arrived families among whom two promising churches have been organ- Some years ago when construction was begun ized. In Arkansas, an area of 20,000 acres of on Boulder Dam, seven denominations associated fine, fertile land has been reclaimed by drainage. with the Home Missions Council cooperated in Recently, families began to move in from different the establishment of a joint religious enterprise counties in the state. Here the missionary has for the 7,000 or more people who made up the organized a Sunday school which has from 150 inhabitants of Boulder City. A minister was to 200 attendance. Elsewhere in the west one established, a church organized, a building erect- missionary reports that he has had contact with ed, and a fruitful program of religious ministry sixty-eight different communities and another has been carried forward. Now this enterprise with fifty-one. In almost all of these settlements is nearing completion well ahead of schedule and no religious work was being maintained except people are beginning to move out. However, what the itinerant missionary could provide. there are still 1,400 children and young people in Boulder City, an amply worth-while field of min- All sections of the country have by now become istry. accustomed to the challenge and the opportunity represented by the CCC Camps. Recently the In Washington, work is under way on the announcement was made that during the present Grand Coulee Dam, which is a very much larger year the number of such camps would be increased project than the Boulder Dam. Here about 5,000 from 1,468 to 2,916, and that the number of young men are working and a cooperative religious pro- men in them would be increased from 303,000 to gram is already under way. This is an irrigation 600,000. project designed to impound the waters of the Columbia River in the Grand Coulee for the ulti- Many illustrations of this sort could be given. mate irrigation of 1,750,000 acres of the Columbia The problem of missionary extension which they basin. The soil is rich, only needing water, and create is no whit less important than the similar when irrigated the basin will furnish homes for problem in the days of the covered wagon. Here 40,000 families on small farms. are people in new surroundings. Some will re- main in a given location only for a short time. Forty-two miles up the Columbia River from Others are building their homes and establishing Portland, Oregon, is the Bonneville Dam now in permanent communities. Whether they are in the process of construction where 2,000 or more men one case or the other, they present a definite need are now being employed. Here, too, a cooperative for the ministry of the Church. religious program is under way. The Unserved Populations Considerable publicity has been given to the various homestead projects being developed by the Equally insistent is the problem presented by Federal Government as a part of its program of the unserved populations, who for one reason or relief and rehabilitation. another are not reached by the existing churches. This is a second aspect of the frontier which has At Crossville, Tennessee, for example, is located long engaged the attention of home mission agenthe Cumberland Homestead. This is designed for cies. Some of the most significant and stirring 350 families, each of whom will have a small farm episodes of home mission history have been conwith a fine modern house. These families are cerned with the efforts of the church to carry its being recruited from the ranks of unemployed ministry of service across the lines of race and . coal miners and others who in their former homes color and class. This phase of extension has been have had an insufficient measure of support, most a task as great in extent as the primary task of of them being on the relief rolls. Here will be geographical extension and has been more difficreated a new community of possibly 1,500 select- cult. This does not present many entirely new ed people. phases, now that immigration from foreign coun- tries has virtually ceased, but in even its oldest In the Matanuska Valley of Alaska, near An- aspects it is a task as yet largely uncompleted. chorage, a similar homestead project is under way which will provide homes for 200 families. These The most recent challenge has been that of the families, many of them of Swedish or Finnish considerable number of Filipinos on the Pacific extraction, with many young children, are being selected from among those who are now on relief

THE CHANGING FRONTIER IN AMERICA

Coast. Before the Filipino immigration was sus- dren in such migrant families hardly one in fifty pended last year the number of arrivals, coming is now being served through this program.

chiefly by way of Hawaii, had reached a total of Frontiers of Poverty 60,000, most of whom have settled in California.

A report' just received from an interdenomina- In the third place we are still confronted by the tional executive, who recently surveyed this situa- frontiers of poverty and need in all the distinctive tion, summarizes the problem in cryptic phrases: missionary areas in which work is being carried Sixty thousand-mostly young men. No legal protec- on. There is a disposition among some to assume tion. Migrant seasonable workers. Living conditions bad. that except for the emergency created by the pres- Gambling and shooting common. Little being done for ent depression, the need for missionary work in them. Not welcome as a rule 'in American churches. the fields of education, health and community The Christian work among them is largely car- service has been largely eliminated by the developried on through Filipino Christian Fellowships, ment of public agencies.

which are interdenominational in character, but A government bulletin has just been received in many cases sponsored and assisted financially reporting the results of a survey of social and by denominational groups. An annual conference, economic conditions in the Southern Appalachi- on a definite constitutional basis, of all of these ans. This document, replete with maps and charts Fellowships on the Pacific Coast is now in process and tables, bears sober testimony to the contin- of formation. There are in California seven dif- uance of those conditions which prompted the ferent centers having each from 3,000 to 10,000 development of the mission program in that area.

Filipinos, while others are scattered all along the A few facts, culled at random from the report, coast. The present program of service needs to show that there is still physical isolation in the be very greatly extended and greatly strength- mountains. In over sixty counties less than a ened. third of the farms are located on improved roads.

Of all the racial groups with which Protestant To anyone who has ever ridden over unimproved mission agencies have had contact through the roads in the mountains this speaks volumes. On years doubtless the least progress has been made 30% of the farms the total value of all farm with the Jews. Much has been written concern- products sold, traded, or used is less than $400 ing the importance of developing the Christian per year per farm. For sixteen townships, the approach to the Jewish people. They are an im- average per farm is $25'7. Let any housewife pressively influential element of our national life. figure how far $257 a year in cash or farm prod- They are widely scattered, being found in consid- ucts could be made to go for the support of a large erable numbers in almost every city and large family. Typical public school conditions are still town in the country. It is conceded that very below average in the mountains. In seven coun- many of them have no more than a nominal at- ties, over one-fifth of the children of public school tachment, if that, to the church of their fathers. age do not attend school. In twenty-three coun- Today, as always, the general attitude of the ties, three-fourths or more of those of high school Christian Church toward the Jews is as great an age are not in school. Eleven counties show an obstacle in the way of the Christian ministry to illiteracy rate of 7% or more among children 10 them as is their attitude toward the Christian to 20 years of age. In seventeen counties the Church. average school year covers less than 135 days. In Almost any of the other distinctive racial two whole states more than one-half of the teach- groups in America would serve as an illustration ers in public school have had no more than high of the need that still remains for the pioneer school education.

extension of missionary work. The national con- . In the West Indies ference, held last winter, on evangelical work among the Italians was an impressive demonstra- A recent volume of the Foreign Policy Associa- tion of the substantial progress which had been tion on "Problems of the New Cuba," gives a made and of the splendid leadership which had vivid picture of difficulties to be duplicated in been developed. But it equally demonstrated the other West Indian islands. This study, while size and importance of the work remaining to be showing the great progress that has been made done. The same could be said of the annual con- in many fields since the formation of the Republic, ·ferences of the Council of Spanish-speaking Work. piles up the evidence of pressing economic, educa- There is justifiable satisfaction in the program tional, health, and welfare needs. Half of the sponsored by the Council of Women for Home population are illiterate. The general standard Missions for service among migrant workers. of living is low and fluctuating. Economic prob- But the satisfaction must be tempered by the lems are complicated and difficult. A summary of realization that of the estimated number of chil- case studies of forty~one typical families showed

that only seven had a total annual income in cash A Frontier of Ideas and Ideals and in goods in excess of $500. Ten families showed annual incomes of less than $300. Finally, there is a frontier of ideas and ideals of which home missions must continue to take ac- Similar citations could be made with respect count. An eminent preacher said recently: to many other large groups within the home mission field. The plain fact is that millions of peo- Scientific knowledge has its limits, not temporarily but ple, quite aside from the emergency of unemploy- permanently. There are areas of our experience where ment, are living below a reasonable sustenance life essentially is and always must be an adventure into level, and that no possible extension of govern- the unknown. The chief value of knowledge is not that mental service can be expected wholly to meet it makes everything certain, but that it constitutes a their needs for the facilities of normal living. frontier backed by vast resources from which expeditions into the unknown may hopefully set out. These things have a bearing upon the service ministry of home missions. Even moreunmis- Home missions has had a value in the Church takable is the case for its evangelistic ministry. Every study of the church situation in America over and above the value of its specific accomhas indicated the uneven degree of success in winning to Christian fellowship the inhabitants of plishments in that it has kept alive the importance different sections and different types of communities. Even more significantly such studies have of' certain great human and religious questions. demonstrated the insecurity and the inadequacy of the churches upon'which many people depend. It has been a concrete demonstration of the The recent volume by Drs. Douglass and Brunner, "The Protestant Church as a Social Institution," Church's concern for human welfare in the broadreveals the fact that the average church both in city and country is below the point of effective- est and most fundamental sense of that term. ness in program, leadership, financial strength and membership. It is pointed out that between Really to apprehend and accept the full signifi- 1,000 and 1,500 rural churches are abandoned every year and that many of these are in commu~ cance of the missionary movement implies comnities which do not receive adequate service from any other existing churches. Thus the rural mitment to the principles of social justice and areas continguous to most cities and towns, the economically retarded areas, generally, and many universal brotherhood. It is still too true that thousands of scattered rural neighborhoods in all parts of the country, are deprived of effective many people are held back in their advancement Christian leadership and service. by handicaps for which they have not been respon- sible and which they cannot overcome unaided.

Many are the victims of arbitrary and unChris- tian discriminations. One Christian mission to America is not completed by preaching the Gospel and by the performance of kindly services for those who are in need-important as these are.

It would not be completed thus, even if all indi- vidual Americans were nominally won to an ac- ceptance of Christian discipleship. Implicit in the task is the making Christian of our collective life and beyond that the christianizing of our total influence as a nation in the world. This frontier of ideas and ideals lies all around us.

Here, then, are four Louisiana aspects of the frontier Purchase which still persist. They do not wear quite the same face as in genera- Ceded by in tions past. They have Mexico different symbols and 1848 must be met with differ- 1 7 8 g e n t measures, but to as great a degree as ever in the past they demand from the C h u r c h of.

Christ a pioneering en- LATER ADDITIONS thusiasm, an unquench- Alaska Territory able zeal and an uncon- Hawaii and Guam Puerto Rico quering faith. The Philippines Virgin Islands, W. I.

"CHARACTER MAKES CITIZENSHIP – RELIGION BUILDS CHARACTER"

was the slogan of the St. John's Lutheran Church School in the civic parade at Allentown, Pennsylvania.

Thirteen nationalities were represented in. national costumes.

The Problem of Unassimilated Americans By the REV. W. C. SCHAEFFER, Allentown, Pa.

Pastor of the St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church T HE presence of the foreigner among us to agitation and incitement to violence that aim again raises an issue that is acute. Sentiment at the destruction of constitutional government and interest in this matter advance and re- and at the overthrow of our institutions. Sixteen cede in waves. For years the attitude is one of such agencies under long range direction by the apathy or aloofness and then suddenly some crisis Russian Soviet are said to be operating here and shocks us to awareness of.the number, vigor and a sharp curb should be put on radicalism foment- origins of our newer immigrants. In times of ed from alien sources. Confirmed terrorists also danger or distress unassimiIated groups are held offer a knotty problem that cannot be handled in suspicion as a menace or a burden and great softly.

need arises for the exercise of fairness and right Moreover the crisis created by non-employment judgment. seems greatly intensified by the unassimilated The many angles to this question defy identical mass of foreign population. Much capital has treatment. Some phases call for highly special- been made of the use of the uncanny coincidence ized skills of trained experts in government de- that the number of unnaturalized aliens plus the partments. None of us are for unbridled license illegal entrants, 5,748,760, equals roughly the [271 ]

total number of our unemployed workers.. These It was in answer to the world's great need that figures can be repeated carelessly enough to imply the Son of God came as the world's Saviour. that the sole responsibility for the present unem.- ployment situation rests with this group. Need offers the challenge to the Church to strengthen rather than reduce the ministering In any case certainly the cure does nQtlie in forces. Jesus' word is "the whole need not a precipitate action making for nominal citizenship. physician but they that are sick." Not survival This high privilege should be sought only on the basis of mature judgment and conviction, a mat- but conquest is the fit slogan of the Church. ter of character not of expediency. Pressure A first approach can be based on that which is directed from any other motive will work disastrously. Isaac F. Marcosson said recently, best in the background of the groups to be influ- enced. Many foreigners who do not impress us Although millions of aliens refrain from assuming the even as literate because of their struggle· with a strange language can order their thoughts coherobligations of citizenship because of indifference or lack ently, have a highly developed sense of apprecia- of conviction, which makes for divided loyalty, others are tion in music and art. Indeed a frequent obstacle is encountered in their loss of respect because glad to do so because of the ~irage of easy money. Since many customs current here run counter to supe- the agitation for the Townsend plan, naturalization of- ficers, particularly in California, have done a booming rior customs prevalent in the old world. In the mind of many aliens culture is more important business with sixty-year and older aliens eager to get under the Utopian umbrella. The prospect of $200 a month for the rest of their lives is obviously a far more than outward acctimmulation which is too gener- ally accepted as a symbol of success among us. potent lure to citizenship than safety and succor under Their filial obedience and'fiqelity in religious obthe American flag. . servance often rise. up ito shame us. In many centers Young Women's' GhristianAssociations have done a noble work. . Groups of fo;reigners are encouraged to give expression "in folk. f~sti­ vals and homeland exhibits to that whicp is p()te~…

and characteristic racially. Often these are liIiked with exhibits of production here that mak~ easy the transition in thought from their native home to the home of their adoption. .

But much more is needed to knit into our na- tional fabric the lives of our new Americans. This is a matter of character and character is the fruit of religion. This is the business of the Church. The point of contact here is in the ris- FOREIGN BORN PREPARING FOR NATURALIZATION ing generation. In the old world, because of the prevalence in most countries of the es,tablished Despite all these difficulties it is amazing how church, religious instruction is incorporated in the most of them dissolve under the application the scheme of general education. We do not have of faith. The problem is largely one of penetra- this in America and we do not want it. But in tion into the isolation of these people's separate our system of education we are under a queer existence and this is the purpose of Christianity. obsession in our interpretation of the principles The crux is not in the barriers raised by the of the founders. Their idea of religious freedom communities of foreigners as much as in the reluctance to function on the part of the people whose was a freedom to cultivate faith and piety. We very business is goodwill. In every community exercise our freedom to neglect faith and piety. where there are foreigners there are churches; As Dr. Butler said last December in his address these churches should constantly be exerting the to the trustees of Columbia University, "So far spirit of interest and helpfulness and serVice that as tax supported schools are concerned, an odd becomes a bond of union and leads to oneness of ideals, aspirations and desires. situation has arisen. The separation of Church and State is fundamental in our American politi- This calls for much reconstruction of thought on the part of the followers of Christ. It is the cal order, but so far as religious instruction is rep:r-oach of Protestant churches that they retreat concerned, this principle has been so far departed under the pressure of need in adversely-changing from as to put the whole force and influence of environments. This is reversing the Divine order. the tax-supported school on the side of one ele- ment of the population-namely that which is pagan and believes in no religion wha,tever . . . The school would. refrain from religious instruc- tion of any type, but it would also cease from a

THE PROBLEM OF UNASSIMILATED AMERICANS

policy which now makes it impossible for the song was arranged to which the children invited family or the church to put religious instruction their parents. A beginning was made with an upon its true basis." Then Dr. Butler declared old-fashioned magic lantern; then a balopticon that the allotment of a definite time for religious was secured; then a silent/ motion picture proteaching away from the school building would jector and now improved sound for a community lead parents and children "to look upon religious night that repeats its program three times and instruotion as vitally important and as constitut- attracts three thousand people. This community ing an essential part of the process of education." night has built up a Sunday church night which We record the solemn conviction that the real draws many of the same audience, and in which menace in America is not in the limited group of familiar visual projection aides are used for the agitators of violence but in the ever-growing hymns and even for portions of the liturgical number of the rising generation, estimated today service. In these ways a whole community of at about seventeen million, whose lives are un- divergent and often hostile elements has been reached by any positive religious influence whom brought together in the spirit of understanding we are yielding up as legitimate prey for exploita- and goodwill. tion. In their hands rests the destiny of our country. Incidentally the life of the church. becomes transformed. Instead of an ailing, anemic church Our foreign population need not be a liability there grows a vigorous, flourishing church. There but an asset. In one great industrial center this are the verve and zest of an enthusiasm that is has been demonstrated in an experiment running born only in engagement in a redemptive task over the past sixteen years. A congregation that and mission. Standards of sacrifice and generosfound itself in the midst of a rapidly-changing ity are set that deepen spirituality and widen the environment made a survey of the pupils in the sphere of influence. A church school whose spirit public school located in the same block with the ordinarily is as dryas dust rises on a tide of church and was amazed to learn that its enroll- youthful devotion. The very neglected groups set ment embraced twenty-two nationalities. Among a tempo for action and movement that changes a the elementary pupils 157 were found who never staid and discouraged congregation into a lifeattended any church school. A weekday school giving source of energy and power. of religion was organized for intensive training in Christian life and leadership on the basis of a This is the Church's contribution to the soluthorough-going study of God's Word. In the first tion of our country's greatest problem. Ours is year the roster of students embraced seventeen nationalities as follows: American, English, Ger- the unenviable reputation of being the most lawman, Italian, Hungarian, Slavish, Austrian, Jew- less nation on earth. Crime cost in excess of ish, Negro, Lithuanian, Russian, Czecho-Slovak- twelve billion dollars last year. Each year we ian, Polish, Hellenic, Irish, French and Swiss. have about twelve thousand homicides, a thousand This school has grown in influence until now there a month. In 1933 over 350,000 persons were comare some 869 pupils enrolled with a faculty staff of mitted to penal institutions, the majority of whom 46 members with daily operation on released time were young .men who never had any religious from the public school. There are approved chan- training. Perhaps some people come by crime nels for registering self-expression in behavior, stUdiousness, witnessing, stewardship and serv- honestly. Nearly all crime can be controlled at ice. Among the teachers each year are fourteen the source by a new conception and a new directo sixteen college students who have the ministry tion being given to growing life. This is the in view and who acquire an invaluable training essence of the mission of Christianity. that will enable them in the future to face with a sense of ease and mastery the grave problems Our day needs a new and vivid interpretation confronting the Church today. It has been proved of Pentecost. Before the Spirit descended on that the one unanswerable argument that can be Peter his speech lacked something. It was wholly put into the mouth of youth today with which provincial. He cowered with dread under the to meet the criticism aimed at the Church is a taunt of a maidservant who challenged him with, changed life, a rich, full life in Christ. "Surely thou art a Galilean for thy speech betray- eth thee." But after Pentecost Peter's language Early in this experience it was learned that it struck a universal note, "Behold, are not all these is not enough to lift children for an hour or two which speak Galileans? And how hear we every a week out of an environment into which they man in our own tongue, wherein we were born? sink back only to revert to type. This was like Parthians, and Medes, and Elamites, and the bailing out a bucketful only for the flood of waters dwellers in Mesopotamia, and in Judea, and Capto pour in again. An evening of pictures and padocia, in Pontus, and Asia . . ." There is one universal language. It is the language of the heart, of love-God's love in Christ.

versus the "Isms"

By REV. GAlUS GLENN ATKINS, D.D., Auburn, New York Author of "Modern Religious Cults and MOtJements," etc.

"ISM" is no word at all, only three letters- It is easy to make all this too remote and the- neither verb, noun, adjective nor adverb- ological, but the practical bearing is plain. Un- just a suffix, and yet a good dictionary has less there is something detached from our con- trouble enough telling what it does to the words fusions, perplexities, even our most promising to which it is added. It changes an act to a programs, we are simply lost in our own fog.

process, a· condition to a theory, a quality to a There is all about us an entangling play of inter- peculiarity, the specific to the general and a prin- ests, each one of which wants to use everything ciple or a program to a state of mind. Finally we else for its own ends, no one of which is ample make a poor, indefinite kind of noun out of it and enough or final enough for the meanings and des- write or talk about "isms," usually to condemn tiny of life. The Church reflects this. It has them, unless they happen to be our favorite shaped so much of its life to fit the patterns of "isms." There can never have been more of this this or that order. An entangled Church cannot than just now. One has only to begin to make a speak to a world of hates and fears and hopes as list of the "ism" words in current use to find that it ought. But Jesus Christ can. For the sake of out. The list would include politics, economics, what is timeless and divine Christianity must not sociology, religion, the whole field of contempora- be captured by lesser interests, used for "ism"

neous thought and action, and before one finished ends.

it there would be a new one. The list itself would Its supreme service is to approach life from the represent the confusions and the quests of a con- outside and from above. And for the sake of our fused and questing time – our present general human interests, it must not permit itself to be state of mind. confined by any social, political or economic pat- Christianity is caught in it all, unescapably. tern. Its mission has always been to save them Christianity has always had enough "isms" of its from themselves. There are ways of living and own. It still has many of the old ones and many working together through which the essential disturbing new ones, or else the old have simply spirit of Christ can express itself better than changed their clothes. It is also involved in the others. No doubt of that. It cannot, we are be- social, political and economic confusions as never ginning to see, be true to itself in many aspects before. Some deny it (a stronger word is really of what we now call capitalism. Some would go needed), some use it, a few are trying to capture much farther. That soulless system, they say, is it. What can it do? What ought it to do? No alien and hostile to the corporate expression of the one can answer those questions finally at present, Christian spirit. Militant nationalism is even least of all in the limits of a brief article. more profoundly impossible for a real Christian- 1. Christianity must, I think, keep above and ity, militarism is utterly un-Christian. But apart from any of them. It is more than anyone Christianity is more than the putting an end to of them; it is more than all of them together- any or all of these.

even when they are friendly and offer themselves There are defensible ideals of a Christian social as fulfillments of the Christian way and spirit. order which have much in common with Socialism, It has a nature and authority above the changing even with the wide and fraternal sharing of re- tides. Any historian would say that Christianity source and production, which lies behind Com- has been an outstanding aspect of Western civ- munism-if the word could be disinfected. But ilization. The Christian historian maintains that for Christianity-to identify itself with these or it has been the pUlsing heart force of Western any form of them. is for it to surrender its mis- civilization. But Christianity is more than any sions and cease to be itself.

civilization. It is the judgment bar of civiliza- II. Christianity has the secret of the inner tions and their final control. It is not history unity which is the conditIon of escape from any speaking to God. It is God through His revelation confusion, deliverance from any "ism." Actually in Jesus Christ speaking to history. they are all marginal. Some of them in the gen- [274 ] eral field of Western religion are a ravelling out IV. Above all we need power, constant, sus- of Christianity itself. They take marginal aspects taining and enough. I would not thresh old straw; of it and make them central (plenty of illustra- but suppose we got what the most humanely gen- tions). They make a new patchwork fabric of its erous, wise and far-seeing of our social programs loose threads. Others are this or that half-truth. are after. What will sustain them beneath the So:rp.e of them oppose interest to interest, class to enormous weight of our sins and our stupidities, class, nation to nation. And most disastrously of the inertias of our habits and self-interests and, all they get into our own inside lives of faitp and above all, the resurgence of what in us is unsocial motivation and divide us ourselves into warring and hungry for power? Can we do it by the laws camps. we ourselves pass? Can we use our own au- Then in thought and deeds and words ~e pro- thority against ourselves? Well, maybe, to a de- ject this inner confusion into all our human order. gree, but there is no guarantee in that, nor in our Here more than anywhere else is the secret of all unregenerated human nature.

our confusion. The real point of departure for This is not begging a disputed question with an any deliverance must be from within the soul. evangelical phrase or offering one solution for all Here Christianity meets all the "isms." They are our problems. It goes deeper. When everything sectarian; it is catholic. They are divisive; it is said and 80 many futile things done, only should unite. They are marginal; it is central. changed men can change the world. They may They work in from the outside; Christianity works and do need to change the machinery through from the soul out. This involves far more than which they work. They need to find channels Christian unity. It involves unity in Christ, be- proper to the flow of their regenerate spirits. But ginning with the divided soul and ending with a they need power to go on, to bear, to believe, to world seamed and broken like a lava field after an hope. They need motivations which reach beyond earthquake. the present to deal with the present. They need something beyond themselves even to be them- III.. Christianity supplies the correction of the selves. partial; half-truths – or less; half-faiths – or worse; half-deliverances – or no deliverances at If there is any empowerment outside Christianall. That centrally is the weakness of every ity to do all this, those who know where and what "ism"; it is never enough. It makes one pro- it is must make their case. They have history gram, one understanding of life and God the whole against them. It may be said, must be said, that thing. And it asks us to take all our noble capac- Christianity has never found or even sought a ity for loyalty and devote it to-just itself. Na- full channel for its power, used it partially and tionalism does that everywhere. Communism through its partial use of its divine enduement does it in Russia, Socialism would like to do it. left a place for the "isms." But it has the Power Like Isaiah's image-maker, any "ism" boils the -and it is nowhere else. When we have seen the pot with one end of its idol-stuff and makes a god Cross for all it is and means and does, the Power of the other. There is no denying the intensity is there. of devotion which may thus be secured, but its very intensity burns it out and in the end defeats *** the very object of it. These points are general but they are capable One cannot even criticize justly, creatively, the of precise, definite application to every aspect of twisting, turning, questing movements of a time what the "isms"-any "ism"-of our over "ismlike ours unless he has a sovereign control from ed" world-stand for. Christianity has an office which and by which to criticize them. Some of above them, detached from them. It approaches the most brilliant of our critics are like people them with the authority of its revelations of God who would criticize a merry-go-round while rid- in Jesus Christ. And without that we are lost in ing its wooden horses. They do no more than our own confusions.

change their mount and criticize the horse they He and He alone can supply' the inner unity were just riding, from 'the next one in front of it which will save us from our divided selves and or behind it. No wonder we keep going round in their issue in a divided world order. Christianity a circle.. I know this is a loose statement but I opposes the complete to the partial, and alone has know equally that it has in it a fact which to our the authority of corre~tion. .

peril we neglect; that Christianity has in it the Christ can supply the power without which even whole truth and the whole authority without what is wisest and most promising cannot main- which we cannot see how partial everything else tain itself. In the Realm of God we find the Di- is and without which we have no place to stand if vine Order, transcending any human order, the we seek no more than to see our world steadily, only revelation which lends object and meaning to see it whole and to see it against the back- to the brief stages of our pilgrimages here-and- grounds of the will of God. now.

New Day and the Old

By REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa. )ne– Author of "Old Things New," etc.

CHRISTIANITY has had to fight for its life clean hands and sensible speech (is to draw near)"; or, in every age. It has never had an easy again, "He who is pure from all stain, conscious of no sin time. It has had to defend itself in every in his soul, and living an honorable and just life (may generation. After the early Christians had ac- approach)." Such is the cry of those who promise puricepted the call to die for Christ during the martyr fication from sins. But let us now hear what sort of centuries they were afterwards challenged to people these Christians invite. "Anyone who is a sinner," think for Christ in the creedal centuries. For they say, "or foolish, or simple-minded-in short, any un- Christianity is not only a way of life but a way of fortunate will be accepted by the Kingdom of God." By thought and it will not endure as a way of life if "sinner" is meant an unjust person, a thief, a burglar, a it fails to maintain its supremacy as a way of poisoner, a sacrilegious man, or a robber of corpses. Why, if you wanted an assembly of robbers, these are just the sort of people you would summon!

thought. Commenting on this statement, Harnack says: We are constantly speaking as if we lived in a "Here Celsus has stated, as lucidly as one could desire, the cardinal difference between Christiannew world. It is only superficially so. The real problems of life are the same today as in the day ity and ancient religion." Christianity met huof St. Paul and no one can face the conditions of manity where its needs were the greatest and, early Church history without feeling at home. where no other religion could succeed, the Gospel Indeed there is high encouragement when the his- wrought out its redemptive work. It asked for no privileges. It met humanity in whatever contory of the early Church is studied from the point dition it found it and brought to it salvation. It of view of our modern world. It was against had no special message for the rich or the culgreat odds that Christianity made its way. How tu}."ed; neither had it any special message for the it was able to win victories in circumstances and ignorant or the poor but to every man, as a man, conditions so adverse has always been a problem. Christ was offered as the one and only Saviour.

The 'secret of the triumphal march of Chris- There is hidden away in the record of the progtianity has eluded the best historians. In his ress of the Gospel the simple statement, "The dis- ciples were called 'Christians' first in Antioch." "History of the Rise and Fall of the Roman Em- That indeed was a victory! Antioch was the third pire," Gibbon set forth five reasons, namely: the city in the world, Rome and Alexandria alone surzeal of the Christians, their doctrine of immor- passing it. It held a population of half a million. tality, the working of miracles, the moral stand- Situated on the slope of Mount Silpius, with the ards of Christians, and the privilege of political broad navigable river Orontes at its feet, a bouleparticipation. Dr. T. R. Glover, with the insight vard five miles long, paved, not with asphalt or of a great Christian, says that Christianity out- cobble stones, but with the purest of white marble. lived, out-died, and out-thought the pagan world. Surrounded by a wall that clung like a natural It is open to anyone to discover the secret for barrier to the mountain eminence that overhimself. The facts are spread before us in the shadowed the city, it was a place of dreamy pages of the New Testament and it may be inter- beauty-with flowering trees, statues, colonnades, esting and helpful when there is bewilderment and bridges, baths, basilicas, villas, theatres and luxconfusion if the causes for the triumph of the ury, culture, beauty, pleasure, commerce, pagan- Gospel in the early Church be set down. ism, barbarism, superstition and heathen religion mingled there In all the rich luxuriance of the' First of all the early Church proclaimed a G()S- East. It was the melting pot of the nations. The pel. The leaders heralded a Gospel which in its immigration problem was at its crisis in Antioch, highest sense was redemptive. It dealt with sin; but it was there that Paul planted the Cross and personal sin, social sin, sin against God, and it made those laughter-loving people stand at attenpromised recovery. It made no concessions and entered into no compromises. No better statement can be found than that given in the attack upon Christianity by Celsus. This is what he said: Those who invite people to participate in other soIemni- tion. There were no Alps to Napoleon and there ties, make the following proclamation: "He who hath are and can be no obstacles to the Gospel of Jesus [276 ] Christ save in the faithless allegiance of His fol- even after the centuries have passed; the stand- lowers. ard of virtue for men and women. Writing be- Furthermore the early Church cultivated the fore 200 A. D., Clement of Alexandria made this spirit of aggressive evangelism. One hears the announcement: "Our judgment is that the virtue marching past of many feet as he opens the pages of man and woman is one and the same. For, if of the New Testament and follows the history of the. God of both is one, the instructor of both is the early Church. Start in anywhere and we hear also one; one Church, one temperate self-control, the marching of an unorganized multitude going one modesty, common food, marriage an equal forth to its work. Occasionally a sentence is yoke; breath, sight, hearing, knowledge, hope, dropped which reveals what is going on; a sen- obedience, love – all things are alike to them.

tence such as this: "The disciples were every- Those whose life is common have also a common where scattered abroad and went about preaching grace and a common salvation; their virtue and the Word." They had no set method, nor organ- their training are alike."

ized plan. They needed none, for a living faith Anyone who reads the Acts or the Epistles in requires no .fixed method. For centuries this pas- the New Testament will realize that faith was sion for evangelism burned like a flame in the never a substitute for good deeds and that the heart of the Christian Church. Everything was discipline of the Church in relation to moral be- informal, impersonal, and men and women spoke havior was rigorously severe. It has always been the message of Eternal Life to neighbors, ac- true of Christianity, where it has been proclaimed quaintances and friends. They were not content in its purity that personal and social morality, to abide at home but travelled far inland in order followed as a natural fruit of the Christian life.

that the message might have free course and be It was Catherine Booth of the Salvation Army glorified. Origen, writing shortly after 200 A. D., who said to her followers before her death: "We said: "Christians do all in their power to spread will go in more and more for righteousness." It the faith all over the world. Some of them ac- is this same demand which is disturbing the con- cordingly make it the business of their life to science of the world today. The Spirit of Christ wander not only from city to city but from town- is moving through the Church demanding a higher ship to township and village to village in order standard of moral living not only personal but as to gain fresh converts for the Lord." In his related to everything in life, industry, politics, "Church History" Eusebius announces the same education; we will not go successfully forward truth: "Very many of the disciples of that age until the Church challenges the world by a new (pupils of the apostles) whose heart had been standard of personal and social righteousness.

ravished by the divine Word with a burning love One thing more – early Christianity was unfor philosophy (i. e., asceticism), had first ful- compromising. While it had the power of adaptfilled the command of the Saviour and divided ability, nevertheless it was unwavering in its detheir goods among the needy. Then they set out mand that every knee should bow to Christ. Chrison long journeys, performing the office of evan- tianity received, as through tributaries from gelists, eagerly striving to preach Christ to those every direction, the currents that came flowing in who as yet had never heard the word of faith, and from many lands; but all down through the years to deliver to them the holy gospels." Every Chris- it kept its purity and its uniqueness. At the same tian was an evangelistic missionary. Everything time it assimilated to itself modes and customs was personal and life-giving and everywhere the and languages, transforming them, utilizing them, principle was verified that one loving heart sets baptizing them into the message and meaning of all the world on fire. There is no substitute for the Gospel. What it did with customs and lanevangelism even in our sophisticated modern world and again it will return in power. guages it did ,also with diverse nationalities. It A third quality which is discernible among the lifted up into its own unique fellowship men of all early Christians was their moral earnestness. On races and of all nationalities. Here at last, from every page it is recorded that the early Chris- out of racial hatred and national isolation of the tians demanded not ecstasy and enthusiasm, but ancient world, Parthians and Medes and Elamites honest-hearted virtue and supreme moral values. and the dwellers in Mesopotamia and in Judea, The fruit of the Spirit, said Paul, is not ecstasy Jews and Greeks, Cretans and Arabians, but "love, joy, peace, long suffering, gentleness, heard in their own tongue the mighty works of goodness, faith, meekness, temperance." Every- God. It repudiated barriers of nationality; it where and always Christianity has stood for moral claimed humanity as its field and the communion regeneration, for a clean life, for the stricest sort table became the social center of a world-wide of honesty, purity and undefiled righteousness. fellowship.

Take, for example, one issue that is still debated We are being told today that if Christianity is

to endure it must pool its interests with other reli- That inference is not new. Modern perplexity gions; that in order to ward off the attack of god- repeats the age-old problem. The Church of the lessness we must make common cause with all Roman Empire faced it under vastly more allurother faiths. We are told that it is the whole ing circumstances but the Christians of that day line that is endangered and not only the Christian refused to compromise. Instead of lowering the salient. It is a massed attack upon the whole standard of the Cross they lifted it higher. In spiritual concept of life. It is proclaimed on every the words of Dr. William Kemp Lowther Clarke hand that the inherent goodness of man can work of Cambridge, a very competent historical scholar: out his own destiny; that we do not need to postulate God; He is a projection of our wish-think- Had the Church really conformed to Gentile patterns ing. Prayer is defined as emotional release; sin there would have been no persecutions. Paganism had no is called an inferiority complex. Conversion is objection to welcoming Jesus into the Pantheon. But just looked upon as infantile regression. Religion is because Christianity continued true to its Jewish origin, diagnosed as pathological. Walter Lippmann it was fanatically intolerant of rival creeds. For this readramatizes the letting down of the curtain upon son the early Church is an unattractive spectacle to many the great Scenario. He is not happy about the modern men, for whom there is no absolute truth, no final end but he wants to be honest. To many who religion; but because of this the Church survived the were in the audience, he writes: break-up of civilization whereas its mighty rivals have passed away from the memory of all but professional It is now evident that they have seen a play, a mag- scholars. nificent play, one of the most sublime ever created by the human imagination, but nevertheless a play, and not a It is not the modern world or the new age that literal account of human destiny. They know it was a challenges the old Gospel. It is the Gospel that play. They have lingered long enough to see the scene- challenges our age. And a deeper reading of hisshifters at work. The painted drop is half rolled up; tory will tell us that Christ is at work in our world some of the turrets of the celestial city can still be seen, and because His Spirit is at work the waters are and part of the choir of angels. But behind them, plainly troubled and many are afraid. There are things visible, are the struts and gears which held in place what we prize that our children may commit to the under a gentler light looked like the boundaries of the uni- wastebasket but the faith of the New Testament verse. They are only human fears and human hopes, and will not be among them. John Masefield gives an bits of antique science and half-forgotten history, and sym- interview between Longinus-the traditional name bols here and there of experiences through which some in each generation pass. of the Roman centurion who had charge of the crucifixion and whose words "truly this was a Because the foundations of all faith are being righteous man" are found in the Gospel-and Proundermined the inference drawn by some is that cula, the traditional name of Pilate's wife who there should be a consolidation of all spiritual sought to save Jesus from the Cross. At the close forces in order to maintain a religious interpreta- of the day when the crucifixion was at an end, tion of life. This is part of the appeal of "Re- Longinus came to give in his report to Pilate. thinking Missions." The argument runs: When it was ended Procula called the centurion aside and asked him to tell her how Jesus had It is no longer, Which prophet? or Which book? It is died. The centurion told the story calmly and whether any prophet, book, revelation, rite, church, is to then Procula said to him: be trusted. All the old oracles are seeing a new sign: the scorn on the faces of students who know the experiments "So you think He is dead?" in anti-religion in Russia and nonreligion in Turkey, and :the actual religionlessness of much western life. The chief "No, lady, I don't," Longinus replied. foe of these oracles is not Christianity, but the anti-religious element of the philosophies of Marx, Lenin, Russell. "Then where is He," said Procula. The case that must now be stated is the case for any religion at all…. Thus it is that Christianity finds itself "Let loose in the world, lady," Longinus replied, in point of fact aligned. in this world-wit.le issue with the "where neither Roman nor Jew can stop His non-Chrstian faiths of Asia. truth."

Seek ye first the kingdom of God, and all these things shall be added unto you. Luke 12: 31.

Such is the promise; how about the fact? Look back over your life. Have you sought first the extension of God's rule and the incorporation into your own life of His righteousness?

If so, have you in a life of consecrated service actually suffered from want?

"When I sent you forth without purse, or script, or shoes," says the Master, "lacked ye anything?" Like them we must answer, "Nothing." Has one promise of the Lord, in which you rested in faith, failed you? Imagination may picture to us possible want in the future; but when memory draws the scenes on the canvas of the past, she witnesses that, to all His Word, He is faithful that promised. ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

OLD MOUNTAIN HOME NEAR PITTMAN CENTER, TENNESSEE PITTMAN CENTER, WHERE MOUNTAINEERS ARE

Transforming a Gap in the Mountains By JAYS. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa. -.~ Director of the Bureau of Publicity, Board of Home Missions, }5t— Methodist Episcopal Church MORE than twenty years ago a home mis- the big world the story was told, friends became sionary wandered into a lonely mountain interested, and after some years things began region some miles from Sevierville, Ten- to happen. nessee. To reach his destination, he had been Human welfare is closely associated with buildobliged to cross and recross a turbulent mountain ings. The first building was erected in this gap.

stream and to pick his way over and around boul- Nothing like it had ever been seen in those Tenders, stumps, ruts, and other impediments which nessee mountains. It was tall, long, and broad; had accumulated over a long period of years, dur- in it were many rooms in which many sorts of ing which ·nature and a rather sluggish mountain helpful activities could be carried on. The build- folk had done little to change the tenor of a life ing was more than a school, for it was a place of which was already one hundred years behind that recreation, a church, and, in the best sense, a in the world outside. There was much of igno- community center. Many who had never before rance, a great deal of superstition, and a general seen so large a building came from the cracks and feeling that things were what they were and that crannies of the mountain to share in the pro- there was little that could be done about the mat- grams, the like of which they had never before ter. There was a type of religion, but of the experienced. Gradually there began to grow up crudest sort, and its leaders were uncouth and around this imposing building neat but smaller untutored. Moonshining prevailed and frequent structures where workers could live and where violence was expected. Many boys and girls were other programs could be carried on.

growing up with no education and even those who One of these new buildings was a medical cenattended the crude mountain schools got but a few ter, and, before long, a doctor was placed in weeks of indifferent attention each year from a charge of the medical program. From time al- relatively untrained teacher. most immemorial, the people. in these mountains Such a situation was enough to stir the hardest had been born, lived, and died without any proheart, but it did more than that in the. sympathetic fessional medical attention. A nurse was emmIssIOnary. It aroused his deepest sympathies ployed and traveled up the streams, carrying her and his most profound interest. Something had ministry of health to people who had never known to be done, but the resources of mountain cabins, what a nurse was intended to do. Boys and girls where regular cash incomes were almost un- and men and women were found to be suffering known, were not sufficient to meet the need. In from all sorts of unnecessary diseases; there was [279 ]

ignorance concerning the most rudimentary laws fruit, but the mountaineers did not know how of health; the death rate was amazingly high, to take advantage of their opportunities. Acand nothing but an equally amazing large birth cordingly, apple trees and other fruit trees, serate kept the population from extinction. Opera- cured for a few cents each, were made available tions needed to be performed and chronic phys- for planting. That was not many years ago and ical ailments were cured. In order that the moun- yet today thousands of bushels of apples are pro- duced in that territory where, a few years ago, DR. THOMAS INOCULATING SCHOOL CHILDREN AT there was almost no fruit. Similar improvements PITTMAN CIDNTER, TENNESSEE were carried on in the growing of tomatoes and various garden vegetables. This development may tain people might not feel that they were recip- be traced directly to the missionary who had. a ients of charity, a charge was made for this vision. medical service, although cash payments were often not possible, and the pay came in the form It was discovered that the mountain women had of the simple products which the mountaineer considerable skill in the weaving of rugs and the could raise on his own few acres, or could capture making of baskets and in other lines of handicraft. by use of his gun in the woods. A great new day These' home industries were developed and a began to dawn up and down the creeks along market was found for the products. As a result, which the mountain people usually live. The mis- thousands of dollars have come into the commusionary was not content with a well organized edu- nity from the outside world for these hand-made cational program and a medical ministry, added to products. the religious ministry which provided reverent worship, religious training for boys and girls and Community pride was stimulated in many ways, a continuous pastoral ministry in the mountain but perhaps in no way more effectively than by homes. the promotion of the annual fair for which people from the mountains worked for months. Home- It did not require a Solomon to arrive at the grown vegetables were exhibited and housewives conclusion that, to a considerable extent, the inadequate economic opportunities of the people ac- ENCOURAGING MOUNTAIN HANDICRAFT AT PITTMAN CENTER counted for the distressing conditions. It was not possible to move these mountain people from their homes and from the little mountain homesteac;ls which they had come to love. But there were things that could be done. Most of the mountain folk had one or more cows, but these were often of a low grade, so that the milk supply was poor. The missionary began to take steps toward the improvement of the cattle strain and very marked progress was made. A similar plan was followed with pigs and chickens, so that the old razorback hog, always an unprofitable creature, became well-nigh extinct. Broods of fine pullets were loaned and the pay taken in a part of the proceeds so that before long a better grade of poultry was found around mountain cabins. The mountainsides were well adapted to the raising of

ITINERANT MINISTRIES IN REMOTE PLACES

vied with each other in preparing the most beau- It might be possible to give figures concerning tiful displays of canned vegetables and fruits. the number of young people who have attended Pamphlets were obtained from the Government and graduated from this school; to point out the in order that the best methods of canning might number of home calls made by the visiting nurse; be used. Many of the products of mountain to list the number of babies ushered into the homes, such as rugs, coverlets, baskets, and the world by a trained doctor; to count the number like were also displayed at these fairs. of diseased tonsils removed; to estimate the tons of foodstuffs produced; to enumerate the number Next attention was given to roads and today, of persons who have joined the church or proinstead of wandering about through the bed of fessed conversion in the religious meetings held, the stream and crossing and recrossing through or to set down many other tables of facts which the water, as one approaches this gap in the could be assembled concerning this work. But mountain, we can drive over a good road ang none of them by themselves nor all of them toreach our destination in relative comfort. gether, can quite tell the story, for the life that this humble home missionary, with his assistants, The enterprise was given the name of Pittman has brought into the dark caverns of the moun- Center from one of its chief benefactors. To an tains, is something beyond ordinary tabulation. outsider there is nothing particularly romantic, It can only be written in the Book of Life itself, poetic or imposing about the name, but it means and when that is written, the -story of the Tennesmuch to those who have watched Pittman Center see mountains must have a very important chapgrow during the past fifteen years and to those ter devoted to Pittman Center and to the Rev. who have shared in its ministry. To thousands J. S. Burnett, a missionary of the Gospel of Jesus of boys and girls and young people in the moun- Christ, who, while laboring in a crack in the tains it has meant opportunity for education, for mountains, caught a vision which he has, to some religious training, and for a new outlook upon life extent at least, been able to transform into a which never would have been theirs had the home reality. mission forces of the country overlooked this gap in a rather rugged and forbidding country.

Itinerant Ministries in Remote Places By REV. COE HAYNE, New York Department of Publicity, Literature and Research, The American Baptist Home Mission Society THE historian's assertion that our geograph- flows continually. About this spring and the dam ical frontiers have vanished may lead us to that has been constructed below it is a cluster of forget that cities are still giving birth to oak trees beneath which in the old days the Indowntown tenements and uptown suburbs and that dians were accustomed to resort. Rev. C. F. homesteading still goes on. Great numbers of Brown, colporteur-missionary in a great section people in urban and rural sections of America of North Dakota, each year plans to hold an allhave no religious privileges afforded them except day service on the Diamond C Ranch especially by virtue of the activities of devoted home mis- for the Russian people who have settled upon sionaries. While there are no longer great areas homesteads in large numbers although widely sepnewly opened to settlement there are still vast arated. Many others attend. The last round-up spiritual areas unexplored. Thousands of homes of the kind was held Sunday, July 29,1934. Three are still far removed from organized churches and hundred people attended, some traveling over just around the corner in every settled com- twenty miles to do so. As usual seats were armunity are neighbors languishing spiritually for ranged under the trees. Three speakers, includwant of Christian sympathy and companionship. ing a Russian, gave four messages during the day. A Sunday school session was held in the forenoon. Gospel Round-up on the "Diamond 0" An hour was devoted to dinner. The dam below the spring provided deep, clean water for a bap- On the southern slope of the Killdeer Moun- tismal service. In 1934 two and in 1933 sixteen tains, North Dakota, sprawls the Diamond C were baptized here. Ranch. The property is blessed with a spring that

A Funeral in the Killdeer Oountry open and said, 'This is the only shirt I have. The last time my wife washed this for me, I had to go Early in October, following the service on the to bed until it was dry.' Diamond C Ranch, Missionary Brown went about fifty miles to begin services in a Russian Baptist "Well, what would you have done in this. case? Church. This is the only Russian Baptist Church I said to him, 'Come out to the car, I have some in the Killdeer Mountain territory. It has no pas- clothes you may be able to make use of. We went tor. The deacons carryon the preaching services. out to the car and I began to take the clothes out. Then I decided to take them into the house where As soon as Mr. Brown arrived in the community his wife and little girl were. I gave them two or he heard that a baby girl, six months old, had died three nice new Turkish towels, a second-hand coat that day in a Greek Catholic home. There are no for the oldest girl, a second-hand pair of stock- Greek Catholic priests for the Russians in that ings for the mother, a warm jacket for the smallarea and Mr. Brown's visit to this home was ac- est girl, hats for four of the family and a sack of ceptable to the family. marbles for the smallest girl. This is all I had. They thanked me over and over for the things, Mr. Brown continues the story: then after kneeling in prayer and praying for "I went over twice that day to the home and the them, and thanking God for the givers who made last time, after reading the Bible and praying, I this giving possible, I took my departure. Later was about to leave when the father of the little I took some second-hand shirts to the man." girl followed me to the door. I turned and asked him if he had engaged anyone to take charge of A Skeleton Key Admits Sixty the funeral. He said, 'No.' Then he asked me if I was going to be around there at the time of the "I had announced a preaching service at a coun· funeral, and I told him that I was and that I could try schoolhouse for October 14th in the evening," help if he wished me to. He said that would be continues Missionary Brown of North Dakota. all right. Evidently he had intended to have the "So far as I know no service has ever been held baby taken out and buried without any funeral as there before. When we got there all was dark. he could not afford to pay for a Greek Catholic 1 got out my skeleton key which I always carry service. in the car and unlocked the building. When we "The next day we deposited the casket into the lighted a light we saw that all the contents were rear end of a truck without an undertaker and piled up in the center of the room for they had started for the church near the cemetery. When been painting the inside. Well, we moved things we got there and took the casket out, two or three around and got things in shape for a service. asked me if they should take the body into the When it was time to begin there were fifteenpeochurch to which I answered 'Certainly.' You see pIe present, and by the time they stopped coming some of the people believed that as the baby had there must have been fifty-five or sixty present. not been baptized and therefore was unsaved its Half of them had to stand up. Everyone was body should not be taken into the church. We surprised to see the rest there, and it was certainly took the casket in and had a 'real' funeral service an agreeable surprise to me. Two weeks later we for the little one. This made a deep impression organized a Sunday school in that schoolhouse." on the parents. They invited me. home for supper and insisted on my staying there several nights Oonversion of An Aged Pioneer during the meetings that followed." The parish of Rev. J. S. Umberger of Okanogan, While the Turkeys Fed on Grasshoppers Washington, is said to be the largest county in the United States save one. Okanogan County ex- "On the 11th of October," wrote Missionary tends 88 miles east and west and 100 miles north Brown of North Dakota, "I stopped at a Russian and south, and contains 18,000 white and 2,500 farmhouse. The man was standing in the yard. Indians. Most of the members of the church, We spoke and I remarked that it was a nice day. which is the only Baptist church in the county, He said, 'It isn't very nice. The weather and live in rural communities, many miles from everything else is wrong. There is no money, no Okanogan. The nearest church of the same comfeed for the stock, nothing to eat, and no clothes.' munion is the First Baptist Church of Wenatchee, 93 miles away. Up Salmon Creek Valley twelve "While I was talking with him, his oldest daugh- miles reside several members of the church. Apple' ter came out and drove the turkeys out into the orchards, cattle raising and mining engage their sun-scorched fields to feed on grasshoppers as attention. During fall and winter the roads bethere was no feed for them at the house. The come impassable and church attendance from that coyotes had killed twenty-one of the turkeys section falls away. From Conconuly eighteen awhile before and now they had to herd them. miles north come a number of members; also from Malott, Omak, Orville, Riverside, Tanasket "I urged him to come out to our services, but he said he had no fit clothes. He pulled his jacket

WORKING FOR THE MIGRANT WORKERS

and Loomis. During the summer, on Communion minded him that she would not cease to pray for Sundays, people drive in from points as distant as him. Orville, 54 miles north, Peteros 34 miles south and various points between. The Methow Valley, 68 Two months later the worship service at Okanomiles away, contributes its quota of worshipers. gan was interrupted by a messenger from an- Out of the thirteen families on the Indian reserva- other old pioneer who lay dying at his home in tion eleven miles east of the Columbia River that Riverside, twenty-one miles away, asking if Mr. are engaged in grain and stock raising, nine are Umberger would come to his bedside. The pastor represented in the church membership. left his pulpit at once turning the service over to Mrs. Umberger. He reached the dying man in During a week in the Loomis neighborhood, time to hear his testimony of faith. "I knew that fifty-four miles northwest of Okanogan, Mr. Um- you would help me just as you did that old man at berger was heartened by the conversion of a Loomis," he told the missionary. Two days later pioneer eighty-four years of age who related that he passed away and a large number of people fifty-eight years before his mother in bidding him from the countryside gathered to honor his good-bye when he left his Indiana home had re- memory.

Working for the Migrant Workers By ADELA J. BALLARD, San Francisco, California Western Supervisor of Migrant Work; Council of Women ~- for Home Missions T HE family case worker of the local social of the families you are caring for work every agency receives the anxious-faced nurse re- possible hour. But if migratory Tommy Jones luctantly. Both know too well the result of needs a crutch or a pair of glasses or hospitalizathe forthcoming interview. Just inside the door tion both the counties in which the work has been of the office stands a migratory family-father done will repudiate responsibility for the needs and mother shabbily dressed with two small chil- of the migrant. Meanwhile the migratory worker dren clinging to the mother's skirts, a child of two who is giving honest service sees the transient, years or less in the father's arms shows decided who has refused to work, getting aid! He gets a signs of malnutrition. free ride and food allowance to take him back to his home. Show me how to cut the red tape Case worker (helplessly)-"I know all you say . . ." Her tone as she left the final sentence is true. The family has worked. They are will- unfinished was most expressive. ing to take any possible work. They came in response to agricultural need. The work has not The nurse nodded curtly. In her heart she paid a living wage, to say nothing of providing knew that the case worker was helpless and that for the period between the harvests. But you the case worker knew she was aware of the hopeknow how my hands are tied. These people are lessness of the situation. The nurse turned toneither residents nor are they citizens!" ward the door without attempt at argument. The migratory family followed disconsolately. Nurse (heatedly)-"No, but they are hungry and homeless. The work has been done within the "The only way we kin git to be resident," venstate. They are not cross:-state migrants. All tured the man timidly as he bundled his family of the year has been spent in two counties. They into the auto, "is to jus' quit tryin' to fin' work have served the community and the children are an' jus' hang on here! Cotton don't make a livin' citizens." all year no way. We might git on relief then, but once ye git on an' ye take a day's work ye git off! Case worker (sympathetically)-"Granted. But An' ye'll starve good'n dead afore ye git on agin! (frowning and speaking sarcastically) relief is Looks like they jus' use us and thin fergit us!" organized on the basis of citizenship and residence. We do not think it best to care for the "No!" corrected the nurse. "Isn't the grower transient. He has a residence somewhere and allowing you free housing while you wait for may be returned to his home at public expense another' harvest?" even though he is deliberately seeing the world on relief funds! I'm aware of the fact that most "Yep," agreed the man. "He's been right good I" And then. slowly, "But we want work!

We don't want charity. If we work fer what the ing with bitterness, a ready prey to the agitator grower kin pay, the 'pinkies' [communists] tell us advising strikes, hunger marches and violence.

they'll bust our heads, iffen e work fer less than This is particularly true in these days when many they say. We know the grower don' git nuff to of the workers of a higher type have been forced pay no such money an' though he sez he'll pertect out of steady employment and into the ranks of us, an' he duz while we'er workin', when we git the migrating throng. in town then hell ketches us. So what's a feller Lack of funds restrict home mission work for the migratory laborer, but in a few selected areas goin' ter do!" enough has been done to prove that the social and The nurse, serving under the Council of Women the religious agencies may lighten all of life for for Home Missions, felt herself unable to answer the wandering group. The results have convinced the question. The problem of the one worker was the community, the grower, the county, federal the problem of two million other workers in the and church agencies that earlier effort to lift , agricultural areas of the United States, and it is standards in the migrant camps failed because of not only the problem of the adult worker. These lack of cooperation between agencies and not attitudes on the part of the state and county because of the lack of response on the part of the migratory laborer.

In one state an officer in the Department of Immigration and Housing observed the work done by the Council of Women for Home Missions in an area where there was little local cooperation.

He invited the missionary nurse into an area where thousands of migratory workers were used and where he would be able to secure intelligent cooperation from various agencies. Four years ago the work began. This season the program as planned is a good example of what can be done in many other localities.

Instead of many scattering camps, difficult to supervise, there will be two large camps. Floors will be provided for the tent city. There will be a full time doctor for the period of the harvest.

Water has been piped into the camps and showers provided for the workers. There will be a camp supervisor for each camp and the missionary nurse to take full charge of the nursing service '

for the camps. The religious and character edu- cational programs are acknowledged to be an essential part of the work in the camps. The county provides the funds for the support of the A MIGRANT WORKER'S TYPICAL TENT HOME nurse and for the doctor. The local community pays for the lease of the camp site; the S. E. R. A.

relief agencies condition the lives of two hundred for the set-up and better sanitation and for the thousand children whose parents follow the crops. camp supervisors. Local club and church women The migratory wQrker has stated the problem will give volunteer aid of ·various types. A local justly. He recognized the helplessness of the church woman has foregone a month of rent for grower to overcome economic handicaps or to her flat in order that it may be reserved for the protect the migratory laborer from the threat of use of the missionary nurse.

the professional agitator. NOr can the grower help But it was the Church which began this pro- the migratory family to secure residence unless gram and the response is the influence which has he encourages them to become applicants for re- brought about an intelligent cooperation on the lief; few areas and no one crop can give contin- part of the migratory workers. It took not pro- uous employment. In order to obtain citizenship fessional nursing skill alone, but an understand-, there must be residence within a community for ing friendliness, to win the migratory family and a period of years! This is generally impossible introduce an educational program which will for the agricultural worker. The fact that the change habits of life and types of thought.

state and the county in which the work has been Out of the years of service in this one commu- done repudiates responsibility leaves hearts seeth- nity has grown a consciousness of the interrela-

tion of all of life. Religious education alone or stop violence and safeguard the migratory work- health service alone could not meet the need. The ers. The treatment of the Filipino in the agricul- Missionary Council had no right to lift from the tural camps, the attitude of the local communities, community the responsibility for the better hous- the prejudice against the East Indian, are other ing, sanitation, health and social relationships of instances where conditions in migratory groups this group serving in the state; but it could and threaten to disturb international relations.

did lead in creating attitudes which recognized A third thing is the relation of conditions in facts and ended in cooperatively meeting the need. the migratory camps to Christian service abroad.

Students from other countries, especially those coming from the Orient, very often serve in agri- cultural fields to finance work in school. Many times such students are the product of missions abroad. They come to America expeclting to find Christian fellowship, but, instead of this find racial prejudice, injustice, impossible living con- ditions, intolerance. As a result faith in Chris- tianity dies and word goes back home that Christianity does not function in America. The missionary in the Orient, and elsewhere, thus finds the work doubly hard. Unless we change our treatment of the agricultural worker from SUNDAY SCHOOL FOR MIGRANT WORKERS India, China, Japan, the Philippines we shall find the work abroad greatly hampered.

This one project is typical of the work of the Lastly, but not least, the young people of the Council in its efforts to meet the need-in the churches today are demanding a Christian ap- cotton fields, in the tobacco plantation, in fruit proach to the social and economic situation of orchards, in cannery areas, in berry patches.

Whether establishing a Christian center, a day nursery or recreational center, or the sending of a Christian nurse and a public health program, the effort is to enlist all agencies responsible for the welfare of the migratory workers. Last year fifty-seven projects were carried on by the Councn in eleven states and many thousands of lives were touched. Forty per cent of the cost of this service was paid by the growers' groups, cannery execu- tives and local communities.

The challenge to the Church is fourfold: This migratory procession numbers millions and is largely untouched by Christian influence. Its childhood is a huge segment of our future citizen- ship. If present conditions are unaltered, these children bid fair to become shifting vagabonds, illiterate and with little or no sense of community responsibility. In California figures show that .

27,000 children of school age are in the agricul- tural camps. In one town in Texas 1400 children ENJOYING A SUN BATH IN CAMP are out of the local school, working in the truck gardens for many months of the year. Thousands the age. They are seeking cooperative service of children are out of school from May to Novem- which enables all agencies, religious and social, ber following the crops in eastern areas. to work together. It has been amazing to note The influence of the general attitude toward the response when this mission work is presented migratory workers in areas where race riots take to young people's groups. One young man, hear- place is a menace to world peace. Last year the ing of it for the first time, said, "I'm sick and treatment of the Japanese going into the agricul- tired of all this fussing about things not being tural areas of the Salt River Valley, intensified evangelistic! As I read my Bible Jesus Christ Japan's resentment against America, in spite of said, 'Go out and do something.' Some of us the fact that Arizona did everything possible to have to preach by our acts, and I'll bet those

COOPERATION AND UNION IN HOME MISSIONS

people get more of a Christian message out of a makes the task more difficult. The camps that nurse rolling up her sleeves and helping them have been touched are pitifully few. when they have a sick baby or a burned kid, than from a preacher coming in once a month to The day has passed when the worker from the preach a sermon! When she goes to court with Council must beg to enter a camp in an agriculthem or puts up a good, clean recreational pro- tural area. The camps asking for a worker far gram and keeps them out of mischief-well, it's exceed the posibilities of the funds available for me for that kind of evangelism!" this cooperative service. County doctors write, "If you could come in for just one season I know And the migrant can be reached. The migra- our growers would finance the service, but they tory family does respond to friendliness. It is cannot believe the work can be done until they possible to inspire a real appreciation of better have actually seen the results." . housing; it is possible to secure better school attendance; it is possible to teach the parent the In the meantime, children are asking as did one reason for restricting his liberty in using the boy overheard after the story hour in "hops," child as a wage earner; it is possible to make of "Who's this guy, God, she's talking about!" the migratory worker a Christian American citizen-but each day of neglect of this challenge And we have not the funds with which to send workers to tell the story!

Cooperation and Union in Home Missions 4f{ I~v. WM. R. KING, D.D., New York ~- – ~ecretary of the Home Missions Council W HAT we see of cooperation and union "warring factions" and see nothing but confusion among the Protestant churches of America and unholy rivalry. Most critics lack historic per- today depends upon the extent of our ob- spective. They base their measurements of progservations and the spirit and method of our in- ress made upon the distance from the goal to be vestigations. As a rule we see in this world just reached rather than upon the distance already about what we look for. Some people do l10t find covered from the starting point.

any cooperation between churches because they It is true, however, that we have "not yet at- do not look for it, or do not look in the right places. tained" satisfactory cooperation and union, but They look for competition and rivalry and see we are "pressing on" with encouraging speed.

plenty. Some years ago I rode a little mountain Cooperation between denominations and among pony for eight days through the tiger and elephant the churches is still very young. The years of jungles of Laos-northern Siam. We were told maturity have not been reached by any means.

that it was a dangerous journey, that the jungles The movement is still in the tender and timid years were infested with tigers and wild elephants. We of childhood and early adolescence.

did not see a tiger or a wild elephant. We were If we go back only a quarter of a century we not hunting for them. We were looking for mis- find practically no interdenominational coopera- sionaries and native Christiansantl we found tion. The older societies, like the American Bible them. Sometimes we make unexpected discov- Society, the American Tract Society, and the eries, but, as a rule, we find what we seek. American Sunday School Union are not interde- It is so with interchurch cooperation. If peo- nominational but are associations of like-minded ple want to believe that the churches are given individuals interested in certain things with no over utterly to competition and divisiveness they denominational control or direction.

can find plenty of evidence to support their views. For three hundred years American Protestant- If they want to believe that the churches are learn- ism was almost wholly divisive. Denominations ing to cooperate and unite they can find abundant were all out for "a place in the sun." Forty or'

proof. The trouble with many who condemn the more divisions of European Protestantism were church for lack of cooperation is their point of transplanted to this country from the "father- view. They project themselves far ahead on some lands" during the first 200 years of our history.

high point of Utopia, where things are supposed Soon they began to spawn and new breeds came to be perfect and all people to be saints, and from into existence until today we have more than 200 that exalted position they look down upon the so-called denominations. About thirty years ago a few far-seeing leaders working upon such mergers and the likelihood is began to cry out against unwise and unholy di- that within the next few years most of the states visions. The first were our foreign missionaries. and many of their counties will have one inclusive They saw the sin of it and began to think and plan Council of Churches which will include in its set- and work together against their common foes and up and program all the interests of the church for the same great common ends. The China within the state.

Council was organized in the early part of this But this is not half the story of the development century. Intermissionary councils and commis- of cooperation and union within the last two sions and conferences were set up on other mis- decades. sion fields. Then the Foreign Mission Boards caught the vision and the spirit of cooperation and Comity and cooperation among local churches the Foreign Missionary Conference was organ- and on local fields have made commendable progized by Mission Board secretaries. The formation ress. More has been accomplished along these of other interdenominational, intermissionary lines in the last two decades than in all the preagencies followed. vious years of American church history. Today comity committees exist in nearly all the large Then the Home Mission Boards began to catch cities and in most of the states. There are perthe vision and were stirred by the same spirit of haps 2,000 Union churches of all types throughcooperation. The Home Missions Council, the out the country. Many cooperative projects are Council of Women for Home Missions, and the being carried on cooperatively by missionary Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America were all organized in 1908. This was the boards and local churches. Home mission fields real beginning of organized planned interdenom- have been allocated. A number of types of work inational cooperation in America. There had been have been merged into departments, bureaus and committees of the two Home Missions Councils, some worthy forerunners, some daring Johns the such as work among Migrants, Indian children in Baptists, preparing the way, but 1908 was the or- Government schools, work among Jews, bureaus ganic beginning of interdenominational, inter- of Church Architecture, Summer Schools for church cooperation for work in the ho.meland. Rural Pastors, Rural Life Sunday, World Day of The spirit deepened; the movement spread. Prayer, religious programs and community Other national organizations saw the need of coop- churches in connection with government public eration. The Christian colleges formed a council. works. An increasing number of service activi- The old Sunday School Association of individuals ties, that can be carried on together better than interested in the teaching of the Bible became by separate denominations, are being committed the International Council of Religious Educa- to the Councils.

tion of the Churches of North America, and No Subsidies for Competitive Projects within the last few months there has come another very significant development of interdenomina- The most recent step in comity has been taken tional cooperation in the new cooperative working by five of the constituent Home Mission Boards relationship of the International Council of Reli- Qf the Home Missions Council within this year.

gious Education, the Federal Council of the These Boards have worked out "master lists" of Churches of Christ in America, the Home Mis- all their home mission aid to churches, and have sions Council and the Council of Women for Home given notice to these aid-receiving churches that Missions. These Councils have set up a joint com- after December 31, 1935, these subsidies will be mittee of fifteen to coordinate the programs and withdrawn from all churches that are in competi- the activities of these four interdenominational tive situations. Questions of competition must be Councils. At last these great national coordi:. settled by the state or the national Home Mission nating agencies are beginning to practice their Councils or Comity Committees before that date.

own preachment. Now that they are beginning to There is no place here for details. We can speak take their own medicine it is to be hoped the de- only in general terms, but these things mentioned nominations will have more confidence in their are steps in the right direction. Some are more prescriptions. successful than others but all have helped to move This new spirit and practice of cooperation is the Church along toward the desired goal. No taking form in recent mergers of state councils one plan or method of cooperation will fit all places of churches. Already ten states have merged the or work everywhere one hundred per cent perfect.

Councils of Religious Education and the Councils Great care must be exercised in each case to find of Churches and the Home Missions Councils into the best plan. Sometimes the best plan is the one inclusive State Council of Churches, or as in allocation of fields and types of work and special some cases, Councils of Churches and Religious projects and churches to some one denomination.

Education. Seven or eight other states are now For example, Alaska, some of the states, and

some of the islands of the West Indies, and nearly authority on this subject, says "a large measure of readiness for union has come to prevail genall the foreign mission fields, have been allocated. erally in American Protestantism."

Other plans include the mutual exchange of I believe that we are working along the right line. Cooperation is the word upon which we churches and fields and projects between denom- must ring the changes at the present time. Union may come–in many cases will come. Weare inations; the federation of churches, and (in the ready now for cooperation. Ultimate union de- pends upon present cooperation. There is wisdom judgment of many, the least effective) the or- in not pressing organic union too hard or too fast, but surely the time is here for cooperation, espeganization of independent community churches. cially in the great missionary work of the churches, both at home and abroad. All of these methods have their advantages and There can be no further advance except as we disadvantages. But they are first steps that must go forward together. A few days ago I saw a truck in Chicago with these words in large letters be taken before the churches can run together in across its side – "Coordinated Transport." Can the Church be as wise as truckmen? perfect union. Sometimes these steps have been faltering, but they have marked a good deal of progress-"we are on our way." , The trend in cooperation has had its most marked demonstration in the organic union of denominations. Since 1900 there have been eleven organic unions of churches involving twenty-five denominations. Rev. H. Paul Douglass, our best The Unchurched Children of America I By the REV. R. W. McGRANAHAN, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa. -<tSf Associate Secretary of the Board of American Missions, United Presbyterian Church of North America THE importance of bringing child life into 2. The neglected children of the slum areas in close contact with the vital spiritual forces large cities and those in crowded industrial sec- of the Church is self-evident. Here is the tions. clay, awaiting the skilful shaping of the Potter. Here are the lives, awaiting guidance, which will 3. The children of foreign descent, not Amereither make or unmake ,the next generation. The icanized, whose parents have a nominal relation Church will win or lose according as she succeeds to their ancestral church but are now indifferent or fails in reaching· the children. This responsi- to any religious influence. bility goes far beyond simply bringing in the children of families already within the fold. The 4. The children of the godless rich, who give great home mission task today in reaching the neither time nor place for religion. In fullyunchurched groups has no challenge comparable churched communities there are hosts of children to that of plans that give a larger place to reach- who have no contact with the Church of Christ. ing the children of all who are accessible to the Gospel. If the children are won the next genera- Freely speaking, it is estimated that half the tion is won. children of America are in these various groups, so that, of the 34,000,000 American boys and girls Who are these unchurched children? Many of school age only about 17,000,000 are receiving families have such slight touch with the vital, any definite Bible instruction or Christian guidspiritual forces that they could scarcely be classi- ance that will prepare them to solve their life fied as churched, and beyond this a vast number problems. If we exclude those of high school age, of children are destitute of any contact with this about 13,000,000 younger boys and girls are outinstitution founded by Christ to unite His people side such influence. Some of these are under ininto one body. They may be enumerated as fol- fluences antagonistic to the Church; others are lows: in an atmosphere of indifference to religion, while very many are_only awaiting an invitation to be- 1. Those unchurched geographically. They are come followers of Christ. found in isolated farming communities, mining sections, and areas from which the church has What other possible challenge to the Church moved .out, new communities opened by various can compare with this! industrial ventures. From the jungle of neglect of religious training for the young comes the monster of "crime men- ace" that terrifies America ,today. The "Red

THE UNCHURCHED CHILDREN OF AMERICA

menace" of revolution and atheism lurks in that day school period means the departure of children same jungle. If the Church and the nation are and youth in utter indifference to church worship to survive the youth must be saved. We must which usually follows. Here is a great challenge recognize our responsibility, not only for the chil- to lead into church life and activity those enrolled dren who belong to the Church by reason of the in the Sunday school. Every denomination should parents' affiliation, but the unchurched children use every means to prevent this loss to the Church. must be reached or the whole nation is threatened. 2. It should be our aim to reach all within the It is amazing how lightly the responsibility for bounds of the parish who may be willing to religious instruction and guidance rests upon our respond to a kindly approach. An offer to call shoulders as American citiz·ens. We insist that and accompany the children to the church service ample provision must be made for secular educa- might be one of the first steps taken. The varition and we pay billions in taxes for that purpose. ous communions might institute a program While we admit that training the mind and neg- through their Sunday school agencies so that lecting the moral and spiritual may simply make every congregation shall carryon an organized more cunning knaves, we fail to see cause for campaign to greatly increase the number of chilalarm in the growing demand to eliminate from dren under religious instruction. our schools all Bible reading and teaching of moral standards. The great Luther Burbank, who was a 3. There is the challenge to reach unchurched philosopher as well as wonderful plant wizard and communities, mining districts and industrial areas scientist, never lost an opportunity to remind us by some plan of interdenominational work, or that "if we took no· better care of our plants than assignment of such areas to various denominawe do of our childr·en we would be living in a tions. The fact' that most of such areas do not jungle of weeds." The Duke of Wellington used promise the establishment of a self-supporting even stronger terms when he said: "Educate chil- church makes it difficult to induce churches to dren without religion and you make a race of assume responsibility. But such mission work as clever devils." this must be done to save America.

One of the most sinister signs of our times is 4. The big task that will require constructive the deliberate effort to alienate the youth of to- planning and far-sighted statesmanship is to make day by atheistic teaching in high schools and col- effective religious contact with the millions of leges. It was the boast of a teacher in one of our children enrolled in our public schools who now universities, recently dismissed because of his receive no religious instruction. The public school flagrant offences in atheistic propaganda, "They is the only agency which reaches all the children. used to say, 'give me the child till he is 8 years of In most states religious and ethical instruction age and you can have him after that!' But give and even character building have now been elimme a boy or girl for two years in college in the inated from the public school. Dr. Paul D. Eddy teens and I can take his religion out of him." has presented the following plan of cooperation The Church is responsible for seeing that our that should enlist all churches and character-buildschool boards, our church college boards and our ing agencies in every community: state schools do not permit teaching destructive of the Christian faith and life. The principle of separation of Church and State will not necessarily mean the separation of public education Is it not high time that a definite program and religious education in the sense of eliminating moral should be formulated and put into effect to reach and spiritual values or the great basic elements in rethis unchurched half of America's children? It ligion. . . . The new advance of home missions and is truly gratifying that serious consideration is Christian education must be in the field of reaching this being given to it by church bodies, and Sunday unchurched group. New trails in the field cannot be school organizations. blazed by individual denominational effort or independent local church programs. . . . The solution of the problem The challenge to the Church to save her own of reaching the unchurched, providing adequate religious children and to reach the millions of the un- training for all children and youth is to be found in the churched children' in America presents many cooperative study and planning by the Church with all problems, some of which are difficult. the major character agencies in the community: the government, public schools, homes and other agencies. 1. Those enrolled in the Sunday school must be The building of an intelligently coordinated program for won to Christ. Surely the Church must concern character building in the community is the only effective herself deeply with this need. solution.

It is comparatively easy to enroll children in If such a cooperative movement be launched promptly the Sunday school and thus bring them under and enthusiasm created for it such as was realized in the religious influence, even when parents are wholly launching of the Student Volunteer Movement, and plans indifferent, but it is very disturbing to see the made for a sustained program through the future, this wholesale manner in which the close of the Sun- movement might well be hailed as the greatest achieve- ment of our century thus far. May the outcome match the need of these times and reach effectively some of the millions of unchurched children of America!

A Re–Emphasis of Spiritual

By REV. PAUL DAWSON EDDY, M.A., New York Director, Vacation and Week.Day Church Schools, ln~ernational Council of Religious Education "THE Church which for years has professed the economically, insecure, the emotionally un- its interest and concern over the weak and stable, or the mentally retarded child. It is in- helpless, almost turns its back upon these creasingly apparent that these agencies cannot unfortunate children. They ·are not invited. adequately meet the character needs of the total They are too dirty, uncouth and wild. Perhaps group of children and youth of the community they might also contaminate those within the fold. through their independent, unrelated and often At any rate few are called and few come." This competitive program. The State Superintendent is the conclusion of a study of fourteen thousand of Public Instruction in Nebraska states that the juvenile delinquents who appeared before the schools alone are impotent in the face of character courts of Los Angeles in three years. * education needs of the day. The Tenth Year Book "The position of the Church today is one of con- of the National Education Association also states, fusion and uncertainty. It has lost much of the "Our society today awaits a new integration of authority with which it at one time was clothed." t knowledge, aspiration and human purpose – it These are serious indictments from the courts would seem to be a task essentially religious in of a state and the leaders in public education. nature."

They challenge the Christian Church to a reeval- Through the segregation of religion and the uation of its program and work. Such a study secularization of education in the 19th century would lead to the conclusion that the Church has violence has been done to Church and State, and failed to provide adequate Christian character to individual and social character. The narrow training for the less privileged economically, so- sectarianism of our colonial church fathers was cially and culturally, as well as for those of the a contributing factor to the separation of religion more privileged classes. Of course there are in- and education. This isolation of religion from dividual exceptions of successful programs but in the daily educational experiences of the child has general the groups from which our largest num- led to cynicism, materialism and the disintegra- ber of juvenile delinquents come are not reached tion of personality.

by Protestant home missions, Christian educa- During the past decade or more one can discover tion or the Church. Possibly these organizations a distinct trend to reintegrate the basically reli- do not possess the understanding or technique gious or spiritual elements in the program of for attracting and training these children, youth public education and character building. "No and adults. greater task rests upon the secondary schools than In fairness it should be stated that the public to help its pupils find their God. . . . When this schools and the other community character build- orientation takes place life assumes poise, dig- ing agencies have also failed, side by side with the ni,ty, grandeur. Otherwise its strivings, its Church, to reach these groups. While the public struggles, its achievements seem trivial and in- schools may record the attendance of these chil- significant.:!: dren, few would claim that the average public This quiet return to fundamental spiritual school with its traditional regemented program values should be recognized and encouraged by all really meets the consummate needs of these religious faiths. It is a function of the Christian groups. Because compulsory education laws in- Church to permeate the life of the community sure attendance, it does not follow that the time agencies and to appreciate every contribution to of the pupil is spent in creative activities which character development as an aid to the "more are suited to his needs. abundant life." – Recent studies have revealed a School, church and the other community char- great storehouse of latent religious resources in acter-building agencies must admit the failure of public school curriculum and in the activities of their so-called regular programs vitally to reach many community character-building agencies.

• Bulletin, Who Is Delinquent? published by Rotary Club of Los The Church can assisUhese agencies to strengthen AntgeTlehse. Tenth Year Book of the Department of Superintendents of ~ Sixth Year Book, Department of Superintendents, N. E. A., the National Education Association, p 23. pp. 51-53.

[290 ] and enrich the spiritual basis of their program. sion, in cooperation with the major character- In addition to the permeating and indirect in- building agencies of Ohio, will establish demon- stration communities in rural and urban districts fluence, the Church has a unique and distinctive for the cooperative study of community needs and contribution to make to character development. the coordinated program building in which reli- It is a function of the Church to enrich, interpret gion will be an integral part. Duplication and and integrate experiences in terms of specifically competition in the programs of these agencies Christian ideals and purposes. This function must will be eliminated. be performed on the basis of the individual's experiences in his home, school and community, and The Commission will also study the relationship not by the isolated learning of unrelated dogma. of Church and State in education, and the func- tion of religion in character development. The We are lead to the conclusion that if the Church place of the Church in the community, and how continues to follow its traditional program of its contribution may best be made, will receive isolated religious teaching, it can never effectively careful consideration. Some form of weekday reach the unchurched millions of youth. But, if religious education will be developed which will the Church is really interested in the weak, the enrich, interpret and integrate the daily experihelpless and uncouth child, as well as in the more ences of the child in his home, school and comnormal and attractive youth, it must make its con- munity relationships. tribution in coordination with the other community character-building agencies. There is a di- The Commission is composed of national and rect and an indirect contribution which the Church state denominational leaders, leaders in public is designed to make. schools and other character-building agencies, professors of generttl education and religious edu- In Los Angeles the Juvenile Courts inaugurated cation, ministers and laymen. The Commission the plan of bringing the educational, social, civic will encourage the home, the school, the Church and religious agencies in the community into a and other agencies in their cooperative efforts to coordinating council for study and cooperative meet community needs. program building in more than seventy districts of the county. Community councils of character – building agencies are developing in a number of cities and Public school leaders in some states and com- rural areas. Research studies and the experimunities have taken the initiative in developing mental development of programs are planned. It cooperative study and community planning. Some is expected that a conference with the leaders of ministers and laymen have sensed the inadequacy the Jews, Roman Catholics and Prote&tants will of religion on Sundays only and the failure of the be held sometime in the future to consider the Church to reach the unchurched groups, so they common interest of all religious faiths in the eduhave invited leaders to study what can be done. cation and character developments of the child.

The first united Protestant program on a state- By some such united approach we may hope to wide basis to provide religious training in coopera- meet the challenge of sixteen million unchurched tion with the public schools and the other major children and youth, and may overcome the criticharacter-building agencies is developing in Ohio. cism of Juvenile Courts, public school educators, After a year of exploratory study by the Ohio and community leaders. The Church can thus re- Council and the International Council of Religious gain its lost leadership in the community and Education, a commission has been organized which make her contribution in coordination with the will officially represent the Council of Churches in other character-building agencies. Ohio, the Ohio Council of Religious Education, the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, Let the Church go forward in a united demonthe Home Missions Councils and the International stration, in a national laboratory study and de- Council of Religious Education. This Commis- velopment for these neglected youth..

INTERRELATION OF FOREIGN AND HOME MISSIONS Home missions and foreign missions are the two ends of the same stream, its fountain and its sea. We cannot stop one without drying up the other also. Stop the fountains and the sea will ultimately become a dry bed; evaporate the sea and the fountains will run dry. Home missions are needed to keep the church at home alive and to help it grow. Cutting off foreign mission interest and activity is a sure way of killing home missions. Foreign missions bring returns a thousandfold at home by sending streams back upon the churches to revitalize them and fill them with life more abundant.

Need for Christian

By the REV. J. M. WALKER, D.D., Charlotte, N. C.

Pastor of Steele Creek Presbyterian Church T HE relation of education to Christian char- have lost faith – in God, in themselves, in their . acter is a most vital topic today. An amaz- fellowmen. ing number of new books deal with this Look at the young men who begin a task, but subject. Educational associations of various kinds cannot finish it.

are devoting their time and best thought to it; See how students, trained in institutions of magazines are lending their pages to its discus- learning, are swelling our criminal and delinquent sion; and there is no end to the conferences being lists. held with the idea of finding a solution to the Behold the multitudes without the slightest re- many problems involved. gard to the restraints of the Sabbath.

Out of all this thought and discussion, two Think of the widespread disregard for the things may be said to have become clear: one, Christian standards of sex and bodily purity.

that education must center it~ efforts upon char- Think of the gambling fever that is abroad in acter development. It will concern itself not so the land.

much with subject-matter as with life. Its goal Observe how many homes are broken up, and will be the achieving of a Christian character how the divorce courts are filled.

rather than the mastery of materials. Not that Think of the corruption in politics, and the it will lay less stress upon the acquisition of bribery of justice; the hatred between classes, knowledge per se, but it will d~mand that a great- and the rising war-like spirit between nations.

er emphasis be placed upon guiding youth into an Think of the filth in much of our modern literaunderstanding of that knowledge as it relates to ture and movies; of the unethical practices in his own development in right living. The other business and industries; of the faithlessness of thing is this, the great Christian principles and public servants; and of the wholesale repudiation ideals which were set forth by the Master Him- of sacred obligations. self must find a larger place in our educational processes. The times demand it. All this and much more of a similar kind is tak- ing place among our people, and often right before The Character Crisis in National Life our eyes. The picture is not overdrawn. We have no disposition to exaggerate. Certainly there Our age has made marvelous progress. The· is much in our civilization that is praiseworthy, new scientific knowledge is flying with lightning and for which we should be thankful, but the rapidity across the boundaries of nations, and no symptoms revealed are alarming to say the least.

man can tell what tomorrow holds in store. Yes- What we are chiefly concerned with is the source terday's marvels become today's commonplaces. or sources of this malady. What lies back of this Because the genius of man knows no limit we distress-disorder?

face the future with eager anticipation. How- It is evident that the breakdown is in the realm ever, it does not take a discerning spirit to see of character. Honor and integrity, reverence and that all is not well with us. As a student of our devotion to truth and duty, and the high regard day has well said: "We are like an army that for sacred ideals seem to be a thing of the past may be able to report gains on the right, but with a great body of our people. Principles which which has met with ignominious defeat on the guided our fathers in building this Christian civ- left." With all our furnishings through the ilization have been too frequently thrown over- knowledge of the new sciences; with all the board as something out of date and useless. With equipment that comes with the modern inventions, many, the true has become identified merely with the modern conveniences, and the new modes of the useful, and -the good with that which is pleas-.

communication; with all the vast outlay in edu- ing; there are no fixed standards of truth and cational facilities for the training of youth; still righteousness.

something tremendously important seems to be When we analyse the causes of this breakdown lacking in the lives of our people. Behold the in character and strive to get at the secret for this breakdowns occurring all along the line; men failure, we do not proceed with such assurance.

ffl92 ] In this complex civilization there are too many follow the lead of these antireligionists, and use educacross-currents playing upon the life of the average tioI?al procedures which are based on philosophical theories whIch are destructive to religion. This thing is happening individual, tending either to make or mar his both in public schools and in church schools.

character. It behooves us to tread with humility. 1. First of all, a large part of our educational This secularization of the public education has been going on for years. Perhaps we are just beprogram has been out of balance. We have been ginning to feel the full force of its effect. It was primarily concerned with ways and means rather but logical to expect that a system of public eduthan with objectives. We have said, let facts be cation from which religion had been carefully purveyed, character will take care of itself. We have been too busy mastering scientific methods eliminated would in time become essentially and to give much attention to mastering life. It has actively antireligious. A godless philosophy of been a materialistic age, and the spiritual has been life is bound, as the night follows the day, to propolitely bowed out. Students have been taught to duce a godless civilization. It has laid its blighting put their entire faith in the scientific method as hand upon nearly everything that we held as sacred-upon the home, the family, the church a cure-all for the numerous ills of society. the school, society, and even the business world: "This steady secularization of public education" says one of our Christian philosophers, "is per- We have sown the. wind, and now we are reaping haps the most potent factor in producing a dis- the whirlwind. torted sense of values in the mind of our young It was but inevitable that our nation should be people. While we have been introducing one sub- in for a cruel awakening. All this crass material- ism and antireligious teaching in schools and colject after another of a secular nature, we have leges was bound to bring about a reaction. Truth been steadily eliminating or restricting instruction of a moral and religious nature. Our children has a way of rising to the surface and coming out naturally put the emphasis on the things that are regardless. Then again, too many institutions of learning remained faithful to their trust; and given prominence in their experience." there were too many consecrated teachers of youth Dr. Walter A. Squires, oifn Thoidsaye,x"ceslhleonwt s bhoook~ to be completely swept off their feet by this surge "Educational Movements of antireligious propaganda. The teacher's task, as it has been truly said, is too sacred a thing for fifty years ago moral and religious truths were a vital part of the public curriculum. But since him to be long led astray. The dawn of the new day is here, and the question is being asked everythat time they have become so secularized that the spiritual has been largely eliminated. Culti- where, what can we do to make our nation Chris- tian? What has education to do with the formavation of the spiritual nature has been shunted tion of character? ~nto a corner. The inference drawn by our youth IS that the courses most worth while are those of a materialistic nature, which have immediate and How Is Christian Character Achieved?

tangible value. Consciously or unconsciously, our What is the Christian character we wish to boys and girls have 'imbibed the notion that mak- achieve? To begin with, Christian character is ing a good living is more important than living a not something that varies with the ethical culture good life. The ideal existence is conceived in the of the nation. It is not the product of the theory terms of material comfort rather than in terms of of relativity in matters of right and wrong. It personal honor, integrity, and truth. cannot be said to be one thing in Russia another thing in Germany or Italy, and still quite a dif- 2. A second important factor in the breakdown ferent thing in England or America. Christian of character is found in that smaIi group of anti- character is a product that is discernible wherreligious and atheistic teachers in universities ever it is found-in Christian or in non-Christian who have rejected religion and who are bent on lands. It has certain earmarks which are common bringing higher education in line with their own to all Christians. True, these appear in varying antireligious attitudes. Says Dr. Squires in the degrees of development in the individual as he book above quoted: These "intellectuals," these leaders of our American grows in grace, but the root of the matter is there "intelligentsia" have in some way gained a wide recogni- just the same. The Christian life is the Christtion as leaders in educational science. They seem to as- centered life; and it is the Christ-way of life. sume a sort of proprietorship over such terms as "scienti~c,:' "modern," and "progressive." Unfortunately public The Christian character is the product of the OpInIOn hardly seems to challenge the assumption. . • . Christ-centered life. Christ has been formed in The most serious element in the situation, however does the life through faith. This is the initial work in not lie with these out-and-out antireligiortists. It lies in Christian character formation. By it we mean the fact that a multitude of public educators are blindly something infinitely more than a mere assent to following the theories which this group have constructed a set of propositions about the Lord Jesus Christ. and which they are diligently promoting. It is really re- It may be described as securing the allegiance of markable how some people deeply loyal 'to religion will

one's inner life to the whole personality of the The life of Christ is more surely transmitted Christ. Such an allegiance brings about a change through the example of Christian men and women in personality, which may be gradual or sudden, than through any other source. Students have a depending largely upon his training in Christian decided tendency to become like those who teach experience. But this change is so radical that them. So the life of the teacher, more than any- Jesus called it the "new birth." The Christian thing that is taught, counts most in building up then, is one who has this inner life born of faith or tearing down Christian character. Too much in Jesus Christ. It is this new life that: gives emphasis cannot be placed upon the personality both motivation to his conduct, and power for the of the teacher. We soon forget what we are accomplishment of his God-given tasks. taught; the influence of the life of the teacher Christian character is not only the product of abides-a hallowed benediction or a painful mem- the Christ-centered life, but it is also the result ory of wasted opportunities. The wealth of our of the Christ-way of life. This new life is pat- Christian institutions of learning does not lie in terned after that of the Master. He bears in his brick and mortar, nor in stocks and bonds, but in body the marks of the Saviour. The norm of the the power of great personalities in the faculty.

Christian character is the character of Jesus Him- All that we have been saying but leads to the self. As we study the character of Jesus there truth: Christian character is as much caught as are at least five outstanding characteristics, five it is taught. It develops through the discipline features that were distinctive, which set Him off of life's experiences under the watchful eye of a from all other men. There was His purity or saintly ,soul.

holiness; His love; His forgiveness; His sacri- Second in importance is the influence of a fice; and His humility. These revealed the pas- Christian curriculum upon character formation.

sion of His heart, and they were exhibited in His Just as the Christian is a Christ-centered person- daily life. In this way He set going forces that ality, so the education that is to produce that have in them the making of a new world. It was character must be Christ-centered. That does not not an overstatement that the historian Lecky mean that the facts of science will receive any made in his "History of European Morals" when the less emphasis; rather the more. But it does he said: "The 'three short years' of the active life determine the approach to truth. To begin with, of Jesus have done more to regenerate and soften it recognizes Divinity in the life of things. It mankind than all the disquisition of philosophers says: "Man's chief end is to glorify God and to and all the exhortations of moralists of all time." enjoy Him forever." It further states: "The It is characters fashioned after this pattern that Word of God which is contained in the Scriptures the world needs today. Such characters our edu- of the Old and New Testament, is the only rule to cational institution should strive to turn out. How direct us how we may glorify and enjoy Him."

can it be done? With these .fixed postulates it moves into every It will be readily admitted, that character build- realm of truth with the full assurance, "Ye shall ing is the most difficult task in our civilization. know the truth and the truth shall make you free."

While we recognize that Christian character is Best of all, it is assured that when young life has largely the product of training, still we are much been properly trained, there will come a time when at sea as to the way human personality develops. that life will long for the Perfect Life about which As we have said, there are so many influences it may be entwined and held, just as naturally as playing upon young life – and they are ever on the vine calls for the pole to be its stay and guide.

the increase – as to make our· efforts uncertain. When the main educational forces of the com- It is just possible there may be two forces for munity-,-the home, the church, the school-unite evil to everyone for good constantly working in this holy cooperative undertaking we may con- against our very best efforts. Both the power of fidently look for the issue-a Christian character, heredity and the influence of environment, over the supreme need of our day.

which we have but little control, may largely nul- lify all the nobler impulses that may be brought to bear on a life. Surely to guide one into the way Divine dynamic has its beginning when men of Christian living requires all the wisdom and have reached their end. Its majesty meets us only consecration one can command. at yonder borderline where in our willing and The most potent influence in the formative working we aremade to pant for breath. Where period of one's life comes through the contact my cunning and my fortunes can do nothing, can- with'Christian parents, teachers and professors. not help, comes my God. KARL BARTH.

Church Can Help' the

By EDGAR M. WAHLBERG, Denver, Colorado Pastor of Grace Community Church and President of the Denver Open Forum .

I N DENVER the now aged Father William H. relation of the Church and the unemployed. Un- O'Ryan is most highly revered for two things: fortunately the Church as a whole does not fea- his long and deep love for his church and his ture in the hardships of those who suffer most. determined struggle in behalf of social justice. Economic need is the major interest of most He did not hesitate to state bluntly the problem of people, and in times of stress economic security unemployment and poverty in relation to religion becomes a single issue. The church must be deep- in a meeting of the Catholic Industrial Confer- ly realistic about this question. At present people ence. He said, "Poverty to St. Francis may have are confused and harassed because they are in an been a holy thing, but to emotional stage and cannot John Smith, unemployed, in balance experience with my parish, with his wife and Continued unemployment, hard facts. The Church must five children it is a far dif- voluntary or involuntary, is a bear its responsibility for ferent thing. Poverty leads menace to the material, moral not having helped the people to the very gates of hell. "to discern this time."

Members are lost, not gained, and spiritual wellbeing of the Universal spiritual recovto the church because of iCnhduivrcidhu. al,Tthhee inSatabtielityandof thaet ery will follow universal eco- least. twelve million workers in pauperism. . . . Oligarchy nomic security based upon a in America shouts democ- America to find healthful em- Christian philosophy and racy to fool the people. This ployment constitutes a real cri- economy where earnings are is the meanest kind of oli- sis that threatens disaster. This for the benefit of many rathgarchy. . . . The Protestant paper, by a pastor who has done er than for the profit of the Church has lost the laboring much to help the unemployed in few. Any attempts at reliman because Protestant min- his own city, gives valuable sug- gious revival apart from this isters have not assisted the gestions that may be found use- position will prove to be unemployed or labor. We ful elsewhere. Some will not futile and eventually will de,. are also losing them because apgorienet, wbiutth atlhleaaguretehotrhaatt seovmerey- stroy Christian faith and thing must be done in harmony we have not been true to our add to the common despair. program. . . . The Catholic 7 Any church that shouts the Church is losing more mem- "Kingdom of God" to fool bers each year than it is tak- with the spirit and teachings of the people is a mean church Jesus Christ, to meet the needs of the hour.

ing in by conversion. . . . and it does not represent the To me, social service is re- Master, who was anointed to ligion." preach "good tidings to the The dilemma of the Church and the masses is poor," and who later proved the validity of His presented by H. Richard Niebuhr in his statement, mission to the imprisoned John the Baptist by re- "There is no effective religious movement among porting that the poor "had good tidings preached the disinherited in America. As a result they to them."

are simply outside the pale of organized Christi- Is the Church taking an active place in the hon- anity." est resentments of life? Are churchmen near Professor H. Paul Douglass says in the Spring- those who are clubbed to death in food riots? Is field Survey, "The churches have run away from the Church aware of the dangers of regimenta- the areas of desperate needs." The preacher who tion of millions to the lowest levels of life? Is was asked to speak before a mass meeting of re- the heart of the Church touched by the misery lief strikers was quite shocked when, as he was and tragedy of the victims of modern selfishness introduced as "Reverend," a worker yelled, "We and stupidity? Is the influence of the Church don't want any religion here." This experience feared by the privileged and selfish classes?

and these statements quite characterize the usual Should the Church be an open door for everyone?

[295 ]

As a rule the language of the Church is un- bodies gave leadership much good was accomfamiliar and means little to the unemployed. Its plished. In Grace Church a Self-Help Cooperaappeal often suggests an obscurantism in which tive in two years, with a small outlay of cash, there is no action. The unemployed recognize two did over $34,000 worth of business in furnishing or three significant needs and are waiting for a actual commodities to the poor. It is clear that revolutionary Christianity which deals with real- men who have no wealth and who do not control ity in accordance with those needs. Major moral the means of production struggle against almost insights are dependent upon human needs. A impossible odds, and as a result this first great middle class society with, fair prospects, from and fundamental urge of the unemployed has been which is drawn the major constituency of the largely dissolved. Church, turns its attention to moral questions of a different type than does a society of people out People turned increasingly to what is apparof work, whose future appears empty and hope- ently the only alternative-relief. Agencies were less. Where profit seeking capitalism increasingly inadequate and distributed relief in monthly sums fails to support the people, middle class people as low as $9.00 per month-$13.00 in Denver. will have to decide whether or not to join the The people could not live on this scale and a secdispossessed in a struggle for a truly Christian ond movement developed involving hundreds of social order; organizations and thousands of members. The main purpose was to demand more adequate relief. One fundamental contribution of any church to These organizations were quite resentful and met the solution of this problem is the maintenance considerable opposition but struck fear into sociof an atmosphere of fair play and a platform ety. Some churches accepted the opportunity to which asserts itself in a policy of true freedom work with them. Night after night hundreds of speech. Only in this way can the church be were turned away from packed meetings at Grace close to people and so come to know and follow Church. Gradually, the Government entered the the way of God. Grace Community Church, Den- field and relief was raised to an average of $30.00 ver, maintains a policy sensitive to people in which a month. every minority and oppressed group may find expression. . Twenty-six different unemployed Unemployed soon found that bombarding relief and workers' organizations count Grace Center as agencies was both unhappy and futile. After all, a regular meeting place. Among them are: relief workers or their organizations were not the Baker's Union, Sheet Metal Workers, Truck Driv- ones that put people out of work. Multitudes hurers and Teamsters, Tramway Employees, Tank ried to other extremes and joined visionary move- Builders, Retail Clerks, Auto Mechanics, A. F. of ments born out of hope. Millions joined the L. Rank and File, Unemployed Cooperatives, In- Townsend Clubs, the Utopian Societies, the Techternational Labor Defense, National Workers Al- nocrats, and other organizations. Much energy liance, Colorado Cooperative, Inc., Townsend was dissipated but may have saved the United Clubs, Utopians, Socialist Party, Technocrats, States from more serious disturbances. Ex-C. W. A. Workers, Poultry Cooperative, Farmers Union, Joint Council of Women's Auxiliaries, Another stage involves two directions—{)ne Good Government Club, Voters Clubs, Workers sound, in which people study their problems and Press Conference, League for Human Freedom, attempt to survey life. The Denver Labor College League Against War and Fascism, Labor College, had three terms this past year with courses in Homesteaders Club, Miner's Cooperative, F. E. Economics, Sociology, NRA, History of Labor, R. A. Workers, Relief Strikers, Consumers Coop- Social Insurance, Labor Law, Dramatics, Systems erative Study Club, Transient Boys Club, Workers of Social Change, Proposed Economic Programs, Boys' and Girls' Clubs, and Mooney-Billings Com- and other courses. The other direction represents mittee. another wild fling, this time behind the glittering generalities of such personalities as Huey Long Churches sensitive to what has happened these and Father Coughlin. This second direction replast five years will note the following develop- resents a grave danger in which America may ments. Immediately after the crash in 1929, un- unwittingly be Hitlerized. employed almost in mass resorted to self-help activities. Many organizations developed in The Constitution of the Workers and Farmers every community—{)ver thirty in the City of Alliance of EI Paso County, Colorado, strikingly Denver. This work proceeded largely without similar to others over the country, represents a public approval and was sometimes discouraged more earnest effort by the unemployed. Incidenby both business and organized labor. Social tally, one of the trusted officers of this Alliance is workers generally ignored this outpouring of co- Rev. John Jorden, of St. Paul's Church, Colorado operative initiative, but where churches and civic Springs. This relationship is typical of hundreds of situations and indicates a part that the church can play. This organization strives to be wholly

HOW THE CHURCH CAN HELP THE UNEMPLOYED

American. The Preamble to the Constitution is activities. In many instances all that is needed well worth reading. is encouragement to develop some significantly helpful and creative interests, including interest Because of the hopeless political situation now confront- in Consumers' Cooperatives. Education should ing the United States, and the fact that our Legislative, be dominant. Ministers should be especially Executive and Judiciary bodies are in constant disagree- aware of workers' education, and should promote ment regarding a workable program to stabalize industry related activities of forums, panels, dramatics, and fulfill the promises of a new deal for the masses: We, music, art, and other avocations. the producing citizens of the nation have found it neces- Excellent work is being done in the field of GRACE CHURCH COOPERATIVE POTATO CAMP workers' education. Preachers need to be in- formed. The purpose of this workers' education sary to organize in sundry groups for self-protection not is: "to foster among workers a better understandonly against entrenched predatory wealth as formerly, ing of economic and social problems, interpreting but also against gross injustice caused by political favor- them in the light of accurate information and of itism in the government agencies entrusted with the dole our own experience; to instruct workers in prinand work relief program for its millions of unemployed ciples of labor organization and in method of victims. . . . building an activ.ely intelligent Labor Movement; to encourage the building of a social order ade- Our meetings will be educational in nature and should quate for all the needs of all the people." follow the lines of economic class interest without advocating any special creed or politics and our aim should be the The pall of many churches in unemployed amalgamation of all useful workers of hand and brain, in neighborhoods is poor church attendance and order that a careful and intelligent mass action may be apparent indifference. Cooperation on the part applied in case of a crisis. of the church to meet the real needs of the people will make the minister a busy person with a hun- dred demands: as a speaker before unemployed groups, an advisor, and a leader in the effort to bring about better conditions.

The church should also strive to be a commu- nity center endeavoring to meet special needs- for recreation, nursery schools, activities to pre- A casual observer will note that the world will A GRACE COMMUNI'IW CHURCH BOYS' CLUB whirl for some time to come. This easily reveals the first opportunity of the Church to the unem- vent juvenile delinquency and help with family ployed. Churches need to open their doors and problems. Grace Church received the following allow space to be used by the people. Churches letter from the Crime Prevention Bureau of in the less fortunate neighborhoods should not be Denver: closed week days. More fortunate churches could well afford to help support strategically located DEAR REV. WAHLBERG: churches of the disinherited as centers for unemployed and workers' activities. Grace Church I wish to use this means of expressing to you my comhouses over 300 different meetings a month. The pliments of the effective work you are doing in your December report of the caretaker is interesting. district. "We have at this time meeting here nine labor unions, sixteen educational and workers' classes, four labor auxiliaries, and fifteen other groups. The chapel and rooms iIi the Community Building, including Children's Work and Boys' and Girls' Clubs, are used 365 times a month, not including the Sunday school where the rooms are used again. The Chapel frequently is used and cleaned as many as four times daily, especially on Saturdays -most of the others twice daily."

A second procedure is to cultivate self-help

From a spot map made in the Juvenile Court, I find It is the experience of the writer that the unemonly one boy's case filed in 1932 and one in 1933 in the' ployed, when confidence is established, turn eagerarea bounded by Broadway, West Colfax and Speer. This ly to the Christian minister for guidance. The is indeed a fact to be proud of. Grace Unemployed Cooperative Arbitration Com- mittee, of which the pastor is a member, has been The work of a community center with the necessary able to settle many disputes and has handed down equipment can never be estimated in dollars. Our delin- many interesting decisions. The Church can win quency problem would be practically wiped out if we had many of these people to Christ if, in addition to a sufficient number of such institutions as the Grace Com- shouting the Kingdom of God, it also uses its munity Church. influence to build up the Kingdom and to share its blessings with the workers. Trusting that your good work will continue, I am Respectfully, A labor union took over the job of decorating EDMUND C. YOUNG, Grace Church in which twenty-one unemployed painters donated most of their time until the job Bureau of Probation and Delinquency Prevention. was completed. Asked why union labor was will- ing to work without pay the union boss replied, The Church must give meaning to its social "We men like to help a good cause. A church GOSPel pronouncements if it hopes to win the that is doing the work of your church deserves unemployed to Christ. To announce that the the best. If we had left our job half done, we Church is committed to fair wages and better would always have felt guilty. We just have to working conditions and at the same time to ignore play fair with these boys and girls. And a fellow the plight of workers in any particular neighbor- is willing to do most anything when he is apprehood is a glaring contradiction which indicates ciated. Most folks, it seems, find it a lot easier insincerity. Church people as a rule have no true to damn us and misunderstand us. Here, we have idea of such things as socialism, corporations, seen with our own eyes a real service, and have labor unions, strikes, lockouts, and other social felt a real Christian appreciation of humanity. concepts that are constantly met in this world. You can't turn that down. It ain't profits. folks The unemployed are often more anxious about wants, it's life." finding something good in the Church· than is the Church itself. Religious interest is riot highly developed in the masses. Nevertheless, they are keenly sensitive to a common language that bespeaks fellowship in the struggle to iive.

Juvenile Criminals and the Church By HOMER L. DICKERSON, Nickerson, Nebraska j there is no such thing as "an average juvenile delinquent," we maintain that in the majority of THERE are few social problem~, today of more cases these characteristics are found. Just as we interest than that of crime. _any plans are have what we term the average American citizen offered for its solution. Some may work but so we note the characteristics of the average many are hopeless. There is one thing certain, juvenile delinquent. He may be described as folhowever, that if we can stop juvf!nge delinquency lows: the larger problem of crime is s~lved. How to do this has thus far batHed those'most interested. He is 18 years of age and unmarried. He is a Some believe criminals are born to be at odds nominal member of a church that he never atwith society. Others say that any child born into tends. (See table 2.) His mother and father the environment out of which delinquents come, are of foreign birth and do not speak the English is doomed to spend his life fleeing from the law. language well. (See table 1.) He has been raised in a home in which there has been serious trouble On the basis of an investigation of a modern due either to -divorce or death of his parents., reformatory, we make certain suggestions as to (Sixty-one of the boys did not live with both of what the Church can do about the solution of their parents.) This average delinquent has this problem. always lived in a poverty-stricken home situated in a tenement district of a large city. There are For convenience and clarity we include a chart seven in the family and some of his brothers have of two and have summed up the dominant char- been in trouble with the authorities. The boy did acteristics of the 100 boys and included them in what we call the average delinquent. While we readily admit the weakness of this method, since

JUVENILE CRIMINALS AND THE CHURCH

not like school and often played truant. He began ous to mention. Each situation has its own soluschool at the age of six and left at fourteen after tion; the main thing is that the minister take completing the seventh grade. His mental age an interest in such boys. is approximately ten years and eight months. This young man has repeated at least one grade The program of the Boy Scouts should also in school. Since then he has had two jobs and appeal to boys. Yet our survey shows that only worked on each on the average of nine months at three had membership in that organization. While $16.98 a week. He was unemployed at the time certain phases of the Boy Scout movenie]J.t may he committed the crime for which he was sent to not always appeal, yet the whole program is the Reformatory. His leisure time was spent in flexible enough to be adjusted to many needs. The loafing. Prior to his present committal he has great difficulty' is to get leaders. Here the minbeen convicted of four crimes. ister can be of great help, through appealing to his men to give their time in taking care of a What Can the Church Do? Scout patrol of potential delinquents.

In making recommendations as to what the The Prevention of Delinquency minister can do to aid in the rehabilitation of these boys, first let us consider the position of the Weare not concerned alone in rehabilitating minister in the community. boys but rather in preventing them from becom- ing delinquent. The natural question is what He is the man especially trained to guide those can the minister do about the boy whose parents forces which build character. While it is not cannot speak English freely? It seems only reanecessary or wise, that he be the head of such sonable that he use his influence to obtain social organizations as the Y. M. C. A., the Boy Scouts workers who speak both languages and know and other leisure-time agencies, he should be in both cultures, to act as foster parents to both the constant contact with them and should aid in young man and his parents. If this can not be making their influence felt in the community. Ac- done an effort can be made to obtain members of cording to this survey the Y. M. C. A. and the his church willing to "take" a foreign-speaking Boy Scouts have played little or no part in the family and help to orient them to their new envilives of these boys. Only two have attended the ronment. He can open his church to classes in "Y" and three the Boy Scouts. Such a situation adult education. should not exist. Certainly the recreational program of the "Y" should appeal to the thousands In facing the problem of the school we find it of potential delinquents. Despite the fact that particularly difficult. Our survey shows that 73 per cent of the boys came from cities where overwhelming numbers of the boys studied have the Y. M. C. A. is operating, only two per cent had difficulty in school, many at a very early age. were regular attendants. The ministers can aid in The survey also shows that the majority of the getting boys who need the "Y" into its recrea- boys were below the average mental level. Taking tional classes. It is probable that the apparent all these things into consideration it seems wise, failure of the "Y" is not due to any desire on its that when this situation is known to exist, we part to serve only those of the more favored should adapt our educational standards to meet classes, but rather due to a lack of financial and the needs of this group. They have proven their moral support from those whom the minister can mental handicap, and to continue trying to make reach. Putting it more plainly, the delinquent them measure up to the old recognized educational very often cannot pay for membership. Neither standards simply fosters truancy. Many people can the "Y." Some one else must do it. The today believe truancy to be the threshold of a minister, working in cooperation with the "Y" criminal career. The minister once convinced of secretary, could help in getting his church mem- the necessity of teaching the manual arts to those bers to subscribe toward free memberships for who have difficulty in mastering textbook knowlsuch boys as these. edge should use his influence with the school au- thorities to provide these children with opportuni- The minister should be one to greet the boy ties t(')· develop their talents along the lines of upon his return from the reform school. He their abilities. can act as the one to whom the boy can go for guidance. It would be worth while· for him to The writer is not qualified to offer a perfect see that the young man is immediately given a educational program. Modern educators are free membership in the "Y" and that he be per- working on this and in many cases are doing a mitted to join other clubs provided for him. He fine piece of work. Some examples are the project might prevail upon a member of his church to method, platoon or opportunity classes and trainact as a Big Brother to the boy. The avenues ing in the manual arts. These programs are built the minister can open to help him are too numer- to fit the needs of the pupils. The greatest ob- stacle to that kind of training comes from the

adults who have been through the old system, and ing minister. The laboring man should under- are convinced of its merits and resent any change. stand that the Christian religion functioning If they had the new system explained to them, properly will obtain for him the very thing he many would approve it. The Parent-Teacher As- wants most; that is, a chance to live life at its sociation is an excellent organization for foster- best.

ing understanding between the parent and the Having said all this, the natural question arises teacher. The minister can offer very practical how can a minister find time to do all these things ? help toward this understanding by becoming an One minister may not be able to do it alone but active supporter of this organization and advising groups of ministers, planning together can do the his church members to do the same. work effectively. It is admittedly a hard task. Reformatory officers believe their plan of keep- Some people may be poor and others rich, some live in tenements and others in mansions, some ing every waking moment of the boy's days full of are in conflict with the laws and others obey them, activity, is responsible for their comparatively but all must be served by the Christian minister. small number of disciplinary problems. The His task is to coordinate these diverse groups so Christian minister can learn much from their ex- that the fortunate and the unfortunate will live perience. Many modern communities have very together in harmony, and all will be given an opfew other than commercial amusements for youth. portunity to enjoy the abundant life found in Motion picture shows soon become tiresome, many Jesus Christ. are unwholesome and the boys do not have the money to pay for these amusements. They must TABLE 1 get their recreation some place. Why not in the church? Most of our churches are now used THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL AND THE CHURCH only one or two days a week. It is possible that a Place of Birth Fathers Mothers minister, working with his men could organize United States ……………….. . 44 41 clubs as leisure-time activities, varied enough to Italy ……………………….. . 22 18 appeal to the taste of most of the young people in Poland ……………………… . 8 10 the community. Each local situation should be Czecho-Slovakia ………………. . 3 3 Germany ……………………. . 3 3 planned in accordance with its own needs. Ireland ……………………… . 2 4 Such a program should interest these boys in Russia ……………………… . 2 4 the worship service of the church. There are England ……………………. . 1 1 some who doubt the efficiency of church attend- Australia ……………………. . 1 2 ance as a crime deterrent. A recent report from Lithuania …………………… . 1 1 Scotland ……………………. . 1 1 one reformatory reveals that there is a strong Wales ……………………… . 1 o correlation between church attendance before Haiti ………………………. . o 1 commitment and success on parole, and a still West Indies …………………. . 1 1 stronger link between church attendance while on Ukraine …………………….. . 1 o parole and success. 91 91 CHURCH ATTENDANCE PRIOR TO COMMITMENT Dead (Nationality not known) .. 9 9 Regular ………. 2 failing out of 26 ( 8 per cent) Total 100 100 Irregular ……… 35 failing out of 216 (16 per cent) None .; ……….. 15 failing out of 42 (36 per cent) TABLE 2 CHURCH ATTENDANCE ON PAROLE THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL AND THE CHURCH Regular ………. 2 failing out of 77 ( 3 per cent) Attendance Irregular ……… 29 failing out of 169 (17 per cent) None …………• 23 failing out of 41 (56 per cent) Church Reg- Fre- Sel- Never Membership ular quent dom Ministers cannot obtain work for all the unem- 45 ployed. They can do much, however, to improve Roman Catholic 63 8 1 9 7 the situation. Ample opportunities offer them- 1 4 selves to a minister for making employers more MPArfeertsihcboaydntiesrtBiaaEnpptiis.sct.o.p..a.l ….. 13 0 0 5 5 conscious of the needs of the employees. The 6 0 3 Christian social message from the pulpit should 6 0 1 1 1 be practical enough and so pointed that no em- 2 2 ployer can mistake the practical application. A 0 0 1 '0 modern minister should let the employees in his 0 1 parish know that he understands their· problems Hebrew ………….. 0. 3 0 0 0 and can offer practical advice and help. Labor organizations need the influence of an understand- African Methodist …. 3 0 0 Greek Catholic …….. 2 0 0 Baptist …….. ~ ………. 1 0 1 Dutch Reformed …… 0 .. 1 0 0 Totals ……………. 98 11 2 17 68 The 99th boy stated he was a Protestant but never at- tended. The 100th boy was not a member of any church and never goes. These figures were taken from the boys' own statements.

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II Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO IN THE PROGRAM BUILD- to be used in the year opening in is one of the slogans of the new September, the n thoroughly day. ER'S WORKSHOP study them with your local groupings in mind. If possible, 4. Try to give every person in The "convenient season" for attend a summer conference your organization or group building programs is now upon where the new material is ex- something to do in the line of his us and missionary planners ploited. aptitude. All should work, learn, should take advantage of the fa- pray, give; but why hamper the cilities which summer affords 2. Ca,ter to appetites in the expression of truth by asking for that important bit of church matter of variety and pleasing Moses to make a speech or construction. The plans, speci- flavor. Don't serve the new Aaron to lead a multitude? It fications and blueprints for the things in the same old ways of might well be the task of a definew Home Mission studies are last year. Cast the material in nite committee to find not a but not yet available for your De- the form of p I a y s, pageants, the job for every member. Repartment Editor inasmuch as original dramatizations of the member that aptitudes which naher "mansions" are, like those in study books and leaflets, cos- ture has dyed in the wool can't Dr. Gordon's famous dream, tumed impersonations, visualiza- be faded out in the wash. "strictly limited by the material tions, object lessons, debates, sent up from below," namely, discussions, book reviews, mov- 4. Direct all study or inforsupplied in summer conferences ing and stereopticon pictures, mation into the channel of some and schools of mission study. capitalization of special days and expressional projec.t which shall An abundance of detailed plans events, exhibitions, demonstra- conserve instead of evaporating will be ready for our readers a tions, expressional projects for emotional energy. We learn little later. Meanwhile founda- hand, mind and pocketbook-all about this or that people in order tions may be laid according to the kaleidoscopic colorings for to do for them. the fundamental principles enu- truth which this Department has merated in this issue, and some tried to pass on from its con- 5. Use new charts. Find new specific plans of value are given stituency from month to month. machinery. Steer new courses. herewith. Sharpen up your Write to The Religious Motion But never lose sight of or subortools! Picture Foundation, 140 Nassau dinate the unchanging goal of St., New York City, for its cata- salvation through Jesus Christ On the Ground Floor log covering the widest variety for the whole world. Social of moving pictures available at service is a good means to the 1. Adapt plans to age-require- an insignificant price, if you can end; but it must never be misment and type of mind. For- possibly arrange to buy or bor- taken for the end. A unique iltunately m 0 s t denominational row a projector (s eve r a I lustration of adaptation of old agencies for missionary educa- churches sharing the same in- means to new conditions is aftion bring out annually courses strument, as in some friendly forded by the project called and programs prepared by ex- communities) . Study variety perts familiar with pedagogy and utilize the imagination. Cooperation Between the and current needs. "What is sauce for the goose" is no longer 3. Make sure you serve up P. T. A. and Church Schools considered "sauce for the gan- worthful material, not froth and der," as was formerly the case flavor meant as appetizers. Use The following article is contribin making up missionary pro- materials provided in the United uted by Mrs. J. D. Burton, Disgrams . for men and women, Mission Study Courses, supple- trict President of the Tennessee adults and children. But even mented by your specific denom- Congress of Parents and Teachwell-graded material needs to be inational plans and amplified by ers in the Sixth District: adapted locally, and this requires at least one independent publicagenuine work on the part of tion such as THE REVIEW, which The early history of education leaders. First write your de- sees beyond the boundaries of in Tennessee is the story of the partment of missionary educa- the various communions into the. early academies, in the main tion or the literature secretary Land of Universal Brotherhood private schools taught usually by for all the plans and materials and Cooperation. "Togetherism" ministers who had come into the communities for purposes of [301 ] evangelization. At that time these church schools were looked

upon as "foreign enterprises" Is it not possible that Mrs. Similar themes but much and the teachers as having nothing in common with the com- Burton has, in the foregoing, simpler ones must be used munities in which the schools outlined one of the "next steps" among junior groups. Are the were located and no cooperation with the public schools. This is in Home Missions? foregoing too hard for the averno longer true, and the leaders Instead of a "Preachment" age minister or his membership? in the private church schools The study necessary for adeand in the public schools have by the pastor or a program by quate discussion will in itself be learned to work together. It is unifying education and public the laity, why not have an occa- one of the high values of the sentiment in the Cumberland sional forum? Due to changes project. Do we "tremble for Mountains. The church schools today are rendering a fine serv- in psychology as well as current the ark of the Lord," fearing to ice in Christian education and pedagogy, this method of releas- "unsettle" our church folk? are pursuing the method of cooperation with other groups in ing information is becoming in- Most of the m, particularly the region. The leadership of the two lines finds a common creasingly popular, particularly among the younger generation, m€eting ground in the Parent- Teacher Association Movement among the educated folk inclu- .have already raised the questions which serves the home, school sive of the younger people (but and guidance in their thinking and community. It is nonsectarian and nonpartisan. Much then don't we remember the ex- will tend to clarify rather than is being accomplished in the way of coordination of e f for t. citing debates in "the little old to unsettle. This guidance is one Through this method public and private educators meet in joint red schoolhouse" of our youth ?) . of the major tasks of wide-awake deliberation as to ways in which From Stanley Jones' round table pastors and leaders and will be their programs can be coor- discussions in India even to suc- a direct contribution toward the dinated for the good of all. This involves unification of effort, co- cessful American evangelism, missionary cause. ordination of endeavor and economy of expenditure. pro and con discussions under a The forum method is particu- larly adapted to the considera- The Sixth District of the Ten- leader who holds the reins firmly tion of subject matter in our nessee Congress of Parents and to direct and to prevent a run- new Home Mission study books, away seem to fit the mood of the outstanding among which for Teachers is composed of seven adults is "Toward a Christian counties in the heart of the Cum- present generation. Given a America: The Contribution of berland Mountains. There are live topic, a skilful leader, a Home Missions," by Hermann N. Morse. (Cloth, $1.00; paper, 406 public schools in the district. small group of round-table talk- 60 cents.) An idea of its con- The problem of isolation is a ers who know how to talk, and tents and of the debatable ma- permission for a later free-for- terial may be gained from the large one in a number of places. chapter headings: all from the floor, with a definite Church schools are maintained time limit, such discussions I. Home Missions and the Chrishere by the Congregational, the among persons of any age above tian Ideal for America. Methodist Episcopal, the Meth- the grammar grades may prove II. Home Missions Reach Out. odist Episcopal South and the most fertile. They may even III. Home Missions Come of Age. Presbyterian churches, all oper- furnish a good Sunday evening ating under the boards and agencies of these denominations. service for the harassed pastor who preaches himself hoarse to The method followed is to have the private 'schools as members a handful. IV. Home Missions Take Stock of of the P. T. A. Movement, and to have their leaders participate in In these days of doubt as to the Present. the need of Foreign Missions, V. Evangelization-the Need. the Sixth District Conference of VI. Evangelization-the Means. the State P. T. A. Leaders of why not arrange a forum to ex- VII. Home Missions and Social Wel- ploit such live topics as these: public schools meet and make fare. contact with leaders of church schools in this way, thus pro- Have Foreign Missions outlived VIII. The Ministry of Service. moting mutual understanding of their usefulness? Are we justified in IX. Can Christians Cooperate?

viewpoints and needs. The joint diverting funds so badly needed at X. The Promise and Its Fulfilefforts are eliminating many ob- home to present the Gospel to an un- ment. stacles to the educational development of the region through willing people filled with the national- This study is most timely. Its istic spirit? the P. T. A. program. Can western Christianity be grafted keynote was sounded at the In- on to Oriental civilizations? Or are not their own reformed and modern- ternational Missionary Council ized religions better suited to the back- in its meeting at Jerusalem, by grounds and needs of Orientals? R. H. Tawney, when he said: Will not Buddhism be adequate if "You cannot at once preach the revamped by Christianity? religion of Christianity and practice the religion of material Is any Oriental religion or philos- success, which is the creed of a ophy sufficient for personal salvation?

"By their fruits"-a comparison of twenty centuries under Christianit"y great part of the western world with a similar period under any non- Christian religion or philosophy. and is the true competitor of Christianity for the allegiance May the sacred writings of Bud- of mankind." The 1935-36 dhists or Confucianists be considered their Old Testament, on which to graft studies face up to this fact and the Christian New Testament? To what extent may we now with- study the remedy. After the program builder has read one or draw our support in money and mis- sionaries from mission churches? more of the books written for

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING'

our consideration, forum topics colors and consequent denial of equal- expressed in His commands to His ity in opportunity. followers? (The devotional service will suggest themselves, espe- may well feature these commands.) Disproportional spending upon ourcially when the study is linked selves in building churches and educa- PUTTING THE "I" INTO "FRONup with the book of two years tional plants to the neglect of the less ago, "Christianity and Industry privileged. TIERSMEN"

in America," by Alva W. Taylor. War the traditional method of set- This program may either be given tling disputes. illustrated with the blackboard or a (Price the same as for current chart on which the letter "i" has been books.) Some general discus- Food raised in abundance and de- placed, that letter being enclosed in a sion topics might well be: stroyed, while many are in bread lines. ring in each of the suggested words , Personal expenditure on trivialities and neglect of missionary benevo- Has social service a legitimate place lences. What can you find in the written by the speaker as her theme in Home Mission study and endeavor, spirit and daring of the Pioneer that develops – "p art i e s," "m 0 vie s," or should we confine ourselves exclu- can be used by us as we plan a Chris- "t h rill s," "selfishness," "laziness," sively to evangelistic effort? tian solution in crossing these "open "service," "faith," "industry," etc., frontiers"? treating the large capital "I" in the Can the needs of village or town be same way; or two cards about 8×10 better met by a community church List the qualities or characteristics may be prepared with lower case "i" than a variety of denominational or- of Jesus which you think would be on one and the capital on the other, ganizations? needed by the Christian youth of to- two speakers giving the talk so that day who would enlist in this crusade? one may handle the undesirable and A study of "cooperatives." the other the desirable qualities. In- (The word "pioneer" is used several stead of being written at the time, as American Christianity and a mech- times in Moffatt's translation of the meIttioned previously, the words might anized civilization. New Testament. See Acts 3: 14 and be prepared beforehand and circled Heb. 12: 2.) with red as discussed. Capitalism and Christianity.

Cooperation vs. competition.

The new Home Mission Frontiers.

WHAT ARE THE NEEDS OF HUMANITY? Speaker says the letter "i" repre- Sample Programs This study is to guide young people sents you and me-small and insig- nificant as we feel sometimes, so that The study of frontiers is a in discovering the common needs of we think it makes no difference what particularly helpful one among humanity around the wo~ld and help we do or say. So we put this "i" into the problems of the day. Where "movies," "thrills," etc., and get so are they? What type of leader- them become aware of the human engrossed in putting it into "good ship do they demand? What times" that we forget to use it anysupport can we render from the values to which Christianity has given where else. So long as we do that, it home base? Suggestive program will remain small "i," for it will find captions might be: Trails across emphasis in dealing with the problems its way into "selfishness," "indiffer- Frontiers; Trail Breakers; A ence," etc., and even, perhaps, into Christian Guide for the New of the world's needs. Ask the ques- "unbelief." As none of us wish to re- Frontiers; Scouting for the main "i" all our lives, we must study Kingdom in the Homeland; tion of the topic and list replies on the to put the "i" into "service," "faith," Christianity at the Crossroads in "trustworthiness," "generosity," "kind- 1935; Rediscovering America. blackboard. Leader of the discussion ness," "stewardship," "worship" and This Department is indebted to similar activities, in the course of the Disciples' publications for then directs the group thinking to the which it will grow and become large. packets of literature furnishing (Draw large "I," or second person studies on Frontiers, for young conclusion that we all need about the comes forward with card.) people. Programs might well be built on the topics and subtopics same things, regardless of geography, Many "I's" have become great by of which the following are ex- being put into "frontiersmen" who go amples: race or color; that some races in our forth with faith in God and man to some worthwhile task. There are GUIDEPOSTS THAT POINT THE WAY own land would have their needs met many worthy frontiers. Let us dis- cuss some sponsored by the Church- Jesus Christ the Supreme Pioneer. if we as Christians shared with them the field· of missions. Modern Guideposts Dis reg a r d more fairly; that the nations of the Boundary Lines of Tradition or Race. (The ensuing portion of the pro- To the Frontier of Life Work. world would enjoy a different standard gram includes short talks by several To That of Racial Understanding. members who give sketches of pioneers To World Peace. of living if Christians set out with a in various fields, either of their own To Law Enforcement. denomination or the world at large- To Foreign Lands. determination to share as they have Whitman, Grenfell, John Mason Peck, Call to a Crusade to Cross and Pos- been blessed. ' William Carey, Adoniram Judson, sess Open Frontiers. etc.) The common needs: A good Chris- Some of us would like to substitute tian home; a sound body; a chance the letter "u" for "i" in "frontiers," but it does not work. We cannot turn for, an education; an opportunity to over our responsibility to others with- out halting progress. work; wholesome recreation; friends *** and neighbors; worship and fellow- ship in church. God has a plan for each of us and Institutions through which our needs are met: Home, school, library, church, park, places of entertainment, hospital, stores, banks.

What is expected of each individual if these institutions are to function and meet the needs of the people?

Each person should contribute by (a) Living and sharing as a good cit- izen, regardless of race or color; (b) Working and sharing by giving of the particular ability that is his in con- tributing to his fellow man.

Do your fundamental needs differ from those of others in your commu- nity? Your nation? The world?

OPEN FRONTIERS Why? it is our duty to make the most of the "Frontiers are not East or West, Compare the community in which talents and opportunities He gives us, North or South, but wherever a man you live with. those of mission fields knowing well that the frontiers He fronts a fact." (home or foreign) of which you have appoints for us to develop will enable A Survey of the Facts: studied. Think of the different races us to render a worthwhile service and in the U. S.-Negroes, Orientals, Mex- to find genuine happiness. We know Freedom of youth to make its plans icans, etc., and say whether they have that He will not fail to put the "I" and choose its life work. the privileges which you have. that is Himself into the word: "Thou Common attitude of white people As Christian youth, in what ways hast been faithful in little things, that of superiority to other races or can you carry out Christ's ideals as enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~,===–===–=-======–=-===-===-====—====,~ WATCH AND PRAY before my mouth; Keep the door by Senorita Laura Jorquera of of my lips." Santiago, Chile. The theme is Recently, an exiled German "On Earth Peace, Goodwill To- Recently, Pope Pius XI led his ward Men." Senorita J orquera Christian leader answered the people in praying that the war writes: question, What can we do now makers in the world might be scattered. The implication of Close upon three thousand years for the German people? by say- such praying is that cooperation ago, a prophet of Israel laughed deing quietly – "Too late, too late, risively, saying: "They see visions of with God, our Heavenly Father, peace, and there is no peace" (Ezekiel for the practical help which in prayer and action would 13: 16). And his bitter words have hasten the day when, as Isaiah rung through the years, and are bewould have come if the allies of foretold-"justice shall dwell in ing constantly repeated in the same the last war had granted but a the wilderness; and righteous- derisive tones today. little armament and had pro- ness shall abide in the fruitful ceeded to disarm in their own field. And the work of righteous- All things to the contrary notwithcountries but a little. And now ness shall be peace; and the ef- standing, we believe in and we work fect of righteousness, quietness and we pray for the advent of peace I can only say 'w a t chand and confidence forever." And among the nations, for goodwill there shall be no more war! among men. Pray.''' The implications of his During Holy Week, the presi- "Watch and Pray" are that dents of the Federal Council of Does anyone ask if working friends will keep steadfast and the Churches of Christ in Amer- for peace is home missions? Annot curse another people; also, ica, the American Section of the swer: What price home missions that prayer may bring wisdom Universal Christian Council, the if the world goes to war? how best to help. Do we "watch World Alliance for Internaand pray" that our own national tional Friendship through the Study and Act Rightly leaders, especially in public affairs, be given wisdom? An Months and years have gone American Christian I e a d e r startled a group by praying for Churches, and the International into the study now offered in the Mr. Hitler that he should "look upon his own people with com- Missionary Council, sent out a new home mission study text passion, and thus find wisdom world-wide call to prayer for "Toward a Christian America," for the next steps." Have we peace "To All Who Love Our by Hermann N. Morse. A discusprayed for Hitler? "Lord we believe. Help thou our unbelief." Lord Jesus Christ." Written at sion outline to be used in con- A communication dated March a time when "the spectre of war nection with the study of "To- 28, 1935, from the Woman's Disarmament Committee of Inter- again haunts the world" and ward a Christian America" has llational Organizations wit h when "today the world for which been prepared by Kenneth Dexheadquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, sent an appeal to the Jesus Christ died seems ready to ter Miller, pastor of the Presbywomen of the entire world "to remain calm in the face of the crucify Him afresh," the appeal· terian Church, Madison, N. J. complications and anxieties of the present hour." It begs them urges upon all Christians to Determined effort to bridge any not to circulate alarming and unsubstantial reports, but on the pray for peace in every public chasms existing among the contrary, never forgetting the interdependence of nations, to service, and in their homes; also young, the somewhat older, and keep intact their faith in the ideal of international coopera- that "in our own lives we so older church members is back tion. Do we "circulate alarming and unsubstantial reports" and truly have the spirit of peace of the other texts – "Christian so add to the general disorder? With the Psalmist, may we pray that we can be co-workers with Youth in Action" by Frank W. now, "Set a watch, 0 Jehovah, God in building a peaceful Herriott, and "What Will You world." Do About It?" by Frank W. Her- The next World Day of riott and Sue Weddell.

Prayer for Missions sponsored Will you also seriously con- by the Committee on Women's sider if last year's study of "Th~ Work of the Foreign Missions Oriental in American Life" has Conference, and the Council of changed prevalent attitudes to- Women for Home Missions will ward Japanese, Filipinos, and be on the first Friday in Lent, Chinese? Are our hom e s, February 28, 1936. The pro- churches, and communities gram for 1936 has been prepared changed because we studied?

[304 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOM;E MISSIONS

God forbid that it could have into Christian ways of life, and He applied to the agency for such a job. There were no jobs just then. been only a passing show! true American citizenship. He wanted to be kept busy, he would The Lost Generation of At a recent meeting of the In- do some painting anyway if the dian Committee of the Home agency would furnish the paint. The agency had no paint to furnish. Joe American Indian Youth Missions Councils this question hung around the reservation. Futility, was discussed. It was sug- boredom, the ridicule of the old people The lost generation of Indian gested that missionaries among -well, drinking helped to get through Americans is the present one. the Indians should be supplied the day. Joe started to drink, first Here and there are bright areas with good books on anthropol- once in a while, then whenever he where Indian boys and girls are could get some one to pay for it, or having the opportunities to "life, ogy, as for instance "The Amer- get an odd job for enough to buy a liberty, and the pursuit of hap- ican Indian" by Clark Wissler; drink. piness," but over and around the few bright areas are storm "The Indians of Today," by Schools and communities clouds of suspicion, animosities, George Bird Grinnell; "The where a staff of Religious Eduheated arguments, and the de- Story of the American Indian," cation Directors is now being struction of life processes by the maintained by the Indian Compersons and groups who should by Paul Radin. "Facing the Fu- mittee of the Home Missions ture in Indian Missions" by Mer- Councils: riam and Hinman, and the lat- ter's study, "Indian Americans instead give life energy to con- and Christian Missions" are still Albuquerque and Santa Fe, New Mexico. Number of students enrolled: structive measures. Even church available. "Indians at Work," Albuquerque, 690; Santa Fe, 487. groups during the storm have issued by the Office of Indian Flandreau, South Dakota. Students, given less and less Christian Affairs, is available on request 450. leadership and money for reli- from the Department of Interior, Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kan- gious education work among In- Washington, D. C. Sas. Students, 675.

dian students. They have grown In the present liquor situation Lac du Flambeau, Wi s con sin. weary in well-doing or they too in the U. S. A., Christian citizens Largely community work where pupils are in public schools. argue about matters which living near Indian neighbors can Salem Indian School, Chemawa, should be secondary to the reli- be of service in preventing ex- Oregon. Students, 300. gious training of these potential Sherman Institute, Riverside, Calileaders of a minority group of ploitation of "the lost genera- fornia. Students, 658. tion." Merriam in "Facing the American citizens. Future in Indian Missions" The educational policy of the From the March number of p(}i,nts out that originally Indians Government is concerned with Indian Truth, published by the were not distillers of liquor. "An building up family-and-commu- Indian Rights Association, the Indian with a little money is a nity life for Indian people. The good customer for the illegal dis- seven schools in which the staff following is ~uoted : is at work will continue. Sev- eral other large high schools When the Wheeler-Howard bill be- penser.. . Prohibition has came a law June 18, 1934, it author- brought a new set of problems. have asked for religious educa- ized .appropriation of $12,500,000 al- Ever since 1802 the Federal Gov- tion directors. The opportunity though not one penny was actually ernment has attempted to con- for mission enterprises of a made available. community type, such as at Lac trol the sale of liquor to ward The Budget estimates as submitted Indians . . . the bootlegger du Flambeau, is increasing. to Congress carried the following items for operating the Wheeler- takes advantage of open coun- Howard Act: Revolving Credit Fund try." And the people are de- With more cooperation of church $5,000,000 or one-half the amount authorized; .for land acquisitions $1,000,~ stroyed! g r 0 ups and individuals, the OOO-<me-haif. of the aut h 0 r i zed One of the directors on the Home Missions Councils are amount; for student educational loans staff of the Home Missions Coun- ready to serve more adequately $175,000c-which is $75;000 below the cils wrote recently: the Indian youth of today. authorization; and for expenSe. of tribal organizations, $250,000 -the Joe comes from a reservation in Bright Areas original authorization. South Dakota. South Dakota is mostly As Congress specifically authorized farming country. In times of drouth Young Indian Wedding: "Not certain appropriations to carry out the there are no .crops. When there are no provisions of the act, it would seem to crops there are no fobs, and no money. long ago a couple of our fine be in duty bound to at least accept the From Joe's home to the nearest well young people expressed their de- budget estimates; otherwise any fail-' of water was a walk of over a mile. sire to be married. Both were ure to secure the results expected can-. :.Joe's father and mother did not care graduates from the Sherman Innot be charged against theadminis:,J' ·much any more. Joe went away to a dian Institute. The young man trative officers. ;' . . . r 'vocational school. Painting seemed to fit him best, and he was good at it. is employed at the Institute on One controversial mat t e r Not particularly gifted as a leader, the farm. As they wanted a Joe was. nevertheless cooperative and quiet wedding we were delighted which limits advance in religious community minded. The staff de- pended' on his support in student ac- to have them choose our home work is the advantages and dis- tivities. Then at his graduation, Joe for the occasion. advantages of recognizing the' went back to the reservation. If ever best in the old' Indian culture a place needed paint it was Joe's own "On the morning of the chosen and customs and using these best home. But the old people grinned. day the bride brought arm loads where was the money to buy paint? elements as bases for growth of wildflowers to decorate the

fireplace. Red candles- were College where they have been Hitherto the Commission on Interplaced on the mantle in accord- students for two years, living at ance with their wish. Lovely racial Cooperation has taken no posisprays of apricot blossoms com- Sherman Institute and earning tion relative to federal anti-lynching their board and room by render- legislation. We were agreed that the primary responsibility for the preven- pleted the decorations. ing twelve hours' work each tion and punishment of lynching rested upon state officials and courts, week. and that, in the last analysis, public Both girls are making very opinion was largely the determining good records in their studies be- factor. Consequently, the Commission from its inception has worked contin- ing on the honor roll. They are uously along these lines, seeking anti- planning to become teachers of lynching legislation in a number of states, urging vigorous preventive measures when lynchings were threat- ened, asking effective court action ,.Ilgainst the members of mobs, and at the same time seeking through all possible avenues of publicity and edu- cation to build up a public opinion that would no longer tolerate crimes of this character.

Lynching records of the last fifteen years indicate progress along the line of prevention. Officers generally are more vigilant than formerly in the protection of prisoners, thereby re- ducing the lynching toll. Meantime intelligent public opinion is practically unanimous in condemnation of mob "By eight o'clock in the eve- violence. On the contrary, with rare excep- ning a few close friends and be- tions, attempts at prosecution in lynch- ing cases continue to be futile. In loved teachers had arrived. The nearly every case the community hyssoft light of the candles and the teria which gives rise to a lynching open fire shed a mellow welcome. makes impossible any effective court "As the music began, the EUNICE LYNN action against the perpetrators of the bride, dressed in blue, and wear- crime. Consequently, in not one case ing a bouquet of violets, came in ten is an effective effort made by quietly in on the arm of the tall the authorities to identify and proseyoung groom. As the age-old cute the members of lynching mobs.

service proceeded the look of Home Economics. Both have Even in the rare cases in which such earnest reverence on their faces been active in the Christian efforts have been made indictments was indeed beautiful. And as work at Sherman, being Church have seldom been obtained, and conthey knelt in the firelight for the School teachers and leaders in victions have usually proved impos- various activities. closing blessing a prayer as- sible. ACT AGAINST LYNCHING Disappointed by this record of imcended from each of our hearts that they might be kept for many potence on the part of state and local officials, the Commission has reluchappy years of usefulness." tantly been forced to the conclusion that little is to be expected from this Eunice Lynn and Viola Meroney are both graduates with Of great interest not only to source, at least in the immediate fuhonor from Sherman Institute, those church groups and indi- ture, and that an appeal to the feda Government Indian Trade viduals who have endorsed a fed- eral courts in such cases is justified school. Both girls graduate this eral anti-lynching law but also and demanded by the conditions. spring from the Riverside Junior to those who have hesitated to do so is the following statement, The Commission favors, therefore, which comes from the Commis- the enactment of federal legislation sion on Interracial Cooperation, to this end, in the hope that federal agents and courts would be in better position to act fearlessly and effec- tively in the prosecution of partici- , Atlanta, Ga. This organization pants in the crime of lynching.

represents thoughtful and con- During the months since J an- scientious men and women, uarY,when the Costigan-Wagner white and Negro, from the four- Anti-Lynching Bill was intro- teen Southern states. Its mem- duced, multitudes of church peo- bership is composed largely of ple throughout the country have church leaders and educators gone on record in its favor. The whose wide knowledge of condi- Department of Race Relations of tions makes any statement is- the Federal Council of Churches sued by them of unusual signifi- has acted as a clearing house for cance. This statement which the denominations in respect to was given to the press and sent this measure, keeping church immediately to all the Southern leaders in touch with its prog- VIOLA MERONEY senators, is as follows: ress.

AMERICA Student Beliefs dispensaries, schools

community houses, Sunday A "City of God" Dr. William Lowe Bryan, schools, churches. President of Indiana University "St. Augustine was not the since 1900 and a consecrated Fifty-two colleges, twelve thelast to dream of a 'City of God,' " Christian leader, has had in- ological seminaries and fortysays a writer in the Presbyte- scribed in the lobby of the new eight universities are among the rian Tribune. The new mayor Union Building the following in- centers of work of the Board of of Vancouver, B. C., ran on a scription: Christian Education. It aids the platform of Christian reform educational work of 9,000 and during the campaign daily The University regards the Universe churches and Sunday schools, attended special prayer services Within whose infinity have emerged and maintains sixty-five Presbyconducted by the First Century terian ministers for work among Christian Fellowship. His first Order-Life-Mai, 50,000 Presbyterian students in public act as mayor was to pro- .Aristotle, Galileo, Shakespeare, universities. It gives financial claim a Day of Prayer, and help to students, recruits new closed the proclamation with the Lincoln, Jesus Christ. ministers and missionaries, eduprayer that He who had once cates the Church in money-raisgiven a vision of the Holy City A questionnaire has been cir- ing and in social progress, stim- "will grant us a vision of our culated at the University, the ulates and develops worship and city, fair as she might be; a city result of which is given in per- work in the local churches, and of justice, where none shall prey centages of students answering: every year publishes millions of on others; a city of plenty, copies of Sunday school lessons where vice and poverty shall Do you believe in God? 96 and illustrated weekly papers. cease to fester; a city of broth- per cent yes; 3 per cent no; 1 erhood and happy homes, where per cent doubtful. The proposed merger would all success shall be founded on bring the boards and agencies of service and honor given to noble- Do you believe in Jesus the Presbyterian Church down ness alone; a city of peace, Christ? 93 yes; 5 and 2. to three; twenty years ago there where order shall not rest on were seventeen. force, but on the love of all for Do you believe Jesus to be dithe city in which they dwell." vine? Answers, 80, 5 and 5. New Homestead Project Important Centenaries Do you attend church? An- Two hundred families on re- swers 89, 8 and 7. lief are to be transplanted to the Matanuska Valley in Alaska. Do you believe in prayer? An- swers 89, 9 and 2.

-Presbyterian Banner.

Consolidation Proposed A project for uniting two or- ganizations with assets of $47,- The present year marks the 000,000 and annual expenditures They have been tentatively secentenary of a number of im- lected from those who from exportant missionary develop- of more than $5,500,000 will be ments in the Protestant Episco- one of the questions to be perience and habits are best fitpal Church-among them: decided by the annual General ted to lead the rigorous life of pioneers in a northern climate. The reorganization of the Domestic Assembly of the Presbyterian They will live in tent cities durand Foreign Missionary Society and Church in the U. S. A., opening the formation of the Board of Mis- at Cincinnati May 23. The two ing the summer while the govsions, superseded in 1919 by the pres- ernment is building log houses ent National Council. bodies to be merged are the and clearing the woods. The Board of Christian Education, The departure of our first mission- and the Board of National Mis- settlers will take with them all aries for China. their household belongings; and sions. tractors and other essential The appointment of our first mis- More than 60 languages are farming equipment, together sionaries to Liberia. used by the 3,900 workers of the with live-stock, will be trans- The inauguration of the Spirit of Board of National Missions. ported to the site of the rehabili- Missions. They conduct 7,000 activities, The year 1935 also marks the trom Alaska to Cuba and Puer- tation project. Each family, un- 150th anniversary of the first to Rico; among mountaineers, migrants, Negroes, industrial der the FERA will be assigned a General Convention held in Phil- groups, Orientals, Indians, Eski- tract of 40 acres of improved adelphia September 27, to October 7, 1785. mo and Spanish-speaking Amer- land and a house. The site is icans. They operate hospitals, 125 miles north of the port of -The Living Church. Seward, on the Alaska railway.

[ 307]

It is estimated that this valley Only eleven groups contain more Mission Exhibit Dividends of 128,000 acres will accommo- than a thousand adherents, the remaining 383 having only a A recent mission exhibit in date 850 additional families on Ottawa disproves the idea that the basis of 40 acre tracts. dozen or two. These minor sects grow at the expense of the larger such methods have had their Since the Presbyterian Church ones, and multiply most rapidly day. The younger Episcopal in the U. S. A. has accepted re- when the parent group becomes sponsibility for this area, it is clergy of the diocese of Ottawa spiritually weak. sponsored this display. Work prepared to care for the reli- -Christian Advocate. gious welfare of these new com- among Canadian Indians, the munities. Rev. B. J. Bingle, Eskimo, and work in China, Jawho has carried on an itinerant extension work in the Matanus- New York's Indians pan, India and Palestine was . represented. Missionaries were ka Valley and is familiar with the conditions, has offered his The Cattaraugus Indian Res- present and gave frequent adservices to the Board for a min- dresses, telling about the work in ervation, some thirty miles from istry to the new families, and he Buffalo, is approximately twelve which they Were engaged. The will be on the ground ready to miles long and five miles wide. building was crowded every aftwelcome them. Arrangements ernoon and evening during the It has a population of 1,500 Senare being made to erect a house eca and Cayuga Indians. The week. After paying all expenses of worship as soon as a suitable Thomas Indian School at Irosite has been designated. a substantial balance was left quois, which is state supported, over to be devoted to the mis- has an enrollment of more than sionary work of the church. 225 orphan and needy children -The Living Church.

To Relieve Tension from the six reservations in the LATIN AMERICA state. A bus service takes 40 Senator Thomas, of Utah, has Indian boys and girls to the New Objectives in Mexico High School at Gowando. a plan, not yet proposed as a Baptist, Presbyterian and In March a conference of edu- definite measure, that there be Methodist Episcopal churches cational leaders and Board Sec- an interchange of American and have united in a program of retaries was convened in Coy- ministry to these Indians, in- oacan, Mexico, to study the Japanese students on a large scale. As Senator Thomas points cluding home visitation, daily whole educational problem in the vacation Bible schools, young light of shifting conditions. A out, students have been coming from the Far East for a number people's conferences, week-day new line of advance was suggest- religious training, social activi- ed and a new policy formulated, of years, but comparatively few Americans. have been studying ties, welfare work and related involving social centers and hos- in the Orient. He believes that enterprises. There are also a tels as substitutes for the tradi- the Japanese universities would Ladies' Aid, Red Cross Society tional evangelical. qay school, provide excellent opportunities and Girl Scout organizations. now made practically obsolete for graduate work. Ten thou- There is a fine relationship be- under the new legislation; in- sand exchange students could be tween the Indians and their tensive promotion of Christian financed for the price of a single education in the, home and the battleship. . white neighbors. -The Christian Advocate. church, and the preparation and -Presbyterian Tribune. pUblication of abundant and ade- The Multitude of Sects "The People's Friend" quate Christian literature. Lay leadership training, parent In a' recent newspaper an- For over twenty' years the training and more literature in nouncement of Sunday services above announcement has ap- the homes were recognized as in New York, Hindu cults out- peared on the bulletin board of foremost needs. numbered Methodist services ad- the San Antonio Mexican Chris- -World Sunday School News. vertised. It is believed that for tian Institute. There are now every religious group which advertises in the press, there are approximately forty' thousand Disaster Turned to Account ten which meet in private, in hotels, halls and apartments. Mexican people, either immi- This is the case not only in New grants or families of Mexican In Mazatlan, Mexico, the Mex- York, but in Chicago, San Fran- extraction, living in the Insti- ican Congregational pastor was cisco and London. All this is in- tute's area. Through its clinic denied the right to preach bedicative of the present confusion and health service, about 100,000 cause the quota of clergy alin religious thinking. The speed people have been helped in these lowed to the state was already with which these cults come and twenty years. Home life has full. His church had been satisgo is most significant. Since been improved, living condi- fied with the regular routine of 1925 no less than 214 new reli- tions have been transformed; public worship, with hardly any gious sects have arisen in Ham- every activity is impregnated interest in social service activiburg, Germany, and 123 of those with the Christian message and ties. This recent restriction sudthen existing have disappeared. ideal. The Institute has, indeed, denly waked up the congrega- tion, and in cooperation with the been "the people's friend." -World Call. pastor (acting as a layman) in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

a program for social action, they when one considers the handicap children attracted many to are serving the community more which some are under in not being church. Through the children effectively than when their priv- able to read English. There are so adults were won, and a virile ileges were intact. For church few books in Hindustani. One of the work grew up. Young converts services they have joined with men bought a copy of Tarbell's Sun- became keen evangelists and visthe Baptists, whose pastor has a day School Lessons at the beginning ited neighboring villages, in permit to officiate. of the year. I knew he could nO't read many of which groups of Chris- a word O'f English and asked him tians formed. Opposition is not -Missionary Herald. what he would do with it. He replied so open as it was twenty-five that he would have his little boy read years ago, but petty persecution At Guatemala's National Fair it to him each day. During the year is persistent. Thousands of peo- ple are tired of Rome, and un- Guatemala's annual fair in some have come to us from Hinduism, fortunately many of them have November, 1934, gave a splendid turned to atheism, socialism or opportunity to present the Bible and are giving good account of them- spiritualism. to the people. This fair is at- selves. tended by open-minded people -The Christian. who accept everything that is -United Chur,ch Record. offered in a friendly spirit. A EUROPE booth was secured in a good loca- Brazil ForWard Movement tion, expenses were provided lo- Religious Film Society cally, missionaries cooperated A committee to carry out a with enthusiasm. There was also two-year program of spiritual A new organization in Great an Indian helper who had had development along the lines of Britain called "Guilds of Light" experience in bookstand work. the Forward Movement was ap- acts as advisory body to all He had his daughter with him, pointed at the 37th annual Coun- Christian agencies anxious to exin Indian costume. She had cil of Southern Brazil. Statis- periment in the use of the movbeen taught to play the organ. tical reports show gratifying in- ing picture for Christian ends. This in itself drew many people creases in the number of public It has founded the Religious to listen, as it is unusual that an services, in the total number of Film Society, whose work is Indian woman should do any- communicants, in the number of thing but grind corn, do the pupils in the day schools, and 1. The collection of all possible incooking and care for the chil- also a slight increase in total re- formation likely to be of value to anydren. ceipts in Brazilian currency. one desirO'us of experimenting with Many bought copies of the A committee appointed a year the film as a Christian implement. Bible or Testaments; portions ago to study the question of selfand hundreds of Gospel tracts support had reported the follow- 2. The stocking, exhibiting and hirwere given out to all classes of ing recommendations: ing of the types of projector and other people. Cultured business men apparatus most likely to be satisfacstood in astonishment, listening 1. That the self-supporting parish- tory in the hands of the amateur exto words of wisdom from the lips es maintain their contributiO'ns made hibitor. of the Indian brother, or from up to' the present time for the supa plain-looking student. The sale port of the clergy; 3. The production frO'm time to of Bibles was larger than for time as funds permitted, of specially many years. 2. That the congregations nO't yet written films which would be avail- self-supporting increase their contri- able on easy terms to all members of -Bible Society Record. butions toward the supPO'rt of the the Society. clergy accO'rding to a sliding scale. High Standards in Trinidad The scale includes every missiO'n in Two of the Society's films have the district; already been exhibited, "Master- Rev~ D. R. Macintosh, a work- ship" and Inasmuch" ; while er for the United Church in Can- 3. That each parish in additiO'n to' "David Livingstone" is being ada, writes from Princetown, these contributions pay the 7~ per prepared. Trinidad: cent due the Pension Fund; -Religious Tract Society. I was surprised to find the work of 4. That in every parish, cO'ngregathe church in Trinidad so well or- tion O'r missiO'n, there be created and Paris Three-Day "Mission" ganized, and am much impressed with intensified the spirit of general coopthe high standards of the schools. eratiO'n in the wO'rk O'f the Church, In the Latin Quarter of Paris Our mission schools stand high in and that the members be taught to' a three-day "mission" in Jangrading among the schools of the col- contribute liberally toward the sup- uary attracted large numbers of ony, in agricultural work they come PO'rt of the clergy as a means nO't listeners. The speakers-Charles first. One of the schools in this field only of hastening the independence of Westphal, W. A. Visser 't Hooft, holds the record, having taken first the Church but also of stabilizing its Pierre Maury-presented three place for the third year in succession establishment in Brazil. subjects: Existence de Jesusin 1933. Christ; Humanite de Jesus- -The Living Church. Christ; Devinite de Jesus-Christ. I never cease to wonder at the fit- Students in the Latin Quarter ness of 50' many O'f O'ur native preach- The Argentine Field have come to expect the missions ers for their work. They have surely of the French Student Christian made the most O'f the O'Pportunities Facts about the work in Ar- Movement which have been held gentina were brought out at the each winter for three years. The annual meeting of the Evangel- meetings were attended by in- ical Union of South America, held in London. An account was given of the establishment of a church in a small inland town, where first results were 'very meager, but the work of a Bible teacher at open-air services for

creasing numbers during the long history I know no single AFRICA three days – a heterogeneous moment that approaches the New Film Project group of foreign students, Stu- present in its terrible serious- dent Christian Movement mem- ness." What promises to be a valu- bers, communists and many Ro- He concludes his article with man Catholics. All participated able film project is to be under- in the discussions. Perhaps the the following words: "We dare greatest lesson which the organ- not expect too much from men. taken in Africa by the Depart- izers of the mission have learned There is only one thing that we is that students are eager to find can do and that is, to appeal to ment of Social and Industrial out about the central truths of all our friends in all the world the Christian faith, and that to pray to God with us. He can Research and Counsel of the In- therefore it is much less neces- help. He has proved this often. sary than generally is believed to He can turn his severest extrem- ternational Missionary Council. spend large amounts of time and ity of German missions into energy on the preliminary or in- blessing. Therefore let us pray. It IS proposed to establish an extroductory subjects, to which in The danger has reached its peak. previous missions a rather con- Let all help that can!" perimental film-producing studio siderable amount of attention had been given. The missionary societies of at Vuguri, Tanganyika Terri- Germany are joined in a general lntercollegian and association known as the Ger- tory, where both instructional Far Horizons. man Evangelical Missionary Diet. In 524 stations they have and recreational films, based on In Old Castile 1,586 European workers, and 10,951 paid helpers. They care African life, with African ac- Valladolid, at one time the for 1,225,792 native Christians capital of Spain and famous in and 67,000 inquirers. They con- tors, will be made. . These films history as the place where Fer- duct 3,982 grade schools and 109 dinand and Isabella were mar- higher schools with 250,000 pu- will then be exhibited to native ried, Columbus died in poverty, pils. They maintain 31 hospitals and Phillip II was born, is now with 37 physicians. audiences over a wide area in a city of about 100,000. Rev. F. H. Grey was given permission to Protestant Movement in Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, hold an eight-day mission in this center of Spain's Reformation, Austria Kenya and Tanganyika. The obwhere many perished in the Inquisition. He writes in the It is reported from the Bureau ject of the scheme is to find out Latin American Evangelist: of Interchurch Aid, Edinburgh, that about 80,000 Austrians are how the African can be helped We had sought to prepare the preparing to leave Catholicism, ground by special prayer and the dis- in addition to the 22,000 who by means of the film to adapt tribution of 4,000 invitations, this lat- have already joined Protestant ter being zealously taken up by the churches. This is in the face of himself to the new ideas, morals, young men of the congregation. From many handicaps. A Roman Caththe beginning we felt conscious of the olic has twice as much opportu- customs and laws, according to power and working of the Holy Spir- nity for employment as a Prot- which his life has more and more to be ordered; and to introduce him to the best of these before his morals and his tastes are corrupted by less desirable films.

The whole project will be worked with the close cooperation of missionary, anthropological and government specialists, and will, it is hoped, prove to be of great value to all who are working for the welfare of the native in Af- i rica.

The scheme, which will re': quire from 18 months to two years to complete, has been made possible by a grant from the Carnegie Foundation.

it in our midst. Notwithstanding the estant and has no church tax to Changes in Seventy Years political unrest and fear as to the pay. Protestant churches are future which followed in the wake of the Revolution, the attendance at the self-supporting. The movement, Seventy years ago in what is meetings was very good, and the results were a real spiritual uplift for which was at first from all class- now the Diocese of the Niger, es of urban population, is now where Bishop Crowther began the believers, quite a number of souls spreading out in the country work, there were no churches or brought under the sound of the Word, some for the first time, and deeply im- among the farmers. It was pe- schools. To become a Christian pressed, and, finally, some led to a nalized by Dollfus and still is. then was to face the risk of persaving knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ. Those leaving the Church of secution, even martyrdom. To- Rome are ordered to be medi- day, as the result of C. M. S.

Present State of German cally examined as to their sanity. work in the diocese, there are Missions Ministers have been fined for 1,285 churches and 620 schools writing about Protestant opinion with an enrolment of 33,000 p.u- Prof. Martin Schlunk of Tii- of history or even for explaining pils. Scores of towns and vilbingen says in· an introductory Protestant doctrine. When giv- lages are still unevangelized, and article in the Neue Allg. Mis- ing religious instruction to con- wherever new openings are sionszeitschrift concerning the verts they are put under police made there is a ready response condition of the German mis- supervision. Yet the movement to the Gospel. In the Nsukka sions, "German missions are in mounts ever higher. district, where pioneer work be- the utmost peril and in their -Sunday-School Times. gan only some six years ago,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

there are now forty-five church- stage of development, the prom- and the American Board. Aces with an average attendance cordingly, a joint visit was made on Sunday of 4,000 people, and inence is given to subjects con- in November by representatives the life of the district is being of the two societies, and of the changed. In the Nupe district nected with home building. At Syrian Church. The deputation of Northern Nigeria, which has was impressed with the urgent been a hard and somewhat bar- the L. M. S. School in Tiger need, but reported one encourren field, the past year has wit- aging piece of work. At Kamnessed a record number of bap- Kloof girls have the choice of ishli a church building has been tisms (fifty in all) and also the erected largely as a result of the ordination of Mr. D. T. Sheshi, a four distinct courses: teacher efforts of the local community. native of Bida. He was the first This church was dedicated while convert from Islam through the t r a i n i n g; secondary school; the deputation was present, in a work of the C. M. S. in this area. service conducted in four lan- spinning and weaving; indus- guages, Armenian, Turkish, Ar- -The Life of Faith. abic and Syriac. trial, comprising domestic sci- Chieftain Finds the Way Syrian is becoming more and ence and needlework. Each more conscious of the needs of Sekulu Malenga was a chief- the rural areas. Village welfare tain who had an important part course requires three years' projects were conducted during in the development of the Ga- the summer by the American langue Mission as teacher and study. Personal and community University of Beirut and the adviser of the missionaries in Junior College for Women; but things relating to the country, hygiene are emphasized through- as yet not much has been done language and tribal customs. to meet the religious and evan- He died not long ago at the age out the course. One of the chief gelistic needs of rural areas. of ninety-seven, and just before The Presbyterian Mission is his death he said to the mission- needs of the African girl is to studying the problem, with a ary, Mr. McDowell: view to making it one of its aims know how to use her leisure in the future. I am an old man. I have held my children's children's children. I am wisely. When she leaves school -Near East Christian now tired. In myoId age I have Council News. been blessed: with new friends and and goes back to her home there acquaintances, principally the Lord Palestine's Mission to Jews Jesus, the child of the Great Chief. are often hours a day when she I go to Him and to my fathers with The Church Mission to Jews ill-will toward no man. My going is is left to her own devices. "Way- in Palestine lays the chief emno mystery. Rid of this tired body phasis upon follow-up work with and face to face with my Saviour and faring" (Native Girl Guides) is the individuals who seem of in the presence of the great Elders of most promise. The work of one the people, from Sekulu, Moses and one of the ways that Tige:r: Kloof individual with those who are Joshua on down to the present time, really seeking the truth is held I hope to be able to think more clear- is trying to meet this need. The to be of more permanent value ly and help to a larger degree my than the crowded program of a friends and children. industrial girl with her knowl- large staff of workers. The hos- pital in Jerusalem attracts a Sekulu became a Christian edge of crafts is an invaluable large ilUmber of Jews, and there about seven years ago. At that are vast opportunities for reachtime he held a large audience help in "Wayfarer" work in dis- ing the whole Jewish population. spellbound with the story of his The mission center is on the outsearch for life. He ended with tant places. For eighteen years skirts of Tel-Aviv, with its purethis statement: ly Jewish population – about about six Christ – consecrated 85,000. There are many indi- Today I join the caravan of a vidual Jews and J ewesses living great Leader, and I trust Him to girls pass out of the school each in Tel-Aviv who are definitely lead me to a just settlement of all seekers after truth, and some problems. The little that I have al- year. -The Chronicle. who are very open to Christian ready heard and understood of His influence. The task of the misway of life gives me enough to make Afrikaans Bible Sales sionary is to find them out and a start, and no caravan leader ex- to keep in touch with them. plains the whole trip at its beginning. Although it is only a year For these many years I sought after since the Bible was translated A new development is recordsomething, I knew not what. Now into Afrikaans, over 250,000 ed among Jews in Bagdad. An I have found it. copies have been sold in South ordained Hebrew Christian has Africa. As many as 10,000 Bi- gone there in the dual capacity -Missionary Herald. bles were bought in a single week. About 2'50,000 other peo- Girls at Tiger Kloof ple of the erstwhile Dark Con- tinent will be benefited when the Higher education for African translation of the whole Bible girls is, as yet, the privilege of into Bavenda is completed. For the very few. In their present the last fourteen years the Ba- venda, a tribe of northern Trans- vaal, have had to be content with the Psalms and New Testament.

-The Christian Advocate.

WESTERN ASIA Syria's Needs In recent years, new commu- nities have sprung up rapidly in northeastern Syria. These are very inadequately occupied in the missionary sense. At a meet- ing of the United Missionary Council of Syria and Palestine in Beirut, it was urged that this territory be made a field for united effort, especially on the part of the Presbyterian Mission

of pastor to an Arabic-speaking said: "Perhaps you would like to expense until its industrial pro- Christian congregation, and mis- know why I am a Christian?" They duction justified it. Dakhina, sionary to the 80,000 Jews living signif}.ed yes, and I said: "First of quick to grasp this principle, in there. He has a difficult piece of all, of course, I was born into a Chris- spite of his priestly caste, depioneer work to tackle, which tian home. But while still a boy I cided to learn the dignity of will make a heavy demand on knew little about Christ until I start- manual work. He also learned his patience, pluck and tact. ed to read the Gospels myself. Then the wonders of God's grace, and I discovered that Jesus Himself said, now prays that in spite of Hindu -Near East Christian 'I am the Bread of Life: I am the wife and relatives he will be bold Council News. Living Water. I am the Light of the enough in his belief in the Lord world. I am the Way, the Truth and Jesus as his Saviour, to testify Persia Now "Iran" the Life. I am the Resurrection and to it through baptism. Other the Life.''' Certainly they would Hindus hav~ followed, some have Another change in geograph- agree that no man could live without been baptized. ical names went into effect these things. To this they nodded March 22d, when Persia became assent, and I said further that since From various missions and officially known as Iran – its I had found Jesus as Saviour and distant parts of India, many Inorginal name. It links its people Lord, there had been peace and joy dian Christian young men, of racially and historically with the and satisfaction in my life. There ages varying from 17 to 25, and ancient Aryans. This is merely followed long dissertations from va- often outcaste from industry or an instance of nationalistic sen- rious ones, some of which I did not dependent on missions, were setiment, as by no means all Per- fully understand. They were attempt- lected as students. Many have sians are Aryans. Out of 10,- ing to show that all the prophets be- learned not only to be self-sup- 000;000 people fully 3,000,000 came in reality all that Jesus claimed porting but, being grounded in are nomads of uncertain racial as to the way, the truth, water, life, the Word by means of the threeorIgm. Hundreds of thousands etc. They said that of course there year systematic Bible course, of Jews live here. Many other were some things that they did not and in prayerful dependence on people are of distant Mongolian believe about Jesus, for instance that God, have started out to become origin. Nobody knows definitely He died and was raised again from "Young Pauls." Some have whence came the nearly 1,000,- the dead. I replied: "Of course, saved their earnings and set up 000 wild mountain tribes known every book m.ust bear its own witness. small work shops in their own as Kurds. But by whatever We Christians believe Jesus did rise districts. -Life of Faith.· name it is called, its missionary from. the dead because of the witness needs remain unchanged. Of its of the Gospels and the Apostle Paul." Week of Evangelism 10,000,000 people less than 65,- I told them what the Apostle Paul 000 are Christians. The only wrote in 1 Corinthians 15. Then I Christian forces in Mid-India agencies at work are the Amer- said, "But not alone from this wit- united in a week of evangelism ican missionary societies of the ness do we believe Jesus arose and March 11-18. "Every member a Lutheran, Presbyterian and Sev- is living. We have the witness of our witness for the Lord Jesus" was enth Day Adventists, and the own hearts, and the experience of the the ideal kept in mind. English Church Missionary So- Holy Spirit, and His love and peace. ciety. The entire Protestant For these reasons we believe that He Methods suggested by the Rev. membership is less. than 4,000, arose from the dead and is living." G. H. Singh, Honorary Director with 2,000 of them Presbyteri- I had carried with me a copy of each of Church-Centered Evangelism ans. The ~omanCatholics have of the Gospels, one of Acts, and a for Mid-India, included the folmore than 60,000 communicants. copy of the Psalms. I said to them, lowing:- "I have some copies of the Engil with -Missions. me. Perhaps you would like to see 1. Christians testify, teach and them and have them." They signified work among their own relatives. With Afghan Mull~hs yes, and I drew them..from my pock- et. The musktihid raised them in both 2. Efforts be confined to a single Rev. J. Mark Irwin of Meshed hands to his forehead, and then sat group or caste. describes an opportunity which there holding them with a show of came to him on a recent visit to great reverence. Soon they were in 3. Use of newly-prepared drama on Afghanistan. He asked permis- the hands of the others and they were life of Venkaya, famous robber chief sion of the governor for a visit all looking at them, and reading them of South India, available from Miswith the leading Mohammedan as the conversation continued. sion Press, Jubbulpore, for 2 annas. ecclesiastics. The governor cordially arranged this. Mr. Irwin INDIA AND BURMA 4. Prayer, undergirding the work writes in the Presbyterian: every step of the way. Industry and Evangelism At ten o'clock we were taken to the 5. Thorough preparation prior to government headquarters, and there Ten years ago Edwin Law- March 11. seated around a great table were rence, a young engineer who some ten or more mullahs, with the 6. Work continued for 12 months chief of Foreign Affairs and several held an appointment in India, of the year, fostered by a special comother men. At first I drew a deep mittee appointed at next meeting of breath and thought, 'Now what shall was led to found a new type of the Church Council. I say?" After formal greetings, I service which he named the "In- -The Indian Witness.. dia Industrial Mission," and lo- cated in a vacant mission prop- Floating Hospitals for Bathers erty at Cossipore, Calcutta. The first to join the Mission was a Hindus of India every 27 Brahman, who came looking for years observe a religious festi- on office position, but learned val, of which one feature is a that India sorely needed produc- pilgrimage to the sacred Ganges tion workers, and that this Mis- sion had no funds for overhead

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

River for a ceremonial bath of crisis has brought it about, that and methods of thought. About much work has already had to a dozen native Christians joined puri'fication. The year 1935 be given up even in the Danish the missionary and rendered val- Mission, which has had less to uable service. brought a recurrence of the fes- suffer than others. The other festival was at tival, which took place on Feb- Sangli Ohurch Life Courtallam, where thousands of pilgrims gather to bathe in the ruary 3d. More than 750,000 Sangli, in the Krishna River large waterfall. The people, valley, is the center of many however, were very indifferent, pilgrims invaded Calcutta, tax- enterprises. Willingdon Col- and many said, "Your religion lege, with its 350 students, two is not for us." ing its over-night lodging facili- boys' high schools, a newly- founded girls' high school and -The Christian. ties to the utmost. All along the many primary schools make it an educational and cultural Outcaste Wins a Brahman 1,500 miles of river millions of center. Through the American Presbyterian Industrial and Mr. Pickett, author of Mass others gathered for the same Agricultural School which dates Movements in India, tells this from 1884, Sangli is a pioneer incident: purpose so that the British Gov- in village uplift and rural recon- struction. Within 20 years it . While touring in South India I ernment was gravely concerned has become a center of light for talked with an educated Christian depressed classes. To pursue all Telegu, formerly a Brahman, and over possible epidemics in Cal- these lines of service, the station asked him how he came to accept force last year numbered fifty; Christianity. He replied: "Because cutta from the influx of throngs one ordained and four unor- of a most marvelous personality dained viII age evangelists, whom I met." He went on to tell of pilgrims. Floating hospitals thirty-one teachers, five Bible- how he had been traveling with a women, two colporteurs and gentleman, an Indian, whose convercarrying large quantities of dis- seven missionaries. Within that sation and manner were so cultured year the Central Church has and interesting that he had spent infectants circulated among the been able not only to meet every with him three of the most deligl;ttful obligation, including the pastor's hours of his life. He asked this acbathers. -Missions. salary, but to open a free library quaintance on the train what caste on the Mission compound, to buy he came from. He could hardly cred- Tamil Missions instruments for the singing it his statement that he had been an band, and to supply fuel and oil outcaste. The first speaker said he The veteran missionary of to 30 students attending the five- could not get away from this fact, the Danish Missionary Society, day Bible Institute which was and in the end bought a New Testa- Knud Heiberg, reports in the sponsored and financed entirely ment and studied it. He said the Dansk Missionsblad that condi- by the Sangli Church, with some mystery was explained, "I understood tions in South India are becom- help from the village churches. the power that could transform a life, ing more and more difficult for The Mission had no responsi- and I too accepted Christ as my Savmany of the older missions. The bility except friendly coopera- iour. I hunted up my friend of the Americans have been compelled tion on the part of the mission- train and asked him to baptize me." to retrench increasingly and the aries in Sangli. The Women's German missions are in a pitiful Society is a going concern. It -World Call. state since the German Govern- maintains five Bible classes. ment is preventing the sending Mass Marriage of Infants out of monies. He says that -Western India Notes. what makes the matter all the Their childish eyes bewildered more difficult, is that those in PTeaching at Festivals and their bare feet chafing the India can not obtain clear an- grass, 374 infant couples were swers from their country or Two Brethren missionaries married March 31 in North their boards on the real condi- have recently preached the Gos- Bombay Presidency. It was the tions. pel at two large heathen festi- largest mass child marriage cer- vals. The first was held near emony held in India in many The Tamil Evangelical Luther- Christianpettah, where the god years. Some brides and bridean Church has given almost all worshiped is supposed to be an grooms were mere infants in its workers notice of dismissal incarnation of Krishna. Mostly arms; some were small children. by May 31, and the conditions low-caste people worship at this Many babies, too small to walk, will doubtless force the German temple. The evangelists had to slept in the arms of their elders. missionaries to give up their put up with plenty of noise and Others gurgled happily at the fields of work, unless a change smoke, but they learned a great booming of gun salutes which comes before that time. One deal more of the native customs were a part of the ceremony. German mission which he knows Young bridegrooms arrived in was in this predicament-in decorated bullock carts and were January it received an amount carried before the priests. Many of 80 rupees, while its budget were not old enough to have required more than 3,000 month- even an inkling of what was takly. ing place. All the tiny couples There are some who have great ideas of having the Indian Church continue the work without the help of the older churches. But the time has by no means arrived, and even if there are parts of the work which the Indian Church can undertake in places where the branches have taken deeper roots, the present

then united in a feast, in which Christianity. The prevailing at- tives and backers of one's own the parents joined. titude of the vast bulk of Chi- clique. nese is complete indifference. -New York Times. Among the more educated class- -China Weekly Review. es Christianity is viewed as a Meet the Missionary! foreign importation, an alien, Effective Bravery cultural invasion. There is the Rev. C. E. Chaney, field secre- Communistic attitude which de- Dangiong, Fukien, is in a distary for the Baptist Mission in clares Christianity to be a form trict much troubled by bandits, Burma, after a tour in the Chin of economic imperialism and who make frequent raids on any Hills district, writes in the which condemns it, as it does all unguarded place, burning, loot- Watchman-Examiner: religio"n, as a deadly drug. The ing and killing. As the bandits typical attitude of the young had shown a certain degree of On arrival at Haka various ones Chinese today is that of the ag- respect for the Christian church came to meet us and shake hands nostic or secularist. and its workers, Christians in with us. One was a blind Christian Dangiong sent their valuables to who had heard of the visiting mis- -The Churchman. the church for safety. The sionary and had walked 100 miles bandits heard of this, and choosjust to shake hands. Two preachers The Best Governed Province ing a time when they knew the walked 25 miles to meet the visitor Bible woman was alone at the from the south. One evening I saw In a recent survey of condi- church house, they planned a the shadow of a man on the veranda. tions in China, Dr. Sherwood raid. The Bible woman, suspect- He was slipping away. I called my Eddy reports that of all the ing their intentions, had already companion's attention to him and provinces he visited Szechuen is persuaded the Christians to rewent to speak to him. He had walked the richest but worst governed, move their belongings. Then over 30 miles, and had, unknown to while Kwangsi is the poorest but she put a notice on the church us, been waiting a long time to see the best governed. Here the door saying: "If you want to the visitors. He was too timid to work of Dr. James Yen and the come and search the church, intrude. During the past 35 years National Economic Council was knock and I will open the doors. great changes have taken place in almost complete operation. Don't break down the doors." among the Chins. Every school is in process of de- The second night that she was veloping into a community cen- alone the bandits came, shouting It was my privilege to meet the and battering the doors. She first Chin convert, baptized in 1905, ter, is designed to include the quickly opened them and asked who is now a pastor in the hills. whole community in a scheme of the men not to destroy the There are fully 3,000 baptized Chris- practical education, which aims church, for there was nothing of tians, and nearly 500 came into the material value there. Quietly church this past year. at the reconstruction of all life. talking, she made the bandits But while Dr. Yen's work is quiet. They searched the place, CHINA deeply important and hopeful, and finding nothing, withdrew without a single exception his quietly; the brave woman then Christianity in Last Decade projects are being opposed open- fastened the doors and praised ly or secretly by the beneficiaries the Lord. -C. M. S. Outlook. Prof. James T. Addison of the of the old order, especially the old officials, fighting to keep Gospel Bands in Fukien Episcopal Theological School, their own selfish profit, privilege and prestige. Special meetings in Fukien Cambridge, believes that while Province led to the formation of Dr. Eddy suggested to Gen- 120 gospel bands. These volun- Christianity in China suffered a eral Chiang Kai-shek that China teer teams have won large num- needed not only new men but a bers to the Kingdom. Rev. Leonsetback during the Nationalist new system beginning with a ard Christian tells the story of fivefold program. 1. To have two members of a team. They Movement of 1925-1928, it really only a few laws but enforce were working in a suburb and in them; to protect the peasants each of four instances when they benefited by the trials of those from extortionate taxation; and had brought persons to the point to adequately pay officials so of becoming learners, a man years. A winnowing of weaker they will have no excuse for with much influence there undid squeezing, as in the efficient cus- all their work and turned people and half-hearted members took toms service. 2. To budget, against them. Praying for guid- audit and publish all accounts. ance, they were led to go in perplace and the gl-eat majority who 3. To promptly and surely pun- son to this man and explain the ish. all offenders. 4. To reward Gospel. Taking literature and remained loyal were strength- the honest and efficient. 5. Equal hymns and all the courage they impartial justice to all, without possessed, they came away raened in their faith. The Nation- protecting or promoting unwor- diant, for the man, and his son thy officials or incompetent relaalist Movement served to accel- erate a movement towards fur- ther placing of responsibility for the Chinese Church upon native shoulders and towards develop- ing a trul.y indigenous Christianity. .

The other salient feature in history of Christianity in China during the last 10 years has been the efforts towards union among mission bodies. One-third of the Protestant communicants now belong to the Church of Christ in China.

Dr. Addison names four distinct attitudes apparent towards

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

also, enrolled themselves as Most of these have gone back to the past year Rev. Song Sang learners before the afternoon their villages and started some- Suk has been giving one half his was over. thing-a Sunday school, a Bible time to special temperance work.

-Missionary Herald. Class, a Reading Circle, a Rec- Last June he staged and man- reational Center or a Better- aged a great temperance parade JAPAN Farming Lecture Course. in Pyengyang City where 5,000 "Golden Castle" School These Peasant Gospel Schools, people marched with banners however, have only touched the and flags through the city and some tens of thousands of sheet This (Southern) Presbyterian fringe of the problem. tracts were given out. He has school opened in Nagoya with made a point of urging that oraonly three students. To the gen- -Intercollegian and torical contests and essay writeral public it was just an insig- Far Horizons. ing contests on temperance be nificant part of the Jesus reli- held in all schools of higher gion. Forty-six years have Kyoto Episcopal Mission grade; out of this an interest passed and today it stands with has developed among students. complete internal organization In a crowded section of Kyoto, and full external recognition, a Strenuous ProgTams Girls' Junior College. where most of the people are en- gaged in silk weaving, the Epis- With an expenditure of $30 At present there are about twelve students of Chosen Chris- 1500 graduates of the school. copal Church maintains a center tian College were sent out to six These are scattered as far as of work, both through the spok- of Korea's 13 provinces, two Korea and Manchuria, and even men to each, during the summer to America and England. Among en word and through practical of 1934. These men visited 17 them are wives helping their help given to the everyday life different places and did work in husbands, mothers bringing up 29 separate churches from 10 to their children, consecrated evan- of the people. Its small and in- 24 days at a place, a total of 105 gelists of the Gospel of Christ expensive building is wholly in- days, which made the work cost teachers in kindergartens and about 30 cents per day. In these girls schools, employees in banks sufficient for the need. The meetings they taught a total of and business houses. All of them church is always crowded. A 10,201 children in the day time; are adding to the school's repute. kindergarten, night school, boys' and preached to a total of 22,881 Of those originally connected persons in the evenings. The with the school, only an old fir and girls' clubs, a reading room program was intended to include tree remains. It was planted by the teaching of language, arith- Mrs. Randolph, the founder. and a summer camp for 50 chil- metic, geography, singing, story dren are some of the activities. telling and Bible, to boys and -Presbyterian Survey. girls in the day time, and a pop- Japanese doctors and nurses ular night meeting for adults. Rural Advances In most cases, the men, ashamed carryon a clinic, and if you to let down the reputation of the In spite of rapid industrializa- college or to admit their own intion, 47% of Japan's population should happen to be in the ability, worked in the wee hours is still rural. One of the most of the night and attempted to significant accomplishments of church when Dr. Fujino, a ves- oblige these eager, expectant the Kingdom of God Movement folk. The men of the village has been its pioneering in this tryman in Kyoto, arrives to be- gathered in their room after the field. It adopted the strategy of evening services to talk until trying to capture the nation's al- gin the clinic, you will see him midnight and the children were most 12,000 villages by evangel- knocking on their doors by dayizing and training potential vil- first of all kneel at the altar to light the next morning eager to lage lay leaders. One hundred begin the day's work. short – term Peasant G 0 s pel ask God's blessing on what he Schools have been held in twen- has come to do. . -Korean Mission Field. ty-five prefectures, either under the direct auspices of the move- Much of the cost of this work ment or with its assistance. Each is supplied by a group of fifty Japanese patrons, each of whom contributes the equivalent of $15 American currency a year.

-The Living Church.

Temperance Movement in Korea All Christian churches of Ko- rea are temperance organiza- tions. No one having anything to do with liquor as maker, sell- er, distributor' or user can be a member of any of cthheurcchhuwrcohreks~ but until recently of these schools has gathered ers have been so busy winning ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC some twenty or twenty-five believers and creating their young men and women from as churches that they have not felt Jubilee in Papua many villages and given them a that they had the time or energy Sixty years ago, on November week or ten days of intensive to give to temperance work for 21, 1875, William G. Lawes, with training for Christian leadership nonbelievers. The W. C. T. U. his wife and small son, landed in in their respective villages. Over has been at work for years, but Port Moresby, New Guinea, the 2,000 rural young people have it was felt there should be a man first Europeans to make a home been enrolled in these schools. to lead in this movement. For in that savage land. They came

in the John Williams as mission- over 300 is now over 3,000, with Common Faith, a religion with God aries of the London Missionary 900 adherents and more than left out, advocated in a college which Society. Now a strong Papuan 1,500 baptized children under was once a Puritan stronghold. church has been built up and twelve years of age. The school over 500 Papuan boys and girls of 33 boys has grown into 38 3. The resistance of seven thousand attend the Christian day school. schools with over 1,800 children, German evangelical pastors to Hitler's Today Port Moresby is the res- of whom about 1,600 are Chris- edicts. They declared: "Obedience to idence of the British Governor tians, and from a staff of two the present church government is dis- General and airplanes fly over teachers, there are now 91, all obedience to God." the land that was formerly only of whom are Christians. traversed on foot through dense 4. German Catholics making com- jungles while war canoes plied -Malaysia Message. mon cause with German Protestants the bays and rivers. in defense of their faith.

Early Days in Borneo 5. The activity of the National Con- ference of Jews and Christians in the Just after the B()xer uprising United States. when 16,000 Christians became Hurricane in Cook Islands 6. Declarations by thousands of martyrs, a Christian Methodist '. Protestant ministers against a cruel of Foochow, a man of wealth competitive economic 0 r d e rand and education, decided to do as Raratonga, Cook Is., is asso- against war. the Pilgrim Fathers and seek a land of religious freedom. He ciated with John Williams and 7. A r(!emphasis of the importance found many willing to go, but his feat of building the Messen- of personal religion. where was the land? Like Abra- ger of Peace with no previous 8. The religious literature of 1934 ham he set out, not across the plains, but into the South Seas, shipbuilding knowledge and no shows a tendency away from the de- not knowing where he went. structive criticism which has long When he arrived in Singapore, ordinary shipbuilding materials been prevalent and toward a spiritual he was directed to Sarawak as or tools. Just as the London harmony. the land best suited for such an undertaking, where Raja Brooke Missionary Society was rejoic- owned 36,000,000 acres of good land. Here he met the Rajah, ing in a report of encouraging World Convention of C. E. who not only liked the scheme, but willingly gave land and mon- work done there, and plans for The ninth quadrennial World ey to charter a boat to bring the further improvement, a hurri- Convention of Christian En- colonists over. Then he returned deavor will be held in Budapest to China to get his men, and out cane brought crushing disaster. in August – postponed for one of the crowd he picked about The full extent of the damage is year because of conditions in five hundred men and twenty not yet known. The Mission Europe. The program will give . women, mostly Methodists, and equal recognition to three lan- put them on his chartered boat, House is far enough from the guages – Hungarian, German but sailing away from friends and English-and the speakers and home filled many with fear, sea to have escaped complete de- and conference leaders will be and they put in at Hong Kong. struction. The New Zealand chosen from every part of the It happened that Bishop Warne Government, which has the man- world. Budapest has been a was there on his way to Manila. strong center of Christian En- When he heard of this boatload date, will do all it can in relief deavor for many years. of Methodists on their way to measures, but cannot be expect- Borneo, he went to visit them, and when he saw how fearful ed to rebuild churches and hous- they were, he said, "Don't be es. Friends of the L. M. S. have afraid; I will go with you." He stayed ten days with them, or- subscribed £150, but much more ganized a church, and from this will be 'needed. band has grown a Christian community of more than 10,000. -The Chronicle. BapustS.S.Growth The small clearing in the jungle is now more than 200,000 acres MISCELLANEOUS At the close of 1934 the num- of cultivated land; five little ber of Baptist Sunday school chapels have developed into 46 Epochal Religious Events appointments; a membership of scholars throughout the world The only secular newspaper was advanced by nearly 1,200,- summary of the events of 1934 000. This includes an increase which touched the field of reli- of over a million in the Negro gion appeared in the Boston Transcript. Other pap e r s National Baptist Convention. printed necrologies, chronicles Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke attributes of disaster and crime, but none this large increase in Negro attempted to evaluate the trends scholars to the adoption of in religion except Dr. Dieffen- b:'tch who, in the Transcript, stricter statistical methods, since smgled out several religious a round figure of 1,500,000 pre- events which in his opinion are viously reported is replaced by a as epochal as those which very precise 2,588,834. There is marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modern times. a decrease of approximately Briefly they are: 11,000 in Europe, and this is ex- plained by the fall in Britan. 1. The admission of Russia, an atheist state, to the League of Na- Other continents show little tions. change, with the exception of South America, where last year's 2. John Dewey's Yale lectures, A total of 40,213 has increased to 45,250.

-Watchman-Examiner.

~'=~_ _ _ _—-"""""""~~='"

1 OUf Missionary Bookshelf I Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I i(i*,,======——-==-=—-==–=======–=-=====~~ , Good Books on Home Missions* tier in relation to its significance We Must March. Honore WiIlsie in church history and its influ- Morrow. William Morrow Co. $2.00. Prepared by the Office of Educa- ence in bringing into being the New York. tion and Publicity Board of distinctive characteristics of National Missions, Presby- American Christianity. Authentic narrative of Narcis- terian Church, U. S. A. sa Whitman, the first white Religious Backgrounds of American woman to cross the Rocky Moun- What do we ask of a reading Culture. Thomas C. Hale. 1930. tains, and the part she and her list? That it shall add to our Little, Brown & Co., Boston. $3.00. husband played in the early hisbody of information? That it tory of Oregon. shall illumine our study with the The author traces the course story of the lives of those whose of religious history from the How Marcus Whitman Saved Orecompulsion was and is: Woe is time of the English "dissenters," gon. Oliver W. Nixon. 1895. Star me, if I preach not the gospel? through the period of dissent in Publishing Co., Chicago. Out of That it shall provoke to a fur- New England and Virginia, print. ther study of the aspects of need, down to the present-day phases underlying problems, and recog- of religious interest. A biography of Marcus Whitnized trends to which a single man, with the interesting incivolume can serve only as an in- FRONTIERSMEN OF THE CHURCH dents of life among the Indians troduction? Brief as it is, it is and an account of Whitman's hoped that the following list The Life and Labors of Bishop Hare. part in the opening of the Northmeets these requirements. M. A. DeWolfe Howe. National west. Council of the Episcopal Church. THE CANVASS $1.00. Francis Asbury, the Prophet of the Long Road. Ezra Squier Tipple. The Epic of America. James Trus- Interesting account of one of 1916. Abingdon Press, Methodist low Adams. Little, Brown & Co., the foremost leaders and cham- Book Concern. $2.00. Boston. $2.50. Reprint 1934. p~ons of the Indians, the first Episcopal missionary bishop to Organizer, founder of schools, Narrative account of the go into South Dakota to labor and "faithful shepherd." growth of America, told through among the Dakotas. In his thirthe story of the most momen- ty-seven years of service he es- Vanguard of the Caravans. Coe tous episodes and the biogra- tablished church policies with Hayne. 1931. Judson Press, Philphies of outstanding leaders in relation to Indians which are adelphia. $1.00. their relation to the panorama still being carried out. of American life. Life story of John Mason Peter Cartwright: Pioneer. Helen Peck, Baptist missionary on the SPIRES AND STEEPLES Hardie Grant. 1931. Abingdon Illinois frontier who preceded Press, New York. $2.00. the covered wagon caravan The Religious Foundations of Amer- across the Mississippi River in ica. Charles L. Thompson. 1928. Life of a "great Methodist and 1817. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. a great man," a pioneer prairie $1.50. preacher responsible for keeping Jason Lee: Prophet of the New Ore- slavery out of Illinois and "hero gon. Cornelius J. Brossman. 1932. Story of the religious elements of many a picturesque affair in Macmillan Co., New York. $3.00. which like the members of dif- the early days of the state." ferent races have entered into Romantic, authentic story of the making of America with an Sheldon Jackson. Robert Laird Ste- the work of the first missionary account of their influence on the wart. 1908. Fleming H. Revell to enter the Oregon country. He national life. Co., New York. founded the first permanent American settlement although CHURCH AND NATION Biography of an outstanding other attempts had been made pioneer worker, a "foreign mis- without satisfactory result. The Frontier Spirit in American sionary" to the Choctaws, a pio- Christianity. Peter A. Mode. 1923. neer in western frontier service, Mary and I: Forty Years with the Macmillan Co., New York. $1.75. best known for his sacrificial de- Sioux. Stephen R. Riggs. 1887. votion to missions in Alaska. Congregational Sunday School and Study of the American fron- Publishing Society. Out of print.

* Suggested Reading List in "Toward a Fascinating account of the toils and sacrifices, joys and re- Christian America," by Hermann N. Morse. wards of a pioneer missionary Any of the books noted in these columns. and now obtainable, will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[317 ]

family which began and carried of the working out of this prin- While our attitude toward the forward mission work among ciple. Oriental is still flexible he recthe Dakota Indians. ommends bending it toward hu- Roving with the Migrants. Adela J. man unity and Christlike under,. THE GEOGRAPHY OF HOME Ballard. 1931. Council of Women standing. for Home Missions and Missionary MISSIONS Education Movement, New York. EVANGELISM Paper,50c. Home Missions Today and Tomor- TUrn to your own denomina- row: A Review and Forecast. Ed- The challenge of the migrants tion for books and leaflets pre- ited by Hermann N. Morse. 1934. came to the author through senting the "pageant of the tri- Home Missions Council, New York. work with them. In this brief umph in Christ." Paper, 75c. book she points out the need of the migrants for love to God and SOCIAL RELATIONS This summation of an inten- the need of the church for love sive study made by the Home for man. .Religion Lends a Hand. James Missions Council is a valuable Myers. 1929. Harper Brothers, source and reference book on the The Machine Age in the Hills. Mal- New York. $1.50. definition, interpretation, analy- colm Ross. 1933. The Macmillan sis, outlook, and forecast of the Company, New York. $2.00. Religion as a helper in social home missions task. progress is the theme developed. This book sets forth the prob- Investigation of the institutions HOME MISSIONS, THE CHILD OF lems of the isolated mountaineer in the United States which apply who in recent years has been this ideal furnishes authorita- . THE TIMES drawn by the wheels of industry tive illustrations. into the hazards of mining life The Challenge of Change-What Is and communities. God and the Census. Robert N. Mc- Happening in Home Missions. John Lean. 1931. Council of Women Milton Moore. 1931. Council of International Relations for Home Missions and Missionary Women for Home Missions and Mis- Education Movement, New York. sionary Education Movement, New Why Wars Must Cease. A Sympo- Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60c. York. Paper, 25c. sium edited by Rose Young. 1935. The Macmillan Company, New Looking beyond the figures of The author presents a wider York. $1.00. the census, the author presents scope for home missions than is the forces which cannot be tabucommonly held and challenges Arguments against war are lated, the spiritual realities of the church to build according to forcefully set forth by ten writ- underprivileged groups. these specifications. ers nationally and international- ly prominent. These arguments In the Shadow of Liberty. By Ed- The Church in America. William batter down all defenses of war. ward Corsi. Macmillan Co., New Adams Brown. 1922. The Mac- York. $3.50. millan Company, New York. $3.00. Race Family and personal experi- From a wide experience and Brown America. Edwin R. Embree. ence appear to have shaped the varied contacts the author sum- 1932. The Viking Press, New York. heart and mind of Edward Corsi marizes the place and work of $2.50. -immigrant boy, settlement the church in our post-war na- worker, Commissioner of Immitional life. Here is a frank, unbiased gration, Director of the Home statement of the trials and tri- Relief of the City of New York CROSS CURRENTS umphs of the "new race," the in- -to a social outlook on life and termingling of black, white, and to a particularly human view- Industry yellow, which forms a tenth of point of Ellis Island. His career the population of the United has been profoundly influenced Christianity and Industry in America. States. by his father, Filippo Corsi of Alva W. Taylor. 1933. Friendship Abruzzi, Italy, who, because of Press, New York. Cloth, $1.00; The Jew and the World Ferment. his aggressive support of agra- paper, 60c. Basil Mathews. 1934. Friendship rian reform, was driven into ex- Press, New York. Cloth, $1.50; ile. Fortunately he was recalled Out of the conviction that our paper, 75c. by his election to the Italian pargreatest social and moral prob- liament-an office which he lems are industrial and that our The writer purposes to dis- never occupied for he was strickin d u s t ria I life has far out- cover how we should act toward en as he was about to give an stripped our moral and social the Jew whose prominence in impassioned response to the ovaadjustments is born this plea for the affairs of the nations as well tion of his fellow-townsmen. The practical Christianity. as in personal conflict is evidence young son was his father's com- that he is in the midst of the panion in exile, and was thrilled Protestant Churches and the Indus- world ferment. by his father's spectacular ca- trial Crisis. Edmund B. Chaffee. reer. 1933. The Macmillan Company, Orientals in American Life. Albeit New York. $2.00. W. Palmer. 1934. Friendship At ten years of age, with his Press, New York. Cloth, $1.00; mother, stepfather, brothers and Individual Christians and the paper, 60c. Church must face their relations to economic life, the writer con- The author shows his readers tends. Labor Temple in New what is behind the Oriental York City, which has been guid- mask-a likable, overwhelminged by Dr. Chaffee for twelve ly human Christian brother. years, serves as an illustration

OUR MISSION:ARY BOOKSHELF

sisters, Edward lalJded in New van through Ellis Island, until nomic conditions in America. work. Two emotions possessed arrested by the World War and By 1932 the outward movement him in turn. His wonder and finally brought to a standstill by of aliens exceeded the inflow. exhilaration prompted by his first view of the Statue of Lib- the Immigration Act of 1924, re- That America continued to be a erty and by the New York sky- flects the extraordinary opti- land of desire, however, is strik- line which, through the haze, he ingly and pathetically illustrated mistook for mountains, quickly mism of America. Mr. Corsi ana- gave way to fear when he over- lyzes the composition of the car- by the large numbers debarred heard his stepfather express avan-English, Dutch, French, because of quota restrictions or concern lest they be turned back Scotch-Irish and German-to because of surreptitious entry. at Ellis Island because of their Perhaps at no time in the his- limited cash. Fortunately for the middle of the nineteenth cen- tory of America has American Edward and for America this tury and then fresh accession to hysteria over immigration been fear was not well-founded for the number of Germans, Irish the Corsi family was included more unhappily illustrated than among the one and a quarter and British. But then the com- by the arrest, the examination million immigrants admitted to position of the caravan changed America in 1907. to Italians, Austrians, Hunga- and deportation of undesirable aliens. Speaking of this Amer- Referring to the next decisive riam'!, Jews, Slavs, Poles and ican mood after the World War Russians though the inflow of Mr. Corsi says "quickly the na- experience which came to him as Irish and Scandinavians contin- an immigrant lad, living in tional hatred turned from a de- wretched quarters on the lower ued in considerable numbers. feated Germany and lashed it- While opposition to immigra- east side of New York, Mr. Cor- self into a rage against all forms si says, tion sprang up from time to of radicalism and all sorts of radicals. Victor Berger, of Mil- Down the street on which I lived time, in the main Americans be- there was a little brownstone house, waukee, was a conservative so- which to many in the neighborhood lieved that America was the land cialist. Senator La Follette was seemed shrouded in mystery. It was of unlimited opportunity where a Republican Progressive. Fed- a settlement house, which some of our parents feared had been put there to any honest man could get a liv- eral Judge Landis of Chicago, in draw Italian children to the Protes- ing and where every clever man sentencing Berger to jail and tant faith . . . The day came, how- ever, when we decided to investigate could amass wealth. This confi- prison, said he regretted that he that house and find out for ourselves dence was not shaken until the what it was there for . . . I remem- world depression settled upon could not have him shot." It ber clearly the day I led my gang into was during these days that the that house of mystery . . . My admis- America like a blight. True cells at Ellis Island were packed. sion to the Home Garden, later Haar- America had imposed upon im- lem House, marked a decisive advance It was then that the "Soviet in my career . . . migrants restrictions designed Ark," the Steamship Buford, to safeguard public health, pub- was dispatched with 249 pris- My settlement contacts and expe- riences gave me a new understanding lic morals and to debar potential oners, all to be deposited in dead of American life and American ideals. paupers. Unfortunately these of winter at the Russian border. It was a new understanding, because regulations did not eliminate This was all a part of what Mr. until then such dreams as I had had "dumping" by foreign countries Louis F. Post, one-time Assistant of the land of promise were well-nigh shattered by the grim reality of what nor preclude the immigrants' use Secretary of Labor at Washing- I had been forced to undergo. Long ton, termed "The Deportations before my mother had gone back to of Canada as a half-way house. Italy both she and my stepfather had The first racial groups, as racial Delirium of Nineteen Hundred realized the futility of their adven- groups, to feel the restraining Twenty." Unfortunately as Mr. ture. America had failed to offer its Corsi came to know, the expres- pot of gold. It had offered instead of America were the Chinese suffering, privations, and defeat. and the Japanese. The Contract sion of this delirium did not end Labor Law became particularly in 1920 but found expression After graduation from Ford- difficult to enforce. Agitation during Mr. Corsi's term of serv-' ham College Mr. Corsi returned ice. Speaking of unknown de- to the Haarlem House as a full- over literacy tests, just before time social worker. While here, and after the World War, re- portees Mr. Corsi says, "I found one morning in 1931, Secretary that many of them were like men Doak of the Department of La- flected the new temper of Amer- condemned to die, praying and bor summoned him to Washing- ica towards immigration. But crying for last-minute reprieves . ton and President Hoover ap- this temper did not have full ex- -clinging to fraying threads of pointed him Commissioner of pression until 1921 when the Immigration at Ellis Island. first Quota Law, based upon the hope." The human interest in Mr. Edward Corsi presents Ellis census of 1910, was adopted. Island as a reflector of the ever- This was followed in 1924 with Corsi is dominant. He tells in changing American mood. The a more rigid Quota Law based considerable detail the' experien- steady march of the great cara- upon national origins with the ces of notable "guests" at Ellis census of 1890 as the base-line. Island both before and during This law clearly marks a change his official relationship with the in the American mind towards Island. He found some of these immigration. experiences humorous, others pathetic and others tragic. In From about 1928 the immigra- tion trend, or to keep to Mr. the first category is that of Migi Corsi's figure, the movement of the caravan, was checked by eco-

Cogic who was ordered deported Conformist. No Anglican needs The sociological expressions because of defective eyesight but a survey to define his parish. of religion are the goal of the the Government was compelled The pages devoted to "Minis- book which Mr. Fenner writes to hold Miji as its guest for the tering to Several Mission Sta- for the men of his own commun- full period of the war and during tions" should be read by all ion. There are excellent advices that time he plied a lucrative American rural Christians. His upon religious education, recre- discussion of lay readers might ation, and the rest of those distrade as tailor and barber.

Pathetic indeed is the story of well be translated into the Pres- ciplines upon which many men Paula Patton who was deemed byterian, Baptist, and Methodist have written well. There are to be mentally defective and languages. These denominations bibliographies for the socially therefore not admitted. Her indulge their members with minded to use in humanizing case shows political vacillation "once a month preaching." They their priestly manners. But to- of the authorities at Washington dilute the worship of God from day the rural saints are turning extending over a period from its Sunday holiness to a pale, to worship and to holiness, with 1914 to 1925 when she was lunar, shirt-sleeve langour. They order and maj esty as the goal of should learn of Mr. Fenner to their aspirations. The Anglican granted legal residence.

"Prince" Mike Romanoff was sanctify the Sabbath and to from whose Ember Days we a grotesque though not uninter- make the house of God holy- have rebuilt Rural Life Sunday esting figure. Repeatedly he ap- Sunday a day of worship. He can teach us about the social peared as an immigrant and re- would train a young man to read ministry of the priest in the day peatedly he was sent back. a sermon every Sunday and con- of joy, of fear, or of grief. A m 0 Ii g other distinguished duct a service of worship while The contribution of Mr. Fenguests were Mrs. Emmeline "the preacher is away at another Pankhurst, Emma Goldman and ner is the latest expression,· and charge." This abuse of little in many ways the best, of the Ignatius Timothy Trebitsch-Lin- churches, closed on a Sunday, denominational hand books for coIn "whom Scotland Yard re- the Church and Country Life when the minister is elsewhere, Movement. A generation ago ferred to as 'the most elusive constitutes one of the great abusman in the world' and whom es of American Christianity. men told me that the country church would be the clue to the United States Marshall James There used to be a Southern union of churches. On the con- M. Power characterized as 'just Methodist Bishop who shocked trary. Each denomination and each of the Christian associaan ordinary thief.' " his hearers with the statement Mr. Corsi's book is full of that "10,000 of our churches were closed last Sunday." He dramatic interest. It breathes with human sympathy and re- meant that their preachers were tions has had its own organiza- away. This "religion of the tions and its own handbooks in flects a fine social sense. CHARLES HATCH SEARS. moon" Mr. Fenner would con- the interest of its own rural units. They all do what Mr. vert by training lay readers. Fenner has done. They inter- The Episcopal Church in Town and The treatment of worship and pret the country church econom- Country. By Goodrich R. Fenner, of architecture are excellent, as ically and socially. I am amused of The National Council (Protes- to see the most conservative of tant Episcopal Church), New York one would expect, and the stand- City. 1935. ards of "church singing" are these churches advised to "make This excellent book begins un- properly high, for the Episcopal the farmer a better farmer." favorably for the non-Anglican, Church has regard "for the That was heresy, for which I as it makes so much of the priest beauty and majesty of the wor- was denounced twenty-two years and his "calling." Outside of ship that is ordered." the churches which have had The chief value of this book is ago. Now rural missions and governmental alliance, there is . in its presentation of the interest agricultural missions have gone small respect for the "divine of a church which sanctifies its all over the world and they have calling" of the pastor. Their re- houses of worship and keeps the highest approval, yet we stand today as denominational spect is for the calling of the them apart from secular use, as we were when Theodore sinner. But Mr: Fenner, subse- which sanctifies its ministers Roosevelt commanded us to proquently appeals to the pastor to and reminds them that they are mote better farming and better recognize his responsibility for priests of God. Mr. Fenner, living.

"making his people better farm- however, does not carry us as ers,"-"mental hygiene," "child far as he might, for he could The time seems to have come well have developed the Angli- for the different communions to training," "visiting the jail."

In his treatment of the "Par- can tradition in explaining the do what Mr. Fenner has in part ish Program" the author is holy offices of marriage and of done and for each to contribute· strong for surveys, organiza- the funeral service. In both of the great religious heritage it tions, publicity. He shows that these the rural pastors have has to the purely religious dehe is not only a priest but a man, much to learn from the Church velopment of the country church a brother, and an America,n; not which has a 'Prayer Book- in worship, in ceremonial, in merely an Anglican-he might great repository of religious sacrament, and in prayer.

even be accused of being a non- faith through the ages." WARREN H. WILSON.

Books Studies in the Gospel According

Matthew. E. Schuyler English. Daughter of Brahma. E. Elizabeth Once untl, ),011 would nt'lcr be ..,ilhout it. $1.75. 226 pp. Revell. New York. Vickland. 64 pp. Revell. New York. FEATURES: Introduction, by Professor George Shaw B.O South American Adventures. Alice Curtis Desmond. $2.50. 284 pp. Education in India in 1932-33. 118 The Lesson Vnu by Ynst, by Rev. David J. Fane, Jr Macmillan. New York. pp. British Library of Information. New York. Lmons from lilt WSD", by Rev Ira E. David, Ph.O Personal Items Siae Ligbls on the Leuo,,_ Selected from Many Authon The Flying Boat. Robert N. McLean. Tit, B~jnntrJ' C14n, by Eleanor M. Jonet and (Concluded from page 257.) 184 pp. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. Martha L. Fesmire. man, New York City, was elected sec- retary. A Grand-Canyon of Resurrection Re- Tht Primllty Class. by Stella M. Rudy alities. Robert G. Lee. 172 pp. The Junior Clllff, by Addie Marie French. *** $1.00. Eerdmans. Grand Rapids, Mich. SuggeJlions for the Superintendent. by Rev. F L. Squires Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan Goforth, veteran missionaries of the Presby- The New Home. Capt. Reginald Send only 10e in . (or current issue. terian Church of Canada, have re- Wallis. 96 pp. 18. Pickering & turned home and were given a public Inglis. London. Modern Trends in World Religions. reception in Knox Presbyterian Edited by A. Eustace Haydon. 255 Church, Toronto. Dr. Goforth is now Report on the Bihar Earthquake and pp. $2.50. University of Chicago blind. on the Measures Taken in Conse- Press. London. quence Thereof up to Dec. 31, 1934. *** W. B. Brett. 100 pp. Government Race Relations: Adjustment of Printing Office. Bihar, India. Whites and Negroes in the United Dr. Frederick Douglass Patterson States. Willis D. Weatherhead and who was born in Washington, D. C., Statement Exhibiting the Moral and Charles S. Johnson. 590 pp. $3.20. thirty-four years ago, has been elected Material Progress and Condition Heath. London and New York. president of Tuskegee Institute, Ala- of India During 1932-33. S. F. bama, to succeed Dr. R. R. Moton, who Stewart. Map. 197 pp. 38. H. The Drama of the Eucharist. Stacy retired after twenty years of service. M. Stationery Office. London. Waddy. 107 pp. 28. 6d. cloth, 1>1 Dr. Patterson haSi been for seven paper. S. P. G. London. years head of the Agricultural De- Wisdom and Waste in the Punjab partment at Tuskegee. Village. M. L. Darling. 368 pp. A Desert Journal. Evangeline French, 128. 6d. Oxford University Press. Mildred Cable, Francesca French. *** London. 261 pp. $3. China Inland Mission. Germantown, Pa. Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke, General Sec- India Calling: The Memories of Cor- retary of the Baptist World Alliance nelia Sorabji. Cornelia Sorabji. Evolution Disproved. Wm. A. Wil- is spending two months in the United IlIus. 308 pp. 128. 6d. Nisbet. liams. 127 pp. $1.00. Wm. A. Wil- States, expecting to return to Eng- London. liams, Camden, N. J. land in July. His plans include ad- dresses at the Northern Baptist Con- Historical Lights of Liberia's Yester- Forerunners of a New Age. Basil vention in Colorado Springs. He is day and Today. Ernest J. Yancy. Mathews. 75 cents. 90 pp. I. M. C. making preliminary arrangements for $2.50. Aldine Pub. Co., Xenia, Ohio. New York. the Sixth Baptist World Congress which is to be held in Atlanta, Geor- Two Centuries of Student Christian Four Patterns of Revolution. Ethan gia in 1939. Movements. Clarence P. Shedd. Colton. 312 pp. $2.50. Associa- 466 pp. $3. Association Press. tion Press. New York. I If you use New York. In the Shadow of Liberty. Edward PRINTING The Modern Missionary. A study of Corsi. 321 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. the human factor in the missionary New York. YOU will profit from an ac- enterprise in the light of present- quaintanceship with us. We day conditions. C. Hoffman, A. G. The Jew and the World Ferment. do the job complete in our own Hogg, F. Mackenzie, S. Neill, R. Basil Mathews. $1.50. 186 pp. plant, whether it be large or Rees, M. Wrong, W. P. Young. Friendship Press. New York. small. Edited by J. H. Oldham. 128 pp. 18. 6d. Student Christian Move- Let Us Go Into the Next Town. While our specialty is Books, ment Press. London. George P. Pierson. $1. 93 pp. Magazines and Pamphlets, yet Revell. New York. we have a variety of modern The Japan Year Book, 1934. Map. equipment to meet all the re- 1,356 pp. $5. Foreign Affairs Men and Women of Far Horizons. quirements of your particular Assn., Tokyo. Jesse R. Wilson. $1. 214 pp. job. You will find our service Friendship Press. New York. prompt, careful and courteous. Hot-Hearted: Some Women Builders of the Chinese Church. F. I. Cod- The Niger Vision. R. S. Roseberry. Will you allow us to estimate rington. IlIus. 111 pp. 28. Church $1.50. 254 pp. Christian Pub., Inc. on your next printing? We be- of England Zenana Missionary So- Harrisburg, Pa. lieve you will be delighted with ciety. London. our product, price and service. Partners in the Expanding Church. Jesus Through Japanese Eyes: A A. L. Warnshuis and Esther Strong. The EVANGELICAL PRESS Study of the Daily Life of Jesus. 62 pp. 35 cents. International Mis- Toyohiko Kagawa. Trans. by H. F. sionary Council. New York. PrinteTS of Topping and M. Draper. 160 pp. The Missionary Review of tlu! WOTId 38. Lutterworth Press. London. Protestant Church as a Social Insti- tution. H. Paul Douglass and Ed- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Outline of Buddhism. C. H. S. mund de S. Bruner. 368 pp. $2.50. Third and Reily Streets HarrIsburg. Pa. Ward. 140 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Harpers. New York. Press. London. Spirit of Modern France. Helen Hill. An Outline of Islam. C. R. North. 26 pp. 25 cents. Foreign Policy 127 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Press. Assn. and World Peace Foundation. London. New York and Boston.

Toward the Sunrising. B. H. Bruner. A Student's Philosophy of Religion. $1.50. 280 pp. Cokesbury Press. Wm. Kelley Wright. $3. Macmil- Nashville, Tenn. lan. New York.

Illlportance of Latin

The Foreign Mission study topic for the coming year will be "Revealing Christ to Latin America." This will be the subject of a series of articles in our October number. These are being prepared by men and women of wide experience-Anglo-Saxons and Latin Americans.

A SPANISH AMERICAN FEAST Important Facts as to Twenty Republics ………………… .Mary W. Williams Unevangelized Areas of Latin America …….. " ……………… John Ritchie Religious Trends Among Spanish Americans ………………. .John A. Mackay The Indians of the South Lands ……………………….. .Joseph A. Davis The Conflict of Church and State ……………………… Chas. S. Detweiler Latin American Youth of Today ……………………….. G. Baez Camargo Educational Progress and Problems ……………………….. J. E. Moreland The Living Church of Latin America ……………………. Kenneth G. Grubb Union and Cooperation in Evangelical Work …………… Webster E. Browning The Next Steps in Mission Work …………………… . Ralph E. DitJendorfer Best Books on Latin America ………… '" ……………….. .S. G. Inman Order Your Copies NOW-For Study Circles and Conferences 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN 1. PIERSON, Editor Send Your Order to MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC., Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

AGENTS WANTED H ERE are some titles of coming ar~ tides in THE REVIEW. Do not THE MISSIONARY REVIEW miss them: can be sold in quantities to every Missionary Society. It fur- Hitler and the Jews nishes information in brief, in- teresting form for leaders and Conrad Hoffmann, ]r. discussion groups. Why not act as our Agent in your church or On the Mosquito Coast community? You can advance Kenneth G. Grubb the cause of Foreign Missions, and at the same time can earn The Next Generation and Missions Robert E. Speer A Liberal Commission The Younger Men's Missionary Congress • Mills ]. Taylor Address-·-Circulation Manager Lost Condition of the Heathen The Missionary Review of the World Henry W. Frost Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa. A. A. Hyde•••A Good Steward Wm. M. Vories What Is a Faith Mission?

Robert Hall Glover 25 cents a copy $2.50 a year

The Missionary Review of the World — 1931 Index

MISSIONAR Y

REVIEW 0/ the WORLD Founded In 1878 by Edltor-in-Chief, 1888 to 1911 ROYAL G. WILDER ARTHUR T. PIERSON January to 1Jecember, 1931 VOLUME FIFTY-FOUR EDITOR DELAV.AN L. PIERSOK ASSOCIATE EDITORS Methods for 'Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~IRS. F. 1. JOHNSON 'Woman's Home Mission Bulletin …•….•. FLORENCE E. Ql'I:-ILA:-I AND HELEN BRICKMAN Woman '8 Foreign Mission Bulletin …•………….•…………. FLORENCE G. TYLER World-Wide Outlook ..••••.•…………•………….•…. HE..,(RIETTA H. FERGUSON INTERDENOMINATIONAL EDITORIAL COUXCIL REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY FLORENOE E. QUINLAN REV. ENOCH F. BELL, D.D. REV. WM. P. SCHELL, D.D. FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL REV. CHARLES H. SE..'l.RS, D.D. REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D. MRS. E. H. SILVER-THORN MRS. JOHN FERGUSON REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D. RoE… S. G. INMAN, D.D. REV. JAY S. STOWELL REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, D.D. MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON FLORENCE G. TYLER REV. WM. R. KING, D.D. JESSE R. WILSON REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D.

COPYRIGHT'ED, 1931-PuBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INO.

THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRISBURG, PA., AND 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER McDoUGALL, Treasurer MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD DELA.VAN L. PIER-SON, Secretary WM. B. LIPPHARD FLEMING H. REVELL* ERIC M. NORTH SAMUEL M. ZWEMER.

• Deceased.

959 MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS Page PU;fC Map-China (South), Philippines and East Chart-Offerings for Home Missions … 13;) Indies ……………………………….. 341 -t:. S. Church ~embership and Population 670 – U. S. Unchurched Regions …………….. 644 Posters-Korea, Health Posters …………. 370 – Unoccupied Fields in South Seas ………. :341 – 1I0lne Missions, :Korth America ……….. 4 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS Pa(fe Pa[!e Africa-Boy Wearing Tree-Bark Kilt ……. 743 Japan-"Suicide Doctor," Mrs. Jo ……….. 597 – Christian Leaders in Training …… 21 Kagawa. Toyohiko ………………… 168, 301,573 – Ford, Natives Inspecting …………. 429 Korea-Baby ……………………………… 372 – "Grannies" at Home …………………… 404 – Burden Bearer …………………………. 27 – Hospital Scene …………………… 404 – Chapel, Chosen Christian College ……… 488 – Mother-Craft School …………………… 409 – Dr. Avison ……………………………. 489 – RE'lieving African Toilers ……………… 430 – Congregation in Church ……………….. 29 – Witch Doctor …………………………… 19 – Devil Posts ……………………………. 487 – Womanhood as Stanley Saw It ………… 426 – Farmer and Prize Cow ………… , …….. 736 – – Today .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 427 – Farms, Committee of Y. M. C. A ………. 737 American Indian Girl ……………… 615 – Leper Mission Home …………………… 332 – – and Bible Teacher …………………… 351 – Pierson Memorial Bible School .. , 33 Bunter, J. B ………………………………. 908 – Shrine, Wayside Demon ……… 481 China-Aborigines' Distinctive Dress, West- – Sunday-school ………………………….. 491 ern ……… ,…………………………. S7 – Village, Typical ……………………….. 23 – – of Western ………………………….. 84 – Women at Christian ~Worship …………. 484 – Children in Mission ……………………. 377 – Y. M. C. A., Organization :Vleeting …….. 739 – Flood Scenes ………………………….. 804 Korean Boy and Rooster ………………. 738 – Lepers Singing ………………………… 329 – Business Men, Christian ……………….. 25 Chinese, Gospel in ……………………….. 86 Leper Women at 'York ………………….. 331 Cheng Ching-Yi and Kagawa ……………. 573 Lepers ….•…………….. 324,329, :130, 331,332,333 Clifford, Mrs. G. MeA. . …………………… 209 Lord G. Marston …………………………. 215 Council of Women for Home Missions Of- MacArthur, Kathleen …………………….. 55 ficers ………………………………… 293 Macdonald, A. Caroline ………………..891,893 Cuba-Christians, Modern ………………… 425 Morgan, Wm. T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826 – Pastor and Family ……………………. 423 Moslem Convert-N!o A. Q. Daskawie ……… 593 – Sunday-school ………………………….. 421 Myers, H. 'Y., of Japan …………………. 164 De Pascoe, Sra Elisa Strozze ……………. 932 Near East, Veiled 'Yoman of the ………… 886 Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign New Zealand-Auckland Institute ………… 513 Missions Officers …………………….. 292 Palestine-Missionaries to Jews ………….. 277 Foreign Mission's Lakeville Conference.. 564,584 Persia, Modern Traveling in …………….. 887 Game, Missionary Geography ……………. 854 Peru-Hospital and Staff ………………. 812, 814 Gilbert Island's Church Opening …………. 127 Porto Rico-Church at Fajardo ………….. 265 Hepburn, Mrs. J. D ………………………. 256 – – Evangelical Church Assembly ……….. 263 Howland, Susan H. ………………………. 269 Prayer, World Day-Around the World … .

India-Child Bride-To-Be ………………… 724 ………. " …. " …. , …………… 865, 857, 859 – – Wife …………………………………. 727 Samoa~Church, Centenary …………….. , .. 126 – Courtyard, Village …………………….. 724 Siam-Leper Colony, Chiengmai ……… 330 – DohnaVur Children ……………………. 178 – Leper's Recreation Hall at … 884 – – Place of Heavenly Health …………… 172 Singh, Sadhu Sundar …………………….. 169 – Girls' Mission School ………………….. 244 Southard, Frank R. . ……………………… 215 – – Travel to School, How ……………….. 244 Spain-Church, Catholic ……' …………. 567 – Hadapsur, Poona ………………………. 910 – – Protestant… .. .. …… .. .. .. .. .. ……… 567 – Ida Scudder at Work ………………….. 889 Turkey, Children at American School ……. 900 – Kitchen, Outdoor ………………………. 729 – Traffic Policeman ………….. : …………. 896 – Leper, Cured …………………………… 333 – Travel in …………………………….. 897 – Lepers, Untainted Children of ………… 324 United States-Cannery Vacation School …. 829 – National Trinity, New …………………. 251 – – Child in Cotton Fields ………………. 828 – Outcastes, Christian …………………… 733 – – Dralnatizing Bible Story ……… , ……. 353 – Schoolgirl in a "Burka," Moslem ……… 727 – – Home Training Class ……………….. 663 – Service in Hamlet, Evangelistic ……….. 273 – – – Training Class ……………………. 661 Ireland-Y. M. C. A. Gospel Meeting ……… 659 – – Rural Day School ……………………. 349 Ishwardas, B. C. …………………………. 97 – – Unemployed Now Self-Supporting …… 827 van Boetzelaer. Baroness ………………… 55 Islands-Celebes, Native of ………………. 342 Japan-Kagawa Settlement, Tokoyo ……… 167 Wallis, Reginald ………………………….. 657 – Leper Mission Home ………………….. 324 World Congress at Chattanooga ………….. 355 – – Missionary, Miyake San ……………… 333 Yusufji, Mrs. H. A. .. …………………….. 933 AUTHORS Pa(fe Page Adadourian, Haig ………………………… 182 Axling, Wm. ……………………………… 91 Austin, Mrs. P. H ……………………….. 212 Backemeyer, F. W ……………………….. 582 Allan, Alexander M……………………….. 198 Baker, James M. .. ………………………. 273 Atkinson, Henry A. ………………………. 37 Ballard, Adela J …………………………. 827 Auh, Paul ………………………………… 687 Benze, C. Theodore ………………………. 117 960 Page Page Bippus. Mrs. H. W. . ……………………… 852 Lowry. Edith …………………………….. 692 Blair. Herbert E …………………………• 485 Manley. Charles R ……………………….. 250 Boggess. Arthur C. . ……………………… 725 McAfee. C. B……………………………… 735 Bowers. Wayne H .•……•.•………..•…..•. 570' McAfee. Ralph …………………………… 267 Bralsted. Paul J ………………………….. 50'7 McConaughy. David …………………… 531. 819 Brickman. Helen M. . ……………………. 778 McDowell. John ………………………. 369.684 Brooks. Phillips …………………………. 186 Mead. Mrs. Lucia A. .. …………………… 294 Brownlee. F. L. . …………………………. 263 Meyers. H. W …………………………….. 501 Carmichael. Amy ………………………… 172 Miller. W. M. .. ………………………….. 583 Case. Brayton C. . ………………………… 747 Missanka. Harry W ……………………… 915 Catt. Carrie Chapman ……•……..•……..• g35 Montgomery. A. J ………………………… 181 Cheng. C. Y………………………………. 573 Montgomery, Helen Barrett ……………… 376 Clark. E. M………………………………. 751 Moore, Mayme ……………………………. 597 Clark. Francis O. . ……………………….. 736 Morse. Hermann N ……………………….. 673 Conning. John Stuart ……………………. 90'5 Mott. John R ……………………………10'. 913 Cross. R. M. . …………………………….. 261 Mukerji. Rai N. K ……………………….. 585 Dana. Malcolm …………………………… 679 Murray. J. Lovell ………………………… 123 Danner. Wm. M. . ………………………… 329 Myers. James ……………………………. 695 Daskawie. Mohammed A. Q……………… 270' Nolen. Mrs. N. 'V………………………… 212 Davis. Mrs. Ozora S……………………… 20'6 North, Frank Mason ……………………… 136 Dimmitt. Marjorie ……………………….. 618 Osborne. Mrs. M. H. . …………………….. 212 Dodd. Edward M. . ………………………. 885 Oxenham, John ………………………….. 86 Downs. Francis S. . ………………………. 196 Oyler. Lillian ……………………………. 841 Early. Mrs. Verner G…………………….. 187 Parsons, Hy ………………………… …. … 87 Elder. Lois J. . ……………………………. 509 Paton, William ………………………….. 775 Ellis. William T. . ……………………….. 197 Patton. C. H ……………………………… 816 Farber. Benjamin F ………………………. 171 Peabody. Mrs. Henry W ………………….. 378 Fish. Iva M………………………………. 445 Peet. H. W ………………………………. 832 Ford. James Tooker ……………………… 611 Perkins. Henry A. .. ……………………… 335 Fraser. Donald …………………………… 363 Pierson. Delavan L …………….. 23. 435. 579. 603 Fraser. Mrs. Donald ……………………… 40'9 Pierson. Emma Belle D ………………….. 361 Fraser. Mamie C. G. . ……………..•…… 890 Posnett. Chas. W …………………………. 245 Frost. Henry W ………………………….. 10'0' Purves, Elinor K …………………………. 534 Fullerton. W. Y………………………….. 257 Quirk, Eric L. .. …………………………… 250' Gilbert. Jane …………………………….. 136 Reischauer. A. K. . ……………………….. 295 Gonzalez. Juan Orts ……………………… 665 Reynolds, Mrs. W. D. .. ………………….. 512 Goodell. Charles L. . ……………………… 106 Riggs. Charles T. .. ………………………. 896 Gordon. A. J ……………………………… 811 Rohold. S. B. ……………………………… 276 Griffith. J. Neal ……•……………………. 925 Roby, Maud F ……………………………. 131 Root. Mrs. E. T …………………………… 216 Harrison. Paul W ………… .415.493.587.756.80'5 Rosenberger. E. T. . ……………………… 371 High. Stanley …………………………….. 278 Rosetti. Dante Gabriel …………………… 92 Hooker. Elizabeth R ……………………… 667 Scott. Charles E. .. ……………………….. 902 Hoover. Herbert ………………………….. 619 Scott. George T …………………………… 431 Hotchkiss. Willis R. . …………………….. 599 Shoemaker. Jr.• Samuel M. .. ……………. 651 Hoyland. J. S. ……………………………. 58 Silverman. Jacob ………………………… 191 Hurt. Jobn J …………………………….. 815 Speer. Robert E …………………………. 5.40'5 Hyde, A. A. . ……………………………… 203 Springer, Mrs. John M. .. ………………… 426 Inman, Samuel G. . ……………………….. 812 Stauffacher. C. H …………………………. 364 Ishwardas, B. C. …………………………. 97 Stowell. Jay S. . ……………………….. 35.349 Jackson, .J. Chadwick ……………………. 325 Sweets. David M…………………………. 355 .Iaffray. R. A. ……………………………. 341 Testa, Stefano L. . ……………………….. 115 Janis, Elsie ………………………………. 930' Trull. George H ………………………….. 183 Johnson, Mrs. F. I. ……………….. 60'1,930'.931 Tucker, H. C. . …………………………… 492 Johnson. H. F …………………………….. 195 Tucker. John T. . ………………………… 193 Kagawa, Toyohiko ……………………. 165, 836 Tyler. Florence G………………………… 775 Kerr, Hugh T………………………… .421.645 Vance. James I. ………………………….. 20'4 Kirk. Harris E. . ……………………. , ….. 20'4 Van Sickle. A. A…………………………. 615 Kohlstedt. E. D. .. ……………………….. 661 Vollor, A. E ……………………………… 911 Lacy. G. Carleton ………………………… 85 Wahlberg. Edgar M………………………. 822 Lape. Esther E. . …………………………. 777 Watson. Mildred …………………………. 200 La Rue. Wm. E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844 White. Mrs. .Tohn P ……………………… 855 Laubach. Frank ………………………….. 343 Wysham, Wm. M…………………………. 121 Laws. Robert …………………………….. 17 Yardi, D. A. .. …………………………… 907 Legg. Bernice Hall ………………………. 933 Young, Mrs. T. Cullen ……………………. 740' Lewis, Elizabeth G……………………….. 169 Zwemer. Samuel M…………………… 179.251 Longly. Pearl D………………………….. 930'

ARTICLES AND NEWS Page Page Aborigines in West China. Hy Parsons ….. 87 Afrlca-"Do You Love Yourself." Willis R. Abyssinia-Bible in ………………………. 312 Hotchkiss ……………………………. 599 – Prohibition in …………………………. 864 – Educated? Can Blacks Be ……………… 388 – Reforms ………………………………… 794 – Eritrea Mi~sions ………………………. 151 Adventure with Christ, New, Paul .I. – Eritrea, Pray for ……………………… 941 – Evangelize America? Will ……………… 313 Braisted …………………………….. 50'7 – Evangelizing Islam ……………………. 940' Africa-Achievement, Supreme …………… 462 – Gift to "Starving America" ……………. 70'8 – Gifts, Christmas ……………………. 462.776 – Angola Mission Jubilee …………….. 223. 313 – Hope of ………………………………… 866 – Balli, Testing Times in ………………… 388 – Industrial School, Frank James ………. 222 – Inlluence of Missions ………………….. 623 – Bible. Ethiopia Sends …………………. 461 – Kenya Colony. Trouble ……. , …………. 71 – Catholic vs. Protestant ………………… 223 – Kikuyu Good News ……………………. 152 – Leper Institution. South ……………….. 546 – Century in West ……………………….. 462 – Lovedale Anniversary …………………. 795 – Changes in Central ……………………. 152 – Mass Movement In Lokoja …………….. 795 – Children. Conference for ………….. 70'6. 864 – Methods Produce Results? What, Robert – Church. Building a ……………………. 462 – – for Johannesburg …………………… 623 Laws ………………………………… 17 – Communion Service ……………………. 707 – Cont'6st 1880' and 1930' …………………. 223

INDEX

Page Page Africa-Mlnga News ……………………… 796 Burma-Leper Church Dedicated …………. 465 – Missions In South •..•…..•…………..••• 942 – Methodism, Mother of …………………. 627 – Moors, Unreached ……………•……….. 545 – News, Good ……………………………. 549 – Progress in East ……….•…………….. 795 – Opportunity ……………………………. 392 – "Prophets" • . . . . • . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. 865 Canada-Contributions to Church … ,…….. 67 – Railroads in ………………………… 623, 794 – Missionary Congress •………………….. 875 – Restrictions in East Portuguese ………. 222 – United Church ………….•…………….. 790 – Revolt Against Authority •………..•….. 707 Canadian Baptist Home Missions ………… 147 – Roads and Missions ……………….•….. 462 – School of Missions, J, Lovell Murray ….. 123 – Stanley, l<~ol1owlng, After Fifty Years, Mrs. Census of the Churches ………. 2d Cover, June Ceylon-Hearers, Eager ………………….. 784 John M. Springer …………………… 426 – Howland. Susan R., Missionary to …….. 269 – Three Crosses In Angola, John T. Tucker 193 Chile-Armies, Evangelizing ……………… 862 – Villages in Nyasaland, Mrs. T. Cullen – Bible First …………………………….. 474 – Bibles Called "Red" …………………… 704 Young ……………………………….. 740 – Confusion ………………………………. 861 – Welcomed by Tribal Chiefs ……………. 388 – Indians …………………………………. 861 – Witchcraft ……………………………… 461 China-Aborigines In West, Hy Parsons .'.. 87 – Yoruba, Progress In …………………… 623 – and Japan ……………………………… 628 African Drums and Their Uses, A. E. Vollor 911 – Anglo-Chinese College, Foochow … , ……. 395 – Gifts for Edncation ……………………. 865 – Army Decalogue ……………………….. 871 – Grannies, Mrs. Donald Fraser …………. 409 – – Peaceful Activities of ., ……………… 870 – Prisoners, Among …………….•………. 224 – Banditry ……………………… 74, 549, 627, 628 Airplane, Gospel by ………………………. 309 – Bible Work, G. Carleton Lacy ……. ,'…. 85 Alaska-Eskimos Attend Church …………. 234 ~ Bridgman School ………………………. 229 – Llndberghs at Point Barrow ………….. 790 – Catholics and Protestants ….. ' … , … , …. 230 – Pioneer Work …………………………. 147 – Changsha, Standing Firm ……….. , …… 394 Alaskans, Training for …………………… 307 – Christian Influence …………………….. 629 Alexander, George ……………………….. 200 – – Movement, 1931, C. Y. Cheng. ,. ' …….. 673 Amerlca.n Indla.n Boy Scouts …………….. 53 – Christianity at Work ………………. 712, 869 – – Bureau ………………………………. 790 – Church Marches On …………………… 870 – – Calendar …………………………….. 780 – Communism ………………………….785,870 – – Moves Ahead, Helen M. Brickman ….. 778 –and Christianity, R. M. Cross … '" ….. 261 – – Religious Work, A. A. Van Sickle ….. 615 – – Training Youth Against ……………… 712 –Study for,1932-1933 …………………… 694 – Conference Under Difficulties .' ………… 395 – – Students ……………………………… 266 – "Door of Hope" ……………………….. 467 –Pueblos Speak Japanese? A. J. Mont- – Education Experiment ………………301, 711 – – Program …. , ………………………… 141 gomery …………………………….. , 181 – Educational Policy, False ……………… 300 American Islands ………………………… 639 – – Union ………………………………… 628 Americans, One Hundred Per Cent ………. 620 – Enoouragement in …………………….. 368 – Famine in Sbensi …………2d Cover, August Ara.bia-Bahrein, News from ….•………..• 546 – I<'innish Missions ………………………. 395 – Ibn Saud ………………………………. 225 – Floods ……………………………763,784, 848 – Widows from Yezd …………………….. 624 – Forward, Time to Go ………………….. 141 – Freedom for the Gospel ….. , … ,……141,230 Arabian Desert, Over the ………………… 315 – Hunan Missions Suil'er …………………. 95 – in a Troubled World ………………….. 847 Arctic-Hardships ………………………… 472 – Leadership Needed ……… , ……………. 393 – – Mission to ………………………… 394,550 Armenian Church ………………………… 624 – Lew, T. T., on the Bible ……………….. 467 – Refugees, New …………………………. 152 – Manchuria Revival …………………….. 947 – Missionaries and the Church ………..141, 869 Armenians in Buenos Aires, Haig Adadourian 182 –Liberated …………………………. 301,466 – – Murdered …………………………..•. 394 Asia-Gospel Teams, College …………….. 523 – – Needed ………………………………. 229 – Missiongrams from ……………………. 334 – – Shoot? Shall ……………………… ; .. 871 – Missions and Communism ……………… 301 Australia.-Aerial Medical Service ., ……… 469 – Moslem Uprising ………………………. 142 – Bibles for Northwest …………………… 304 – Moslems in ………………………..•….. 947 – Worrora, Gospel for …………………… 701 – Non-Registered Schools ………………… 946 – Opportunities in South ……………… 334,712 Balkans-Education, Religious …………… 475 – Persecution in ………………………. 141, 629 – Prayer and Cooperation in …………….. 269 Belgian Congo Revolt …………………….. 865 – Presbyterian Policy in …………………. 228 – Progress …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 393 Belgium-Progress, Christian ….. , ……….• 387 – Protestants and Catholics ……………… 230 – Socialists and the Gospel ………………. 221 – Religion in Bridgman School ………….. 229 – Religious Liberty Petition ……………..• 93 Belize, Strategy in ………..•••…………•. 937 – Rip Van Winkle ……………………….. 629 Bible in Swahili …………………………… 224 – St. John's College ..•…………………… 466 ,– Out of Date? ……………… ~ ………•… 525 – Schools, Mission ………………….. 74, 75, 786 Bibles for Northwest Australia ………….. 304 – Self-Support, Klangsu …………………. 301 Birthday Band, Missionary, Emma Belle D. – Shanghai University …………………… 786 – Soong, Madame K. T. . ……………….•. 785 Pierson …….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 361 – Students Irreligious …………………… 627 Blind of the World ………………………. 553 – – Christian …………………………….. 550 Bolivia-Expedition to …………………… 635 – – New Movement Among ………………. 786 Books for the Emerging East, Helen Barrett – Tension Relieved ………………………. 334 – Uplifting the Masses •…………………. 466 Montgomery •………..•……………..• 376 – Village, Shanghai Model ………………. 550 – – – Philippines, F. G. Tyler ………….. 775 – Withdraw? Shall We ………………….. 75 – on Home Missions ……………………… 456 – Women's Equal Rights ……………….. 711 Borneo and the Celebes, R. A. Jaffray …… 341 – Yenching Chapel ………………………. 693 Brazil-African Worker for …..•………… 635 Chinese General's Appeal ………………..• 467 – Agitation in ……………………………. 308 – Market Town Aristocrat, Charles E. Scott. 902 – Armenians in Buenos Aires, Haig Ada- – Message to America ……… : ………….. 227 – Schools, Religion in …………………… 93 dourian ………………..•…..•……… 182 – Turkestan, Pioneering in ………………. 302 – Forward Step, H. C. Tucker … ,……….. 492 – Women Christian Doctors •…………….. 228 – Interior ………………………………… 219 – Methodist Church………………………. 69 – Missionaries Murdered ………………… 69 – Protestantism in, C. Theodore Benze ….. 117 – Protestants in …………………………. 220 – Religious Center in Buenos Aires ….•… 149 – The Call of ……………..•……………. 938 – World's Sunday School Convention in Rio 220 Brown, Arthur J. …………..•…… …….•. 50 Buddhist World Alliance …………………. 234 Bulgaria-Inconveniences …………………. 705 Burma-Baptisms …………….•.. ,. .• . . . . . . .. 626 – Christian Leadership ……………………. 869 – Disturbance in …..••….•…..•…….. .464, 783 – for Christ Movement ……….•.••..•… 392, 465 – Gospel Teams ………………………….. 465 Page Page Christ, BattIe Against ……………………. 282 Deaths-Stearns, John Hunter …………… 643 – or Antl-Christ-Whlch? Stanley High …. 278 – Steven, F. A. .. ………………………… 403 Christian Endeavor, Fifty Years of .. 306,470,702 – Stover, Wilbur B. …………………….. 82 Christianity Changed? Has, W. Y. Fullerton 257 – Studd, Chas. T. . ………………………. 723 – What Is, John J. Hurt …………………. 815 – Tetlow, Helen ………………………….. 723 Christian's Vocation, Harris E. Kirk …….. 204 – Vermllye, Elizabeth B. ………………… 82 Church in a Changed World, C. H. Stauf- – Whittemore, Emma Mott ………………. 163 – Wlnn, Thomas C. . …………………….. 163 facher ……………………………….. 364 – Wood, Mary Elizabeth ……… 3d Cover, July – on the March, Mrs. Henry W. Peabody .. , 378 Depression and Missions …………………. 201 – Members, Active and Passive ………….. 217 Disarmament, Books on …………………. 537 – Today, Need of, Chas. L. Goodell ………. 106 – Carrie Chapman Catt …………………. 935 Colombiar-Schools Close …………………. 704 Disciples' of Christ, Message .•…………… 951 Colombian Freethinker, Alexander M. Allan 198 Dollar, Robert ……………………………. 713 – Government Sympathetic ………………. 354 Dominican Republic, H. F. Johnson ……..• 195 Communism Decreasing ………………….. 864 Duff, Alexander, Honored ………………… 150 Constantinople After a Century, Charles T. Dutch East Indies ………………144,701, 874,924- – New Guinea, Progress In ……………… 305 Riggs ……………………………….. 896 Ecuador-Campaign, Guayaquil ………….. 635 Cooperation, Association for Christian …… 398 Education, Experiment In Missionary ……. 633 Crime Prevention ………………………… 109 – In the Home, Missionary, Mrs. Ozora S. – Cost of … . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. …. 950 Davis ……………………………….. 206 Crisis in Mission Lands, Present, Delavan L. – Missionary ……………………………… 456 Pierson ……………………………… 435 Egypt-Aoqultted in Cairo …………•…..•. 151 – Al Azhar Makes Adjustments ………….. 545 Cuba-Children …………………………… 473 …… Barber Shop, Missions ………………….. 312 – "Fell Among Thieves," When, Hugh T. – Constitution, New ……………………… 71 – Girl Receives Degree ………………….. 623 Kerr ………………………………… 421 – New Venture In Cairo ………………… 940 – Koreans in …………………………….. 703 – Political Situation …………………….. 622 – Revolt ………………………………….. 861 – Railway Church ……………………….. 151 Cushman, Emma D., of Konia, Wm. T. Ellis 197 – Religious Training …………………….. 708 Czechoslovakia-Church of ……………….. 311 EngllUld-Colored People, League of …….. 474 – Mission Society ………………………… 310 – Methodist Union ……………………….. 791 Danish Missions …………………………. 940 – Non-Churchgoer Campaign ……………. 862 Deaths-Alexander, George ……………….. 2 – Salvation Army ……………………….. 150 – Ashley, Ed~ar~ ………………………… 323 – Students and Faith ……………………. 387 – Baer, John WIllis ……………………… 163 Ethiopia Missions (Abyssinia) …………… 545 – Beauchamp, Wm. B. . ………………. 641,880 Europe-Antl-Semitlsm …………………… 544 – Bennett, Catherine …………………….. 723 – Gypsies, Gospel for ……………………. 863 – Boomer, Wm. Bishop ………………….. 82 – Present War in ……………………….. 918 – Booth, Eugene S. . ……………………… 242 Evangelism and Self-Support ……………. 553 – Bowie, Mrs. Frederick G. . …………….. 403 – Out of Date? Robert E. Speer ………… 405 – Braithwaite, George ……………………. 880 "Faith Missions," Principles of ………….. 920 – Brooks, ·Charles Alvin …………………. 82 Fellowship with Jesus Christ, Francis S. – Bunter, J. P. . …………………………. 242 – Carroll, Henry King …………………… 163 Downs ………………………………. 196 – Cronkhite. Leonard W …………………. 323 Financial and Spiritual Power …………… 202 – Christie, Carmellta Brewer ….. 3d Cover, Dec. Finnish Mission Society ………………….. 863 – Deloria, Philip J …………….3d Cover, July Foreign Missions, Books on ………………. 457 – Donaldson, Robert S. .. ………………… 163 – – Conference. George H. Trull ………•. 183 – Eddy, Mrs. Wm. K……….3d Cover, August – – I Don't Believe In, Henry A. Perkins… 335 – Forman, Emily N. .. …………………… 403 – – Inquiry. Laymen's …………………… 762 – Fowler, A. E. Sylvester ……………….. 880 Formosa, Changing ………………………. 383 – Fry, Mrs. Charles L…………3d Cover, Dec. – Dancing Prohibited In ………………… 304 – Gilmore, David C………… 3d Cover, August France-American Church In Paris …… .474, 863 – Goward, Wm. Edward …………………. 242 – Mission Problems ……………………… 310 – Harris. Mrs. Ira ………………………. 323 – Missions Congress ……………………… 792 – Hartzell, Jacob L ……………………… 643 – Moslems ……………………………….. 543 – Harvey, Mrs. H. W …………………….. 880 – Protestant Missions ……………………. 70 – Harley, Wm. E …………… 3d Cover, August – Refuge for Unfortunates ………………. 543 – Hill, Judson B. ………………………… 880 – Revival in Flanders …………………… 475 – Hotchkiss, Mathilde K ………3d Cover, Dec. French Bible Distribution ……………….. 310 – Hume, Ruth Peabody ………………….. 643 Germany-Atheists ……………………….. 476 – Hurlburt, Charles G. . …………………. 643 – Augsherg Confession …………………… 69 – Johnson, Charles F ………. 3d Cover, August – Jewish Movement ……………………… 621 – Kumm, Karl H. ……………………….. 2 – Religious Interest ………………….. 310,544 – Lamb, Jessie ………………..3d Cover, July – Socialists ………… .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. … 387 – Landsman, Rev. J. I. ………. 3d Cover, Dec. Glvlnl<'. Figures on World ………………… 821 – Lathrop, Charles Newton ……………… 163 Good Will Day, Origin of ………………… 294 – Lawrence, Matilda ………… 3d Cover, April – – Chests ……………………………….. 553 -Ma, H. W ……………………………… 82 Great Britain-Race Prejudice ……………. 398 – MacDonald, A. Caroline ……………….. 723, Greece-Anatolia College …………………. 475 – MacGillivray, Donald ………. 3d Cover, July – Commemorates Paul's Address ………… 939 – Martin, Mrs. Adam J ………………….. 643 – Education. Religions …………………… 793 – Martin, Josephine ……………………… 880 Guatemala Industrial College ……………. ·542 – Marquis, John A. . …………………….. 562 – New Testament In Cakchiquel ………… 791 – McCandless. Henry W ……. 3d Cover, August – Sends Greetings ……………………….. 354 – McDowell, Mrs. Wm. Fraser …….•…….. 217 – Tolerance Progresses …………………… 635 – Miller, Mrs. Frederick S….3d Cover, August Hawaii …………………………………… 382 – Miner, George S ……………………….. 643 – Oriental-Americans …………………….. 145 – Paden, Wm. Mitchell ………………….. 880 – Woman Pastors ……………………….. 788 – Parson, Edward Field …………………. 323 Hebrew Christian Alliance ………………. 792 – Paul, K. T …………………………….. 323 Hindu Pilgrim, Story of a, J. Chadwick Jack- – Rohold. S. B. . …………………………. 242 – Sallee. W. Eugene …………3d Cover, August son ………………………………….. 325 – Schaeffer, Katherine L ……… 3d Cover, July Holland-Auto Mission ……………………. 310 – Scott, Isaiah B. ……………………….. 880 – Church .Council ……………………….. 863 – Seagrave, A. E …………………………. 323 – Sends Gift …………………………… ,. 54 – Singh. Sir Harnam ……………………. 242 Home Base, How Strengthen the, John R. – Soderblom, Olaf Jonathan ……………… 723 – Sorabji, Susie …………………………. 403 Mott ………………………………… 913 – Sornberger, Paul A……………………. 880 Home Mission Convictions, John McDowell .. 369 – Sparham, C. G. . ……………………….. 880 Page Page Home Mission Theme for 1932-33 …………. 952 Islam for Christ, Why I Left, M. A. Qayyum Home Missions. Books on ……….•……… 456 Daskawie …………………………… 593 – Challenge of, E. D. Kohlstedt …………. 661 – Congress ……………………………….. 41 Islands, American ……………………….. 539 – County Church, Malcolm Dana …. "" … 679 – PaCific-Survey …………………………. 788 – Next Steps In 1930 ……………………… 101 – Will Tahiti Retreat? ………………….. 949 – Problems Unsolved, Herman N, Morse .. , 673 ItalY-Anti-Protestant Activity ………….. 793 – Why Support, Jay S, Stowell ., … ',……. 35 – Chureh and State ………………………. 792 Honduras-Revolution …………………. , … 473 – Missionary Journey in, Stefano L. Testa 115 Howland, Susan R ………………………. , 269 – Morals in ……………………………… 310 Hymn Translations .. , ………………. , ….. 316 – Religious Liherty in ……………….. 386,863 Ibn Saud of Arabia ……………………… 225 – Spezia Mission ………………………… 704 India. ….. "… .., ………………………. ,' 218 – Waldenses and Mussolini ……………… 474 – Allahabad Institute ……………………. 227 -Yo M. C. A …………………………….. 704 – Caste People, Charles W. Posnett ……… 245 Ja.pan-Abolition ………………………….. 699 – Census, Latest …………………………. 710 – Barher Helps, How a ………………….. 6.30 – Changing ………………………………. 226 – Bible and a Shinto Priest ……………… 468 – Christian Education ……………………. 868 – Bibles in Hotels ………………………. 396 – Church Union …………………..101,548,782 – Buddhist Priests, Women ……………… 630 – Conference, Important ………………… 299 – – Sect Christianized …………………… 396 – Charity ………………………………… 551 :::: g~~~a~~re i~" ~~~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: – Children Ill-Used ………………………. 143 – Christian Message for, 'Villiam Al<ling .. 91 – Discipleship, Cost of …………………… 547 – Christmas in ………………………….. 76 – Disturbances in ………………………… 73 – College, Woman's Christian, S. K. Reisch- – Dohnavur, Amy Carmichael ….•………. 172 – Drink Traffic .. . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . . .. .. .. … 868 auer …………………………………. 295 – Evangelism, Month of …………………. 391 – Communism and the "Y" ……………… 303 – Evangelistic Meetings in Nellore ……… 154 – – Dry Village …………………………. 872 – Gandhi and British ……………………. 298 – Education, Crisis In …………………… 872 – – – Gospel …. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. .. .. .. .. 625 – HaShimoto-San, E. M. Clark …………… 751 – – – Narcotics ………………………….. 298 – Kaga.wa-ApostJe to the Poor, H. W. – Gandhi's Appeal ………………………. 867 – Gift to China ………………………….. 626 Meyers ; ……………………………… 501 – Gospel by Post ………………………… 226 – Kindergartens, Value of ……………….. 630 – – Team at 'Agra College ………………. 464 – Kingdom of God Movement ……… 551, 698, 948 – Hamlet Life in, James M. Baker …….. 273 – Kingdom of God Movement, Toyohiko – Hindu-Moslem Division ……………….. 625 – – Pilgrim, Story of a, J. Chadwick Jack- Kagawa …………………………….. 836 – Leper Work, Empress Aids ……………. 396 son ………………………………….. 325 – Marshall Islands, Mission to ………….. 231 – Hindus, Baptism of Caste ……………… 464 – Movies, American ………………….. .468,699 – "Holi" Festival, Unholy, Iva M. Fish …. 444 – Newspaper Evangelism ………………… 699 – Illiteracy and Poverty …………………. 867 – Newspaper, Kingdom of God ………. 302,468 – Jones, E. Stanley …… : …………… ; …. 547 – – Night Schools ……………………….. 948 – Kelthabn Case …………………………. 6 – Peasant Gospel Schools ……………….. 698 -:- Layman's Inquiry ……………………… 153 _ Philanthropist ………………………….. 873 – Leper Life …………………………….. 710 – Population, Increased …………………. 230 – Literature, Christian, William Paton ….. 775 – Purity Campaign ………………………. 396 – Lutheran Cooperation ………………….. 945 – Religion and Anti-Religion ……………. 787 – Madura Incident ……. : ……………….. 392 – Religious Interest, Gordon Chapman …… 279 – Missionaries Address, Christians ………. 227 – – Liberty, Lack of …………………… 871 – Missionary Sadhus, E.Jizabeth G. Lewis … 169 – Revealing Christ in, Toyohiko Kagawa …. 165 – Model Village Plan …•….•……………. 945 – Rural Experiment, E. M. Clark ……….. 751 .:,- Moslems Fail to Agree ……………….. 782 – Spiritual Advance …………………….. 354 – National Missionary Society Jubilee …… 300 – Student Radicalism ……………………. 787 – Ongole, Fifty Years in ……………… ~ .. 868 – – Thought Changing ………………….. 302 – Opportunity Widens …………………… 783 – "Suicide Doctor," Mrs. Jo, Mayme Moore. 597 – Pasumalai Uplift Society ………………. 226 – Temperance and Hara Klri …………… 872 – Population Increase …………………… 391 – Vice Investigations ……………………. 786 – Poverty and the Gospel, Arthur C. Boggess 725 – 'Vomen Buddhist Priests ………………. 630 – – – III iteraey ………………………….. 867 – – Votes for ……………………………. 302 – Present Situation ………………………. 709 – Worship, Places of ……………………… 14~ -:- Punjab Mission ………………………… 334 -Yo M. C. A …………………………….. 303 -,– Purdah, Away With …………………… 73 Japanese Exclusion Act …………………. 787 – Research Work for Boys and Girls ……. 205 – Christians and China ………………….. 948 – Revival in Hyderabad …………………. 249 Jew Was Shocked, Why a, Jacob Silverman 191 – Round Tahle Conference ………………. 202 Jews Alone? Christians Let ……………… 516 – Self-government and Communalism …… 390 – Become Christians, John Stuart Conning.. 905 – Social Purity ………………………….. 300 Judaism, Giving Up ………….,…………. 155 – SorabJl's Grave, At Miss ……………… 710 .Jugoslavia-Protestantism …… : ………….. 793 – Testimony, Hindu Woman's …………… 548 Juvenile Delinquents …………………….. 951 – Thoburn, Isabella, College, Marjorie Dim- 'Kaleidoscopic Glimpses of Asia. Edward M.

mitt …………………………………. 618 Dodd ………………………………… 885 – l1ntouchables in Schools ……………….. 547 Korea-Advances ………….. 231,469, &52, 631, 87:1 – Wanless Sanitarium …………………… 782 – Ashury College Team in ……………….. 30~ – Women's College ………………………. 464 – Bible Training in Seoul ……………… 397 —: – Conference, All-Asia ………………… 298 – Building a New. Delavan L. Pierson …… 23 lndian Bishop. New ……………………… 299 – Chinese, Among ……………………. 700,873 – Lawyer, A Remarkable, D. A. Yardi. …… 907 – Christians. Struggle of, Herbert E. Blair 485 "- Laymen's Association ………………….. 299 – Churrh, New ………………………….. 63() '– Missionary at Kalighat ………………… 391 – Cooperation in Seoul ………………….. 76 – View of Christian Missions, B. C. Ishwar- – Cross Currents in ……………………….. 949 – Dedication at Pyengyang ………………. 552 das …………………………………… 97 – Evangelist, Lay …… .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 700 – Medical Evangelism …………………… 699 International Relations Courses …………… 138 – Methodism United ……………………… 14~ Interracial Office Force, Florence E. Quinlan 57 – Pastor's Work ………………………… 788 Iraq-Freedom In, Greater ………………. 334 – Pierson Memorial Bible School ………… 397 – Government Problems in ………………. 153 – Prayer Meeting, Mrs. W. D. Reynolds …. 512 Ireland-Men of Dublin, EvangeliZing Young, – Revival In …………………………..76,468 – Sai Nai Reforms ………………………. 397 Reg. Wallis …………………………. 657 – Schools, Need for ………….. , ……….. 787 Islam and Modern Culture ………………. 224 Palle Page Korea–Sunday-school Institute …………… 144 Missionary Life in Africa and America, Lil- lian Oyler ………………………….. 841 – Tithing Storehouse …………………….. 398 – Wayside, Seed hy the …………………. 304 – on Furlough, Farmer, Brayton C. Case .. 747 – Women, Educating …………………….. 230 – Review of the World-Annual Meeting … 28~ Koreans, Poverty of, Francis O. Clark … " 736 – Service, Why Go Into …………………. 746 Lrubrador-Grenfell Hospital Burned …….. 148 – Training, Venture in, J. Lovell Murray 123 Latin America-Bible Distribution ……….. 68 – Work, Hindrance to …………………… 281 – – Caribbean Seminar ………………….. 68 – 'Vorth. How Much Is a ……………….. 365 –Churches, New ……………………… 385 Missions, Definition of ………………….. 155 – – Workers Wanted ……………………. 219 – Dependent and Independent …………… 524 Laymen-Men and Missions Sunday ……… 874 – Nerve of ………………………………. 522 – Sball We Revive the, C. H. Patton …….. 816 Mohammedanism Waning? ……………….. 781 Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry …….. 552,635 Mormonism Grows, How …………………. 471 League of Nations, First Decade …………. 65 Mormons, Why Give Gospel to, William E.

Leipzig Mission, Change in ………………. 942 La Rue ……………………………… 844 Lepers, Work for, William M. Danner ….. 329 Morocco-Medical Work …………………. 708 – Poems ………………………………….. 843 Moslem Appraises Missions ………………. 866 – Uprising in China ……………………… 142 Lever That Lifts the World, David Mc- . Conaughy ……………………………. 530 Moslems? How Give Gospel to, Mohammed Liberia, Slavery in …………………….. 71,313 Abdul Gayyum Daskawie ……………. 270 Literature Committee, Women's …………. 376 – in France …………………………….. 543 Lithuania, Protestants in ……………….. 312 – Under 1I1e American Flag, Frank Laubach 343 London Missionary Society ……………….. 70 Motion Pictures and Foreign Missions, James Lutherans, "Foreign Missions" to ……….. 311 Tooker Ford ……………………….. 611 MacDonald, A. Caroline, of Tokyo, M. C. G. Museum. MiSSionary …………………….. 553 Fraser ………………………………. 890 Negro Women Courageous ……………….. 634 McDowell, Mrs. William Fraser …………. 217 Negro's Religion …………………………. 471 Marshall Islands ………………………… 231 New Guinea (Papua) Changes in ……….. 470 Medical Work …………………………….. 66 – – Missions ……………~ ……………….. 538 Meeting the World's Greatest Need, John R. New Hebrides-Missionaries Needed ……… 232 Mott …………………………………. 10 New Zealand, Earthquake in ……………. 306 Men and Missions Anniversary ………….. 636 – – "School of the Prophets" …………… 513 – What the Church Offers ……………….. 34 – – Then and Now ………………………. 631 Message for Today. James I. Vance ……… 204 – – youth ………………………………… 788 Methods-All fo,. Christ …………………. 447 Nicaragua, Baptist Work ………………… 472 – Candle-Lighting Service ……………….. 526 – Earthquake …………………………….. 385 – Children, Enrolling ……………………. 850 – Missionary Murdered ………………….. 473 – Children's Work and Adults ………….. 128 Nigeria-Church Growth …………………. 389 – Devotional Service …………………. 129,403 – Gospel Seeks ………………………….. 545 – Education in the Home, Mrs. O. S. Davis 206 Nightingale, Florence, Creed of ………… 192 – Game. Missionary Geography ………….. 854 Non-Christian World, Trends, Samuel M. – Gift Givers, J. Neal Griffith ……………. 925 Zwemer ……………………………… 251 – Giving as Worship …………………….. 613 Norway, Religion in Schools ……………. 862 – Home, Beginning at, Mrs. P. H. Austin .. 212 Opium and League of Nations …………… 796 – Honor Points, Recording ………………. 850 Optimist's Creed …………………………. 780 – Husbands, Uninterested, Mrs. N. W. Nolen 212 Outlook for 1931 ………………………….. 49 – Laymen's Missionary Sunday …………. 853 Outlook on the New Year. Robert E. Speer 5 – Men's Meeting ………………………… 291 Palestine, Crisis in, S. B. Rohold ………… 276 -Mission Study Programs ……………….. 926 – Hospice in Jerusalem …………………. 781 – Negro Meeting …………………………. 290 – Jews 'Welcomed in Hebron ……………. 624 – Parent, Reaching the ………………….. 291 – Modernized …………………………….. 781 – Playlet, Chinese ………………………. 373 – Missionary Council …………………….. 866 – – Medical Missions ……………………. 63 – Orphanage Work, Sixty Years of ……… 943 – – Straw_Baby, Mary Brewster Hollister .. 63 – Fnrest …………………………………. 781 – Posters …………………………………. 530 Panama Canal Zone ….. : ……………….. '543 – Prayer. Mrs. H. W. Bippus …………… 852 Papua, GOing to School in ……………….. 950 – Prize Hymn, God, Low Brooding on the Peace Pact, Getting Behind the .. 58,485,789,875 Deep ………………………………… 928 – – for Twenty-seven ;'ations …………… 221 – Produce Results? What, Robert Laws … 17 – Working Together for, Elinor K. Purves .. 534 – Reports, Interesting …………………… 850 Persia Changing …………………. .463,546, 709 – Rural Fields ………………………… 768, 850 – Ferment in ……………………………. 390 – Story. Best Home Mission …………….. 208 – Gospel in ……………………………… 3]5 – – Telling, Maud F. Roby ……………… 131 – Mcdical Advance ………………………. 782 – Stranger Within Thy Gates, Halladay – Opportunities in ……………………….. 334 Woods ………………………………. 768 – Request for a Doctor …………………. 463 – Training of Missionary Mary, Eleanor – l'nloosing God's Word. 'Vm. M. Wysham 12] Porter ………………………………. 208 Persian Rugs and Human Life ………. , …. 944 – Treasurer's Report, Vitalizing, Mrs. M. H. Personals-Alexander, Dr. Will W ……….. 883 Osborne ……………………………… 212 – Athearn, Walter Scott ………. 2d cover, Nov. – Villages in Scripture and Song ……….. 690 – Azariah, George ………………………. 403 – Work for Boys and Girls ……………… 205 – Barncs, C. Rankin ……………………… 241 – 'Vrong? Are Our Missionary, Paul W. – Barton, .Tames L. . ……………………. 162 IIarrison …………………………….. 415 – Berry, Martha ………………………… 482 MexiCO-Autonomy ……………………….. 542 – Boole, Ella A. .. ……………………….. 561 – Church I,aw Trouble ………………….. 703 – Burleson, Bishop Hugh L ……………… 883 – Earthquake …………………………….. 300 – In the League of Nations ……………… 937 – Brickman. Helen M. . …… 561, 2d cover, Nov. – New Days …………………………….. 148 – Brooks, Charles A. . ………… 3d cover, F'eb. – Protestant Work ………………………. 542 – Sunday-school ; …………………………. 219 – Campbell, Mary J. .. ………… 3d cover, F'eb. Mexican Indians … ; ……………………… 937 – Carver, Dr. . …………………………… 880 Mission Boards Non-Conductors? Are, Paul – Chester, S. H. . ……………………….. 211 Harrison …………………………….. 756 – Lands, Present Crisis in, Delavan L. – Chitambar, Jashwant Rao ……………… 163 Pierson ……………………………… 435 – Condit, James H. . ………….. 2d cover, Jan. – Work? Shall We Simplify, Paul W. Har- – Crawford. Mrs. Dan ………… 2d cover, Jan. rison ………………………………… 587 – Datta, S. K ………………….. 2d co~r. Nov. Missionaries at Christmas ……………….. 765 – Davis, Carroll M. . ………….. 3d cover, Feb. – Preparation for, Paul W. Harrison …… 805 – Deck, Northcote ………………………. 48~ – Eddy. George Sherwood ………………. 162 – Goforth, Jonathan ………………………………..;.-..'..4 …….8 … 241 – Goheen, John L. 2 Page Page Personals-Graham, J. A…………………. 83 Prayer Program for Young People, Bernice – Grenfell, Wilfred …………….3d cover, Feb. – Hutchinson, Marion K. . •..•….3d Cover, Dec. Hall Legg …………………………… 933 – Jones, E. Stanley ……………. 2d cover, Jan. – Week of ……………………………….. 66 – Kagawa, Toyohlko ……………………. 642 – World Day of, Mrs. John P. White…..55,855 – Lee, Mrs. Ada ………………………….. 403 Praying for Missionaries, A. J. Gordon …… 811 – Limouze, Arthur Henry ……………….. 643 Presbyterian Foreign Mission, Century of .. 633 – Maclennan, Kenneth ………… 2d cover, Nov. – Union Voted in U. S. …………………. 66 – MacNeill, John ………………………… 879 Prosperity Return? When 'VIII …………. 612 – Mathews, Basil ………………………… 483 Protestant Episcopal Church and India …. 634 – McConaughy, David ………….3d cover, Feb. – – F'inances ………….. . .. .. . .. . . . . . . .. .. … 307 – Moore, John M…………………………. 241 Race and Brotherhood ……………………. 876 – Mott, John R. ……………….3d cover, Feb. – Tragedy of, N. Usami …………………. 780 – Nelson, Rev. Bert …………………….. 883 Radio, How Missionaries Use, H. W. Peet .. 832 – Neve, Ernest F. .. …………………….. 721 Religion, Shall We "Force" Our, C. B. Mc- – Patton, Carl S. .. ………………………. 561 – Peter, W. W …………………………… 880 Afee …………………………………. 735 – Petrie, M. Josephine ………………….. 321 Religions, Prodigal Son Among, Samuel M. – Quinlan, Florence E. . …………………. 162 – Ritchie, John ……………….. 2d cover, Nov. Zwemer ……………………………… 179 – Ritson, J. H …………………………… 403 Religious Education in Mountain Schools, – Robertson, Alexander ……….3d '-'ver, April – Robertson, C. H. .. …………………….. 880 Mrs. Verner G. Early ………………. 187 – Roome, W. J. W. .. …………………… 403 – Membership of the World ……………… 460 – Rule, Ruth B. ……………….2d cover, Nov. Remember, Twelve Things to ……………. 460 -Rushbrooke, J. H ……………………… 721 Revell, F'leming H. . ……………………… 849 – Schweitzer, Dr. Albert , .. " ….2d cover, Jan. Rohold, S. B. …………………………….. 520 – Scudder, Ida S……………………….. , .. 403 Roman Catholics, Statistics ……………… 234 – Smith, Fred B. . ……………………….. 561 Rumania-Protestants …………………….. 622 – TrowIJrldge, Stephen Van R. . .3d covel', Feb. Rural Areas of World, Unreached………… 65 – Upson, A. T. . ……………… 3d cover, April Russia-Atheism and Christianity '" .312, 387, 794 – Wainwright, S. H ……………………… 321 – Cathedral Bombed …………………….. 864 – Wang, C. T …………………………….. 561 – Church Closed …………………………. 222 – Wanless, William ……………………… 162 – Futurist Town ………………………… 622 – Watson, Charles R. .. …………………. 162 – White, Charles L. . ………….3d cover, Feb. – Gospel on the Frontier ……………….. 793 – White, J. Campbell ………… 3d cover, April – Intolerance ………………………….. 387, 706 – White, W. W. .. ……………………….. 482 – Plight of Christians ………………….. 608 – Wilkie, D.D., Rev. A. W ……..3d Cover, Dec. – Sect, New ………………… , ………….. 476 – Williams. Walter B ……………………. 403 – Seen in Soviet …………………………. 70 – Willoughby, W. C……………………… 642 – Wireless Propaganda ……… , ………….. 311 – Woodard, Adelaide ……………………. 643 Russian Refugees, Stranded …………….. 222 Peru-Indigenous Church ………………… 7M Sabbath Observance. Temporal Value of …. 697 – Minister of Mercy, Samuel G. Inman ….. 812 Salary Cuts and "No Retreat" ………….. 918 – Rebellion .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . . . . . .. . . .. 309 Salvation Army, Changes ………………150,386 – Revival ………………………………632 862 San Domingo, Protestants in …………….. 68 Philippines-Books Wanted, Florence G.' Scientist, Faith of ………………………. 846 Scotland-Duff, Alexander ……………….. 150 Tyler ………………………………… 775 – Forward Movement in, Donald Fraser, 149,363 – Children, Work for ……………………. 874 SeU-Support and Evangelism ……………. 553 – Churches Unite ………………………… 701 Serbian Patriarch for Cooperation ………. 544 – DiSCiples ……………………………….. 539 Siam, Burmese Gospel Team in … , ………. 113 – Field, New …………………………….. 700 – Christian Council ………………………. 711 – Christians Accept Responsibilities …….. 354 =- Flllplnizing MiSSions ………………….. 305 – Land of King Prajadhipok, George T. Scott 431 ifg:-gt'i3a~~~dg.. ::::::::::: ::::::: ::::: :::::: ~~ – Lepers Give to Missions ………………. 945 – Missions Encouraged …………… 393, 549,711 – Moros, Bibles for ……………………… 874 – Surprising Kingdom. Mrs. F. 1. Johnson 601 Singh, Sadhu Sundar, Harry W. Nissanka .. 915 – – of Mindanao, Frank Laubach ……….. 343 Slavery in Liberia ……. , ………………. 71, 313 – Youth Movement ……………………… 469 – Modern …………….. , ………………… 120 Pocket Testament League In Portugal ……. 621 Socotra, Island of ……………………….. 944 Soderblom. Jonathan ……………………. 794 Poem-Commiss,loned, Henry ,V. Frost …… 100 Sorabji, Susie …………………………… 445 South America-Airplane, Gospel by …….. 309 – Gift, Dante Gabrielle Rosetti ………….. 92 – – Campaign, Evangelistic ……………… 474 – Give a Thought to Africa Hosea K. – Seas-Cu Its …………………….. ,…….. 382 – – Progress ……………………………… 126 Nyahonga ……………… : ………….. 660 Soy Bean Milk, E. T. Rosenberger ………. 371 – God's Handwriting …………………….. 86 Spain-Illiteracy Drive ………………. , …. 621 – Ideal Society ………………………….. 774 – Disestablishes the Church ……………… 939 – "If"-for Missionaries, Evelyn H. Walms- – Liberty in New, Wayne H. Bowers ……. 570 – Protestantism in ……………………. 150,411 ley ………………………………….. 5110 Spanish Republic ………………………… 544 – Immanuel, J. S. Hoyland ……………… 58 – – and Protestantism, Juan Orts Gonzalez. 565 – Missionary …………………………….. 408 Speer, Robert E., Anniversary …………… 919 – On the Indian Road, Pearl D. Langley .. " 930 – Prayer, A. Mildred Watson …………… 200 Statistics-Canada Church Giving ……….. 67 – Praying. Witnessing Together, F. M. North 136 – Church Members ……………………… 217 – What of the Night, 0 Watchman? …….. 9 – Communism ……………………………. 864 Poems hy Lepers ………………………… 843 – Crime in P. S. ,……………………….. 67 Poland, Visit to …………………………. 705 – Medical Missions ………………………. 66 Policies, Crisis in Missionary, Delavan L. – Missionary Giving …………………. , … 821 – National Churches ………………… " … 125 Pierson ……………………………… 603 Stewardship. Christian ………………….. , 818 Poor Be Christians? Can, Paul W. Harrison 493 – Conference, W'orld, David McConaughy .. 819 Porto Rican Children, Feeding ………….. 149 Straws in the Missionary Wind, Lois .J. Elder 509 Porto Rico-Auto, Chapel ……………….. 861 Student Volunteer Convention, Coming ….. 796 – – Church, United, F. L. Brownlee ……. 263 – – Movement, Recruits Nemled· …………. 315 – – Hospital, St. Luke's ………………… 703 Students from the Orient ……………….. 923 – – Merger. New ……………………….. 791 Sudan-Religious Freedom ……………….. 866 – Trained Leaders for …………………… 938 Sumatra News …………………………… 538 Portugal-Pocket Testament League in ….. 621 Sunday-school Statistics …………………. 275 Poverty and the Gospel, Arthur C. Boggess 725 Sweden-Missions in …………………….. 544 Prayer. Call to …………………………… 54 Swedish Missions ………………………… 221 – for Officers and Staffs …………………. 297 – – Unity ………………………………… 860 Page Page Swiss Missions .••…•…………………….. 940 United States-oriental Problem …………. 385 Syria-Advance …………………………… 334 – – Presbyterian Union Voted ………….. 66 – Aleppo, Ten Years at …………………. 152 – – Prohibition and the Church ……….. 383 – United Missionary Council …………….. 866 – – – Failed? Has ……………………… 767 – Women Make Demands ……………….. 546 – – – on the Bowery ……………………. 147 Syrian Mission, British ………………….. 72 – – Scholarship ………………………….. 381 Temperance Forces, Allied ……………….. !l5O – – Religion …………………………..146,540 Ten Months at the Front, D. L. Pierson …. 51 – – – Can America Endure Without, John Testament Campaign, Million …………… 796 Tsal, Story of Miss ………………………. 916 McDowell ……………………………. 684 Turkey Anti-Missionary …………………. 709 – – – in America-Whither? Hugh T. Kerr 645 – Education, New ……………………. 297,314 – – Religious Census ….. , ………………. 232 – Christian Monthly …………………….. 390 – – "Restoration Fund," U. P …………… 472 – Forward Looking ……………………314, 709 – – Rural Youth, Jay S. Stowell ………. 349 – Imitating America ……………………… 72 – – Schoois of Missions …………………. 233 – Loudspeakers, Muezzins' ………………. 314 – – Self-Support and Giving ……………. 384 – Religious Education …………………… 867 – – Silver Bay ………………………….. 542 – Schools. Allen …………………………. 623 – – Social Work Conference ……………. 541 – "Yellow" Editors Jailed ……………….. 867 – – Student Religion ……………………. 701 Turkish Citizen ………………………….. 297 – – Students, Foreign …………………… 307 Turks Are Reading, What ……………….. 463 – – Town Churches and Country Needs … 876 Unemployment, Minister Solves ………….. 826 – – Tuskegee Jubilee ……………………. 384 Union, Church …………………………… 6?6 – – Unchurched Americans, Elizabeth R. – in India, Manifesto on Church ………… 100 – Prayer for Spiritual …………………… 460 Hooker ……………………………… 667 – Presbyterian ……………………………. u6 – – Union, Vermont Church ……………. 472 United States-Automobile Ravages …….. 540 – – Un()/jcial Ambassadors ……………… 307 – – Berea College ………………………. 384 – – ""estminster' College, Utah ………….. 308 – – Bible House of Los Angeles ………… 632 – – Workers, Heiping Homeless, Adela J. – – – i n Southern Night Schools ……….. 541 – – Broadcasting Religion ………………. 875 Ballard ……………………………… 827 – – Boys' Prayer Meeting ………………. 703 – – Workers, Statistics on ……………… 232 – – Chautauqua Institutes ………………. 379 – – Y. M. C. A. and Religion ………….. 789 – – Chicago ……………………………… 703 – – – Investigating the …………………. 232 –Chlldren WhO Need Help' …………… 146 Unity, Prayer for ……………………….. 860 – – Chinese Missions ……………………. 540 Un reached Rural Areas of the World ……. 65 – – – Newspaper Evangelism ……………. 234 Venezuela-Church Conflict ……………… 309 – – Churches, Facts About ……………… 383 – Missions ……………………………….. 220 – – – National Mission .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 306 – – Open Door ………………………….. 364 – – Congregationalists and Christians Unite 702 War? Can Rellgion Stop, Henry A. Atkinson 37 – – Covered Wagon, New ……………….. 789 – Cause and Cure of …………………….. 935 – – Crime Bill …………………………… 67 – Church Against ……………………….. 218 – – Disciples Cut E,xpenses …………….. 875 – Clergymen and ……………………….. 713 -…,- Dry Newspaper, Daily ……………… 631 – Cost of ………………………………… 849 – – Episcopal Churches …………………. 233 Whom Shall We Send? Paul W. Harrison .. 805 – – Evangelized, How a City was, S. M. Womanhood and Christ ………………….. 72 Woman's Union, Mrs. E. Tallmadge Root … 216 Shoemaker ……………………. . . .. … 651 Women, Appeal of ………………………. 295 – – Florida Assemblies ………………. 233,378 – Emancipation of ……………. 2d cover, July – – Football and Gospel ………………… 316 – the World Over ………………………. 617 – – Jails, How to Close …………………. 67 – Unite in Service ………………………. 532 – – Japanese in New York …………..147,540 Working Man and the Church, Edgar M. – – Law Observance ……………………. 632 – – Liquor Traffic and the Church ………. 383 Wahlberg ……………………………. 822 – – Loyalty Crusades …………………… 306 World Alliance for Friendship ………….. 876 – – Lynchings Since 1885 ……………….. 620 – Conditions Reviewed …………………… 705 – – Men's Congress in Cincinnati ……….. 145 – Court, Esther E. Lape …………………. 777 – – Methodist Conference ……………….. 702 – – Material ……………………………… 218 – – Migrant Field, Edith Lowry ………. 536, 692 – – Moslems ……………………………… 540 – Day of Prayer ………………………… 213 – – Mountaineers, Religious Education, Mrs. – Dominion Movement ……………………. 713 Verner G. Eariy …………………… 187 – – Negro Community Center ………….. 233 – Missions at Chattanooga, David M. Sweets 355 – – Negroes After Emancipation ……….. 307 –New York a Foreign City …………… 950 – Organize the, Mrs. Lucia A. Mead ……. 294 – – Oriental, As Seen By An, Paul Auh .. 687 – Student Federation ……………………. 789 World's Greatest Need, John R. Mott ……. 10 – Sunday-school Convention in Rio …….. 220 – – – Statistics ………………………….. 276 Young People and the Church, Ralph McAfee 267 Youth Are Wanted ……………………… 689 BOOKS REVIEWED Page Page China Christian Year Book ……………… 953 Adventures in Pbilosophy and Religion, China Year Book, 1!131, H. G. W. Woodhead. 539 James B. Pratt …………………….. 319 China's Crucifixion, Putnam Weale ……… 157 China's Revolution From the InSide, R. V. African Stories, Albert D. Helser ………. 237 Allen, Young J., "The Man Who Seeded Lo …………………………………… 560 Christ of the Burma Road, V. W. Dyer …. 878 China," Warren A. Candler …….•.. 399 Christian Mission in Rural India, Kenyon L. Amazon and Andes, Kenneth G. Grubb …. 317 Bahaism: Its Origin, History and Teach- Butterfield …………………………… 557 Christians and Jews Report ……………… 714 ings, William McE. Miller ………….. 798 Christians in China Before 1550, A. C. Moule 79 Bantu Are Coming, Ray E. Phillips ………. 78 Clash of World Forces, Basil Mathews …. 478 Beautiful Gold-A Story of Burma, Robert Coming Religion, Nathaniel Schmidt ……. 160 Community Religion and the Denominational B. Thurber ………………………… 798 Behind Mud Walls, Charlotte V. Wiser alld Heritage, Various Authors …………. 80 Confucius and ConfUcianism, Richard William H. Wiser ………………….. 77 Bible Characters in the Koran, John Walker 800 Wilhelm …………………………….. 639 Books for Young People …………………. 80 Country Parson Looks at Religion, Harold By My Spirit, Jonathan Goforth ………… 637 Case for India, John S. Hoyland ……….. 79 A. Prichard ………………3d cover, Sept. Challenge of Russia, Sherwood Eddy …… 477 Page Page Death Valley, Bourke Lee ………………. 160 Porto Rico and Its Problems …………… 236 Directory of Protestant Missions in China, Preacher and His Missionary Message, 1930, C. L. Boynton, Ed. . ……….320, 480 Stephen J. Corey ……………………. 157 Education for World-Mindedness, Albert Preaching Value of Missions, Helen B. Mont- John Murphy ……………………….. 559 gomery ………………….. :.. .. . .. .. … 800 Evangelical Christianity in the Philippines, Protestant Cooperation in American Cities, Camilo Osias and Avelina Lorenzana … 318 H. Paul Douglass ………………….. 554 Evangelization of Pagan Africa, J. Du Quakers as Pioneers in Social Work. Au- Plessis ………………………………. 158 guste Jorns …………………………. 878 Everyland Children-Candy and Love, Lucy Rainbow Missionary Stories, Stella M. Rudy 80 W. Peabody …………………………. 640 Realism in Romantic Japan, Miriam Beard 160 Ewing, Archibald Orr, Marshall Broomball. 637 Reconstructing India, Edward Thompson .. 79 Fellowship of TOil, John McDowell …….. 480 Reform Movement in Judaism, David Philip- son ………………………………….. 556 Field Is the World, James 1. Vance …….. 637 Religion in West Africa, Missionary Survey 558 First H 0 s pit a I at Lambarene. Albert Schweitzer ………………………….. 954 Religion of Jesus, Toyohlko Kagawa …….. 716 Religion in a Changing World, Abba Hillel Forty Years on the Labrador-Life Story of Sir Wilfred Grenfell, Ernest H. Hayes 237 Silver ………………………………. 156 Gods of Wealth and War, J. L. Stewart …. 720 Religion on the American Frontier, W. W. God's World. Cornelius H. Patton ……….. 963 Sweet ……………………………….. 800 Grass Roof. Younghlll Kang …………….. 639 Report of World's Committee of the Y. M. Guinness of Honan, Mrs. Howard Taylor…. 560 C. A………………………………… 720 Romance of the Black River-Story of the Handbook of the Churches. Ed. by Charles Stelzle ………………………………. 318 C. M. S. Nigeria Mission, F. Deaville Walker ……………………………… 236 Hands Around the World, Archer Wallace 80 Hannington, James. J. Johnson Leak ….. 239 Rural Billion, Charles M. McConnell ……. 714 Helping People Grow, Daniel J. Fleming .. 559 Schweitzer, Albert: The Man and His Work, John D. Regester …………………… 478 Hinduism Invades America, Wendell Thomas 159 Hinterlands of the Churches, E. R. Hooker 714 Seen and Heard in a Punjab Village, Miriam Young ……………………………….. 638 India: Land of the Black Pagoda, Lowell Thomas ……………………………… 717 Sindiga the Savage, Eric A. Beavon ……… 78 India's Religion and Christianity Compared, Sketches from Missionary Life in Spain. E. H. Trenchard … .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 240 Rudolf Otto …………………………. 718 Japan Mission Year Book …………….320.798 Social Work Year Book, Fred S. Hall …… 399 Jewish Calendar for 1931 ………………… 239 "So Send I You"-Mlsslonary Studies, Os- Jumping Beans, Robert N. McLean …….. 158 wald Chambers .. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. …….. 319 Spirit Filled Life, George Goodman ……. . Key of Progress: Survey of Women In India, Several Contributors ……………….. 638 ……………………………. 3d cover, Oct. Stewardship Parable of Jesus, Roswell C. Korea: The Old and the New, Ella-Sue Long ………………………………… 479 Wagner ……………………………… 718 Land of Behest, Constance E. Padwick …. 478 Story of the Near East Relief, James L. Barton ………………………………. 157 Lands Across the Seas …………………… 77 Life of Cardinal Newman, Gaius Glenn At- Studies in Christian Stewardship ………… 954 kins …………………………………. 719 Study of the Student Home of China, Ava Life of Jesus, Basil Mathews ……………. 555 B. Milam ……………………………. 79 Living with the Bible, Mary SchauIller Platt 317 Lutheran Mission YearboOk, 1931 ………… 640 Tailum Jan-A Christian Widow in Upper "Ma," the Heroine of Calabar, Esther E. Burma, A. T. Houghton …………… 480 Enoch ……………………………….. 80 Tales of India. Various Authors …………. 80 Main, Doctor, of Hangchow, Kingston De Tamarisk Garden Blessed with Rain, Auto- Gruche ………………………………. 156 biography of Pastor Ren …………… 159 Making of Modern Missions, Stacy R. War- Tanganyika's New Day, G. A. Chambers .. 798 burton ………………………………. 797 Martyn, Henry, of Persia, Jessie Page ….. 80 Through Brazilian Jungleiands with the Message of the Home Mission Congress .. Book, F. C. Glass ………………….. 80 …………………………….3d cover, Oct. Through the Lands of Nyanza, William J. Miracle Lives in China. Rosalind and Jona- W. Roome ………………………….. 239 than Goforth ……………………….. 720 To the Ends of the World and Back, J. Walker McSpadden …………… : ….. 878 Missionary Stories ……………………….. 134 Torchlights to the Cherokees: The Brainerd Moody, D. L., W. R. Moody ……………… 78 MiSSion, Robert S. Walker …………. 877 Morals of Tomorrow, Ralph W. Sockman .. 317 Turn Toward Peace, Florence B. Boeckel … 80 Negro Year Book, Monroe N. Work………. 953 Twice Born Chinese, Charles E. Scott …… 716 New Hand Book of Denominations …… .. Uncle Sam's Attic, Mary Lee Davis …….. 236 ……………………………3d cover, Sept. Ursula, L. A. Barter-Snow ………………. 80 Northern Republics of South America, Ken- Vassar, Uncle John, Thomas E. Vassar ….. 716 neth G. Grubb …………………….. 877 Waste-Basket Surgery, Gordon S. Seagrave 556 "Out of the Depths"-Life Story of Henry We Are Alaskans, Mary Lee Davis………. 954 F. Milans, C. W. Hall …………….. 799 Will America Become Catholic? John F. Pacific Islands, Missionary Survey, J. W. Moore ……………………………….. 878 Burton ………………………………. 479 Within the Four Seas-A Shantung Idyl, Pastor and Religious Education, Harry C. Paul Richard Abbott ………………. 765 Munro ………………………………. 235 Words of God in an African Forest, W. R. People and Politics of South America, Mary Wheeler …………………………….. 797 W. Wllliams ……………………….. 156 World Revolution and Religion, Paul Hutch- Pioneering for Jesus. the Story of Henrietta inson ………………………………… 717 Hall Shuck. T. S. Dunaway ………… 240 X Y Z of Communism, Ethan T. Colton ….. 399

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1927

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5 East 48th Street. :: New York City PERSONALS MISS MARY ENTWISTLE, English author of several missionary books for children, DR. ROBE&T P. WILDER, General Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement for and lecturer on missionary education, psy· Foreign Missions, has accepted a cal] from . chology and story-telling is spending the the newly formed Christian Council of Western Asia and Northern Africa to serve . . summer in the United States as the guest as its Executive Secretary for three years. Mr. Jesse R. Wilson, former Associate Sec· of the Missionary Ed"ucation Movement. retary, will succeed him as General Secre- SRINIVASA SASTRI, president of the Servtary of the Student Volunteer Movement. ants of India Society, is to be the first Agent-General of India in South Africa, LOUIS P. DAME", M" .D"., of the; Arabian under the new arrangement between the Mission of-' the Reformed ,church in America, a contributor to the Febl'uary, two countries. ' 1927, issue of the Review, has been: appointed a Fellow of the Royal Geographic °fUTUARY Society of Great Britain, in recognition of his notable journeys into the interior of RI'.". ARTHUR·,e. RYAN, D.D., formerly Arabia. secretary of. the Levant Agency of the DR. RAROLD BALlIIE, who went to China American Bible SOCiety, and since 1925 a in 1906 as a medical missionary of the Eng- general secretary at the New York headlish _Baptist Missionary Society, has re- quarters, died suddenly on June 22d at signed the presidency of Shantung Christian his home in Scarsd"ale", N,.. Y. . University at Tsinan.fu, a position which MRS. THEODORE M. MACNAIR, a mis· sionary in Japan of the Board of Foreign he has occupied since 1921. Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the "" U. S. A. from 1880 to 1922, died in Wash- REV. A. F. DECAMP, who, when sixty· ington, D. C. on J*uly,. 16,.th. seven years old, went out to Korea at his own charges and for sixteen years has PRO]'ESSOR J. E. K. AooREY, a native served as editor of The Kcrea Mission African, Vice-Principal of the recently es- Field and pastor of the foreign church in Seoul, has returned with Mrs. DeCamp to tablished college at Aehimota, on the Gold the United States. Coast, who was a member of the Phelps- Stokes Educational Commissions to Africa in 1920 and 1924, died suddenly in New York City on July 30th, in the fifty-fourth year of his age.

Please mention THE 'MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, EJlto, CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1927 Page }'RONTISPIECE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A MISSIONARY HU!!G:Elt MAP OF JAPAN OUTLOOK FOR CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JONATHAN GOFORTH 645 A mis8ionary, w~th noo,rl'l/ forty years of Gxperrience in China, (tVves his in~ t(fl"pretation of the present~day situation and the prospects for the future de~ 1Jelopmen.t of th~ Christian Churah. THE UNFINISHED TASK IN JAPAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HARVEY BROKAW 651 One of the senior missionaries who has worked for a generation in Japan de~ scribes the unoocupied areM and the alM8es that are still without the Gospel of Christ WHAT JAPANESE CHRISTIANS ARE DOING IN KOBE . . . . SUSAN A. SEARLE 658 An impressVvG and encouraging story of how Christian Japanese are underr- taking to evangelwe and serve their fellow countryme1lr-beginning at their ow.. city. THE BATTLE FOR PURITY IN JAPAN ………………… E. C. HENNIGAR 664 A graphic description of how Christian forces are being ma.rsJlOlleif., to wipe out the great blot on the sO'cial escutcheon of the Japanese Empire.

WHAT CREED DO MISSIONARIES NEEDT ………… SAMUEL M. ZWEME& 669 The well-known missionary, who has devoted his life to presenting the Gospel to unbelw1Jer8, poiflots out the essential elements iflo the faith of a- missionary.

KOREA AWAKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. T. NEWLAND 673 Signs of 8piritw,1 Ufe and aati'lJity in the midst of politieal proMems and material aava-Mement.

A DOUBLE PRESENT-DAY MIRACLE IN KOREA . . . . . . . . . . . A. G. FLETCHER 676 Evidence8 of the fulfillment of the promise of the pre8enae of Christ working with His missiona.ries in Korea.

NEW LIFE FOR JAPANESE IN AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . ESTHER MCCoLLOUGH 679 The story of Christian work carried on by the AmeriOOln Baptists in Seattle to help Japanese) in their contaots with a ,ww a"d strange land.

ON THE AMERIOAN SIDE OF THE RIO GRANDE . __ …… THOMAS BU&GESS 689 A narrative of what a missionary secreta..y saw on a recent visit to the boraer- line between the United States ana Mexico.

BEST METHODS ON PROGRAM PREPARATION ….. MRS. WILLARD H. SMITH 693 A MISSIONARY HISTORY TEST ON JAPAN AND KOREA … BELLE M. BRAIN 699 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN … EDITF.D BY ELLA D. MAcLAURIN 700 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN ….. EDITED BY FLOR.ENCE E. QUINLAN 703 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS………………………………………. 705 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……………………………………… 719 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 eeDts. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1927, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING OOMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer. President Wm. I. Chamberlain. Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall. Treasurer Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial and Business Office, 156 1I'Iftll Avenue, Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. New York City Entered a. second-class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act ot March B. 1879. NEW BOOKS •Let your GIFT The Encyclopledia of Islam: A Dictionary to Foreign Missions of the Geography, Ethnography and Biography of the Mohammedan Peoples; PAY YOU prepared by a number of leading Orien- talists. Edited by M_ Th. H<mtsma, A. a LIFE Income .T. Wensinck, T. W. ArnOld, W. Heffening and E. Levi Provencal. Fasciculus F. "All my life I have been interested in Foreign Shamdinan Shihab al-Din. 305-68 pp. Missions. All I could devote to this workfrom my 58. Luzac. London. 1926. income seems so little, yet I dare not use my capital. for that is all I have to rely on for my support." The Christian Conviction. Cleland B. Mc- Afee. 211 pp. $2.00. Macmillan Co. Is that your problem? An Annuity Gift to New York. 1926_ the Board from your capital will pay you a definite, guaranteed Income for life, of from Women in Industry in the Orient: A Source Book. Statistical Maps and 4 Yz %to 9% per year, Charts. 221 pp. Woman's Press. New York. relieve you of all the worry and care of invest- ing, will pay you the annuity regularly and A Historical Survey of Christian Missions: From the First Century to the End of assure the safety of the principal. the Seventeenth. A Henderson and E. Annuity Gifts now in force range from $100 Parry. 90 pp. 28 6d. Faith Press. Lon- don. 1927. to $65,000 and total over one and a quarter million dolIars. During the forry years the Board George Grenfell: Pioneer in Congo. has been writing Annuity Gift Agreements, it (Modern Series of Missionary Biog- has never failed to pay the annuity when due. raphies.) H. L. Hemmens. Fronti•. Map. 248 pp. 58. Student Christian FOT F'UTrher InfOTmation Write to Movement. London. 1927. ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary, Dept. of Annuities The Missionary Education of Juniors. Jean G. Hutton. 178 pp. $1.00. Mis- BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS sionary Education Movement. New York. 1927. of the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A.

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SIJQOVS SIIOIITiI61 _ _ … – IilllllIll IWAP5I!UftTE ~U".~y vI,. …_ t:!'hll~.1tl.,.wt.""""'~""tf. . CIIIftII.) SEE ARTICL E BY DR. HARVEY BROKAW ( P AGE 651 )

SEPTEMBER, 1927

L NINE The. Outlook for Christianity in China BY TH'E REV. ;rONATHAN GOFORTH, SZEPINGKAI, MANCHURIA, CHINA T ET there be no discouragement. Conditions at Corinth were L very disturbed when the Lord of the harvest, inspired His serv- ant with the assurance that he had' 'much people" in that city. Amid this vast multitude of over four hundred millions, our God must have many sons and daughters. We praise Him for the goodly company who have already received power to become the sons of God. It is an earnest of the vaster company yet to be. The Lord reigns! In spite of satanic hate and opposition, our omnipotent Saviour is abundantly willing and able to draw His chosen unto Himself.

In the midst of conditions more gloomy, the devoted Judson so caught the" heavenly vision," that he could triumphantly say, "The prospects for Ohristianity in Burmah are as bright as the promises of God!" "Behold, these shall come from far: and, 10, these from the North and the West; and these from the land of Sinim." As long as we hold to the belief that this promise of God is still operative for the lands of the North and Continents of the West, as well as for Africa's sons and daughters, we must expect that China's teeming millions will yet yield up a mighty host. The great Shepherd, who laid down His life for the sheep of many folds will not stop searching, and will be no respecter of countries, until all His sheep are gathered out of every land; China included. Since China is embraced in the" God so loved the World," the blessed Son of God will not fail nor be discouraged until His saving grace is more widely and powerfully proclaimed among her unsaved millions. Ohristianity has been planted in China by the living God and all the legions of hell cannot root it out.

645

The present satanic hate is not unusual. It was just as intense in the Roman Empire during the first and second centuries. The Jews of that time rejected and crucified the Son of God. One of the greatest of the persecutors, after his eyes were opend, wrote of his people "Who both killed the Lord Jesus, and their own prophets, and have persecuted us." A glance at the Acts of the Apostles is enough to show that the Jew was an expert at stirring up a Gentile mob to attack Christianity. The anti-Christian upheaval in China is engineered by the same race from a Russian centre. The most awful persecutions however, in the Roman Empire originated in the heart of Satan, apart altogether from Hebrew instrumentality. The type of Christianity proclaimed and lived as the Lord Jesus has ordained, is sure to arouse opposition while the god of this world holds sway.

The devil opposition was fully expected by the early heralds of the Cross. Knowing the Scriptures they were never discouraged, for their Lord had carefully warned them of what they might expect. At the beginning there were no carnal weapons in the church's annory. They were armed to contend against satanic forces entrenched in principalities and powers and were confident that the weapons they used were mighty to the pulling down of strongholds. If the prayer weapon were used as authorized in Ephesians 6: 18, nothing could withstand the Church, for there would be constant revival everywhere. What we mean by revival is, God the Holy Spirit in absolute control of every follower of Jesus Christ the Lord. Anything less than this, falls short of the purpose of God and defrauds the souls of the lost. A church full of such Christians, praying in the Holy Spirit would bring heaven down and render impotent hell's opposition. The late Dr. A. T. Pierson, the greatest of missionary advocates and one who was used to move me mightily along mission lines, says: "From the day of Pentecost, there has been not one great spiritual awakening in any land which has not begun in a union of prayer, though only among two or three; no such outward, upward movement has continued after such prayer meetings have declined; and it is in exact proportion to the maintenance of such joint and believing supplication and intercession that the Word of the Lord in any land or locality has had free course and been glorified. "

Nineteen years ago, we witnessed extraordinary movements of the Holy Spirit in Manchuria and elsewhere in China, and afterwards found that thousands of revived Korean Christians and an invalid saint in London had united in prayer for that purpose. The Korean was the greatest revival of modern times and it followed on the spending of four months in prayer by a band of about twenty missionaries. This year, in several centres in South Chili and Western Shantung, a genuine spiritual revival is in progress. We heard the story a few days ago from some who were, instruments in it, and

THE OUTLOOK FOR CHRISTIANITY IN .CHINA

found that it followed months of believing burdened prayer. The Christian warriors who wield this prayer weapon, whether in the first or twentieth century never become discouraged, because their reliance is in the great I Am.

The Gospel has not lost any of its ancient power. Anyone coming to China, filled with the Spirit, and relying only on His almighty power as did the Apostle Paul in 1st Corinthians, Second Chapter is bound to win souls in spite of all opposition. But we must not make too much of the present proofs of hate. It is safe to say that the vast majority of the Chinese are not affected by it. It is an artificially worked up thing which is bound to decline as soon as Bolshevism is discounted. While most of the missionaries have been called from their work in many centres we have just commenced a new work here in Manchuria. After about forty years of service in China we can testify that we have never met with greater respect, with greater friendliness, nor with greater eagerness to hear the gospel of the grace of God, than since we commenced work at Szep- ingkai, Manchuria, May the first of this year. From the first day men and women commenced turning to the Lord. No day has passed without some accepting the salvation offered in Christ Jesus, and one day as many as twenty decided. We have aimed to let the Word of God speak, during the many hours of preaching! each day. What we see in this centre we are confident could be seen in dozens of places in our new field, had we but the time and strength to go to them.

The present testing, as by fire, will be a gain to the cause of Christ in China. All of the wood, hay and stubble will, we hope, be burnt up. In too many instances, "another gospel" has been preached and the Eternal Spirit has been grieved. Many students sent to foreign lands have returned infidel. Did we not hear it stated at the Washington Conference two years ago, that more Chinese students attending schools in America were being turned to infidelity than were being won to the faith of Jesus Christ in China 1 It was Professor Loiieb who said that over fifty per cent of the graduates of the higher seats of learning in the United States are agnostic. The same teaching prevails in other Christian lands. It needs little imagination to realize what havoc has been wrought among Chinese students by such teachings. Many of the Bolshevik propagandists with the Nationalist armies have been students in Christian schools. Much "deadwood" should be cut out through the present testing. In future, our methods should be more in line with those of the early Church in preaching the Gospel. In too large measure, we may have mistaken our Commission to include the building up of great medical and! educational institutions with foreign funds. Any self respecting people will soon resent the foreign control of their education. By all means let us have the highest education in China as well as in the homelands, only let it be controlled by the Spirit of God. Mr. Moody

thought that the greatest menace to any land was when her centers of learning turn out "educated rascals." The present chaos points to the startling fact that many such have been turned loose in the East. In future, let us make it our aim, so to conv;ert the Chinese to God, that they will build and manage their own institutions of learning etc. The buildings may be less ornate and costly, but with the Divine blessing, they will be more in accord with the needs of the Chinese race.

There will be great hope for the Christian cause in China, if we come fully to realize that past failure has been due to too great reliance on man power and method. To triumph now, as in the first century, we need to own that it is "not by might nor by power but by my Spirit saith the Lord of Hosts." Triumph over all the power of the enemy would be close at hand, if all the Home Boards in future, fall more into line with Acts 13: 1-4. No one is fitted for this service unless prepared by the Holy Spirit as were Paul and Barnabas. Neither can there be the slightest justification for any Chris- tian Board sending out men and women to represent Jesus Christ unless so fitted. There might be a smaller force on the China field but it would be efficient. Our ascended Lord will not have His glory divided. The Holy Spirit had only one object in coming to earth, and that was to glorify Him. If, through coming days in China, there will be less evidence of the foreigner's wealth and power, and more evidence of the resource and holiness of the living God, the present setback will be a blessing in disguise.

How are we to cope with this serious crisis which has overtaken the work on this greatest of earth's mission fields 1 On all hands, it is freely admitted here, that we are faced by a very grave crisis. This crisis can be successfully met only in the spiritual realm. What is called for is deep humiliation, repentance and restitution on the part of the Home Boards and of missionaries on the disturbed field. We will not get far in solving our difficulty if the many dismiss with scorn this method as a price too steep to be paid. It ought to humble members of Boards and the eight thousand missionaries in China to have our work so easily upset by a few hundred Bolsheviks. Weare all supposed, according to the riches of God's glory, to be strengthened with might by His Spirit in the inner man. The Christ of God, boundless in love and power, is supposed to dwell in our hearts by faith. One of lIS thus equipped should be able to put a thousand foes to flight and two of us ten thousand. Why so weak in face of foes who are supposed to draw all their inspiration and power from Apollyon1 Manifestly we have been shorn of the Divine power, by which we were supposed to have been equipped. Out of a band of eight thousand missionaries, it is estimated that five hundred are at their stations, five thousand have gone home, and the rest are at -ports under the protection of foreign military forces. We know

THE OUTLOOK FOR CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA

that all has not been lost, for that which our God has planted, cannot be rooted out, but enough has been plucked up to cause the humblest of attitudes before God. There should be repentance for the injury done to the Chinese people and to the cause of God by sending out any witness for Christ who was not empowered by the Holy Spirit according to Acts 1: 8. Many missionaries have been convinced in our hearts that some who have come out were not Spirit-filled witnesses, were tearing down what others had built up.' For the sake of a false peace many kept quiet. Things have now come to such a pass that we are all about to be driven out. If we repent of our unfaithfulness and walk in new obedience in future, there will be abundant hope. In too many instances we missionaries have lorded it too much over the Lord's heritage. The spirit of the New commandment has not been enough in evidence. Too much has it been "the Missionaries" and" the Chinese." It was evident to all that we were not all one in Christ J esus. We missionaries .too, often have blamed the Chinese as lacking in response and appreciation. In every insta'nee I have met with in revival times I have always found the Chinese Christians ready to go more than half way when the missionary humbled himself in confession. Let the Home Boards make reparation to China by henceforth sending only Spirit-filled men and women. If missionaries will resolve that henceforth we will live before the Chinese in all the fulness of God, then God will do the "exceeding abundantly" above all we ask or think. I am convinced that the Ohinese Ohristians will follow to the death the missionary who is manifestly "filled unto all the fulness of God."

In the end, all the problems of the Chinese, or any other mission field, will be readily solved as soon as the Home Ohurch is wealthy enough spiritually tOI send Spirit-filled men as at the beginning. F'or the last day of the great missionary conference at Edinburgh in 1910 the subject was the "Home Base." Seldom have I been conscious of a greater heart pain than during that day. Out of the many short speeches, only a very few laid the emphasis on the Holy Spirit as the needed power. It would almost seem as if it was only a matter of more men more money, better equipment better method. At the close of the Assembly that day I went away feeling that we might go on for another ten or twenty years and in the end be farther from the mark than we are today. In a few short years afterwards the countries of the Home Base represented by that conference were at death grips. Had the highest finding of that conference been a clarion call to a repentance in dust and ashes because we had not truly represented our Lord in mission lands we might be nearer the goal today. The one appalling fact today is that the Home Base has too little of the Spirit of the Lord Jesus Christ to cope with the crisis on the Chinese mission field. The only

hope is for the Home Base to be enriched by a mighty Holy Spirit revival. Then if martyrs shall be called for to meet the Chinese crisis many will respond. Give us a revived Home Base praying mightily in the Holy Spirit, and the outlook for Christianity in China will be, "fair as the moon, clear as the sun, and terrible as an army with banners."

The readers of the REVIEW will be interested in some reference to Marshal Feng and his army. On his return from Russia last Autumn I spent two hours with him. The impression I formed was that he had lost his first love. No man could retain first love with such intense antiforeignism as he then showed. It seemed that Russia was his ideal. He affirmed that he was not Bolshevik but his conversation was full of what they stand for. They so misled him that he seemed sincerely to believe that Russia was the most Christian nation on earth. Each year at the Easter festival in Moscow the Bolsheviks had engineered anti-Christian parades. Last year when Marshal Feng was there these were called off. They knew it would give offence to so sincere a Christian. The Marshal was not in Moscow this year at Easter therefore it was deemed safe to renew the anti-Christian opposition. Marshal Feng declares that he is as real a Christian as ever. I feel that he is blind to his true state before God. I have no doubt whatever that Marshal Feng and many of his generals were really born-again men but they grieved the Holy Spirit when they ceased from seeking the Kingdom of God first. I have every reason for believing that his chief General, Chang Chih Chiang, remains as true as ever to his Lord. By not standing four square for the right, though they as an army might perish, they have lost much ground and done great injury to the cause of Christ. We believe that God will bring them back again to Himself, though He may not use them again as He once did. General Chang does not cease to urge his superior Marshal Feng to be strong and give the Lord first place once again in his army.-J. G.

A press despatch from Shanghai, dated August 15th, reports that, at the instigation of Marshal Feng Yu-Hsiang, who holds the balance of power in the southern factions of the Kuomintang, Marshal Chiang K'ai-Shek has resigned as commander of the Nanking revolutionary forces and has retired to private life. It is reported, also, that the Mayor of Shanghai, General Huang Fu, and five members of the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang, including Dr. C. E. Wu, Nanking Foreign Minister, are also resigning. This is taken to mean that the influence of Marshal Feng has increased and that he is succeeding in his purpose to unite the Southern factions, with headquarters at Hankow and Nanking, to oppose the Northern armies of General Chang Tso-lin. Marshal Feng declares that his purpose is to eliminate the radical, communistic and militaristic elements from the Southern forces.

Unfinished Task in

BY THE REV. HARVEY BROKAW, D.D., KYOTO, JAlPAN EVERY Christian missionary believes that there ought to be a forward move, must be a forward move, and that therefore there will be a forward move. Christianity goes forward or it loses its power and influence. Moreover, without the forward look and the forward move, Christianity is in danger of dying out. But are missionary reinforcements necessary and advisable for the forward move in Japan? Let us look at the facts.

I. Our first fact can be stated without evasion or equivocation or possibility of successful denial. The Task is Unfinished. One missionary has objected to the terminology, intimating that in a sense the task is never finished. Then, let us say that we have re-discovered how tremendous the unfinished task is.

This does not dim in the slightest the glory and miracle of accomplishment up to the present. In all that accomplishment, however, there is the undercurrent of the tremendous, stupendous, complicated, increasingly difficult, well-nigh baffling unfinished task.

Think of some of the figures that make this apparent! Less than one half of 1% of the population of Japan is even nominal Christians -240,000 nominal Christians, and 140,000 of these nominally Protestant out of a total population of Japan of fifty-six million. Let us not camouflage ourselves! One missionary challenges even those figures, intimating that not over one half of the nominal Christians on the rolls could be found. He grounds his challenge on the statistics of average attendance at morning services. Sadly we will have to admit that there is truth in his challenge, although three fourths would seem to be nearer the facts than one half. On that basis, there would be 180,000 Christians, about one in 300 of the population, or a little over one third of 1%. Of these 56,000,000 people, we are told that 75% or forty-two millions are nominally Buddhist.

There is a well-nigh unreached rural population, comprising 70% of the Japanese people, living in about 20,000 rural communities. One of the re-discoveries of our Mission this summer was that Presbyterians are counted spiritually responsible for the evangelism of 8,888 of these rural communities. We did not believe the Church of Christ in Japan can relieve us of the responsibility; and so accepted our responsibility in these words: "The Mission wishes definitely to declare its responsibility for its evangelization of the 8,888 towns and cities of 2,000 to 10,000 population, presumably beyond the sphere of the evangelistic effort of the Church of Christ in Japan."

651

There are 2,500,000 fisher folk unevangelized; 514,000 maidservants and waitresses; 500,000 toilers in the mines, of whom 83,000 are women; 62,000 people "living like rats in a hole in canal boats" in two cities alone; 3,000,000 operatives toiling in foul air and dwelling in crowded quarters, 1,100,000 of them women and children. This array of figures is culled from the papers of Isabelle McCausland, Wm. Axling and Toyohiko Kagawa, who wrote about the social task. Are there onlv 500 Christians in all that vast multitude1 The potentialities for go~d or evil fairly make one gasp.

Add to that array the foul shame of Japan of about 550 licensed brothels, in 11,671 houses, with 48,268 women. One magazine article gives the number as 211,000 women. With a vast unlicensed number, it makes one agree with the writer of a recent article in The Japan Times that, if there is not a hell for men who visit these plaoos and traffic in this evil, there ought to be. Have the Christian Missions no responsibility in that unfinished task? Are we impotent against this ancient and monstrous wrong?

Nor is the missionary educational task finished. The Church as such had done almost nothing for Christian education. Individuals of the Church had done a little here and there. The Shingakusha, as a theological school under a self-perpetuating Board of Trustees, unconnected with and uncontrolled by the Church, though recognized by the Church, is supported by funds secured from church members.

While this situation is not true, of course, of all denominations, the fact remains, that the Missions are, by and large, still responsible for Christian education in Japan, and their educational task is unfinished. Doubtless all would agree with the "findings" of the Presbyterian conferences: "The Church should be urged to assume fuller responsibility in the sphere of theological education. . . . .. We are convinced of the wisdom of the movement on the part of the Church to take a direct interest in the work of education. . . . .. And there is need as WJelI for extensive strengthening of our school staffs by the addition of specially trained, thoroughly qualified (missionary) teachers for theological education, college work and secondary grade work both in Meiji Gakuin and in the several girls' schools …… "

He would be a rash person and of unbalanced judgment who would call the missionary educational task finished. Missionary reinforcements seem to be still needed all along the line.

II. A second truth is that the Japanese Church is inadequate in numbers, fiancial resources and possibly experience to overtake this huge unfinished task. In appraising the ability of the Japanese Christian communities to carryon the work of self-propagation, Dr. Wainwright tells the truth as to financial resources when he sums it up thus: "It is quite obvious, therefore, that the total contribution is not sufficient to provide for advance evangelistic work. The amount is needed almost

1927J THE UNFINISHED TASK IN JAPAN

entirely for the maintenance of the self-supporting and partly self-supporting churches. "

One ,Japanese brother has publicly asserted that, if the financial resources, including all the properties, even including missionary residences, were turned over to the Church and its leaders, the hitherto missionary work could be efficiently administered, and the missionaries, except a few specialists, could go. It can safely be asserted that even though certain sums might be committed to the Church and her leaders without any missionary connection or supervision, if the missionaries are retired, a very large part of the present available financial resources would become unavailable. They would not be given in the home lands.

Somewhat baffied about cooperative relations, I whiled away some of th.e time last spring in a hospital trying to write out a Plan of Cooperation, which in my temerity I thought might work. In my Plan, the so-called dendo kyokwa.i (Mission-aided churches) were turned over with Weir subsidies to the entire administration and control of the Japanese Church. The plan was submitted to members of our Mission. One experienced brother called to my attention the amount of time and effort-in bookkeeping, letter-writing, reporting, consulting, administration, preaching, itineration-that. such a Plan would throw on the already busy and overloaded city pastors. Could they, without detriment to their present tasks and duties, do their own pastoral, preaching, social-welfare, administrative and ecclesiastical work, and together with them also do all the present missionary tasks and undertake the much-needed advance? Think of all the missionary work-educational, evangelistic, social, publication, newspaper and rural evangelism work! Does not the question answer itselH Does not commonsense proclaim it as truth that it cannot be done without a very large diminution of the total amount ()f work accomplished 1 It is not a question of withholding from indigenous le~dership its rightful place. If any one.Mission is hesitating about turning over all proper, and rightful, and advisable place and position to indigenous leadership, She'h are very scarce in Japan. The day of socalled missionary domination and lordship and bossism, as some likle to call it, passed away in Japan long ago. By all means, give all possible and wise place and position to the Japanese.

The question is this: At this stage can the present tasks and the furward move be undertaken· and carried out successfully without the missionary? The Presbyterian Mission is now on record to the contrary, in the following words; "As a result of the Conference on Evangelistic Problems, one question was d3finitely answered in our minds: namely, that there is still a place, and a large place, for the eV!lngelistic missionary in Japan, and will be for many years to come."

In a Joint Conference with the Standing Committee of the Church of Christ in Japan and a few other chosen persons, the unanimous finding was as follows: "In view of the great unoccupied areas both in city and country, especially the absolutely unevangelized condition of many millions in the smaller towns and teeming countryside in every part of Japan, we state our fervent desire for the fullest reinforcements of the right spirit and qualifications for direct evangelism that the American Church can contribute.

"The foreign missionary era in Japan is not yet drawing to a close, and any misconceptions in that regard should be dissipated; and the sympathy, the prayers and the active participation of American Christians encouraged to the fullest possible extent."

A slightly different tang is given to it in the words of another: , 'It seems to be beyond question, indeed to be a cardinal truth of the situation, that the indigenous work advances wherever there is a prompt and efficient recruiting of missionaries by the Mission Boards. _…. Neither the one element nor the other can be discounted without detriment to the progress of the work."

III. The next point turned out to be a surprise to me. I had thought the number of missionaries in all the larger Missions was decreasing, and that the new Missions being opened and the increase in the smaller Missions caused an increase in the total number. The "Christian Movement" gives the total number of Protestant missionaries at the end of December, 1920 as 1,267, and the total number at the end of December, 1925 as 1,250, a net loss of only seventeen. A postal to a number of the leading Missions reveals the following: 1. American Board 1920 1926 Policy 2. U. C. of Canada 67 68 79 87 No recruits for evang. work.

3. Northern Baptist …. 68 54 To occupy our territory, an increase 4. Methodist Protest…. 10 of 4 families and 7 single women. 9 5. Southern Methodist .. 60 70 Maintain the present force. 44 6. Northern Methodist .. 34 Minimum missionary force and maxi- (Women's Board 17 mum Japanese force. not included.) 44 Strengthen the force as far as Board 7. Christian Church …. 32 64 finance permits. 50 8. C. M. S………..•. 53 In consultation with Japan Methodist 24 Church, increase by 20 families, if 9. Northern Presb. 85 finances permit.

10. Southern Presb. 50 Not stated.

11. Southern Baptist …. 20 Board bas not stated policy, but de- mands of Africa make increase un- likely.

Policy stated above.

At least maintain present number a~d increase if Board finances per~ mlt.

Send missionaries when they apply and there is money to send them.

192f] THE UNFINISHED T'ASK IN JAPAN

1920 1926 Policy 12. Lutheran ….•…… 30 42 Increase force when able to do so, especially increase for new girls' 13. Reformed (Dutch) " 36 school. 14. Reformed (German) . 45 39 Board; replacements only. Mission j Maximum, 47 and minimum, 40.

48 Members kept as at present until equipment is improved.

This sums up as follows: Two Mission~ have practically the same number as in 1920. Four have lost in numbers, and eight have increased in numbers. One Mission and Board have a present policy of no recruits in evangelistic work, although that Mission is re- studying the matter. Their Japanese Church has opposed such a speedy devolution as was proposed. Another Mission and Board is forced by its African policy and finances not to increase. One smaller Mission stands for a minimum of missionaries. Four Missions are for their present number. All the rest responding, eight in number, with their Boards, will increase, if funds permit and recruits are available. Tlie Missions evidently, as a whole, believe in reinforce- ments.

The attitude of the Japanese churches and leaders is more difficult to gauge. There is of cours"e the usual vociferous minority, and if their noisiness is allowed to decide the issue, all missionaries would soon be leaving Japan. Judging from the attitude of the Methodist, Church of Christ, Congregational and a few other churches, and from statements from prominent Japanese Christian leaders, the consensus of opinion does not seem to favor a decrease.

Bishop Uzaki has put himself on record on this subject, in the following words: , ,We hear it said nowadays that missionaries are no longer needed in Japan .. " .. In time, of course, missionaries will not be needed. It is still premature to make such a change. . . . .. The special work, for which missionaries is needed today, is, first …… pioneer work in the country ….. . literary and social experts. But above all we need the help of young, consecrated, talented young people for the whole campaign."

Without further quotation, the Japanese attitude seems to me to be something like this: It is desired that the present number of missionaries of the right quality and spirit be maintained, provided they have the right attitude toward the churches.

IV. Still another thing is the fact that never before could the missionary be so useful as now. The open doors, the points of contact, the responses in all grades of society are astonishing. That is what sane leaderships wants, open doors and missionaries entering them.

If anyone wishes to go deeply into this question, let him read the nearly 100 pages of the 1926 edition of the" Christian Movement" taken up with" The Place of the Missionary in the Future," and the

April issue of the Japan Christian Quarterly. The latter was concerned with the subject, "The Missionary at Work in Town, Country and Institutions." Not a few Japanese writers in both of these editions point out these doors of opportunity.

Present-day missionary experience from every source agrees in this matter. My wife and I wish to testify that in all our thirty years on the mission field we were never so overwhelmed with possible openings. On a recent trip with a moving-picture outfit through Wakasa no Kuni, Japanese fellow-workers and I had a welcome and experiences unthought of fifteen or twenty years ago. A non-Christian mayor welcomed us at one place at a meeting in a public hall and a school principal presided. Police officials and merchants gave us not ill-tempered, grudging consent, but every convenience and encouragement. And, tell it not in Gath, publish it not in Ashkelon, officials even blinked some of the red-tape of the regulations.

Voice after voice has come to us missionaries all over the Empire of invitation and welcome-to the homes, to the factories, even to the schools and into every avenue of this teeming life. Government officials in public addresses before Christian gatherings have requested Christian missionary assistance. It is the day of opportunity for missionaries in Japan, in spite of all the impolite and possibly mistaken immigration laws in existence. Dr. C. Noss sends this inspiring message, "We all know that the evangelistic field is dead ripe."

V. What seems to be also a vital fact about reinforcements, is in the words of the findings above: "We state our fervent desire for the fullest reinforcements of the right spirit and qualifications ….. " Right spirit and qualifications!

Bishop Uzaki has very frankly told us what the Japanese desire in the way of qualifications: "1. A man of personality, solid, dignified ,and trustworthy; not nervous or easily upset. , "2. A man zealous i:q evangelization; single in aim. 'l "3. A man who thorpugh~y understands .Itapanese psychology.

The Japanese are sensitive, intelligent and appreciate courtesy.

"4. A friendly and -affable personality, who is willing to laugh and chat and does not always 'want to stand on his dignity.

"5. Broadmindedness is absolutely essential. A Great Heart will easily win the hearts ofthe people."

That is finely put, and does not go to the extreme of twenty years ago, when there was so much talk of "picked men," and which brought the rejoinder, "Why not ask for the Archbishop of Canter- i bury and York at once, and for the Apostles Peter and Paul"'"

'Doubtless for our educational tasks that is what will be more and more required, "Picked men and women of superior ability." No educational missionary, if it'is possible, should allow himself to slump before his Japanese colleagues in his intellectual equipment, even if

THE UNFINISHED TASK IN JAPAN

it requires "sweating mental blood," as one brother put it about his study to find out whether Buddhism was adequate in comparison with Christianity. And in the social welfare tasks, undoubtedly experts, up-ta-date experts, are required.

Nevertheless, in the evangelistic task, I think it is the truth to say that men and women of fair average ability and good education, if they have the character of the quotation above, are the best qualified for the task. It would be unwise, though, to minimize the qualifications needed. Pastor Tada reminded us in the conferences this summer that the rural evangelization task required qualities of the highest order. Even an Archbishop of Canterbury or York or an apostle Peter and Paul could be useful, if they had the right spirit.

But the right spirit ~ From our own missionary standpoint, we shall have to add something to that of our Japanese brother quoted above.

All of us will feel the need of a spirit of self-effacement, a proper spirit of cooperation and a spirit of deference to Japanese leadership. 'Vaverers and doubters and men of uncertain mind had better not apply. If anyone longs for the flesh-pots of London or New York City, he had better stay with them, or if here go to them. If any is afraid of the hardships and remembers the comforts of home, if any such wants to stoop down and drink at ease, we will regretfully have to say, "Wrong spirit." If anyone is timid about the task, afraid of the opposition, such a one had better turn back. Better the Gideon Band, sure of the call, certain as to the task, unafraid of the enemy, pantingly eager for the forward move, unwilling to do more than snatch a necessary handful of refreshment in the rush ahead! Every such an one, knowing what he believes, rejoicing in what the whole Gospel of Jesus Christ is and does, saying, "Not by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit "-the spirit of such an one is right, and such missionaries are needed. And the number does not matter. Each group will have to determine that by facing its responsibility for the unfinished task and the forward move. It ought to be possible to give Japanese leadership its rightful place and at the same time respectfully, dignifiedly, but firmly claim the liberty wherewith Christ makes us free. "Where the spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty." Never in His spirit a spirit of bondage.

Basing our appeal on the new ascertained facts, fully realizing that the missionary task is unfinished, honestly believing that our Japanese brothers and sisters cannot do the task alone, feeling therefore our responsibility, wide awake to present opportunity and assuring those who may come an unhampered field of service, let us somehow issue an appeal to the heroic in European and American Christian young manhood and womanhood. I have the faith to believe that there still remains a goodly fellowship of those who will respond.

2.

A PRAYER-MEETING IN ZAKO SAN'S

Tbe Christian invalid who is the soul or a wide Chrislian work is on her bed at tbe right center of the picture. At t he Jett center by the post is a convE'ftf'd Buddhist nun . The book in each one's band is the "Samhika," t he ,Japanese Chri stian h ymn a l.

What Japanese Christians Are Doing in Kobe BY SUSAN A. SEARLE, KOBE, JAPAN AMONG our Christmas decorations we sometimes see holly branches with red berries which on close inspection we find to be tied on, making a fair show, bnt they are not the real holly berries.

It has sometimes been intimated that Japanese Christians are not really bearing fruit, that there is something of sham about their professions. There are doubtless hypocrites in Japan, as in other countries, but we challenge any other city, which has had the gospel but little more than half a century, to produce a better record than Kobe in the line of applied Christianity.

Kobe is a city of more than six hundred thousand inhabitants, with about thirty Christian churches, several of which are independent of foreign support. They have their own Japanese pastors and carrying on the usual forms of Christian work.

658

1927J WiEIAT JAPANESE CHRISTIANS ARE DOING IN KOBE

Let me take you on a personally conducted tour around the city, to see some of the fruits of the half-century of Christian seedsowing. First we will call on Zako San, a bedridden cripple for thirty years or more, yet with an unusually sunny face. She cannot sit up or even turn over in bed, yet she supervises the little store in her room where the school girls buy all sorts of things needed for their daily work, from a lead pencil to a lunch. Her caller just now is a pastor who has come to talk over his work with her, or to plan for an evangelistic meeting to be held in her room. She has been writ- ing a letter with her poor twisted fingers to one of her many shut- in correspondents in different parts of the country. She is said to have led more people to Christ than anyone else in Kobe. A few months ago every servant on the large compound of the college where she lives had become a bap- tized Christian, most of them through her influence.

There are several benevolent im,titutions. in Kobe, founded and financed by Japanese Christians, most of whose fathers and mothers knew nothing of the new religion.

These testify to the deep root which the teachings of Christ have already taken in the hearts and lives of our Japanese friends.

The W. C. T. U. is forty years old, it is well organized and is do- MRS. NOBU JO ing efficient service in many parts The Christi'W-elr.~~ll~;so~fat~~be Women's of the land. This organization has long carried on in Kobe a hostel for young women, mainly teachers and office workers, who have no homes in the city. Miss Tsune Wata- nabe, prominent in temperance and missionary work, is the manager and house mother.

Not far away is a Christian orphanage, where Mr. Yano has for more than twenty years cared for homeless waifs, so commend- ing his work to the city authorities that they make him substantial annual grants.

The "Home for Aged People" was started on a small scale by an earnest Methodist woman. The grandfathers and grand- mothers in Japan are usually loyally cared for by their children, and perhaps that makes still more pitiful the case of the few who are left without a responsible family. After the death of the founder, this institution was taken in hand by Mrs. J o-a name to conjure

with in Kobe. She put the home on its feet financially, but soon came to feel that her own work should be with young people, and left it in other hands. Her heart weut out to the YOll1Jg girls who, having been dazzled by the attractions of a great city, soon find themselves disillusioned, homeless, and forlorn, drifting, and in danger of being irreparably lost. It was not .difficult to find them.

Before long she had a half dozen such girls whom she was mother- ing in a tiny house. She made friends with the police, who were glad to bring stray girls to her. Oue young woman had slept two nights in a cemetery for want of better accommodation. Others were in a pitiful condition. Some of these girls she was able to restore to their homes, and for otbers she found work. None of them failed to feel the influence of her radiant Christ-filled personality.

Having outgrown her little house, she decided to move to a new building on the edge of the city. Her work has continued to grow until 8'he has found it nec- essary to move a second time. In her new plant, besides the rooms for girls, there are several rooms where poor mothers with little chil- dren may make a temporary home.

They may leave the little ones during the day when they must be at work, in her pleasant crechc with playground attached. The ATTRACTIVE HOME OF THE KOBE chapel where daily meetings arc WOMEN'S WELFARE ASSOC1ATION held is the center of religious life for ithe neighborhood. Two little prayer rooms attached to it provide for quiet meditation and prayer.

There are frequent baptisms and special evangelistic services. If an outside preacher is not available, Mrs. Jo is quite capable of filling the pulpit, and she is in frequent demand for evangelistic work in other places as well as in Kobe. At one time in the early stages of her work a wealthy Japanese offered her 10,000 yen if she would leave the name Christian out of her prospectus. She declined the offer without hesitation, and, in telling of it not long ago she said, "The Lord has given me more than twice that amount." Some time ago she became concerned about the freqnent suicides at a certain railroad crossing by the sea just outside the city. She put up a sign- post at tbe spot, inviting would-be suicides to come to her. Hundreds of men and women have been saved from death through this sign.

WiHAT JAPANESE CHRIS'fIANS ARE DOING IN KOBE

After the recent earthquake in Tango, an English newspaper published in Kobe opened a subscription list for the sufferers. The 2,500 yen collected in that way was entrusted to Mrs. J 0 for use especially in helping the children. She spent several weeks on the spot administering this sum, not simply in temporary relief, but also in laying foundations for permanent Christian work. Our students will not soon forget the morning she told of this work in our college chapel, or the pathetic sight of six little boys, orphaned and destitute, whom sbe had clothed and fed and had brought to Kobe to thank their benefactors.

There are one or two missionaries on Mrs. J o's board of advisors, but, as in the other institutions of which we write, a very small part of the financial support comes from any but Japanese sources.

KOBE WOMEN'S WELFARE ASSOOIATION-NEW BUILDING-BACK VIEW Not far from the plant of this" Women's -Welfare Association" is the Christian home and school for the blind. Some time ago a young lawyer was stricken with blindness. Bitterly angry at whatever baneful power had smitten him and blasted his hopes at the very beginning of his career, he made life miserable for himself and his wife. After a time she became interested in attending classes in the school for training Bible women. One day her husband was persuaded to go with her. The Gospel of Christ appealed to him and he became an earnest Christian. Desiring to help other people suffering from the same affliction, he and his wife took one or two blind boys into their home. Their work grew gradually but steadily. After the founder's death a young blind man with a good education and from a well-to-do family was found who was ready to give his Life to the work. His famiiy had no further use for him, though they would have been glad to keep him in comfort but for this crazy altruistic notion. He and his devoted wife, who is not blind, put themselves into the venture with no promise of even a living salary.

MR. MURAl1ATSU'S OHR~S'J:'IAN HOME FOil EX-PllTSONER,s They too have prospered, and the city government has now taken over the responsibility for the school, though our friend is still the religious director of the enterprise. One look at his face would convince you that he is keeping it thoroughly Christian.

Mr. Muramatsu is another outstanding Christian worker. A runaway boy, an expert pickpocket before he reached adult years, imprisoned again and again for theft, he was truly an unpromising youth. One day in prison he picked up a copy of the New Testament which had been thrown aside by a fellow prisoner. He began at the beginning to read it. Even the list of hard names in the first chapter did not discourage him. The first thing that impressed him was the idea of God as our Father. He had never heard of such a God. By and by he read something about Jesus coming to save sinners. He realized that he was a sinner and needed salvation. Soon he found that he might pray to this God, and he decided to test the matter. He prayed that God would send some one to teach, him. A day or two later he heard the warden say to a prisoner just brought in: "What are you here fod I thought you were studying this Jesus religion. That ought to keep you out of prison."

The man was put into the same cell with Muramatsu, and, recognizing the answer to his prayer, he plied the fellow with questions as long as he stayed. Muramatsu improved so much in his conduct that his sentence was commuted. His former comrades were waiting ~or him at the entrance of the prison, and urged him to go back to his old life. He refused, telling them he had found something better, aud at last they left him. Then he set out to find honest work. He walked the streets for days, but no one wanted to employ a jailbird. At last with his money almost gone, absolutely discouraged,

WHAT JAPANESE CH.RIS 'l'IANS ARE DOING IN KOBE

he bought a ticket for Osaka, determined to go back to his former companions. He missed his train, and, going out on the streets to wait till time for the next train, passed a Christian church, and, attracted by the singing, went in. He could not make much of the sermon, but the pastor's prayer,-the first he had ever heard,- touched him, and he remained after the service to speak to the pastor. It is too long a story to tell how he was led into the work in which he has been engaged for years, of caring for released prisoners. No man in the community is more respected than he. A few years ago, on an occasion of great national rejoicing, he was presented with a certificate from the highest authorities, announcing that everything the government had against him was absolutely wiped out. (Isaiah 44: 22).

He was among the company of thirty-two men and women, twenty-two of them Christians, recently summoned to Tokyo to be honored for having been engaged for thirty years in philanthropic work. They were feted and entertained by the highest government authorities.· At the close of the three days of festivity, Mr. Muramatsu was asked what had impressed him most in the whole affair. He replied: "The thing that has impressed me most is that 1 am h e r e ."

MR. MURAMATSU AND SOME MEMBERS· OF HIS FAMILY OF EX·PRISONERS

Battle for Purity in

BY REV. E. C. HENNIGAR, :MATSUYA, MATSUMOTO, JAPAN Missionary of the United Church of Canada, 1905- ADEGRADED womanhood is a danger and a shame to any nation. It is most repugnant to everyone with sympathy or with high moral standards even to think of women shut behind bars and forced to live a life worse than slavery; to reali'ze that they are subject to all kinds of cruelty at the hands of their keepers and are forced to give themselves for hire to any man who may present himself-and even to as many as a score in one night. What can be said of a government that takes a revenue from such a profession? The system is opposed to the fundamental laws of Japan which forbid all forms of slavery. The initial commercial transactio:a between the brothel-keeper and the relatives of the girl is looked upon, not as an act of buying and selling though the money passed sometimes ranges up to $1,000, but it is regarded as an i, ordinary loan, " which the girl undertakes to repay, with interest at 12% out of her earnings. That, however, is the merest subterfuge.

Prostitution in J apan-quite in common with many other countries-has its roots in the dim and distant past and, as in most Oriental countries at least, was connected with the religion of those early times. A Japanese writer, Taro Nakayama, in a recent article quotes the Hanyo Meiseki History to the effect that the first prostitutes came to earth with one of the gods, and that in certain of the very earliest shrines there was a class of "serving maids," with all that that means.

The present system of licensed prostitution dates back some 400 years to the time of Hideyoshi, when that General, in an attempt to control disease, ordered the segregation and a regular examination of all known to be prostitutes. This system soon became universal in Japan and today segregated quarters are found in 552 places, in every prefecture in the Empire with one notable exception. The number of licensed houses in these quarters numbers 11,765 and the number of women 52,512. The number of visitors registered last year totals 22,130,512. (These figures from the current number of the Purity Monthly.) To combat this commercialized vice a "Purity Society" was formed some seventeen years ago under the leadership of the late Hon. Shimada Saburo, one of the leading Christian members of the Imperial Diet. The present head of this society is Prof. 1. Abe of Waseda University, and the recently elected president of the newly formed Proletariat Party.

This "Purity Society" (Kakusei kwai) along with the Woman's 664 Christian Temperance Union of Japan has unceasingly carried on an educational campaign looking to the abolition of this nefarious system. When the earthquake destroyed Tokyo and Yokohama (Sept. 1,1923) a strong revulsion of feeling followed the tragic death of several hundred of these imprisoned girls who, being refused even the right to save their lives, were burned to death. The W. C. T. U. headed a movement asking the Government to refuse permission to rebuild the famous Yoshiwara quarters in Tokyo. Despite a strenuous agitation these quarters were among the first places rebuilt and on a grander scale than before.

The forces of purity, headed by the two societies mentioned, have kept up the agitation, seeking through the press, by means of literature and public meetings, to create a national conscience on the subject. Abolition Day has been observed annually in Tokyo and also in the provinces, when workers have established themselves on the street corners· to secure the signatures of passers-by to petitions to the Government. At first public opinion was lacking or was even opposed to this movement, on the ground that what has always been must be and that in the state of Japanese soci:ety today some such system was necessary. But the work of these three years has served almost beyond the dreams of those engaged in it to arouse and register public opinion as, perhaps, it has never been registered on any moral question heretofore.

Two years ago one of the Christian members introduced a bill in the Imperial Diet to forbid the establishment of any new houses of prostitution and the licensing of any new inmates. Without new recruits the system would die a natural death in five or six years, for the life of these girls is short. This bill was defeated, but the fact that fifty-three members, out of the 200 present in the Diet when the vote was taken, were willing to vote for abolition was regarded as a moral victory. It was estimated that about 100 members of the House were favorable. It was significant to see the women of this Oriental nation crowd the galleries and even go into the lobbies to canvass among the members.

Legislation has also been sought in several of the prefectures. In Gumma prefecture, the licensed quarters were done away with thirty-two years ago. This was one of the prefectures where, half a century ago, Christianity had large success. It is the birthplace of Dr. Joseph Hardy Neesima. Some forty-five years ago a group of Christians conceived the idea of ridding their province of this disgraceful traffic. A regular warfare was carried on for over twelve years in the Prefectural Assembly and at the polls, and involved both the recall of one governor, the dissolution of· the Assembly by another, and the reelection of practically, the same members by a thoroughly aroused electorate. After all this, abolition finally became a law, and despite numerous efforts has never been repealed.

In another prefecture an agitation has been going on for four years. The work has centered round the presentation of a petition to the authorities to abolish licensed quarters in the prefecture. The number of signatures has grown in a most gratifying manner from about 1,500 the first year to 22,133 last autumn. Over 1,000 per- sons took part in the province-wide canvass. A wide use was made of the local press, a number of public meetings were held and every effort was made to educate the public on the matter. In four other prefectures a campaign has been put on and in each case a petition of several thousand names was presented to the governor. In each case except one, the missionaries have originated this movement, but Japanese have done all the public work and will soon take direction as well.

The brothel-keepers themselves are admitting that it is only a matter of time when their business will be abolished. Some are getting out from under before the fall comes. They have also formed a national association for mutual protection, and this association is said recently to have acquired a newspaper organ.

These things are indicative of the trend of the times. The vested interests watch the Government closely and block reform wherever possible. Last year the matter of Japan's ratification of the League of Nations treaty concerning the "Traffic in Women and Children" was up a second time for decision. The Government decided to ratify with a reservation on the question of "age of consent," changing it from twenty-one to eighteen for Japan and her dependencies. The Privy Council having regard for the good name of Japan in the world opposed the Government in this, but the authorities chose to have Japan take her stand on this great moral question outside the ranks of the great nations of the world for the lower age.

The newspapers of Japan are, for the most part, favoring abolition. Especially have the two large dailies in Osaka, each with a circulation well over half a million, taken high ground. A recent editorial from the Osaka Asahi urges abolition first from the standpoint of humanity" to emancipate from their slavish conditions the 52,000 women in this depraved profession," and secondly because of the "bad effect on the honor of Japan" and the "bad influence on the moral sentiment of the nation in general." The editor says: "The authorities being of the opinion that immediate abolition is impracticable have mapped out a plan for the steady improvement of the system looking to total abolition in the future. This is merely a makeshift and contains a fundamental error, because the maintenance of the system becomes the premise to its improvement. This amounts to official permi56ion of the shameful contradiction in the system itself and that under the patronage of the state. . . . Rather transactions in. chastity must be rigorously prevented under any circumstances whatever."

THE BATTLE FOR PURITY IN JAPAN

This is where the matter stands today. Impelled by a growing demand on the part of the public at home and at the same time not unconscious of the eyes of the world abroad, the authorities have set out on a course of reform for the system. In May last year the Home Ministry convened the officers in charge of the Police Departments of the prefectures to discuss this question. As a result of that conference orders have gone out from the Central Government that the conditions of the women must be improved. The details of improvement were left to the prefectural authorities. To date seventeen prefectures have promulgated ordinances giving more freedom to the women and putting hitherto-unheard-of restrictions on the keepers of the houses. A recent newspaper carried the following paragraph (the explanations in parentheses are by the-present writer): "The cry for improvement in the licensed system has taken effect in that in certain prefectures (giving names) the following new ordinances have been enacted: 1. Restricting the contract term to five years. (In some prefectures it is proposed to free all girls after a service of four years.) 2. Mak1n~ it easier for a girl to cease her occupation at will. (According to the old law, even, all that was necessary was for the girl to appear at the P{)lice Office and state that she desired to go free. But as a matter of fact, on one pretense or another, she was generally handed back to her owner. Now the case is quite reversed.) 3. Ordering regular police inspection of the accounts between the keeper and his girls. (As the keeper always kept the accounts and also supplied the girl with clothing, etc., which was charged up against her, it has been found in practice that the girl never did reach the end of her indebtedness, but at the end of her term of years was deeper in debt than at the beginning.) 4. Allowing the girls to go outside the quarters, with the proviso that if, from the keeper's standpoint an escort is necessary, he is to pay the expense involved.

The Government started with the idea of improving the system and making it more humane, but since abolition is being s() widely demanded there is likelihood that it may be granted in the not far distant future. Some keepers are even now freeing their girls and the number of girls asking their freedom has very largely increased, so that the Home Ministry has directed the police to form plans. for assisting them to become independent members of society and so avoid a serious social problem. "-(This from a Tokyo daily newspaper.) Another indication that the Government is feeling the weight of public opinion at home and abroad is found in the facf that Japanese prostitutes on the mainland of Asia are being ordered home. A few years ago it was a standing reproach to Japan that thousands of Japanese women were plying their evil trade in every port from Siberia to Singapore, and even in the interior. However of late the Government has been recalling these women until now it is said there is not one Japanese prostitute to be found in the Maritime Province of Siberia nor in the port of Singapore.

Certain it is that the attitude of the authorities has undergone a

right-about-turn in the last few years. Three of the Christian members of the Diet are planning to introduce a bill looking toward abolition in the impending session. A nation-wide petition to the authorities is now in course of preparation.

Every month sees progress in the formation of a national conscience on the question. Nor can we stop with the abolition of the licensed system. The equally immoral and possibly more dangerous 72,000 dancing girls (geisha) and the private prostitutes must go, t.ogether with the age-long Oriental system of concubinage.

The Christian Church in Japan is stilI numerically weak, yet she exerts an influence in all the reform movements out of all proportion to her size. Nine out of ten of the leaders in this abolition campaign are active members of the Church of Christ. Other faiths furnish no leadership Or inspiration for this task. May God grant to His Church courage and strength and patience to pursue this work until this stain of commercialized vice is cleansed from the fair name of this beautiful land.

FOR ALL THY MISSIONARY SAINTS For all Thy saints who labor on, we pray- Thy patient, toiling saints, who still are here, Climbing and faltering up life's rugged way. Forget them not, 0 Lord, to them be near.

For all Thy saints in far-flung lines, who still Gallantly raise Thy standard 'gainst the foe, We plead-O! show them perfectly Thy will, Give them the succors of Thy hand to know.

Help them, with lifted heads, to stem the tide Of hostile forces menacing their lives; Aid each true saint, on fields of battle wide, As with the ranks of sin he sternly strives.

These are Thy saints, 0 God-as truly Thine As those that rest before the great White Throne.

. May they, at last, in that same radiance shine; May they, like them, be numbered as Thine own.

:May they, when life's long fight is fully o'er, Join in that hallelujah chorus grand Among the victors gathered on Heaven's shore, Who, crowned and robed in white, triumphant stand!

-ELIZABETH STRANG BAIRD, From The Missionary Survey.

Creed Do Missionaries Need?

BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT Author of "Christianity the Final Religion"

W HEN our Lord commended the apostle Peter because of his confession, He gave him a two-fold promise. In accordance with his fundamental faith he received the promise of the rock foundation of the Church; in accordance with his God-given insight he received the promise of the keys to open the Kingdom of God to others. To this apostle was revealed what others failed to seethe mystery of the divine personality of Jesus and of His mission. His faith in the deity of Christ, "The Rock," on which His Church is built, has been the subject of much discussion, but the metaphor of faith in Christ as the key to the mysteries of th~ Kingdom of God is often passed by.

The keys of the House of David were first promised by the prophet Isaiah to Eliakim, the son of Hilkiah. In the New Testament they are transferred to the Son of David. He opens and no man shuts. He shuts and no man opens.

The passage in the gospels regarding the keys has perplexed many ecclesiastical interpreters. Dean Alford ,states: that both promises are in the first instance personal to Peter and then apply to all who have the same faith in Christ. The promise was directly fulfilled to the apostle Peter when he was commissioned to open the door of the Church to Jews at Pentecost and to the Gentiles at the house of Cornelius in· Cresarea.

A key is a very familiar object, but worthy of careful consideration. Locks and keys go back to the oldest civilization of Babylon and Egypt. They were found in the tomb of Tut-Ankh-Amen.. But every key ever used has three characteristics. It has a definite shape, a peculiar shape fitted to open a particular lock, and it is of no use whatever unless it will open the lock.

All this applies to the creed expressed by the Apostle Peter. This is the mother of all creeds and the basis of all confessions. The Christian message to the non-Christian world, surely must express this simple confession of the Apostle-" Thou art the Christ, the Son of the Living God." Here is intellectual conviction, emotional frankness, and a determination of the will to believe.

Keys are not made of soft wax or lead, but of bronze and steel metals that hold their shape. Doubt is vague and hazy. Faith is definite, clear, determined. The Christian creed is an attempt to express with the greatest precision and permanence the conviction of a belief based on satisfactory evidence. While men may deny the statements of the great creeds of Christendom, no one can mis- 669

take their meaning. As Dr. Shedd says in a brilliant passage in the preface to his "History of Doctrine": "It is a common rema,rk that a poweriul statement is a powerful argument. '1'his is true of the dogmas of Christianity. But there is no statement of revealed truth more clear, connected, and convincing than that which it obtains in the gradual and sequacious constructiolL~ of the Church, from century to century. Let anyone trace the course of thinking by the theo- logical mind, upon the doctrine of the Trinity, e. g., and perceive how lin!; follow~ link by necessary consequence; how the objections of the heretic or the latitudinarian only elicit a more exhaustive, and at the same time more guarded, statement, which carries the Church still nearer to the substance of revelation, and the heart of mystery; how, in short, the trinitarian dogma, like the Christian life itself as described by the apostle 'being fitly joined together, and compacted by that which every joint supplieth, maketh increase unto the edifying of itself' into a grand architectural structure-let this process from beginning to end pass before a thinking and logical mind, and it will be difficult for it to resist the conviction that here is science, here is • self-consistent and absolute truth."

On the other hand, when we compare this Christian faith with non-Christian creeds, we find that it has peculiarities, mysterious angles and irregular indentations which may at first appear trivial distinctions but which, in reality, have their reason and make it possible for the key to open the particular lock for which it was designed. The pattern of the key may not seem to us symmetrical or even artistic or normal, but there is a reason for it. The corners and points must not be tampered with or the key will be spoiled. A file is a useful instrument, but may make useless the key of a Yale lock.

Some would use their theological or philosophical files to change the shape of the apostle Peter's confession so as to make him say that Christ was the great Nazarene, the Wonder Worker of Galilee, the greatest character of the ages, or a Son of the Living God. That key will not fit; his words were "Thou art the Christ, the Son of the Living God. " In this connection the threefold article has the significance of "Only."

Thomas Carlyle, in one of his books, asserts with keen insight, that Christianity nearly suffered shipwreck on a Greek vowel. Athanasius insisted on the omission of one letter which expressed faith in the absolute deity of Jesus Christ and the eternal relationship between the Son and the Father. Divinity and deity are separated by a great chasm, and those who cannot see it have tampered with the Key. So also the resurrection of the body is one thing; the immortality of the soul is quite another. The one is the highest hope of the pagan; the other is the faith of the Christian. The Virgin Birth is one thing; any other explanation of the mystery of the Incarnation is something altogether different.

"In apostolic days, " said the Bishop of Liverpool at the BritiSh Student Volunteer Conference in 1908, "men advocated a Gospel without the Cross. But St. Paul w()uld have none of it. In the fourth century Arius taught a

WHAT CREED DO MISSIONARIES NEEDf

Christianity without a perfectly divine Saviour, and the Church would not have it. In the fifteenth century the Renaissance, intoxicated by the discovery of Greek and Roman literature, despised the' jargon of St. Panl' and wonld have paganized Christianity, but the Reformation brought Northern Europe back to the Scriptures and to the Christ. Today men are proclaiming a Gospel without the supernatural. They are asking us to be content with a perfect human Christ; with a Bethlehem where no miracle was wrought; with a Calvary which saw sublime self-sacrifice, bnt no atonement for sin; with a sepulchre from which no angel '8 hand rolled away the stone. But we must have none of it. We will hold fast, we will transmit the faith once for all delivered to the saints. We will hand down to our children, we will proclaim to all the tribes of the earth, Christ Incarnate, Atoning, Risen, Ascended, our Intercessor at God's right hand, waiting to come again to judge the quick and the dead." Such testimony is needed today.

After all the only Christian creed that is worth proclaiming and worth dying for contains those doctrines that are peculiar to Christianity. Every statement in the brief confession of Peter was peculiar, unique and essential. Jesus of Nazareth was the Messiah promised in the Old Testament and the Son of the Living God. This was a confession not only of the deity of Christ, but of His incarnation and of His work of redemption. Saul of Tarsus persecuted men and women and dragged them to the death for saying what Peter said. Great is the mystery of the Key! But it opens the lock! Peter's confession not only proved his knowledge of Christ, but showed that he had the key to open the door of the Kingdom of Heaven.

But Christ did not say I give thee the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven, but the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven. The key of faith in the deity of Christ opens all locks and all mysteries. It is a master key. If we believe in Him, then belief in all else that He reveals is easy. As Browning puts it in one of his poems, "The acknowledgment of God in Christ, Accepted by thy reason, solves for thee, All questions in the earth and out of it." If Christ Jesus is the Son of the Living God, all that God can do and did do Jesus can and will! "Lo I am with you alway."

Faith in the deity of Jesus is the key to the mystery of pain and suffering. Our age is supersensitive to pain, but callous to sin. How great is the contrast ih the life of Jesus! His patient agony in the garden and on the cross throws light on suffering. His wrath against sin is clearest of all in John's Gospel and the Book of the Revelation. The Cross stands against the lurid sky of history in the shape of a great key-the key of holiness and love and compassion-the key of justice and mercy-a key stained with blood, but the Key of Life!

Best of all, it is faith in the deity of Christ that opens the door of death, and through it the door of Heaven, a gateway of martyrdom, as in the case of Peter himself and so many missionaries.

How freely Peter used the keys! They opened for him the door of repentance-" Thou knowest that I love thee." They opened

for him the door of healing at the beautiful gate of the Temple-"In the Name of Jesus arise and walk!" They opened for him prison doors in Jerusalem and gave him liberty. They opened the very door of death when, in the name of Christ, he bade Dorcas arise from her bed. They opened the door of faith to the Gentiles when Cornelius the Centurion was baptized by him. In his old age we can still see Peter's hand of faith firmly holding the keys:- "I know that the putting off of my tabernacle cometh swiftly even as our Lord Jesus Christ signified unto me. Yet I will give diligence that after my decease ye may call these things to remembrance.

For we did not follow cunningly devised fables when we made known unto you the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but we were eye witnesses of His majesty. For He received from God the Father honor and glory when there was a voice borne to him by the Majestic Glory, This is my beloved Son . . . . . . And this voice we ourselves heard . . . . . . when we were with him in the holy mount."

In this connection and in conclusion I would call attention to a statement made in an open letter by the late Bishop of Zanzibar, found on page 172 of his life, recently published: "I do not hesitate to say that a Church which has two views in its highest ranks about the trustworthiness of the Bible, the authority of the Church, and the infallibility of the Christ has surrendered its chance of winning the Moslem; for his dependence on his Book, his tradition and his Prophet will not be broken by a debating society, but by the living, speaking Church of the Infallible Word incarnate."

He believed and we do, that in Africa, Egypt, India and Japan there is no greater hindrance to the spread of the Gospel than books by ministers of religion which treat the fundamental articles of the Christian faith as open questions.

WHO SHOULD GIVE NOTHING FOR MISSIONS Matt. 28: 19; Ro:m. I: 16; Matt. 24: 45 1. Those who believe that Jesus made a mistake when He said: "Go ye, therefore, and teach all nations."

2. Those who do not believe that "the Gospel is the power of God unto salvation to everyone that believeth," Jew or Greek. Rom. 1: 16.

3. Those who wish that no missionary had come to our forefathers and would prefer to be heathen.

4. Those who believe that everyone in the world should shift for himselfl and ask with Cain, "Am I my brother's keeper?"

5. Those who do not care to have part in Christ's final victory.

(n 6. Those who believe that God will not call them to account because of the way they use their money. 7. Those who are willing to have Jesus say to them: "Inasmuch as ye did it not unto one of the least of these, ye did it not unto Me !" (Matt. 25: 45.)-Expositor.

Awake

BY REV. L. T. NEWLAND, KWANG.JU, KOREA A GREAT mental and spiritual revolution is taking place in Korea. Japan, least of all, had any idea that the tortures she imposed on the people would prove the birth throes of a new nation. Korea stands today as far in advance of what she was one year ago as she was then ahead of the time when Dr. Allen made his first perilous trip through this forbidden land.

The first sign of advancement is always along industrial lines, and here the country is wide-awake. Wages have advanced almost three hundred per cent in the last two years. The coolie is content no longer to be merely a talking animal. He is wide-awake to his rights, self-assertive and determined to get ahead. Of course he makes the usual number of mistakes, but now when he extracts his seventy-five. cents for his eight hour day's work, he looks you straight in the eye, while formerly he bowed his head humbly and walked off with twenty cents for ten hours of hard work. His tastes have changed, not all his wages are consumed by the increased cost of food. Re is dipping in heretofore forbidden luxuries, and, in his ignorant way, is trying to pull his manner of living up to his dimly conceived ideas of what constitutes the rights of a modern working man.

The business instincts of the Korean have revived and companies of large or small capital are springing up everywhere. True, a large per cent of them will fail, for Japan, up until the recent reforms, has consistently denied the Koreans a chance to develop their business ability, even denying those who had money the free use of it without the permission of a government agent. Now the ban has been lifted and large companies are being formed, many of them looking towards export business.

I think the traveling public a good index of the financial condition of a people. Three years ago only the rare, rich man, patronized the automobiles or the second class on the trains. The missionary often rode in lonely and envied glory. Now all that is changed. Rarely does the Korean walk. He crowds the auto busses until we often walk for lack of room; he fills the first and second-class coaches to suffocation and generally pampers the flesh. These are not the rich, either, but the small farmer and day laborer who, through the high price of commodities and wages, are at last able to enjoy life. They take newspapers and talk intelligently about the League of Natiop.s, the Peace Treaty and such world subjects. The conversation on the train formerly consisted of the petty, dirty gossip of one little village; now it is world-wide and bespeaks a people mentally alert.

As a direct result of this awakening has come a new thirst for G'lS 3

learning. In former years a knowledge of a few hundred Chinese characters was considered a good education, and your highly educated gentleman would probably gravely ask you if it were true that the people of Africa had only one eye in the middle of their foreheads. But the Koreans of 1927 realize that such an education is useless. So they are clamoring for schools, good schools, modern schools. They do not like the government but they are crowding the government schools for the educational advantages, while our mission schools are literally swamped, and they are begging for a school in practically every country church. The older generation know it is hopeless for them to attempt to cure their illiteracy, but they are determined that their boys and girls shall know something. This desire to know the world and to solve her own problems is the foundation of Korea's new thirst for modern learning.

Korea hopes for independence, a modern twentieth century independence, and for this the people are trying to fit themselves. The hope is what has galvanized the country into life, and the realization of the fact' that the old monarchy is absolutely impossible is what is making the young of the land study so zealously modern nations and modern statecraft. Even though her desires may never be attained, the hope inspired and the preparations made will keep the land from ever sinking back into the dull, hopeless apathy of yesterday.

Missionaries are most concerned with the spiritual awakening of Korea. Here the change is as marked and distinct as it is along material lines. It would not be true to say that Chosen is pressing en masse into the Kingdom, for I do not trust much to the depth of feeling in a people that evinces no opposition to the Gospel. If the message has not stirred the devil up to new activities you can be sure it is making but little permanent impress upon the heart.

Today we are in the midst of two conflicting currents of thought. Prosperity always brings a host of sins in her train and Korea has not escaped. Easy money has opened up to this poverty-stricken land new, fascinating and heretofore forbidden forms of fleshly sins. Japan, ever alert for a dollar, has taken full advantage of her opportunity and is literally flooding this country with liquor of every sort, but often doctored in Japan and rendered doubly dangerous, though unblushingly sold under foreign labels. In the past the Korean drank his own impossible beer or crude whiskey; now he can get highly flavored foreign drinks and he is going the limit. Drunkenness is on a distressing increase. The Japanese set the pace by consuming unbelievable quantities of strong liquors and Korea follows as fast and as far as she can afford it. Added to this is the more or less open trade in opiates, morphia, cocaine and opium. The Government has some supposedly strict laws on the matter, but the revenue is too great for hard-pressed Japan to let a little thing like making her people a nation of drug addicts deter her.

1927J KOREcA cAWAKE

As a result of these two vices immorality is on a great increase. Unblushing prostitution on the part of many .Japanese girls is having its effect OIl the young men and 'Nomen of Chosen. Out here sHch things are perfectly open and defile practically every street. Morally Korea is infinitely worse off than she was ten years ago. Whatever good economically Japanese rule in Korea may have done, it has been a moral blight.

A BRIGHTER SIDE But this dark picture can be matched with one equally bright. ~'here is just as distinct and evident a current setting Christward. Chosen is spiritually awake. It is useless to speculate that this awakening has come as a violent reaction against the Government and is, therefore, political and not spiritual. The policy which was expected to stagger Christian mission work and put missionaries out of the running as a force, under the providence of God, has done more to put us in favor with the common people than any other thing that has happened in our work. Perhaps political reasons· are making many, especially the young men, favorable to the Church. But from whatever reasons the churches are crowded and no matter wnere you go men and women listen eagerly and intelligently to the Gospel. Can we not leave to the Holy Spirit the sifting of the motives ~ The wonderful advance our work has seen in the last year is due not to politics but to the thousands of prayers that have been going up from the missionaries and the native Church for the last five years for a revival. It is the result of an awakened people who are alive to their spiritual con,dition and want Christ. Korea today stands and knocks at the door of the Church; the reply the Christians of America give will determine her future.

The strength of a nation lies in its young men and women. Reach them, and you have won the country. Here probably is our greatest present opportunity and responsibility. Young Korea is eager anef anxious for the Gospel. 'rhey crowd our meetings and give us respectful hearing whenever we meet them. They invite us to their villages, they buy Bibles as fast as the Bible Society can print them. In former days the young men, save those of Christian families, were conspicuous by their absence; now they fill our churches. We have no captious questions to answer, no impertinent display of m;w learning, but only eager, zealous inquiry about the way of salvation. Today, young, strong, new Korea looks hopefully to the Gospel of Jesus Christ to solve her problems, both individually and nationally. These are the leaders of tomorrow, and if we will but bring them the message they will lead their people to Christ.

Mission schools are crowded to their capacity, and we could prohably double the attendance next year if we only had the room. Our country church schools are limited only by our smaJlness of

funds for help. Near one country church the Government has gone to great pains to put up a large public school, not in the town, but well outside, so that it could be less than a stone's throw from my flourishing mission school. In spite of this and the fact that to go to the mission school costs money, while the public school is free even to books for needy pupils, we have three year contracts with aU the pupils the school can accommodate, many of them heathen, and a large part of them have to go by this fine large public school to get to my one-roomed mission schooL But the revival is not confined to the young only. All classes and ages are eager for the Word. I hear my helpers constantly marveling that, where three years ago they got scant attention when they preached in certain heathen villages, now they find a welcome every- where. Churches that had dwindled down to almost nothing are reviving and again pressing forward. One church that had fallen from one hundred to fifteen or twenty at a service has over three hundred eager listeners, and twenty-five women alone professed faith in Christ. . .

Now the rest is up to the Church at home. There is no need for me to write further. The same message is coming from a dozen sources in Korea. "Come over and take Korea for Christ."

A Double Present-day Miracle in Korea rrHE BY DR. A. G. FLETCHER, TAIKU Missionary of thE1 Presbytedan Church, U. S. A.

following story of how two churches were established in Korea gives some idea of this work: The island village of Sai Nai and its little sister Cham SiI were pictures of desolation when we visited them for flood relief. The mad river had torn away the banks of the island, buried the fields under heaps of sand, carried away the crops, destroyed many homes, drowned many people, and had left the living without hope of food, clothing, or shelter. The people were despairing. There was not a Christian on the island and moreover they said they did not want to hear anything about a God who sent such calamities. So desperate were they, so hopeless, so sinful that after two visits we felt that we did not want to go there again.

Sai Nai was the first village visited on the island. We had come out in search of an island village beyond Duk Sum, where people were reported to be starving to death. We did not even know the name of the village but we found it. Thirty or more so-called homes: dugouts, bare shell-like shacks, tiled roofed houses with little left but the roof. The people were hungry, cold, bitter. A blind man lived in a pit in the ground; his only furniture was an old oil

A DOUBLE PRESENT-DAY MIRACLE IN KOREA

tin in which were the dead embers of a fire. Six little children in various stages of nakedness were huddled in an unheated mud hutthe parents had gone out to beg food. An old, sick grandmother complained of being left to live, cold and hungry, after the days of flood horror when she had seen her husband, son, and three other members of the family drowned. A young woman, widowed by the flood, lay with her new-born baby on a cold, damp floor, with no fuel, and no way of getting any. On our second visit we took food and clothing to these poor people, not enough, but still sufficient to keep them from starving or freezing. As we came in that afternoon feeling sad over the state of things, another party passed us going to the same island. They found a village just beyond Sai Nai, smaller but in even more pitiful plight. The girls of the Evangelistic Center gave up their Christmas in order to clothe and feed this village of Cham Silo At Christmas time when they went out with their gifts an evangelist went with them to preach. At that time many villagers expressed a desire to be Christians though they knew little about Christ except as His love had been revealed to them by the loving g'ifts and in the words of the evangelist.

How to teach them the Gospel was indeed a problem, as the nearest churches were at that time leaderless. But a young evangelist was found who was willing to live in Cham Sil, enduring any hardship in order to bring his Saviour to the villagers. He lived in a dugout, ate miserable food, and shared all the privations of the people. He taught old and young to read, got Bibles and hymn books for them, and trained them as little children in Christian life and in worship. After they had learned to read he had a Bible reading contest.

One man over seventy years old read the Gospel of John ten times in a week and then began reading through the New Testament. Seven of the childr~n read the Gospel of John several times, memorized scripture, hymns, the Lord's prayer. Most of Cham Si1 became Christians. As they collected material for rebuilding their own homes in the spring they each set aside beams for a church building. They found a good site and began to pray that they might have a building.

We rejoiced at the events in Cham Sil but our faith concerning Sai Nai was small. The evangelist, however, began his labors there. Ere long we heard that scores had been converted, the saloons had gone out of business, and Sai Nai, too, wanted a place of worship. A Bible woman went out to live on the island for two months and teach the women. One of the evidences of the change in their lives was the doing away with the enmity between the two villages and their uniting in building one church in the larger village. The men and boys had no money to give toward the church but all pledged a certain number of days of labor. Altogether the men of that village, weakened by cold and hunger and with even then not enough to eat, gave several hundred days of labor to the building of the church. A

tumbled-down house was bought and set up in a little popular grove on high land and this gradually grew into a church. Funds were found by the missionaries for the necessary new materials and other expenses.

What a different day it was late in September, when we went out to join in dedicating this church! A day of dazzling sunshiny beauty. The roads were not so rough, the sand was neither blazing hot nor blowing into our faces with stinging ("old. It was a joy to be out on such a mission. 'Vhen we reached the river's edge a ferry was just coming to the shore but we were told not to take it. Another ferry with a great orange-colored sail was seen leaving the opposite shore. As it came nearer we saw in it a group of happy-looking, well-dressed young men standing up to greet us. It was our special boat and those who manned it were the same young meu who had suffered during the winter. We could hardly believe the testimony of our own eyes. A dozen or so men in Sai Nai make their living by running ferries but they would never accept any fees from us after our first relief trip, though every sen was precious to them. A faint sound of "Jesus Loves Me" reached us across the river and we could see a long line of white on the shore which as we drew nearer resolved itself into the Sunday school, drawn up to meet us, fifty strong. They saluted us and took our books, coats, and other burdens while we marched across the sand to the church. Someone said we were like the children of Israel crossing the desert.

The church was prettily decorated but we were happier in greeting the grown-up members of the congregation than in viewing decorations. Our crowd was so big that we could not get into the church and we dedicated the building from the outside! The mats and few benches were carried out into the court and there in the shade of a great tree, which for years had been a devil tree, feared and worshipped, we worshipped God. The memory of the bitter winter with all its sadness and the former hopeless life of these people who were now our own brothers and sisters in Christ, made the joy of this transformation so poignant as to be almost unbelievable. The people who had sat in darkness had come out into marvelous light. It is impossible to put down in words on paper the joy and wonder of the miracle we have seen on the island. These people, who had lost all but life in the flood, had found all in Christ after the flood. They are now glorifying Christ in their hearts and lives. We found an island in dire need and Christ found that island and supplied its every need. He is still a miracle-working God.

JAPANESE LIVES IN AMERICA HAVE SUNSHINE AND

New Life for Japanese in America BY MISS ESTHER MARY McCOLLOUGH, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON M UCH is being done in the United States now to promote unity and understanding between our American people and those seeking new life in our midst. The same is true of all countries of the world. Many organizations are formed for educational, social and business contacts. Groups of teachers' have interchanged visits; we have exchanged professors in our Universities; the baseball teams of Japan and America play each other; students of both eountries are getting first hand information thru their own eyes-not thru the newspapers; the Japan Societies (I am proud to be a member of the Seattle Japan Society) are bringing about social and busi- Hess cooperation; even the children are drawing close together; for instance American children sent many dolls for the Annual Dolls" Festival (Hina Mats11lri) this year and the Japanese girls will return the compliment with Japanese dolls next year. Then the Race S"ur- Some years ago, about 1907, the McCollough fam.ily formed their first contacts with .Japanese through assisting the Rev. and Mrs. Okazaki and :Miss NelJie Fife in social affairs and in Sunday-school work. Later a flne Christian Japanese scbool boy came to our home. bringing as one of his dearest possessions a large Ja.panese Bib-Ie–the gift of his parents. He called himself Abraham, after Abraham in the Bible and Abraham Lincoln. A1fter Abraham left our home, many Japanese have come and gone as members of our famny circle. One of the acid tests of friendship Is harmoniously I1ving together under one roof. When Miss Flo-renee Rumsey became the Sup,erintendent of the Japanese Woman's Homo, she asked me to belp in the Educat+i.onal Department. Soon after that, the Woman's Baptist ·Home Mission Board gave me my com,mission as missionary in 1917. The intervening years have been full ot! rich blessings: the serving of Jesus Cbrist our Beloved Teacher; the harmoll!ious ClOO:peration of our group of worker's and of our Boards; and the enriching of our lives thru the feUowshtp withl our Japanese friends. An estimate of the names rec()rded under my departtrnent is eleven hUnd,red and fifty. TbJis includes tbose taught English, Cooking, and Bible. Because Seattle is a port city, our local friendship list is constantly changing. Many friends, who have returned to Japan write, "When are you coming? We are waiting." We can sing, "Blest be the tie that binds our hearts in Christian love," knowing the tie connects our hC8Jrts here to J,apanese all over the globe, extending on to the Grent Beyond, where all raCes are one in the eyes of "Our Father who art in Heaven."

679

veys are first hand facts gathered to deal squarely with the situations. All of these are splendid and necessary, but it remains for Christians to plant the seed of understanding Christ love-the Christ who was color blind as E. Stanley Jones says. Dr. Ambrose Bailey said, "It is not necessary to make the foreigner your brother-in-law, but it is necessary to make him your brother." It is our Christian obligation to open new life to the foreigner within our gate by training his ear to hear Christ's voice and knock so that the newcomer's heart will be opened to Christ's presence.

" lYe must be born again' is the supreme aim of all of our work," said our pastor Rev. Fu- kumatsu Okazaki when he spoke on the subject, "The 35th AnniveL'- sary of .J a pan e s e Vork in Seattle. " You would have been deeply touched if you had heard his simple and impressive words at the Anniversary Banquet sev- eral months ago. "I was con- verted through the grace of God in Denver, Colorado, I cam e to Seattle about this time in March, thirty-five years ago. I reached HOME FOR JAPANESE WOMEN A Christian center where doors are ever here at three in the morning. I (fo~~8 ~v:l~a~'i,~~;Sits V',i~~t ~a:ig~~tko~~~cof looked up the street and around the Japanese section (about six hundred Japanese here then). I went to the hotel, got down on my knees, and prayed to God that He would guide me and He would open u way for me to bring salvation to the Japanese here."

Has God answered Mr. Okazaki's prayer of thirty-iive years ago? Five denominations and the Salvation Army are laboring in this Seattle field of eight thousand seven hundred, including the outlying districts. The churches are banded in a union known as the Domekai and the Japanese pastors join together in prayer retreats. "And he shall be like a tree planted by the streams of water, that bringeth forth its fruit in its seasou," comes to my miud when I think of the Japanese Baptist service here. Our work was a mere sapling at first, but now it is well-rooted and its branches are spreading far and wide. The streams of water have been loving prayers and service of Japanese and American but Cl1rist's redeeming love has given life. It would take a book to speak in detail of all the branches but you will wish to hear the main departments enumerated.

NEW LIFE FOR J APANESE IN AMERICA

I. The Japanese Baptist Chu,rch-New Building, 1922.

A. Adult Church-the preaching services are in Japanese. B. Young People's Church-the prea,ching services are in English. C. Graded Sunday school-486 enrolled, 325 average attend- ance. D. Two B. Y. P.U's. E. Prayer meetings. F. Women's meetings. G. English classes. H. Gymnasium.

1. Social meetings and Entertainments.

II. The Japanese Baptist Kindcrgartc11r-New Building, 1926.

III. The Japa,nese Woman's Home–Christian Center, built in 1910.

A. Housekeeping rooms. B. Nursery Department. C. Employment Bureau. D. Teaching Department-English, Cooking, and Bible. E. Religious meetings. F. Social Affairs-Parties, Dinners, Banquets.

IV. Extension Work.

A. Home Visitation. B. Teaching English and Bible in Japanese Homes. C. Religious Meetings in the Homes. D. Evangelistic Work in thirty Country Districts. E. Evangelistic Work in Other States. F. Correspondence. G. Service in Japan Done by Converted Seattle Japanese.

Our force of missionaries is made up of the following: 1. Rev. Fukumatsu Okazaki-Japanese speaking pastor here for 35 years.

2. Rev. F. W. Wightman–Englisb speaking pastor. 3. Miss Elizabeth Goldsmith-Superintendent of the Kinder- garten. 4. Miss Florence Rumsey-Evangelist in Seattle and outlying dis- tricts. 5. Miss May Herd-Superintendent of the Japanese Woman's Home, head of the Nursery Department, Young People's and Sunday-school worker. 6. :Miss Esther McCollough-Religious, Educational and Social Department.

To this list should be added many names of those who so willingly give their time, efforts, and money to this one section of God's Kingdom_ A missionary is really anyone who is a server and reflector of our Saviour.

All branches of work are necessary and they all work into the Christian life. Take for instance, the Nursery Department at thp Japanese Woman's Home. Sachiko is one of the little ones being mothered there. Her father, Mr. Yamamoto, was not a Christian.

At last he came to conversion and in his testimony he said, "I wondered why Miss Herd and Miss Rumsey gave my Sachiko such loving care. I knew it was not for money. Then I decided it was the Christ spirit." Mrs. Fukayama told us that "he came to America eight years ago. She was met at the dock by Miss Ruth French, (one of our former workers) sent her children to Miss Goldsmith's kindergarten and to Miss Herd's Primary Department in the Sunday school, Mrs. Fukayama studied English and Bible under Miss McCollough and listened to Rev. Okazaki's sermons. Consequently all the workers were rejoiced over her confession of faith. Using her own words she said, "From the first, I had a longing for the Christianity in America. I was redeemed by Jesus Cllrist's innocent blood last spring. I thank God for His great grace every day."

"Tell about your new life in America," would produce various and different reactions in individuals. Christian Americanization THE JAPANESE BAPTIST CHURCH DA.ILY VACATION BIBLE SCHOOL-A CAUSE FOR THAJNKSOI VING is not simply teaching our habits, our manners, our language, our cooking, our mode of living. 1'here is much more; it should be the sympathetic revealing of friendly, loving, understanding heartsin other words the Christlike attitude of American Christians plus instruction. Continually we have tried to bring Japanese and American friends together where we have eaten together, joked together, talked over varied subjects together, and understood each other. Just last week, we took several of our Japanese friends to a large Interdenominational Church Federation Breakfm~t where all missionaries in Seattle were honor guests. In commenting about it, Mrs. Omoye, a banker's wife, said, "I was so happy at that meeting. I felt so warm. Sometimes I feel cold at meetings but that time I was warm. Many ladies said, 'How do you do' and smiled." An educated Japanese man visited Seattle; he. stayed in a cheap hotel ,in the worst section here. Consequently, he didn't meet Christian friends and what he saw of Amrican life was not uplifting. In telling of his impressions of America to friends in Japan, he said, "My, it is terrible over there; gambling, bootlegging, and other sins are flourishing." Some things unchristian, such as some Americans

927] NEW LIFE FOR JAPANESE IN AMERICA

making Sunday a holiday instead of a holy day cause our Japanese to say, "Aren't all Americans Christian, isn't America a Christian country'" Not long ago one of our Japanese Christian men Mr. Kato (A true evangelist), was calling on a couple who were not Christians. The Japanese woman said, "I worked in an American Christian home, but my mistress did not act Christian. I don't want Christianity." Then Mr. Kato said, "'1'here are head Christians and heart Christians That American was just a head Christian." Just today, Mrs. Takakoshi said, "When we first went to Rainier Valley, the American children called to my boy, 'Jap! Jap! We don't want to play with you.' Miss McCollough, I cried but after we lived there five years all the children liked my boy and wanted to play with him. Before we came away, they gave him a birthday party, too. I was glad!" Yesterday, I received a note from an American friend in Montana to ask us how to approach their Japanese neighbors. I will answer, "The first approach is the warmth of Christian hearts." Misunderstandings arise throug'h ignorance and through looking at life from different view points. Many Americans have asked if the Japanese ever laugh or joke because they have such serious countenances when seen on the street. Recently I was enthusing to an American friend about a group of about twenty-five Sundayschool teachers of the Japanese Baptist Church who gathered for a picnic supper, followed by a shower for a bride, then a social time, culminating with a fireside sing. And what a good time they had! And how they could sing all the hymns in English-from memory, too. My friend said, "How I wish I could have been there. So often we don't see that mood of the Japanese." All I hnve to say is that if you want to have a real good time, attend any Japanese social gathering.

One day I asked one of my English pupils, "What is the meaning of present time Y" She quickly answered, "Christmas." Another .Tapanese lady said, "Miss McCollough did you lose your weight?" I looked puzzled and said, "Why, no, I know the way to your house very well." She insisted, "0, yes, you are a little skinny now." "How are you, fine!" I called out to a little boy one day, "How are you, fine!" "No, six, " he said. You can see in these conversations how easily it is for people to see things in just opposite ideas. So many times clouds hang low over our beautiful Cascades, but when the sun shines the mountains stand forth in their beauty. We plead with America to dispel all mists of misunderstandings, by letting the warmth of their Christian love penetrate to the Japanese hearts. Another thing,

when in doubt about other races, don't quote the newspapers but ask the missionaries, the teachers, business associates, etc. Americans ask us such questions as these: "Do the Japanese learn quickly? Is our cooking hard for them f Why, they can sing just like Americans, can't they ~ Are they spirituan" To all of such questions we answer, " The Japanese are just like Americans-some are very clever and some are slow at learning." The fine thing, which proves an inspira- tion to us, is that lessons learned go more than skin deep. Some- times I hear such unfair criticisms about Japanese. Although many Japanese live in very pretty American homes in the best residen- tial districts, yet the bulk of our Oriental population here live in one district. Over and over again, my friends have aSiked me if I know of some A ill e I' i can homes, wit h gardens where their little ones will not be forced to play on the streets. But such THE JAPANESE BAPTIST CHURCH, SEATTLE, places, especially bun- ,VASHTNGTON galows, are hard for our Japanese to find.

Have we seen Japanese lives "born again?" Yes, and what an inspiration it has been! There are certain qualities which are pronounced in all Japanese such as: industry, skill, patience, love of the beautiful, appreciation, honesty, cleanliness, the keeping of memorials, and the spirit of worship. The simple touching testi- monies of our Japanese just grip your hearts. One of my pupils, a young man, was telling me just last week how he heard a mission- ary teacher in Japan tell about Christianity. "N'ever had Buddhism satisfied me," said my friend, "Jesus Christ and faith came into my heart like lightning, as soon as I heard that teacher's words." Last month, Mr. Iwasa, a member of our S. P. Bible Class said, "May I bring gochiso (refreshments) to class next Sunday~ It is one year since I got new life. I was baptized on Mother's Day, 1926."

Mother's Day was a sacred day to :five in our class; the outward signs of their feelings were their Memorial offerings in OUI' Service Box (Missionary Box) and their inspiring spiritual testimonies. Our Saviour's last command, "Go ye" is real to our Japanese converts.

One year old Christian said, "I was so happy when I was baptized. It took me a long time to become a Christian. Last week I went to talk to my friend about Christianity but I'm afraid I'm" not filled with the spirit because I couldn't lead her to conversion. We talked three hours but she couldn't see Jesus." As she sat down, her voice

NEW LIFE FOR J APANESE IN AMERICA

choking and her eyes filled with tears, Mr. Kitamoto said, "The other day 1 saw a mother canary in a cage feeding her three babies.

I thought how like Jesus that mother bird is. She sacrificed for her children. All the little ones have to do is to open their mouths for food, so with us, all we need to do, is to open our hearts to God's words-food for our spiritual lives. " Several others who had found new life on Mother's Day asked for a Memorial Meeting in Mrs.

Kurose's home. Mrs. Kurose said, "May 15th is my real birthday but Mother's Day is my birthday now because 1 was born again."

One of our happiest experiences are such meetings in the homescottage prayer meetings or Light Circles as we call them. Just the very best service they can give is the motto of the hostesses. The hom e s a l' e literally scoured, thO' rooms are decorated, s 0 m e even make new Japanese pil- lows for the chairs, great pains are taken with the refreshments. OU R JAPANElSE ORCHESTRA There is the friendly welcome, then the meeting itself. How 1 wish you could all attend a Light Circle Meeting with me.

How can we know Jesus unless we open our hearts to Him 1 We tell our Japanese friends, "How are Americans to know you un- less they can look in your hearts. We know your love for Jesus, now won't you serve Jesus by trying to testify for Him in American meetings ~ " For our American born Japanese young people, it is no task to speak in public, but for our Japan born Japanese women it is very hard. Mrs. 1zuta has come with us several times. Dressed in Japanese costume, her face beaming with Christian happiness her sveech, as follows, always makes a strong appeal: "What 1 Found in America. 'Vlien 1 was a child in Japan, 1 went to the Buddhist Sunday school. My family are all Buddhists.

"1 have lived in America about ten years. Some friends wished me to be a Christian and to be baptized. 1 could not understand the Bible well. Until two years ago, 1 was a Buddhist. Then 1 studied the Bible, 1 went to church and I believed in Jesus Christ. I was baptized in the Japanese Baptist Church last Easter. The Bible was very hard for me before. Now it is like an open door. 1 have peace in my heart. 1 am happy every day." 1 wish you could know ,Mrs.

Onoye. She is such a cultured Christian mother. We asked her tc speak on the subject, "vVhat Christianity Means to Me." Do you

think an American could express the answer any better than Mrs. Onoye 1 "What does Christianity mean to me '/ I think the answer to this question is just the same as why do we need the doctor 7 You know when we do not feel well, we call for the doctor. Just like that, when we have some inside trouble, we look for the true religion Christianity, and we call upon God the divine Healer for help."

I wonder if there are some who can dare to say that they have no sins at all. All sinners knock at the door of Christianity at first, thus they can make themselves pure. Then they will thank God for His great work. I want Christianity to bring the Kingdom of God on this earth. "For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son that whosoever believeth on Him should not perish but have everlasting life. " He asked Mr. Kitamoto, one of our year old Christians, to be toastmaster at our S. P. Bible Class Supper. The Americans and Japanese there were so impressed with his remarks. After telling about-his joy over his baptism he said, "One morning when I was on my way delivering goods to one of our customers, I saw a billboard sign which was a Near Eiast Relief sign. On this board, there was a tall mountain, on the top of the mountain there was a man who was reaching his hands to lift the boys at the bottom to the top. When I saw this wonderful picture, I was So. happy to know that God had showed me how to share my happiness. So I delivered something to another American customer. When I was there she asked me how I felt so I answered, 'Today is the happiest I ever had in my life', then she asked me what made me so happy so I said, 'If you will believe every word I say to you, I know you will be happy as I am now.' Then she replied, 'Yes!' so I told her the gospel message. While I was speaking to her she had her heart opened and believed every word of God, so now she is living with everlasting' happiness."

So far, I have been speaking especially about our older Japanese, but our Japanese young people must be mentioned because they are one of the dominant factors here. Miss May Herd is not working for them but with them as an older Christian sister and guide. (That is the light in which we all wish to be taken as sincere Christian friends. By the way, I have heard Miss Herd say, "Don't say sacrifice, I just love what.I'm doing!" So we all say, "What we are doing is not work but pleasure.' ') Rev. F. W. Wightman, our city missionary, has been having spiritual religious meetings in English with about sixty of the younger Japanese present. Then Miss Florence Rumsey has been doing fine evangelistic service not only among the adult Japanese but their children in the surrounding! country districts. Many have opened their hearts to Christ, they have been converted, and now they are doing active service. For instance: our Sunday-school Superintendent, many of the Sundayschool teachers, some of the Kindergarten teachers, the leaders of

i927] NEW LIF'E FOR JAPANESE IN AMERICA

our B. Y. P. U's. are strong Christians among the Second Generation. Some have been trained to love Jesus from the time they were little ones in the Sunday school and in the Kindergarten. Others have come to this country in their teens, have become acclimated to this new home in every way, but best of all they have taken Jesus as their guide. Such a one was' Miss Uchino, who in four months' residence at the Japanese Woman's Home not only looked like an American girl but she had found the best America has to ofter-the salvation of our Saviour. We had a fine Union Meeting last Sunday evening of our Japanese and Chinese Young People at the Japanese Baptist Church. Last month, the same B. Y. P. U's. had a meeting at the Chinese Baptist Church. When our Christian young people draw closer together all over the world, then we will have Christian Brotherhood in the future. Our Christian young Japanese are beginning to make Christian homes. We have high hopes for these young lives who are beginning to shine in our schools, in business, in churches, and in their homes.

Our Japanese' come to this country where we have even on our coins "In God we Trust." They come here for education and business, perhaps for a few years, perhaps for many years. How necessary it is for Americans to show the Christ spirit so that our Japanese when they go back to Japan will say, "We trust God." Day by day, in every way we have the honor of revealing and reflecting Jesus to the newcomers. I must mention the working of 'God's spirit in the life of Mr. Kotayashi, a highly educated Japanese business man who came to Seattle several years ago. When he re- turned to Japan his life was more abundant because he had found Jesus here. He lived in the McCollough home, attended our First Baptist church, and thoughtfully and carefully studied Christianity before he accepted Christ. He said that when he was in Japan, he wished his wife to go to Sunday school and be a Christian because he didn't want a nagging wife. She learned hymns and sang them around the house; but he thought them effeminate. After he came to Seattle and became a Christian, he learned to love to sing gospel songs. His comment was, "vVhat a cha~ge in psychology." His wife and children came to Seattle to help Mr. Kotayashi make a happy Christian home. On their eighth wedding anniversary he said, "I told my wife to think about the changes in those years. We began our married life on forty yen (twenty dollars a month). Now we have a nice home, two children, I have a good position, but the greatest thing is that we are both Christians. We have Christ in our home and peace in our hearts." The Kolayashi family are living in Kobe now in an American home. They wrote asking me to spend a year with them and to establish a S. P. Bible Class in their home. A young Japanese man came to this country several years ago to learn more about the automobile business. Thru contacts with

Christians, he became a most zealous Christian and Christ server. A year after his baptism, found him in the east. From there he sent a lily which he had painted with these words, "Let me share with you the greatest joy on this Easter Sunday, for I am a year old now." Now he is in the automobile business and in his Heavenly Father's business too, in Kyoto. He writes, "I am trying to find opportunities to let people know Christ, wishing to 'Brighten up the Corner' where I am. Two of my Sunday-school boys were baptized. I think it is very important here in Japan to put an at home feeling in churches and Christianize our homes. It will bring out real evangelizing results." Several years ago one of our Japanese consuls was forced to go back to Japan on account of serious illness. After they had returned to Japan, his wife wrote concerning his sickness and his new found faith, "Amidst the serious time of his illness he was baptrzed. It seems to me like a miracle, because he has never thought about Christianity, even Buddhism until now. But since he has been to Seattle and had so many chances to know Christianity and earnest Christians, his mind felt affection about religion. " Then later we were saddened to hear of the consul's death. His wife wrote saying, "Now the greatest Healer has healed his sufferings. I know he is safe in the arms of his Heavenly Father. "

In conclusion, I quote the following newspaper clipping: "A thirteen year old. Japanese girl has won a silver trophy in the California Legion Contest by the following creed: 'I pledge allegiance to you, flag of my United States, in word and deed. I believe that you will help me to be a loyal citizen in peace and in war. I believe that you will lead the world, not only in strength but in righteousness. I believe that your stars are the shinning symbol of the eternal brotherhood of man in this world. Old glory, as I stand and salute your heroic colors of red, white and blue, I promise to follow your ideals of liberty, justice, and peace, not only for America but for the world.' " Let us all take this creed as our own, remembering that we must march onward with our neighbors in Christian love with the Cross of Jesus going on before.

WOMAN'S CONTRIBUTION TO MISSIONS Their splendid army of unpaid helpers. Their close contact with the local churches. Their system of minute supervisiou. Their network of meetings and conventions. Their fiood of attractive missionary literature. Their alluring but comprehensive mission study text books. Their summer schools and institutes all over the land. Their constructive policies of prayer, finance, education, expansion, standards of excellence, and honor rolls, have developed in state, assoeiation and local aux~ iliaries, leaders with vision and the breadth and grasp of a statesman. Women with courage, with daring, with imagination, with initiative and with constructive ability have added to the efficiency of every department of Christian work.

ELLA D. McLAURJN.

A 'I'OWN ON THIi: BORDER BE'rWE'EN MEXICO (LEF'r) AND THE UNITED STATES

NOle the iron fence which marks the lnteruationa] b()rder line. At the opening 'is seen the sholter tor the customs ofllccr who sees tbat nothing contraband passes the bord e r. (P]at~ from "Over the Border," Missionary Education Movement.) On the American Side of the Rio Grande * BY THE REV. THOMAS BURGESS, D.D., NEW YORK: EJ:ecutive Secretary Foreign-Born Americans Division, Department of Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church T AKE a map of the United States and draw along the coast and border a strip 200 miles wide, aJl tbe way from San Fran- cisco to Galveston, over 2,500 miles. Except at the two ends the majority of the population of this strip~somewhere between 1,000,000 and 2,OOO,000-are Spanish-speaking. They are of all grades in the social scale, but the majority are the so-called peons. '],hese gain their precarious living by doing America's hard and necessary labor in agriculture, construction and mining. They are also spreading out all over the country, called to do the "dirty" work, from which the rest of us, the other immigrant races, have graduated. "Fine laborers, cheerful and obedient they are, if you know how to handle them," said most of the employers I met on the border. In fact, prejudice against Mexicans decreases the nearer you get to them.

It is a wonderful land through which I traveled, the vast distances, the fascinating deserts, the everchanging mountains and the cities ,surrounded by fields and orchards which are garden spots of the world, wrested from the deserts by irrigation. Yon cannot appreciate the fascination of this region unless you have been there.

"From The 8piril Of Mis8/ow1. 689 4

Los Angeles is the third largest Mexican city in the world. I stood in the ancient plaza, a little palm-tree park in the heart of the city near the new city hall. Hundreds of Mexicans, men of every shade, were lolling about its seats and walks. A crowd of them was watching a Chinese New Year dragon bobbing about on the top of white trouser legs, driving out the devils. On one side of the plaza was the graceful Mission, one of the oldest Roman Catholic churches on the continent. On another side was the ungraceful Methodist Church, and beside it the framework of a great seven-story Methodist Community Settlement House. This plant when finished "ill cost $300,000. The highly educated Mexican pastor has been there fourteen years, and has a regular congregation of six hundred, and hundTeds of children. I asked him, "How am I going to answer the cotnmon accusation that the Mexicans are hopelessly worthless 1" He replied" Siinply cite the results of our work. Tell of the large numbers of families made over by our mission here into clean-living, efficient and devout American citizens."

Ip. an autobus, a seven-passenger car, and also a public" stage," I rode all day across the bottom of Arizona, from Douglas through Bisbee and Tombstone to Nogales, a land of mountaina. great copper mines and never-ending deserts, famous in pioneer days. We never were below 4,000 feet above sea level, and one mountain pass was over 6,000 feet, higher than Mt. Washington. Part of the way my only traveling companions were a Jewish salesman who has his office near the Church Missions House, and a Mexican miner who had been in Detroit and was going to Yuma. The Mexican, like all his race, was courteous and affable. By sundown we reached Nogales, where the railroad runs across in a gap of the eight-foot wire fence international border. I saw there many Negro United States soldiers, a regiment of whom are quartered at Nogales.

Next morning I stood by a street gap in the wire fence and watched hundreds of bright-faced Mexican children coming across the border to attend public school in the United States. Then our rector took me to the school and I was much impressed with the way American teachers are caring for the little Mexicans. In the lowest grade, where they first learn to talk English, these Mexican youngsters described proudly for us the pictures on the walls, as did two small Chinese boys recently landed. Our Nogales, Arizona, priest himself has been forbidden to cross the border. Bishop Seaman not long ago tried to drive across the international bridge at EI Paso and was told by the Mexican official to go back and change his clerical collar.

In the flourishing city of San Antonio I visited the beautiful community center of the International Institute of the Y. W. C. A.

r had already, in EI Paso, crossed the trail of the national head of the institute, Mrs. Bremer, of New York, surveying the border for

ON THE AMERICAN SIDE OF THE RIO GRANDE

PROTESTANT MEXIOAN CHAPEL AND CONGRElGATION AT ORANGE.' CALIFORNITA This beautiful little buildIng was given by a local interdenominational· Bible Class. It cost $4,000. The congregation are either Mexicans, or of Mexican parentage. (From the SlJirit oj Mi..~sion8 and "Over the Border," Missionary Education Movement.) the first time, like myself, but going the other way. "Vith her was her southwestern executive, a real specialist on Mexican work,Miss Grace Love. She is a church woman with headquarters in San Francisco. From these well-known social workers I obtained a lot of valuable information and advice. After leaving the institute in San Antonio I went a few blocks to the little Southern Baptist Good Will House, with its bare Sunday-school room, where I was, as everywhere, cordially received.

From there I walked about two miles in the mud through the heart of the Mexican part of the city. There are over 60,000 Mexicans there. It had none of the picturesqueness of the flat adobe houses such as I saw almost everywhere else. Ramshackle, squalid frame one-story buildings, no trees nor grass, everywhere rubbish, poverty, countless children. On a big lot in the worst section stood two wellconstructed buildings, wooden, about 90×30 ft. each, the Southern Methodist Social Center, a veritable oasis for the Mexicans, and around the corner an attractive Methodist Church with its Mexican pastor., In this Social Center a corps of trained, devoted women carryon a great work, kindergarten, day nursery, recreational center, clinic with ward (this last is run by city nurses and doctors). Until St. Mark's Church built its tremendous Parish House this year the gymnasium of the Methodist center was the best basketball court

in the city, and its team the champion. The Mexicans, both boys and girls, become adepts at athletic sports. Miss Mitchell, the head worker, said! "Social service without religion leaves out the foundation. Our children graduate naturally into the church and its activities. Our Spanish language church is filled, and also our English churches all over the city have Mexicans among their members."

Laredo, on the Rio Grande, a hundred miles south of San Antonio, is another fascinating border city, with a Mexican mayor whose wife is a Protestant church member. Sunday afternoon, we visited the beautiful Southern Methodist Holding Institute. Its principal, Dr. Skinner, a devoted, broad-minded, fine type of school head; showed us all over the buildings and grounds. This great school overlooking Mexico has flourished for forty years, was built and . partly endowed by a devout Methodist woman, and is supported by tuition fees and grants from the Methodist Board. There is a corps of twenty-one teachers, and some 300 boys and girls of all grades, mostly boarders. Its graduates are eagerly sought for clerical work by the business men of Texas. Many of its boys and girls have become missionaries to their people on both sides of the border. The finely-equipped schoolrooms, library and dormitories have an air of brightness and refinement. The theatre-like auditorium and chapel centers most impressively in its one adornment, a life-size Hoffman's ,'Christ in the Temple."

I visited elsewhere churches, welfare centers, schools and seminaries, Presbyterian and Congregational, as well as Baptist and Methodist, South and North.

Roman Catholic churches I saw a-plenty and large numbers of Mexicans attend them. But I was told that the men were becoming indifferent and hostile, and that the boys and girls growing up amid American life were fast leaving the Church of their fathers and all religion.

The Presbyterians (North) in 1926 appropriated for Mexican work in the United States $250,000; the Methodists (North) $100,000. Each of these, and also the Methodist (South) has in the border field three field executives and about 50 pastors, 60 teachers and 20 social workers. The Baptist (South), Baptist (North), Congregational and Presbyterian (South) have each about half that number, while a lesser number are faithfully working under the Disciples, Free Methodists, Friends and United Brethren. The Protestant Episcopal Church has only two women missionaries, sent and financed by the church.

Although I gleaned, from those who know the Mexicans well, all sorts of contradictory statements as to their worth or worthlessness, it is quite true that the Mexicans are just human beings, rather lovable, and with as great potentialities for good as any other race, and as much right to God and life. What they need is a fair chance.

METHODS

THE ETHIOS OF PROGRAM PREPARATION By MRS. ",'ILL,ARD H. S~n'rH, HAMILTON, NEW YORK The construction of programs for and the Missionary Education Moveany phase of religious education is ment and Council of Women for a 8erious business. To be education- Home Missions and the wealth of dlly sound a program must produce supplementary material offered by all an impression that will perpetuate the denominational Boards, there is often an embarrassment of riches. itself in logical expression. To be spiritually successful it must What most concerns the program maker is what portion of this maleave one with a greater desire for terial is best suited to the church and improvement and a stronger deter- community for which the study is mination to attain it. being prepared and just how it may be served to accomplish the desired Programs are not like poets, they results. Who knows, perhaps some are made and not born. True there day we may have persons specially may be now and then a program prepared to become Program-Tasters! which seems to spring full-panoplied A noted social worker is quoted as for action from some Jove-like brow saying that "the present-day family but that is the exception, and not the is an experiment in antagonistic coexpectation of the ordinary mortal. operation. " Such a definition must not be applicable to the various parts Every program with "an aspira- of a single program nor of a series. tion for an ultimate arrival" must Programs for the regular sessions of first be prayed over; second, thought a Woman's Society, for Study Classes over; third, worked over and fourth, put over. This of course applies to or a School of Missions should be like the made·to-order program of indi- the pearls which the advertisers tell vidual effort. In the case of the us may be successfully matched and "ready-made" program such as the added to the string from time to time, "How to Use" and" Suggestions for making a perfect chain. Leaders" material that comes as "first aid" to the study books, these Program making is an art, but one processes have already taken place. that can be mastered by patience, However, it remains for the user to perspicacity and prayer.

vitalize even these prepared programs by putting something of himself into How the Baptists of the North them in the way of energy and "Went up in the Air" prayer. [Time was when missions was adjudged a feminine noun and One of the most successsful plans declined accordingly but since Re- for denominational getting together ligious Education has acquired capi- was inaugurated and carried to a tals and masculine cooperation one satisfying conclusion by the Board of may use "himself" with actual as Missionarv Cooperation of the Northwell as grammatical accuracy. So ern Baptist Convention this last much for progress.] winter.

Program preparation in these days It was planned to make January means not what, but how. With the the month for disseminating misgeneral topics selected and sponsored sionary information, a "reign of by the Central Committee of the facts." Some one has said that facts United Study of Foreign Missions, are our scarcest raw material. The 693

plan was to insert them in the cor- Meantime associational leaders in porate body in such a skillful manner every state had been called together, that the innoculation might be not the plan explained in detail to them, only painless but pleasing and the and the carrying out of the. plans in results hoped for were immunity to the local churches left to -their reo ignorance and indifference. sponsibility.

Details of the plan were worked out During December local "Tour with infinite care and early in the Committees" were active in bringing fall announcements began to appear the churches into line ready for action in the denominational press. in January. Four minute speeches were advocated but every committee For inshince, the back cover of the was intrusted with minor details of monthly magazine of the denomina- getting the message across as seemed tion, bore this admonition wise in their estimation.

Look Out Late in December tickets were is- sued to the members of the congrega- for tions at a called or regular meeting .A UNIQUE TOUR of the churches, by the local Tour Leaders .

of WORLD TOUR TICKET BAPTIST MISSIONS See November Missions Around the World with Northern Baptists THIS TICKET This was followed in November wht'n signed in space below is good by for :first·class passage SAIL IN JANUARYl AROUND THE WORLD in the Airship CIaCLE THE GLOB!E WITH EVANGEL NORTHERN BAPTISTS visiting Northern Baptist Mission Make Your Reservation Without Fields as scheduled in the Log to be Delay provided before the Tour begin. Side·trips will be included as desired. All Northern Baptists are invited to make an aerial voyage around the Signatures of Members of world that will occupy the thirty·one days of January. Family Enr()lIng for Tour A trip of fascinating interest, This coupon to be detached by Book· which no Baptist is too poor, too rich, ing Agent and retained for record. too young, too old or too infirm to take. THIS CElI.TIFIES THAT Follow through lands of wonder of …………•……………… and of mystery the chain of Baptist (Name of Passeng…) mission fields upon which the sun never sets. and-·-members of his or her family are booked as passengers for the Travel in an amazing airship which guarantees all the comforts of homo by taking the home along.

Book N01/J!. WORLD TOUR Ask your pastor or the Tour Com· On signing on the dotted line each mittee of your church how to get a family received a copy of the" LOG"

a ticket. and thus become entitled to reo a gaily colored folder after the like- ceive copy of the World, Tour Log. ness of a trans-continental railwav This unique publication will be in time table but of such clarity that ~ sueh. demand that applications for it should be made as. soon as possible.

BEST METHODS ON PROGRAM PREPARATION

wayfaring person of either sex need J<JVERYBODY TOOK THE WORLD TOUR nor err therein. The Baptist World Tour caught the This log contained the line of travel imaginatiou of the Baptists from California traced upon a map and showed the to Maine as nothing else has done within daily itinerary of the tour of all the the memory of veteran leaders of the de· mission stations to be visited at home nomination. Even in the early days of the and abroad, one for each day of the New World Movement there was no promomonth of January, with a brief de- tion project that allured so many people scription of the work carried on and into a simultaneous consideration of our a passage of scripture to be read en missionary and educational enterprises. Re· route. And the descriptive matter ports come from all sides of the unusual and the passage of scripture were interest aroused and of the varied ways in both so brief that no one would dare which the Log was made to spread informa· to complain of lack of time. tion in family circles and church services. The first issue of the Log was 325,000, and Of course the design was to whet a second had to be printed, bringing the the appetite for more substantial total called for up to 365,000. As there are fare. The" Log" was illustrated estimated to be about 400,000 families in with appropriate scenes of the visited the Northern Baptist Convention churches, fields and numerous side trips were and family distribution was aimed at, it cannily suggested for more adventur- can be seen how wide was the outreach of ous spirits as,. for instance, after the this unique piece of travel literature. The description of the Belgian Congo state secretaries say they have never known stations an inviting little foot-note anything to equal this tour in attracting suggested "For delightful side-trip and sustaining not only interest but partici· see Hewing a Station out of the pation. Dr. Bowler and his associates are A frican Jungle" (9 cents.). certainly to be congratulated on the un· exampled success of this original method All the denominational papers car- of promotion. It has not only stimUlated ried the material to be read and also interest and imparted valuable information additional facts and illustrations so but it has tended to draw the hundreds of that if any failed to receive a copy thousands of travelers together in the bonds of the "Log" they were easily put of Christian brotherhood and the consciousin touch with the program through ness of sympathetic fellowship. It has also the other papers. created a feeling of expectancy. Now that we have experienced the joy and satisfac- Very thriftily too, ruling was made tion of doing a fine piece of work together that five points might be added to we shall not be likely to rest content withthe regular Reading Contest totaL~ out finding some new way to repeat the for every person who read the "Log" process of simultaneous stimulation of daily; thus intellectual indigestion interest. was prevented and the every-dayness of the whole plan emphasized. A Reasonable Program of Missionary Even personally conducted tours Edueation for -the Local Church sometimes meet with unavoidable ac- It should join expression to impression; action to inspiration; doing to hearing; cidents and delays but every single effort to information. tourist of the good ship Evangel was set safely down at his own doorstep 1. Systematic presentation of missionary information and missionary inspiration by at the appointed time on the last day the pastor in connection with the meetings of the tour – much refreshed and of the church for worship. stimulated and with nothing to unpack but very pleasant memories and 2. Monthly missionary prayer meetings, a firm determination to "do it directed by the pastor, under the auspices again. " of the Women's MiSSionary Society, the Church Missionary Committee, or some other The following summing up is from group. The Editor's Point of View in Missions: 3. The systematic presentation of Mis- sions in missionary facts, in missionary stories, in missionary drama, to all depart- ments of the Church School.

4. An annual standard Church School of Missions under the direction of the Church Missionary Committee.

5. A missionary library for all ages of readers, with special reference to the par- ticipation in the National Reading Contest.

6. Systematic distribution of free mis- sionary literature, to all who will read it,

under the direction of a Secretary of Litera- quarters for India. Judson College in ture appointed by the ,Church Missionary Rangoon is the center of interest in Bnrma. Committee_ One of its students, a former Bnddhist monk, conducted a school in Buddhist vil- 7_ Bringing missionaries and missionary lage and with his own hands constructed leaders to give missionary messages to the the building in which it was held. church and to the various church groups_ *•• 8_ Enlisting the members of the church and the various church groups to give week- The Mexican Federal Government has ly offerings for the missionary enterprise. had a large force of men touring the United States for the past six months 9. Having a definite plan for reaching studying the living conditions of their citithose in the community who have not alUed zens in the U. S. A., to find out what they themselves to Christ and the Church. Evan- have gained by their time spent in our gelism is Missions in action. country. Do they come back more indus· triou,~ Are their homes equipped with Note. :–The above program can be worked by more eonvenieneeB~ Do they now seem anxany church. It should not be attem;pted all at ious to have their children in sehoolV Do once, if large parts of it have not hithertO' been they haye a desire to save for the "rainy put into effect. It should be built up gradually. day'" And do they fall under the influence Any church that will work the program, will of the evangelical faith ~ become thoroughly missionary in spirlt and service and will make reasonable advance in *** Christian fellowship, in membership and In output of spiritual service. Try it. At Green River, Wyo., Irtense Large, a twenty-year-ol'd Indian girl is teaching Pungent Paragraphs for Place Ca.rds the white children of the descendants of the frontier pioneers. Miss Large is the 'fhe president of a Missionary So- only teacher of a rural school fifty miles ciety suggests that at church suppers, north of this city, in a distrkt removed White Cross luncheons, etc. it is a from railroads and traveled highways. good idea to have some stirring items of interest which may be read at ap- It is also a good idea to use these propriate intervals to add a spice of items on the Church Calendar the seasoning to the mental pabulum of Sunday previous to the monthly misthe participants. sionary meeting. Perhaps some shut- in member might be the chairman of The following clippings are" a free a Clipping Committee, with much sample" : happiness to herself and benefit to others. The American Bible Society sold more Bibles last year in China than in any other Something New in Nova. Scotia country on earth. The nnmber reached the amazing total of 4,092,700 copies, as against Almost every pastor admits that 2,860,400 copies in English·speaking coun· among the men of the churches there tries and 982,900 in Japan. is a great poverty of interest in mis- sions. This is largely due to the fact *•* that the church has had no definite program for men and missions. When The following prayer is being offered the need for funds for the work beeach week in the Madras Union Christian comes urgent we call in a specialist College, India, showing that the influence to give an address on missions and of this effort is heing watched eagerly and make an appeal for money. Inanxiously by onr Christians in the Far East variably the men respond generously, as well as in Latin America. making possible the carrying on of the work. But is it not generally "Prayer for U. S. A." felt that such a method fails to "We beseech thee to grant thy strength achieve the highest end ~ The misto this nation in its conflict with the evils sionary thrill soon passes away and of strong drink, that the resolve which has the men lapse into their former indifbeen nobly made !!,a~ bo;. nobly kept." ference to be aroused again by an- other appeal for which the plate is Many children of Buddhist paTents are passed. in the Sunday school at the Japanese center, Los Angeles. There is a Buddhist temple Now everyone concedes that the erected at a cost of $150,000 within four women of the churches are far ahead blocks of the center. A day school of one of the men in missionary work. The and one-half hours is conducted at the reason for it is in the fact that they center for Japanese children after the public schools close. There are 16,000 Japanese in the section of the City where the center is located.

There were seventeen daily vacation Bible schools in India last summer. The Entally women's school in Calcntta carried off the palm for training and directing twenty of its students.· The Carey church is head-

have a mIsslonary program. This In a later issue of the same paper has provoked them to great interest Dr. •T. H. West, a missionary to India, and effort with splendid results. If offers some constructive suggestions such a method has been of value to as follows: the work and to the women, and who will question it, why not something "A committee might collect suitlike it for the men 1 Missionary able material on our various mismeetings for men need not be of the sionary enterprises and publish it same type as those for women. Their quarterly in the form of lessons as program must be a man's program. a guide for those for whom an orig- Not long ago we organized in the inal program might not be expedient. Sydney Mines Church a Brotherhood This eould be gotten out annually or for fellowship and mission study. oftener if it seemed advisable.

Our membership is not large. We "Nearly every church already has held lately the first public men's mis- its Men's Bible Class and one period sionary meeting in the history of the church, and it was a great success. a month might be devoted to the con- From the meetings and study the men sideration of some phase of mission are getting an uplift and interest work." they never had before in missions. To arrange the program entails some He says, "As a missionary I cannot work but it abundantly pays. help feeling that if men as well as women were organized for the prose- (Letter to The Maritime Baptist, cution of our missionary obligation signed W. B. B.) great things would be accomplished and Christ would have less reason to be disappointed in us."

A TESTED PROGRAM By THE REV. WILLIAM G. TOWART A Program of :&lEgious Education as Functioning in the First Baptist Church of Bennington, Vermont Religious Education is not merely personalities, through instilling the a fine phrase today but every church ideals of Jesus Christ and guiding tl1at is awake to its full responsibility all activity into Christlike conduct. is considering such a program very This is our supreme aim, and as a seriously. A religious educational means to that end we have the finest program cannot be launched in a day equipment we can afford, a simple or brought to fruition in a year. A workable organization, and a unified church must set for itself a goal and program which meets all the needs of then after painstaking preparation, each age group. like the sower, it must await the har- Our school is graded by departvest. ments according to the best known The first essential is a capable methods as follows: Cradle Roll, from birth to four years of age; leader. This may be the pastor of Beg~nners: ages 4-5; Primary: ages the church or a director of religious 6-8 or public school grades 1-3; education. The director should be trained for the work and should have Juniors: ages 9-11 or grades 4-6; the fullest cooperation of the pastor Junior High: ages 12-13; High and the people. He should know the School group: ages 14-17 ; Young needs of all ages in the church parish People: ages 18-25; Adults: all over and be able to plan and carry out a 25 years. program which shall meet these needs. Hach department has one organiza- In our program of religious educa- tion, through which all activities tion in the Bennington Baptist function, instead of having in each Church we are touching young life department a multiplicity· pf organand seeking to develop Christian izations which tenq to cause oollfusion

and over-lapping. Each organiza- ing worship. Sunday evenings they tion, above the primary grade, meets meet as a group in what is known three periods a week from September as a Fellowship Service. This Sun- to June. A program which includes day evening program lasts for two worship, instruction and various hours, the first hour being very in- types of expressional activities, func- formal and of a social nature. After tions through these three sessions. In light refreshments there is a short such a method there is no duplication devotional program led by one of the of officers or committees and all the young people and followed by the members of each department are en- discussion of some subject of vital couraged to attend all three periods. interest to young people. This organ- The three period plan works out as ization meets once a month for social follows; for instance, in the Junior purposes. Oommunity and world department the pupils meet as a service activities are included in their church school group on Sunday morn- program. ings at 9: 45 and are instructed in Bible, Hymnology, Memory Work, Each Sunday little children, too Bible Geography, etc., all of which young to attend the Junior church, are usually correlated. During the are cared for through an organizachurch hour, from 11-12 a. m. this tion known as the "Kinderkirk" same group meets as a Junior Ohurch, which has a program of stories, hand the Primary children joining with work and play. them. They unite for the first part of the program with the adult church Supplementary instruction is given and then march out during a reces- all ages through a School of Missions .,ional hymn, continuing with a serv- which meets for six weeks in the ice of their own in the chapel. There autumn. [Enrollment fee for adults, they have a complete worship pro- twenty-five cents for the session.] gram of hymns, music, scripture, The Forum held Sunday evenings prayer, offering, and a story, adapted to their interest, understanding and during January and February afford an opportunity to hear leaders of needs. The Juniors meet for a third ses- National and International reputa- tion. A Vacation School is held dursion in a weekday class, where they ing four weeks in July for boys and girls. The last two of these or- ganizations are community projects are given supplementary religious under the auspices of the Protestant instruction and directed in Ohristian churches. living, through social, ethical, service We aim not only to touch the lives and religious activities. Several times of those who attend meetings at the during the year they meet as a social church but to reach into the home and minister to the needs of every group. member of the family. This work is In the Junior High department a done through our Cradle Roll desimilar program is carried on, except partment with its quarterly magazine that the boys and girls do not meet and visitation, and the Home Departwith the Junior church but are en- ment for adults which also has a couraged to attend the adult service. quarterly magazine distributed by For weekday work the boys and girls personal visitors. We have a staff of are separated into two clubs, each visitors, organized under the family with a program based upon the four- group plan with a captain, eight lieufold idea of life. tenants and a corps of visitors. Real- In place of the former Ohristian izing the home influence in the life Endeavor or Young People's Union of a child, we have organized the there is one organization which di- mothers of our younger children rects aU the activities of the High into a Mothers' Club. School group and young people. They meet in classes in the church school Next month Mrs. Dan Brummitt win and are encouraged to attend morn- take up the Mission Study textbooks.

A Missionary History Test on Japan and

By BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

WHAT IS YOUR SCORE?

H ERE are twenty questions on Japan and Korea which THE REVIEW offers as a test of your knowledge of the history of missions in these lands. Grade yourself and your friends by the percentage of correct replies. Twenty correct answers score 100 per cent, ten correct answers score 50 per cent, and so on. The answers will be found on page 718, but do not consult them until you have tried to answer the questions.

1. Who was the first Christian missionary to J apan ~ 2. How long was Japan closed to the world after the attempt to exterminate Christianity early in the seventeenth century? 3. Who finally succeeded in unbarring the long.shut gates of Japan after many unsuccessful attempts had been made 1 4. What hymn was sung at divine worship on board the flagship of the United States squadron at anchor in the Bay of Yedo on Sunday, July 10, l8531 5. Who were the first two Protestant missionaries to Japan? 6. What did the missionaries find posted on weather-beaten noticeboards in all parts of the Empire? 7. When and where was the first Japanese Protestant church organized in Japan? 8. What great translator of the Japanese Bible was also compiler of the Japanese-English dictionary? 9. What pioneer missionary, born in Holland and educated in the United States, served as confidential adviser to the Japanese Government for many years? 10. Who instructed Renjio Shimooka, the first Japanese photographer, in the art in which his countrymen are now so efficient? 11. Of what was Jonathan Goble, the first Baptist missionary to Japan, the inventor? 12. What was done with the fund started for Japanese missions at a meeting in William Ropes' parlor, Roxbury, Massachusetts, long before Japan was opened to foreigners 7 13. Who was Captain Luke Bickel and what did he do? 14. Who is the author of "The Three·Hour Sermon" that has won so many souls in Japan and elsewhere? 15. What Japanese boy, who ran away to America to seek God and get an education, became a college president in his native land? 16. By what name is Korea now officially known? 17. What Scottish missionary baptized many Koreans living in the valleys of Manchuria and translated and distributed the Scriptures in Korea before the arrival of the first Protestant missionaries? 18. Who opened the first hospital in Korea? 19. What pioneer missionary conducted the first communion service in Korea in his own home on Christmas Day, 1887, with seven Koreans present? 20. What, besides faith in Christ, is considered a requirement for church membership in Korea 1 699

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY ELLA D. MAOLAUIUN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK PRESBYTERIAN FIRST BIENNIAL The women secretaries of the two MEETING OF WOMEN boards were always ready to make A denominational gathering which suggestions and answer questions. had more than denominational signif- Board members who have been carryicance was held in San Francisco ing special tasks also gave the benefit of their experience, especially in the :May 19th to 24th, when Presbyterian conference days of the Biennial. missionary women gathered for their Furloughed missionaries from both first biennial meeting. This gather- home and foreign fields were present ing marked the completion of the year of "The Call to Spiritual Advance" and took part in the programs·. which had been sounding through the Among these were such leaders as missionary societies of the Presby- Miss Donaldina Cameron of San terian Church, U. S. A. With no Francisco, whose remarkable work in prescribed financial goal, with no ef- rescuing Chinese slave girls brought fort for increased numbers, tne call to America is well known; Dr. Albert had asked only that the wo.nen deepen B. McCoy, superintendent of Presby- terian Sunday-school missions in the and enrich their spiritual life. The first Biennial met in the week South, who was one of the Negro preceding the 1'39th General As- representatives of the Presbyterian sembly. The first three days were Church, U. S. A., at the Le Zoute congiven to organizational conferences ference on missions in Africa last for Board secretaries and members summer; Dr. Robert N. McLean with the synodical and presbyterial superintendent of work among representatives. The last three days Spanish-speaking people of the Southwere for these delegates and for the west; Mrs. WaIIace McAfee of China larger group of women who came Mrs. Charles M. Spining of Chile, and without official appointment to attend many others. Mrs. Charles K. IOOys, this important gathering. The ses- one of the executive secretaries of the sions were held in the Clift Hotel and Board of Poreign Missions and Miss in the First Congregational Church. Gertrude Schultz, secretary in the The mission boards alternated in home base department of the Board presiding over the Biennial, Mrs. of Foreign Missions, who had just re- John Harvey Lee of Philadelphia, turned from a ten months' tour of acting chairman of the Woman's the foreign field, aroused enthusiasm Committee of the Board of Foreign and interest with their reports. Mrs. Missions, and Mrs. H. C. Louderbough Roys, who was formerly a missionary of Englewood, N. J., of the Woman's in China, spoke several times, giving Committee of the Board of National her firm conviction that a new day is Missions, taking the places which dawning there for Christian work.

would ordinarily have been occupied The Biennial delegates faced several by the two vice-presidents of their questions very frankly. Although re- respective boards, Miss Margaret E. suIts of "The CnlI to Spiritual Ad- Hodge and Mrs. Fred S. Bennett. vance" could not be tabulated in Miss Hodge has been, for many figures except as to numbers of new months, confined with a broken hip, prayer groups and increased subscrip- while illness in her family had com- tions to the Year Book of Prayer and pelled Mrs. Bennett to relinquish all to the women's magazine, Women and public service for a time. Missions, many had signed pledge 700 cards to give themselves more sincere- presentation was a summary of the ly along other lines-dramatic, year's spiritual advance throughout musical, literary, etc.-in the service the whole organization. The three of missions. And it was the convic- principal characters, "The Church," tion of everyone that the societies "The Spirit of the Women '8 Missionwere showing deeper consecration aud ary Organization, ~' and "The Mesrenewed spiritual interest not only in senger" were taken respectively by their work as missionary societies, but Mrs. Lucy Lepper Shaw, associate in individual lives. This conviction treasurer of the Board of 'Foreign was so strong that the delegates asked Missions, Miss Lucia P. Towne, editor that The Call be continued and re- of Women and Missions, and Miss ported at the next Biennial. In many Mary E. Moore, field secretary of the parts of the church, The Call has not Board of Foreign Missions. yet been heard understandingly, and the general consensus of opinion was 'rhis first Biennial of the missionthat its great work had scarcely begun. ary women was not an executive body, so all actions voted were only recom- The Biennial discussed frankly the mendations to be passed on to the race question, but without going into Council of Women's Committees of detail. There were a large number of the two Boards. The findings com- Negro delegates at the gathering, and mittee brought in many valuable sugall present" white and colored, ap- gestions which not only served to show plauded loudly when Mrs. H. L. the trend of opinion in the Church, McCrorey, wife of the president of but which will be the basis for careful Johnson C. Smith (Negro) University, study and future action on the part sprang to her feet and, in an impas- of the Council of Women's Comsioned speech, said that she knew no mittees. Among those suggestions one race consciousness; that always, of the most important was the request wherever she had gone, she had found that a committee be appointed to herself at one with Christians, regard- study the single budget plan-a subless of her color or theirs. The dele- ject agitating many churches nowagates were asked to go back to their days-and its effect on the financial societies and advance interracial coop- responsibility assigned to the missioneration, in every way possible, with ary societies. Another asked that the especial regard to this cooperation in Council's study of causes of present the light of the missionary enterprise. unrest in the Presbyterian Church, as A third subject considered at length regards the missionary organization, was the relation of youth to missions be continued another year. and the important contribution of the young people to the missionary task EDINBURGH-JERUSALEM of the Church. 1910-1928 The Biennial proper was opened Sunday afternoon by a communion In 1910, at Edinburgh, for the first service held in Calvary Presbyterian time, representatives from the Proteschurch. In the following days, over tant churches of many nations met to 200 delegates were augmented in their study the results of their efforts to meeting by large groups of California evangelize the world. It was a great women and the wives of some General experience to join such a company in Assembly commissioners who had come singing "Jesus Shall Reign" and to to San Francisco a few days early. listen to great pioneer missionaries and leading Oriental Christians The culminating peak of the entire present their work. This bringing session was the dramatic presentation, together of those who had wrought "The Call and the Answer," written splendidly, but separately, was the by Mrs. D. Everett Waid, chairman of beginning of a new day in the work the Call committee and a member of of foreign missions. Fellowship, and the Board of National Missions. This a new vision of the great task, helped

to unite those of widely differing unite in prayer for the Jerusalem points of view and methods. meeting. Some of the partiCUlar re- quests are: Since 1910, there has been increasing cooperation among Christians of l. That the meeting and all aetivities Condifferent denominations and of dif- nected with it may contribute to the ferent countries. We have the boards fulfilment of God's purpose; aud that of foreign missions cooperating in the to this end Christ may be the center, Foreign Missions Conference, and the touchstone and the inspiration of the Foreign Missions Conference of all that is thought and written an(t N. A. united with similar bodies in spoken. other lands in the International Missionary Council. Each board remains 2, That members of the Council, all who free to make its own decisions, but its take part in the work of preparation, leaders are in close touch with leaders the mission boards and the churches of other boards-each giving experi- overseas may be open and ready to reence and receiving the experience of ceive new ideas and willing to ventlll'~ others dealing with the same problems. forth on untried ways. These shared experiences have promoted understanding and good will 3, That there may be a spirit of expectancy; and strengthened all. Out of separate, and that members of the Council and all unrelated, s"cattered efforts has come engaged in the Christian mission, recogcoordination of plans and, in many nizing the disproportion between its places, union institutions for higher demands and the capacity of human education and medical work. resources to meet them, may give them- selves increasingly to praysI'. In 1910, on the invitation of individuals, the Edinburgh Conference 4. That thel'e may be given to all the desire was called. After eighteen years- and the power of imagination to nndel'- years that have seen the World War stand and readiness to welcome trutll divide nations, but during which im- from every quarter; that, in fellowproved methods of travel and com- ship and mutual sharing, those fl·om munication have brought them as the East and the West may realize and never before into the close contact of demonstrate their vital oneness in a small neighborhood–another Christ. meeting of those interested in presenting the Christian message is to take 5. That fresh light may be gained regardplace-the meeting of the Inter- ing: national Missionary Council at Jerusalem, March 24 to April 8, 1928. The ,Christian life and message in rela- tion to other ways of life and thought; At Edinburgh, although some mis- the principles and practice of religious sions had been at work for a century, education; the relation of the older Churches scarcely a dozen nationals represented of Christendom to the younger Churches the Christians of the Or-ient. At Jeru- overseas; the Christian responsihility in resalem in 1928, of 200 delegates, China gard to relations between races, industrial and India will send 20 each and relations and the life of rural communities; Japan 9, two thirds of each delegation the futUl"e of international missionary coto be nationals. Africa and Latin operat,ion. America will be represented. The new churches of the East, through A more detailed statement may be their National Christian Councils, are found in the July number of The regnlar members of the International Internatio-nal Review of Missions and Missionary Council and also appoint delegates to its meeting at Jerusalem. in a speeial leaflet available through An invitation has been issued by the Foreign Missions Conference. the chairman and secretaries of the International Missionary Council to In order that the churches of North America may understand the purpose of the Jerusalem meeting and help by their thought and prayer, a Bulletin is being issued, the first number of whieh (June) is now available. Other numbers will appear in October, 192(7, January, April and October, 1928. They will eontain authoritative in- formation, bibliography, etc. These Bulletins may be had from the Foreign Missions Conferenee, 419 Fourth Ave., New York.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 E. 22ND STREET, NEW YORK ALL ARE ONE them in their endeavors to make a place for themselves. Every race and every nation, Every land beneath the sun, Just here is the opportunity of re- ligious workers in connection with Must help to swell that great array, these schools. The government and For all in Him are one. the school officials are disposed And the things that make for hatreds, generally to encourage the efforts of And the things that make for sloth, churches to minister to the students. These boys and girls need what re- Fall from them as they pass the gate To pledge their new God·troth.

-John Oxenham.

RELIGIOUS WORK DIRECTORS IN ligion has to offer them. When school GOVERNMENT INDIAN SCHOOLS days are over and they are confronted by racial discrimination and economic The future of the American Indian exploitation from without and diswill be determined largely by con- couragement from within, the patience tributions of schools to the Indian and fortitude which only a wholesome youth of today. While only one third religious faith and experience can proof the 349,876 Indians are minors, vide will enable them to keep up heart. this one third will shape the destiny It will also be the Christian spirit of the race as a whole. The aspirations, conceptions, and outlooks which which will make for a more symparise in the minds of the youth of to- thetic understanding of the problems which must be met.

day will modify both their own course The Home Missions Council and and that which they encourage for Council of Women for Home Missions their offspring. are supporting six religious workers who serve eight schools. These are all The total number of Indian pupils in all schools June 30, 1926, was 69,- non-reservation boarding schools. The 892. Of this number 37,730 were in pupils are separated from their homes public schools. The remainder were during the school year and often for cared for by government anq church the entire time. The training includes institutions. The Government in its arts and trades as well as ordinary 208 schools provides for 26,65·9 stu- academic courses. dents. The churches through their The pupils at the Theodore Roose- 86 mission schools care for 6,895. It is readily seen that of the children velt School, Ft. Apache, Arizona (ennot in the public schools, the Govern- rollment 480) are young or very backward. Many of them can speak ment reaches the greater number. no English when they enter. Some It is unfortunate that so few people come from tribes which have few concan come into contact with these tacts with white men. Speaking of student bodies. Only a dull soul some of the first arrivals at this school, would be unmoved by the sight of the Religious Work Director said: these young people in their assemblies. "Sixty-one came from Keams Canyon Youth, with minds awakening and and Hopi Agencies. Some could powers enlarged, is mutely demanding hardly speak their own tribal tongue, its inherent right to opportunity and having spent most of their life tendencouragement. These groups of ing their father's sheep. All were Indian boys and girls stir one's soul picturesquely Indian in costume and with an impelling desire to help open well perfumed with the odor of the the way and remove the many sheep with which they had been so obstacles which are sure to confront closely associated. Very few had ever 703

seen a white man." Two years later (enrollment 966). It is one of the she wrote: "The development of the outstanding government schools. While children is almost unbelievable. In- a full high school com·sc has been stead of the unkempt, undernourished given only a few years, it has turned children who entered school within out a great number of promising stuthe last twenty-five months, we see dents. .Many graduates are in governwell-dressed, nice-mannered boys and ment employ in connection with other girls as intelligent l()oking as children schools; some are teaching. By proin eastern states." This school is so viding a corps of volunteer workers far removed from any community it has been possible to interest a numwhere cooperation of churches and ber of students from Kansas State workers may be had that the &ligious University, which is located in Law- Work Director is greatly handicapped. rence. Members of that faculty are also vitally interested and ready to The schools at Flandreau, South cooperate. Indian students attend the Dakota (enrollment 475) and Pipe- city churches; the girls are furnished stone, Minnesota (enrollment 274) are transportation by the school while the fifteen miles apart and are cared for boys walk. The general Sunday-school by one Religious Work Direct()r, who is under the official direction of school is himself an Indian. Most students authorities with whom the Director in these two schools have had op- cooperates closely. portunity fpr contacts with white men. The Director has the advantage of In most ()f the schools a general being near a town in which there are meeting for the presentation of moral several churches. and religious matters on a non- sectarian basis is held every Sunday The students at Genoa, Nebraska afternoon or evening. (enrollment 512) oome from more progressive tribes. They are en- In all these schools the students are couraged to attend local churches. privileged to attend a midweek meet- They have their own SUnday-sehool ing one night at least, the program of under the direction of school officials, which is under the direction of the as is also the case at Flandreau and religious worker. These gatherings Pipestone. are generally given over to some phase of religious education. Social and The situation at Sherman Institute, recreational needs are cared for. Riverside, California (enrollment 1,- Often these are met by re-enforcement 055) is unique in that a union chapel of or cooperation with the school was erected under the direction of the Federation of Churches in Riverside: activities or those of the churches. part of the cost was provided by This interdenominational plan is constituent boards of the Councils. This chapel is used for all the re- the sanest and most economical that ligious work of the Protestant group. can be followed. It avoids confusion Fifty-nine tribes are represented in on the campus, and makes for unity the large group of students, who come of procedure. Mutual sympathy and from fifteen western states. respect between students of different denominational ties are fostered. A One Religious Work Director serves people who ought to be united are the two schools at Albuquerque, (en- saved from the bad effects sure to rollment 838) and Santa Fe, New follow if attempts are made to provide Mexioo (enrollment 505). At both separate denominational leaders. It schools the children attend the Sun- is a plan that has the approval of the day-schools of churches in the towns Government. near by. At Albuquerque the school carries the girls and smaller children Gather us in; we worship only Thee; to and from church by auto buses. In varied names we stretch a common band; Sixty tribes are represented in Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kansas In diverse forms a common soul we see; In many ships we seek one spirit·land; Gather us in. -George Matheson.

fROM ,MrANY

JAPAN-KOREA may find rest. Religious writings are popular and religious meetings of all A Tokyo Editor's Tribute kinds are being more largely attended than heretofore. The officials of the T HE following statement was made Government are deeply concerned recently by its editor, S. Shiba, in over the prevalent social situation. the Japan Times a,nd Mail: " It has been foreseen that new "N() am()unt ()f sophistry will hide the fact apologetic necessities were coming that it is the Christian workers and Chris· upon the church in Chosen. They tian civilization that have lifted Japan are coming now in an increasing above the darkness of old ideas and back- flood, both by way of Japan and ward customs and put her on the path of China and directly from the West progress and higher culture. Modern Japan and from Russia. The textbooks for may have been an apt pnpil, but she has all schools, public and private, are had her days of tutelage, and her tutors standardized and their world view is have been neithe;r Buddhists nor Confucian· sometimes anti-Christian. There is ists, but the Christians with their Christian widespread Communist and Bolshecivilization. . . . We are today received to vist agitation, especially among the all practical purposes (except, alas! in emi- increasing debtor class. The Nagration questions) as equals in the most tionalist frame of mind, both in its advanced centers of the world's civilization, good forms and in evil, is coming in." and that not because we are the descendants of people of the highest bravery, with a WODlan's Progress in Japan noble code of chivalry, but because we have succeeded in assimilating the Christian T HE growing independence and standard of ethics and morality as well as hjgher standard of education of Christian good manners. . . . Let us ask, women in Japan, and their increasing then, who it was that taught Us in this participation in public life are instruggle for uplifting ourselves. The an- dications of their progress toward swer is perfectly simple: The Christians equal suffrage. The Tokyo Japan Adand Christian ideas of love, humanity, vertiser says: justice, and propriety-therefore, Christianity. '" In fact, it may be said without exaggeration that, if Christianity as a religion be making but a slow progress in Japan, the Christian ideas have already conquered the country."

Unrest in Japan "In answer to a query as to why the Universal Suffrage Act of 1925 OLD systems. of morality are being failed to recognize the right of house- superseded in Japan but there is wives to vote, the fear was exprest still some opposition to Christianity. that if this right were given, it might "Japan, like other nations, has result in domestic discord."

been passing through a period of eco- :Meanwhile the women of Japan en- nomic, social and spiritual unrest," joy a much greater degree of freedom says a recent report. "Unemployment, than do their sisters in other Eastern strained relations between labor and countries.

capital or landlord and tenant are "In the towns and cities of Japan quite the order of the day. Old sys- women act as conductors on all. the tems of morality are rapidly being trams and omnibuses, and occasionsuperseded, while the new are not yet ally a woman taxi-driver is to be established. seen plying her trade in the streets.

"And yet there is a tendency to Women typists and stenographers, as look for a purer faith in which one well as large numbers of young mes- 705 5

senger girls, are fou~d in all the big 500 students of the commercial department busiIIess offices and III most govern- have been deeply influenced by Mr. Hori ment departments, while nurses, and declare that they have received the taenadc h ewros~enwasithroepsskeese,p e rms a iadn-ds e ravsasnist st-, greatest blessing of all. The whole atmos- phere of the college has been changed.

ants are to be counted in many tens Trained Lead.ers Needed of thousands in Tokyo and elsewhere. APPEALING for an extension of About one million women operatives the educational work of his own are working in factories, especially in cotton weaving and spinning while bKooraer~d, the Southern Presbyterian, in over one hundred thousand are en- Rev. L. T. Newland writes: gaged in mining. Added to all these are some six million women engaged "The great majority of lay workers in agricultural pursuits, working year in and year out in the evil-smel- and a large percentage of the native ling mud of the paddy fields ?r employed in tea-picking or frmt- ministry are men and women who plucking. " know next to nothing of the great Of special significance in the prog- world of science and nothing of that ress ot ,Japanese women, is the ever increa8ing number of new fields of world of literature that means so work being thrown open to women of the intellectual classes. Fifty years much to an educated man. They are ago, it seems, the very idea of Jap3;nese women being allowed to practIse workmen of tried faith and they know as doctors would have been laughed at as an idle dream, yet" now, in ad- their Bible, but they are trying to dition to some 30,000 trained nurses and midwives, there are three hun- lead a people who are intensely eager dred or more women doctors." to know all there is to be known in every department, and who turn from even the gospel message when it is couched in the terms of yesterday.

And, since the leaders ~annot call upon these modern attamments of science and art to explain the spirit- ual truths of the Gospel, they are no longer popular. As a result, not be- cause the people are not gospel- A Revival in the Doshisha hungry, but because they have suddenly developed a taste for a new A N IMPRESSIVE sunrise service setting forth of the old, old story, hE'ld by hundreds of teachers and which taste their leaders cannot satisstudents in the Doshisha University, fy, they are becoming harder and Kyoto, Japan, on the anniversary of harder to reach…. Native church the death of Neesima was referred to leaders of every grade must be edu- iu the July Review. This se~ms to cated in a strict and modern sense have been but one of many eVIdences of that ,,'ord."

of a real spiritual movement in that famous institution. Others are de- Reac,hing Chinese in Korea R scribed as follows in the Missionary EY. A. SYDE:'-JSTRICKER, for- merly a Southern Presbyterian HemLd: One of the results of the Doshisha revival missionary in Nanking, China, is has been the approach of twenty of the most active and influential students in the using to goo~ advantage the time which he is being forced to spend non-Christian Law Department to Rev..and as a refugee in Korea. Soon after Mrs. Samuel C. Bartlett, (veteran Amencan Board missionaries), fo! . de~nite concen- his arrival in Kwang.iu he made the acquaintance of several Chinese, of trated teaching of ChrIstlamty, avowedly whom there are hundreds in that city, and now he has secured four places with the purpose of becoming Christians if where he holds meetings each week. He says: they conscientiously can. "I want to be Our aim is to get the work among the bdoaptsioze~do"wsaiId the leader, "bnt if I should Chinese on as good a basis as possible while would be lying to God."

Another me;"ber of this group is the grand- son of a close friend of Neesima's. These students have held aloof, for the most part, from Mr. Hori's movement. A group of

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

we are detained here; then have one or two We have a good chapel, which was built Chinese evangelists take charge of it, with as a memorial to the two children of Mr. an annual visit of a missionary from China. and Mrs. A. R. Saunders who died in the This plan meets the hearty approval of our Boxer uprising. Our evangelist, Mr. Uang, Korean missionary brethren. The Chinese is the son of one of the early Christians in this part of Korea have been entirely who had threE; sons killed by the Boxers. neglected on account of difficulty of lan- Mr. Uang is an untiring worker and much guage. Very few of them have learned to beloved by the church members. Our Bible speak Korean, and those that have some woman was brought to the Lord twenty· knowledge of the language can understand eight years ago by a young woman in our only business terminology. The Chinese Mission who suffered martyrdom in 1900. here are very friendly and seem to be more We thank God for the privilege of working (jpeu to the gospel message than they are with the deacons of this church. Deacon in their own country. Of course our work Lui is over eighty. He is still very zealous among them is purely evangelistic, without in preaching the Gospel in the villages surany plan for other kinds of work. rounding his home. He is ever ready to go out on the evangelistic tours, providing CHINA AND TIBET his own expenses, carrying his bedding, and doing a ten-mile walk a day. News from Chinese Colleges Church Activitie. in Paoting T HE reopening of Nanking Uni- versity and the way in which Gin- PAOTING, Chihli Province, his lin College is being carried on without been one of the 1p.ilitary centers foreign aid were reported in the of North China. Successive armies Augnst Review. Additional reports have taken the city and passed on. of the same nature have been received It is little wonder that city evangelby Dr. A. L. "Varnhuis, secretary of istic work has been interfered with_ the International Missionary Council, But, according to the Pres,byterian some of which read: "Shantung missionaries, there are encouraging Christian College is carrying on with new features to be recorded. A finana Chinese staff and with an enroll- cial canvass has been inaugurated. ment of about 80 students. The Uni- A woman's society for charitable versity is also carrying on the work is sewing for the hospitals, hosnital work, so that the senior year learning about the evil effects of liqin medicine is able to continue. Dr. uor and opium, and planning to. Nance and some of the Soochow Uni- support a home missionary in the versity people have returned to Soo- southern province of Yunnan. A chow. West China Union University beginning has been made in the forand a majority of the schools in mation of a mothers.' club which Szechwan Province have reopened should become a real force in exaltand are carrying on with Chinese ing the Christian home ideals of the teachers and large enrollment. The community. The new work of the buildings and equipment of Yale-in- West Suburb chapel had not pro- China, in Changsha, have not been gressed on acco1].nt of the lack of a damaged or molested in any way, suitable worker, but now Paul Wang. though the institution was closed sev- the converted prisoner, has become eral months ago." the preacher. Country work has not suffered because of the war; Rev. and Memories of Martyrs in Shansi Mrs. W. A. Mather were. rn the dis- tant country field for two months. DURING the Boxer uprising in . 1900, the largest number of The Thllme of Conversation Christian lives were lost in Shansi Province, where about 150 mission- MISS M. E. HASLAM;· of the aries and their children and several China Inland Mission, writes: hundred Chinese Christians. were put "It has been such a joy to go-to the to death. 'From Pingyao, an old and homes of whole families, who have put conservative city in Shansi, Mrs. W_ away their objects of worship anjj put F. H. Briscoe writes in China'g Mil- up-tracts and scripture textl'/ in th!.!ir Uons: p~~)and have~(w,aise; l)!1l;vi(lEl ~;JJ

the rooms where heaven, earth and made journeys over the Tibetan ancestors, to say nothing of idols, Border and, thanks to our band of have been worshipped for so many Chinese fellow-workers, we were welyears. There are ten whole families comed into Tibetan tents and among who have come right out for the LoRD the Tibetan people. When we met in tliis little place, and most of them Mongols we had an equally warm either directlv or indirectly through reception. We found hearts extraorthe sorcerer who was converted dinarily prepared for the message through reading a gospel portion we had to give them. . . . We found which he purchased from Mr. Hay- men and women who had spent the man some four or five years ago. The best years of their lives in practising people are such simple country folk, discipline of the body, seeking the and the one theme of conversation on remission of sins." the little street is JESUS." INDIA AND SIAM Selling Bibles in Manchuria A Moslem Convert's Testimony DURING the past year the British and Foreign Bible Society sold AN AUSTRALIAN representative 410,597 portions, Bibles, and Testa- of the Church Missionary Soments, against 294,454 in the preced- ciety writes from Multan, in the Puning year. There are thirty-six Chinese jab, of a recent convert from Islam colporteurs and one Korean at work. named Samuel: "He went out on an The success of the Society has been evangelistic tour lasting eleven days, due in a large measure to the position during which he sold more gospels of Manchuria, which is, to a consider- than any of the other four workers, able extent, politically and geograph- three of whom had each had over ically detached from the rest of fifteen years' experience in that work. China. The Soviet Government has He walked on an average eleven miles attempted to hinder the circulation of a day, and always wore a smile. . . . the Scriptures in Manchuria, but has In the town where he had gone to not succeeded in its purpose. Though school some acquaintances took him the travelling representative of the into the bazaar for a discussion. A Society (who works among the Rus- maulvi seated among them remarked, sians in Manchuria) has met with 'Was your fatner a fool li,ving a persecution from the Soviet repre- Moslem all his life, and your relatives sentatives, a large number of Rus- -and of them all you only are sians in the country welcome the wise?' Samuel simply explained Scriptures in their own language and that as a Moslem his faith had been are glad to buy copies. in Mohammed who confessed that he was a sinner. As a Christian he be- The Gospel in Central Asia lieved that Jesus Christ has given us salvation, and was able to give it A T THE annual meeting of the because He was the Sinless One. China Inland Mission Miss Mild- Mohammed could never do that." red Cable described a trip which she and certain associates had taken into The God Under the Stones Central Asia. She said: "We made the base of our operations in the city MRS. F. O. CONSER writes from of Suchow, Kansu, the last town in- Sangli, Western India: " .A. side the Great Wall of China, an festival gives but added opportunity extraordinarily valuable point as a for reminding the people of the utter strategic base for missionary work. uselessness of their idols; so, while We there found, beside the Chinese the sacred snake is being painted on population, Mongols, Tibetans, Rus- the house wall during one festival, and sians and Turki, and we were able to little clay idols being installed in the p:re!wh the Gospel of JESUS CHRIST home during another, we sit on a log to all these people. From there we or a stone or the edge of the verandah and show the women of the home a

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

better Way and many a one nods her series of Indian studies, wherein head and says, 'It is all true. What Christianity will be approached from can the idols do for us?' An interest- the Indian viewpoint; and an exam- ing incident happened the other day ination made of the fundamentals of in this connection. Passing through a Christianity. The first of these was village, followed by a friendly crowd, by Dr. Appasamy himself. "Chris- we stopped at a small wayside altar, tianity as Bhakti Maif'ga"-a study the god being represented by four of the J ohannine dotrine of love- flat stones decorated with red paint. was an attempt to expound the inner We said, 'There is no god here. These meaning of the Gospel and Epistles are only stones.' 'Oh,' said a man, of St. John in the light of Indian 'the god is underneath.' We prompt- bhakti thought. The second of the ly lifted one of the stones to discover series has now appeared under the beneath it three large, hibernating arresting title, "Jesus the Avatar." frogs, whereupon a great laugh went The author of the book is Mr. V. up from the crowd, in which we all Chakkarai,formerly editor of The Christian Patriot; or Madras. The joined." . book is, in the author's own words, "Killing by Purdah Gas" the outcome of a recognition "that T HIS expression was used in a re- the religious genius of India must markable speech on the status of form the background of Indian Chris- Moslem women delivered by Mrs. R. tianity." It is a deliberate attempt S. Hossein at the Bengal 'Women's to examine the doctrine of the divin- Educational Conference. Mrs. Hos- ity of Christ in the light of Indian sein referred to the "utter neglect, religious thought. It is an attempt indifference and ungenerous be- to interpret in the language or Indian havior" of Mohammedans to their philosophY the Church's experience women-folk. "I find," she said, of the Derson Jesus with the aid of "that Mohammedans are anxious to the author's own exnerience of His sacrifice their lives in the name of power and presence and on the basis Islam, or for insult to a broken stone of the author's own devotion to Him.

of a mosque, but our sisters within the purdah are slowly dying a pain- Organizing Christian Villages less death due to purdah gas ….. . T HE Presbyterian Church of New There haR been a great stir in dif- Zealand is at work in the Punjab, ferent Hindu societies for the uplift and R,ev. J. L. Gray writes: "In the of their women, who were hitherto last few years hundreds of the out- shut up in the zenana. In this. re- castes in ·our district have been bapspect the Madras women have made tized…. We have now Christians in a great advance. This year Madras probably fifty villages. Our problem has elected a woman as Deputy Presi- is how to provide for their needs. In dent of its Provincial Council. Re- at least a dozen of the villages the cently, a woman in Riangoon has been shrine has been levelled to the called to the bar. The name of the ground. That is a final test of the Parsee woman barrister, Miss Sorabji, is known to you all. But what about sincerity of the community in its de- Mohammedan women ~ They are still sire to become Christian. Weare where they were!" Mrs Hossein con- feeling increasingly that any work cluded her speech by giving statistics among these villagers must follow the on illiteracy in India. lines of their own Indian organiza- tion. Thus we are seeking to find Jeous the "Avatar" for India men who will act as the headmen or chaudris of the Christian community.

T HE Christian Literature Society It is One of our most important taskS', for India have planned, under the in which we have as yet only made editorship of Dr. A. J. Appasamy, a a beginning, to look out men of

leadership and of trust to discharge of eighteen before smoking. The this duty. Our idea is to train them scout had to set an example."

for the eldership, and by their help to establish small community churches THE NEAR EAST in these centers. Recently there has Religious C'hanges in Turkey M been quite a wave of persecution of ANY indications not only of the Westernization of Turkey but the outcaste Christians by Hindu and MosleU} landholders." also of the drift of the present Turk- Serious Situa.tion in Ceylon ish Government away from Islam have been reported from time to time T HE Ceylon and India General in the Review. Word has recently Mission, an English society which come of a government ruling against has branches in both the United the hojas – superstitious, fanatical States and Canada, reports: "In priests, doctors, and fortune tellers, Ceylon intensified Buddhist opposi- who lived upon the credulity of the tion, such as missionaries of forty country people of Turkey. Visiting years' experience in the island have these men, or hanging bits of cloth pev(rpreviously encountered, con- upon certain trees growing in sup- posedly sacred spots, has been protmfneuhetsi.s', The slogan of this new move- hibited by Kemal Pasha. Any priest 'Every.Buddhist child in a Buddhist school,' and .the means em- 'now must be a graduate of a theoployed to. accomplish this .end are logical school before he can practice both' subtle and cruel. The very ex- his profession. Another change is istence of practically all Christian thus described in a report from Coneducational institutions is at stake, stantinople to the New York Times: and the authorities are powerless to The Government has come to a decision help. Our missionaries are staying that there are too many mosques in Turkey, their hearts upon the word, 'The involving an expensive upkeep, and intends battle is not yours but God's.' " to convert all of the surplus religious build· ing-s into public schools. Only the large and important mosques will be maintained Sia:mese King Advises Boy Scouts for the purpose of worship. Since the crea- tion of the Republic all mosques and reo K ING PRACHATIPOK of Siam is ligious foundations have become state prop- president of the national Boy erty.

Scout movement. The Times of Bang- Varied Activities in Beirut kok describes as "a fatherly talk" an address recently made by the King STUART DODGE JESSUP writes from Syria: "An attempt to tell to the Boy Scouts of that city, and says of it: "Each boy was exhorted of the personnel and varied activities to keep high the standard of the na- of Beirut station would produce sometional ide'tls, to respect the national thing of the effect of a kaleidoseope, faith, to be friendlY and helpful to if I read off the names of foreign and his neighbors. and to fit himself to national workers, with a glimpse of plav a man's part later in life. their work in churches, preaching as Bodily fitness should be aimed at as centers, Christian Endeavor societies, well mental. In that connection Sunday-schools, public reading rooms, the king went on to condemn roundly the Press, the N eshra (religious week- the consumption of alcohol by young ly paper), treasury and banking person!';. and said that even in the department, Hamlin Memorial Sana- ca!;e of adults it was of doubtful torium, and our eight schools and va'lllc. A gain. a cigarette is truly a their thousand students…… Sunday !f}niill matter. but for the sake of their morning, the compound and chureh- lJOllIlv'strength smoking is a hR bit to yard present an inspiring sight as the l)ei'ji.voidpd' bv YOUDe- peonle. It was hundreds of people gather for various better. therefore. His Majesty said, 'services. Preaching is carried on in to wait till they had reached the age four languages: Arabic, Armenian,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Turkish and English. The church and convert was flogged almost to death Memorial Hall each have to do duty on a false charge, but he has not twice every morning; the total num- given up his new faith. Another was ber ·of those who attend must often threatened with arrest and punishbe close to 2,000 and, except in the ment for circulating Christian literahottest summer months, rarely falls ture, but he bravely brought out some below 1,500. Church services are held of the strongest apologetics for Chrison Sunday in four other points in the tianity and read all night to his ac- cusers till they became most friendly. city. " Another convert moved to Senneh, the capital of Kurdistan, and in that St.udents at Baalbek fanatical city dared to preach in the name of Christ before the door of T HE eighth annual Christian Stu- the mosque; a storm of opposition dents Conference at Baalbek, arose and he was repeatedly warned Syria, April 20-24, was attended by to turn back to Islam or he would be five of the older orphans in the care torn to pieces, but he is still holding of Near East Relief at Antilyas. on in the face of such threats. They brought back glowing accounts and have been spreading its message Colporteurs Attacked in Nejf to other groups of boys and girls in their vicinity. The conferences are TWO cities in Iraq, Kerbela imd similar to the religious institutes in Nejf, are as holy as Mecca to America, adapted to the needs of the Shi 'ah Moslems. In these two strong- Near East. Among the eighty-two holds of Islam no missionary has delegates who attended were Ameri- settled, and but seldom have they cans, Syrians, Palestinians, Iraqians, been visited by missionaries. Bible Armenians, Abyssinians, a German, Society colporteurs, r.~wever, have a Moslem Egyptian and a Tanganyi- sold many books in s"pite of great opkan. Most of them are of that small position. The experience in Nejf of favored group that has found a way two of these devoted men is thus told to an education and are now in one by one of them in The Bible and the of thb high schools or colleges of their W01'ld: countries. After prayer together we went into the One Near East Relief orphan who bazaar, and almost immediately the people attended reported as. follows: began to say, "These infidels have come again with their books," and they cursed All my personal benefits received at the us freely. Soon we met a sayyid and he conference may be summed up in my new said, "0 inndels, did we not say to you vision of Jesus' way of life. In the first last year not to come here again to pollute place, the body is not the enemy of the our holy city and to lead Muslims astray' spirit, but it is the temple of God and To us yonr death is lawful and we will let hence good and sacred. Secondly, Jesus you understand this by beating and cursing would not, under any circumstances, prevent you." We spoke gently in reply, and by anyone from the stndy of science·truth, for careful conduct managed to work quietly fear of its irreligious influence. Thirdly, throughout the day. The next day a crowd I came to realize that mutual confidence, gathererr and began to strike us with stones lowliness, readiness to serve and greater and sticks, happily driving us in the direcappreciation of spiritual rather than ma- tion of the police-station. The police came terial things can alone bring about coopera- out and saved us from their hands. ., y tion in the life of nations as individuals and as members of the family of nations.

Heroes of the Faith AFRICA AYOUNG mullah (Moslem teacher) Proofs Sent by Aeroplane in Kermanshah, openly declared the superiority of the Sermon on the ARTHUR T. UPSON, Director of Mount to the Koran and was. banished the Nile Mission Press, made a from the country. He has now found striking address at the annual meethis way to another city to continue ing, in the course of which he '!'laid: his witness for Christ. One village "The Nile Mission Press is. modern to the last degree without being(,ill0d.ern-

ist-if you can distinguish between urgency of this work is great for two the two. If there is a new invention reasons, the first being that the Mo- 'we can have, we have it. I am proud hammedans are increasing in power Uf being modern, and send my proofs in these neglected areas, and having by aeroplane, which is being up-to- something which seems on the surface &:tte. We move with the times. In to be superior to what these tree- other words, the slogan for 1928, is to worshipping or devil-worshipping he ' OIdinessage; new methods. New people possess, are having a good methods, old message.' … The Press measure of success. The second rea- is printing a good deal of Persian; son is that these areas are still the some seven or eight tracts have al- prey of the slave-raider and gun- ready been done in that language. runner, and because they are thus Instead of sending our letters down isolated and far from government the Red Sea, and over the mountains they have become the refuge of all we send them by airmail. The Com- sorts of sin and wrongdoing, that mittee have approved in principle nothing in the world can clean up but that we should do some work on the the Gospel of Jesus Christ. A chain Persian Gulf, but we have not the of mission stations along these fron- man, nor the funds." tiers would do more to stop the slave- raiding' and kindred evils than an act Opportunities in Algiers of Parliament. This is not my opin- MISS I. LILIAS TROTTER, in an ion alone. but it is concurred in by earnest appeal for men recruits every British· official I have spoken for Algiers, writes thus of the oppor- to in the country."

tunities which await them: "It would have seemed a dream a few years ago Bible Students in the Congo R to see things that we see now-the EPORTS from several sources of the interest which Congo Chrisreadiness to listen, to buy our books and to weigh evidence, even a cry of tians are taking in Bible study are utter dissatisfaction let out now and summarized in the Congo Mission then over their dead creed and its News. In one station a card printed dead prophet; better still is the rumor in French and Kiluba is used, which of knots of secret inquirers gathering gives daily Bible readings for the to read together the Scriptures and year. The missionary in charge, Dr.

any Christian literature that comes Hoyte, points out that all read the their way…. They are of all kinds, indicated portion each day, and each these natives, and therefore needing Christian has a notebook in which he men of all kinds to deal with them. eODies down the verse that strikes him Even in the tiny handful of men con- most in the day's reading. Weekly verts around us in the Algiers Mis- all meet together to read and study sion Band we have types as widely that day's portion. and Dr. Boyte divergent as a young fellow from the looks through their notebooks and mountains out west, who has given up comments on the quotations. From in de~nair his labored plodding over ]{utoto comes the report of a contest the alphabet, on to the last recruits, in Scripture recitation. The boy who well read student-lads from the south. won first nlace recited 677 verses.

Rut the making- of Christ's workmen The one who did second best recited is in them all." for an hour and three minutes, doing 564 verses. The third boy recited 'DR. Ab7ssinian Frontiers Mission 392 verses. TOM LAMBIE, formerly of . the United Presbyterian Mission Transiorm.ed Malagasy Women T in Abyssinia, whose connection with HAT there is no land in which the Gospel has so changed the this new organization was referred to in the June Review, writes: "The status of women as in Madagascar is

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the opinion of Miss Margaret Gale, seven to one against Sunday cinemas.

.of the London Missionary Society, The Evening News confesses to much who says that the women are the surprise at the overwhelming major- backbone of the Malagasy Church. ity in favor of the maintenance of By contrast she thus describes their the English· Sunday, and contends condition as heathen: "The woman is that municipal councils ought not to the slave of her husband, one of sev- ignore the strong sentiment to which eral, and very little more important the vote gives evidence, and that ad- than the oxen. As long as she can vocates of the introduction of the work, he will support her, but when continental Sunday will now know she can work no longer, she is cast that the voice of the people is against aside as a useless, garment. She is them. It is believed that a similar driven out then, and just goes from sentiment to that expressed in Man- village to village fighting for the ref- chester prevails in other parts of the use with the village dogs, and finally country.-The New Outlook.

lies down and dies with no one to ·pity or help." Scottish Chul'ehes to Unite T Miss Gale thus summarizes the HE union of the Church of Scot- land and the United Free Church story: of Scotland, which was referred to The word "without" mieht be written in the February REVIEW, has now aeross the Hfe' of the heathen Malagasy woman-girlhood without innocence; woo been voted by the Assemblies of the manhood without honor; marriage without two bodies, though the Christian love; motherhood without joy; sorrow with· Wodd (London) predicts that about out a Burden Bearer; sickness without succor; death without hope of a beyond. one sixth of the United Free Church will break away, and probably retain EUROPE the name of the United Free Church.

Sunday Amusements in Engla.nd The church formed by the union will bear the historic name of the Church I N ORDER to test the feelings of its of Scotland. During the discussion constituency on this Question the it was stated that the United Original Ma.nchester Evening News issued Secesf>ion Church had been considervoting papers in a recent number, and ing the matter, and had found the in addition provided the cinemas position now reached by the Church (moving picture houses) and the of Scotland one which had entirely churches of the city with copies of satisfied the claims on which it had the voting-sheet. The questions sub- hitherto kept apart from that church, mitted ran: (1) Are you in favor of and that probably it would be pre- Sunday games in public parks at pared to join in the united church. times not interfering with the hours of divine worship? (2) Are you in One of the principal arguments. for favor of the opening of cinemas. on union presented to the Assembly of Sunday after the hours of divine wor- the United Free Church of Scotland ship? In filling UD his sheet every is thus summarized: voter had to give his name and ad- A redistribu tion of forces is needed to dress. otherwise his paper was dis- avoid overlapping in some districts, and on qualified. Nearly a quarter of a the other hand to provide for the religious million naners were sent in. They needs of some of the teeming eenters of produced this surprising result: after population in the industrial areas. Some dedncting spoilt papers, out of up- rather striking- figures were given in this wards of 231).000 votes cast. only connection. Some districts in the north, 37.609 were in favor of Sunday where the population had diminished in the games, and 30.028 in favor of the la8t twenty-five vears by something like opening cinemas. That is to say, the forty ]JeT cent. still retainl)d the .aml) numvoting was more than five to one ber of churches, and those very sDarsely against Sunday games and nearly attended, whereas in West Fife and other parts the ]Jopulation had multiplied four times in the same period, yet no new churches had been built.

Irish Colportage Association The total number of communicants THIS organization of the General at the time of the census was about Assembly of the Presbyterian 40,000,000 Protestants, 20,000,000 Church in Ireland reports "a year Catholics and 564,000 Jews.

of remarkable success." The report continues: "While we rejoice in the Amusements in Germany S work of spreading healthy literature, UPPLEMENTING the recent law suppressing obscene and trashy especially the Scriptures, throughout Ireland in Protestant and Roman books the Reichstag is now consider- Catholic homes alike, yet our great ing a similar decree to protect youth task is the circulation of the Word of from danger to morals through God among our Roman Catholic drama, dancing and other amuse- fellow-countrymen, and never had we ments.

greater reason for thanksgiving than 'Che measure prohibits persons at the present time. During the year under eighteen years of age attending 52,520 Roman Catholic homes were dances or amateur shows in their own visited, 18.352 for the first time; and home, if the shows are judged to be in these 25,800 sales were made, of detrimental to their moral well-being which ]4,772 were Scriptures in and the police are authorized to dis- whole or part. In these homes visited regard the old idea that a man's home our colporteU1;s held 17,000 religious is his castle and enter it if they deem conversations, read the Scriptures in such action necessary.

5,759, and prayed in 486. The unanimous testimony of our agents is Y. M. C. A. Teaches Russians by Mail S that the people are more accessible EVEN thousand Russians in ail parts of the world are enrolled than two years ago." with the mail correspondence courses Church Menabership in Germany offered by the Russian Young Men's WHILE the number or German Christian Association through its church members has increased Paris headquarters. YQung Russian during the last fifteen years, the percentage of the populatiQn professing exiles. to the number of 438, have rereligion has dropped. According to ceived diplomas for correspondence an official report compiled from the courses and are now established in last census, the adherents of the two business. Twelve Russian teachers principal religions in 1925 repre- handle the lessons. Some of their sented only 96.5 per cent of the pupils are in America. A number population or 62,400,000, against 98.3 are with the French Foreign Legion, per cent. in 1910. In the opinion or and are wntinuing their studies while on war duty.

a correspondent of the New York Times, who gives these figures, the Atnens School of Religion T decrease is due to the fact that many IlE graduates and former stu- Protestants and Catholics have re- dents of the School or Religion at nounced connection with religious Athens are n()w working in every bodies in order to escape the payment country bordering the Eastern Med- of the mandatory church taxes. The iterranean. One is in Kessab, Syria, movement is especially strong in Ber- serving a community of seven lin, where the number or people not churches; another is teacher of Bible belonging to any church increased in the Samokov Girls' Gymnasium, from 63.000 in 19<10 to 353,000 in Bulgaria; others are filling the fol- ] 925. Growth of the socalled Free lowing positions: director of com- Thinkers is still more pronounced in munity-religious work at Sliven, Saxony, where their number jumped Bulgaria; the faculty of the Ameri- from 4.000 to 272,000, an increase of can College, Salonika; work among more than 4,000 per cent.. the RUBsians in Lyons, France; Y. M.

C. A. work for the boys of Constanti- to bear testimony to their faith. nople; associate pastor of the Camp Senor Mendoza and his wife have re- Church, Aleppo, Syria; director of cently opened work in a new village. Young People's work in refugee With a smile, that bespeaks much for camps; pastor of two churches at the future, he tells how they are Bitias in the vicinity of ancient barred from every home in the vil- Antioch, Syria; pastor of church of lage, and how the people run when Cairo, Egypt; women in three of the they have to pass his house. But five Refugee Settlements in and about they are not discouraged and know Athens; supervisor of playground that it is only a matter of time until doors will begin to open." activities and giving Bible lessons among the Greek boys.

ERNEST PYE, President. Soldiers in Chile Transformed LATIN AMERICA I N THE opinion of William M. Chilean Women Help Prisoners Strong, who writes from the city of Concepcion, Chile is open to the T HE humanitarian department of Gospel as it never has been before. the Chilean League of Presbyter- He says: "The new dictator has ian Women visits the penitentiary in taken away the salaries of the chap- Santiago carrying sandwiches and re- lains of the regiments and jails. We ligious tracts: Gospel meetings are have a glorious opportunity to preach held for the convicts who, from be- the Gospel in these places. The hind their bars, receive bread, tracts writer has had the blessed privilege and gospel message with equal eager- of preaching the strai~ht Gospel to ness and gratitude. Some members regiment after regiment ordered to of the league have adopted each one attend the service by the commanding a different convict. She tries to keep officer in charge, and several times we in touch with him in every way by have been accorded the privilege of visiting him in the prison, and talk- placing in the hands of each man a ing to him of his people, writing him copy of the Gosnel of St. John." Mr. letters, telling him of the love and Strong tells this incident: fDrgiveness which Christ offers to us The other day a group of officers were all, sending him clothes and if by talking together of the evanqelistas in Chile. chance his term expires and he is re- One man, a colonel of an artillery regiment, leased inviting him to the church and spoke UP and said: "I wish to say one doing all she can in every way to thing ri.,ht here, and that is that a while lend him a helping hand. ,,,ro we had a man come down the coast into our band, and he began to attend the Zealous Venezuelan Christians Protestant chapel in the town. Soon he beg-an to bring other companions to the SOME new Presbyterian missionar- same place. Then a wonderful thing- began ies in Venezuela write as follows to happen. Formerly our punishment sheets of the impression made upon them by were full, but the influence of the religious the national Christian workers: "It meetings in the little chapel emptied our is not an easy life which they live, j!uard house, and the punishment sheets but their influence for good is far cleaned up. Anyway. I shall do all in my greater than their numbers. Their power for these people that are helping our hDnesty and reliability make them soldiers. " sought after for many lines of work. Their evangelistic spirit spreads the Mexican Law Defines a Minister AREPRESENTATIVE of the Southern Presbyterian Church Word wherever they go. The chauf- writes from Zitacuaro, Mexico: "The feur who drove us to visit a neigh- reli gious laws have been liberalized borin!! mission the other day, not in one important particular. To exlmowing us, inquired of one of the ercise the ministry one must be a group if she were a believer in Christ. Mexican by birth, but article eight Such is their willingness in daily life of the regulations states' that for the

effects of this law it is considered The representatives believe the that a person exercises the functions work of the church year should be of a minister of a creed when he planned well in advance and should executes acts which the rulers of each have in it two major movements. religious organization reserve to especially determined persons, in- (J) A fall program with a chmeh rally, vested with priestly character.' In the Presbyterian Church, for ex- and a program of activities continuing ample, practically the only acts reserved to the ordained minister are through the fall months with special emofficiating in the sacraments, performing the marriage ceremony, and phasis on church attendance, care of absenserving as pastor of a church. The pulpit is open to laymen.' Therefore tees, church publicity, Rnd membership in the application of this law, while strictly ministerial functions must be enlistment. reserved to the Mexican brethren, a great deal of liberty is allowed the (2) A pre-Easter or Lenten program beforeigner in the public presentation of the Gospel message, and very little gjnning early in the new year and includrestriction is felt." ing: , NORTH AMERICA 1. A careful cultivation of the devotional Interdenominational Evangelism life of the people. REPRESENTATIVES in the field of evangelism, of various bodies 2. A deiinite program of religious inin the Federal Council's Commission met at Northfield, Mass., June 22-24, struction by the pastor for the young. and agreed to promote the following general program of Evangelism for 3. The enlistment and training of a body the season September 192:7 to June 1928. of witnesses for Christ to do personal work The churches of Canada, the Y. M. in the ingathering of new members. C. A., the Y. W. C. A. and other organizations are invited to join in Pastors are urged to consider their this plan oj' work for the church peculiar responsibility for tlie reyear. ligious training of their young people in catechetical classes and to en- "Many churches and related list and train consecrated laymen and bodies are planning to give special laywomen as witnesses for Christ.. attention to a careful study of the Life of our Lord Jesus Christ during Losses in CHurch Membership the next three years in memory of the corresponding three years of His DR. H. K. CARROLL, acting as public ministry approximately nine- secretary of a special committee, teen centuries ago. This is a favor- has brought before representatives of able opportunity to call upon all the principal denominations in the people to give themselves with re- United States statistics which show newed consecration to the study of that in thirteen communions with a His life and with wholehearted de- grand total of 15,160,170 members, termination to bring the knowledge the losses aggregate 268,065. As the of our Lord and His saving grace to total of evangelical membership is upmultitudes that know Him not, and ward of 29,000,000, the total yearly to learn how His way of life may loss, if other communions besides the become operative in all the areas of thi.rteen were included, would aphuman relationships in our modern proximate about 500,000. Dr. Carron world. " offers as explanations of this state of affairs, first, the extensive pruning of church rolls which has been going on, "growing out of the large migration of families and individuals from com· munities in one part of the country to communities in other parts. The letter system, intended to move memo bership from one church to another, is evidently failing of its purpose. Moreover, members seem to have less regard for the obligations of church membership than ever before, and if they take letters at all, fail even to present them to the pastors of the churches to whom they are addressed. Even a few weeks of ri.eglect in

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

church attendance breeds a habit of same relations to the General Board staying at home, so letters are not and the National CounciL" These presented, and individuals and fam- recommendations have been una~­ ilies in a little while are lost to church mously adopted by the General Board worship and church support and of the National Council, and the church activity." resignations referred to have been withdrawn. The plan must yet be Board Claims No Indemnity confirmed by the National Council of Student Associations at its annual T IlE Board of 'Foreign Missions meeting in September, and by the of the Presbyterian Church in the Y. M. C. A. National Council at its U. S. A. has given out the following meeting in October. Dr. John R. statement with regard to the pos- Mott sees in the pres.ent situation" an sibility of claim by the American inspiring opportunity of binding the Government for indemnity from the Student Movement more closely than Government of China in connection ever to the Association Brotherhood with the death by violence of the Rev. and making it a vastly greater power John E. Williams, D.D., at Nanking, within the Association at home and China. abroad."

Inasmuch as Dr. Williams was a reg· GENERAL ularly appointed missionary of the Presby· terian Board of. Foreign Missions, and as World Friendships for Boys the Board and the enterprise which it rep· resents would be indirectly affected by any T HE International Y. M. C. A. claim for indemnity on account of his death, Congress, held at Helsingfors, we call attention to the historic policy of Finland, last year, gave an unusually the Board regarding this question. The large place to boys. The program for Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions has promoting friendship among the boys never requested nor accepted indemnity for of the world, carried on largely under the death of any missionary, and it is fully the leadership of John A. Van Dis, convinced that, in the case of Dr. Williams, has this year had new features, in it should adhere to this long·established which the group of twenty-one practice. The Board has in mind not only American boys, representing all parts those essential principles which inhere in of the United States, have been privithe motive and aim of missionary service, leged to share. 'For five days early but also the welfare of the Christian cause in July an international camp for in the place where violence occurs, especially older boys was held in the Royal as experience shows that indemnities are Forest of Windsor Castle, England, usually collected from innocent people in in which boys from about twenty the local community. countries were the guests of His Majesty, King George. From July Students and the Y. M. C. A. 10th to 17th the first international Y. M. C. A. athletic championship SINCE the Y. M. C. A. at its na· contest was conducted in Copenhagen, tional convention in 1924 adopted under the patronage of the King of a new constitution, which increased Denmark. For several days during the powers of state committees and August the boys were in camp near secretaries with reference to student Budapest. work, there has been increasing friction between the Student Department Tenth World's S. S. Convention and the organization as a whole. This culminated in the resignation of the THIS gathering is to meet in Los National Student Committee and its Angeles July 11th to 18th, 1928. General Secretary, David R. Porter. Only twice before has there been a A committee appointed to study the convention of this kind held in the situation made several recommenda- United States. The second was held tions, the chief of which provided for in St. Louis in 1893 and the sixth in the establishment of "a division of Washington, D. C., in 1910. London, National Student Work on a parity with the Home, Personnel, and Foreign Divisions and sustaining the

England, entertained this assemblage for future conventions. Fifty-four twice, first in 1889 and second in 1898. nations were represented at the last Other world conventions for Sunday- WorId 's Sunday School Convention school workers were held as follows: Jerusalem, 1904; Rome, 1907; Zurich, held in Glasgow, 1924, and a larger number will be in attendance at Los 1913; Tokyo, 1920 and Glasgow, Angeles. Committees are now at work 1924. Invitations have come from building the program and securing South America, South Africa, delegations from the nations of every Australia, Egypt, Asia and Europe continent.

Answers to Questions on Page 699 1. Francis Xavier, the Jesuit missionary, who landed at Kagoshima on August 15, 1549.

2. About 230 years. 3. Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry of the United States Navy, brother of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, the hero of Lake Erie. 4. "Before Jehovah's Awful Throne," sung to the tune "Old Hundred." 5. Thl! Rev. John Liggins and the Rev. Channing Moore Williams (afterwards BishDp) of the Protestant Episcopal Church, both of whom arrived some weeks before July 4, 1859, when Japan was officially open to foreigners. 6. Warnings to the Japanese not to become Christians and to Christians "not to be so bold as to come to Japan so long as the sun warms the earth." 7. March 10, 1872, in Yokohama. 8. Dr. James Curtis Hepburn, first missionary of the Presbyterian Church to Japan and also first medical missionary to Japan. 9. Dr. Guido Verbeck, pioneer missionary Df the Reformed Church in America. 10. Dr. Samuel Robbins Brown, pioneer missionary of the Reformed Church in America. 11. The jinricksha or "man-power-cart" now used universally in Japan and, to some extent, throughout the Orient. 12. After accumulating for more than forty years, it was used to send Dr. Samuel Crosby Greene, first missionary of the American Board (Congregational) to Japan.

13. Captain Bickel was an evangelist of the American Baptist Missionary Society who toured among the islands of the Inland Sea in Fukuin Maru and preached the Gospel to the island folk.

14. The R,ev. Paul Kanamori, the Japanese evangelist. 15.. Dr. Joseph Hardy Neesima, founder and first president of the Doshisha, the Christian college of the American Board at Kyoto. 16. Chosen. '17. Dr. John Ross, missionary of the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland to Manchuria. 18. The Hon. Horace N. Allen, M.D., first resident missionary to Korea and afterwards United States minister to Korea. 19. Dr. Horace Grant Underwood, missionary of the Presbyterian Church to Korea and brother of Mr. John T. Underwood of the Underwood Typewriter Company. 20. The winning of one or more souls to Christ.

I&.THE MXSSJrONARY LJIlBURARY ~

p£J!!: tl!!3 ~ "ikAJ" 'UVG """iAki' D'VU,000 vvu· ·OVD'

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.- THE REVIEW.

Chinese Altars to the Unknown God. John unfitted for the purpose for which it C. DeRome. IIlus. 139 pp. $1.40. Grand Rapids, Mich. 1926. was written.-K. S. L.

This little book is the outgrowth of Echoes and Memories. Bramwell Booth. missionary experience in China and Frontispiece, vii, 223 pp. $2.00. New of fairly extensive reading. The York. 1925.

material is rearranged and augmented While this is not a biography of the from that given in a series of lectures author's famous father and mother, delivered at Calvin College and Theo- they are brought into the record in a logical Seminary during November, very telling way. There is nothing 1925 and March 1926. It is not a about the Salvation Army since Bram- fresh contribution to our knowledge well Booth became its leader, but we of the religions of China, but rather see here the development of that great attempts to put in popular form what force for righteousness as it came into is already available elsewhere. The being on English soil, under General purpose is missionary-to show the and Mrs. William Booth. Any who proper approach of the Christian who have known only its record in America would seek to win to his faith the will be interested in the reasons for adherents of these other religions. certain peculiarities of its doctrine On the whole the attitude of the and discipline, the Army's position as volume is sympathetic to the religions regards the Sacraments which has described. The author endeavors to often proved a strong objection to it, see the good as well as the bad in the and the large use of women in its older systems of China. He is clear, ministry.

however, that "in Christ dwelleth the But aside from the Army itself fullness of the Godhead bodily, that General Bramwell Booth came into Jesus Christ is the Light of the world close contact with scores of the lead- and its only Light." The book has ing men of affairs and of the ec- some serious imperfections. It is clesiastical and literary world of the vague in its description of Taoism. past half century, of whose interest- Its author seems unaware that Lao ing personalities he gives an intimate Tze may never have existed and tells inside view. It is gratifying to have . the story of the visit of Confucius to a satisfactory explanation of William him as though it were certainly Stead and General Booth himself in authentic. Nothing, moreover, is said the once famous abduction suit, an of Islam in China. In trying to prove explanation which removes every the uniqueness and finality of the vestige of blame from these two men Christ revelation the author confines in their efforts to expose one of the himself chiefly to the claims of the greatest evils of the British metrop- Bible for itself and for Christ, a olis.

procedure which he would scarcely The chapters upon "Signs and permit in another religion. He would Wonders,"" The Founder and the not for example, accept as conclusive Bishops, ') "Stories of the Army's the testimony of the Koran as to the Treasury," "Glimpses of Statesmen, "

place of Islam. The book has a de- and the illuminating biographical lightful style and on the whole is not chapter" Purely Personal," are es- 719

pecially interesting. The whole Christ an,:! Money. Hugh A. Martin. 110 volume is one of the best expositions pp. $1.00. New York.

of the Salvation Army that we have This is a thoughtful study in five seen, and for interest does not fall chapters. The first, "The Value of far short of Harold Begbie's bi- Money," shows that only that is truly ography of the Founder. Criticisms owned which is transmitted from its give way to profound respect and material form and appropriated by heartfelt godspeeds are elicited in- the soul itself. As to the teaching of stead of condemnation. It is to be Jesus in relation to money, there are hoped that General Bramwell Booth two erroneous attitudes to avoid: that will some day write a volume narrat- of glorifying poverty as such, and that ing the history of the Army under his of treating Jesus' positions as coun- own direction, and especially with sels of perfection and hence imprac- reference to its foreign missionary ticable. It is not the amount of one's development.-H. P. B. money but the use made of it that matters. "The Rights of Property"

:Buddhism and :Bud·:lhists in J'apan. Robert chapter is a temperate but fearless Cornell Armstrong. 144 pp. $1.25. New laying bare of the evils involved in the York. 1927. amassing of wealth in the hands of the This attractive volume is the fourth few. Private property is recognized of the "World's Living Religions by society-not in virtue of a right Series" projected by the Board of inherent in the individual, but because Missionary Preparation in North it is an institution which is believed America. The writer is well known to be for the good of society as a to those interested in Japan and has whole. "It is hard to find any justito his credit several volumes dealing fication for a system which allows with the religion, education and his- great fortunes to pile up generation tory of modern Japan. after generation. "

He sketches with rapid strokes the The author believes that "The Achistory of Buddhism in Japan, de- quisitive Motive" is of greater service scribes the temples, symbols and than is generally supposed. "Discov- ery and invention would cease unless priests, and discusses the other world- men rose above the love of money." liness and the emphasis on moral betterment. Then follow interesting "Personal Expenditure" is the real chapters on the philosophical sects, test to determine whether one's view social ideals, practical sects, and final- of money is truly Christian. There ly the' Christian appeal. are too many who, as Joseph Parker The book is a readable, accurate and put it, "compound with God for a informing contribution to modern guinea when they owe Him their apologetics. The writer gives what a lives. " In acquiring, no less than in modern Japanese would say about disposing of possessions, all must ring Buddhism. He does not attempt to true to Christ's high conception of uncover the weak spots of this great stewardship. religion. The good points are clearly D. M. Moe.

set forth. At the same time the fun- NEW BOOKS damental differences between Bud- dhism and Christianity are discussed. A Study of World Evangelization. David Jenks. 168 pp. 4g. Student Christian He shows that Christianity starts Movement. London. 1926. with a personal God and an individual person and finds salvation in the The Early Spread of Christianity in India. right relation between them. Bud- A. Mingana. 82 pp. 28. Longmans. dhism, in spite of its theistic develop- London. 1926. ments, cannot quite escape the eonsequences of an impersonal world An Outline Introduction to the History of Religions. Theodore H. Robinson. 244 pp. 58. Oxford University Press. Lon- ground.-L. A. H. don. 1926.

The Missionary Review of the World — 1914 Index

8lissionary CJ?.eview

of the World VOL. XXXVII. OLD SERIES VOL. XXVII. NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor·ill.Chief, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL C. WILDER, D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON ASSOCIATE EDITORS BELLE M. BRAIN REV. D. L. LEONARD, D.D.

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS REV. S. B. ROHOLD MRs. F. M. GILBERT EDITORIAL COUNCIL J. REv. ARTHUR BROWN, D.D. REv. CHARLES R. WATSON, D.D. REv. JOHN G. FAGG, D.D. PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY REv. J. STUART HOLDEN MRS. FRANK MASON NORTH HARRY WADE HICKS MRS. WALLACE RADCLIFFE REv. LEMUEL C. BARNES, D.O. REV. FRED P. HAGGARD, D.D. W. E. DOUGHTY REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D. JOHN W. WOaD FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY NEW YORK LONDON

BY FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY Printed in til" United Stales

OF ONE VOLUME OF THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

Each year the MISSIONARY REVIEW contains the equivalent of 21 volumes. a complete library of Missions, on the history. methods, principles, and progress of MisSlons. and the lives of Missionaries and Native Converts. Each small volume would contain about 30,000 words (150 pages).

INDEX FOR 1914 MAPS AND CHARTS PAGE PAGE Africa ……………………………… 422 India, Mission Circuit in South ………….. 509 Alaska ……………………..•…….. 88 Lest we Forget. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. .. .. . . … 247 American Bap,tist Foreign Mission Fields…. 561 Madagascar …………………………. 431 Arabia, Strategic Position of Busrah .•.••..• 748 Balkan Peninsula Before and After the Wat.. 29 Mexico ……………………………… 660 Child Saved is a Soul Saved Flus a Life •.•• 857 Turkey and the World War ……………. 923 Efficiency ………………………..••.. 859 Wesleyan Members and Probationers……. 513 God so Loved the World ………………. 166 Who are the Immigrants………………. 222 Grasp of Heathenism, In the ………… , … 856 With and Without Christ. …•……..•.••• 856 World at War ………………………. 842 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE PAGE Africa, South, Islam in…………. · … • .. • 737 Ashmore Theological Seminary, Swatow, China 576 __ Moslem Mosques in Cape Colony …… 733 _ West Moslem School in Freetown •…… 411 -AssWamil,liamBap~i:t" ch~~~i' ';~d' 'B~il' 'T~~~;' ~.~ 570 African ~ Missionary Day for Children at the Nowgong ….•….••…•…..•..•…•. 581 Seashore ………………………… 371 _ Pioneer Work in Uganda, The First School – Naga, Mother and Child in ………••.. 263 in Kavirondo ………•…..•..•.•..•• 601 Rabahatchie Hotel T'ransformed into a Rail. Alaska, Dr. S. Hall Young and Government .~ road uYse.dM.feo.rA.Mo.v.i.n.~ .P.i~;~r'e~' 'a'~d' O'~t~ 807 Mail team crossing the Crow Creek Pass 517 Lawn ~ View of Juneau, Southeastern ………… 519 – View of Ruby …………..•…. · …. ·.· 521 door Entertainments .••••…………. 811 Albania, Harem of a Mohammedan Bey in Balasore, Bengal·Orissa Mission, Sinclair Or- Bavat ………………………….. 191 _ Results of Shot and Shell at Scutari …..• 189 phanage Bungalow, for Girls, at …….. 583 Albanian Government, S.ome Members of the – Orphanage, Bengal-Orissa Mission, Four Provisional …. , ..•…..• " ……….. 192 Boys Recently Baptized at…………. 573 – Highlanders at Home ……………….. 187 American Board Centenary Commission. Dr. Bedouin Boys at Home in Arabia……….. 753 Capen and the ……………………. 247 Beilia:, Mendel ………………………. 285 _ College for Girls, Constantinople, Some of Bennett, Dr. Arthur K………………… 749 the Na,tionalities of 'the……………. 729 – Frontier, Typical Scenes on the Western 801 – – starting on a Medical Tour in Arabia .. 747 Arabia, Building the Michigan House in…. 750 – Dr. Bennett Starting on a Medical Tour in 747 – i n Iava ' " ……………………… h 9SS – How they Raised the Money for ..••••••• 749 Arabian Missionaries Go, Where the…….. 753 – Society Centennial, American………… 945 Argentine, Cooking Clas. in the Y.W.C.A., Blacklead Island, Eskimo Women of …….. 489 Buenos Ayres ……………………. 337 – Members of the Young People's Society at – – Landing Place at …………………. 495 Tres Arroyos ………..••………••• 833 – – Mission Church at. ………………. 491 Burma, Cushing Memorial Buildings, Rangoon Baptist College …………………… 567 – Group of Heathen Kachins •••..•.••…… 568 – Vinton Memorial HaI!, Rangoon …….•.. 577 Butler, Mrs. William………………….. 1 -William ………………………….. IS Cairo, Egypt, New Headquarters of the Nile Mission Press in………………….. 365 PAGE PAGE California, First Protestant House of Worship Greenshield, E. W. T. . ………………. 493 in ………•…..•………….••••.• 814 Grenfell, Dr. W. T……………………. 58 Herrick, George F., of Turkey •••••••••.•.•• 881 _ Lower, Roman Catholic Church at La Paz 170 How Missionaries Utilize Surplus Material Cape Colony, Mosque in ………. · …. 736, 737 Capen, Samuel Billings …·…….. · .. ······• 241 from Home •…..•……….•….••.• 615 __ and the American Board Centenary Com· Hudson Bay, Missionary Journey with Dogs mission ………………………… . 247 and Sleds in …………………….. 487 _ _ at Sixteen, his Brother and Parents …. 247 India, Annual Meeting of the Methodist Mis- Capen's summer home at Falmouth, Mass., sion in 1863 in………………….. 17 – Baptist Chapel at Ongole, South ………. 572 Dr. Samuel B…………… ···· .. · .. · 251 – Bareilly Theological Seminary………… 19 Ceylon, Physical Culture Class of the – Butler Memorial Building in Baroda…… 23 – Dr. and Mrs. ·Butler's Home in Bareilly.. 18 y.W.e.A. in Colombo ………….. ·· .. 334 – Mrs. Butler With Native India Preachers China, Ashmore Theological Seminary, Swat~w 576 _ Evidence of the Beneficial Effects of ChrIS' in 1906 •.•…•..••••••.•••…•.•••••.. 21 – Morse Hall of the Y.W.C.A., Lahore …• 327 tian Education in ………….. ·· .. ···· 825 – Rushden Ropeholders of England and their _ Fight Against Opium in ………. ····•·· 683 _ Main Hall of the Christian Institute, Lawn Map of……………………. 371 – Two Little Girls in ………………… 263 Tsinanfu, Shantung ………………. 117 – Two Views of Life in ……………… 261 Chinese Children who Like the Missionaries.. 38 – Where Little Girls are made a Sacrifice to _ Laymen's Missionary Conference at Kiangsu 827 _ Poster, Burning up Good Money in Bad Men in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 – Wbere Little Girls are sayed for time and Tobacco ………….. .. . . .. . . . . .. . … 679 _ Student Volunteers for the Christian Min· eternity in ………………..•••…• 265 Isaacs, Baron Rufus Daniel ………••..•.• 285 istry ..•..•..•…….•..••..•.••.•..••. 829 Japan, Bible Class at a Y.W.GA. Conference 339 _ Y.W.C.A. Worker ……………. ·· .. ·• 329 – Captain Bickel and Workers on the Fukuin Christian and Missionary Alliance in Jeru- Maru, Inland Sea …………………. 580 salem, American Church of the……… 890 – Charter Members of the Student Y.M.e.A., Christmas Tree Pageant at Northfield…….. lI57 Clough, John E ………………. · ….. •• .. 570 Omi …… __ …••….•……..••..•.• 607 Coke Thomas…•….. , ….•..••………. 507 – Church Built by Members, Omi ………• 609 Cons~antinople, Members of the College Choir, – Panorama of Hachman, Omi………… 606 – Presbyterian Chu rch at Kohe, Decorated American College for Girls ………. ··· 721 _ Plan of the American College for Girls …• 727 for Christmas …………………… 653 Cuba, Evening Song Service in the Palms, – Rural Town in …………………….. 651 – Sample of One of the Many Christian Paso Estancia Mission …………….. 199 _ Holy Trinity Cathedral, Havana (Interior) 194 Japanese Churches in ……………… 660 __ Protestant Episcopal Cathedral, Havana – Some of the Waseda Dormitory Boys, (Exterior) ………………………. 195 Tokyo ……………•………••…. 578 _ Protestant Congregation in an Orange – Where Anti·Christian Edicts were posted in 647 Jam Industrial School, Carpenter Shop of …. 527 Grove, Isle of Pines ………………. 193 Jerusalem, American Church of the Christian _ Rev. Emilo Pianos and his School at and Mi'sionary Alliance in …•….•… 890 Matanz,as • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . .. 197 – Street of the Tower of David in ………. 895 Dennis, James Shepard ………………. 401 Judson, Adoniram ………..•…….•….. 370 Dubai, Bazaar Scene at ……………… · 753 – Ann Hasseltine …………………… 370 Eskimo Missionaries of Blacklead Island, Juneau, View of, Southeastern Alaska …… 519 Kachins. Group of Christian, Baptist Mission Outgoing ., . . . . . . . . • . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . … 494 Fiji Islands, Mrs. Calvert and Mrs. Lyth stop· School, Burma ……•…•..•.•.•….•• 569 Kansas City, Audience of OYer Six Thousand ping a Cannibal Feast in the….. . . . . . .. 511 Filipinos, Methods of Character Development in Convention Hall ……………….. 100 Kongo, Dr. Catherine Mabie holding a Babies' for the ………………………… 481 France, McAll Mission Boat, on the Midland Clinic, Banza Manteke, Belgian ……… S71 – Mr. Billington and his Monocycle, in the Canal …………………………… 593 – Northern, Semeuse, or Portable Chapel, of Belgian ………..•..•……•….1•••• 584 Li Bi Cu, Dr.-Chinese W.Y.C.A. Worker.. 329 the McAll Mission ………….••…• 595 Li Hung Chang ……………………… 667 Freetown, Mohammedan Religious Order of Mabie, Dr. Catherine, Holding a Babies'

West African Negroes in………….. 407 Clinic, Banza Manteke, Belgian Kongo .. 571 – West Africa, Stone Mosque in ………… 414 Madagascar, Boys' School in Tananarive- Friends' Boys' School at Ram Allah, Pales· Friends' Foreign Mission Association … 427 tine ……………………………. 901 – Crowd after Church at Miantsoarivo….. 430 – Foreign Mission Deputation, Group of – Girls' High School, Faravohitra •……… 430 – Non·Christian Native of…………….. 428 Christian Malagasy and the ………•.. 429 – Tananariv<>, the Capital of…………… 425 Girl Pupils in India. Christian………….. 268 – Typical Audience of Malagasy Christians, Girls in India coming from Church …..• ,. 267 Gould Hall, American College for Girls. Can· Isoavinandriana ………………….. 423 stantinople ………………………. 731 Greene, Daniel Crosby………………… 649 Greene, Joseph H., of Turkey ……….•..• 881

INDEX

PAGE PAGE MeA]] Auto·Evangelist at work ••.•.•…. , ..• 596 Philippine.. Visayan Field Meet in the .•••• 481 Mexican Indians Drest for a Religious Feast 641 Preparing Scrap·Books to Send to Mission- – Indian Hut, Typical ………………… 909 – Mission School Girl ………………… 170 arIes …………………………… 619 -Town on the West Coast, Altata ………. 173 Ramabai, Teaching the ·Girls at Mukti, Chris. – Types at the Mitia Ruins •…………..• 911 – West Coast, Roman Catholic Cathedral at tian school of Pandita…………….. 265 Rangoon, American Baptist Mission Press Mazatian, on the …………………. 169 Mexicans as Roman Soldiers in Their Passion at ……………………………… 583 – Meeting at the Judson Centennial, in Cush. Week Parade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 Mexico, Abrahamic Plow Still in Use in .•…• 663 ing Hall …….•..•…….•••••…… 347 – Forty Miles from a Railroad in ……….. 913 Raynolds, George C. of Van ••••….•..•.. " 881 – Largest Cotton Mill in ….•….•……•.• 661 Rushden Ropeholders of England and their – Roman Catholic Cemetery and Chapel, new Lawn Map of India ……… : ………. 371 Acapulco .••••••.• , •..••….•..••… " 171 Russell Sage Hall, American College for Girls, – Typical Mexican Family in Western …… 161 Constantinople … • .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . …. 730 – Western. Altata Cathedral, Northern Sinaloa 172 Seashore, African Missionary Day for Children Michigan, University of, Hospital in Arabia 751 Miyamoto, B. C………………………. 610 at the …………………………… 371 Mohammedan Religious Order of West African Shanghai Baptist College, Yates Han of the 575 – Y.W.C.A., Board of Directors of the ..•..• 335 Negroes in Freetown ……………… 407 Shoshone Falls of Snake River, Oregon …•.. 801 Moore, Edward C……………………•• 922 Sierra Leone Protectorate, Hut-like Mosque in Morales, Dr. Arcadio of Mexico………..• 9II Moslem Mosques in Cape Colony……….. 733 the Interior of. ………………….. 415 – Problem, Signs of World·wide Interest in Silliman Institute, In the Carpenter Shop at 481 South America on the Sands..•…….••…. 372 the …………………………….. 321 – – Rev. F. G. Penzotti and American Bible – School, Typical Open.Air .•……•….•..• 721 – Woman in South Africa, European ….•..• 735 Society Colporteurs ………………. 839 Matt, John R. ………………………. 81 Tennessee, Y.M.e.A. Swimming-Pool in the Mount·Hood, Oregon ………………….. 801 New Hebrides Islands, Part of Vila Harbor. 357 Big Emory River .•..•..•…•.•….•.• 809 Nile Mission Press in Cairo, Egypt, New Thakomhau's War Clnbs, Two of ……….. 505 Tibet, Mudhouse in Eastern, Used as a Mis- Headquarters of the… "'"'''''''''' 365 Nome, Alaska, in the Year 1900………… 523 sionary's R"ome…………………… 3S Northfield, Christmas ·Tree Pageant at. •…. 857 Tibetan Boys, Missions School Class of.. . ••• 36 Oakdale Railroad Y.M.C.A., Lunch Counter – Prayer·Wheel, Large ……………….. 36 Tokyo Y.W.C.A., At the Andozaka Hostel of ……………………………… 812 – Tennessee, Customary Scene on the Porch of the …………………………… 331 Tracey, C. C., of Turkey ………………. SSI of the Association Building……….. 810 Opium in Peking, Burning $10,000 Worth of 681 Turkey and the War………………….. 923 Oregon, Shoshone Falls of Snake River .••.•• 801 – Five Veteran Missionaries to …………. 881 Palestine, American Friends' Boys' School at Uganda, Heathen Congregation listening to Ram Allah ………………………. 901 the Gospel in ……………………. 599 Peck, E. J ………………………….. 489 – Native Christian Council of a District in •. 603 Peking, Burning $10,000 Worth of Opiu!)1 …. 681 Varies, William, and Members of the Omi Penzotti, Rev. F. G., and American Bible Mission ••..•…••……….•….•…•• 611 Society Colporteurs in South America .• 839 Vinton Memorial Hall, Rangoon, Burma….. 577 Perry, Henry T., of Turkey .•••••..•……• 881 Yates Hall of the Shanghai Baptist College. 575 Y.M.C.A., Bahahatchie Hotel Transformed Phili~gk~~1 I~~~~~~,..~:':"..~.i~I:. !~:~. ~~~.u.s~~i.a.1 582 into a Railroad ……………………. S07 – – Union Hospital at Iloilo ………….. 579 Y. W.C.A., Board of Directors of the Shanghai 335 Philippines, In the Carpenter Shop at SilIi· – Buenos Ayres, Argentine, Cooking Class in man Institute …………………….. 481 the ……………….•..•……•….. 337 – Some of the Jaro Students Celebrating the – Conference, Japan, Bible Class at a …… 339 – in Colombo, Ceylon, Physical Class of the 334 Fourth of July …………………… 525 – Lahore, India, Morse Han of the……. 327 -Tokyo, At the Andozaka Hostel of the . . . . 331 Zapata, General .•……•..•..•…•.••….• 914 AUTHORS PAGE PAGE ABBOTT, JUSTIl"< E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '" 255 BRAIN, BELLE M ….. ' ….• 51, 127, 214, 290, 371, ANDERSON, HERBERT …………………… 30 454, 531, 613, 693, 774, 853, 931 ANDREWS, JESSIE …………………….. 693 BARBOUR, THOMAS S. …………………. 567 BRENT, CHARLES H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 BARTON, JAMES L ……………………… 247 BROWN, ARTHUR JUDSON .•………….• 111, 667 BENNETT, ARTHUR K. …………………. 755 BURTON, JAMES D…………………….. 807 BERLIN, E . . . • . . . . . : ………………•.•.• 379 BUTLER, JOHN W ……………………… 661 CAPEN. SAMUEL B………….. : ……….. 447

PAGE PAGE CHADWICK, W………………………… 208 M'CONAUGHYJ DAVID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934 MILLIKEN, B. CARTER ………………….. 774 B……………………… CHEW, NG POON ………………………. 585 MILLER, EDVARD WAITE •••••••••••••••••••• 935 COCHRANE, H. 33 MONTGOMERY, GEORGE R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903 MORRILL, M. T ……………………….. 822 CURTIS, PIERSON……………………… 606 MOTT, JOHN R. …………………….. 81, 167 MYONGO, FRANK L …………………….. 446 D'AuBIGNF;, HENRI Ml<RLE •••••••••••••••••• 593 NASSAU, ROBERT HAMILL ••••.••••.•••••••••• 442 NEWELL, H. B………………….•….•.. 6'3 DAVIDSON, W…………………………. 761 NORVILLE, JOSEPHINE …….. : …………. 746 DONOHUGH, THOS. S…………………… 135 OGDEN, JAMES Coo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 OVENS, W. G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 DOUGHEItTY, RAYMOND P ••.••.•••••••••••••• 407 PADDOCK, A. ESTELLA ………………….. 327 PATRICK, MARY MILLS …………………. 727 DWIGHT, HENRY' OTIS ••••.•••••••••.••••• , • 50 PECK, E. J……………………………. 487 EDDY, GEORGE SHERwobD ..••••••..•••.•.••. 929 PENZOTTI, F. G ……………………….. 839 ELDER, RODERT F •••.•••••••••••••••••••.••• 833 :PEtta, W. W ………………………… 514 PIERSON, D. Loo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,…….. 99 EllICKSON, C. TELFORD •••••••••••••••••••••• 187 PtTCHER, P. W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 FORSYTH, R. C……………………….. 117 PLATt, WARD ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 589 FRANKLIN, JAMES H …………………. 7. 417 PLUNKETT, LORD •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 824 RHODES, F. HERBERT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763 GRRDI"E, J. L………………………… 121 RINDGE, FRED H………………………. 215 GIUERT, MRS. F. M ….. 1. 81, 161, 241, 321, 401. ROHOLD, S. Boo ……………………. 283. 887 …………… .481. 561. 641. 721. 801. 880 ROSTAN, FRANCISCO •••••••••••••••••••••••• 592 SAILER, T. H. P •.•..•••••••••••••••.••••••• 776 GOODCHILD. FRANK M ………………….. 368 SARABIA, MANUEL ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 770 GtoYER, DIt. R. R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~Sl 51, I. H ………….•..•.•…….•……•.• 281 GRACEY, L,LLY RwtR…………………. 11 SMITH, ARTHUR H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 SMITH, EDWARD L,NCOLN ••••••••.•••.••••••• 920 GRIFFIS, WM. ELLIOT ………………….. 647 SOWTON, STANLEy •••••••••••..••••••••••••• 374 HALSEY, A. WOODRUFF…………………. 39 SPEER, ROBERT E. ……………………… 433 HAMILTON, MRS. FRANCES S…………….. 909 THOMSON, EDITH ..•••••••••••••••••••••••• 853 THWING, E. WoO……………………… 679 HARUS, AJ.oaCN ..H…………………………………………3.5..7., 685 Tsu, Y. Y……………………….•.•.•• 82S HARTE, 269 UPSON, ARTHUR T ….. 45, 113, 200, 277, 361, 437 VORIES, W,LL,AM M …. oo ………………. 496 HERUCK, GEORGE F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25. 500 WA[NWRIGHT, S. H ……………………. 655 WALKER, F. DEAVILLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50S HILL, ROBERT .T……………….. '" …… 460 WEATHERHEAD, H. T. C………………… 599 HODGKIN, HENRY T …………………… 423 W,LLIS, J. J…………… '" ………….. 210 HORTON. ROBERT F ……………………. 340 WILSON, SAMUEL G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739, 915 HowE, JAS. LEWIS ……………………. 110 WOODDY, C. A ……………………….. 813 YOUNG, S. HALL ••••..•••••.•••.•••••••••••• 517 HURREY, CH,l.RLES ·D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 ZWEMER, SAMUEL M ……….. 175, 364, 497. 733 JENKINSON, CHARLES ••••.••••••••••••••••• 168 JONES; R. C. • •…•..•••••••••••••••••••••• 353 KARPINSKI, LOUIS CoO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747 KATO, KATSVJI ……………………….. 274 KENNEDY, PHINEAS B………………….. 28 KELSEY, A. EDWARD •••••••••••••••••••••••• 895 KNIGHT, ALBION WoO …………………. 193 KRUIDENIER, J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 KUMARAKULASINGHE. KITTlE WOOD ••••••••.• 597 LIlRRIGO, P. H. J……………………… 525 MABIE, HENRY CoO •…••.••.•••••.•.•..•••• 347 MACKENZIE, MINA ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 261· MASON, MRS. L. R…………………….. 186 MAXWELL, C. H.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 125 SUBJECTS¥ PAGE PAGE ABYSSINIA, Menelik of .•.•.••.••.•..•••• 237 Africa. If Only There had Been two Men.. 790 – Swedish Mission in ………………… 874 – Indians in South…………………… 164 Adana since the Massacre •…•…•.••••… 465 _ Transferred, Leipzig Miasion in •••• c••••• ~ 954 AFGHANISTAN, Christian Preacher in •••• 782 -Mass Movement in West. …………•••• 805 —; Opening in ……………………….. 466 — :Missionary Awakening in South…..••..• 313 – More Good News from Elat. …………. 389 AFRICA, Central, Communion in………… 75 -New Church at Fulasi ………………. 790 – – Work for Lepers in ………………. 544 -North, Changes in ………………….. 91 – Continued Power in ………………… 565 .- Promising Mission Field in …….•….•. 873 – East, Bruedergemeinde in……………. 463 – – Masai in ……………………….. 791 – Signs of Dawn in Darkness Ca) J. H. Harris 685 – Events of 1913 in………………….. 2 – Eye to Business in ………………….. 708 – South, Black and White in…………… 389 – – Missionary Awakening in-A Correction 700 – – Moslem Menace in Ca) .5. M. Zwemer .. 733 .. (a) indicates an article over 3 pages in length: the letter (b) a brief article from one to tftree pages in length. AU other subjects indexed are le~ than one page in length. The nuil!ber of tire = + = month when any giv.en article appeared may be found by dividing the numher of the page by 80 II'nd adding 1 to the unit so obtained. For example: page 548. "" 80 6. 1 7 (July).

INDEX

PAGE PAGE Afric~, South, Race Distinction in………. 76 Asia Minor, Encounter with Briga/l~ in .••..• e67 – – Christian Activity Amonll Studellts in .• 154 – – Cooperation in Cb) C. H. Maxwell ….. 125 – Results of a Tour in (a) J. H. 'Franklin 7 – Vastl)e~~ of ……………….. • • . • • . . •• 7OS Assam, Siayes set Fr:e in .•. .' •…… :'..•• :: 305 – WaitipS" 25 Years for a Missionary. . . . . . .. 928 AUSTRALIA, Missions on a Motor·bicycle – West, Great Communion at E~t. …….. 791 – – Islam in Lagos …..•……………… 153 in ………………………………. 154 – – L i v e ,/Qr< in …………………… 75 –Long Waiting for the Gospel in …….. 75 – Sky·Pilotess in ••……….•……••..••. 541 – – Mohamm.edanism in (a) R. P. Dougherty 407 Australian Yen's Le.ague ……….. , ….. , .. ~13 – – Recon! Conurmation in……………. 236 – – Stj.Ccl'.ssful Expe,itpent in…………. 153 – Methodist Centenary ………………… 541 Afric~1! Echo of the War in Europe …..•.• 954 – Girl, From an……………………… 74 Austria, Polyglot Population of…………. 866 – King Converted ……..•…………… 85 – King Lays Corner-stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Automobiles, Gospel ..•……•….•.•••…• 726 – Fastor, Ihiya (b) R. H. Na~~au ………. 442 – Speech, Marvels of. ………………… 312 Awakening in North India……………… 84 – View of the Gospel, F. L. Myol1gp …..• 466 Baalbek Missionary Con~~re~ces…………. ~46 Africans Hl)l'llry for the Word………….. 76 Agricultural Mission for India ……….•••. 547 Babahatchie, Story of (a) J. D. Burton…… 807 Bahaism and the Women Question (~) S. G. ALAS~.f, Cburch Fart!,ell! N'orth ……..•.• 712 Wilson …………•………………. 739 – In the Mining C~mps of Ca) S. E. Young 517 – Missionary Magistr~te in ……………. 626 Balkan Christians stand the test………… 555 – the GTe.t Northern Penillsula………… 486 – Ideas of Religious Liberty. . . . . . . . . . . . . • . .. 229 ALBANIA and the Present Opportunity, Rise – War, Les~on of the………………… 68 c. of (a) T. Erickson………………. 187 Balkans. After the War in the (b) George F.

– Help Secured for …………………… 474 BaptHiset rFroicrkei~~' Mi's~i~~ 'S~~ie~;: '6~~' H~~d~;d 24 – Hospital Pledged for……………….. 67 – Recent Tour in Cb) Phineas B. Kennedy.. 28 Years in the Work of the American (a) – Suffering in ……………………….. 714 Alcohol, Fight Against …………………. 404 T. S. Barbour •••••••………………• 567 – Uprising against ……………………. 946 – Program .:……-,_…………………. 644 ALGIERS, Typical Moslem Region in… . . .. 873 Baptist Work Among Rumanians ..•••.••••• 947 AMERICA, Foreign Students in ……..•..•. 225 – Italian Protestants in ……….. ~ ….•..•. 553 Baptists' City Campaigos..••………….•.• 726 – Japanese Officials in ………………… 226 Baptists, Challenge to ………………….. 391 – Persian Church in San Francisco …….. 473 – Reorganize, Southern …………………. ~24 – South, New Day in ………………….. 393 – Trend Toward Cpoperation in Home Mis- Barbican Mission to the Jews ………..••.• 394 sions Cb) W. Platt .••.•……………. 589 Beatitudes, Ten Missionary……………. 224 American Bible Society, Progress Made in Beggars, Fraudulent…………………… 464 Four years ………………………. 225 – Bible Society's Agencies, Visit to the ….. , 625 Beilis Trial, Some Observations Growing out – Board Endowment Fund ..• , ………….. 155 – Board in Detroit (b) E. L. Smith …….. 920 of the, and its Influence (a) S. B. – Board's Centenary of Missions in India.. 149 Roliold ……………………… '" 283 – Colleges, Revivals in………………… 472 – Indians, Efforts to help …………….. 884 Berlinj Chair for Missions at the University – Universities and Missions ..•.•……….. 645 of …………………………….. 714 America~s Last Frontier: Its Situation and its – Immorality in …………………….. 795 Appeal (a) C. A. Wooddy …. : ……… 813 Anniversaries of 1914, Missionary……….. S2 Bertillon, Dr., and the Gospel. ………….• 228 Anti·Missionary Publicity……………….. 539 Appeal for their Countrymen, Indian ……… 467 Best Methods, Department of Belle M. Brain Arabia, Signs of Progress in Turkish (a) A. K. 51, 127, 214, 291, 371, 454, 531, 613, 693, Bennett …………………………. 755 Arabian Knights, Some Modern (a) L. C. . 774, 853, 931 Karpinski ……………………….. 747 Btble Among Turkish Moslems .••….•.• ; .• 948 Arabic Lang~",ge, Evangelization of the (a) – Catholics Translating the…………….. 245 S. M. Zwemer …………..•……… 364 Argentina, Ev~nge1izing the Queen Province – fOt· Tibet………………………….. 547 -in Java ………………………….. . (a) R. F. Elder ..•..•.•…………..•. 833 Armenia, Adana since the Massacre……… 465 – in Korea .•..•……………………… 147 Armenian's bequests …….. , ………..•… 552 Armenians, New Status of.., ….. , …….. 707 – in Latin America (b) F. G. Penzotti .. 839 Ashanti. Savage Trophy from…………. 543 -in New Zealand Schools …………….. 875 – Society Centennial, American ………… 945 Bibles in Mexico, Battles and (a) Mrs. F. S.

Hamilton •.••…….•…………….. 909 – in Peculiar Form in Uganda ………… 709 – Maharajah and the …………………. 466 : – – Power of Trtahie~i~~~s·ci;;o·l· ~~d' 'Mi~s'i~~~ ~ ~ ~ 785 Teachers' 62 – Villa and the …………. ., ………… 794 – Work in 1913. H. O. Dwight………… 50 – and the European War………………. 795 -or Gin? …………………………… 313 – Record Year for ……… ;………….. 864 Bohemia, Student Work in ..••………….• 715 Bolivia, Seed-Sowing in ………………… 227 Bolivian Inscription .•….••……………• 862 BOOKS (new) …… 80, 160, 240, 320, 400, 479, ………………… 560, 640: 720, 800, 880, 960 – Africa in Transformation. N. Maclean … 957 – Alaskan Pathfinder. J. T. Faris ………. 558

PAGE :PAGE Books. American Indian on the New Trail. Books. Jesus Christ's Men. C. A. Mason .. 478, 720 T. C. Moffatt. •••••••••••••..•..•..•.•• 959 -Judson the Pioneer. J. M. Hull ………. 478 -Jungle Days. A. Munson ………….. 319 – Among the An-ko-me-nums. T. Crosby …. 559 – Peeper of the Vineyard. C. A. Stanley.. 400 – Ann of Ava. E. D. Hubbard …..•..•.•. 478 – Kingdom in the Pacific. F. H. L. Paton .. 160 – Anti-Alcoholic Movement in Europe. E. – Latin America: Its Rise and Progress.

Gordon ., ………………………… 399 Calderon …………………. _. _.. .. 43 – Asia at the Door. K. K_ Kawakami. _..• , 639 – Benevolent Institutions of United Sfates of – Love Stories of Great Missionaries. B. M. Brain . _………………………… 319 America for 1910 …………………. 400 – Beyond the Panjab. E. F. Neve ………. 638 – Man of Egypt. C. S. Cooper …•…….. 477 – Black and White. L. H. Hammond .••••• 478 -Manual of Missions. C. L. Hq,wland …… 719 – Book of Babies. Mary Entwistle…….. 79 – Master-Builder on the Nile. R. L. Hogg .. 798 – Brigham Young and His Mormon Empire. – Memoirs of Li Hung Chang. W. F. Man- F. J. Cannon and G. L. Knapp ………. 398 nix, Editor ………..•.•••.•••….••• 667 – By the Equator's Snowy Peak. E. M. – Men and Manners of Modern China. J. Crawford •••…… , ••.•..•…••••.•.•. 639 Macgowan ………………………. 42 – Child in the Midst. M. S. Labaree •••••.•• 558 – Children of Labrador.. M. L. Dwight .••.•• 399 – Men who Prayed. H. W. Frost …….•• 959 – China Mission Year Book. D. MacGillivray 239 – Militant Methodism ………………… 320 – China Revolutionized. J. S. Thompson.. 42 – Missionary Obligation. A. E. Garvie ..•••• 878 – Christian Movement in Japan. J. L. Dear- – Missionary Progra~s and Incidents. G.

ing …………………………….. 717 H. Trull '" .•..•..••.•••.. , ••••…•.. 878 – Church in the Wilds. W. B. Grubb .•.••• 477 – Modern Call of Missions. J. S. Dennis.. 39 – Comstock, Anthony, Fighter. C. ·G. Trum- -New Era in Asia. G. S. Eddy ………. 319 -New Guinea. H. Newton …………… 720 bull …………………………… 78 – New Thrills in Old China. C. E. Hawes 44 – Continuation Committee Conferences in – Nippon's Lotus Ponds. M. Klein ..•….. 717 – Not Lawful to Utter. Dan Crawford .•.. 399 Asia, 1912-1913. J. R. Matt .•..•..•.•• 159 – On Old World Highways. T. D. Murphy. 959 – Cross in Japan_ F. E. Hagin_ ………… 957 – Our Opportunity in the West Indies. G. -Dawn in Darkest Africa. J. H. Harris 40, 685 – Education of the Women of India. Minna O'Rorke .. _…. _.. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. . … 879 – Our Task in Japan, B. Lucas .•..•..•…. 719 G. Cowan ………………………. 43 – Our World. J. Strong………………. 319 – Educational Missions. J. L. Barton …. ~. 958 – Out of the Abyss .••….•..•………..•. 239 – Essential Missionary Principle. R. Allen 39 – Passing of the Dragon. J. C. Keyte …. 557 – Everlasting Pearl. A. M. Johannsen …… 719 -Pennell of the Afghan Frontier. A.M. – Evolution of a Missionary. C. B. De Pennell ….•.••……•.•.•.•……•.. 477 Forest ….•………………. _…•.. ; 637 – Poland of To·day and Yesterday. N. O. – Father Lacombe. K. Hughes •.•..•.••.•• 958 – Fifty Missionary Heroes Every Boy and Vinter …………………………. 78 – Presbyterian Home Missions in Kentucky. Girl should Know. J. H. Johnston… • .• 78 – Following the Sunrise. H. B. Montgomery 320 I. C. Hunt ……………………….. 879 – From Alien to Citizen. E. A. Steiner ••.• 958 – Presbyterian Medical Missions. A. W. – Glorious Liberty. L. Tucker ..•…..•.•• 879 – Glory of the Pines. W. C. Covert •.••..• 878 Halsey ••……••.•••…….•.••…••• 559 – God Juggernaut and Hinduism in India. – Progressive Philippines. C. W. Briggs ..•. 398 – Recruits for World Conquest. L. R. Scar- J. Zimmerman …………………… 638 – Gods of India. E. O. Martin ..•..•.••••• 878 borough ….. . . .. . • .. .. .. • .. . .. . .. • … 638 – Goodbird, the Indian. G. L. Wilson .••.• 558 – Return of the Lord Jesus. R. A. Torrey.. 879 – Goose Greek Folks. I. G. and F. L. Bush 79 – Russian Empire of To-day and Yesterday. – Great Acceptance. G. Thorne .•…•.. , 640 – Great Embassy. C. McEvoy •……•••••• 400 N. O. Winter ……………………. 160 – Great Heart of Papua. W. P. Nairne •… S59 – Salvage of Men. Agnes L. Palmer .• _. • •. 239 – Silver Chimes in Syria. W. S. Nelson ..•• 879 – Habeeb the Beloved. W. S. Nelson …•••• 718 – Social Aspects of Foreign Missions. W. H. – Hepburn of Japan. W. E. Griffis ….•• 44, 319 -Herbert Stanley Jenkins. R. Glover …… 717 P. Faunce ••.••••…….•..•..•.••.••. 798 – Heroes of the Faith in Modern Italy. J. – Sociological Progress in Mission Lands.

S. Anderson ……………………. 637 E. W. Capen …………………….. 797 – Heroic Bishopric. E_ Stock………….. 399 – South America. James Bryce…………. 43 – Horizon of American Missions. I. N. – Spiritual Conquest of the Rockies. W. N.

McCash ……… __ …… _. . . . .. . . • • .. 78 Sloan ………..•…•••…….•.•••.. 559 – Stewardship Among Baptists. A. L. Vail •• 877 – Holy Land of Asia Minor. F. E. Clark .. 960 – Stories of Missionary Leadership. R. E. – How Eu<ope was Won for Christianity. M. Speer ………………………….. 557 W. Stubbs ..•..•.••..•.•..••..•…••• 637 – Study of the Thlingets of Alaska. L. F.

-Immortal Seven. J. L. Hill … _………. 479 Jones …………………………… 557 – Students and the World-wide Expansion of – I n Red Man's Land. F. E. Leupp …….. 558 – Indian Medical Sketches. C. S. Vines.. 44 Christianity. F. P. Turner .•.•••• : .••• 959 – Investment and Achievement. W. L. King 398 – Tales of the African Wild. F. W. Dodds. 718 – Italian Helper. A. Di Domenica …….. 399 – Thinking Black. Dan Crawford………. 41 – Three Boys. J. Sinclair ……………•• 639

INDEX

PAGE . PAGE Books. Through Lands that Were Dark. Celebes, Dytch Mission in ……………… 314 F. H. Hawkins …………………… 719 Ceylon, Notable Baptism in ………..•..•.• 785 – Students Supported a Mission, How…… 548 – Tourist Directory of Christian Work .••• ;. 79 Charities, Nine Hundred l'ages of ……..••• 710 – Two Little Natives in a Peanut Shell. Mrs. ~harts and Posters at N orlhfield .•……• " .• 855 Chicago Hebrew Mission ………………. 316 M. Martin ………………. . . . • .. •• 160 Child Evangelism in Korea ……………… 635 – Uncle Sam. M. S. GiIlow……………. 400 Children, Campaign for Moslem •……..•.• 165 – Up and Down the North Pacific Coast. T. – Great Gift to Moslem ……………….. 315 Crosby …………………………. 559 CHINA, Bookstores for Canton ……..•.•• 953 – When God Came Down to Earth. G. Stroh 639 – Camel Versus Automobile in …………• 144 – Where Animals Talk. R. H. Nassau …… 478 – Campaign, Presbyterian …..•……. e… 63 – Winning Primitive People. Donald Fraser 40 – Changed from Boxer Days………….. 233 – With the Turks in Thrace. E. Ashmead- – Cheering Signs of the Times in. . . . . . . . . .. 632 – Christian Forces in ……………..•…. 467 Bartlett •.•……..••••••••………… 398 – Christian Growth in………………… 82 – Work of Christ. A. G. Goebelein ..•….. 960 – Colonization, A Missionary Method in… .. 146 Borneo, Christian Newspaper in…………. 875 – Educational Fund in……………….. 786 Boston Chinese Christian Workers ………. , 316 – Events of 1913 in………………….. 2 – Union Rescue Mission of …….•…….. 710 – First Christian 'Daily in .•……………. 468 Boston's 11:issionary May Festival. Mary – Form of Cooperation in ……………… 233 – Fruit of Missionary Toil in………….. 703 Preston …………………………. 127 – Great Gifts for Educational Work in .. 233, 549 Boy, A Chance for your ………………. 955 – How the Gospel Entered Haitang …….• 468 – Scouts in Syria ……………………. 546 – How the Gospels Transform…………. 72 Brahmin Priest, "Twice-Born" …… _…… _ 383 – Inland Mission, New Head for………. 946 Brazil, Papacy in…………………….. 66 -Idol Burning in yunnan ……………… 468 Brazilian Pastorate …………………… 627 – Idol·Worship stiII Abounds …………… 787 British Empire, Heathenism in the …….•••. 795 – Inquirers in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• . 13 – Missionary Cooperation ……… __ . . . . . .. 794 – International Institute in ……………. 538 Bruedergemeinde in East Africa ……….•. 463 – Leading in Christian Union………….. 306 – Millions to Receive the Gospel in ..•…… 548 BUDDHISM in Japan ………………… 702 – Mission to Ricksha Coolies………….. 786 – Sects of …………………………. 308 – Moral and Social Reform in (a) E. W. Buddhist and Christian Sects in Japan.. • . . • •. 147 – Imitation of the Christian Associations ..•. 725 Thwing •••••.•….•..•..••••………. 679 – MonasteryJ Mission in a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 548 – Moslem Population in……………….. 145 – Priest in Trouble …………………… 469 -Multiplication of Girls' Schools in ….. ",' 633 – Priest Wanted, What the (b) K. W. Kum· – Official Support for Missionary Work in .• 385 – Old and New……………………… 12 arakulasinghe ………….. ". . .. .. • … 597 – Open Door in…………………….. 306 Buddhists adopting Christian Hymns ……… 151 – Optimism in West. …………………. 869 – in Despair ••……•.••.•.••••…..••..• 145 – Overturnings in ……•…………….. 96 Bulgaria, Revival in …………………… 866 – Pillars of Islam in (a) F. H. Rhodes….. 762 Bulgarian Congress, Evangelical. ………… 158 – Plea for Methodist Union in ……..•••.• 869 Bulletin Boards ..•….•…….•………. 56 – Population of …………………….. 632 – Preaching the UPoreign Doctrine" ……. 634 BURMA, Events of 1913 In …………. ;.. 2 – Presbyterians in • • . . • • • . • . . . • . . • . • . . • .• 704 -Judson's Day and Ours in ……………. 305 – Prospects of Christianity in (a) Y. Y. TSll 825 – Judson Centennial in (b) F. M. Goodchild 368 – Present and Prospective. H. B. Cochrane 33 – Religion and Politics in …………….. 869 -Tower of Peace in ………………….. 232 – Religious Changes in (b) G. S. Eddy .•.• 929 Burma's Christianization, Judson's Contribu~ – Religious Confusion in (b) Ng Poon Chew 585 – Result of a Medical Journey in ……….. 870 tion to (a) H. C. Mabie ……………. 347 – Revivals in …………. , ……………. 724 Business Man's View of Missions …•……. 396 – Roman Catholics in ………………..• 704 Butler, Sketch of Mrs. William, Missionary to – Sherwood Eddy in…………………. !lSi – Situation in (b) P. W. Pitcher………… 37 India and Mexico (a) Lilly Rider Gracey 17 – South, Famine in ..•…..•……….•..• 952 Cairo, Christian University for Moslems in …. 388 – State Religion for (a) A. H. Smith …..• 106 Calcutta, Ignorant Opposition in………… 70 – State Religion Opposed in…………… 144 Campaign, Opening the Fall ………….••. 693 – Sunday Observance in……………… 469 – Temple Trades Decline in…… . . . . . . • . •. 146 CANADA, Church Union in ……………. 392 – $10,000 Opportunity in……………… 82 -Home Missions Conference…………… 392 – Three Hundred Days of Evangelism ……. 549 – Laymen's Movement k ………………. 156 – Tiger and the Beggar Boy (b) W. W. Peter 514 – New Secretaries in…………………. 317 – Tobacco Trust in. '" ……….•………. 145 -Religious Census of………………… 712 – Union Movement in………………… 71 Canadian Church, Missionary Giving of a…. 65 – What May Come to Pass in ………….. 870 Canton Christian College ….•.••.••••.•..••. 307 Ca(>e Colony, German Union in ………….. 646 Capen, Samuel B., Sketch of the Life and Work of (a) J. L. narton …………… 247 Carlton, Marcus B.) Missionary, decorated…. 548 Carnegie, Andrew, Peace Fund . . . . . . . • . . • . . 316 Caucasian Provinces ……………•……. 630

MISSIONARY REVJll:W OF THE WORLD [DeCelllllc;r

PAGE • PAGE China. Women's Conference in We~psi~p…. 72 Cost of Sup~rlil1ities………………….. 7~2 China's Famines, Prevention of …….•..•.• 7~6 – New Conditions ……………•……… 951 Council, Indian Missionary……………… 466 – President ..••…………..••…….•.. ~~5 – State Religion …………………….. lQ5 Cuha, EpiscQP.a1 Church Mis,ioD in (a) A. W. Chinese and Japanese in United St"tes, Wor)<: KJl~ht ………………………….. 193 for .•….•••……..•…..••••••…… 863 – Board of Mission…………………… 806 – National Sunday·school Conventiol). in .•… 157 – Break with Idols …………………… 632 – Christian Workers in Boston .••.•.•…••.. 316 – Protestantism in……………………. 79~ – Church and "Status of Women ……•….. 703 – Church to be Knowll Qllly as Cl!ristian…. 72 – Spanish Colporteur in. .. . . . . . . .. • . • . . …. 227 – Convert, Notable …………………… 549 – Gifts to Missions…………………… 703 Cultured Missionary Scholar, James S. DCR-Ili•. – Inquirers, Enlistini …………..•…… 307 – Language SChool ………………….. 144 (b) R. E. Speer ……………………. 433 – Official's Bequest to Missions………… 72 – President's Sons …………………… 234 Curios, New Ways to U~e., …………….. 53.6 – Proverbs …………………………. ~46 – Republic, Population of the………….. 306 Crawford, Dan, in Fiji ………. , ………. 955 – Republic, Unrest in the ……………… 482 – Scholar Comes int() the Light…………. 787 Czar and the Jews …………………… 942 – Student Volunteers I. H. Si. •…..•…•.. 281 – Valtjation of Christian Education ……… 468 Dancing Girl Curse in Indii'…………….. 70 – View of ForoilPlers…………………. 684 – View of the Prospects of Christianity in Deaf and Du",b, W ark for India'…. . . . • • . •• 783 China (a) Y. Y. Tsu ………………. 825 Deaf·Mute Missions, Value of. …………..• 793 Christ, The Living…………………….. S38 Christian Alliance Proll"ress……………. 711 DEA'rHS. – Endeavor •.•••..•…………………. 315 – Arnot of Africa, F. S……•……•.•… " 556 – – Mission Study ………………….. 778 – Bailie, Dr. Peter ………..•………… 716 – Layman with Power, Samuel l3. Capen. J. ~ Bernstein, Rev. Aaron …•..•••••••••••• 943 – Capen, Samuel B., of Boston. . . . . . . . . • . . •. 238 L. Barton ………………………. 247 – Chalfant, Rev. Frank H., of China …•… 397 – Daniels, Dr. C. H., of Boston …•…..•• 876 – Message to MohallllDelians (a) G. F. Herrick 5 – Dennis, Dr. James S., of New york …… 397 Christianity i. Doing for the World, What (a) – Diack, J. H ………………………… 716 S. B. Capen ……………………… 447 – Ginsburg, D. C….. .. . .. • • • . • . .. • .. • • . . •• 943 Christmas for Filipino Lepers …………•.• 954 – Haskell. Rev. Henry C., of Bulgaria •.•.• 476 – Tree, Magic ……………………….. 857 – Hazen; Rev. Hervey Crosby, of India …… 796 – – Old Colony'. Midsummer………….. 375 Church Army, English ………………… 66 – Judson, Dr. Edward, of New york ••••.•• 9$J> :;- Missionary Society …………………. 394 – Marsh, George D., ()f Turkey. • • • • . • • • . . . .. 318 . Clifton Springs Conference ……..•……… 391 – Michaelis, Mo,ris ………………….. 943 Clues to the Contents. Mrs. F. M. Gilbert, 1, 81, -Noyes, Dr. Henry V., of China ………. 397 – of Missionaries to Jews……………… ';143 161, 241, 321, 401, 481, 561, 641, 721, 801, 881 – Ogaw~, Rev. Yoshiyasu ……………….69 – – Way to Use …………………….. 537 – Owen, Rev. Geofie, of Cltina ……••….. 476 Color Line, No………………………. 76 – Penick, Bishop, of Africa .•…..••.•…… 476 Conference, Missionary Workers'………… 693 – South American Leaders' …………….. 803 – Robertson, Rey. H. A., ()f Errowanga …… 1i36 Conferences for Teachers, Missionary … , …. 646 – Scudder, Mrs. Jared W ……………….. 158 – Important World, during 1913………… 1 – Strong of Boston, Dr. E. E …………… 397 Confucianism and the Republic ………… 384 – Tidrick, Ralph W ……………………. 462 Congregation~1 Missionary Policy ………… 154 – Tucker, Bishop, of Uganda ••.•••..•.••..•. 716 Constantinople College and the Women of the – Williams, Bishop, of Tinnevelly ………. 956 N ear East (a) M. M. Patrick……….. 727 Decaying Churches of France (b) H. ¥. – United Evangelism in……………….. 565 – Y.M.C.A. ……………………… 68, 546 D'Aubigne ………………………. 593 Continental Missionary Statistics …………. 379 Delegate's Report. R. T. Hill. ……••••…• 460 Contiriuation Committee of the World Mission.. Dennis, James S. (a) R. E. Speer ………. 433 Detroit, American Board in (b) E. L. Smith 920 ary Conference, Meeting of the (b) A. Drink Curse, Stamping out the …………. 867 DuM, Rev. John L. …………………… 628 J. Brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Duncan, William, of Metlakahtla……….. 226 – – Progress of the…………………. 81 Dutch Mission in Celebes …•…………… 314 Contribution to Christian Missions (a) T. S. Eddy, Sherwood, in China ………….. 929, 951 Education, Chinese Valuation of Christian .•• 468 Barliour ………………………… 567 – for Girls in Turkey…………………. 564 Cooperation in Madagascar (a) H. T. Hodgkin 423 – Japanese Eagerness for………………. 234 – in South Africa (b) C. H. Maxwell ……. 125 Educational System in the Philippines, Place – Interdenominational ..•……. " . . . . . . .. 61 Coptic Church in Egypt. ………………. 872 of Religion in the (a) P. H. J. Lerrigo .• 525 _ Tendencies in Japan………………… 83 – Work in China, Great Gifts for …… 233, 549 EGYPT, Aw~kening on the Nile ..•.••….• 566 – Coptic Church in…………………… 872 – Ideal Evangelizing Agency in …………. 311 – Material Progress in………………… 74 – Recent Progress in (b) J. Krllidenier …… ~45 – Thanksgiving on the Nile…… . . . . . . . . . .. 236 Elat, Great Communion at ..•……….•…• 791 -~fore Good News from ……………….. 389

INDEX

PAGE PAGE England, Moslem Mission to …………….. 474 Gifts of 1913, Charitable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Enlisting the Young for Work………….. 66 Episcopal Church Mission in Cuba (a) A. W. – to Charity and Philanthropy………….. 552 Knight •……..•.•……………….. 193 – ,to Missions, British ………………….. 473 – – Ro';"'n Priests in the………. . . . . . . .. 625 Eskimo, Canadian ……………………. 864 – to Missions, Chinese ………………. '" 703 Eskimos 'Of the Frozen North (a) E. J. Peck .. 487 Gin, l3ibles or ……………………….. 312 Give to Missions Weekly. Why ………….. 61 Giving a Tenth ……………………….. 621 EUROPE, Events of 1913 in ….•. ,……… 1 – All Profits for God………………… 392 – Protestantism in ••..•………………. 66 – Students of Southeastern…………….. 622 – Invalid's Work for Missions ……….•••• 315 European Conflict…………………….. 643 – Royalty and Missions………………… 157 – of a Canadian Church, Missionary…. . . . • • 6S Evangelization of the Arabic Language. (a) – Why Give to Missions Weekly……….. 61 S. M. Zwemer …………………….. 364 Events of 1913……………………….. 1 Glasgow, What a Census Revealed in……. 228 Facts for Christians at Home, Three Missionary 513 Grass Maps on the Lawn ……………….• 373 Fakir and a Black Band……………….. 784 Famine in Japan …. '" ……………. , ••.. 470 Greece and Servia, Religious Liberty in …..• 475 – in South China …………………….. 952 Famines, Prevention of China's………•…• 786 – Protestants in …………………….. 395 Federal Council of Churches, Work of the… 156 Federated Missions in Japan .•………..•.. 325 Greene, Daniel Crosby, Glimpses of the Life Feet.washing in India ………………….. 706 Field·Marshals on Foreign Missions………. 713 and Work of (a) W. E. Griffis ………. 647 Fiji, Dan Crawford in •….•••……•.•..•• 955 – Church in…………………………. 86 GGuulaitcekm, aSlai,dnSeoymeLR..e.s.u.l.ts..i.n…………………..•…•…..•. 402 – Gospel Outlook in………………….. 543 393 Filipino Chapel at Campus Gate…………. 712 – Lepers, Christmas for ……………….. 954 Hague, Missionary Experts at The (b) A. J. Filipinos, Good Word for the …………… 955 Brown ………………………….. 111 – Prime Need of the (a) P. H. J. Lerrigo ..• 525 Hainan, Good News from ……………….. 307 Fire-Crackers, Missionary ……………… 537 Foreign Students in America ………….. 225 HAWAII, Christian Endeavor in ….•..•..•• 154 Foreigners in America ………….. …….~ – "Go to Church" in ………………. 554, 863 – – – Friendly Hand to. .. .. . . .. .. . .. . . . .. 944 – Great Church in……………………. 393 Formosa, Unreached Aborigines of ………• 790 Heart of Africa Mission …………..•….. 463 Heathenism. Cruelty of………………… 312 FRANCE, Awakening in……. 563 Hebrew Advance in Palestine … ~ ~ . . • . . . . . .. 464 – Christian Alliance ……………..••.•• 941 – Coming Back to religion …………….. 555 – Language in Palestine………………. 388 – Mission, Chicago …………………… 316 – Decaying Churches of (b) H. M. D'Aubigne 593 Hindu Alarm at the Mass Movements…… .. 382 – Device against Christians ….•……..•• 949 – Evangelical Progress in……………… 5 – Questions which Trouble ……………… 304 Hindus, Humanitarianism among . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706 – Moral Decline in…………………… 67 Holland, Missionary Interest in …………. 158 Holy Land, Conquest of the (a) A. E. Kelsey 895 ~ Spiritual Life in… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 246 Home Mission Board, Changes in Presby- French Soldiers, Work among…………. 946 terian …………………•……. 623, 725 — Work …………………………. 944 French Tract, Story of a……………… 395 – – Effort, United ………………….. 244 – – Institutes ……………………..•• 552 Frontier, America's Last (a) C. A. Wooddy .. 813 – – Trend toward Cooperation in (b) W.

Fulness of Time in the Moslem World (a) S. Platt ……………•••••..•…•…… 589 – Missionary Statistics ………………. 243 M. Zwemer …………•…………•• 175 – Missions Conference, Canada ………..•• 392 Honan, Appeal from ……………..•….. 870 Gaboon, Heard the Gospel by Accident…… 389 Hudson, George, Missionary Hero •….•….. "75 Ibiya, West African Pastor (b) R. H. Nassau 442 Gambling in Siam. Suppressing………….. 467 Idol·Worship still abounds in China …..••••• 787 Immediacy ……..••.•..•..••..••.•.••.••• 60S German Etnperor's Gift to Missions .. …… .. 229 Immigrant, What can we do for the. F. H.

– Gift to American Missions …………… 475 Rindge …………………………. 215 Immigrants as Missionaries …………….. 793 – Medical Missions …………………… 714 ~ Christian Welcome to ………………… 391 – Individual Work for the. l3elle III. Brain 214 – UNational" Gift for Missions …………. 229 Immigration, Campaign on ……………… 698 – Professor of Missions ……………….. 714 – Reformed Church, Report of the….. . . . .. 624 – Scholar as Missionary…….. . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 – Uniou in Cape Colony ………………. 646 INDIA, A. D. 1913…………………….. 30 GERMANY, Chair for Missions at the Uni- – America's Costly Gift ·to ……•……..••• 869 versity of l3erlin ………………….. 714 – Answered Prayer in………………… 232 – Gift, Mrs. Jessup's ………………….. 709 – Religious Census of. ……………….. 228 -Awakening in North ………………… M – to American Missions, German……….. 475 – Two Successful Jewish Missions in…… 943 -Changed Attitude of Moslems in………. 85 Gifts and Deficits, Missionary………….. 621 – Million Dollars for Missions ………….. 225 – Baptism of a Parsi Convert in ………… 150 – Call of the Crisis in (b) A. C. Harte ….. 269 – Centenary of Missions in …. . 149 – Christian Ideals in ……… . 705

PAGE PAGE India. Christianity and the Census in ••.••.• 303 Island World and Arctic Lands, Events of 1913 – Christward Mass·Movements In (b) T. S. in the…………………………… 2 D~nohugh •••……..•. . . . . . • . . . • • .. 135 – Colporteur's Perseverance in…………. 547 Islander's Church Costume.. . .. . . … …. .. . •• '17 – Conference of Village Mayors in………. 241 – Converted by Bible·reading in……….. 304 It Couldn't be Done-So he did it CPoem) .• 908 – Dancing Girl Curse in………………. 70 – Devotee Rolling 350 Miles in …………. 705 Italian Protestants in America ….. ~ . . . . . . . •. 553 – Events of 1913 in………………….. 2 – Feet-washing in ………….. _…. __ . . . .. 706 Italians, Mission Work for ……………..• '193 – First-Fruits of the Katkaris ………….•. 783 Italy and the Waldensian. F. Rostan ……. '. 592 – Fruit after Long Waiting in ……….. _… 150 – Further Signs of Life in……….••.•.. _ 84 – Church and State in …………………• 230 – Future Women of …………….. _. __ .. 303 JAPAN. Anglican Mission to Lepers in. _…• 871 – Great Joy in Christianity ……….•…… 630 – Great Methodist Gains in ……………. 784 – Appeal for Christian Statesmanship …….• 469 – Growth of Christianity in …………. _… 547 – Awakening in………………………. 2 – Loom as a Missionary Agency in ……… 706 – Buddhist and Christian Sects in ……….• 147 – Lowering the Flag of Paganism………. 632 – Mass Movements and Per~ecution in ..•… 465 – Calamities in ……. .- …………•.. a ••• 235 – Mass Movements in …•••…. _……..•. _ 241 – Missionary Survey of. .. , ….. ,…..•.. , ..• 151 – Case Against …•…………………… 235 – Missions have Cost. What…………… .. 69 – More as to Mass Movements in …..•…… 231 – Changes in 40 Years in ……………… 385 – National Missionary Council for ………. 325 – Ominous Conditions in………………. 231 – Charges Against …… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 308 – One Hundred Years Ago and Mow (a) J. – Christian Ambassador from ………….•. 393 – 4'l Christian Traitor" in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 701 E. Abbott ……………………….. 255 – One Man Wins Hundreds in ………….. 383 – Church Attendance in Tokyo ………….. 234 – One Text Evangelism in ……………… 150 – Ongole Mission Growth… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 783 – Church for Chinese Students in… . . . . . . .. 148 – Open Door for .Untouchables in .•……… 631 – Open School Doors in …………….. _.. 706 – Consecrated Life in ………………… 953 – Opportunity in …….. _. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. 484 – Praying and Working in ……… _…… " 805 – Daniel Crosby Greene-1ifissionary States- – Progress in the Panjab ………………. 631 – Saving the Boys and Girls of (a) Mina man of <a) W. E. Griffis ………….. 647 Mackenzie …………………… …. 261 – Death of the First Protestant Elder in ….• 469 – Saving the Children of Robbers in…….. 705 – Suttee up to Date………………….. 949 – Eager for Improvement in …………..•• 550 – Testimony from ………… _……….. _ 69 – Transformation Wrought in …..•..•••• 69 – Educational Tendencies in ….. , .. , . . . . . . . • 83 – Unique Missionary Institution in ………. 784 – Envoy from the Churches of ………… _. '188 – "Watchful Waiting" in ………………. 705 – What Christians Suffer in…… . . . . . . . . .. 383 – Evangelistic Campaign in ……………•• 406 – Women and Caste in ………………… 324 – Wonderful Spectacle in……………… 784 – Events of 1913 in……………. …….. 2 – Wonderful Transformation in ……. _. . . . . 92 Indian Missionary Council ……………… 466 – }"'amine in …•…………………….• 470 – Students, Call to…………………… 64 – Uprising in Natal. …. _…………… _…. 237 – Federated Missions in ……………….. 325 – What the Gospel did for an …………… 626 – Gospel Power in……………………. 73 Indians Appeal for their Countrymen …….. 467 .- Betterment of American …………….. ISf, – Great School for Women in………….. '188 – Efforts to help …………………….. 884 – in South Africa……………………. 164 – in the New. Old …………………….• 550 – Missions to •………………………. _ 793 India's Deaf and 'Dumb, Work for ………. 783 – Moving Mountains in Ca) Pierson Curtis .. 606 International Institute in China. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 538 Interc.ession and Information-two Essentials. — Newspaper Evangelism in …………….• 309 D. M'Conaughy ………………….. 934 – Open-mindedness in ……………….•• 95 Invalid's Work for Missions … , …………. 315 Ireland. Religious Crisis in. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. 564 – Plans to Evangelize…………………. 644 Islam in China. Pillars of (a) F. H. Rhodes .. 763 – Christendom United Against. _. __ • __ . _.•• 948 – Religious Divisions in……………….. 234 – Turning to the Lord .••…..•…….••..•. 629 – Remarkable Incident in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 73 – Revival Campaign in…………… , ….• 953 – Special ,Call for …………………….. '101 – Special Commission on …………. ,….. 635 -.- Training Sunday-school Leaders in …….. 634 -Unfinished Task in (a) H. B. Newell …… 673 – White Harvest Fields in…" …… , 83 Japanese Worker, Specimen …………….• 308 – Eagerness for Education ……………… 234 – Evangelistic Campaign (a) S. H. Wain· wright …………………………. _ 655 – in Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 483 – in Rescue Mission Work……………… 634 – in Sunday-school, Eminent ……………• 634 – Officials in America…………………. 226 – Prayer for a Church in Korea ………..• 386 – Report of Religion in Korea ………….• 387 – Rule, Better Side of. ……………….. 470 – Students, Chris,tianizing (b) KatsLlji Kato .• 274 – Studying Religion ………………….. 9 – Preaching Islam to the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 147 – Woman, Notable …………………… 701 – Women Rising …………………….. 309 – Women's Board of Missions ………….. 470 Japan's Interesting Premier ……………… 788 -Mission to the West ………………… H8 Java, Moslem Activity in……………….. 77 – Bible in …………………………. 955 PAGE PAGE Jerusalem. Social Survey of……. •• . • • . • . .• 701 Korea. WheTe the Gospel is News ……..•. 148 Jesup Mrs., Gift of……………………. 709 Korean Christianity …………….. , …. . 789 Jew, Christian and the (a) S. B. Rohold …… 283 – Church, Changes in the ……………. .. 701 Jewish "Conversion Epidemic" ………….. 881 –' Foreign Missionary Work . . • . . . . . . • • • . . . • 471 – Statistics •..•….•…..••••….•……•. 397 – Revival Continues …………………. . 73 Jews, Barbican Mission to the……. . . . . . • .• 394 – Students Accepting Christ …… , …..•• , …• 702 – a failure, Are missions to the (a) S. B. – Women to the Fore………………… . 387. Korea's Unrest •..•…•.•…•…•..•.•••••• 73 Rohold .••………………………• 887 -Awakening ……………………… .. 94 – Affected by the War ……………..•• 942 Laborers together with God (Poem), Lord '- barred from Palestine ……………….• 949 – "Christian Synagog" for ………..•..• , •• 473 Plunkett .,………………………. 824 – Czar and the ..•.••……..•……….•• 942 Lace, Missions and (Poem) W. M. Vories .•.• 496 – Outlook for Missions to .•…………..• 942 Lahore, Woman's Club in ……………… 383 Lambuth's Prayer Answered! Bishop.•..••••• 627 – Presbyterian Missions to…………….. 942 Languages, Oddities of Oriental .• ; . • • .• • .• •• • 70 Laos, Robbers Converted by a Tract in…… 232 – Successful Work Among Canadian ……… 711 – Time to favor Zion …………………• 561 LATIN AMERICA, Bible in (b) F. G. Pen· Judson Centennial in Burma. (b) F. M. zotti •.••.•.•………•……..••••.• , 839 Goodchild ……………………….. 368 – – Events of 1913, in……………….. 1 Judaism and Christian Missions, Study of Latin·American Students, Challenge of (b) C.

Official (a) S. B. Rohold ………….. 887 D. Hurrey ……………………… 272 – Contribution to Burma's Christianization. Lawyer's Prayer for Unselfishness ..•..•. , .• 524 Laymen, New Leader of……………….. 792 (a) H. C. Mabie ………………….. 347 Laymen's Missionary Conference .••.•••••••. 862 – Day and Ours in Burma ………..•….•. 305 – Movement in Canada ……..•… '" .•…. 156 – Dictionary, New Edition of. ….. _ …….. 631 Leadership, Qualifications for. T. H. P. Sailer 776 Kalgan Burned by Troops.. • . . . . . . . . . . . .. … 633 Leipzig Mission in Africa Transferred …… 954 Kamerun, Progress in ……………….. 75, 236 Leper Cure in the PIi'ilippines…………… 875 Kansas City, Student Volunteer Convention in. – Girl in Canton, Un Ho, Mrs. L. R. Mason .. 186 Lepers, Another Massacre of……. . . . . . . . .. 787 (a) D. L. Pierson………………… 99 – Chapel Needed for Louisiana ………… 944 Katkaris, First Fruits of the ……………. 783 – Christmas for Filipino……………… 954 Khama, Visit to King. .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . … 544 – Gifts for Missions in Siam ……………. 149 Kikuyu, Classes Among the ……………•• 237 – in Central Africa, Work for. …. " ……. 544 – Conference and Controversy ………….. 161 – i n Japan, Anglican Mission to …………. 871 ~ Controversy, Outlook in the ………….. 321 – i n Siam, Work for ………………….. 381 – Missionary Conference (a) ………….. 208 – in the United States …….. : ………… 864 -Mission to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556, 715 —Proposed Scheme of Federation. J. J. Li Hung Chang, Self·Revelation of (a) A. J.

Willis ………………………….. 210 Brown •..••……………………… 667 – – – How it arose and what it did. W. Lion kills a Missionary………………… 462 Liquor Curse in Russia ……•………….. 622 Chadwick ………. :……………… 208 – Problem in the Kongo ……………….. ' 462 – Virgin's Statue in …………………. , 463 Literature, Lure of Recent Missionary (a) Kings, Obeying Two ..••……………….. 318 Kinnaird College …………….•……… 785 A. V. Halsey……………………. 39 Kabe, Methodist School in ……………… 871 "Living Links," Work of the ………••…• 624 Livingstonia, Church Union in. . . . . . . • . . . • . .• 544 KONGO, Advance on the Upper ………… 312 Livingston's Descendants for Livingstonia …. 463 Locomotive as a Missionary…………….. 462 – Girl Problem in the …………………• 543 Los Angeles Bible Institute ………….••… 392 "Los Von Rom" Movements ………….•.• 796 – Liquor Problem in the………………. 462 London Jews' Society ………………….. 394 ~ Missionary Training Institute in ………. 317 – New Mission on the …………………. 311 ~ Young Women, For ……….. _………. 622 Lutherans, German, in Persia ………..•…. 782 – Region, From the………… 873 MADAGASCAR, Christian Teaching in ….. . 76 – Situation in the (see Africa) …………• 953 – Cooperation in (a) H. T. Hodgkin …….. . 423 – Events of 1913 in …………………. . 2 – Southern Presbyterian Church in the ….. 628 – Unity in………………………….. 313 – Villagers Wait for Teachers …………• 485 Magazines, Missions in the September…….. 799 Koran, Popular Edition of the ………….. 405 – Noteworthy Articles in October ……….. 879 Maharajah and the Bible ………………. A66 KOREA, Association Movement in ………. 551 Making of a Nation, Albania and the Present – Bible in …………………………. 147 – Child Evangelism in ……………….. _ 635 Opportunity. (a) C. T. Erickson…….. 187 – Christianity in ……………………… 871 – Christianity to Date in ………………. 235 Manchester, Rev. Herbert S …………….• 627 – Events of 1913 in………………….. 2 Manchuria, Missionaries Robbed in (st!e -Japanese in ………………………. 483 – Japanese Prayer for a Church in ……… 386 China) …………………………. 952 – Japanese Report of Religion in ……….. 387 – Modernizing …•.•……. :………….. 702 – Progress in ………………………. 552 – Progress in Pyeng yang…………….. 789 – Remodeling ………………………. 551 – Then and Now…………………….. 309 -Trial and Triumph in, J. L. Gerdine …… 120 – What a Student Y. M. C. A. can Report in 872 PAGE PAGE Manchuria, Scenes in………………….. 97 Morri., Philanthropic Schools of Palermo .••. 861 Map Trips Around the World……. . • . • . . • • S4 MOSLEM as a Missionary …………….. 311 Mandalay, Message from …………..•..•• 950 – Children, Campaign for ….•……•••.. '" 165 Marsden Centenary ..•………………..• 874 – Children, Great Gift to ……………… 315 Marshall Islands •…….•…………….. 77 – Converts, Death for …………………. 231 Mass Movement in West Africa …………. 805 – Hearts Touched in Persia…………… 310 – Movements and Persecution in India .. 241, 465 -Lands, Events of 1913 in….. ……….. 1 –Hindu Alarm at the ………………. 382 – Menace in South Africa Ca) S. M. Zwemer 733 – – in India, Christward Ch) T. S. Donohugh 135 – Mission to England ..•………………. 474 Mecca, Pilgrims to ……………………. 781 – PopUlation in China ………………… 145 Medical Journey in China, Result of a. . . . . . .. 870 – Region in Algiers, Typical. ………….•. 873 – Missionaries' Conference …………….. 716 – Report on Missions ………………… 309 – Missions, German ………………….. 714 – School for Girls …•..•…………….•. 304 – Wedge in Syria, Potent……………… 152 – Sheikh, Remarkable Reminiscences of a Meetings. Plans and Programs for Missionary 531 Converted. Cal A. T. Upson …. 45, 113, Men and Money for Missions, How to Secure ……………………. 200, 277, 361, 437 (bl J. R. Mott. …………………… 167 – Son's Testimony in Persia … , ……… '" 310 Men's League, Australian ……………… , 313 – Statistics, Recent •..•..•…..•………. 629 Menelik of Abyssinia ……..•………….. 237 – Views of Prayer……………………. 387 Merchants' Opinion of Missions …………. 472 – World, Fulness of Time in the <a) S. M.

Mesopotamia, Future of Cal A. K. Bennett.. 755 Zwemer …………………………. 175 Message of' Life. Josephine Norville …….. 746 Moslems and Christian Unity ..•…….. , ..•. 163 Messengers-Angels and Men …………… 174 – and Christianity .•….•…………….. 545 Methodist Centenary, Australian …………. 541 – Christian University for …………….•• 388 – College at Rome …………………… 395 – Fearless Dealings with ………………. 868 -Magic in Russia …………………… 623 – Great Host of…………….. . . . . . . . . .. 230 – Missionary Funds …………..•……. 63 – in India, Changed Attitude of. . . . . . . . . . • . • 85 – – Growth, Century of ……………… 157 – in Mission Schools ………………….. 230 — Protestant and the United Brethren churches _ Moral Laxity among………………… 465 to onite ………………………… 553 – Successful Work among ……………..• 708 – School in Kobe ……………………. 871 – World·wide Inlerest in …………….•.. 322 Metropolitan Tabernacle and its Missions…. 554 Mother of Two Missions-Mrs. William Butler Mexican Bible·Class, Results of a……….. 712 – West Coast, Religious Condition of the. (al (0) Lilly Rider Gracey…………….. 17 Molion Pictures and Missions………….. 886 C. Jenkinson …………………….. 169 Matt, John R., in Europe ……………..•. 88.? MEXICO, After the Revolution in (a) J. W. – – – t o Visit the Near East ………….. 709 Moving Mountains in Japan Ca) Pierson Curtis 606 Butler …………………………… 661 Natal, Indian Uprising In …………. ' .. '" 237 – Battles and Bibles in (a) Mrs. F. S. Needs, Two Imperative Missionary ……..•.. 302 Hamilton ……………………….. 909 Negro Achievement, Notable ……………• 626 – Demand Rib1es Revolutionists in ………• 393 – Leadership ..•..••.••..•…….•…….• 4Bl – Forward Step in ……………………• 641 New England. United Campaign for ……… 726 – Gospel Work Goes on in …………….. 227 ~ Missionary Program for ……………… 317 NEW HEBRIDES Catastrophe ………… 238 – Missionary Situation in ……………..• 299 – – Chief's Conversion in …………….. 713 – Outlook in ……………………….. 883 – – Evangelized Islands ……………… 77 – Romanism restricted in……. .. . . . . . . . . .. 722 – – Perils in the ..•……………….. , .. 876 – – Sad Conditions in the. (b) J. H. Harris 357 =- Statistics of Protestant Missions in …….. 661 §¥L~e fi:~trf:~ig~fnD~~~~~;" i~: ~ :::::::::: ~g~ ·NEW YORK:.Nine Hundred Pages of Chari· ties ……….•………………….. 710 Mexico's Long Struggle for Freedom (bl M. Sarabia …………………………. 770 – – Settlement Work in………………. 226 New York's Great Achievement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Meyer. Fund, Louis…………………… 59 – – Non·Churchgoers ………………… 625 Michigan Mission In Arabia, University of == :::::::::::::::: m . Cal L. C. Karpinski. ………………. 747 MIdsummer Missionarv Festival S. Sowton .. 374 Mid·week Missionary 'Meeting of the Ch''''ch 931 NEW ZEALAND Centennial. ………….. 541 Wctr;~~~ £t~~e~;,~~. ~~ T m Mini{}g Camps of Alaska, In the (al S. Hall Ni~eria, Mass Movement in …………….. 242 Ni e, Awakening on the……………….. 566 Missio~u'i!aIC Th~' (p~~;";i LHa'';'~:::::: – Mission Press, Egypt……….. .. . . . . . . .. 543 – Study Class ………………………. 774 —Printed Page and the (a) S. M. Zwerner ………………………..• 364 – – at the Mid-week Meeting…………. 937 Missionary Message the Only Cure ……….. 540 North America, Events of 1913, in……….. 1 –0 Teat Progressive …………………… 695 North, Dr. F. M., to Visit the Orient …….. 792 – Training Institute, London ……………. 317 Northfield, Charts and Posters at ………••• 855 -Were I an old ……………………… 556 Norway Foreign Missions ………………. 622 – Wonderful ………………•………. 379 Nurses, Need of Missionary…. . ……… 621 Missions Forging to the Front………….. 715 Okuma, Count …………. :…………… 788 — in the Curricu]um ………………….. 246 –Stands for Religion ………………. 871 – Really Mean, What …………………. 185 Omi Missi.on in an Unqccupied Province, FoundIng of the Ca) P,erson Curtis …… 606 Mohhmmedanism in West Africa (a) R. P. ougherty ………….. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 407 Ongole Mission Growth………………… 783 Mohammedans, Christian Message to (a) G. Open Secret, The (b) John R. Mott ……… 167 F. Herrick ………………………. 500 Opium in the Philippines………………. 542 Mohonk Conference ………………….. 884 – International Committee on ……..•…•• 396 ~oW?;-!ea~IPairffi~~Wd~::::::::::::::: .:::: ~i – suppression, S!,tback for…………….. 5$0 Pagamsm, Lowenng the Flag of………… 868 Moral Laxity Among Moslems …………… 465 Palermo, Philanthropic Schools of ……….• 861 MOrgenthall. Henry ………………….. 707 Palestine, Hebrew Advance in …………..• 464 Mormon Propa-'!anda Frustrated ………..".. 555 – Hebrew Lang11age in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 388 – Temp1e in Washington………………. 863 – Jews barred from …. '" ………….•••• 949 Moros; Appeal of the ………………… , .. 471 Pamphlets ……………….. 320, 480, 640. 720 PAGE PAGE Panama Exposition Religious Aspects of the •• 314 Roman Catholics in China…………… ; . . .. 704 l'anjab Woman's College in the …. ·.······· 785 – ~ .Tran~lating th~ Bible…………….. 245 Papua 'Good News from ..•…………….. ~ Priests In the EpIscopal Church ………• 625 Parable-Meeting of the Coins – ……… ".. . 635 Romanism, Notable Convert from……….. 65 Pastors Cooperative Plan for. E. W. M!ller 636 – restricted in Mexico………………… 722 Pastor~~ Experience. (a) R. F. Horton ….. . 935 340 ROME, Methodist College at. ………….. . 395 lleace Fund Church•…..•.. ················ 316 – Waldensian Church at •…••…………. 395 – War and (Editorial) ..•……..•.• ···•·• 941 Rumanians!:. Baptist Work among …. _. _… _ 947 RUSSIA, iquor Curse in ..•… _………. . 622 PEKING, Great 'Day in., .•………… , ., .. 15 – Methodist Mai~.in., …………..•….. 623 – NatIonal Proh,b,tion In ••••••••…..•…•. 946 _ Go-ta-Church Sunday lU ••••• ••••••••••••• 951 _ Y. M. C. A. in ……… ·············,··· 704 – Philanthropic Work in St. Petersburg …. 714 Pennsylvania, University of, Bible Class 10 .• 945 – Restrictions Abolished in •••………….. 866 – Temperance Movement in …………… . 565 PERIODICALS 479 Russian Contrasts ••..•…..•.. '" … " …. . 88 Everyland for Children..•.••.•..•..••… -•.• 479 – Tyranny, Protest Against. •…•.•……… 230 Sunday-school Times •••….••..: ……..•.. 465 ~ Sunday-scbool Did, What a …………. . 941 Persecution~ Mass Movements and, In Indla …. Sacrifice, Power of (b) S. M_ Zwemer ….. . 497 =_PECRhSarIaA~teBro y Sultan in ……… ···••·····• 867 Salad, Immigration ••……•…..•……..• 535 Building in .•…… ···•· .. ···••• 85 Salvation Army Congress ….•…………••• 713 _ German Lutherans in …. '…. : …..•….. 782 – — Progress ….••.•••.•.•………•….. 62 782 – – Sends out Workers .•..•………•…•• 865 _ Holy Moslem Town OccupIed m .•••• •••·· 310 SAMOA, Chinese Missionary to. . . . • . . . . . . . .. 542 _ Moslem Hearts Touched ••.•. ·•·····•··•·· 310 ~ Marvelous Change in ….•…………… 635 _ Moslem Son's Testimony……… ·.••···• 484 Schweitzer, Dr. Albert…………………. 67 _ Preaching Opportunities in……•.. ·····• Seaside, Evangelism by the … , ………..•.• 862 Persian Church In San Francisco ……••. ··· 473 ~ Moslems ask for Christian SchooL …… . 782 – Resorts, Missionary Services at, W. G. Ovens •.••.•••••••••••..••••••••.•••.• 371 Peru, Liberty and Revolution in ..•….. •···• 326 4 Second Coming, Missions and the ….. ___ … 380 ~~;~~uVe~~~~rtli~~:t~' i~::::::::::::::::: Self-Revelation of Li Hung Chang <a) A. J. 805 Brown ………………………….. 667 m ~le~~~P~!~~;,Att~~:I. ~~.~~e. ~~:~~: :: : : : :: Servia, Religious Liberty in Greece and…… 475 Settlement Work in New york …………… 226 =__ National Awakening in the (b) C. H. Brent ~~~ SHANGHAI, Christian Education for …… 384 ~r.:~::, f!~ ~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5 – Y.M.C.A. in •••••.••••••••.•…..••….. 385 354142 Shansi Officials' Offer Accepted. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 307 ~ Slavery in the …….•• ··········… – … – 8~~ – Progress in the Plans for……………. 550 __ Woman Evangelist Among Savages tn the .. Shantung, Evangelization in <b) R. C. Forsyth 116 _ United States and the..•…… , .. ··•···• Sheikh, Remarkable Reminiscences of a Con- Plans for the Year. Belle M. Bram. _…… 613 verted Moslem (a) A. T. Upson ~~b~;~;" Ta"g~th~~' ~iih' G~d·.· Lo~d' Pl;'~'keti 824 45, 113, 200, 277, 361, 437 ~ Praying or Planning. J. Andrews …….. 693 SIAM, Call for Help from ………………. 467 _ To Give is to Live ….. _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 692 – College Stud.ents .il}": ……………•… 381 PPoolrytogamRiy~o,CaCmhpuaricghnesAgiani.n.s.t.. _. .. . . . .. . . . . .. 64 – D~ead of EVIl SPirits 10 _ .••• _ •.••..•.•• __ 232 .. ·· · · · ·· · · · ··· 65 – Gbmpses of Missionary Work in (b) R. C. Jones . _………•…… , ……… " … 353 Prayer Following Work with ………. – . – -. 778 – ML<;p~rs GTifts for ¥issions in………….. 149 ~ in India Answered ……………. – . . .. 232 – ISSlon annery In •••••••••••••••••••••• 9S0 _ Moslem Views of .•……….. ··········· 387 s:;r~~gk:;::;i~~~: i~:::::::::::: :::::::: ~~~ 87- :::;'uppresslng Gambling in…………..••• 467 _ Profit in …•…..•••..•.•………….. 933 Work for .Lepers in …………………. 381 Presbyterian China Cam~aign …._……….. 63 _ Home Mission Board, Changes 10 •• 155, 623, 725 – Soldier·Evangelist in …………….. : •• : ~~~ _ Missions to Jews …………………… ····· 942 _ Recruits, New ………… ; .. ;/.:.: ….. 624 __ Southern General Assembly s MlsslOnary Declaration" ..•…..••……………. 710 ;;.- Ta~ar No!"ads in (b) W_ Davidson …….. 761 s!benan Pnsons •.•………………….. 71 Presbyterians at the Front ……. · ….. ····· 628 Sknga~ore, ~eeds of. …………………… 382 _ in China ..••.•..•.•••••.••….•.•…••• 704 s y-PIlotess ,n AustralIa.: ……………..•. 541 Present.Day Miracles (Poem) A. Crombie…. 530 =i~ ~~cft~~ip.p.i~:~:::::::::::::: Slaves set Free in Pres!:, Bureau, Missionary ……………… 621 . avery a L,ve Issue Stlll…………. 245 PPrrooggrraamm~ One Church's .•………. ·· .. ····· 699 : : :: . ::: :: ~3g1~4 for Missionary Meetings, Plans and 531 Assam………….. : : …. Pro]!ress Let the Pessimist Take Note…… 636 ~ Other' Signs of. ……. _. _… _. . . . . . . . . •. 225 Social Service in Missions……. . . . … 486 $:: Prohibition, In Favor of NationaL ……. – .. Soldiers and Sailors, Books for … : : .. : : : : : :: 554 = . Na~~~~a, ~.a.t:~~~I.• ::: :: : : : : : : : :: •… : : : :: 227 SOUTH AMERICA, New Interest in .••••••• 802 _ Progress •…..•……•…………….• 863 – – Philant.hropic Schools of Palermo .•…•. 861 South AmeTlcan Leaders' Conference…….. 803 Protestantism in Europe •.••………… ···· 66 Prussian State Church••..•••••.••.•..• , .••• 865 Publicity Missionary …•…………••…. 59 SPAIN, Notable. Da:y in …..•……..•..•.• 555 S~ Pro!e_stant UnIOn 10 •••••••••••.•••••••• _. 724 Punjab, &,l£-support in the. . . • . . . • . . . . . • . . .• 150 Reltglous Conflict in …•.. – …. – •. – .. _. .. 562 Putumayo • . . • . . • . • . . • . . . . • • • . • . . • . . . • . . .. 228 Race-Tracks, Evangelism at ………. _. . . . . .. 795 . peers, James M. …… ……. …• . .A.b•~•o~d 792 Racial Ty~. and Christianity………. – . .. 224 Spiritual Awakenings at Home and (b) M. T. ~M hi!oanrtrhirlolp.i.c. .W. .o. .r.k. ……. • • Ramaba;'s New Work for Indian Woman ..•.. lSI "!'e!ersburg, in …. • • 822 Reading' Contest Midsummer Missionary….. 376 St. : : 714 _ Stimulating :)ummer ••.•••………….. 376 ahstlcs-Amenca 5 Last Frontier…… 815 ~St Continental M.issionary' …•.•……•• :::: 379 Recent Progress in Egypt (b) J. Kruidenier .. 445 Recolplition Service for New Officers. . • • . . . .. 226 ~- for 1913 .F,?relgn MissIOn ..•.•…•… . • . . . 163 Home M,SSIOnary •.•…..•……•.. . 243 ~:~~nMi!f:!e~~ B~~i';n: u;'io~::::: ::: :: :: 716 – of Protestant Missions in Mexico ….. :::: 661 _ Missions Unite .••.•…•…………….. 63 – World at War .•. – .. , _….. _. … . .. • 843 Retrospect, An Instructive … _……… _.. " 945 Steel Works and a Mission .•….•…••. :::: 711 ~StteerpehoaPntoifcfo,n Pastor Simon………….. R&VIEW Editorial Staff……………….. • 223 Lectures, Open-Air ..•••••• : 318 -and the Mission Boards .••••••••••.•.•••• 223 : : : : 377 tudd, C. T. . .•..••…••………..•.••.•• 463 Revivals in American Colleges..•.•.•.••••.• 472 Student Volunteer Convention …•••..• : .63, 81 – Volunteers, Chtnese, I. H. Si ………… 281 :~~:~ g~ll,~~~c ~3eI1ro~!~':;; Ui8si~;'~::::: ~g~ PAGE Uganda. Wonderful Progress in (8) H. T. C. Weatherhead…………………… 599 Student Volunteers. in 1913, British …..•…. 554 Union and Unity in Missions ………… , .•. 301 _ Work in Bohemia ..•… : •..•.. :.······ .. • 715 – China Leading in Christian …………… 306 Students. Challenge of Latm·Amencan (b) C. – in Canada, Church………………….. 392 – in Livingstonia, Church……………… 544 D. Hurrey ………•…….. ·· '.: .. , .•.. 272 – Missionary Meetings, Belle M. Brain•.•••• 127 _ Christianizing Japanese Cb) Katsu)1 Kato.). 274 _ in Line for Missions, Five Thousand (a – Movement in China •………….•..•.. , . • 71 – Training Institute .•………•……….• 553 D. L. Pierson .•………. · ….. ·······• 99 Unitarianism and Missions .•……………• 315 _ of Southeastern Europe……………… 622 Unitarians to Take up Missions ………….. 155 Sudan, Anglo·Egyptian ……………….•. 74 United Campaign for 1914·1915 …………. 695 Suicides, Religion of. ………….. ··:··.··· 866 – – f o r New EnJ!land-…………………. 726 Summer Conferences and Schools of MISSion· 454 – – Work, Conttnued ……………….. 472 – Educational Program ………………… 471 _ ~1':,~i M:~ihods" ·ir~;';::.::;:: ::.:: :: ::: :::: 853 – Front in Mission Work Ca) J. H. Franklin 417 _ Months, Working for MISSIOns m, Belle M. Brain ……•…•…….•…………. 311 – Home Mission Effort. ……………….. 244 Sunday Observance in China……………. 469 – Missionary Movement •………….•…. 403 _ SchoDI Convention in Cuba. NatlOnal. …… 157 _ Schools and Missionary Societies, PractIcal – Theological College of South India .. : ….. 868 Work for•. ~elle M. Brain ..•……….. 613 Unity ahd Cooperation Conference……….. 161 _ _ Home MISSion •..•……..•………• 862 Surplus Material,. Utilizin.g ………………. 613 – in Madagascar …………………….. 313 Swedish Mission m AbYsslllla ..•.••……..•. 874 – Moslems and Cbristian ……………….. 163 Universities and Missions, American …•….• 645 – Foreigners in America ..•.•……….••.• 625 SYRIA, Boy Scouts .in..•.•…….. : . . . . . . . .. 95496 Unprecedented World Situation. (a) J. R. Matt 87 _ Gathering of Christian Students Ill….•. , • Unseen Resources, Drawing on, Belle M. Brain 291 – Planning a Campaign………….. . . . . . •• 16582 Vacation Missionary PreparatIOn in……… 396 _ Potent Medical Wedge in .••.•.. : ..•••••• Tatar Nomads in Siberia (b) W. DaVidson …. 761 Venezuela, Bible Institute in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 554 Teachers Missionary Conferences for…….. 646 -'-0 Needea in Turkey .•••••……………… 629 Volunteers, What Appeals to …………..•• 876 Temperance A Cb~nce for your boy …….. 955 _ British Drink Bill .•••••..•..•..•… ··.·· 318 Waldensian Church at Rome ………….•.• 395 – Fight Agai~st Alc~ho1. •……. , ………. 456045 – Movement 1n Russla••……………•…. – Italy and the, F. Rostan ……………. 592 Ten Nationalities at One Altar ………….•• 869 Testimony from India ……………. , ……. 169 Wanted: Spiritual Commodore Perry……… 386 – Under an Anesthettc ……. , ………… . 52 Texas, Moral Victories in ….. : •………. : • . 64 War and Missions ……………………… 721 Thanksjliving and Prayer III War Time – – – More About the (a) ……•••…..•• 922 Editorial •••.••••••••…•••……….•• 940 –Peace …………………………. 941 Thompson. Dr. Wardlaw, retires ………… 759144 Tiger and the Beggar Boy (b) W. W. Peter.. – Bibles and the European…………….• 795 – on Missions, Influence of the .•…..•….• 801 – – – Practical Effects of the…………. 843 – Pathos of the. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 867 – Time Thanksgiving and Prayer in. . . . . • •• 940 – World at (Statistics) …………….••• 843 Warfares, Two (Editorial) ……………… 939 Wednesday Night Club …………………. 696 Wesleyan Centennial …………………. 66 ::!~~e~is B~~lel~13' 547 i';: : ::; :: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: : 2 – Foreign Missions, One Hundred Years of (a) F. D. Walker ………………….. 505 -TibOe~t~anniO~godt:i:o:nes. ?r~~~. ~~~~~. ~~~.d..~~)..~~~~~ 34 – Missionary CentenniaL………………. 228 of European Idolatry……. . 382 WWehsytoSnn, oBuilsdhoIll?o.f..Z.a.n.z.i.b.a.r'.s..P.l.a.n…………………. 473 Tibetans Seeking Knowledge ……… , …… . 71 138 Wilder, Robert. at Robert College ……….. 464 Tithing Vindicated …………………… . "792 Woman Question, Bahaism and the (a) S. G. Tobacco Trust in Cbina ………………. . 145 Tokyo, Church Attendance in …………… . 234 Wilson ……………………… 739, 915 TopICS for 1914 ……………..•………• 60 Woman's College in the Panjab ………….. 785 Women, Chinese Church and Status of. ….•. 703 Tourists Notable Party of. …………… . 390 – Great School for Japanese…….•••..•••• 788 TransvM.l Hunger in Nortb ……………. . 709 Troops an'd the Gospel, British …. , ……… . 865 – of India, Future. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3{)3 – of the Near East, Constantinople College Tunis, Colporteurt~ E~perience in ……….. . 462 and the (a) M. M. Patrick………..•.. 727 -Modern EducatIon tn ……………….. . 627 Turkestan, New Work in .•……………… 707 – Turkish …•.•………•……………. 781 – Unite in Missionar; Effort…………… 242 – World Gathering 0 .••••••.•••..•..•.•••• 474 TURK;EY, A!"erican Ambassador Inspecting Women's Board of Missions, Japanese ……. 470 MISSions In ….••••••••••.•..•..•••..• 707 ~ Conference in Weihsien, China……….. 72 World at War (Statistics) .•………•….. 843 – American Interests in ………………. . 948 – Needs. What the ……………………. 796 – C~a.os in ~uropean ………………… . 630 – Situation, Unprecedented (a) J. R. Mott.. 87 – DISIntegratIon of ..•…•…………….. 947 Wrecking a Mission in the New Hebrides :…. Education for Girls in .•…………….. 564 Islands. (b) J. H. Harris ………….• 357 – Eighteen Years ago and Now …….••…. 90 Young Men's and Young Women's Christian – From Harem to College …………….. . 310 Association Campaij!"n in N ew York. • . . . . 3 – Gregorian Sunday·schools in ..•.•…….. 949 Y.M.C.A. and Foreign Missions ………..•. 157 – H!,sp'ital at Urfa jn …………..'……. . 388 – can Report, What a Student………….. 872 -MISSion Progress In ••..••.••.•..•…•••.• 152 – in Constantinople ……………….. 568, 546 – Outlook in ………………………. . 404 -Teachers Needed in ………………… . 629 – in Peking ………………………… 104 -The New ……………………….. .. 152 – in Shanghai ..•……………………. 385 – United Evangelism in Constantinople ….. . 565 Young Men's Christian Associations of South Turkey's Crisis .•…..•.•…………….. 882 America ••……………………… .803 Turkish Capitulations and Missions, What Young Women, For London. '" …………. 622 About the (a) G. R. Montgomery …… . 903 Young Women s Christian Association. World- – Moslems, Bible Among …•……….. 546, 948 wide Work for. (a) A. Estella Paddock 327 -Women …………….•…•..•..•..•.. 781 Yuan Shih Kai, President………………. 385 Twice·Born "Turk" (a) A. T. Upson – – on Religious Liberty………………. 704 Yucatan, Slavery in…………………… 861 45, 113, 200, 277, 361, 437 UGANDA, African King Lays a Corner·stone 74 Yunnan, Idol burning in ………………. 468 Zion, Time to Favor…………………… 561 – Bible in Peculiar Form in …… , ……… . 709 Zionist Opposition to Missions………….. 230 – Children's Meeting in ………………. . 791 Zulu King, Funeral of a ……………….. 390 – Christian King of………………….. . 874 – Moving Cbristward in ………………. . 406 – Politics and Missions……………….. 628 – Revised Version in ………………….. 545 – not Evangelized th~' Co"spei' i';: : : : : .. …. :.. : 544 Zululand. United Work in ………………. 545 – Transfortned by 544 Zwemer, Samuel M •…••.. , ……………. 311