The Missionary Review of the World — June 1910

OF THE WORLD'S MISSIONARY

Edinburgh, Scotland, June 14 to 23, 1910 President, The Right H.on. L.ord Balf.our, cit ~~rleigh, K. T.

Vice-Presidents The Right H.on. L.ord Reay, Sir J.ohn Kennaway, Sir Andrew H. L. Fraser British Executive Committee The Master .of P.olwarth and Duncan McLaren, Esq ……………….. .Joilt-Chairmen Mr. J. H. Oldham, M.A., and Kenneth McLennan ……………………… Secretaries American Executive Committee Rev. Arthur]. Brown, 0.0…………………………………………. .Chairma;J Rev. Henry Carroll, LL.D., and Wm. Henry Grant, Esq ………………… .Secretaries Continelltal Executive Committee Bish.op Benjamin La Trobe …………………………………………. .Chairma;£ Rev. J ttlius Richter, D.O…………………………………………….. Secretary The Commissions 1. Carrying the Gospel unt.o all the K.on-Christian W.orld. Mr. J.ohn R. M.ott ………………………………………….. . ChairmaIJ Rev. George Robs.ol), D.O., and Rev. Julius Richter, 0.0……… Vice-Chairmen II. The Native Church and Its W.orkers. Rev. J. C. Gibs.on, D.O., …………………………………….. . Chairmalt Rev. Walter·R. Larhbttth, 0.0………………………….. " Vice-ChairmaIJ III. Educati.on in Relati.on t.o the Christianizati.on .of Nati.onal Life. The Bish.op .of Birmingham …………………………………… Chairman Pr.of. Edward C. M.o.ore,D.D…….. , …………. " ………… Vice-Chairman IV. The Missi.onary Message in Relati.on t.o N.on-·Christian Religi.ons. Pr.of. D. S. Cairns, 0.0……………………………………… . Chairlll:l1I Mr. R.obert E. Speer, M.A……………………………….. Vice-Chairman V. The Preparati.on of Missi.onaries. President W. D.ouglas Mackenzie, D.D………………….. . …. Chairman Pr.of. J. O. F. Murray, 0.0…………………………….. ,. Vice-Chairnwl!

VI. The Home Base of Missions. Rev. James L. Bart.on, 0.0……………………………………. Chairman Herr Frederick Wurtz, G. W. MacAlpine, and Rev. ]. P. Maud … Vice-Chairmen VII. Relati.on of Missions t.o G.overnments. Lord Balfaur ………………………………………………. Chairmal! H.on. Seth L.ow…………………………………….. Vice-Chairman VIII. C.o.operati.on and Unity. Sir Andrew H. L. Fraser, LL.D……………. '" ………… , ….. .CllJirman Mr. Silas McBee ……………………………………….. Vice-Cluirm::w PORTRAITS IN THE FRONTISPIECE (I) L.ord Balfour '; (2) -H.on. Seth Law; (3) Rev. Walter R. Lll11buth, O.D.; (4) Bish.op La Tr.obe 1; (5) Dr. Eugene St.ock; (6) Rev. Harlan P. Beach, D.O.; (7) Rev. James L. Bart.on, D.O.; (8) Dr. Julius Richter; (9) Rev. ]. Campbell Gibs.on, 0.0.1 ; (IO) Rev. Arthur J. Drown, D.O.; (II) Rev. H. K. Carroll, LL.D.; (12) Hon. Duncan McLaren'; (13) Mr. J. H. Oldham; (14) Mr. Jahn W. W.o.od; (I'=;) M.ornay Williams, Esq.; (16) Sir Andrew Fraser l ; (17) Rev. R. Wardlaw Th.ompson, D.D.; (18) H.on. S.

B. Capen, LL.D.; CIY) Wm. J. Scheiffelin, Ph.D.; (20) Rev. Professor "George Owen; (21) Rev. Pr.ofess.or D. S. Cairn.'

1 Copyright bY"'Eiliott & Fry. 2 Photograph from Laf.ay~t.te, London. :l Photograph from Alex. Ayton, Edinburgh. 4. Photograph bl Hardie, Aberdeen. _.- (See other side for names of officers and copyright notice)

<Jhe 8lissionary 'l?..eview

of the World VOL. XXXIII. No.6 JUNE, 1910 VOL. XXIII. No.6 Old Series New Sers..

SIGNS OF THE TIMES THE MOVEMENT TOWARD PEACE Knox and Luther, in the ecclesiastical The emergence of ex-President sphere, and Alfred the Great, Ferdi- Roosevelt from African wilds is again nand, Charles the Fifth, Garibaldi, pushing him to the front as a pac- Lincoln, in the national and govern- ificator. The newspapers and tele- mental sphere, and Bacon, Newton, graph wires have been unusually busy Edison and Kelvin in the scientific announcing conferences with kings and philosophic, has turned a crisis and emperors and publishing conjec- and inaugurated a new era. In our tures as to possible negotiations and day there are several problems that preparations for reduced armament are waiting for a solution and he will and restricted warfare. In Italy it go down to history as one of the great- is reported that this marvelous man, est benefactors of the race that shall who just now seems to have peculiarly solve anyone of them: the problem the ear of the world, deplored the of the Church and the masses, of cap- rapidly increasing armies and arma- ital and labor, of the drink traffic and ments of our day; and it is said that social evil, of the regulation and re- only the unprecedented activity of striction of trusts, of equitable taxation other leading nations like Britain and and representation, of popular suffrage Germany in building Dreadnoughts and its limits; of the adjustment of the compels him to urge the United States balance of power in legislative bodies to keep her navy abreast of other peo- like the Lords and Commons; and ple. last, not least, the displacing of armed Mr. Roosevelt himself prefers a conflicts by pacific arbitration.

Hague court, and a parliament of man, To this last matter attention has to any number of soldiers or seamen, been drawn in a very unusual degree and the white flag of truce to any war since the establishment of the first banner. Certainly, our ex-President Hague tribunal in 1900, and prov- seems to have a unique chance to do a identially Mr. Roosevelt has been a service of incalculable value to the race prominent factor in actual arbitration.

in promoting progress toward that During the past twenty years not only blest goal, where the nations shall has peace talk been common, but learn war no more. No man in our peace measures have prevailed. Nearly day has had opportunity to do so sig- seventy arbitration treaties have been nal a service. There have been times signed in our century, and the prayer in history when the action of a single for world-wide peace has been both man, like Origen and Augustine, more universal and hopeful. Moreover, the mutual acquaintance of na- bitterness and provokes revenge. Dis- tions, formerly strangers and es- turbances are contagious; they kindle tranged, has been promoting inter- new strifes and persecutions; they course commercial and social, and sometimes rock a whole nation in con- laying a formation of common under- vulsions. The amount of mission standing which makes warfare less property destroyed in the last quarter- likely as a resort, because misappre- century is incredible in the aggregate, hension is being corrected and a com- and it is the result in most cases of mon interest pleads for recognition. alienations that have come through Mr. Roosevelt is to give at Christiania armed conflict, with its anti-foreign the Nobel peace prize lecture, accord- prejudices. It is a time to repeat the ing to the custom of recipients of that great chant of the angels at Bethle- prize; and this again furnishes a great hem, "On earth peace, good will to opportunity to advocate a peace tri- men."

bunal, and any word well spoken now THE RIOTS IN HUNAN will find millions of listening and sym- The unrest in China is the natural pathetic ears. result of an awakening nation. The It seems to us that here is a man people are beginning to think and act lifted by force of circumstances to a more vigorously and have not yet pedestal which may become a throne of learned self-control. In our April num- influence, world-wide and beneficent. ber (page 244), we called attention to Such a man has a certain right to the spirit of unrest and the danger speak with authority. What if at the of an anti-foreign demonstration Norway capital he should boldly plead which might be serious. Recent riots for a supreme peace parliament at the against the missionaries and other for- third Hague conference-for a sort of eigners at Chang-sha made it neces- constitution, framed with consent of sary to send British gunboats to that all the leading powers of the world, city. The American cruiser Cleveland constraining the settlement of all was ordered to Hankow with a force major and minor disputes, and restrict- ready to go up the river if there were ing by general agreement all warlike further disorders. Chang-sha is a city preparations, etc. We are not jealous of nearly 300,000 inhabitants on the for prominence to any man, but for Siang-kiang, a branch of the Yang- prevalence of right principles; but it tse-kiang, about 250 miles above Han- behooves every man to ask whether he kow. Among the missions attacked is "come to the kingdom for such a and burned are those of the United time as this," and whether his hand is Evangelical Church, the Yale Foreign providentially on the helm. Missionary Society, the China Inland Peace measures are not simply Missionary Society, the Christian and philanthropic; they have a wide bear- Missionary Alliance, the London ing on world missions. Warfare, Missionary Society, the Protestant whether in preparation or action, ab- Episcopal Mission, and the Wesleyan sorbs time, money and strength that Missionary Society. The Americans ought to be given to the gospel of and Europeans took refuge, without peace; every conflict promotes es- loss of life, on a merchant ship lying in trangement, leaves behind it seeds of the Siang-kiang River, and some of

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

them afterward went down the river January 16th, and during the first to Hankow. The local authorities eight days four meetings were held were helpless in. dealing with the daily. At 7 A.M., the native Christians rioters, and news of the rioting soon met and prayed devoutly, and often spread to the surrounding country and tearfully for the unsaved. At I I A.M., many small outbreaks occurred in out- at 3 P.M., and at 7 :30 P.M. Pastor Ding lying villages. The Japanese con- preached to large congregations which sulate and other foreign property were overcrowded the new church building, attacked and destroyed, including the tho it has a seating capacity of 500. Yale Mission and China Inland Mis- The greater half of these congregasion. It is a great cause for thanks- tions was usually composed of the ungiving that there was no loss of life evangelized relatives, friends, and among the foreigners, and some of neighbors of the native Christians, these, including missionaries, have al- while also many of the city's merchant ready returned to the city. A new amI gentry classes, hitherto untouched governor, Yang Wen Ting, has been by the missionaries, attended. The atappointed, who reports that he has tention given was intense. The evancontrol of the situation. gelist's peculiar style of preaching greatly appealed to his hearers. His There is a great contrast in the discourses might almost be called present circumstances and those dur- "Song Sermons," for they were intering the Boxer riots just ten years spersed with solos of his own singing ago. Then the Peking government on the Love of Christ, the Necessity and many of the local officials issued of Repentance, and kindred themes. edicts of extermination against for- Prayer was a marked feature of each eigners; now the Chinese authorities service. Seasons of prayer led by one, are doing all they can to repress the or two, or three, or four, one after anriots. The cause of the disturbance other, were frequent and general. seems to be the advance in the cost of rice and a general feeling that foreign- Sometimes very specific confessions ers are influencing the government. of sin were heard. Intercession for The rioters wished to call attention to the salvation of relatives and friends their grievances. Hunan has always was almost constant. Sometimes ten, been an anti-foreign province and it or fifty, or three hundred voices would was not until after the Boxer rebellion be raised to God at one time, the that missionaries were permitted to sounds falling and rising and falling reside there. again, as the sound of many waters. There were frequent answers to the THE REVIVAL OF 1910 IN I-CHOW-FU prayers for the conversion of others. One of the most remarkable revivals A teacher of Mandarin for whose sal- vation many had been praying long in the history of Christian missions in and earnestly, early declared himself China has just been experienced at willing to receive instruction. An in- I-chow-fu, in Shantung province. It fluential servant, who had been keepis vividly described by Rev. P. P. ing three others out of the kingdom, Faris, who says that the leader of the was won over, and the others came revival, the Rev. Ding Lee May, has with him. More than one backslider been most successful in his ministry at Shantung. The meetings began on

responded to the power of prayer and Truly, the Lord was in the revival came back into active Christian life. at I-chow-fu in the great heathen em- During the first 13 days of the revi- pire. val 1,060 Chinese handed in their names as wishing to study the gospel IS TIBET TO BE OPENED? and receive baptism. These names of inquirers were announced publicly, The flight of the Dalai Lama is and after each announcement it be- probably the signal for the unlocking came common for all to break out into of the doors of this the last conspicunited thanksgiving and prayer. uous "hermit nation." The Chinese Foreign Office seems to think so. If The native Christians did much per- it be true, this is one of the most sonal work, in which they were ma- marked events of all modern history terially helped by the catechumens. and signs of the times. Tibet has been Frequently inquirers, who took their the most exclusive and intolerant of stand after the services began, at once all Asiatic nations, less known to the commenced to labor among friends world than any other. With a terriand relatives, and tried to bring them tory of 600,000 to 800,000 square to the services. Increased zeal, a miles, and a popUlation of 6,000,000, greater interest in Christianity, and a it has been the central shrine of Buddeeper knowledge of the gospel be- dhism. The government has been in came evident everywhere, and the the hands of a singular hierarchy, the spiritual life of the 260 native Chris- chief priest of which is known as the tians in attendance was greatly quick- Dalai Lama, and the second the Bogdo ened. Lama. Commerce is in the hands of the government and closely watched. Mr. Faris thinks it probable that Despite Chinese control and Indian never before in China's history has so influence, this small territory has been large a number of her people accepted a locked chamber to missionaries and Protestant Christianity in so short a even to modern civilization. Six years time. The inquirers include men from ago the Dalai Lama intrigued with all grades of society, and rich and Russia, and the result 'was Colonel poor, scholars and unlearned, coolies Younghusband's famous march into and merchants are among them. The the forbidden capital, Lhasa. After opportunity is almost overwhelming, the long and unwelcome visit of the and the missionaries are in need of Tibetan ruler at the Chinese court, and help and prayer. his compulsory return, China found it expedient to send into his country a Pastor Ding, the instrument used by military expedition, which led to a the Lord for the kimlhng of the revi- new escapade of the Lama into India, val, is a man of prayer. Less than where he found a cold reception by forty years old, he has a remarkable the British, however warm on the part knowledge of the SCrIptures, and great of his Buddhistic adherents. The Chiability to use it. He is filled with the nese have appointed one of the signers spirit and lives his faith. His preach- of the Younghusband treaty, Ti Riming is simple, direct, and persuasive, poche, Sven Hedin's friend at Lhasa, and under his leadership more than as regent. Much disorder exists in the 2,400 heathen became inquirers during hitherto closed land; but like other the past year.

OF THE

radical revolutions in Asiatic empires, It is now only thirty-three years· it seems to be God's way to prepare since, in June, 1877, the first two for the gospel. Indeed, there seems missionaries of the C. M. S. arrived in to be an almost universal overturning Uganda and were welcomed by King as well as upturning in Asia, scarce a Mtesa. Now more than one-half its nation being now quiet, except Siam, population-360,ooo of the Bagandawhich is singularly apathetic and un- profess Christianity, and still the work progressive. goes on. We feel imprest by such events as these, and what is now ta- THEN AND NOW IN AFRICA king place, even more wonderfully, in Korea, that it is the purpose of God in Rev. Walter T. Currie, of Chisamba, the latter days of this dispensation that vividly describes the progress of mis- there should be, in heathen lands espesion work at one of the prominent out- cially, a host of converts like doves in stations, Chiyuka, thus, "Then (i.e., flocks flying to the dove-cote. How eleven years ago) a smaIl room held the Church should be stimulated to all that would gather for a Sunday prayer, to new and larger giving, and service. Now, they have deserted a to far larger going and sending. building three times enlarged, and the one recently built was last Sunday DEPARTMENT OF CHURCH AND filled to overflowing by a congregation LABOR OF THE PRESBYdeclared by the ushers to have num- TERIAN CHURCH bered 1,094. Then, Dr. James Johnston, passing through, wrote that the Seven years ago the Department of chief was my friend, but that the peo- Church and Labor of the Presbyterian ple knew nothing of the gospel and Church was established, and Rev. they had no schools. Now, there are Charles Stelzle was placed at its head. 88 children in the kindergarten, while Far-reaching results have been accomthe teachers in the adult school declare plished, under God, by him in that that the school hours are too short for short space and the department stands the work they have to do. Then, the before the world to-day as the most worship of fetishes was general. Now, efficient agency of its kind throughout the gospel is making such progress the world. Of the great results we that seven people-four men and three quote the following from its brief rewomen-recently brought their fetish- port of the seven years' work: Recordes, saying they had no use for them breaking religious mass-meetings for as they had learned better words and working men are being held; I57 mina truer way to happiness and life. At isterial delegates of various denominathe same service fifteen young people tions are now in service in 117 cities as stood up and, professing their desire fraternal delegates to central laborto foIlow Jesus, were admitted to the unions, many of them serving as chapclasses for probation. On the follow- lains to organized labor; a labor press ing day I united in Christian marriage bureau has been founded and a refive young couples, and when they all ligious article, furnished by it, is being knelt in a row for the final prayer and published by 350 weekly labor papers; benediction of the service, my heart a working men's temperance movecried out, 'Praise God for what He has ment has been started, to do .away with wrought among this people.' " the evil of holding labor meetings back

of or over places where liquor is sold; nected with Jewish congregations. In noonday shop-meetings have been es- discussing this fact, The American He- tablished almost throughout the coun- brew.. the leading orthodox Jewish pa- try and the establishment of industrial per of the country, says: "But in I906 parishes has been aimed at; the atti- it may be conservatively estimated that tudes of the Church and of organized there were certainly no less than labor toward each other have been rev- 1,000,000 Jews in this country, and olutionized and become more favor- that more probably there were two able than ever before, so that the great millions. What religious connection annual meeting of the American Fed- had these hundreds of thousands of eration of Labor regularly receives Jews who were connected with no con- Mr. Stelzle as a fraternal delegate, gregation? It would appear that one- and his message is always given a most half, if not more, of the Jews of this cordial hearing. country have been lost hold of by the synagog. Now, the figures may not But the Department of Church and be so large as these indicated. There Labor has also entered into a study are more than 1,769 Jewish congrega- of the problem of the country church, tions, but there are very few more ap- and conferences on the important sub- parently. A great many orthodox ject have been held, especially in the Jews also worship in the chevras States of the East and of the Middle (rooms of charitable societies), and West. One hundred and seventy-two these evade the observation of the sta- students have been enrolled in the cor- tistical inquirer. Nevertheless, these respondence course in applied Chris- figures indicate fairly that the synagog tianity, while the sociological library is not holding Jews as much as it has been of useful service to many. could." The great conference held under the auspices of the department in New The Reform Jews also recognize the York in December proved most help- loosening of the hold of the synagog ful and instructive, so that such a upon the large masses of the de- conference will probably be held every scendants of orthodox, Yiddish-speak- year. ing Jews. Their Central Conference of American Rabbis therefore de- Thus the Presbyterian Department cided, at its meeting in New York in of Church and Labor has succeeded 1909, to circulate among them reform under the leadership of Rev. Charles Jewish tracts in the Yiddish dialect, Stelzle, and its SHccess has stimulated and thus attempt to bring about a re- other denominations to establish simi- vival of that which these reform lar departments. rabbis call Judaism.

JEWS NEGLECTING THE SYNAGOGS It is time for the churches within In 1906 there were 1,769 Jewish the Jewish quarters of our great cities to come to a realization of the disin- congregations in the United States and tegration of American Judaism, and – each of these had an average member- to include the Jews within their par- ishes in their regular activity. ship of 450 persons, according to the census bulletin. Thus 800,000 Jewish men, women, and children were con-

A CONGRESS OF MISSIONARY

THE GREAT WORLD MISSIONARY CONFERENCE AT EDINBURGH, SCOT- LAND, JUNE 14 %0 %3. 1910 BY DELAVAN LEONARD PIERSON It would be difficult to estimate the leaders in particular. They also benefits to the progress of the King- brought into united conference the dom of God that may come from the workers of many different denomina- meeting at Edinburgh of the experts tions and thus promoted the spirit of and students of world-wide Christian comity and cooperation and paved the missions. The greatest men of the age way for further federation and unity.

are engaged in doing the greatest The great ecumenical conference work in the world. Almighty God, in New York in 1900 was a powerful who created the universe and placed demonstration to the world, show- man on earth, has commissioned His ing the magnitude and importance of Church to proclaim to every creature world-wide missionary work. The the good news of His love and of sal- meetings were inspirational and edu- vation through Christ. The revealed cational. Statesmen, business men, purpose of God is that all nations shall the secular press and nominal Chris- come to know and acknowledge Him tians were imprest with the character as God. The Christians who are help- of the work and the workers. Since ing forward this work are in a pecu- that day the work of foreign missions liar sense partners with God in his has been less on the defensive and the great enterprise. They are planning danger has been more from superficial and forwarding not only the things popularity than from neglect. Since of time but the business of eternity. the date of that conference, missionary The Edinburgh conference is of un- literature has vastly increased, mis- paralleled importance because of the sionary study classes have been started subject which is to occupy its attention, and have multiplied, missionary con- the men who are to engage in its coun- ventions have become popular and the cils, the thought and prayer that have Young People's and Laymen's Move- marked its beginning and the develop- ments have stirred the Church and the ment of plans, also by reason of the business world.

attention it is sure to attract from the The Edinburgh conference is to be outside world and because of the plans conducted on .a different plan. The and policies that are to be presented audience at the main meetings in As- for the future work. sembly Hall will be made up of repre- This decennial conference will be sentative delegates from all the in marked contrast to those that have branches of the Protestant Christian preceded it. The early meetings in churches of Europe and America. The London and Liverpool were prelim- subjects to be considered are largely inary and did not attempt much more technical and pertain to the fields, the than to gather some leading advocates basis, the policy. the problems, and of missions for platform addresses. the methods of missionary work They succeeded in bringing some im- among non-Christian peoples. Prot- portant topics to the attention of the estant missions among Roman and Church in general and of missionary Greek Catholics have no place either

in the reports presented or in the plat- which the Christian Church is fulform discussions. Among the great filling the great commission of Christ. subjects considered are: Statistical tables have been prepared; a new mission atlas is to be published, (I) The present extent of occupa- in which the location of every society tion of the world-field and the amount and station is to be shown; the quesof unoccupied territory. tions of future policy, strategy and forces are to be considered in the light (2) The best development of the of the opinions exprest by hundreds of native Church .and native workers in Christian workers. Among other non-Christian lands. questions are the adequacy of the present occupation of various fields, (3) The place of education in mis- the present opportunities for agsions and the dangers and advantages gressive work, the most effective of intellectual training of natives. agencies and methods of work, the relative value of the policies of concen- (4) The essential message to be tration and diffusion of forces, the given in carrying the gospel t~ all the relative importance of work for the world. classes and for the masses and the need for special attention given to e5) The best preparation for mis- certain fields.

sionary workers. The chairman of this commission is ( 6) The responsibilities and meth- Mr. John R. Mott, general secretary of the World's Student Christian Fedods for the churches in the home land. eration. Other members of the com- (7) The problem of missions and mission are Rev. George Robson, of the United Free Church of Scotland; governments – relation to politics, Pastor D. Julius Richter, coeditor with persecutions, etc. Professor Warneck, of the Allgemeine Mission Zeitschrift; Prof. Harlan (8) The extent and true basis de- P. Beach, author of the "Geography sired for interdenominational and in- and Atlas of Protestant Missions"; ternational cooperation and unity Rev. James S. Dennis, D.D., author among the Christian forces engaged of "The Centennial Survey of Forin the missionary campaign. eign Missions," etc.; Rev. F. P. Hag- gard, of the American Baptist Mis- Each of these general problems or sionary Union; Dr. R. P. Mackay, of series of problems is committed to a the Canadian Presbyterian Board of carefully selected commISSIon of Missions; Rev. Charles R. Watson, of eighteen or twenty experts. Their re- the United Presbyterian Church; Dr. ports are prepared in advance and Samuel M. Zwemer, of the Reformed consider in detail the various phases Church in America; Bishop Montof the topics that will come up for dis- gomery, secretary of the S. P. G.; Dr. cussion at the conference. The whole Eugene Stock, of the C. M. S.; Rev. time at the business sessions will be A. Taylor, of the British and Foreign devoted to a discussion of these re- Bible Society; Marshall Broomhall, of ports and to outlining policies to be recommended. for .adoption by various boards, societies and missions.

The commissions and their members are the following: I. The Geographical Commis.ion To this commission is assigned the task of a study of the world-field to discover and report on the extent to

the C. I. M.; Mr. Frank Lenwood, of of the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary the London Missionary Society; Miss Society; Rev. Canon Cunningham, of Ruth Rouse, of the World's Student the Cambridge Mission to Delhi; Christian Federation; Pastor Alfred Bishop Hine, of Zanzibar; Rev. Dun- Boegner, director of the Paris Evan- can Travers, of the Universities Mis- gelical Missionary Society; Bishop sion to Central Africa; Inspector LaTrobe, of the Moravian Church, Spriecker, director of the Rhenish and Pastor Vilhelm Sorensen, suc- Society; Rev. F. Bayles, of the C. M.

cessor of Dean Vahl as editor of the S.; Rev. R. Wardlaw Thompson, of N ordisk Missions Tidskrift. the L. M. S.; Mr. Duncan McLaren, JI. The Nativo Church of Edinburgh; Rev. S. H. Chester, of the Presbyterian Church (South); The second commission has been Rev. R. J. Willingham, of the South- given the task of bringing forward the ern Baptist Convention; Mr. Harry problems relating to the native Church Wade Hicks, of the Young People's and its workers in the mission fields. Missionary Movement; Rev. Alex.

These problems are the more com- Sutherland, D.D., of the Canadian plex in that they relate to many de- Methodist Society; the Bishop of nominations, many lands, many races, Aberdeen (Rev. Rowland Ellis, D.D.), and varied social and intellectual con- and Principal Ellis Edwards, of the ditions. There has been corre- Welsh Calvinistic Methodists.

spondence with about six hundred cor- III. Education and Missions responding members on the mission fields, many of them native Christians, On this important subject there is and their replies have been collated wide differences of opinion. Some so- and digested. The problems include cieties believe only in preaching the Church organization and policy, con- gospel and others in elaborate higher ditions of membership, transfer and education with non-Christian instruc- discipline, training for Christian work, tors. The problems are related to salaries, native societies, spiritual the development of national leaders fruitfulness and theology and litera- for Church and State. Questions ture in the vernacular. The points of were sent to five hundred missionaries weakness and strength and the method to gather their opinions as to the chief of highest development are to be care- aims and ideals of education on the fully considered. mission fields, the best policy and The chairman of this commission is methods for schools and colleges and Rev. J. Campbell Gibson, D.D., a mis- the practical results of this phase of sionary of the English Presbyterian the work. The report of this com- Church and author of "Mission Prob- mission includes the consideration of lems and Mission Methods in South literature, teaching, industrial work, China." Other members are Rev. etc.

Walter R. Lambuth, secretary of the The chairman is Bishop Gore, of Missionary Board of the Methodist Birmingham, and among other mem- Church (South); Walter B. Sloan, of bers are Prof. Edward C. Moore, of the C. I. M.; Herr F. Frohnmeyer, of Harvard University; Prof. M. E.

the Basel Mission; Rev. Wm. Goodie, Sadler, of University of Manchester;

Dr. Parkin, secretary of the Rhodes Prof. George Owen, formerly of Trust; Prof. DeWitt Burton, of Chi- Peking; Rev. Richard Glover; Rev.

cago; Principal R. A. Falconer, of A. B. Leonard; Dr. Robert Mac- Toronto; President John F. Goucher, kenzie; President E. Y. Mullens, of of Baltimore; Rev. Wm. Chamber- Kentucky; Dr. Joh. Lepsius, of the lain, of Rutgers College; Sir Ernest German Orient Mission, and Dr. Joh.

Satow; Lord William Gascoyne Cecil; Warneck, author of "Living Christ Rev. A. R. Buckland, of the Religious and Dying Heathenism."

Tract Society, and Miss Grace Dodge, V. The Preparation of Miuionariea of New York.

IV. The Mi..ionary Message The present-day demand is for the best men of the Church for foreign Here is the most vital subject of the mission fields. We are learning to conference. The substance of the look on the work as of magnitude and Christian Gospel and the best method importance and involving great diffi- of presenting the gospel to the non- c:.lties. There have been many Christian peoples is to the missionary changes in the situation during the campaign what weapons and arma- last hundred years, and a more ade- ments are to a military maneuver. quate training for the ambassadors of There should be unity as to the sub- Christ is required. Candidates are stance of the essential message, but more carefully selected, and are there is a wide divergence of opinion trained as specialists for various as to how the gospel can most ef- phases of what has come to be a di- fectively be presented. The new versified work.

theology and modern rationalism, Uni- There are to-day statesmen, all tarian beliefs and ideas of Biblical in- kinds of educators, theologians, phy- spiration and the deity of Christ, have sicians, nurses, industrial workers, a vital reiation to this SUbject. If the business managers, workers among missionary has not a clear message- women and children, Y. M. C. A. and the message of Christ-he would bet- Y. W. C. A. secretaries, in addition ter remain at home. Another im- to pastors and preachers. The train- portant phase of the subject is the ing required for pioneer work is very attitude of Christian teachers toward different from that needed for fields the non-Christian religions, their where the chief duty is the guiding of truths, their errors and their practises. native workers and a native Church.

Prof. D. S. Cairns, of the U. F. Col- The chairman of this commission is lege of Aberdeen and author of President W. Douglas Mackenzie, of ItChristianity in the Modem World," Hartford Theological Seminary, and is chairman, and Robert E. Speer, author of "Christianity and the Prog- vice-chairman of this commission. ress of Man." Other members are Among other members are Bishop of Dr. J. O. F. Murray, of Selwyn Col- Ossory (Dr. C. F. D'Arcy); Canon lege, Cambridge; Dr. Henry Cowan, C. H. Robinson, editor of The East of Aberdeen; Prof. A. R. MacEwen, and the West,. Prof. W. P. Paterson, of New College, Edinburgb; Prof. of University of Edinburgh; Rev. A. Edward 1. Bosworth, of Oberlin; Rev. E. Garvie, of New College, London; Charles R. Erdman, of Princeton;

A CONGRESS OF MISSIONARY STATESMEN

Canon O'Meara, of Toronto; Father other members are: Missions In- Kelly, of the Society of the Sacred spector Fred Wiirz, of the Basel So- Mission (Church of England); Rev. Forbes Jackson; Rev. Wm. Park, of ciety; Rev. J. Fairley Dailey, of the the Church of Ireland; Rev. Tissington Tatlow; Dr. James L. MaxwelI, Livingstonia Mission; Rev. A. Woodof the Medical Missionary Associa- ruff Halsey, D.D., of the Presbyterian tion, London; Miss G. A. Gollock; Board; Mrs. Helen Barrett Mont- Prof. Adolph Kolmodin, and Prof. gomery; John W. Wood, of the Karl Meinhof. Protestant Episcopal Church, and editor of The Spirit of Missions; Dr. VI. The Home Church and Missions Karl Fries, president of the World's Student Federation; Mr. Louis Sever- The greatest problem of the day is not faced on the foreign field, but at ance, of New York, and J. Campbell home. The greatest difficulty is to arouse the Christians who have bread White, of the Laymen's Missionary enough and to spare so that they will Movement. be ready to go out and distribute, to sacrifice themselves and their sub- VII. Missions and Governments stance in obeying the command and in following the leading of the Master. The delicate but important problems The fifth commission is (I) to present referring to the relations of missions, the subject of the duty and opportunity mission converts and missionaries to of the Church in fulfilling her mission; their home and foreign governments (2) the spiritual and temporal re- are to be reported on by a commissources and power of the Church at sion of which Right Hon. Lord Balhome for the work abroad; (3) the four is chairman and Hon. Seth Low methods of promoting missionary in- is vice-chairman. This report, and telligence-through church services, the discussion following, will consider the printed page, study classes, col- such topics as: ( I) The relation of leges and seminaries, visits to mission the missionary to his own government fields; conventions and exhibits; (4) in times of war and persecution; (2) the enlistment of missionaries; (5) indemnities and armed resistance and financial support of missions-the protection; (3) the native Christian standard of giving, methods, etc.; and his own government. Specific (6) the development of home leader- cases will be studied to discover the ship-among laymen, clergy and wo- method of obtaining the best results. men; (7) the problems of administration-debts and deficits, auxiliary so- Among the members of this comcieties, relation of secretaries and mission are: Admiral Mahan, of the boards to missionaries; (8) the reflex United States Navy; Sir Robert Hart, influence of missions in evangelism, formerly Inspector-General of Cusfaith, finances and spiritual life. toms in China; Sir Andrew Wingate, for many years in India; Hon. John Of this commission, Rev. James L. Foster, formerly Secretary of State of Barton, D.D., secretary of the Amer- the United States; Bishop Ingham, of ican Board, is chairman. Among the C. M. S.; Rev. George Cousins, of the L. M. S.; Mr. Wellesley C. Bailey, of the Mission to Lepers; Dr. Thomas S. Barbour, of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society;

Herr Berner, president of the Berlin will represent the thought, investiga- Missionary Society, and Prof. Hauss- tion and conclusions of the world's leiter, of the Rhenish Missionary So- greatest mIssIonary students and ciety. workers of all Protestant Christen- VIII. Cooperation and Union dom. Two years have been occupied in making the investigation and pre- To-day Church union is in the air. paring the reports. While mission- The missionaries are facing the same aries have not been generally repre- kind of a problem that confronted the sented on the commissions, their ideals civilized nations in the Boxer rebel- and conclusions are found in the re- lion when they won the victory by port. This missionary library on the uniting forces to relieve the sufferers science of missions-in theory and in Peking. Decided steps toward practise-will include statistical tables, closer cooperation have already been a new missionary atlas, a complete taken on many mission fields and more up-to-date bibliography of missionary are proposed. This commission will books, and a report of the addresses discuss (I) the plans of union, the delivered at the conference. It prom- difficulties and advantages; (2) the ises to be an unparalleled work of division of territory and method of reference.

cooperation; (3) united national The Program churches in mission fields; (4) united The main sessions of the conference work in hospitals, industrial and pub- are to be held in Assembly Hall, Edin- lishing work and in higher education. burgh. Here the morning and after- The chairman of this commission is noon meetings will be for the discus- Sir Andrew Fraser, and the vice-chair- sion of the reports of commissions and man is Mr. Silas McBee, editor of only official delegates and their wives The Churchman. There are included are to be admitted. The evening also: Dr. Arthur ]. Brown; Rev. meetings will take up such general W. H. Findlay, of the Wesleyan topics as: The Place of Missions in Methodist Society; Prebendary H. E. the Life of the Church; The History Fox, of the C. M. S.; Miss Morley, of Missions; Changes in the Charac- president of the World's Y. W. C. A.; ter of the Missionary Problem;' The President A. H. Strong, of the Roches- Contribution of non-Christian Na- ter Theological Seminary; Professor tions to the Body of Christ; and De- Warneck, of Germany, and Rev. ]. H. mands Made on the Church by the Ritson, of the British and Foreign Present Opportunity.

Bible Society. The synod hall meetings are for The Printed Reports representatives of various denomina- tions and missionary societies and will Who can examine the topics to be discuss the reports of the commissions considered at this conference without at the morning sesions. In the after- being imprest by the magnitude of the noons the various mission countries, work and the reality of a science of phases of work, and problems will be missions? The reports of these com- considered, and there will be simulta- missions will be printed in nine vol- neous meetings for clergymen, laymen, umes (at $4.00 a set, postpaid). They women, physicians, workers among children, etc. At the evening sessions topics were omitted, no leaders untopics of general interest will be pre- recognized, and no errors put forth sented by missionaries and other prom- as facts and no unsound judgments inent speakers. proclaimed. These dangers show the greater reason for united prayer from The call for tickets has been so all Christians that the Spirit of God great that a third series of meetings may guide those who have the heavy have been arranged to be held in the responsibility of planning the program, Tolbooth Church. Here popular ad- and that the spirit and wisdom of dresses will be made that will be of Christ may dominate all the proceedespecial interest to those who have not ings. If there is failure in this great been able to obtain tickets for the other copference of the servants of our Lord, halls. it will not be due to the character of the campaign or the power and person- In all five or six thousand delegates ality of the Leader, but will be chargeand visitors are expected at this con- able to the neglect of His followers to ference in addition to those who come wait for His leading and to follow His from Edinburgh and vicinity. The guidance in the spirit of love. ShalI expenses are to be borne in part by the there not be a world-wide circle of missionary societies, by registration prayer for this conference, with a confees and (most largely) by individual tinual ascending of humble petition contributions. and joyful thanksgiving from every land under the sun-in every lan- Prayera for the Conference guage-by millions of the followers of Christ? There are no doubt some who will be inclined to criticize the plan and conduct of this great conference. It would be strange if no important THE MISSIONARY OUTLOOK IN 1810 AND IN 1910.

BY REV. D. L. LEONARD, D.O.

To alI appearance we are in the missionary situation of a hundred midst of a new departure in missions years ago in contrast with that exist- and behold an uprising of zeal and ing to-day?

courage and strenuous endeavor What was the situation when Mills destined at no distant day to bring in and his three companions, "under the a glorious consummation, the evan- lee of a haystack while waiting for a gelization of the world! The Lay- shower to pass," counseled and prayed men's Missionary Movement is closely over the matter of attempting to send linked with the origin of the American the gospel to the heathen; and his con- Board; since in idea it dates from the viction and assurance found expres- centennial of the haystack prayer- sion in the immortal words, "WE CAN meeting in 1906, and immediately DO IT IF WE WILL I" Well, in general, thereafter its originators began to con- by far the larger portion of the earth's sult and plan and organize. As the surface had never been visited by centennial of the board draws nigh, Europeans, and was still inaccessible.

what can bJ:! more encouraging and Only sailing-vessels were available upiifting than a brief review of the for travel, and trade with distant lands

was but slight. When in the decade ing (one of the most gifted and con- preceding the London Society would secrated among the world's evangel- send gospel heralds to the South Seas, izers), but that work had since gone it was necessary to purchase a vessel into a fatal decline. For two or three for their conveyance. And nearly two generations the Moravians had been decades later, when John Williams lavishing themselves upon various would explore and evangelize in the most needy fields, in both tropic heat same region, he must needs himself and arctic cold, shrinking from no turn ship-builder, also with tools and hardship or peril. In New England, material almost wholly lacking. East- Eliot, the Mayhews and Brainerd had ern Asia at that date was shut and preached Christ to the Indian tribes barred against the entrance of Eu- resident in their neighborhood. Then, ropeans by prohibitions which meant only in the decade preceding, Carey certain death to every intruder. All had stirred the British Baptists to or- Moslem lands were closed as ef- ganize, had himself gone out as pio- fectually by religious fanaticism. neer, with a few others soon follow- Southern Asia (which, with China, ing, and was now fixt in Serampore.

held more than half the human family) His first convert had been baptized in was closed to missionaries by the 1800. The London Society had be- money-greed of the East India Com- gun work in the Society Islands, but pany, coupled with the hysteric fear as yet no signs of blessing were visible.

lest the proclamation of the gospel Henry Martyn had gone out to India would excite Moslem and Hindu in 18°5, and two years later Morrison fanaticism. Africa was well-nigh landed in Canton, spending long wholly unexplored, for until 18I3 Liv- months practically in hiding, tho not ingstone was not born. In the New winning his first convert until 1814.

World, from the northern boundaries The Church Missionary Society had of Mexico to Cape Horn all was in- sent quite a company of missionaries tensely Catholic and intolerant; as was to the fever-breeding coast of West also the bulk of Europe, either Rome Africa, but as yet every convert was or Russia being well-nigh everywhere costing on an average the life of a supreme. It is not in the least strange, missionary.

therefore, that a century since to al- So much for the situation in Great most everybody, even among sincere Britain. On this side of the ocean disciples of Christ, attempts ,at the the case was yet more forlorn. Until world's evangelization appeared ut- 1803 the Mississippi had been the terly wild, absurd and fanatic. western boundary, but Louisiana had recently become ours, and Lewis and What Had Been Done in 1810 Oark had crossed to the Pacific in And, next, what in the way of mis- 1804-05. Florida remained a Spanish sionary effort had. been undertaken? possession until 1819. The popUlation About a hundred years before the of the United States had reached but King of Denmark had sent Ziegen- 7,000,000 in 1810, which is equal to balg and Plutschau to found a mis- that of the Empire State to-day! The sion at Tranquebar, near Madras, with first steamboat had ascend~d the Hud- Christian Frederick Schwartz follow- son the year following the haystack

THE MISSIONARY OUTLOOK IN 1810 AND

meeting; but the first one did not ap- ter the formal beginning of missions pear upon the Western rivers until in Great Britain), fashioned for sub- 1812, on the upper lakes until 1818; stance after the Carey model. Not a reached the mouth of Chicago River little difficulty was found in securing a as late as 1832, and began to make charter from the legislature, one legisregular trips across the Atlantic in lator alleging that the society was "de- r848! Still further, in those dark signed for exporting religion, whereas days the Napoleonic wars were on, there was none to spare from among with his coronation as emperor oc- ourselves," but another replied that curring in 1804; and the political "religion was a commodity such that troubles were thickening which soon the more we exported the more we resulted in three years of war with had remaining." the mother country. And, finally, it is not amiss to recall the fact that The organization and the men were church and state were still united in now secured, but difficulties abundant Massachusetts and Connecticut, and and most serious were in store. As the clergy were all in all in the re- in the Old World, so also in the New, ligious realm; while after them came the beginning of world-missions was the "first families," with the mass of well-nigh ridiculously puny and feeble. the common people holding a place For several years the income was but decidedly inferior. trifling. Thus, at the end of 1811 only $999.52 had been contributed. Tho Such in general were the world- the next year $13,6Il were added, the conditions when, a hundred years ago amount fell back later to $7,500, the in Williamstown, under a haystack war with Britain being then in progduring a shower, three or four stu- ress. The total for the first five years dents pondered and prayed as to was only $47,000. At length five miswhether they should attempt to send sionaries were ordained and ready to the gospel to the heathen, and one of depart with their wives-Hall, Judthe number uttered the positive af- son, Newell, Nott and Rice. But how firmation, "We can do it if we will J" should they cross the ocean? Ere long Two years later Mills and two others a vessel was ready to sail for Caldrew up in cipher, "public opinion cutta, but had only room for a portion being opposed to us," the constitution of the company. Several weeks later of a society, "to effect in the person a ship would sail from Philadelphia, of its members a mission to the in which the residue secured passage. heathen." Later still the agitation Indeed, so many and great were the was renewed in Andover, the theo- embarrassments that the project was logical seminary having just then been seriously considered of leaving the established, with Judson added to the wives at home! little group. In due time application was made to the General Association After tedious months of ocean of Massachusetts for the formation of voyaging, Calcutta was reached, but a society to undertake the work of only to be notified that they were not evangelization in the foreign field; and wanted in those parts, not only be- June 29, 1810, the American Board cause they were missionaries, but even began to be (nearly twenty years af- more because they were Americans, a people with whom the British were

then at war. And finally, most sicken- than all the centuries preceding. The ing of all, it had occurred that while. railway and the ocean steamship, the on the journey out both Judson and telegraph with the wireless system Rice, tho upon different vessels, and as the latest marvel, have brought the of course without the least conference, ends of the earth together, and are had been pondering upon the proper rapidly making all humankind ac- mode of baptism, and both also had quainted as neighbors, and increasing- concluded that only immersion could ly as brothers. Not a closed land un- meet the gospel requirement. Carey der the sun. A censtitutional govern- soon performed the rite in their be- ment in Japan, Persia, Turkey and half, and both resigned their commis- Russia, and one promised for China.

sions received from the American Every Moslem and Catholic land open Board. Judson, compelled to depart, for the reception of the gospel. World- later drifted to Burma, eventually to conventions becoming common, of the found one of the world's greatest mis- friends of missions, of the Y. M. C. A., sions. Rice returned to America and and the Christian Endeavor.

proceeded to so stir the hearts of mul- And, finally, every considerable titudes of Baptists that a Baptist mis- body of Protestant Christians is or- sionary society was formed, which is ganized for the furtherance of foreign to-day among the largest in the land. missions, and has its representatives Who can do other than count this a abroad. The total annual income ag- wonderful piece of divine strategy, al- gregates not less than $30,000,000, of tho for a season a source of discour- which sum not far from $5,000,000 agement and disgust to not a few (or one-sixth) is contributed by the friends of the American Board. It native Christians. The evangelizing may be added just here that the Meth- force sent out from Christian lands odists organized for missionary work numbers over 20,000, and is reen- in 1819, the American Bible Society forced by tens of thousands of native came into existence in 1816, and in toilers, of whom some 5,000 are or- 1825 the American Tract Society be- dained. Just about 50,000 stations gan to be. and out-stations are centers of Chris- Some Achievement. tian influence. In the churches are more than 2,000,000 communicants, So much for the missionary situa- and every Sunday on an average some tion a hundred years ago. And what 2,600 members are received (enough has transpired since, in the world at to constitute 26 churches, each with large, and in the missionary realm? a membership of IDO). In the 30,000 This query finds an answer in no in- schools are found 1,500,000 children considerable degree by simply revers- and youths, with 100 colleges, univer- ing every statement of fact hitherto sities and theological schools prepar- presented and giving the very oppo- ing future native leaders for their all- site. Thus, the task of world-explora- important tasks. About 400 hospitals tion is practically accomplished. Every and twice as many dispensaries, in region has been visited and its secrets charge of 800 medical missionaries, are have been uncovered. Inventive engaged in the Christ-like task of re- genius has wrought far more marvels lieving suffering and restoring health.

The Bible has been· translated into upon lines which are Indian, Chinese, every language of much importance Japanese, etc. and widely circulated, with school Another phenomenon must be named books and periodicals by the thousand. which marks the present generation, Still further; at the opening of this and possesses great significance as second century of world-evangeliza- touching the Kingdom of God upon tion Protestant promoters of missions earth and its future diffusion. What have attained, at least fairly well, to limitless stores of wealth have been an all-important knowledge of the discovered in the mines of California needs, capacities and limitations of the and Alaska, of South Africa and Ausbelated and inferior races, and have tralia. Besides in the business realm also become acquainted with the civ- combination has largely taken the ilizations of the Orient, as existing in place of competition, with trusts and India, China and Japan; and so have other forms of unifying vast financial learned what to undertake and what resources. As a result, tho much of to let alone; how to reach the un- evil is apparent, much also of benefit evangelized with the gospel of salva- is evident on every side. More and tion; as well as how to train native more the wealthy are becoming pubpastors and teachers and leaders in gen- lic-spirited and benevolent, and lavish eral, so that at the soonest every field their riches upon institutions of learnmay become self-supporting, self-gov- ing, hospitals, asylums, or whatever erning and self-propagating. Still will benefit the unfortunate and needy further, a century since bitterest theo- of humankind. Christian benevolence logical and ecclesiastical strife was has had a phenomenal development well-nigh universal throughout Prot- since modern missions began and is estant Christendom. Hence anything certain steadily to increase, with the approaching to union of effort was Kingdom in its world-wide aspects repractically unthinkable, and both in ceiving its fair share. The Kennedy Great Britain and the United States example can not fail to have .a worthy each body of Christians organized its following, so that all who are ready own society and selected its own field, to give themselves to help make Jesus too often without the slightest regard known to every soul will find the for the presence of others already in means of going abroad abundantly occupation. But within this genera- supplied. tion, and especially in America, a So much for missionary beginnings coming together for acquaintance, and .a hundred years ago, the steady forfellowship, and even cooperation, is ward movement which has attended evident .and steadily increasing; this the decades, with a recent rapid adboth at home and abroad, tho more vance at every point in well-nigh every prominent in the foreign field. There particular. Also, with the crowning the disposition is unmistakable to abol- marvel yet to be named. It began to ish all Occidental names and divisions, exist, at le.ast to be faintly visible, imand for all who accept Jesus as Lord mediately after the celebration of the to meet together and toil together centennial anniversary of the haystack simply as His followers bearing His prayer-meeting, held in part upon the name; or if they divide at all, only very spot. Then and there, with

Mills' immortal exclamation ringing giving of the churches to be expended in their ears and inspiring their whole upon foreign missions; a careful can- being, certain men strong, gifted, in- vass in every church, by a committee fluential, in the foremost rank for busi- of men appointed for the purpose, who ness sagacity and energy, went home call upon every member seeking to to ponder, to plan, and later to or- secure a pledge of at least five cents ganize a mighty campaign for the a week. Hence the plan, tho business- spread of the Kingdom of Heaven, to like in every particular, is simple in hasten the evangelization of the whole the extreme. It lays upon nobody any world, to bring at the soonest the unreasonable or difficult task. The blest day when none shall say, Know campaign has advanced so far and the thou the Lord, but all shall know Him success has been so phenomenal that from the least to the greatest. The we are at liberty, we are well-nigh plan decided upon was original and constrained to believe that the income unique. I t was to supersede or inter- of our missionary societies will be fere with no missionary instrumen- doubled almost at once, with a five- tality already employed, was rather to fold increase secured at no distant reenforce and supplement everyone. day, so that of "the sinews of war"

With the management of the Men's there will be no lack. Moreover, we Missionary Movement the churches as can surely count on our colleges and such have nothing to do, and in the theological schools to do their part execution of the plan no additional in supplying the thousands of men and burden is laid upon the pastors. At the women required, the Young Men's conventions the voice of a pastor is Christian Association and Christian seldom heard. Nothing need' here be Endeavor, the Student Volunteers, the said about the methods of work, the mission study classes, etc. Nor, then, series of conventions covering the con- will it be long before the Divine Re- tinent, from the Atlantic to the Pa- deemer of men, after all these ages of cific, from the Gulf of Mexico to Hud- pleading and waiting, will see of the son Bay, and reaching some four- travail of His soul and be satisfied.

score cities. Not a slip or blunder has All this which we now behold has been made. Everything goes forward come to pass in a little more than a like clock-work, goes from strength century after Carey preached his ser- to strength. The only lack discernible mon and organized his society, after is lack of space for the suppers and Mills' haystack prayer-meeting and for the mammoth assemblages of the organization of the American dead-in-earnest business men. Board. But, the United States and A few brief sentences will suffice Canada to which thus far the Men's to set forth the aims and methods Missionary Movement has been con- everywhere presented: The evangel- fined, constitute but a fraction of the ization of the world in this generation Protestant world; and how about our (that is, the proclamation of the good brethren in Great Britain and upon news in every neighborhood under the the Continent? Are they also to share sun, so that every living soul may in this mighty impulse toward world- . hear of Jesus and His redeeming evangelization? Weare under great- love); at least one-fourth of all the est obligation to Germany for the Mo-

A DECISIVE HOUR IN PROTESTANT

ravians and a long list of devoted and to duplicate the work; only, it may be, heroic soldiers of the cross, to Hol- making modifications here and there land also and Scandinavia. Britain in certain details to adapt it to conwe thank for her Carey and Morrison, ditions at home. What is to hinder her Moffat and Livingstone, and a careful canvass of every Protestant others by the score; so that our debt church in Christendom to secure at to Europe is one unspeakably great. the least the cost of a car-fare every And the query comes, has not the time week from every man and woman and arrived when we can make at least child who names the name of Jesus, part payment, and even in kind? May and to make the gifts to missions it not also occur that in the Edinburgh amount at least to one-fourth of all Conference, following as it does al- the giving for the Kingdom, that so most immediately upon the close of even this generation may behold the the laymen's conventions, at which dawn of the latter-day glory? Then many delegates from the Continent will the Hallelujah Chorus be in orwill be found, the Old World laymen der. He shall reign forever King of will catch the inspiration and go home kings, and Lord of lords.

A DECISIVE HOUR IN PROTESTANT MISSIONS * BY DR. JULIUS RICHTER The title of this address may seem in religious and moral standards, exaggerated to some; yet I shall try which inhabit the continents of Afto emphasize the greatness of the work rica, and some parts of Asia, Auslying before the Christian Church in tralia, and America. The missionary our day. It is the greatness of the work among them has a striking revision, it is the vastness of the task semblance to the missionary task of which will call out every atom of the Christian Church of the three or strength in our innermost lives. I four first centuries of medieval times, shall try in short outline to lay before the evangelization of the German and you the three great tasks of the Chris- Slav peoples; and it will help us to a tian Church. Two of these are well clearer understanding of the present known to you; we shall try to see situation if we concentrate our attenthem in a fresh light. The third is tion for the moment on the characonly just dimly emerging before our teristic features of those days. The inner vision. The first and second of missions of the Church then had three the two tasks have parallels in the his- advantages. At first the area of the tory of the Church; we shall trace work was well defined; it comprized these parallels. The third task has the northern and eastern half of no parallel in history. Europe, including the British Isles. The climate was everywhere health· I. The first great task lying before ful. The nations which were the ob· the Church is the evangelization of the ject of the mission were of a remarkprimitive races, all those dark, dull able homogeneity. They belonged peoples, low in civilization, even lower • An address delivered at The Student Volunteer Convention, Rochester, New York, December 31, 1909. Reprinted here by permission of the Student Volunteer Movement.

only to two families of peoples closely their modes of life and their thoughts related; they spoke only two different have almost no points of contact.

tongues, tho these were split up in There seem to be almost no connecting many dialects which it was not diffi- links between the colored people of cult to master after having learned Africa and the Papuans of Melanesia, one of the principal languages, and or the stalwart Indians of America; the social, political, moral and re- the whole sphere of each race and all ligious standards were almost identical the standards of life are totally differ- among them. ent from those of the other races. Let It was a second great advantage me, as an illustration only, refer to the that then the Church was able to con- manifold differences of languages. In centrate her whole energy on this one the line of the Melanesian islands from task of foreign missions. Doctrinal the New Hebrides to the Bismarck disputes absorbed little of the strength Archipelago and New Guinea about of the Church in those dark ages, and one hundred or more different lan- the state, in consequence of its close guages are spoken; every small island, connection with the Church, was only every clan or tribe has its own, under- too willing to lend her its mighty arm stood often only by some four or five for her endeavors. hundred people. After a missionary It was a third advantage that the has mastered with ceaseless toil one of peoples among whom the missionaries these languages he becomes aw.are, to went were of a decidedly superior his disappointment, that he is not able character. They showed from the be- to make himself understood even a ginning evident signs of .an intellectual few miles farther inland, or on the power and of a moral strength far next island. In Africa about two hun- beyond the average. It is a remark- dred different languages are spoken, able fact that those nations, in the first belonging to at least three quite dis- centuries of their Christian era, pro- tinct families of languages. It is hard duced literary masterpieces of imper- to estimate how far the work of ishable value, the Edda of the Scan- Protestant missions has been retarded dinavians, the Beowulf of the Anglo- by these diversities of the primitive Saxons, and the Heliand of the North races.

Germans. It is a second disadvantage that the The similarities of this missionary Church of our day is not able to con- period to that of modem days have centrate her whole energy on her for- often been pointed out; but the differ- eign mIssIons. Doctrinal disputes ences are perhaps even more striking. reaching down even to the very foun- What a disadvantage it is for modem dations of Christian truth claim her missions that their spheres of work earnest attention. And the changing among the primitive races are so wide- conditions in the social life, as well as ly scattered and diversified. The the growing emigration from the climate is in most regions rather un- Christian lands, absorb much of her healthy, often endangering even the strength.

lives of the foreign agents. The peo- Thirdly, it seems to be an unde- ples themselves are most diverse in niable fact that at least some of the all directions, and their languages, tribes which are at present the object

A DECISIVE HOUR IN PROTESTANT MISSIONS

of Protestant missions are of a de- ligious ideas, the same philosophies, cidedly inferior type, at least at the the same yearnings, the same social present time. Of course it would be and political problems were all over unjust and premature to give a defi- the Roman Empire. It was a second nite statement on so large a question. great help that this whole spiritual Yet, after the missionaries have been world was in a state of decay and de- for a century or even ISO years in composition. The old gods and faiths close contact with peoples like the had lost their grip on the nations; Eskimo of the arctic regions, or the new gods, new religious motives, new Hottentots in southern Africa, we revelations were eagerly sought after must rely on their judgment that by the most earnest thinkers of those probably these clans will never come days. And Christianity entered this to an age of spiritual maturity, to in- decaying civilization as the living dependent political or Church life. force in a dying world.

2. Yet in spite of all difficulties, The different character of the presthere would be no doubt that the ent situation is apparent if we realize Protestant churches were able to fulfil to what an extent the world of Asiatic this large and promising task among culture lacks homogeneity. There are the primitive races, if at the same time at least four quite distinct types of reand with equal urgency a second task ligious and social developments condid not wait for her, the evangeliza- fronting the Protestant missions; the tion of the cultured nations of the Indian Brahmanism, with all its differ- East, those peoples of an an.cient ent forms from the crudest vulgar civilization in India, in China, in idolatry to the spiritual philosophies Japan, in the Near East, which have of the Vedanta; the far-eastern for hundreds and even thousands of Buddism, with its soporific and deadyears lived their own life in religion, ening influences on the national life, in literature, and in the arts, and have the cold tho lofty ethicism of Conpermeated their whole national life fucius, the phophet of the Chinese, with the leaven of their own thoughts and the dry, fonnalistic, fanatical and customs. Again a striking parallel Islam of the Near East. presents itself in the work lying before the Church during the first three cen- Each of these religions has been turies of its era, the evangelization of able, through hundreds and even thouthe Greek and Roman world, and it sands of years, to permeate and leaven will be suggestive to look for a mo- with its spirit those lands and peoples ment at the characteristic features of in their poIitcal, social and private those times. life. And the Church can not leave one of these systems for a more or It was a great advantage for the less remote future. She must begin Christian missions in the Roman Em- the struggle with all of them at once, pire that its civilization and culture she must wage her spiritual war with were decidedly homogeneous. One different and with ever-changing language, the Greek, was sufficient to fronts. bring the gospel from far-eastern Syria to out-of-the-way western Spain. All the more important is the ques- The same cast of thought, the same re- tion whether or not those religious systems of Asia are in the same state

of disintegration as we observed in promoters even in Europe. It seems the Greek civilization of the first cen- to me that this period of exaggerating turies. The opinion of the Protestant unduly the merits of the Asiatic remissionaries has changed in a remark- ligions to the disadvantage of Chris- able way on this point during the last tianity is rapidly passing away. Yet century. When the first missionaries it leaves Protestant missions in a dis- entered India a hundred years ago and tinctly different position. And this saw the gross idolatry and the most brings me to my third point. disgusting and decadent forms of re- 3. We are beginning to realize that ligious life, even at the sacred places this whole manifold world of religious of Hinduism like Benares, they were beliefs, from the crudest forms of soon convinced that this degraded re- fetishism and animism to the loftiest ligion had no right, divine or human, revelations of sufistic spirituality or to live any longer; that it must yield of Confucian idealism, is one great soon to the onrush of the higher type and coherent evolution of the religious of religion represented by Christianity. genius of mankind. The comparative Similarly, when the first Protestant study of religions and of the historic missionaries became familiar with the development of the different religions gross forms of idolatry prevalent brings us face to face with the fact among the lower classes of China, they that there are deep longings in the arrived .at the conviction that there was human heart which in all climates and no inner life, no uplifting power in under the most widely varying conthis crude system. Yet, as the mis- ditions of human life find expression sionaries proceeded in their efforts, in religious systems, and we must try and struggling with those old systems to understand them in their continuity for the salvation of single souls, be- and similarity in spite of all evident came aware of the strong vitali.ty in- disparity. herent in these religions in spite of As we begin to see this comprethe evident forms of outward decay, hensive evolution of the religious they became more and more careful genius of mankind, we become aware in their judgment. Then learned men of what is the final task of the Chrislike Professor Max Mtiller and en- tian religion and of Protestant misthusiasts like Professor Deussen pub- sions. It is to show quite clearly, in lished the religious literature of contradistinction to this whole re- India, and showed to wondering ligious life of humanity untutored and Europe below the bizarre forms of unaided by the divine help, that Christhought, deep yearning for higher tianity is the one great religion of things, wonderful sparks of truth and God, and that it must displace and lofty flights of high philosophies, and will displace all other religions. That we inclined rather to overestimate will be the final test of Christianity; those ancient religious systems to such there its superiority, its victory, will a degree that we were sometimes un- be definitely settled. just toward Christianity. The almost There will be strong competition forgotten Pali literature, too, was un- between Christianity and other religearthed from the dust of centuries, ions as to which has the higher truth; and Islam found ardent admirers and and Protestant missions will have to

AS IT EXISTS TO-DAY

prove that the folly of the cross is here Christ will stand forth triwiser than human wisdom, that Christ umphantly as He who gives life, who is truth. There will be stronger com- is the life of the world, and in Him petition as to what religion presents we rejoice with joy unspeakable. the nobler and purer ideals of morality "Blessed be the God and Father of our and is able to supply the strength to Lord Jesus Christ, which according live up to those standards. And here to His abundant mercy hath begotten again Protestant missions will have us again into a lively hope by the to prove that Christ, not Mohammed resurrection of Jesus Christ from the or Buddha, is the only ideal leading dead." humanity up to higher life; that Christ is the way, the only way, up to God. Great times require great men. May There will be strongest competition as the Church of Christ be granted such to what religion stands the final test, great men living up to the great tasks being able to give life and to re- of their generation and filling the generate single persons and whole Church anew with that triumphant nations by supernatural power. And assurance of St. John: "Our faith is the victory that overcomes the world."

SHACKLE USED FOR NECK AND HANDS OF SLAVE WOMEN SLAVERY AS IT EXISTS TO-DAY BY TRAVERS BUXTON, ESQ., LONDON, ENGLAND The character and extent of present- apt to think that slavery was then day slavery is a subject on which too finally overthrown, and in the twenlittle is known. The vitality which tieth century is no longer a living the many-headed monster of slavery issue. This is far from being the still possesses is very inadequately case. realized. Remembering the great struggle which took place at the end Africa has always been the great of the eighteenth and the beginning home and center of slavery and the of the nineteenth centuries to secure slave trade, and centuries of these the abolition of the slave trade and of practises have deeply imprest the cusslavery in the British colonies, we are tom upon the mind and life of the native African, so that it will take

long to eradicate these evils. More- haps the most important, the degradaover, slavery takes many forms and tion involved in the buying and selling the growing importance of the ques- of human beings on the level of tion in one form or another can not beasts, with the inevitable moral evils be doubted by anyone who remembers which always attach themselves to the how, within the last quarter of a cen- practises of slavery. In the words of tury especially, Africa has been com- the late Mr. Gladstone: "I hold the ing more and more under the control great evil of slavery to have been not of the EUropean powers. The con- physical suffering, but moral debasetinent has been opened in a remark- ment. It degrades God's human able manner and now labor is needed creatures below the human level." If in order to develop the country. In this was true when slavery prevailed the greater part of Africa, either for unchecked throughout Africa, it is reasons of climate or from traditional still true, altho to-day slavery has custom that labor can only be done by changed its form, so that it is not blacks. The white man, therefore, easy to define exactly how far it exneeds the black man to develop the tends. country for him, and the area from which labor can be obtained is limited, The traffic in human beings is not so that the pressure becomes greater extinguished, nor is it likely for some as the country is more and more years to come throughout the conopened. The black man, on his side, tinent of Africa, in spite of the efforts has reason from his past experience of European powers. Caravans of of slavery to suspect the white man's slaves are still conveyed from the inmotives; their aims appear to be op- terior of the continent to the west and posed as those of capital and labor, north coasts. Raids and kidnaping and consequently difficulties and are not completely supprest. So long strained relations are too apt to arise as there is a demand for slaves, so between them, even when there is no long will their supply somehow or conscious intention to treat the native other be kept up, for the risks greatly as a slave. enhance the value of the human mer- chandise. In 1902 the report of the It is not easy to give an exact defi- Zanzibar International Maritime Bunition of slavery. It does not consist reau stated that "The attempts of in ill-treatment of the enslaved, for Arab dealers to recruit slaves in East it is possible for slavery to exist where Africa will not come to .an end so the slaves are well treated. Probably long as there exists markets and disthe most prominent marks of slavery tricts about the Persian Gulf where and slave-trading are, first, the forcible slaves fetch a good price." In the uprooting of natives from their homes same year reports were received of a and the breaking up of families, in development of the traffic on the Moorder to obtain the labor of the slaves zambique coast and the commander of where it is wanted; second, the waste the Portuguese naval division of the of human life in bringing slaves from Indian Ocean spoke of a traffic which one place to another; third, the bind- was carried on by syndicates of ining to compulsory labor and limita- fluence, which exchange firearms and tions of freedom; and fourth, and per- gunpowder for slaves, who find a

AFRICA

To.l//vstrare the moder.

SLAVE TI2ADE "'….

+ $}ow' SI.:ue P,"sr'"r;ct"s ___ …_ ,slave 7f?,.o(,;re$ 8~r——-~—————–+——~—–1——~—-~~~~~~40 10 cO .30

SLAVERY AS IT EXISTS TO-DAY

ready sale at Muscat. Trade was also smuggled from the coast of the reported to be carried on on a smaller Egyptian Sudan. There is recent eviscale with almost no risk and with dence from a trustworthy source that possibilities of development. "Hun- the absence of a British guard-ship dreds, and even thousands, of ne- from Aden a year or two ago led to groes," he wrote, "are and will be an increase in the slave tr.ade which transported with impunity like com- was said to be going on practically mon bales of merchandise," for so unchecked in the southern part of the long as the boat's papers are regular Red Sea. A British man-of-war was RUBBER GATHERERS IN THE KONGO STATE the slave-dealers can not be touched by at once sent out to Aden, but these the terms of the Brussels Act. slow cruisers, the movements of which are well known to the slave-dealers, The maritime traffic, then, is not yet are useless for catching the fast slave stamped out, altho it has been made dhows, which can easily go where the much more difficult from the East large ships can not follow them. A Coast for slaves to be embarked in special slave-trade department has any number, as a more effective con- been created and much good work in trol has been established over the coast this direction has been done in the ports. Lord Cromer has repeatedly Egyptian Sudan to suppress dealings stated in official reports that it is very in slaves, and to stop up the old slave difficult to prevent th'! trade which routes. goes on in slaves between Arabia and Turkey, to which countries slaves are In his last report as British repre-

sentative in Egypt, 1907, Lord useless. Efforts have been made to Cromer wrote that the most important influence the new Turkish Constitupolitical question was how slavery tional Government to stop the slave might be completely abolished without trade in Tripoli, but, unfortunately, causing serious disorder. Grave thus far without result. It is hoped, difficulties have still to be encountered however, that the capture and occubefore it is completely eradicated, and pation of Abecher, the chief town of many years' steady pressure will be V/adai, in June of last year, by French necessary before the end is reached. troops, will deal a serious, and ulti- mately a fatal, blow to this traffic, as The last official report of the Egyp- Abecher has been a usual startingtian Sudan refers to slave-raiding point for caravans going north. The carried on in defiance of the govern- disaster to a French force in this rement in Kordofan, where fighting had gion early in the present year is taken place and the opposition was enough to show that French control only overcome at the cost of some loss of Wadai is not yet fully established. of life. In the southern part of the Sudan we have reason to know that We have recently learned that for an active trade has been carried on the last ten years a regular slave by the Senoussi clan, who deal with traffic has been carried on between slaves in exchange for firearms West Africa and West Central Afbrought from the north. According rica to Mecca, by way of the Chari to information received by the anti- River, through the French and Angloslavery societies of England, France, Egyptian spheres of influence. It is and Italy, the victims of this trade are greatly to be desired that the authorobtained in the Anglo-Egyptian and ities of both countries should estab- French spheres of influence-Darfur lish more posts to check this transport and Wadai, respectively – whence of slaves, and representations are they are conveyed by an old slave being made at the present time with route leading northward through the this end in view. desert to the oasis of Koufra, from which point the caravans divide, some In British East Africa the slavery of the slaves being taken, it is said, question has always been prominent; toward Egypt, but the greater number the interest of Great Britain in that to Tripoli, where such of them as sur- region largely originated with the devive the hardships of the journey and sire to abolish the slave trade. Many are not sold in Tripoli are exported decrees have been passed in Zanzibar, in considerable numbers to Turkish through pressure exercised by Great ports, in utter defiance of the Brus- Britain upon the Sultans of that counsels Act. It is true that the negroes try ever since 1873, but all were to a transported to Turkey must show great extent evaded. After the dectheir freedom papers, but through the laration of the British protectorate negligence or connivance of the Turk- over Zanzibar in 1890, the question ish authorities, these are given with- became more urgent, but it was not out inquiry to the dealers who wish until r897 that a decree was passed to export slaves, and the provisions for the abolition of the legal status of of the Brussels Act are thus rendered slavery in the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba. This measure was one of a

SLAVERY AS IT EXISTS TO-DAY

very cautious character; it established by the proposed decree were excluded a court to receive claims for freedom from obtaining their freedom, are now and to grant compensation to the mas- able, with certain reservations, to ters, and the emancipation of the slave claim it. The passing of this measure population has proceeded very slowly. brings a long and painful chapter in Cruelties on the part of the owners may be said to have been entirely abolished, and it is reported that many slaves prefer to remain in nominal slavery rather than work under con- tracts. Many of the best class of freed slaves have managed to buy small estates for themselves, and the prosperity of these men is growing.

In the coast territories of the East Africa Protectorate, slavery ceased to be legally recognized in October, 1907, after much pressure had been brought to bear upon the authorities, the diffi- culty being increased by the fact that the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba ancl a narrow coast strip of territory on the mainland of British East Af- rica are subject to the nominal rule of the Sultan of Zanzibar. In Octo- ber I907, an ordinance was passed de- claring the legal status of slavery abolished throughout the protectorate; SOLDIERS OR SENTRIES EMPLOYED BY THE the territory is, however, so vast and KONCO STATE so little known that an institution so in- the history of East Africa to a satis- grained in the people can not be factory conclusion, but time and effort wholly supprest for some time to are still needed to insure the abolition come. In May, 1908, the British Gov- of slavery in spirit as well as in letter, ernment announced their intention of and to fit liberated natives to use their introducing into the islands of Zan- freedom to good advantage.

zibar and Pemba the system in force As to the west side of Africa, Sir on the mainland, and the long-prom- Frederick Lugard, who was then High ised decree amending and extending Commissioner, wrote in 1901 of north- the measure of I897 was published in ern Nigeria (which, since the begin- July, 1909. Its terms are brief and ning of 1900, has been a British pro- straightforward: compensation is tectorate under imperial control), that awarded to freed slaves who are un- there was no other part of Africa where able to earn their own living; but no the worst forms of slave-raiding existed compensation, either to masters or to so terrible an extent and were pros- slaves, will be granted after the end ecuted on so large a scale. In his last of 19II. Women of the harem, who report for 1907-08, the present gov-

ernor was able to state that the whole Portuguese authorities on the west condition of the country has entirely coast made it utterly futile to try and changed. Slave-dealing is reported to cope with the slave trade that thrives be disappearing in nearly all the in the interior of Central Africa. provinces, as a result of the efforts of the resident officials and the coopera- Other Forms of Slavery tion of the authorities in the adjoining French and German territories. The It is clear that the wide-spreading natives generally are becoming more evils of African slave-trading and fully aware that slave-dealing is slavery are far from fully supprest. heavily punished by law, but so long But the most dangerous, because more as complete control over the whole of subtle, forms of slavery at the present the pagan areas is not established, so time are those which disguise themlong would the inhabitants continue selves under an alias. to sell their children. In dealing with the African native Southern Nigeria, like the north- there may be said to be two entirely ern protectorate, was only a few years opposed policies-that of educating, ago the scene of an organized system training and civilizing him to occupy of slave-raiding and dealing; these a useful place in the community, and proceedings on a large scale are said that of exploiting and using him to have been crusht by the military merely as a tool for the profit of the operations of 1902, but private slave- white man. The extreme example of dealings can hardly be considered to this exploitation policy is seen in the be extinct. The sending of punitive miscalled Kongo Free State, which expeditions to overcome the opposi- Kas started as a great international tion of the natives to civilized cus- philanthropic scheme for opening up toms still appears to be too frequent. a vast district of Africa to free trade, civilizing the native tribes and pro- In the extreme southern part of the moting their moral and material wel- Kongo State, and near to where the fare. This State has been turned into Portuguese territory abuts on the a great commercial and financial conconfines of unadministered British ter- cern, whereby the natives are ground ritory in northwest Rhodesia, slave- down by incessant tyranny to produce hunting is still carried on with vigor, rubber for European markets. As the and the natives so raided are carried British Prime Minister said in Novemby slave-raiders unhindered through ber last, "The conditions on which the the Portuguese colony of Angola to Kongo Free State was founded have the ports on that coast, whence they not only never been fulfilled, they have are exported under the name of "con- been continuously and habitually viotract laborers" to the coco plantations lated." The present Foreign Secreof S. Thome and Principe. In I90r tary has described the condition of the acting administrator of northwest things as amounting to "slavery pure Rhodesia described the havoc wrought and simple." The consequences of by the slave traffic in Central Barotsi- this system have been described by a land, which the administration of host of witnesses, official and unoffi- Northwest Rhodesia were doing their cial, belonging to many European nabest to check, but its toleration by the tions and by the reports of British

SLAVERY AS IT EXISTS TO-DAY

and American consuls, as well as by rendered its claim to all the natural the investigation of a commission ap- produce of the soil of the country, pointed a few years ago by the late and promised to open the country King Leopold himself. The annexa- gradually to freedom of trade. It furtion of the Kongo State by Belgium ther promised to abandon the tax paytook place in August, 1908, but the able by the natives in foodstuffs, which benefit to the natives resulting therefrom appears to be little or nothing. In ON 'BOARD A SLAVE STEAMER OFF 'rlJE COAST OF AFRICA June, 1909, the British Government, in a dispatch to Belgium, stated that no is an immense burden upon them; to reports had reached his Majesty's collect native taxes in money; to limit Government to show that the amount porterage and to introduce other imof forced labor and illegal or ex- portant reforms; but, on closer examcessive taxation exacted from the na- ination, these promises of reform are tives had diminished. A German gen- seen to be less satisfactory than was tleman, Dr. Dorpinghaus, who went first thought. The opening of the out to the Upper Kongo for scientific country to legitimate trade between investigation in the service of one of the natives and the outer world is to the concessionary companies, was so be made only in three stages of six, horrified by what ·he daily saw of the eighteen and thirty months, respectworking of the state system of admin- ively. It appears that the half of the istration that last year he gave up his territory which is to be first opened post and returned to Europe. He to trade is already, to a large extent, writes in his report, copies of which are in the possession of the British, American and German governments, "The history of modern civilized nations has scarcely ever had anything to equal such shameful deeds as the agents in the Belgium Kongo have been guilty of." He does not think that Belgian annexation will appreciably alter the state of things. Raids have recently been carried out in the Kasai district for native labor for railway construction by Belgian officials, when men, women and children were taken by force, villages pillaged, and chiefs bound and taken away. Other recent evidence is to the same effect.

In November, I909, certain important reform proposals were put forward by the Belgian Government, the most important point in which was that the Government of Belgium sur-

exhausted of rubber. Of the other been so closely stamped upon the ex- half, one-third is to be opened in isting Kongo regime, will clear the eighteen months, and another third, way ultimately for a saner and more including the Welle territory, in two humane policy, but it is very doubtful years and a half, while in the remain- how far King Albert will be able to ing third (to which Dr. Dorpinghaus' inaugurate the necessary reforms and report related) the existing system is to induce the Belgian people to take to be maintained for an indefinite an interest in the question of Kongo period. Hitherto the Welle district administration and show their willing- has escaped the full pressure of the ness to provide the funds without rubber tax, and it is known that the which no reform can be carried out.

new district commissioner recently re- A similar system to that in the ceived official instructions to enforce Kongo State prevails in part of the the tax vigorously. It seems only French Kongo (unlike that of the too probable that before the country French dominions in West Africa).

is opened to free trade, pressure will Here natives have been expropriated be applied by the State and the com- on a large scale and are not allowed panies, and every effort made to to work the natural products, which squeeze it to the utmost and so cause are exploited by concessionary com- further suffering to the hapless na- panies, who compel the natives to work tives. These proposals appear to be for them by violent means. The largely the result of economic neces- Kongo system is simply the policy of sity, and indicate that the forced labor exploitation of the native of Africa system is ceasing to pay. The posi- logically carried to its extreme limit.

tion of the concessionary companies Another flagrant example of a remains unchanged under the scheme modern slave system is that which proposed. has prevailed for many years in Por- A well-known Belgian reformer, M. tuguese West Africa, in order to pro- Lorand, points out that the carrying cure labor for the development of the out of these proposals will entail enor- sugar and coco plantations in the mous difficulties, notably the cost to colony of Angola and the islands of the Belgian exchequer. The budget S. Thome and Principe. This is in- by which the revenue for I9IO is to distinguishable, except in name, from be raised provides that about one-half the old slavery. During the last few of the whole amount is to be drawn years more has been known about the from the old source-the proceeds of character of this labor, owing to the forced native labor in the collection of investigations of Mr. Henry W.

rubber and copal. The truth is that Nevinson (who went out a few years any reform scheme put forward is ago on behalf of Messrs. Harper & worthless without the provision for a Brothers, the well-known publishers), substantial grant-in-aid for adminis- and of certain missionaries who have trative purposes to replace the forced become acquainted with the system.

labor system. At present, there is no Recently three large English coco sign that this is forthcoming. firms, who are directly interested in It is hoped that the death of King the question, have made investigations Leopold II, whose personality has and issued a report. The chief evil

1910J SLAVERY AS IT EXISTS TO-DAY

consists in the way in which the native the unhealthy islands, from which they laborers are obtained in the hinterland never return." of Angola, where they are procured by dealers by force or fraud and are Last summer the Portuguese Govconveyed hundreds of miles to the ernment published new regulations for coast under conditions of the worst the islands, limiting recruiting to cerkind. They go through a form of tain areas, etc., and shortly afterward contract for five years, but once in a decree was published by which the the islands, which are entirely devoted recruiting of Angola natives was susto the growing of coco, they never, pended until the end of January. The until quite recently, have been known value of all such regulations, how- ever, wholly depends upon the possibil- AFRICAN SLAVES DISEMBARKING AT s. THOME to return to their homes. Within the ity of their being really carried out. last few months it is stated that some Now that many of the large English few of these laborers have been re- coco firms have announced (as they patriated; but of the whole number did last year) that they would cease who are sent to the islands every year to purchase the Portuguese coco until -about four thousand-those who re- free labor was introduced, their exturn to their own land is almost inap- ample has been followed by many preciable. Mr. Joseph Burtt, who, other manufacturers, both on the contwo years ago, was sent out as a rep- tinent and in America. resentative of the coco firms to report on the conditions of labor in S. Thome The Anti-slavery and Aborigines and Principe, wrote in his report: Protection Society sent a deputation to America last autumn in the persons of "Under the existing system hun- Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Burtt to awaken dreds of black men and women are, and inform public opinion in the against their will, and often under cir- United States, as it was found that cumstances of great cruelty, taken the Portuguese coco had been bought away every year from their homes and in by American manufacturers at a transported across the sea to work on slightly cheaper rate. The result of

Mr. Burtt's visit has been most en- Hay, then British Minister, the sale of cour,aging, as he was received with slaves in open market was stopt in the great cordiality and had the opportu- coast towns many years back. From nity of addressing many meetings and reports, however, of dealings in obtained interviews with prominent slaves in the last few years, it is to coco manufacturers. We may reason- be feared that as a consequence of the ably hope that the pressure exercised generally disturbed state of the coun- by the British and American buyers try, things have recently gone back of the coco will induce the Portuguese and the slave trade can be carried on traders to amend the system, to which without much difficulty. It is hoped many of the Portuguese themselves that the import of slaves into the coun- are entirely opposed. try from the south will be more and Last year attention was called in more checked as French influence the British press to a story of cruel grows more powerful in the south- oppression and wrongs systematically eastern frontier of Morocco. In I 906, inflicted on the native Indians em- at the Algeciras Conference, a resolu- ployed in the collection of rubber in tion recommending the abolition of the remote district of the Putumayo slavery in Morocco was passed, and River (a tributary of the Amazon), it was then stated by the British Gov- the sovereignty of which is disputed ernment that representations had been between Peru and Colombia. The al- mitde to the Sultan urging that the legations as to the working of the regulations against the public sale of system were very circumstantial and slaves in coast towns and their trans- of a most revolting character, relating port by sea should be strictly ob- to a demand by the Peruvian Amazon served.

Company, which has offices in the city Enough has perhaps been said to of London, for extortionate quantities show how real and wide-spread an of rubber from the natives employed, evil slavery still is, and the direction barbarous penalties, including savage in which its dangers generally lie has flogging, mutilations, torture and been indicated. We can hardly over- death inflicted for shortage. The com- estimate the value of strong and in- pany's agents are described as men fluential public opinion. If it is true, of the lowest type, frequently fugitive as is sometimes maintained, that the criminals. Questions were asked in old humanitarian spirit which actuated Parliament, and the British Govern- the anti-slavery leaders of the last cen- ment is stated to be following up the tury has been weakened and impaired matter. by the trend of modern thought, as The British Anti-slavery Society has well as by the present-day haste to be- for many years interested itself in the come rich, there is more need for con- question of slavery in the benighted stant vigilance, especially on behalf country of Morocco, and has on of the Anglo-Saxon nations, who must several occasions sent out deputations remember the high traditions of the to that country. Owing to this so- past and the importance of maintain- ciety's efforts, and through the power- ing a continuity of moral policy on ful influence of Sir J. Drummond this question.

BOYS AT OLD ELATJ WEST

CAN AFRICA BE CHRISTIANIZED?

BY REV. A. WOODRUFF HALSEY, D.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions The Presbyterian Church in the has work in this section of Kamerun. United States of America, through its With the exception of some Roman Board of Foreign Missions, is en- Catholic missions, the Presbyterian deavoring to answer this question in Church is responsible for this entire one corner of the dark continent. It section of southern Kamerun. has four mission stations in the Ger- It is less than thirty years since man colony of Kamerun on the west Adolphus Good, of blest memory, the coast of Africa. One of them, Ba- story of whose achievements is so tanga, 170 miles north of the equator, fittingly told in that splendid volume, is on the sea coast; the other three, "A Life for Africa," by Miss Parsons, Efulen, Elat and Lolodorf, are in the blazed the way into the unknown interior. Batanga was opened in Kamerun district. For the first two 1885; Efulen, 45 miles east of Ba- decades the progress was slow. The tanga, in 1893; Elat, 38 miles east of last five years great advance has been Efulen, in 1895, and McLean, 70 miles made. northeast of Batanga, in 1897. No In 1905 it was the privilege of the other Protestant missionary society writer of these lines to visit the sta-

tions in Kamerun. He w.as the first and guidance before being received secretary of the board to visit the mis- into full membership. The number of sion. His coming had been heralded missionaries has not increased in the for months. Many were drawn to four years. The amount appropriated church services out of curiosity. The by the board in New York for the audiences represented the high-water West Africa mission was practically mark of attendance for the year or the same in 1909 as in 1905. Mean- for any year in the various stations. while, however, every church became At Batanga, not more than 250 people self-supporting, and the savings in ap- were present at any single gathering. propriations for native work were At Efulen, on a clear Sunday morning, sufficient to support two American 800 were present. At Lolodorf, 1,100; missionaries for the entire year.

at Elat, 1,600. These numbers were Whence this great transformation?

considered extraordinary. In so far as it can be traced, it would On the first Sunday of July, 1909, seem to be due to the development of there were present at the communion educational evangelistic work. Many service at Batanga, 1,200; at EfuIen, years ago .the Presbyterian Board 1,600; at Lolodorf, 1,700; at Elat, opened a station at Angom, in Kongo 3,500. In 1905, the average at- Fran<;ais. For seventeen years there tendance at the Sunday services at labored there a man of God, most Elat for the fifty-two Sundays in the saintly and devout. He gave of his year, was less than five hundred. best and laid down his life. His body From August 1, 1908, to August 1, rests at Angom. He was preeminently 1909, fifty-two Sundays, the total at- an evangelist, but the school was tendance at Elat was 61,236, or an neglected. He gathered about him a average of 1,177 for each Sunday of small group of devoted Christians, the year. The offerings for the first some of whom are with us to this day.

half of the year amounted to 624.87 One wonders what would have been marks, or about $159; for the second the result if instead of tireless itinera- half, 1,603.50 marks, or $385. The ting he had devoted his time to training total for the year was 2,228.37 marks, men and women to carry the gospel equivalent to $534.80. The average to their own countrymen. In Kamerun per Sunday for the last six months the missionary multiplied himself by was $64. Board at Elat can be had training the native Christians to do for two cents a day, and wages are the work of evangelists. He created twelve cents a day. During the year an appetite for knowledge, and this is not less than 700 persons in this single the way it was done. The headman station canfest their desire to follow of a town would come to the station Jesus Christ as Lord and Master. At and ask for a teacher. He did this Lolodorf at least 600 con fest Christ, because some boy from his town, and nearly as many at Efulen. These trained in the station school, had come were not received into the Church. It back with a book. He was able to is the rule in the mission to place in- read; he was able to write. He was quirers in a class called N samba (those the wonder and admiration and envy who wish to follow Jesus), and for of the town. The chief was desirous two ye.ars they are under instruction that other boys should learn. He was

CAN AFRICA BE CHRISTIANIZED?

told that he must furnish .a building, quite often; and, in fact, everything to secure food for the teacher, pay for carry one back to the old-time barn-raischarts and slates, and the small equip- ings. At noon Saturday I left Biba with ment needed for these elementary a schoolhouse to be completed 'in the schools. Young men in the station afternoon. Oh, how the boys did cheer schools who gave evidence of special for their new house! proud as peacocks aptitude were placed in a normal class that they built it themselves; and the and taught how to teach. They were men exclaimed over and over, "Whoever then sent out to take charge of the schools in the villages or towns. The number of the schools increased rapidly. In 1909, in the district covered by Elat, not less than twenty-five schools were in operation, one of them being ninety-four miles away. The total enrollment for the year was 1,670. At Efulen there were fifteen such schools; at Lolodorf, fourteen. The people took great interest, as is evidenced by the following account of the new school which was started at Biba. The missionary writes as follows: The people promised to build a BOYS OF THE MISSION SCHOOL, EFULEN, WEST AFRICA schoolhouse, but on my arrival I found the school in the palaver-house, and only saw boys build a house like that before." the ground cleared for a schoolhouse. Indeed, it is a grand thing to think the This was a heartrending sight to see boys in Africa want school, and will fifty boys working at their slates in a build their own house if they are shown place abandoned by the men of the vil- how to do it. lage. I called the men together and told them of the promise they had broken, The village schools are potent as and asked them what they would do if evangelistic agencies, for while the God would break that great promise of young men teachers are not thoroughsaving their souls through Christ? I told ly educated, yet they have had a perthem I came to see the school they sonal experience in grace; have been promised to build, and I intended to see taught the essentials of salvation from it before I left. I told each of the fifty sin in Jesus Christ, and have a heart boys to bring one bamboo pole the next message for the multitudes of people morning, which they did. Friday morn- who are sitting in total darkness in ing I inspected the school, and in the the viJIages round about them. On afternoon I closed school and told the Sundays the teachers conduct morning boys to put up the poles for the house. services at strategic points. The total The wheel was a handy thing to go from attendance in the twenty-five schools town to town, and write up names of in the Elat district during a single men who were to bring mats and bark. This they did, and Saturday morning all the boys were on the place ready to build. Then began a happy period of time. Hymns were sung, yells given. "Ro je bo!" "Ro je bo," was repeated

CROWDS AT A MISSION SERVICE IN THE MACLEAN }d:EMORlAL MISSION STATION, WEST AFRICA term of seven weeks was 25,312. The eager to enter the station school. majority of these people had never Those coming from a distance are reheard the gospel before; a desire was ceived as boarders, and are thus created which led them in time to the brought into a religious atmosphere mission station, where the way was whose influence is most pervading. fully explained. There are station The evangelistic fervor of the Chrisschools at each station in charge of tian school-boy is one of the marked missionary teachers. There are three characteristics of the entire educamain schools, which hold three terms tional system in Bululand. One of the of ten weeks each during the year. missionaries at Lolodorf writes of the The village-school sessions are held work of the past year: after the station schools are closed. During the past year we have been ex- In 1909 at least 4,000 pupils were periencing a revival in all three of our connected with the station and the stations from which village schools have village schools. Not only is the Bible been started during the past few years. taught in each school and Bible verses Speaking of Lolodorf, nearly every letter committed to memory, but the reading- I receive from the village school-teachers books to a large extent are made up of tells about the large attendance at Sun- Scripture, so that the pupils become day services, and many recount the numsaturated with the Word of God. bers who have confest. One teacher Every teacher is a Christian. sent the names of 36 persons who con- fest in one day. One reported as many The village schools are entirely self- as 500 at a single service. supporting, and are feeders to the station schools. The brighter pupils, No doubt the consecration of the after having received the elementary missionary and his devotion has had instruction in the village schools, are much to do with producing this evan-

AFRICA BE CHRISTIANIZED?

A VILLAGE SCHOOL IN WEST AFRICA gelistic spirit among the boys. One ary and the quarterly visit of the of the teachers writes: thirty members of the church-members of Lam to the station at communion Altho my occupation here is the teach- season were the only outside help exing of German, yet I think it is my pri- perienced. In June of 1909 this elder mary business to try and bring mcn and sent an appeal to the station for help. women to a knowledge of Jesus Christ. The astonished missionary on his ar- The work of the boys' school is on my rival found a new house of worship heart, as the school is the best means of in process of erection, built by the spreading the Gospel. voluntary labors of believers; a roll of believers over four hundred in number, It is not easy to tell where the school some of them coming from twenty ends and the Church begins, for each miles beyond Lam, and a rare spirit is both educational and evangelistic of devotion and consecration. The beand neither liveth unto itself. Two ginning of this work was in the vilexamples might be given to illustrate lage school, which became a center of the far-reaching influence of the evangelistic influence for the entire reschool: gion.

The school at Lam, twenty-three Eight miles to the south and west miles from Lolodorf, was the first vil- of Lolodorf, at Muga, the second town lage school in the interior. Muga was school was opened. A group of Christhe second. The story of Lam and of tians was the result. When the main Muga for the year 1909 is one that church was in process of building at will gladden the heart of every lover Lolodorf, Christian women traversed of Africa. The strongest elder of the and retraversed these eight hiIIy miles church at Lolodorf was sent to Lam. in the African sun to sell plantains to His work centered around the school. An occasional visit from the mission-

the missionary, the entire proceeds of tering class received for work done, which were "smilingly contributed to 7,650 marks. Numerous .articles were the building fund." Now there are made, such as tables, sideboards, chif- two hundred believers at Muga. It foniers, bedsteads, rattan chairs, canes, is significant that here also is a large napkin-rings, and various articles of village school. Such illustrations ebony and ivory bric-a.-brac. An en- could be multiplied indefinitely. tire factory or warehouse was con- About the same time that the village structed by the boys in the carpenters'

school was started, the industrial work class directed by a single white mis- was also put on more stable basis. sionary. Orders for tables and chairs Spasmodic attempts at industrial work have come from traders seventy or had been made in previous years, but eighty miles in the interior. The in 1905 the industrial school was whole economic condition has been opened at Elat. This has no doubt changed by teaching the native to use contributed to the general uplift of the the materials so lavishly scattered all people. In the four years great ad- about him. The government officials vance has been made. Industrial work have recognized the value of the work has proved a corrective to too much done, and traders, instead of standing book learning. "A proper balance," aloof and criticizing the work of the writes one of our best missionary missionary, have now been won over teachers, "must be kept between the as earnest friends. The evangelistic dignity of labor and power of learning spirit dominates the industrial school in any community. How much more as well as all the other schools.

in Africa, where the introduction of The real secret of the great advance civilization has already taken from the in Bulu land is the presence of the native his birthright of idleness and Spirit in the heart of the missionary given him in no small measure the and the native Christian. At Batanga birthright of work; granting that the most marked advance has been much learning is not likely to make among the Mayeba people. These the African mad, there is no denying people speak a language which is that it makes him proud, haughty and known by none of the missionaries.

foolish unless it is properly balanced. The awakening among them is due I have several times broken the mis- entirely to the efforts of the native sion statute in the case of boys who Christians. Several have recently live in the day-pupil zone (no pupil been taken into the Batanga churches living within three miles is allowed and there are large numbers in the in the boarding school) by making catechumen classes.

them live on the place and work as a The Christians at Elat have built a cure for idleness." guest-house, where people may lodge Whatever may be the theory re- who come from a distance to stay over garding this matter, the result in Sabbath, while fourteen miles to the Kamerun has been very beneficial to west of the station a house has been the people. Classes in tailoring, in erected in which passing travelers may carpentering, in gardening, have made sleep and find a gospel message from rapid advance. The first six months the Christian attendant who is in of 1909 the tailoring class and carpen- charge. Three hundred persons were

present in this house on a single Sun- encourage them. Tho the station is day in September, and during the but newly opened, there is a school of third three months of the year 1909 thirty-three boys enrolled, and at the forty came from the district to confess end of the first week the tuition and Christ, yet the only instruction they the money to purchase slates had been had received was from the native paid by nearly all the pupils. The Christian who had been trained in the headman of Metet claims ISO women A DETTER-CLASS HOUSE IN ELAT, WEST AFRICA House and Furnishings Made by the Mission App rentices of Elat school and had been taught by the as wives, and 80 sons. All the vices Master. of Africa center about Metet. The headman even offered to give two of The Board has recently opened a his wives to the missionary in exnew station at Metet, some ninety change for the dog and donkey which miles northeast of Elat. The mission- the missionary brought with him. Yet ary who made the tour of exploration the Christian Bulu is willing to remain took with him as carriers a group of at this place. Already there are in Christian young men. They carried training the young people of Metet their sixty pounds twenty miles each who will help to evangelize the vast day, and then at eventide they sought regions beyond. Can Africa be Chrisvillages near their camping-place and tianized? The answer from Kamerun preached Christ. Some of these faith- is a great big YES. What are you doful men were willing to abide at Metet, ing to help civilize the Africans? with no white missionary to direct and

IN FOREIGN MISSION

THE CONDITIONS OF ENLARGEMENT BY REV. D. Z. SHEFFIELD, D.D.

Modern Christian missions, in their modern missions carries a serious ac- lower order of ethical and social cusation against the Christian Church fruitage, have been highly commended for dulness of ear and slowness of by a long list of intelligent men, not heart to hear and heed the divine com- all bearing the Christian name. These, mand to share with our Master in his men have taken note that whatever vork of world renovation.

the source of this transforming power The Christian Church in its inspir- the results were undeniable, that mul- ing thought is a divine institution, but titudes of men and women living in it is equally a human institution in thraldom to evil customs and degrad- the part that men must take in its up- ing superstitions have been delivered building; and as human, its upbuild- from this thraldom, and have entered ing has too often been with feeble into a new social order, with charac- hands and divided hearts. When the ters ethically improved and life ideals writer set out for his mission field in vastly exalted. Again, there are mul- China, Dr. N. G. Clark said to him: titudes of men and women who see in "If we had a thousand missionary "the glad tidings of Christ" a divine candidates we would send them forth, purpose deeper and higher than ethical trusting that the Lord would stir the and social renovation-important as hearts of Christian men and women to this is-which is being slowly wrought give them support." This seems like out of mission fields, nothing less than the expression of an inspiring faith, the restoration of the broken relation- but in the light of forty years of sub- ship between the hearts of men and sequent mission history, we make the heart of God, and a like restora- bold to ask, Would it be wise for tion of the relationship of brotherhood mission boards to adopt such a basis among men. This, to their thought, for carrying on their work? It should is the supreme work which Christian not be forgotten that for every hun- mlSSlons are accomplishing, and dred dollars for the missionary's per- ethical and social amelioration are its sonal support, another hundred must outward results. be provided for equipment if he is to When we study the life and teach- be efficient in his work. As well ings of our Master we discover that neglect to provide guns and ammu- there was no "home" and "foreign" nition for soldiers standing on the in his program of human redemption. line of battle as neglect to provide es- His "kingdom of heaven," his "glad sential agencies for use in mission tidings," were for near and far. work. During the last forty years "Whosoever hath ears let him hear." mission work has recorded splendid The foreign missionary and the home achievements, but-as every mission- pastor are engaged in the one work ary and mission secretary knows-the with their common Master. In this support of this work, both in men and work all who bear the name of Christ means, has been painfully inadequate are called to engage, that eighteen to its growing needs. Instead of the centuries have intervened between the saying, "It takes a dollar to send a apostolic mission-work and that of dollar to the mission field," having in it any element of truth, it is nearer the clay has reached its noontide. It is truth to say, "Mission boards have important that we do not underes- . been doing their work with one dollar timate the greatness of the mission where two were needed for best effi- work still lying before the Christian ciency." Church. It may be wise to take as a President Capen is in the habit of battle-cry, "The evangelization of the saying, in his mission addresses, "We world within the present generation,"

are trying to do a million-dollar busi- but it is not given to men to know the ness on seven hundred thousand dol- length of days or years when the lars capita1." The real status is even Church's obligations in this regard more serious than this statement sug- have been discharged. It is certain gests. The "business" is seriously and that this work is destined to bulk in chronically distrest in many lines of vastly greater magnitude and urgency its activity because it must grow or in the awakened and enlightened con- die, and its roots are continuously sciousness of the Church than it has without proper depth of earth. Condi- as yet assumed. We would not say, as tions in other fields may well be illus- has been said, "The Church as yet trated by those in China. China, by has only been playing with missions."

reason of its threefold awakening, po- The work already accomplished is of litical, social and industrial, has too sacred a character, and has been opened the doors of opportunity for wrought out with too great sacrifice Christian work before there are men to be spoken of as "playing with mis- to enter in or means to sustain their sions"; but it is speaking the exact work. We read that one hundred and truth when we say that down to the forty millions of dollars were given present time mission work has been in the United States in 1909 to edu- accomplished by the prayers and gifts cational institutions, while a compara- and activities of an inner circle of tively trivial amount was given to men and women, who have devoutly similar institutions on mission fields, and intelligently entered into the di- and yet these institutions are con- vine thought for the world's uplift fronted with opportunities for ac- and transformation. That inner circle complishing a work for the young of of men and women must be greatly these distant nations not second in im- enlarged before mission work takes portance to the work being accom- its adequate place among the activities plished for the young of America. of the Church. When a Christian Just now a new note of hope is man says, "I am not interested in mis- being struck by the Laymen's Move- sions," he does not realize that he is ment, holding great and inspiring confessing his indifference to the su- meetings in leading cities in the in- preme work of Christ, and that such terests of a better support of mission indifference is an evidence of his own work. This looks like the dawning of spiritual leanness.

the day of the Church's awakening to The Student Volunteer Movement its world-duty to share more boun- has already covered a sufficient num- tifully of its spiritual riches with its ber of years and has achieved suffi- neighbors across the seas, but much cient success to deserve the thoughtful must yet be accomplished before that study of serious Christian workers.

That organization was born in an at- bership are weak of heart, are igmosphere of prayer; it was nourished norant and fearful, are subject to in a climate of devotion to the person family and social persecution; and yet and teachings of Christ; it was these Christian babes are, doubtless, strengthened and inspired by wide as near and precious to the divine reading of missionary achievement un- heart as are we. Dare we say that we der the guidance of men of first-hand have entered in adequate measure knowledge of the work. They have into the divine compassion for his thus received a double training of children so deeply alienated from his mind and heart to fit them to succeed great Father heart? Are we by our in their chosen work, to enable them prayers and sympathy truly sharing to grapple with its difficulties, and to with onr Master in His world work of know the source of appeal in their human renovation? Are we supportneeds. The meeting recently held in ing the mission work of the Church Rochester, unique in its spiritual to the point of the best efficiency of power and uplift, was a witness both its missionaries? That was a bold to the magnitude and quality of this challenge made by a leading layman movement; it was, further, a prophecy on the platform of the Student Volunof yet greater things in the future. It teer meeting in Rochester, when he is the conviction of the writer, if mis- promised that great body of young sion work is to be more adequately men and women that in the future the supported in the future than it has laymen of the Church would look to been in the past, there must be a it that they and their work should greatly increased number of those who have adequate support on the mission bear the name of Orrist who shall field. He assured them that there was come into a deeper and more intelli- no lack of ability to give this support gent sympathy with His world-re- if only hearts were awakened to the generating purpose, and whose hearts grandeur and urgency of the work. have been quickened with a desire and purpose to have a personal share in Vve are, indeed, at the dawning of this work. the day of greater things in mission work if the appeal from without finds The foundations of the spiritual a glad response from the appeal from temple of God in the earth were laid within; if He whom we call Lord is in a divine sacrifice, and they have truly Lord of our hearts. Then will been built upon in every age of the we build our lives with all that has Church by human sacrifice, and not enriched them into His kingdom, and until the visible Church has been trans- our hearts will yield a glad consecraformed into the invisible will this law tion to the one divine work of reuniof growth through sacrifice be ting the hearts of men with the heart changed. Many thousands of Chris- of God. Then will be fulfilled our tian churches of our p~anting and Lord's great prayer, "Thy kingdom watering are now struggling into life come, thy will be done, as in heaven, on mission fields. Many of this mem- so on earth."

BURMAN AS A

BY REV. L. W. CRONKHITE, BASSEIN, BURMA Missionary of the American Baptist Missionary Union The old dictum of Dr. Ebenezer left-is eternal. Buddhism is not athe- Dodge that "the ethnic faiths are the ism in the sense of definite denial of resultants of human aspiration and the existence of a God. It simply human depravity" is as true of Bud- knows and says nothing about him. dhism as of the rest. Buddha, or as The successive Buddhas are not gods, the Burmese call him "Shin," or but men, who by self-repression and "Saint," Gaudama, lived in India meditation have attained to perfecabout 500 years before Christ. He is tion. They are no longer in the world an entirely historical character, and nor in any way, directly or indirectly, it is just to say that he is one of the connected with it or with men. They finest products of humanity without have simply by their own example divine revelation. Very self-denyingly left a path which others may follow and painfully he elaborated a system and following achieve as they have of religion, if a system without a achieved. known god may be called a religion, which held wide sway in India after According to Gaudama, all time is his death. It was later displaced al- divided into "worlds," or ages, each of which has four periods, the fourth most wholly by Hinduism and Mo- of which is always the period of man. hammedanism, so far as India is con- This is again divided into sixty-four cerned, tho it lingers in N epaul and cycles, and it is in stating the length Shotan. It passed over into Ceylon, of one of these cycles that the peculiar and about fourteen centuries ago into genius of the Oriental imagination Burma, in both of which countries it finds one of its very familiar manifesis still dominant. It exerts, too, a tations. Hinduism is full of such. strong influence in China and Japan Each of these sixty-four divisions is tho compounded there with other of such length that the lifetime of faiths. men increases with their increasing piety from ten years to a number of It is not easy to be just in speaking years so enormous that it is exprest of Buddhism. On its human-aspi- by the figure one followed by 140 ration side no man can withhold from ciphers. Then men begin to degenit his sympathetic respect, even tho he may not be able to hold it in cor- erate, and the lifetimes of the succesresponding esteem. On its human- sive generations shrink back from this depravity side-which is also its prac- vast figure to the ten years with which tical side-it is only what one would the cycle started. This round moveexpect of human nature unassisted by ment in the lifetime of men from one the Scripture revelation. One who cipher to 140 ciphers and back again mingles daily with its devotees is com- constitutes one of the sixty-four cypelled very sadly to say that it has cles, which together make up a peno saving power. riod, while, as said above, four such periods make one of the never-ending, What are its main teachings? As automatically succeeding "worlds" to God, there is no self-existent, eter- into which theoretical Buddhism connal, personal cause. Matter is eter- ceives time to be divided. This presnal, and the law of Buddha-that is, ent age or "world" in which we live the law which Buddha discovered and

has been greatly favored in that four be unsparingly and utterly represt Buddhas have appeared. Gaudama and destroyed. This will be accom- of India is the last of the four, and plished chiefly by meditation. Gauda- there will be one more before this rna so attained.

age ends, or about 2,500 years hence. But such attainment is not practi- The aim here is to give glimpses cable in the course of an ordinary life- of philosophical Buddhism and to time. Hence in part the doctrine of avoid the mass of details which for transmigration. An endless succes- our present purpose are useless-as sion of existences, of inconceivable useless as they are, for the most part, length, is the lot of every man and puerile. It ought to be said that Bud- woman before nirvana is even theo- dhist philosophy is a wonderfully retically attainable. If during any subtle maze. Tho subtle, it is a maze; given existence you accumulate suf- and like other Eastern philosophies ficient merit by austerities, offerings, it is frequently inconsistent with it- meditation, obedience to the precepts self. A maze is of interest, but one of the law, you are likely to be born must not expect to go through it and again, immediately after death, into emerge in an orderly manner. And a rather better form of existence than when one comes to matters of detail, you before enjoyed. The spider may numerous changes have been made become a dog, the dog a woman, the in Buddhism since the days of its woman a man, the man a being of a founder. rather higher order. Any excess of What theoretically is Buddhist sal- demerit in the next existence will set vation? I speak of it as theoretical, one back again, possibly to an estate because very few, hardly any, have lower than he now holds. Those who any serious expectation or desire of take life, as for instance the life of attaining it. Of course there are ex- a fish, pass to the lowest hell, there ceptions. With Buddha salvation is to endure unthinkable torments for not an attaining to holiness. Bud- cons that are practically endless. By dhism has nothing to say of what obedience they may finally escape, and we mean by holiness. Salvation con- begin again the wearisome ascent in sists in escaping from misery. All the scale of being. As an illustration our sorrows spring from action and of the way in which the idea of trans- from desire. School the flesh and the migration lies more or less distinctly mind until all desire ceases, desire in the minds of the Burmese, the mut- in its broadest sense, until nothing tered sentiment of a Burman mur- attracts the mind, until nothing is derer, as he stood upon the gallows, wanted, and therefore all activity to may be given: "I hope that I shall be attain, all activity of every kind a man again in my next existence."

ceases; and nirvana, otherwise spoken And the action of the poor, old, ignor- of as naikban, will be attained. N ei- ant Burman mother would provoke a ther our bodies nor our minds can smile, were i~ not so infinitely sad to possibly be the abode of anything a Christian's heart. Believing that in good. They are essentially and neces- the bleating of a certain calf she rec- sarily evil. They are not, as the Scrip- ognized the voice of her dead son, she tures teach, to be sanctified, but to rushed to the creature, embraced it

BURMAN AS A BUDDHIST

with terms of endearment, purchased ing in and out among the people, at it of its owner, and painfully de- its operation in the lives of its devo- voted her scanty means to providing tees. Of course no religion can be it with every comfort known to its judged exclusively by the lax lives kind. We smile perhaps, but beneath of two, or of a hundred, of its fol- our smile there is a mighty heartache lowers. All we can do is to ask for heathen motherhood. whether, after all due allowance has Self-discipline for purposes of sub- been made for perverted human na- traction, transmigration and nirvana ture, the fruits of the given system are doubtless the three great doctrines in the lives of the mass of its sincere of Buddhism that most strike one's followers are such as to make clear attention. We say self-discipline for its divine origin.

purposes of subtraction. You can not The monks and the laity make up mend the things in your nature. There the followers of Buddhism. A few is not a good side in them to be of the monks are y-thits, or hermits, brought out, much less any divine aid living apart in caves. The mass of to do it. They are all hopelessly and them live in monasteries, attached to necessarily evil; and as said before, towns or villages. In the smaller salvation is subtracting from the flesh towns one monk, or at most two, is and from the heart every desire or the rule. The larger towns have com- activity, and from the being every munities of monks, that is of Bud- element, until all are gone. With dhist priests, living in a common area what is left we rest forevermore in and presided over by a y'han, or ab- nirvana. Whether anything really is bot, who is regarded as of very pe- left is a disputed philosophical matter culiar sanctity. Above the abbots there of infinite tenuity. is one tha-tha-na-baing, or general Beneath the great mass of observ- bishop of the Buddhism of all Burma.

ances which must be carefully kept To him, even the king, in the old by those who definitely address them- days of Burman rule, did obeisance.

selves to the attainment of nirvana, All priests, with their yellow robes, and which remind us of the Jewish their shaven heads, and their seldom rabbis, there are five elementary duties broken vows of chastity, are objects, which lie at the basis of everything along with the Buddha and the Law, else, and are binding upon all men. oi general worship. The y'hans, and With all except the first both the some of the common order of monks, Mosaic code and common morality deserve, from a Buddhistic standpoint are in agreement. They run: ( all at least, the respect which is paid are negative) "do not destroy life; them. Not so much can be said of do not steal; do not commit adultery; the nuns, many of whom enter the do not speak falsely; do not drink in- calling when in straitened circum- toxicating liquors." And it is added, stances for the ease with which it "He who kills as much as a louse or a provides a living through beggary.

bug has broken these commandments." They are held in little repute, but So much for Buddhism in its broad- there certainly are, now and then at est theoretical outlines. We will look least, monks who are sincere in their now, from the standpoint of one mov- austerity, and whose yellow robes

cover traits of character which men If one ask what is the inducement rightly respect. to the Burman to enter the monastic order, the general answer is much The vast mass of the priests, how- the same that it is in other monastic ever, are palpably of the earth earthy. systems. A few relatively are sincere- It is quite impossible, in visiting a ly earnest souls, seeking higher things monastery, to retain anything like re- by the only road known to them. spect for nine out of every ten of Then, of course, there are the unthinkthem. They are not, by the way, ing, who follow custom. Another very priests in any sense, tho the designa- large class is led by considerations of tion has crept into the language of the honorable standing in the com- Europeans concerning them. There munity attached to the priesthood; is no altruism in Buddhism. Each and yet many others by the ease with man is seeking simply and solely his which an idle living is secured. To own individual salvation. The monk many the vows of celibacy and homeoccasionally preaches the law before lessness are made easier by the fact the people, in the sense that he re- that the monk can at any time quit peats by rote portions of the Law, his the monastery, and return to ordinary face screened from his hearers by a life without disgrace. He can take large fan. But this he does simply up his vows again, later on, if so as a prescribed mode of accumulating minded, but, of course, with lost time merit whereby to further his own sal- behind him for the accumulation of vation. Similarly when offerings merit. come to him from his disciples, no gratitude or slightest token of ac- Life in the monastery follows pretty knowledgment is due from him, just as closely a certain narrow routine. You no love is implied on their part. He has can often hear the youngsters of the placed them under obligations by giv- town, boys only, shouting out their ing them the opportunity of acquiring spelling-lessons (for the monks are merit to their own account. To sup- teachers of reading and writing Burport a hundred ordinary men is not mese tho of little else) before the so much, says the Law, as to feed one day has dawned. By half-past seven y'han, or head of a monastery. Aside or eight, the younger monks and some from its lack of an immanent divine of their pupils are out upon the streets, Spirit, its absolute foundation upon marching in single file, with their begselfishness is the principle of death in ging-bowls. The pious householders Buddhism. The duty and merit of along the way make their contribualmsgiving by the laity is always upon tions of rice and other eatables, while the lips of the priesthood. Sometimes the yellow-robed bearer of the bowl it is clothed in beautiful language, as stands rigid with eyes fixt stedfastwhen it is said that "the poor could lyon the ground. These miscellafill Lord Buddha's bowl with a hand- neous acquisitions of the morning ful of flowers; the rich could not do rounds make up the food of the so with a hundred, a thousand, ten younger monks and of the pupils of thousand measures of grain." Liber- the monastery school. After the begality is the chiefest virtue of the laity ging come visitors and conversation in the monks' teaching. until noon, when a meal, chiefly of

19IO] THE BURMAN AS A BUDDHIST

fruits, ensues. Nothing is supposed evasions of both their spirit and letter to be eaten after noon, tho the rule, like are constant. While theoretically not most other monastery rules save that even a layman may take life, not even of chastity, can be evaded. A hungry that of animalcuhe, the ,average priest recluse, sitting with his back to the does not hesitate to eat the flesh of sun, may inquire of a pupil whether it a creature that has been killed by is already noon. The youngster, mind- one of his followers. His own hands ful of the answer that in the long are clean.

run will be best for himself, replies Similarly among the laity. To that it won't be twelve for a good people living in a great river delta, bit yet; but they are afternoon shadows like the Irrawaddy, the temptation to that fall across the viands that he pro- take fish despite the prohibition as ceeds to bring. The earlier half of to taking life is irresistible. The law the afternoon may be given to the is particularly stringent just here, and monk's duties as a teacher of the vil- specially consigns the fisherman to one lage lads, or to idling or to sleep. of the lowest hells. The fisherman N ow and then a more earnest soul on his part smilingly admits the right- devotes it to meditation. But prac- eousness of the law, but protests that tically it is all as near doing nothing he does not kill the fish. He simply as anything earthly can be. From, draws them out of the water, after say, half-past three on the younger which they die of themselves. Bud- members of the brotherhood may give dhism, one must admit, has but little themselves to cleaning in and about power over the life of the Burman the monastery, the grounds of which until old age approaches, tho as every- for a little distance about the build- where the women are more devout ings are usually models of clean-swept than the men. Processions of old men neatness-the one such spot in the toward the pagodas for worship, of- town. At sunset all must be in, and ferings in hand, are very common.

endless recitations of Pali texts, par- The savings of a lifetime are very rot fashion, by those who understand likely to be expended upon the erec- nothing of the language in which they tion of a pagoda or ofa kyaung, or drone, make up the evening order monastery, a work of very particular until half-past eight or nine. Then merit, and one bringing the offerer comes worship before the image of the much-prized title of kyaung-ta-ga.

Buddha, and then to bed. No effort has been made to be ex- Besides the prohibition regarding haustive in this brief sketch. I have food after midday, already mentioned, scarcely referred to the various grades there are four other principal rules of punishment awaiting disobedience, to be observed by the monks, namely, and have said nothing at all of the not to dance, sing, or play any mu- various degrees of being and of bless- sical instrumeht ; not to use cosmetics; edness on the way to nirvana. Nor not to stand in unsuitable elevated has mention been made of the huge places; not to touch gold or silver. mass of degrading superstitions con- There is further a long list of minor nected with the old spirit-worship of regulations, over two hundred in all. the Burmese, and which, tho strictly so grievous to be borne that casuistical foreign to Buddhism itself, are uni-

versally blended by the Burmese goes out with a feeling of fellowship with it. toward these men who groped in dark- ness after light. But no such feeling With a theme like this it is easy to of sympathy should blind one to the err. Theoretical Buddhism is the out- dreadful fact that the followers of come of the reaching outward and Buddhism, as it has worked itself out upward of men who, powerfully im- in practise, are as a whole accurately prest by their souls' need, devised portrayed in the first chapter of Roa system of belief along the lines of mans. Admiration for Buddhism as their natural philosophic bent. No it exists in the lives of almost all its thoughtful heart will lightly pass cen- followers can come only from ignosure upon such men. The situa- rance, insincerity or infatuation. tion is full of pathos. The heart rather GENERAL SURVEY OF EVENTS IN CHINA REV. D. MAC GILLIVRAY, M.A., D.D., SHANGHAI, CHINA I. The almost simultaneous demise stream of talk about reforms; but of the Emperor Kuang Hsu and of when two of the strongest reformers the remarkably astute Empress- of the day are summarily consigned Dowager produced a wide-spre.ad feel- to oblivion, reforms naturally make ing in foreign circles that their suc- little progress. Notwithstanding the cessors would not be allowed to peace- peremptory demands of the British ably take over the reins of power, but treaty of 1902 and the United States all these forebodings were falsified by treaty of 1903 for .a whole series of the peaceful accession of Prince Ch'un reforms, the internal transit tax still as Regent, with the child, Hsuan lives, and the currency is daily increas- T'ung, as titular Emperor. And we ing in confusion. The army and navy are thankful to say that under the new are, indeed, in process of reorganizaregime the year has passed in peace. tion, but without honest men every- The Prince Regent is credited with a body knows that these new toys are genuine desire for the good of his expensive and useless. country; and having been abroad in 1901, he has seen something of the The Commission of Legal Reform world. But the net results of his first has reported that the new code of law year's rule are sadly disappointing. by which China hopes to secure the Notwithstanding the best intentions, abolition of extra-territoriality has he is evidently unable to overcome the been completed, but it will evidently inert resistance of a solidly conserva- take years before this code can be put tive past. into force. The cry of "China for the Chinese," which began some years ago, 2. Men of high integrity, too, are has risen to the highest pitch. The lamentably few, but notwithstanding refusal of foreign loans and the obthis we have seen during the year the jection to employing foreign experts dismissal of Yuan Shia-k'ai and Tuan bid fair to postpone the development Fang, the two men best known to and of China indefinitely. The boycott has trusted by the foreigners in China. been used as a weapon against both Japan and England, and a popular 3. There has been an unceasing

SURVEY OF EVENTS IN CHINA

movement has been started for the may be entirely disregarded as empty purpose of raising a huge sum to pay verbiage, for when you go down to back all moneys owing to foreign the actual doing you will not find the countries. Railways and concessions men to do. The idea of constitutional of various sorts have been redeemed government in the country, when each fr0111 foreign control, altho the agita- man's ambition is to serve his own tion in this connection is far from ends, is a huge joke." All of which over. goes to show that constitutionalism, etc., is not an infallible panacea for 4. The greatest event of the year China's ills. Without the new birth 1909 has been the inauguration of con- of the gospel, China will still go on stitutional government. On October groping in the dark. The clothes may 14, the elected delegates of each be changed, but not the man. province met in the provincial capital, and constituted the first provincial as- 5. China has gone in whole-heartsemblies. Altho these assemblies are edly for the new education. Great not yet full-fledged parliaments, and sums of money have been expended are only the first step in a ten years' on new buildings, and notwithstanding program leading up to full constitution- the obvious difficulties from want of alism, they are the beginnings of popu- teachers and lack of discipline, conlar power, the developments of which siderable progress has been made. As are fraught with boundless conse- a result of the remission of the Amerquences to China, to foreign countries, ican Boxer indemnity, roo Chinese and to the central government. Dur- students are yearly sent to America, ing the last of December, 5r delegates and this will continue for the next from the different provincial assem- 30 years. The number of Chinese stublies met in Shanghai, from whom pe- dents in Japan, which swelled at one titions were sent to Peking praying time to r5,000, is now down to 5,000. that the date of a national parliament In the province of Chili there are might be hastened. But, as an able more than 200,000 students in modern writer has pointed out, "self-regula- schools, and other provinces follow tion, self-initiative, and self-sacrifice," which are the fundamentals of a suc- suit. The C. L. S. by its literature, cessful constitution, are lamentably and the Y. M. C. A. by its institutional absent among high as well as low in China. "An old China hand," under work, are seeking to influence these date of September 9, writing from a students, but missionaries in the inpurely mercantile point of view, gave terior are everywhere getting into an unconscious corroboration of mis- touch with them in a helpful way, and sionary oplmon. He said, "It is this the influencing of these masses of defective sense of duty, the want of wide-awake Chinese young men conpersonal honor, and the sordid spirit stitutes an opportunity of premier imthat puts money before everything portance .and magnitude. else, that are responsible for the rapid decadence of a nation that was once Western nations, too, are showing great. All talk of reform in China un- a desire to establish universities in til the morale of the people is changed China for assisting the Chinese. The University of Chicago sent Professor Burton and Professor Chamberlin on a prolonged tour of investigation in

China, the results of which will doubt- on the matter must be developed beless appear in due time, while Lord fore this or any other attempt to re- William Cecil twice visited China with form can take root and become ina view to the establishment of a digenous. Christian university upon English lines, to be founded by Oxford and 7. Posts and Railways. The new Cambridge. post-office system was founded only twelve years ago, and is rapidly cover- In Hongkong the proposition to es- ing the whole empire. The following tablish a university was warmly sup- figures show what a tremendous ported by Chinese and foreigners, and agent of possible good to the remotest in a few months' time a large endow- corner of the empire the postal system ment fund was subscribed, while a promises to be. "In 1904, the total merchant prince of the colony will number of pieces handled was 66 milhimself erect the whole of the neces- lions; in 1905, 760 millions; in 1906, sary buildings. Several of the large II3 millions; in 1907, 168 millions; shipping firms gave munificent sums in 1908,252 millions. In I901 the parto the endowment. cels numbered 127,000, weighing 250 tons; in 1908 there were 2.445,000, The Germans in Ts'ing Tao are es- weighing 27.000 tons. The postal tablishing a German university there, routes now cover 88,000 miles, of and the Russians also propose two which 68,000 is by courier lines. The colleges in North Manchuria. number of post-offices has increased 2,803 in 1907 to 3,493 in 1908. 6. The anti-opium agitation culminated on February I when the In- Surely these post-offices and the ternational Opium Commission as- building of railways are long steps in sernbled in Shanghai. Representatives the preparation for the coming of the of 13 nations sat for three days. The King. The Peking-Kalgan Railway, findings of the commission represent begun in October, 1905, was finished the sober opinions of experts, and un- on September 24 last. The Shanghaidoubtedly the friendly interest thus Hangchow Railway was opened for shown in China's welfare was much traffic in August. The Tongkingappreciated. The resolutions adopted Yunnan Railway is nearly completed. were a pledge of the support of the The Tien-Tsin-Pukou line, which will powers represented to China in the connect Nanking with the north, has program of opium abolition, as well been begun, while many other railas the decision to restrict the use of ways are either building or likely to opium in the other parts of the world. be built.

Foreign cigarets, however, are 8. Turning to the Christian Church flooding the country, but there are in China, we note that the year has rumors that the government will for- been marked by many blest revivals. bid their use by soldiers, students and Bible institutes have successfully fosminors under eighteen years of age. tered the desire for Bible study. The Amid conflicting reports, one can only Federation Movement, as outlined by hope that some real progress is being the Centenary Conference, has made made in the abolition of opium good progress. Honan, as well as throughout the country; but, of several other provinces, have formed course, a Chinese national conscience

SURVEY OF EVENTS IN CHINA 45

provincial councils. The Independent realized that their work in China must Church Movement appears to be be reorganized to meet new conditions, quiescent. The apparent discrimina- and most of them have sent deputation of the Government in refusing tions to consult with their missionaries the right of suffrage to the graduates as to the necessary changes. Chief of Christian schools provoked keen among these are the Church Missiondiscussion among the Christians; but ary Society, the London Missionary in many places they were allowed to Society, and the American Presbyvote, and it is likely that a more com- terian Board. In some cases radical plete religious liberty will be granted changes were made, but in others the along with the new constitution. The lack of funds stood in the way of dearth of candidates for the ministry drastic reforms. This formidable obhas been keenly felt, but a revival in stacle will, it is hoped, be largely rethe Union College at Weihsien, Shan- moved through the blessing of God tung, resulted in the decision of roo upon the Laymen's Missionary Movestudents to study for the ministry. ment.

Christian Endeavor and Sunday- In conclusion, we give the opinion school work have both made marked of an expert on "The Open Door in progress, especially the latter. Large China." It seems to be the almost numbers of heathen children have universal testimony that there is a been found for the first time eager to readiness to listen to preaching and attend Sunday-school, and a Sunday- especially to lectures on the part of school secretary is to be appointed. all classes of Chinese in former years unknown. It may truthfully be said Some new societies are entering that we now have access to the ear, China to engage in mission work. the eye, and to some extent to the Our sister society in West China, the mind of China-but not as yet to its Canadian Methodists, has made itself heart. When that is gained, great refamous by a yearly addition of 30 or sults will follow. For these, in the 40 recruits for the last two years. mean time, we work and pray.

The boards at home have fully THE MAN WHO OUGHT NOT TO GIVE TO FOREIGN MISSIONS WHO IS HE?

The man who believes that the unbeliev- Cain, asks, "Am I my brother's keeper?" ing men and wom<:n in the world are not lost and do not need a Savior. The man who believes he is not account- able to God for the money intrusted The man who believes that Jesus Christ to him, and that he will never be called had no right and no reason to com- to stand before the judgment seat of mand His disciples to "Go ye into all Christ. the world and preach the gospel to every creature." The man who wants 110 share in the final victory, and the reward to faithful The man who believes the gospel is not servants. the power of God, and that Christ can not save the heathen. The man who is prepared to accept the final sentence, "Inasmuch as ye did it The man who wishes that missionaries not to one of the least of these, ye di~ it had never come to ·our ancestors, and not to Me. . . . Depart from Me."

that we ourselves were still heathen, Snch a man is not asked to give to for- cannibals or worshipers of wood and eign missions. He needs missionaries stone. to be sent to him.

The man who believes it is "every man -The Missionary Herald. for himself" in this world-who, with

SELF-GOVERNMENT AND SELF-SUPPORT IN INDIA *

1. THE MISSIONARY'S POINT OF VIEW BY REV. L. B. ClIAMBERLAI:-!, M.A., MADANAPALLE In the Travancore Mission of the 2. Should self-government be granted London Missionary Society, self-sup- regardless of the amount of self-support? port is expected as a preliminary to the organization of a congregation 3. If self-government is to be granted into a "Pastorate with its own pastor during the attainment of self-support, on and independent self-government." what basis, or in what proportion, should it In the London Missionary Society be granted? field in the Madras Presidency and Mysore, there is a threefold classifica- The replies give the point of ~ew tion of churches. The first-class of the missions and of missionaries, churches contribute all expenses of the as to how far self-government in Inchurch, select their own pastor, and dian churches should be conditioned direct their own affairs. The next on self-support. The conclusion is: class contribute a half or more of all expenses, select their pastor from a. Complete self-support should preamong nominees of the mission, and cede complete self-government. direct their affairs advised by a representative of the mission. The third b. The measure of self-government class consists of those who give less should be in some proportion to the than a half of the expenses. These measure of self-support. are under the control of the mission, which appoints a catechist to the pas- c. Circumstances and conditions toral charge. (local to a church, a field, or a church council) should determine the propor- In the Jaffna American Congrega- tions. tional Mission "a reasonable amount This is a good, safe answer, in acof self-support is expected" before a church is organized. An organized cord with political government, and church selects its pastor. In the Ma- with common sense. . . . But a dura American Congregational Mis- question has risen in my mind. Should sion the practise is to organize with self-government be conditioned by, or practical self-support, and pastors are be dependent on, attaining self-supinstalled by the council on a call by port? Do not self-government and the church. self-support, in themselves, and in their objects differ so much that each The United Free Church Mission should be considered, sought and addiscourages organizing a church which vanced, for itself? is not at least half self-supporting, and requires entire self-support after a Self-support is essentially a question definite period. A church is free to of material condition. call its own pastor. A church in the Arcot Mission is organized only if the Self-government is essentially a congregation pays its own expenses, question of moral character. and a pastor is installed by the ecclesiastical court Ol)Jy if the larger por- One has to do with money; the tion of the salary is paid by the con- other with men. gregation. They differ in their objects also. 1 score of missionaries were in- Self-support looks to the increase vited to send comments on three ques- of local revenues, that the Indian tion;;: Church mav do the full work of a rounded cimrch; and self-support 1. Should self-support precede self-gov- looks to the release of foreign money ernment? for work elsewhere. Self-government looks to the development of character and devolution of responsibility, and to the release of foreign missionaries for work elsewhere. Which is the greater-self-support which has to .do with money, or self-government whIch has to do with men?

* The two following papers were read at the G,eneral Assembly of the SOl!th Il!dia United Church, Trivandram, December 20, 1909, and were printed III The Harvest F.eld (Ind,a). loebruary, 1910. Self-government, in the end, is the the one dependent on the other, as larger, more far-reaching subject. It primary, secondary. An individual, should, it seems to me, be sought and a church, a group of churches, may advanced for itself. Self-support be advanced rapidly in property, unshould be, and will be, a complement der special circumstances, as have been of, or contribution to, the attainment some through the Periyar project in of self-government. But it should not Madura, and Kodayar project in South determine the right, or measure, of Travancore, and yet be no more fitted self-government. If it does, the lesser for self-government than their less end will hamper and delay the greater. fortunate or prosperous neighbors. In iact, sudden wealth may, often In the past there has been and is, does, Unfit for self-government. in this matter, another case of mistaken emphasis. Self-support has Self-government should be developbeen rightly emphasized. But· self- ed also because of the benefit to be degovernment has been neglected. "This rived. I subscribe to the statement ought ye to have done and not left the that we Westerners have much to other undone." But reflection sug- learn from the East. The more rapidgests that neglect of the subject of ly we transfer the government of the self-government has been the outcome of circumstances and not the result of Church into the hands of the people, deli bera tion. the more rapidly will the church, and the whole cause of Christ, gain by new With reference to self-governing ideas, by the correction of our mischurches there has been a two-fold takes, by the adopting of what is good tendency: On the part of mission- from the West, and by the introducaries, there has been an honest doubt tion of what is indigenous and helpful and fear about the ability of the Indian in the East, making the Church more Christians-with their origin and past attractive to outsiders and helpful to -to govern the churches. Again, insiders. possession of authority sows in the best of us missionaries a desire to re- Think, for example, what the introtain it, and this would tend to keep duction – comparatively recent – of harvest festivals has done toward selfthe subject of self-government among support, and esprit de corps. Who the churches in the background. can tell what the panchayat system- so long neglected by the Church and On the part of the Indian Chris- now wisely being increasingly usedti,ms, the1 e has been the :fear of as- may do for it? The head-man system suming author;ty, both because of in- -common in family, village, or caste experience an(: youth, and because -may yet play a valuable part in they realized that authority involveJ Indian church government. responsibility. These and other causes combined to keep the subject of self- It may be asked, if self-support is government dormant so long, and to not the test for self-government, what force that of self-support to the fore. shall be? In reply, I ask whether this Thus it has come about, too, that, question does not reveal a chief, if when the subject of self-government unrealized, reason for linking selfhas come up, it has generally been support and self-government to- gether? Self-support furnishes an considered as attached to, dependent easy and somewhat tangible test, or on, conditioned by, that of self-sup- ground, for granting self-government, port. . . . and so it has become a criterion. StilI this does not make it the best, or right, It is readily admitted, and especially one. emphasized, that qualities of character which conduce to material progress But my real reply is that I believe also conduce to self-government and the highest relation of the mission and vice versa. I would not say the sub- the Indian Church is not that of partjects are wholly to be divorced. They ners in a business, each investing capare related, interdependent, but not

ital therein, and in which there is al- money for it. Foreign mIssIOnaries ways a senior partner who remains .at and foreign money should be under the the head until bought out by the control of those who supply them, or juniors, or removed by force or death. their representatives, in justice to the The true relation is that of a family- donors. not the Hindu joint-family system, but the Christian family system. And in justice to the Church in India, foreign money should not be The mission, as the parent, at first placed en bloc in its charge. Transfer should both support and govern the to the church, on the one hand, would infant. Support may be continued, put that church on a false and weakwholly or in part, while the youth is ening basis of dependence on this forobtaining education and developing eign help; and, on the other hand, character. But, self-government is a such large responsibility and authorpart of education, and necessary to ity would overload and crush that development of character. Therefore, church. it should be inculcated in, and transferred to, the youth, even while sup- Therefore, self-government in Inported by the parent. That is, self- dian churches should first and foreg-overnment may well be preliminary most be in that church itself, the ecto, an equipment for, a means of. self- clesiastical sphere, not the sphere of support. mission activity. Can not the govern- ment of the churches, the calling of A time comes when the youth should pastors, direction and guarding of leave the parental roof, strike out for, finances, discipline of members, and and support himself. He may, prob- maintenance of the good name of the ablv will, make serious mistakes. But, because of this possibility, he should Church be more rapidly and purposenot be kept in apron strings. Even ly placed in their hands? With a systho he fails, his parents should not re- tem of church committees, composed sume his support .and government. of selected, cautious leaders and mis- He must learn by his mistakes. sionary associates, all ecclesiastical matters may well be devolved on the I need not apply the parallel. The Indian churches in the near future. wise mission parent will be developing the young church in self-govern- II. But self-government involves ment long before it attains self-sup- more than the individual church. port. The amount of self-government There is a further and larger sphere will be in accordance with the progress of self-government which I am glad and age of the youth, who should not to see is being definitely put forward be left to clamor for it, or evade it, as a sphere for the Indian Church. It but be consistently urged to it, and properly belongs to a church, but formade to assume it. eign missions have first to enter and develop it. I mean the general con- The test for self-government, there- gregational, institutional, and evanfore, is development and character. A gelistic work carried on by missions. mission should be ashamed to have an undeveloped, dependent adult church The devolution of responsibility incapable of self-government, as a and authority from the foreign misparent is of an undeveloped grown sion to the Indian Church is coming son. It must urge its child-its Christian community-on to self-govern- none too soon, tho it may be pushed ment. too rapidly.

In dosing may I suggest two lines May we missionaries be wise enough of development: to transfer authority, and may our In- dian brethren be wise enough to ac- I. Generally speaking, authority cept responsibility. May we missionover any work properly lies with those aries be humble enough to abdicate, who supply the means, the men and and may our Indian brethren be hum- ble eno~gh to learn.

SELF-GOVERNMENT AND SELF-SUPPORT IN INDIA

2. THE INDIAN'S POINT OF VIEW BY THE REV. F. KINGSBURY, MADURA An Indian pastor of the South India United Church There are three classes of churches In plain words I tell you, do not dream and individuals among our Christians of any self-government so long as you in India and the East generally. receive financial help from churches in Europe and America. In saying this First, I am told that there are a few I am not at all ungrateful to the churches in Japan which are very churches in Christendom. All that I anxious to get all the financial help mean is, that it is unreasonable for us, they can from America and Europe, Indian Christians, to seek freedom but which resent foreign control al- from foreign control, if we be anxious together. If this be true, the attitude to get financial support from outside. is quite unreasonable. A man who depends on another can never be free; so also, a church which Secondly, I have in mind an entire depends u'pon another church or station of a missionary society in churches can never be free. Burma, whose churches are not only fully self-supporting, but bear the en- I have not forgotten that we Indian tire cost of that large station, inclu- Christians are poor, very poor. The ding ordinary schools, training institu- majority of our Christians have come tions and a seminary. In fact, except from the poorest classes and are still the salaries of the missionaries, all to be reckoned among the poorest of other expenses are met by the Karen the poor, yet I venture to say that our Christians of that station, and yet people, even as they are now, are these Christians do not dream of self- fully able to give at least three times government, and apparently the mis- as much as they give. sionaries there are also satisfied with the self-support of all the churches Many leaders believe that they can and institutions and are not over not give more. How can a pastor or anxious to tell the people anything catechist succeed in raising money if about self-governrnent. If this be he really believes that his congregatrue, again I am sure that every In- tion is too poor to give? As long as we believe they can not give more, dian Christian or foreign missionary they are not going to give more. will agree with me that this state is very undesirable. Again, our people do not give more because they have not been properly Thirdly, between these two is the instructed on this point. Many a pas- tor feels diffident to preach on giving golden mean, viz., that self-support lest his congregation think that the pastor is careful about his salary. and self-government should go to- But, fellow pastors, is it not our duty gether; and should not be divorced to teach our flocks the precious truth, the one from the other. viz., "It is more blest to give than to In England, every man believes in receive" ? the political doctrine, "no taxation without representation," and if I .am I say our people have not been not mistaken, the United States of properly instructed on this point. Just America overthrew the power of Eng- to illustrate my point, let me draw land because England failed to recog- your attention to this fact. What a nize this maxim with regard to the man gives his physician is called the doctor's fee. What he gives to his United States. lawyer is the lawyer's fee. What he My message is simply this. To my gives for the education of his chil- dren is the school fee. But when he fellow Indian Christians I say, Do gives anything to his pastor for his you want real self-government in your services it is "charity." Is not this churches? Then exert every nerve of yours to make your churches self-supporting. To you, my brothers, I say, "No representation without taxation."

the way we have taught our people? may be fairly asked, "Is a church fit Who is responsible for this miscon- to govern itself simply because it is ception? . . . able to support itself?" Suppose that it is not, how and when can it become I am ashamed when I see big so? If we should wait to govern ourchurches in India, some of them in selves till we are able to govern our- Jarge cities like Madras, seventy or selves, then, I fear, we shall never be seventy-five years old, whose pastors able to govern ourselves. Suppose are paid entirely by missionary so- that I had said to my son, "Willie, I cieties in Europe, while their own con- will not allow you to walk till you can gregations pay nothing toward their do so without falling," do you think pastor's salary. If you want self-gov- he would now be able to walk? ernment, see that our churches are entirely self-supporting. Indian Christians are not infallible. Our churches must commit some mis- May I say to my missionary breth- takes before they have learned some ren, when you see a church which is precious lessons. If it be not imperor which can be entirely self-support- tinent, may I ask, have you not also ing, do allow the pastor and the peo- both individually and as societies ple of that church to conduct their made some mistakes? May Christ own affairs? With your rich experience, you can counsel us. We Jesus our Lord help all churches in need you to guide us. Till now you India to become very soon self-suphave been onr fathers; now you can porting, self-governing and self-propbe onr brothers. But the question agating.

WOMEN AND THE REFORM MOVEMENT IN INDIA * BY REV. E. R. Me NElLE Among the complicated issues that cost before embarking on a revolumake up the National Movement, one tionary measure. But the gravity of of the weightiest is the desire for re- the situation calls rather for earnest form in the position of women, In- thought and prayerful planning than dians and Europeans, Christians and for over-cautious postponement. non-Christians, alike are unanimous in asserting that without a radical change Missionaries have undertaken to atin the life of the women, the regene- tempt the regeneration of India in a ration of India can never take place. way higher than the National Move- One can not open a non-Christian pa- ment has yet dreamed of, but we must per without being confronted with this watch our opportunity and offer our subject. Newspaper leaders, Con- priceless gift in a way that will incline gress resolutions, reports of committees, all repeat the same strain. Chris- her to accept it. We must find out tian ideas have taken root, India is at the special need of which India is last desirous of raising her women. conscious, and in her hour of need she must feel us at her side. I have The evils are various, but the most mentioned some of the needs and an pressing are in everyone's mouth- urgent attempt is being made in sevignorance, the women mtlst be edu- eral quarters to invite the united at- tention of missionary bodies to one cated; seclusion, the parda must be of the needs relating to women, of which she is becoming very keenly lifted; cruelty and oppression, infant conscious at the present time, viz., marriage must be abolished; actual to the need for the education of wovice and outrage, the dedication of men and girls. This has been an obtemple children must be put down by ject of concern to Christian missionlaw. It is always well to count the * From the Church Missionary Rl!fJiew.

AND THE REFORM MOVEMENT IN INDIA

aries from the very first, but the need and the new parda hostel opened in that we have been seeking to supply July is in response to this appeal. is not quite the same as the new need which is now arising, for a new class What is the nature of the demand? is seeking to have their women taught. The cry for efficiency has at last been It is the genius of Christianity to heard; and tho efficiency is not easily care for the masses, it is the genius of attainable, yet its trade-marks are be- India to care for the classes. But, after ing made a sine qua non. The new all, Christianity cares for both, and schools must be fully staffed with when the classes at last are beginning trained teachers, they must be to cry for our help it behooves us to equipped with modern apparatus, and hear their cry and respond to it. last, but not least, the head-mistress must be a trained graduate. This The expression of this desire is not may sound a counsel of perfection, but far to seek. About two years ago the it is one upon which, whether rightly Lieutenant-Governor of the United or wrongly, great stress is being laid. Provinces issued directions that every A committee which can boast such district officer should convene a spe- a school feels satisfied that it is macial committee in his district to watch king progress and has confidence in over the interests of female education approaching the fathers of prospective and to advise Government with regard to the same, and further that pupils. efforts should be made to open one It is said that the existing missionwell-staffed and well-equipped school for girls in every district town. In schools are doing all that is necessary. 1908 the orders were forwarded They are under missionary supervithrough the department and the com- sion, they are carefully taught, and mittees were called into being. The they take the children on as far as Lieutenant-Governor is acting on the they can go before they are sent to recommendations of a commission their husbands' homes and withwhose inquiries were prolonged and drawn into parda. Only too gladly far-reaching, and the response is ac- would they extend education to a tually forthcoming; the committees higher stage jf the children were alhave been formed and non-Christian lowed to stay. What more is needed? men have come forward readily to Not for a moment would I minimize the work that is being done by these serve on them. schools, but they exist almost solely But there are other indications. The as an evangelistic agency. Education is a profession, and the fact that Indians are taking the initiative them- amidst the unlettered thousands around us there is plenty of room for selves, are forming committees and unprofessional effort does not obviate opening schools. There are long-es- the other fact that there is at the prestablished and flourishing schools un- ent moment a call for professional der local committees in Lahore and effort also. If the community were Allahabad, and more recently similar applying for a medical mission we schools have been opened in Amritsar should not put them off by saying that and Benares. These schools are pure- our cupboards were stocked with ly secular. There are also some that homemade medicines which we would are distinctively denominational, a distribute according to our light. Sikh school near Amritsar, Arya schools in Firozpur, Hardwar and There is another consideration. It elsewhere, and Hindu schools are is a different class that is now deabout to be opened in Meerut and manding schools; it is the Anglo-edu- Mathura. In Lucknow a considerable cated men, the advance line of the number of Mussulman gentlemen have reformers, who want to have their repeatedly and urgently requested the women fitted to be their intellectual authorities of the Isabella Thoburn companions. And these men are ac- College to open a parda department, customed to graduate masters in their

own schools, they are aware of the for recruiting, a permanent connec- stress that is everywhere being laid tion, and an unparalleled opportunity upon training, and they will be at- for coordination and concentration. tracted only by qualifications which There is at the present day a considersuggest the real thing in education. able body of opinion in favor of oc- So whether we are alive or no to the casional women acting on the staff of importance of the professional aspect boys' schools, and such an arrangeof the work, we can at least unite ment would be a great help here. If to give to Young India what she wants the principal of the girls' school held if perchance we may succeed in giv- a more or less nominal appointment ing her also what she so sorely needs in the boys' school, teachmg there without wanting it. one or two periods a week, it would give her an opportunity to canvass The experiment has been tried by among the boys for their wives and the American Presbyterian Mission sisters, would help to make her known in Saharanpur and Fathpur, where all to their parents, and would tend genthe mission-schools of the ordinary erally to keep the two sides of the type have been closed and new, up-to- work in touch with one another. The date schools opened in their place. The girls' schools should be started with a missionaries themselves teach in these certain .amount of flourish of trumschools. every day with a staff of pets and with plenty of advertisement. country-born English, Eurasians and Why should we begin in a hole and Indians. They are attempting to give corner, and our numbers creep up by as good an education to the non-Chris- tens, when there is realIy a crowd, tian girls as we are in the habit of tho a timorous one, wanting to come giving to Christians in our boarding- who might be encouraged if they could schools. The result, in these two in- be invited all together? The school stances, is abundantly satisfactory. should have the whole time, or at least Yet why only two instances in the the greater part of the time, of a fullywhole of these provinces, and they qualified educationist, as do our boys' not in our own church? high-schools and boarding-schools, and the rest of the staff should be in Our policy might be to make a care- no way inferior to those of the above ful and thorough examination of the schools. It might be a good thing to supply and demand in the province, introduce one or two Christian girls and to see to it that in every large into the upper classes as an objectcenter still unoccupied some such cen- lesson and in order that they may entral school for girls be opened. It is courage others to go beyond the priessential that there should be no over- tHary stages. lapping of societies. If any city should be alIocated for this purpose to any The schools should start from the one society, other societies that might lowest class, .and should on no account be working there would naturally re- leave the preparatory work to the frain from extension. The large cities branch schools, for, however contraare many, and the schools will, alas! dictory our practise may be, it is an be only too few. educational axiom that the youngest children and the least-developed minds A further policy I would suggest. need the 1110St skilful teaching, and . The divorce of men's and women's while the teachers in high-schools need work leads to much, very much leak- more learning, the teachers in eleage of force and often to heartrend- mentary schools need more training. ing separations in the families of con- This is a point which is often forgotverts. Let us be warned in time in ten when we put raw converts and any new undertaking. We might try ignorant olel women to teach our prito open girls' schools as twins to our mary schools, the only justification for existing boys' high schools. This which practise is found in the claim would give us a nucleus to start with among the sisters of the boys, an area

AND THE REFORII MOVEMENT IN INDIA

of the schools to be evangelistic, not leavened by 01ristian influence and educational agencies. Christian teaching, no longer a drag upon the groping of the ~tion after The crisis has come, and unless we Christ, teaching Christianity to their seize the opportunity, it will pass from children of both sexes while they still us. The demand has arisen, and un- have them in the zenana at the most less we supply it, Hindu committees impressionable age, and finally, having or the government will do so, and al- brought their power and influence to ready our chance is being lost in city the feet of Christ, becoming leaders after city, where to start a second for Him among their fellow countryschool would only be to court unneces- men. sary difficulties, if not to waste our strength on attempting the impossible. Let us be God-enlightened strate- And what a chance it is! We .are gists, not only faithful soldiers. Let daily being reminded of the disastrous lIS keep our forces mobile and be ready results of secular education among the to move them with the speed and men; are we going to stand by and see precision of a competent general the disaster repeated among the wo- wherever there is opportunity for admen? We are daily reminded that vance. Let us even, if need be, close it is the conservatism of the zenana some of the existing work for a time, that prevents many a man from con- in order to concentrate where the fessing the faith which he secretly need is greatest. What should we holds; are we going to stand by and say of a general who placed out his see that conservatism broken down to forces once for all at the beginning of be replaced only by the yet more hard- a campaign and declined to move ening influences of modern material- them, who refused to abandon a single ism? Missionaries have always position even to advance to a better, hitherto been in the van of educational who thought since his first disposition progress; are we going to hear the was good there was no need to change voice of Young India calling for help it? All honor to the pioneers who and turn a deaf ear? Think what it have gone before us, but they would may mean twenty years hence-a be the first to adapt their methods to body of edncated women cut adrift the new conditions of Young India. from their old faiths, owning no moral The times are moving, let us move restraints, no longer a drag on the with them, or rather move before atheistical tendencies of the men, fan- them. If we Christians neglect our ning sedition, increasing unrest, and opportunity, others will 110t hesitate only too probably turning their newly- to seize it. Let us recleem the time, acquired liberty into something sadly and steadily aim, at least as far as akin to license; or, on the other hand, women are· concerned, at the capture the same body of educated women of the Xational Movement for Christ.

Christian people arc Christ's instruments for effecting the realization of the jJurposes of H is life and death. Neither the divine decree. nor the expansive power of the truth, nor the crowned expectancy of the waiting Lord, nor the mighty working of the Holy Spirit, are the complete means for the accomplishment of the divine promise, that all nations shall be blest in Him. God reveals His truth, that men who believe it may impart it. God gives the vVord, that, caught up by those who re.ceive it into an honest and good heart, it may be poured forth in mighty chorus from the lips of the "great company of them that publish it." Christians, learn your high vocation and your solemn responsibilities. For what did you receive the Word of God? For the same reason for which you have receiyed everything else which you possess-that you might share it with your brethren. How did you receive it? A gift, unmerited, that you might feel bound to spread the free divine gift by cheerful human work of distribution. From whom did you receive it? From Christ, who in the very act of giving binds you to live for Him anel not for yonrselves, and to mold your lives after the pattern of His,-ALEx,NDER MACLAREN, D.D., of Manchester, England.

EDITORIALS

THE CHRISTIAN MOTTO curse him." No monopoly is so in- excusable and monstrous as that of the Francis of Assisi's followers loved Bread of Life. to characterize themselves as "Nas qui cum 00 fuimus"-we who have There is nothing either impossible been with him -a noble motto for the or impracticable in the immediate disciples of Christ, only we may add, evangelization of the world. We need: "et qui cum eo erimus"-and who with Him shall be (John 17:24). 1. To accept the principle of Evan- gelism-that every believer is a herald, THE WORLD'S MISSIONARY CON- responsible for his proportion of the unsaved world; bound to do directly FERENCE his share of bearing the good tidings. The curse of the Church is the de- Our readers will be interested to pendence on proxies. note the wide range of topics to occupy the coming conference described 2. We need a spirit of Enterprise. in an article on another page. Men of the world, simply to serve worldly interests, have made it possible 1. Carrying the Gospel to the whole to go round the world in three months; world. to reach by the mails the remotest quarters inside of six weeks, and by 2. The native church and its workers. telegram all great centers inside of an 3. Education and its bearings on evan- hour. What might not a little entergelization. prize do for God! 4. The missionary message and its relation to non-Christian religions. 3. We need a holy Earnestness, an 5. The preparation of missionaries. enthusiasm for God. This is the in- 6. The home base of missions. spiring soul of all Christian effort. It 7. Missions and civil governments. makes one man chase a thousand, etc. ; 8. Cooperation and the foundation of it makes him a hammer to break the unity. hardest; a fire to burn and melt away; a sword to pierce. These subjects are entrusted to different commissions, which have been 4. We need the divine Enduement. at work preparing, and are now pub- The power that converts can not be lishing, their reports, which are to be described any more than the frasupplied in advance to everyone of the grance or tinting of a rose; but it may 1,200 delegates, so that no needless be felt. Faith and prayer are the conwaste of time will be risked through ditions of this enduement. The means lack of information. The methods are will always be inadequate. Our saladmirable, and now a baptism of vation lies in being in straits. The prayer is the one preeminent need. If work can not be done on a mathesuch a conference can be guided by the matical basis. We must attempt great presiding Spirit of God there is no lan- things for God, while expecting great guage to indicate the possible outcome things from God; and then the Victory of blessing. will come.

EVANGELISTIC WORK ABROAD GENERAL BOOTH'S MESSAGE This matter is primarily one of sim- The founder of the Salvation Army ple obedience to our Lord's last com- celebrated on Sunday, April la, his mand. Here are our marching orders: eighty-first birthday, and sent on the No true soldier hesitates, parleys, or day previous a birthday message to the even delays to ask a question. Daily Telegraph in London: Secondly, it is a matter of love to "Sixty-five years ago I decided that man, as well as loyalty to Christ. my object in life should be to please Every motive of humanity and piety my heavenly Father, help the sinning unite to constrain us to give the gospel and suffering people around me, and at once to the world. Huber, the blind insure for myself an entrance into the naturalist, observed that a wasp will kingdom of heaven at my journey's not stop to eat a precious morsel by end. Year after year, as I have passed himself. He goes to the nest and leads others forth to the feast. "He that withholdeth corn, the people shall

I91O

mile-stone after mile-stone, I have re- chy; and what a melancholy proof of viewed my progress, and inquired of the fact that human depravity works myself anxiously, and I hope honestly, it; subtlety and secrecy, and behind pahow far I have kept the path I have CIfic and even philanthropic disguises! chosen, and what progress I have made in the attainment of my end. A SIGNAL TOKEN OF PROGRESS "Some of these years have been Mr. J. Campbell White boldly afmarked by anxiety, difficulty, and distress; but, notwithstanding these im- firms that "the most important thing pediments to my progress, when to- in American history this year is the morrow I pass the eighty-first mile- changing conviction of the nation constone, I hope to be able to say, as cerning its religious obligations to doubtless many around me will say, mankind." This is a weighty remark that I have been faithful to my pur- from a man who, more perhaps than pose, that in a large measure my ob- any other, stands at the heart of the ject has been attained, and that I have modern Laymen's Movement, which a good prospect of ultimately reach- culminates in the National Missionary Congress in Chicago, May 3-6. Mr. ing my goal. White further says: "For the realities of the past, and "In this process the very character the possibilities of the future, I have of American Christianity is being first to express my gratitude to the radically changed. When a man or a brave, self-sacrificing body of com- nation becomes conscious of worldrades who have gathered to the relationships and responsibilities, a standard I have raised, and then, new life has begun. From Maine to above all, and beyond all, to acknowl- California, at seventY-five main conedge my obligation to my heavenly ventions and thousands of related sec- King, without whose blessing nothing ondary meetings, American Christian is wise, or good, or strong." men of all churches have been rising up to indorse a comprehensive and PRESENT.DAY SLAVE.TRADE adequate plan for making Christ known to the whole world in our gen- Traffic in human beings has not yet eration. The men of every State in been stamped out, as will be seen by the Union have exprest themselves on reading Mr. Travers Buxton's article. this issue with a unanimity and depth A Copenhagen correspondent also calls of conviction that could never be called attention to the fact that the Africo- forth .apart from a tremendous cause, Arabian slave-traffic is still secretly and the mighty working of the Spirit carried on. The Arabian traders wait of God. There has not been a note in a desert district till the English of failure in the entire National Miscruiser has passed by; and sometimes sionary campaign. With scarcely a settle down even for a couple of years, single exception, the seventy-five main trading peaceably with the natives in conventions have brought together the the interior; and, when they have largest and strongest assemblies of enough stock, start an insurrection Christian men ever gathered for any until there are only so many survivors purpose in these cities. The addition as are necessary to carry the ebony to of some millions of dollars annually the coast. However this last course to the missionary treasuries of the of action stirs indignation, the political churches will not be the only or chief unrest and confusion, and division and result. This is but one evidence of al- enmity, sown among the tribes is even tered life-purposes on the part of mul- worse and more permanent. They de- titudes of men." liberately sow these seeds of hostility to keep the chiefs from combining Speaking of the congress to be held against the common enemy. What a at Chicago, Mr. White says: "With field for peace-makers to work in, to only another month intervening until stem the tide of lawlessness and anar- the National Missionary Congress

meets in Chicago, it is most important of the unscripturalness of many of that a great volume of prayer be the doctrines I had taught. I was poured out continuously for over- sent to Ireland and Italy by the Roman whelming blessing upon that gather- hierarchy and requested to confine my ing. Without doubt it will be the work to teaching, but was refused permost representative and potential con- mission to preach even to the poor. vention ever assembled on this conti- Rome has now excommunicated me, nent. The forty-five hundred avail- but I question its power over my conable seats in the auditorium have been science and work. allotted to the evangelical churches of the United States in proportion to "It is my desire to preach the Gospel their membership and missionary con- of Christ, and I am convinced more tributions, thus guaranteeing a pro- than ever that the greatest need of portionate representation from every the world is the preaching of the pure church and from every part of the na- and simple and entire Gospel of tion. It will be the privilege of a life- Christ." time to be a member of this congress." He also spoke at the recent decen- DOCTOR BARTOLI'S TESTIMONY nial of the N. Y. Bible Training School, and said that he regarded the The Rev. Giorgio Bartoli, now in modern depreciation of the authority America, is a converted ex-Jesuit, one ane! inspiration of the Wore! of God of the most learned priests in Europe. as the greatest evil of our day; and he Educated in Rome, he studied in eloquently and emphatically added France, Spain, England and Austria, that the time was at hand when the speaks seven languages, and for years great issue is to be whether preachers has been a teacher of languages, and teachers do, or do not stand by science, and history in the Jesuit col- the Bible-that here is to be found leges in Turkey, India, Egypt, Ireland the great line of division and test of and Rome. The following was his attitude as ministers of Christ. testimony at the New York Deaconess Home and Training School on Feb- A NEW MISSIONARY MOVEMENT ruary II: AMONG GERMAN STUDENTS "I was converted when a child and until a few years ago believed abso- In German universities, unhappily, lutely that the Roman Catholic Church opposition to the Students' Federation :was the only true Church, and the for Missions (equivalent to Student Pope of Rome the vicar of Christ on Volunteer llovement) has develofed, earth. While in Bombay, in 1895, I and has resulted in the founding of was asked by the Jesuits to answer "Academic Missionary Societies" in the article of an Anglican bishop dis- the universities of Berlin, Breslau, puting the claims of the Roman Gottingen, Greifswald, Halle, Konigs- Church. I responded, using as my berg, Leipsic, Marburg, and Tiibinearly authority the works of Cyprian, gen. The new organization does not only to find out these were a forgery hesitate to announce that it is opposed and that he had not recognized the to the pietistic (HMethodistisch") supremacy of the Bishop of Rome. character and tendency of the Federa- tion. Its purposes will be general, and "Realizing that I had been deceived have as its aim the study of missions in one historical teaching, as time per- and the cultivation of interest in them. mitted I studied for ten years more while the Students' Federation asks its carefully the Bible and the history of members to declare themselves ready the early fathers, and without reading for missionary service, if the Lord a Protestant book became convinced opens the way'. AFRICA en and girls, both Moslem and Roman Catholic, and among whom there are Converts from Islam a number converted to Christ. A French-speaking church, organized by The C. M. S. Gazette for March re- Bishop Burt in 1908, has already a counts a gratifying increase in the membership of 20. Another hall, with number of converts from Islam in the adjacent apartments, is for work English Church mission at Cairo. The among the Moslem Kabyles. Two Rev. Canon MacInnes wrote on New- hundred and fifty miles east of Alyear's eve: "There has fallen to Mr. g'iers is the historic city of Constan- Gairdner and myself a greater number tine, with its 60,000 people, where than ever before of classes for Moslem work among the French and Arabs inquirers, of whom we have been priv- has good beginnings; while 250 miles ileged to baptize 8 grown men, in ad- still farther east is the great city of dition to 3 young women, in connec- Tunis, with 200,000 inhabitants, where tion with the hospital at Old Cairo. the work is established. The first We are anxious not to lay undue stress movement from these centers will be on mere numbers, and it should be among the Kabyles in Kabylia, a land borne in mind that four of these con- rich in natural resources and populaverts have been in touch with us for tion. two years or more-one had been at heart a Christian for considerably Africa's Latest Explorer longer; but at the same time it is highly encouraging to think that 11 A few years ago Dr. Karl Kumm adult Moslems have been admitted made a tour of the western Sudan into the Church of Christ after long with a view of stirring up interest in and careful preparation, and that this the evangelization of the people in is nearly twice as many as we have that territory. Following his visit, a ever before received during the course South African branch of the Sudan of a single year." United Mission was formed, and al- ready at least five missionaries from New Methodist Mission in Africa South Africa are at work in northern Nigeria. Much interest is being taken Dishop Hartzell gives an account of in a journey Dr. Kumm has been mathe organization of the new American king across Africa from west to east Methodist Mission in Algiers, April through northern Nigeria,. the French 1st to 5th. During one session a party Kongo territory and the Anglo-Egypof 33 Palestine tourists was present. tian Sudan. This journey is being The 19 workers in the mission come made, primarily, in the interest of the from three continents: 3 are Ameri- United Sudan Mission, and it is becans, 7 English, 3 Irish, 2 Scotch, and lieved will open the way for the ex- 2 German. One member is an Arab tension of the work in the regions and the other a Kabyle-both converts which he is exploring. The country from Mohammedanism. As a whole traversed by Dr. Kumm has been very these workers have had a large, varied imperfectly explored, and it is expected and successful service as foreign mis- that he will be able to make considersionaries. Seven speak Arabic; 18 able addition to the geographical speak English, I Esperanto, IS French, knowledge of this comparatively un- 4 German, 2 Gujarati, 4 Kabyle and I known section of Africa. Dr. Kumm Malay. Seven additional languages is German by birth. He received his are read: Greek by 3; Hebrew, 3; degree from one of the German uni- Hindustani, 2; Italian, 4; Marathi, 2; versities for a treatise on Nubia, and and Spanish I. One is a master of has studied geography under some of the Coptic and has distinguished him- Germany's most distinguished proself in deciphering and publishing an- fessors. This is a modern instance of cient Coptic hieroglyphic manuscripts. the value of missionary exploration in opening unknown regions and thus In Algiers, a city of 175,000 people, the Methoclists have 250, chiefly WOfficontributing to the store of geograph- Rev. W. L. Ferguson, D.D., of Mad- ical knowledge, and opening the way ras, South India. They have gone of Christianity, commerce and civiliza- under the personal conduct of Rev. tion.-Missionary Herald. Joseph Clark, of the Kongo Mission.

An Awakening in West Africa The party sailed from Antwerp May 5th, arriving at Matadi, May 26th. The encouraging report comes to They will visit the several stations of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign the mission, not excepting the two Missions that a great awakening IS posts on the Upper Kongo, and will stirring the Bulu churches in West also meet with the missionaries in con- Africa. When Secretary Halsey was ference. at Efulen four years ago, the largest audience which greeted him did not From the Kongo the commissioners number over 800 people. Last year will take ship for British Nigeria in the church at Efulen was enlarged, and the Sudan, landing at Lagos, whence the first service held in the remodeled they will proceed beyond the Niger church last September, brought to- river into northern Nigeria. Here gether an audience of 1,707. At Elat they will ascertain under what condiat the first communion service in July, tions mission work can be carried on, 3,500 persons were present. While and of what nature the opening is. these audiences were exceptionally The commission can not complete its large, yet the average attendance has work in less than five months. far exceeded that of any previous year, and the work in Bulu land is reported Chinese Coolies Sent Home as little short of Pentecostal. Five years ago 50,000 Chinese were Four years ago village schools were laborers in the Transvaal mines and established in and around Elat from licenses had been granted for the enten to ninety miles. There are now try of 16,000 more, most of whom had 25 such schools under the care of pu- already arrived. The Liberal party pils who have been trained in the then took possession of the British station schools. On Sundays evange- Government and began the policy of listic services are held at strategic sending the Chinamen home again as points near, and in six weeks boys fast as their contracts expired. The who a few years ago came from the last of them have now left the Transjungle, little more than animals, told vaal. During the last six years the the "Old, Old Story" to 25,312 per- native Kaffir laborers have increased sons, most of whom had never before from 70,608 to 156,065, and the whites heard of Jesus Christ. The number employed in the mines have gained in the inquirer's class at the single sta- from 12,414 to 2I,305. Thus an extion of Elat is 700. Why should not periment to which there was great and West Africa receive 50,000 new con- warranted opposition has failed, to the verts this year? The greatest difficulty gain of South Africa. is with the Church at home, an,d the insufficient supply of workers. A Mission Comes to Self-support A Baptist Commiuion to Africa Seventy-five years ago the American Board Mission to the Zulus was The Executive Committee of the founded, and has recently come to Baptist Foreign Mission Society ap- self-support, with 24 organized pointed a commission of three to visit churches, 60 out-stations and 200 the mission on the Kongo, and to in- other pleaching-places. There are IO vestigate conditions in the British Su- ordained Zulu ministers and 5,555 dan relative to opening mission work communicants; 60 primary-schools, there. The members are: Rev. J. H. with 4,000 pupils, and 3 training- Franklin, of Colorado Springs; Rev. schools. Not many years ago the Johnston Myers, D.D., of Chicago, and Zulus were considered by many as a people that could not be brought under the influence of missionary effort, heathen Togos during 1909 a larger but, to the contrary, we see among harvest of souls than ever before. The these people at the southern extremity number of heathen who acknowledged of the Dark Continent a self-support- their faith in the Lord Jesus Christ by ing Zulu Christian Church. public baptism was 826. The number of out-stations increased from 125 to Cape-to-Cairo Railroad Pushing On 146. The schools were attended by 5,637 pupils, an increase of 475, and According to a telegram received in the native Christians increased to London, locomotives are now running 7,634, so that 903 were added in 1909. on the Cape-to-Cairo Railroad to a The income of the society was larger point 40 miles beyond the Kongo fron- than ever before; but, alas, still insuffitier; i.e., 2,187 miles from Cape Town. cient to ward off a deficit. In a communication issued by Reuter's Agency, it is further stated that A Malagasy BiMe Society earthworks are completed for 60 miles further northward, and that by the In the great island of Madagascar end of April it is expected that the Bible distribution has been carried on rail head will be 100 miles within the for many years by means of two com- Kongo territory. From the Star of mittees, the northern and the souththe Kongo, or Elizabethville, the next ern, which include representatives of section of the railway will be to Kam- every Protestant mission at work in bove, an important center I IO miles Madagascar. The northern commitdistant to the northward. Beyond tee, which meets at Antaml.narivo, Kambove it has been decided that the sells and circulates the Scriptures in rails will next go to Bukana-a section the Imerina province, while the southof about 100 miles-situated on the ern committee, meeting at Fi<'marantnavigable headwaters of the Kongo. soa, the chief town of the Betsileo When Bukana is reached there will be province, has charge of Bible work in connection by river at~d road with the South Madagascar. In addition and Atlantic at the mouth of the Kongo. supplementary to these there exists Through trains are now running twice also in the north an auxiliary societyweekly between Cape Town and the a purely native organization-which Victoria Falls and between Victoria has generally a missionary as its treas- Falls and Broken Hill. urer and sometimes also for its chair- man. At the capital and in the cen- Revival at Livingstonia tral province, the Bible Society's prices are IS. for a Bible and 4d. for Several months ago special meetings a New Testament. This Malagasy were held lasting several days, with a auxiliary purchases a certain number large attendance, and numerous con- of Bibles and Testaments from the versions. The communion was held Northern Bible Committee, and then later, on Sunday morning, so as to sells these books at half-price outside avoid, as far as possible, the great heat Imerina. It also distributes copies of of this season of the year. There were the Scriptures among orphans, lepers, 1,300 members present. The church and the destitute. was more than comfortably full, and the elders had difficulty in making Evangelizing Tour in Madagascar their way among the people with the elements; yet only about two-thirds of Toward the end of 1907 two French the members were present-there Protestant missionaries, Messrs. Rusilbeing now considerably over 2,000 on Ion and Chaze1, of the Paris Mission, the roll. made an evangelistic tour among cer- tain heathen tribes in Madagascar. Good News from Togoland Among the Sakalava they found seven primitive Christian congrega- The North German Missionary So- tions. No missionary, or native Chrisciety reports that the Lord granted tian from Imerina had founded these; unto its faithful laborers among the

but a man of their own Sakalava tribe tifnl church to hold about 150 has been had obtained a Bible and read it, and built by the people's work and offerhad then taught its truths to his fel- ings unknown to the missionaries. lows. These cong-regations were The school has alreadv 80 scholars and meeting to search the Scripture for the Sunday congregations number 200. themselves and to encourage one another to carry out its precepts. Thus the whole country is ripe for the gospel, and ;Iashonaland seems to A Call From Mashonaland be on the way of becoming a second Uganda. The missionaries of the S. P. G. in 11 ashonaland are eagerly asking for AMERICA more workers among the natives of Manicaland. That district is declared A Great Indianapolis Convention to be ripe for the gospel in an extraordinary manner. Three years ago In the series of 76 conventions in the the first out-station was founded in the national campaign of the Laymen's district; the next year another was Missionary Movement, that at Indianadded, and last year four were opened, apolis scored some record-breaking while at least four places more are features. calling for the starting of the work. Three of these out-stations are large 1. "At the men's dinner 2,304 particienough to be made into central sta- pated, 2,lI6 at Tomlinson Hall, and tions at once and practically a whole 188 at the Young Men's Christian Astribe, the Manyika, is moving toward sociation. One hundred other ticket- God. The schools are crowded. The holders were unable to obtain admisservices of the Lord's day are attended sIOn. by multitudes, many walking miles to be present. In one of the stations, at 2. A single church, the Tabernacle Matiza's, where a catechist is at work, Presbyterian, provided the largest an amazing church has been erected. delegation, 135 men, who marched to It is a mud building over 90 feet long the hall to the tune of the pipes blown and nearly 25 feet high. The center- by a Highlander in fnll costume. One poles were cut ten miles away, and little German Baptist Church, with a each took ten men to carry. There is total male membership of 20, sent 15 hardly a nail in the building, and all is to the convention. held together by "tambo," or strips of bark. It was built by an insignifi- 3. The ministers' meeting assembled cant-looking man, but practically the whole population worked with him 205 men to meet Mr. J. Campbel! voluntarily and energetically. The chancel is almost cathedral-like in its Vhite in conference. extent. Large crowds, up to 500, 4. The simultaneous meetings were gather together twice daily for prayers, and the huge congregations of the held, comprizing-an all-clay session Lord's day are astonishing. The num- of the Women's Missionary Social ber of catechumens is great. Union with an attendance of 1,000 in the morning, 800 at lunch and 1,200 in In Banda, five hours' walk from the afternoon. There was a boy's Matiza's, about ISO are in the day- meeting of 500, following which a school, while 400 attend the regular hero's club of 127 boys was formed services. A cruciform church is in for the stucly of the lives of great miscourse of erection. It will be of bricks sionaries-and the five college and burnt by the natives trained in the mis- university meetings through which the sionary schools at St. Augustine's. At Laymen issued their challenge to over Zambi's Kraal, where a native worker 750 students. settled not many 1110nths ago, a beau- 5. There were 14 denominational conferences, in which the total share assumed by the city was settled upon the various sections of the churches there represent.ed.

The entire registration numbered 2.875, second only to the greater New York Convention, at which 3,350 dele-

GENERAL MISSIONARY

gates were registered. Of the dele- the next five 111onths. Let the twosgates 855 were from the State outside and-twos go at once, and let them be of Indianapolis. led and followed by a great tide of prayer." The program was especially strong -Ex-Vice President Fairbanks, who California Laymen Awake has just completed a world tour in which he investigated missionary con- The Pacific Advocate gives this ditions in many lands; Governor breezy account of a laymen's conven- tion held at Los Angeles: Thomas R. Marshall, J. Campbell "They came from all over the con- White, George Sherwood Eddy, and tributing territory. Lots of busy men Bishop McDowell, of Chicago, were among them, too. Preliminary among the best-known speakers, while 'boosting' meetings had been held by 27 others, missionary secretaries, for- the local committees at some points eign missionaries and prominent busi- and results justified the extra effort. ness and public men participated in No words can describe the opening one of the strongest programs of the dinner on Tuesday night, March 8. entire series. To say that over 1,600 men sat down to dinner would be cold facts. To add The attendance at the day sessions that over roo didn't get in because they was remarkable for size and enthu- did not have tickets would make you siasm. The new objective for the I ro ask why tickets were not sold to them. The only way to understand it was churches representing the IS denomi- to be there, to see the two three-car electric trains bring in over 400 Pasanations of the city was set at $75,000, dena men, 'not an ostrich feather in . or 3 times the amount given last year. the bunch,' as one man explained it to It was a fitting climax to the cam- a wondering female when they alightpaign, and has brought a revival of ed. Then if you had stood on the real religion to the life of the city and sidewalk or street in front of the great- State.-H. F. LAFLAMINE. est department store in southern Cal- ifornia, with a thousand men, while The Women Also Astir seven elevators were heroically trying to decrease the crowd by carrying As might be expected, as might also them to the fourth floor; if you had have been taken for granted, the wo- seen the crowd sway and joke and then men of our churches are watching the swing into 'Onward Christian Sol- Laymen's Movement with eager eyes, diers,' 'The King's Business,' 'Blest Be and are stirred to greater missionary the Tie That Bin<:lS," and end up with zeal. The women of the Methodist 'Hold the Fort,' which finally broke Church, already among the foremost in down when they saw the reenforcethe American churches, are taking the ments now arriving with a policeman lead in calling for an advance. They keeping time to the music, if you had say: "If the brethren feel thus the seen this you would have some of the urgency of the situation, shall not our fire of it all. The 1,600 men were women be swift to recognize it? If finally seated. It took wagon-loads of the needs of the work for women and food and tons of dishes, but the service girls in foreign lands rest thus heavily was excellent, yet there was not room on men's hearts, shall not Christian for the 'one more' and certainly not women respond instantly to the need? for the hundred men who were ticket- If this is the situation, then what shall less. In the three hours was packed a we do? With joy we send the bugle- thousand years of throb for many a call to all the Woman's Foreign Mis- life there." sionary Society women of America to begin an active, systematic, patient, The convention voted that the two-and-two canvass of the women of churches represented ought to raise Methodism to win their cooperation. their missionary contributions from By using the machinery of our society, the canvass may be organized in every conference district and local church in

$150,000 to $25°,000; but when later 000, of whom over one-fifth were each denomination met by itself to take children. The meetings were in sixty action in the matter, it was found that centers, including tents, shops, halls and the amount pledged amounted to open air, and in seven languages, Eng- lish, Italian, Finnish-Swedish, Bo- $282,000. hemian-Slavok, Spanish, Polish, Hun- garian. Meetings were held also for Summer Schools for Mission Study colored folk. Certainly this is a good showing, and we can say from per- The Women's Central Committee sonal observation that to these crowds on the United Study of Missions, an- the gospel was faithfully preached and nounce the summer schools for which with most encouraging results. they provide lecturers for the coming season: A Sunday-school Mission Superintendent Winona, Ind …. ' . . ……… June 24-27 The International Sunday-school Association has added a new man to Boulder, Col.. . ……. July 5-12 its working force by appointing Rev. William A. Brown as superintendent Los Angeles, Cal. …….. ' ……. July 4- 12 of missions. There was already a strong missionary committee. Mr. Mt. Hermon, Cal. …………… July 12-17 Brown began his ministry as a home missionary in Missouri. Next he went Northfield, Mass ……………. July 21 -28 to the Philippine Islands, where he served first as pastor of the English- Chautauqua, N. Y… . … July 30-Aug. 6 speaking church in Manila, and after- ward as missionary to the Pampam- Mrs. W. A. Montgomery will lec- gallS. III health compelled him to ture at all of these schools with the return to this country, and he minisexception of Boulder, Col., where Mrs. tered in the Methodist pastorate until Mildred Berry, of Chicago, will lec- 1907, when he became Western field ture. The text-book, "Western W om- secretary of the Young People's Misen in Eastern Lands," is one of great sionary Movement. interest to all women's societies. This book is by Mrs. Montgomery, and Medical Missionary Conference at Battle gives the first adequate history of the Women's Foreign Missionary Move- Creek ment in America. It is especially timely at this fiftieth anniversary of The Second Medical Missionary the organization of the first Woman's Conference (Interdenominational) was Board of Missions, the "Women's held at the Battle Creek, Mich., Union Missionary Society." Sanitorium, on February 15th, 16th and 17th. It is reported to have been The Junior Book, also by Mrs. a decided success. More than one hun- Montgomery, is "The Finding Out dred missionaries were in attendance, Club," and follows the line of the sen- most of whom were medical missionior text-book. Sunday-school teachers aries. They represented fifteen deand junior leaders will find this a capi- nominations and nearly every country on the globe. Rev. Robert H. Nassau, tal helper. M.D., D.D., of Philadelphia, who has The tenth year of United Study of spent fifty years in western Africa, presided over the meetings, being as- Missions for Women is celebrated by sisted by Bishop J. M. Thoburn, the the appearance of the Anniversary Li- hero of Methodist missions in India. brary Edition of the ten books issued The program was rich in instruction by the Society, in uniform binding, and general missionary interest. Unity of spirit and brotherly love prevailed blue and gold. The price is $7.50 for throughout the sessions, and steps ten volumes in a case. Nearly 600,000 of these books have been sold.

Evangelism in New York City In the Fifth Annual Report the Evangelistic Committee of the city states that nearly 2,000 meetings were held between the middle of June and the middle of September, last year, with a total attendance of nearly 300,-

were taken to provide for the perma- on this groot work. It employs misnency of these conferences as an an- sionaries at Ellis Island to supply the nual fixture. The next conference will immigrants, so that each may have the be held early in January, 1911. Book in his mother tongue. A mis- sionary is also employed to work Great Gathering of Indian Chiefs among the sailors of the harbor, visit- ing over 300 vessels every month. In It is proposed to hold, at Muskogee, the city Bibles 2.re placed in hotels, Oklahoma, in late June, a national hospitals and p6sons. Missionaries Indian convention to which all the and pastors of every creed <In: supplied chiefs of every tribe in North Amer- with the Scriptures for house-to-house ica are invited, as well as thc President visitation. and Colonels Roosevelt and Cody, with other notabilities and scouts. Our Polyglot Lutherans Muskogee is the capital of the Creek nation in the former Indian Territory. Of Lutherans in the United States, If the convention is a success, it will 900,000 use the German language, tend to make the Indian more a citizen 600,000 the English, 300,000 the Norin the big republic in feeling as the wegian, 150,000 the Swedish, 22,000 organization takes its place alongside the Danish, 13,000 the Finnish, 5,000 of the other societies of race origin the Icelandic, with a hundred thouwhich are so common among us. And sand scattering, making a total of more ultimately we may have patriotic so- than a dozen different tongues. Says cieties founded on descent from Indian an exchange: "With the exception of warriors among the women. the Roman Catholic, the Lutheran is the most polyglot Church in this coun- Hilarious Giving a Reality try. This complicates its problems; multiplies its difficulties and wonder- "I am having more fun than any fully enlarges its possibilities. We other millionaire alive," said Dr. do not need a magnifying-glass to see Daniel K. Pearsons last week. "Let its prospects." other rich men go in for automobiles and steam yachts. I have discovered, Memorials to Misaionary Martyrs after endowing forty-seven colleges in twenty-four States, that giving is the Memorial tablets have recently been most exquisite of all mundane delights. unveiled to men who died last year in On my ninetieth birthday, April 14, Adana, Asia Minor, and in Persia. A next, I am going to have a squaring up Tiffany bronze tablet to Rev. Daniel with all the small colleges I have Miner Rogers, who was killed in the promised money, and I serve notice Adana massacre April 15, 1909, was now that beginning then I am going erected in the South Congregational on a new rampage of giving. I intend Church of New Britain, Conn., where to die penniless. I am going to live he was brought up. The tablet is a ten years longer, and during that time gift from the New Britain C. E. I expect to do nothing but give away Union. Another tablet was unveiled lTIOney." in the Congregational Church at East Dorset, Vermont, where Mr. Rogers A Bible for Every Immigrant ministered for two years before going to Turkey. The greatest offer ever made for Bible distribution in New York City Hunger for the Word in Mexico has been made to the New York Bible Society. A friend, who withholds his An earnest request has come from name, has offered to give dollar for Mexico for a special edition of 100,- dollar for all that shall be raised up to 000 copies of the Gospels for distribu- $100,000 for the work of Bible distri- tion in connection with the Centennial bution among the immigrants, the of Mexican Independence. There are sailors and among all nationalities of about 1,000 congregations in Mexico, the city of New York. The New and it is expected to make each of York Bible Society is alone carrying

these a center of distribution. Twenty- tions. The lecture this year was de- five years ago the Methodist Episcopal livered by Sir Andrew Fraser, April Mission distributed 20,000 Testaments 7, in Belvoir Street Chapel, Leicester, within a few months. At that time and was preceded by a pilgrimage to this mission had only about 30 congre- Carey's Chapel in Harvey Lane, at gations; to-day it has over ISO. The which the Rev. C. E. Wilson, general Presbyterian, .Methodist Episcopal, secretary, spoke, and an opportunity South, Baptist, Congregational, Re- was given of inspecting many inter- formed Church, Friends, and Episco- esting relics and the cottage in which palian missions, all have important Carey lived.

congregations. We shall be glad to A Baptist Forward Movement receive any special gifts that may be placed in our hands for this centennial By the Baptist Missionary Society distribution of the Scriptures in Mex- an announcement is made of a great ico.-Bible Societ)1 Record. campaign for Baptist foreign missions, a year's strenuous work, a combined Self-help in Brazil effort, an advance in the whole en- terprise for the evangelization of the A Presbyterian Missionary writes heathen. "The mission fields we ochome that the churches of Para and cupy have a population of about 50,- Maranham both contributed an aver- 000,000 souls. It needs at least 1,000 age of more than $ro a member during missionaries, and an income of half the year. The church at Ceara sent its pastor on a missionary visit which con- a million (sterling) a year. ,,ye are sumed three months of his time before he reached the outermost point over 400,000 Baptists in Church felvisited, and would consume another lowship. . We want every churchthree months before he would return member and seat-holder to be personto his own people. Such an illustra- ally solicited to become a regular con- tributor to our general funds. We tion of a genuine missionary spirit on their part deserves a permanent place propose to organize within the next in the history of our work. The elders twelve months a visitation of all parts of the church made themselves re- of the country, as far as possible." sponsible for the church services during his absence. This mission has Church Federation in England pursued the policy of trying to supply its needs with a minimum of foreign There is a proposal to form a workers and by training and sending United Free Church of England. It out as many native workers as possible. Their equipment for this work was brought forward by the Rev. J. is sadly deficient and ought to be speedily provided by the Church at H. Shakespeare, secretary of the Baphome. tist Union, in the National Free Church Council at Hull, and formed EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN one of the most notable incidents in the proceedings. It was received with favor by the council, and has since won approving comment from leading Free Church organs. What is pro- A William Carey Lectureship posed, however, is not an organic The Leicestershire auxiliary of the union, but a cooperative federation, of Baptist Missionary Society is insti- the Evangelical Free Churches of tuting an annual lecture to commem- England, in which these churches shall orate the life and work of William regard themselves as separate (Bap- Carey, the pioneer of modern mis- tist, Methodist, Presbyterian, etc.) sions. Each year a specialist in the sections of the one United Free Church domain of missionary knowledge will of England-each section autonomous.

be secured, who will make the lecture but all working together with a com- an opportunity of a leading contribu- mon policy and in full cooperation, tion to some phase of the great prob- with a representative board to inves- .Jem of preaching the gospel to all na- tigate facts and advise as to duty. The

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

proposal has also in view a redistribu- Mohammedan seminary as an instrument tion of forces as regards colleges, for the conquest of the Moslem world. churches, missions, etc., their existing Its purposes are, first, the preparation of resources being almost adequate if a new mission literature for circulation in they were better arranged.-Alission- all Mohammedan countries, and secondly, ar}' Record. the training of missionaries with espe- cial regard to service among Islamic peo- THE CONTINENT ples. The establishment of this semi- nary is the consequence of a series of Spain Learning Through Tribulations remarkable conversions-that of three Mohammedan "mollahs," or priests. Secretary Darton, of theA1l1erican Board, writes in the Missiollary Her- Mohammed Schiikri Effendi, who at his aid: "Spain has been learning things baptism in 1885 took the name of Awednring the last decade; and there was taranian, was a "Seid," or descendant of much need of the lessons. Vhile the the prophet, dedicated in his childhood Catholic Church is a state church, it to the priesthood and educated as "moldoes not present that spirit of unity lah" in the schools of his native city. often credited to it by outsiders. There Sheik Achmed Keschaf was until 1907 is not a little resemblance in this re- head of the Dervish order of Riifai in spect to the Church of England, altho Macedonia. He had reached the highest the disagreements between the High place in the teaching and practises of the and the Low Church in England are Dervishes and in their mystic philosophy by no means as violent or varied as of Sufism. Mohammed Nessimi Effendi, those existing between the state church his brother, is a Muderis or holder of a in Spain and the various orders of diploma of professor of Moslem theology the church. A third of a century ago, of the first class, He is everywhere recwhen Protestant missionaries first en- ognized as one of the first scholars of tered Spain, they fot:nd few frienc~s the Islamic world-a debater of extraorand a country mad with open OppOSI- dinary power and wisdom. tion. The changes that have taken place in these few years are almost Finnish Missionary Harvest startling, but yet fundamental. The vision of thousands of the best people The missionaries of the Finnish of Spain has been lifted beyond the narrow barriers erected by the church, lIissionary Society are able to say and in their hearts has been planted a longing to be intellectually and spiri- with gratitude to God, "They that sow tually free. These are the present conditions that so wielely prevail here. in tears, shall reap in joy." Fifty New ideas of personal liberty in religious thonght and practise have al- years ago the work in Ovamboland, in reaclv taken root in the minds of the thinking men of Spain. The war with German Southwest Africa, was the United States had not a little to do in preparing the ground for the started. It took patience and love, and more rapid development of these ideas." faith, and tears, for many a faithful missionary worker became a victim of the murderous climate. Now the har- vest seems at hand. Alreacly I,76o native Christians have been gathered upon the eight stations and fifteen out- stations, while 1,240 pupils are attend- ing the missionary schools. The churchcs are far too small for the large crowds which come to hear the ~(yeoesmpsel.to The opposition of the,heathen be broken, and they are will- ing to consider the claims of Christ.

Even among the women a most prom- To Train Missionaries to Moslems ~ing beginning has been made. Mis- Ernest Gordon writes in the Record sion Director Mustakallio made a tour of Christian Work: of inspection not long ago and was Potsdam the head-center of Prussian overjoyed as he saw the signs of the GmrieliattarEilsem~t'orw,itohf its memories of the approaching harvest everywhere, He Friedrich, of the heroic days of 1870, j's to be the seat of a new was struck especially with the attitude enterprise more peaceful in character, of reverence shown by the native and yet militant, too. The German Christians during the services, with Orient Mission is to establish there a their remarkably consistent Christian

walk and conversation, and with their concerning the general cause of Mo- fine singing in the churches. The hammedanism. Thus, the whole cele- work of the missionary schools also bration was purely Mohammedan, the made a fine impression upon him, and like of which St. Petersburg had never he became deeply conscious of the im- seen before. But a more important portant part which the little printing- person than the Emir had reached St. press, that issues literature in the Petersburg about the same time. The Ovambo language, has played in the Mufti Chadsti Mohammediae Sulbattle for Christ. We hear that Jesuits tanow, the head of all Mohammedan are endangering the work by their at- priests in the Russian Empire, had tempts at proselyting. quietly left his 'residence in far-away Orenburg, that he might be in the Mohammedan Influence in Russia capital during these days. The Mufti is a very wise man and is far better A German daily paper, Taegliche treated and more flattered by the Rus- Rundschau, calls attention to the sian Government than the highest digthreatening progress of Islam in Rus- nitaries of Roman Catholicism or sia in an article by Count Richard von Protestantism. Why? Because he Pfeil, which we translate freely: directs the attitude of all the Russian priests and, with them, of the four- The visit of the Emir of Bokhara to teen millions of Mohammedans in St. Petersburg has aroused little at- Russia toward the Czar and the countention outside of Russia. It was not try. the first time that the Mohammedan ruler visited the court of the Czar, and German Protestants in Russia it was taken for granted that he would be treated like he was at the former One of the greatest assets of evanoccasion, tho now he came in celebra- gelical Christianity in Russia and a tion of his twenty-fifth anniversary as chief fulcrum for Christian work there Emir. Then he was received as a is the great German Protestant comvassal of the Czar and was made an munity. The fact that the word adjutant-general. This time, how- Stundist is a German word (Slutlde, ever, he was treated almost like a an hour, being the name used for an reigning prince, was received with evangelical Bible-meeting), indicates great splendor by the Czar, and was the source of much of present-day made the commander-in-chief of a Russian piety. regiment. An official dinner was given to him by the Emperor, and it The progress of the German colwas surely no mere accident that the onists in South Russia is strikingly il- Governor-General of Turkestan, which lustrated by the extent to which they is neighbor to Bokhara, visited St. are landowners. In the government Petersburg at this very time and took of Taurien and especially of the part in the dinner. Crimea, almost a half of all landed property is in their hands. In the During the visit of the Emir the neighboring provinces all over the corner-stone of the first mosque in St. south it is just the same. The growth Petersburg was laid in the presence of of German possessions is so great as the highest Russian dignitaries. The to excite not only astonishment but ap- Emir occupied the place of honor. The prehension among Russian political highest Mohammedan priest of St. economists. Every year the sons of Petersburg, the aged Achun Bajasi- German peasants band together, purtow, made the chief address, in which chase great tracts of land from Rushe referred to the Czar as the protector sians or Tatars, from noblemen as well of the followers of Mohammed the as from peasants, often in the heart of prophet and spoke of the love and a Russian community, and then rekindness with which he had aided the distribute it among themselves. They great cause of building the mosque. erect schools, meeting-houses and the He then praised the merits of the Emir

other institutions of the parent village. 6. Girls need not learn foreign lan- Richer peasants here and there acquire gua!!es. large estates and set up their stables, workshops, windmills, machine-sheds, 7. The rudiments of arithmetic are etc., often on a large scale. One sel- sufficient for home-life. dom meets isolated Germans in Russian villages. They retain, as a rule, 8. Geography is unnecessary, because German characteristics. when a woman travels she is under the care of her husband or a mal~ relative. ASIA 9. Egyptian girls must read the biogra- Missions in Moslem Land. phies of Arabian women, who excelled especially in modesty and hnmility. In his book just from the press, entitled, "Protestant Missions in the 10. Girls must read all passages of Near East," Rev. Julius~Richter sup- the Koran and all the precepts of the plies abundant up-to-date information Prophet referring to women. concerning Protestant evangelizing work in Turkey, Persia, Syria, Pales- 11. Girls must learn house-work, cooking, washing, and similar things.

While these principles of female ed- ucation may seem childish to us, they show a wonderful change of the atti- tude of Islam toward woman.

tine, Arabia, Egypt and the Sudan. Missionary Opportunities in Turkey At the close a bird's-eye view of re- Euphrates College is the only instisults is given in .a series of statistical tution of its kind in all eastern Turkey, tables. Of the nearly twoscore so- with 900 students in the whole educacieties named, three do by far the larg- tional system from preparatory school est part of the work, the American up. Education has received ~ gre~t Board, Presbyterians (North), and impetus from the late revolutions In the United Presbyterians. The staff Turkey. The Turks are willing to of foreign staff numbers I ,032, the send their children to the schools benative workers number 2,87I, the com- cause of the new freedom. The municants 34,600, and the adherents strongest and best leaders of the new nearly three times as many. So dry movement, the men that Turkey now and stony is the Palestine field that, looks to with confidence, are, many of tho 24 s~cieties maintain a foreign them, graduates of the Christian colstaff of 354, the communicants num- leges-a sufficient answer to any who do not believe in missions in Turkey. ber but 3,462.

Islam and Woman's Education There is a great chance also in the Misr-el-Fatat, a Mohammedan pa- industrial missions and in the wide- spread distribution of literature, in the per published in Egypt, .a ~hort time founding and printing of newspapers ago, contained a le~gthy article on ~he that shall bring a message to these people. The opportunity ~or !lledical question of what kmd of an educatlOn work throughout the empIre IS won- derful. Wherever the American medgirls need. The writer took for grant- ical missionary plants his hospital, the people flock to him, rich and ~oor ed that every Mohammedan, man or alike, because they know that he gIves them the best surgery known, offered wfoormmualn~tmedustht elefaorlnloswoimngethpirningc,ipalneds he in an absolutely unselfish spirit. of INDIA female education: A Laymen's Movement in India? 1. The teachers of MohamJ?edan girls must be of Turkish or Egyptlan descent, What if the wonderful awakening in because European teachers cause theIr America of Christian business men to pnpils to lose their national loyalty. missionary zeal should cross the. A.t- lantic, spread through Great Bntam 2. Male teachers of girls must be at and Protestant Europe, and even to least 50 years old. the unevangelized lands of the Orient I 3. School hours should be daily from 8 to I o'clock.

4. Girls should enter the schools when five years old and leave at the age of 11 or 12. Five years of school are sufficient for the education of any girl.

5. Girls must wear national dress in school.

Particularly in India, by the ten thou- the doctrines held in common by the sand Englishmen are to be found, various Protestant churches. The holding official positions or engaged in council believes that the things in business. Tho these are not all Chris- which these churches differ are few tian, yet many are. Tho living in or compared with those in which they near regions where missions are car- agree, and that a college conducted on ried on, they know nothing, and hence the broad lines laid down ought to care nothing for such work, being prove a success. wholly engrossed with secular affairs. And the question has arisen, Why Christianity and Crime in India should there not be inaugurated a systematic attempt to supply these lay- In the Indian Empire there is, acmen with missionary information, and cording to the Government records, thus enlist their interest and cooperation. A number of Indian papers are one criminal Hindu in 447 of the popputting this question to their readers. .rhus the Bombay Guardian quotes ulation, but ~mong Christian natives from the Indian Methodist Times a there is found only one in 2,500. Thus suggestion for a Laymen's Movement the estimate has been made that, "if in the Peninsula; stating also that the all the people in the Madras Presisame idea had been exprest by the dency were Christians, there would be editor of The Statesman at a mission- 12,000 criminals less annually and ary meeting held in Calcutta in con- most of the jails might be shut." nection with the triennial conference of Baptist missionaries, with the sug- Coming by Tribes in Kengtung gesticn that the press be systematically employed and public gatherings be During the past year in the Kengheld. tung field, Burma, several hundred have been baptized of a new tribe, the A Rare Spectacle of Christian Union Sam Taus, who are a literate people. Still another tribe, the Yao, have sent Early in July, after months of care- delegates to inquire concerning Chrisful planning, a union theological sem- tianity and have had teachers disinary is to be opened in Bangalore, patched to them. It is impossible to South India, in which seven mission- meet the demand for teachers either ary societies (American, English, in the evangelized or the unevan- Scotch and Danish) unite. gelized districts. Rev. C. B. Antisdel has prepared charts and readers in The college will begin with two Lahw for first grade, and in Shan for European professors on the staff, be- first, second and third grades; also an sides the necessary Indian Pundits, elementary arithmetic, .and many gosand while the instruction will be main- pel narratives in Lahw.-Missions. ly through the medium of English, special attention will be given to the CHINA vernaculars and Sanskrit. The Wesleyan Missionary Society is expected Opium Really Prohibited soon to furnish a professor, and it is hoped that the American missions will Bishop Bashford writes: "Between also contribute a member to the teach- one and two million opium-dens have ing staff. For the present, the insti- been closed within the past three tution will utilize the buildings of the years. The avowed aim of the gov- London Mission Seminary, now ernment is to sweep away nine-tenths closed, which with its compound has of the opium evil by the close of 1910. been kindly placed at the disposal of Probably she will not accomplish so the council. Larger and permanent much within so short a time; but quarters, for which a considerable sum Prince Tsai Tao, younger brother of has already been given, will be secured Prince Chun, regent, said to me relater. The basis of teaching will be cently: 'First, the government will not abate one jot or tittle of its efforts to destroy all opium. Second, not a young man now entering upon of- ficial life uses opium; all know that

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

it closes every door of advancement. girls' school in Kwangtung Province Our entire official body will soon be at a cost of $800, and is supporting abstainers from this drug. We shall the school at a cost of $60 a year. Dr. then purify the empire from this T. M. Liung, a dentist returned from curse.' So urgent are the exhorta- California, was largely instrumental in tions and orders from the throne that securing a valuable corner lot, within one of the oldest and best governors a few minutes' walk of the center of recently died through suddenly break~ Hongkong, on which is a four-story ing off the use of opium. He refused building. Thus our mission in to touch the drug after the collapse Kwangtung, wholly originated, sup~ set in, saying that he would rather ported, and maintained by the Chi~ die in a struggle for freedom and in nese in America and in Kwangtung, obedience to the throne than live as owns four buildings, worth about $10,- a slave to opium. The Chinese are in 000, without indebtedness, has about earnest in this reform." 120 church-members, more than 100 in the Sunday-schools, and two boys' A Whole Village Seeking Baptism and two girls' schools.-World-Wide Missions. Miss A. M. Jones, of Canton, is engaged in evangelistic work in the K.OREA country places on the East River. Of one of the villages visited she wrote Missionary Enterprise in K.orea recently: "I went with Chaak A-Tseung as guide to Kong-p'i-t'au, a The Japan Mail a few weeks since small village on the Lo-a-shaan side summarizes an article in the Niroku of the river. The whole village has Shimpo in which the forces and acasked for baptism, and they have given tivities of Christian missionaries in us the ancestral hall for a chapel. As Korea are strikingly set forth. The I sat teaching the women and children statement is as follows: "The Niroku the Commandments, 'Thou shalt have Shimpo publishes some interesting stanone other gods but Me,' 'Thou shalt tistics relating to missionary enternot make to thyself any graven image,' prise in the Korean Peninsula. Acthe women eagerly broke in and told cording to the figures given, the me 'they had no idols; they had de- money actually devoted to purposes of stroyed them all and the incense- Christian propagandism in Korea is burners.' The wood and paper idols $7,000,000 per annum, which is nearly were made into a bonfire and burnt, the double of the sum, 3,800,000 yen, and the stone ones drowned-cast into appropriated for the uses of the resi~ the water. dency-general. Further, out of the primary schools, numbering 2,000 in American Chinese as Home Missionaries round figures, more than one-half are under the control of the missionaries. In IgoI the Rev. Yue Kwai, a Chi- There are altogether 807 churches, 257 nese converted in California, went out foreign missionaries, over 400 Korean to work among his fellow countrymen, pastors, 200,000 converts, 350 schools and especially to gather up the Chi- directly attached to Christian missions, nese Methodists who had returned 15,000 students receiving instruction from the United States. Assisted by from Christian missionaries, and IS the Chinese Missionary Society in San hospitals under missionary manage~ Francisco, Mr. Yue Kwai built a ment." church and school, and gathered a considerable congregation. In 1907 Koreans a. Home Missionaries he opened work in a market town in the Sanning district, and later started The following extract from a letter a mission in a railroad town on the from Rev. D. A. Bunker gives some line connecting Hongkong and Can- facts which every Christian ought to ton. A Christian Chinaman who had know. If all Christians were as returned from Sacramento built a earnest to win souls as the Koreans

are, what a revolution there would be and established a school in Tokyo, in every land. which is still carried on under some- "Work along all lines goes forward what changed conditions. Now, from rapidly-so fast that we can hardly that school as originally started have keep within sight of the van. It is sprung up high schools for girls in a great opportunity for winning souls every prefecture and every large city for Christ in this land, and we are all throughout the empire of Japan. As on the run to keep pace with the work a rule, mission-schools preceded them, we have in hand. The people of the and endeavored to carryon the educa- church of which I have charge here tion of girls from twelve or thirteen in the city are carrying on home mis- as they left the primary-schools; but sion work in over 140 villages outside the government, being now convinced this city wall. Every Sabbath the that female education must be carried members and the workers they have to a higher stage, has not only estab- enlisted carryon regular preaching in lished these schools, but has raised I I mission chapels. Last Sunday I their standard.

was at one of these chapels and re- How a Surgeon Found God ceived 23 probationers. The native pastor and myself are out among Dr. Fujikawa, an army surgeon of these chapels more than half our Sab- Beppu, Japan, and a recent convert to baths. At every chapel there are can- Christianity, told his pastor, Mr. didates for baptism or full member- Nakamura, that, having become un- easy on account of his sinful life, it ship, or for probationship, awaiting us. occurred to him that some god might A few Sabbaths ago at one chapel I give him relief. His father is a Shinto baptized six persons, the average age priest, but that religion did not C0111of whom was above seventy. One mend its deities to him. So he said: husband was seventy-nine and his "I was looking about for some reawife seventy-six." sonable and trustworthy god." About A Korean Christian Statesman that time he got hold of a Dible. It is Han. T. H. Yun, of Korea, and at not surprizing that his search ended present in this country as the guest of there. A "reasonable and trustworthy the Laymen's Missionary Movement, God" is He whom we preach. The has been making a number of mission- _description is an artless one; but, like aryaddresses. Mr. Yun was educated Paul, who seized upon the longing for at Vanderbilt University and return- "God Unknown," we are ready to ing to Korea about twenty years ago, meet any demands like this. Now, Dr.

began at once to ascend in the political Fujikawa says of himself: "I am like world, till he was made Minister of a man in the recovering state from Education, deputy to the coronation typhoid fever-longing for more of the Czar, and governor of a prov- food." He proposes, when his term ince, becoming indeed the first citizen of service in the army is over; to es- of Korea, and those who know him be- tablish a Christian hospital for the lieve there is nowhere in the world to- poor.

day a finer product of Protestant ISLANDS OF THE SEA Olristian missions. Mission Comity in the Philippines JAPAN The evangelical missions opening Schools for Japanese Girls work in the Philippines are the Pres- • Some years ago a special appeal byterian, Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, was sent to England by Japanese edu- American Board, United Brethren, cationalists and others in high posi- Disciples, and the Peniel. In order tion in Tokyo asking that Christian that men and means might not be use- ladies might be sent out to start a lessly duplicated, a union was effected high school for girls in the capital. which, altho but advisory in its A weIl-equipped staff was sent out, powers, has nevertheless been a great

factor in the development of mission tion? ·Will you not sit down and policies in the islands. A division of territory was accepted and followed count the cost for yourself? Will with but few exceptions. The story you undertake your share? Will you of the vast numbers who crowded to underwrite your share of the bud- get?

hear the gospel is too well known to The Bishop of Bombay, speaking be repeated. Ten years ago but a be- recently of what a serious effort on ginning, to-day the islands are dotted the part of the Church to evangelize with well-organized and in many the world would cost, said: cases self-supporting congregations, It would cost the reduction of the totaling some hundred thousand mem- staff of clergy all around. It would cost bers. Truly it is marvelous, and more the laity time and personal service. It would cost some people the difference than man's doings. between a larger house and a smaller Gospel Progress in Sumatra one-and others that between frequent In the East Indian island of Su- holidays and rare holidays, and so on matra, which is nearly as large as through all the comforts and pleasures Sweden, the central highlands are oc- of life. It would mean the marks of suffering all over the Church. It would cupied by a people known as the mean everywhere the savor of death, Battas or Battaks, who declare them- and, what we have not yet faced, death selves to be the oldest inhabitants of as a Church, renunciation of spiritual the island. They live by agriculture, privileges and delights. I call upon the Church to lay down its life in some real breeding horses and pigs, and culti- sense for the missionary cause.

vating rice and indigo. The Rhenish Shall we pay the cost? We can do Missionary Society began to evangel- it, if we wil1.-S. M. ZWEMER.

ize them about half a century ago, Church Missionary Statistics and there is now a flourishing native A Correction Church in connection with this mission. The entire Bible has been trans- In spite of an effort to secure acculated into the Toba dialect of Batta racy in the statistics which appeaff~d in spoken by the northern Battasand our May number (facing page 380), published, while the New Testament we note some unfortunate errors. The and parts of the Old are also published, Baptist Church (South) should be mainly by the Netherlands Bible So- credited with 22 cents per member for ciety, in Angkola, a southern dialect foreign missions, the Disciples of of the same language. There are now Christ with 35 cents (in place of only 89,000 Batta Christians, 4,000 having 4 cents per member), and the Evanbeen added to the Church last year. gelical Association with 29 cents. The And on the Island of Nias there are United Brethren report 874 new comalso 10,000 people who own Jesus municants on mission fields, or an Christ as their Lord and Master. average of 2.7 per minister (in place MISCELLANEOUS of 41.7 each). We were not able to obtain the num- What It Would Cost ber added on confession in the home ·What would it cost to evangelize churches, but the comparison in the our share of the world? How much tables is practically correct.

would you and I have to give of OBITUARY time and money, of prayer and Rev. H. H. Jessup, of Syria pains, to finish the work which God has given our Church to do? How The grand old man of the Syrian much love and life would need to be missions has passed away in the poured out in Japan and China, in death in Beirut, Syria, of the Rev.

Arabia and India and here at home Henry Harris Jessup, missionary and to reach the last man for which we author, in his seventy-ninth year. An are responsible? Is not this prob-. extended article will be published on lem worthy of practical considera- Dr. Jessup's life, in our July number.

Doctor) essup's recently published au- trustee of the Presbyterian Hospital; tobiography is a remarkable story of a member of the University Extension the Syrian missions. Association, and during the Spanish Doctor Jessup was graduated from war he was president of the Nadonal Yale in 18S1, and from the Union Relief Association. His gifts to for- Theological Seminary in 1855. He was eign missions were large and wisely a missionary at Tripoli, Syria, from directed.

1856 to 1860, and since that time he Henry Nitchie Cobb, of New York had been stationed at Beirut. He was missionary editor of the Arabic jour- Another devoted missionary statesnal EI-Nesrah, and was moderator of man is gone. Rev. Henry Nitchie the General Assembly of 1879. Among Cobb, since 1882 corresponding secrehis works are "The Mohammedan tary of the Board of Foreign Missions Missionary Problem," "The Women of of the Reformed Church of America, the Arabs," "The Greek Church and died on April 17th, at his home, East Protestant Missions," "Syrian Home Life," and "Kamil." Orange, N. J.

Doctor Jessup has contributed great- Mr. Cobb was born seventy-five ly to the remarkable spread of mis- years ago in New York City, the son sionary and educational work in Syria. of the late Sanford and Sophia Nitchie He spoke Arabic fluently, and traveled Cobb. He was graduated from Yale about the country, penetrating even the with the class of 1855. most remote mountain districts, and constantly hazarding his life. In r860 he went to Persia as a mis- sionary, and from 1866 to 188r he was pastor of the Reformed Church of Millbrbok, N. Y.

John H. Converse, of Philadelphia Mr. Cobb traveled extensively in mission fields, and wrote a book on one On May 3d, John H. Converse, of his tours. He was very active in all president of the Baldwin Locomotive departments of foreign missionary Works and one of the noblest and work. most generous supporters of the mis- sionary cause at home and abroad, a Rev. F. A. Hagenauer prominent Presbyterian layman, died The Rev. F. A. Hagenauer died at suddenly from heart disease at his Ramahyuck, Stratford, Australia, on home in Rosemont, near Philadelphia. November 28th. He was a notable fig- . Mr. Converse was sixty-nine years ure in the history of the reclamation old, having been born in Burlington, of the aborigines in Australia during Vt., in 1840. After his graduation the past half-century. Going to Aus- from the University of Vermont, he tralia as a missionary of the Moravian was for three years an editorial writer Church, he worked for many years on the Burlington Times. He then with distinct success among the abo- went to Chicago, where he was en- rigines, especially the northern tribes gaged in railroad work for two years, along the Murray. He was a welI- and in 1870 became a member of the known personage in Melbourne, as a Baldwin Locomotive firm, of which he humorous lecturer also. In later years was afterward elected president. he was appointed superintendent of Mr. Converse gave liberally of his the aboriginal station of Ramahyuck, large fortune. In 1900 he was vice- on the shores of Lake WelIington, and moderator of the Presbyterian General later, as a recognition of his wisdom Assembly, of which he was also presi- and ability, he was made government- dent of the trustees and chairman of inspector of aborigines for the whole the business committee of the Board of of Victoria. He resigned a few years Publication. The committee of' evan- ago on account of increasing age, and gelistic work was largely supported by died eighty-one years old. Mr. Hage- his generosity, He was a trustee of nauer devoted much time and atten- the Princeton Theological Seminary; tion to scientific research among native animals also.

THE MISSIONARY

FIGHTING THE SLAVE HUNTERS IN CENTRAL earth are opening to the gaze of AFRICA. By Alfred ]. Swan. Illus- travelers. Lhasa has yielded its se- trated. 8vo. 359.pages. $3.50, net. ]. B. Llppmcott, Phtladelphia. 1910. crets, and now there appears from the Slavery and the slave-trade is not press this very interesting resume of yet stamped out in Africa. In some t~avel and adventure in the sacred pl~ces conditions worse than slavery cIty of the Moslem world. Some peo- eXist under the name of contract labor ple still believe that Burton was the -where the death of the workers is only man who ever reached the holy more profitable than their life when city. of the Moslem world and few the time comes for the payment of realIze that there are more than a wages or their return to their homes. score of Europeans whose record tells The article by Mr. TRrEaVvIiEsWB, usxhtoown~ of penetrat~on to M.ec~a in disguise. in this number of the These nommal Chnsttans might be the present extent of this inhuman divided into three groups and the story traffic in human beings. Mr. Swan's o,~ each of them is told in this volume.

volumes of stirring tales gives inci- hrst, there were those who went un- dent~ from the thrilling history of willingly,. as it were, by accident, like fighting the slave trade in Central Af- Joseph PItts, t~e sailor boy of Exeter, rica. Mr. Swan has spent twenty- and Johann WIld; then there were the seven years in Africa, and therefore votaries of science, among whom has gathered his information and in- three stand out prominent – Burch- spiration it first hand. Conditions hardt, Seetzen and Hurgronje. Lastly, have i.mpro:v~d in the last twenty-five there were those who were impelled years III Bnttsh Central Africa, where merely by love of adventure or curios- Mr. Swan lived and where he helped ity. The last of these, Gervais Cour- to fight the Arab slave-dealers. tellemont, has the honor oafdvbeenitn~Or'erths.e photographer with these Stories of fiendish cruelty are here Burto~ stands in a class by himself, told-the spearing of wearied women altho III accuracy of scientific descripor of helpless children in order that tion he takes second place to the Holthe mothers might be relieved of the land~r Hur~ronje, wh<,Jse sociological burden and might carry their loads of studies, earned on dunng a residence ivory. of six months, have given us the The rising generation in Africa is standard book on Mecca. Mote than beginning to recognize the disgrace a dozen other nameless Christians are of slavery and social evolution is progre~sing. Nyassaland is now showing referred to, who lost their lives in the mfluence of Christian missions and their venture or became Moslems.

the fruit of the work of early pioneers The general conclusion seems to be is being gathered. that there is less fanaticism than for- The book is one to stir the blood of merly, and that, perhaps, the Meccan those who have humanity enough to Railway, if completed, will set the help heal the "open sore of the world." door ajar.

The pictures are often graphic and A full bibliography and striking il- harrowing and there .are incidents lustrations add to the inte;'C~t of this thrilling al),d heroic. Much informa- fascinating book.

tion is given in passing concerning the A HISTORY OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN TIiE NEAR EAST. By Julius Richter. 8vo, natural resources of Africa and the in- 435 pages. $2.50, net. Fleming H. dustrial development of the natives. Revell Co., New York. 1910. The style of the narrative is interest- We have already reviewed the Gering and many of the photographic man edition of this valuable history of missions in the Levant (see page 79; illustrations are unique. January, 1909), but this is more than a translation, it is a revised and im- CHRISTIANS AT MECCA. Augustus Ral1i. proved edition. Dr. Richter is one of 12mo, 283 pages. $1.20, net. William Heinemann & Company, London.

The most secluded corners of the

the leading German authorities on mis- edited, clearly printed and artistically sions and, as we would expect, his edited missionary publication for chilwork is scholarly and thorough. The present volume does for Mohamme- dren we have ever seen. It is dedan lands around the Mediterranean something of what his "History of lightful-not a childish magazine or Missions in India" did for that coun- adults' periodical labeled for children, try. but one written for boys and girls, We have here a thoughtful study of about boys and girls, and in a way the Mohammedan world and the that can not fail to interest boys and Eastern Churches, and the most complete account yet published of the his- girls in the magazine .and in Christian tory and present work of Protestant missions in Turkey, Armenia, Syria missions to other boys and girls. There and Palestine, Persia, Egypt and Abyssinia. It is one of those books are stories about an African Princess, ·that a student of missions can not af- a Korean Prince, adventures on canford to do without. It contains a re- .markable array of facts and is rich in nibal islands, etc. Read it and see biographical material. The statistical why we are pleased to offer Everyland tables show over 1,000 missionaries in in combination with TIlE MISSIONARY these fields and nearly 35,000 Protesrant communicants. REVIEW.

FIFTY-THREE YEARS IN SYRIA. By Henry H. NEW BOOKS Jessup. Illustrated. 2 vols. $5.00. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. 1910. WINNERS OF THE WORLD DURING TWENTY CENTURIES. A Story and a Study of Dr. Jessup has just passed into the Missionary Effort, from the Time of eternal presence of the Master whom St. Paul to the Present Day. By Mary he served so long and so faithfully. Tracy Gardner and William Edward His two volumes of reminiscences of Gardner. 16mo, 239 pages. Fleming H. life and work in Syria are noteworthy Revell Co., New York. and captivating. They are full of humor, wit and wisdom; they give the FOREIGN MISSIONS. Some Principles and history of the Syrian Mission, inclu- Methods in the Expansion of the Chrisding also the Beirut College and the tian Church. By R. H. Malden, M.A. Mission Press. The book is exception- 256 pages. $1.25, net. Longmans, ally rich in biographical material re- Green & Co., New York. lating to leading missionaries in Syria and Turkey. We will devote an article THE INTERPRETATION OF THE CHARACTER OF to these important volumes and their CHRIST TO NON..{;HRISTIAN RACES. By author in a subsequent number of THE Charles H. Robinson, M.A. 12mo, 200 REVIEW. We have found no topic, pages. $1.20, net. Longmans, Green touched by the gifted author, on which & Co., New York. he does not strike a key-note. The volumes are full of information and FIFTY-THREE YEARS IN SYRIA. By Henry inspiration. Harris Jessup. 8vo. $5.00. Fleming H. Revell Co. EVERYLAND. A new magazine for boys and girls. Edited by Mrs. H. W. Peabody. FIGHTING THE SLAVE-HUNTERS IN CENTRAL Published quarterly at Vest Medford, Boston, Mass. 15 cents a copy. Free AFRICA. By Alfred J. Swann. 8vo. $3.50. (upon request), to subscribers to the J B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD at $2.50 a year. HISTORY OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN THE NEAR EAST. By Julius Richter. 8vo. The first two numbers of this maga- $2.50. Fleming H. Revell Co., New zine have appeared and are the most York. attractive, well written, carefully VERY FAR EAST. By C. Winifred Lech- mere Clift. With preface by Alfred A. Head: 3s, 6d. Marshall Brothers, Ltd., KeSWIck House, Paternoster Row, E.c., London. THE PAPAL CONQUEST. By Rev. Alex.

Robertson, D.D. Cloth. 6s. Morgan & Scott, 12, Paternoster Bldgs., E.c., London. THE INDIAN AND HIS PROBLEM. By Fran- cis E. Leupp. 8vo, 369 pages. $2.00. Charles Scribner's Sons, Kew York. CHINA AND THE FAR EAST. By George A. Blakeslee. 12mo. $2.00. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., New York. NEW CHINA. By W. Y. Fullerton and C. E. Wilson, B.A. 3s, 6d, net. Mor- gan & Scott, Ltd., 12, Paternoster Bldg., London, E.c.

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1909

Copyright by Elliott & Fry, L

GEORGE E. POST, M.D.

gft,lfiss{onary CJ?.eview

of the World VOL. XXXII. No. 12 DECEMBER, 1909 VOL. XXII. No. 12 Old Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES THE GREAT LAYMEN'S CAMPAIGN DECEMBER The Laymen's Missionary Move- Reading, Pa., 1·3 Schenectady, N. Y., 11· Detroit, Mich. Y.4, ·78-10 14 Syracuse, N. ment has issued a three-fold call in connection with their national cam- JANUARY, 1910 paign in seventy-five centers: New York City, 9-16 Wheeling, W. Va., 25· I. The Call to Men to Take Part in the Greensboro, N. C., 12e 27 National Missionary Campaign. 14 Dayton, 0., 25-27 II. The Call to Prayer for the Campaign. Huntington, W. Va., III. The Call to a Day of Prayer, on the Columbia, S. c., 17-19 27-28 third anniversary of the Movement. Pittsburg, Pa., 20·23 Cincinnati, 0., 28·30 Nashville, Tenn., 28·30 Throughout the National Mission- Macon, Ga., 21-23 FEBRUARY ary Campaign a weekly Bulletin will Louisville, Ky., 1·3 Oklahoma, Okla., 15·17 Jacksonville and Tam- Shreveport, La., 16·17 be issued by the Laymen's Missionary Wichita, Kan., 18-20 pa, Fla" 1·3 Houston, Tex., 18-20 Movement. St. Louis, Mo., 3·6 Topeka, Kan., 22·24 Montgomery, Ala., 4-6 Dallas, Tex., 22-24 The motive in this Movement is Memphis, Tenn., 8-10 Kansas City, Mo., 24·27 Jackson, Miss., 8-10 Little Rock, Ark., 11-13 El Paso, Tex., 27- New Orleans, La., 12- March 1 15 seen in the following extract from MARCH Canada's National Missionary Policy: CoJ~;ado Springs, Col., Sacramento, Ca1., 14-16 Lincoln, Neb., 15-17 "We believe that the call to make Denver, Col., 3-6 Phoenix, Ariz., 4-6 San Francisco, Ca1., 17dominant and regnant in all human Sa~fake City, Utah, 20 relationships, personal, national and Los Angeles, Cal., 8-10 Omaha, Neb., 18·20 Fresno, Cal., 12·14 Sioux City, la., 22-24 racial, the principles and spirit of Cheyenne, Wyo., 13-14 Mitchell, S. D., 29-31 Portlana, are., 29-31 Jesus Christ, presents to every man APRIL his supreme opportunity of develop- Davenport, la., 1-3 Indianapolis, Ind., 12- Moline and Rock Isment, usefulness and satisfaction, and 14 land, Ill., 1·3 Butte, Mont., 12-14 we appeal to men everywhere to in- Tacoma, Wash., 1-3 Billings, Mont., 15-17 Seattle, Wash., 2-5 vest their intelligence, their influence, l1ilwaukee, Wis., 5-7 bcl~~h,NM~~;'.: 9'H_24 Peoria, Ill., 8·10 St. Paul, Minn., 26-28 Spokane, Wash., 8-10 their energy and their possessions in MAY the effort of combined Christianity to Chicago, 111., 3·6 redeem the world." -NATIONAL MISSIONARY CONGRESS.

The conventions are to be held in ENCOURAGING SIGNS OF LIFE the following cities: In spite of the financial depression the offerings of the United States OCTOBER and Canada for foreign missions in- creased last year $602,000. The in- Buffalo, N. Y., 16·19 Richmond, Va., 23-26 crease of income from the foreign field Bristol, Tenn., 19-21 Worcester, Mass., 29-31 was even more remarkable, being Cleveland, 0., 21-24 NOVEMBER Providence, R. 1., 5-7 Philadelphia, Pa., 18-21 Boston, Mass., 6·7 Harrisburg, Pa., 22-24 Washington, D. C, 11- Scranton, Pa., 22-24 14 Hartford, Conn., 27-30 Baltimore, Md., 16-18 Portland, Me., 27-30 $1,360,000. The total gifts on the ing a population of 140,000, provided foreign field was $4,844,000, and this an aggregate attendance for a fortamount was forty-eight per cent of night of 114,000, and another town the total amount contributed for sent a third of its 30,000 daily. The foreign missions by the Protestant Australians appear to have been imchurches of North America. prest by the organization and detail of the enterprise, and still more with the "The increase of native converts burden laid upon Dr. Chapman's hearlast year was 164,674, or over 450 a ers everywhere, the duty of carrying day. The cumulative effects of the forward community evangelization. foreign mission enterprise is shown Mr. Alexander's work has commandby the fact that it took one hundred ed admiration, and with the assistance years to gain the first million con- of the great Melbourne choir, 1,500 verts. The second million were se- voices picked from the choirs of 400 cured in twelve years, and they are churches, he rendered yeoman's aid to now being added at the rate of a the evangelist. After five days of faremillion in six years. The percentage well, the party embarked for China. of the increase of the church-membership of America was one-and The religious press has served the one-half, while the increase of Amer- mission devotedly throughout. Doctor ican missions abroad was twelve per Chapman was invited to return after cent. Two members were added in two years, and 500 members have been America for each ordained minister, enrolled in a Laymen's United Evanwhile forty-one were added in the gelistic League. foreign field for each ordained American missionary. THE PROGRESS OF A CENTURY THE AWAKENING IN AUSTRALIA Think over the mighty changes that have been brought about within the The verdict on the Chapman-Alex- last hundred years. China was one ander campaign, recently brought to a dense mass of heathenism. Africa stirring climax in Australia, appears only a geographical name. India, to be unanimous and emphatic. "The Tartary and the isles of the sea were changed outlook of the ministry, the in darkness that might be felt, yet the revived spirit of the churches, the re- Church was sleeping as undisturbedly inspiration of flagging church institu- as tho she had nothing to do with the tions and the new movements that other side of the globe, or even with have been born of it," are cited among those who were in darkness nearer the really important fruits of the mis- home. How different it is to-day! sion. From the outlying districts re- There is hardly a land on all the circle ports still come in of resultant efforts of the globe that has not been entered among local churches, the revival by the heralds of the Cross. Even wave not yet having spent its force. in Central Africa, where, fifty years During the sixteen weeks of their ago, the name of Christ had not been meetings, the evangelists' party have heard, they are now singing praises traveled over 5,000 miles to conduct to him beside the quiet waters of missions. Some of the attendances re- Victoria Nyanza, and along the banks ported are remarkable; Adelaide, hav- of the mighty Kongo.

OF THE

RELIGIOUS CONGRESS IN CALCUTTA ica via China and Japan in furtherance of his plan of saving his country from The Leipsic Lutheran Missionblatt a European Protectorate, by securing reports that a great national religious American intervention. His success is congress was held in Calcutta from doubtful, as there is not much inclina- April 9th to I rth. About 1,500 edu- tion on the part of the American Recated Hindus were present and lis- public to saddle itself with territorial tened attentively to the addresses de- responsibility, but the letter is of inlivered by the representatives of the terest as showing the present attitude different religions. The Radja of toward nations of Europe. The Bel- Darbhanga, an orthodox Hindu, and gian enormities in the Kongo Free the liberal Judge Sarada Tsharan State have not enamored the Africans Mittra ably presided, and Buddhists, of European tender mercies. The acts Djains, Jews, Mohammedans, Parsees, and attitudes of governments seriously Christians, and many of the sects of affect not only the cause of evangeliza- Hinduism were represented. Attacks tion, but of civilization. upon other religions were strictly forbidden and great tolerance and much KOREAN PROGRESS forbearance were manifest. The most interesting point was the apparent de- The theological seminary at Pyeng sire of many non-Christian speakers to Yang, Korea, has 98 students in atmake their religions appear the true tendance. The men have marvelous representatives of the fatherhood of memories. At a recent examination God and the brotherhood of all men. forty questions each were asked on They showed clearly how these fun- Joshua and the Epistles of the New damentals of Christianity have entered Testament, from Galatians to Second into religious thought in India. Thessalonians; and eighty questions on Deuteronomy, but not one failed. A PLEA FROM ABYSSINIA The missionary who conducted the ex- amination writes: "I never saw any- Prince Johannes Menelik, of Adis thing like it for keenness and vora- Abbeba, heir to the throne, writes a cious acquisitiveness. The knowledge letter for the authenticity of which of the Bible which the student manithere seems to be ample testimony, fests would put to shame the average pleading for American intervention in seminary or college student in our own Abyssinia. He writes: land."

I am a prince of Africa, and I now call GOSPEL TRANSFORMATION IN to the world-wide attention to help me in MEXICO this great work, because if we left it in our native people's hands Africa shall go to hell Thirty years ago a small company and not to heaven. I must point out one of Protestant Christians in the village thing. We don't want Germans, or English, of Atzala, State of Puebla, were ator French in this country. But if America tacked by a fanatical mob of Roman come in my lifetime, she and her subjects Catholics and twenty of the members shall be welcome. But German people is of that little congregation were cruelly no good to any colored people. England murdered, some of the officials of the she is hell enough. German forty million town giving assent to the assassinatimes worse. And on other hand, I do tion. Now Rev. H. A. Bassett, of the think we can get as goodes man in the Methodist Mission, writes: state of America. The prince proposes a visit to Amer-

A few days ago I held service in our perish but that all should come to repentchapel in that place, and behind me on the ance; through Whom God has established wall were printed the names of those twen- His Kingdom on earth; and by whom the ty who were sacrificed for the establish- Holy Spirit draws men to faith and peniment of the new faith. To-day what a mar- tence, inspires them to a life of service, and velous transformation is noticed. We have brings them into ever deeper harmony with a Methodist. church there with the follow- God's Holy Will. ing officials of the town as members: The president of the municipality, his secretary, III. This Church exists for the proclamathe first-assistant to the president, one other tion of Christ's Gospel and the extension of member of the town council, the teacher of His Kingdom. the boys' school and the postmaster. Truly the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the SOUTH AMERICANS HUNGRY FOR Church. At another point on this same cir- KNOWLEDGE cuit we have a day-school of sixty-two scholars, and the members of the congrega- The most impressive demand tion are at present erecting a neat chapel. made upon Protestant Christianity by the peoples of the South Ameri- STEPS TOWARD UNION IN AFRICA can republics is their "persistent, eager and universal demand for lib- Four denominations in South Africa eral education," says Bishop F. M. are making progress toward union into Bishop of the Methodist Church. one body. The Presbyterian, Method- He considers that as one of the ist, Baptist and Congregational seem most hopeful signs of the triumph to have better prospects for agreement of truth in the southern world. The in belief than similar movements in easiest thing to do in any city, town Australia and Canada. The sub-com- or village of South America is to mittee on doctrine proposed a brief start a school. The people are huncreed, which is commended to the at- gering and thirsting for knowledge. tention of the churches in Canada Education is almost a mania with whose negotiations are handicapped by them. There are schools connected being confronted with a long and cum- with the mission churches in many bersome series of statements furnish- towns, and these might be opened ing material for endless debate. This in all the towns were there suffiproposed South African creed is pref- cient money to employ teachers. aced by a declaration of the historic These additional schools would be continuity of the United Church with crowded, as those are that are althe Church of the New Testament and ready in operation. the Reformation, reserving to itself the right to revise its declaration of REVIVAL IN WEST CHINA faith when it may be deemed necessary. The creed is as follows: "There is a fierce struggle going on in Kiating," writes Mr. Bradshaw, of 1. This Church acknowledges and re- the Baptist Mission, on July 15th. ceives the Word of God delivered in the "The devil and all his forces are fight- Old and New Testaments as its standard of ing the Kiating Christians, but they do faith and life. not stand alone. A week ago, the Holy Spirit came in power on the Canadian II. It accepts and holds as the central Methodist West China native confermessage of Scripture the evangel of the ence assembled at Ren Shon. At the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, Who loved close of the conference several of the us and gave Himself for us; in Whom God Christians came to Kiating, and a is revealed as the righteous and loving united meeting was held at which Father Who is not willing that any should

OF THE TIMES

these men spoke with much power. for religion and would gladly grant re- ligious liberty, but they fear the com- The missionaries in the city decided to mon people.

hold union meetings for one or two In the meantime missionaries are recogmzmg the opportunities, and nights to pray for a like blessing for calling for men and money to enable them to enter the open doors. One of Kiating. Morning meetings were held the Presbyterian physicians has been offered the position of surgeon to the separately in the three chapels at six forces of the Nationalist leaders. While he could not accept the position o'c1ock, and in the Baptist chapel again lest he be involved in politics, he writes: at six at night-before the union serv- Our relations with them have continice at 7 :30." ued cordial and we have had many long talks with the leaders in which we tried Five days later Mr. Bradshaw to show them the supreme importance of setting righteousness first in all their writes: plans.

The people in the street here say "The ENLARGEMENTS CALLED FOR IN Christians' God has come down," and He UGANDA truly has. Morning after morning and night after night they come together, and In the Church Missionary Review God has poured out a rich blessing on Kia- Bishop Tucker and Dr. A. R. Cook ting. make urgent appeals for the establish- ment of a medical mission and the The meetings have grown quieter, but are opening of two new stations in the intense and powerful, and the interest con- Bukedi Country, in the eastern provtinues. At first the whole congregation ince of the Protectorate. The two would be praying at once, and sobbing, and stations suggested are Dokolo in the on their knees pouring out confessions of Lango country, and Longoi in the awful sins for an hour and a half to two Teso country. Longoi is some three hours at a time. Now many are enjoying days' journey north of Lake Salisbury, the peace of God, and those who confess and only two days' march from the are coming a few at each meeting, and Karamop country. Dokolo is a good quietly, but some of them most sincerely, deal west of Longoi, and is intended to confessing their sins. be the center from whence the Lango and Bamiro peoples can be evangel- Some left the city, they were so afraid of ized. In a more recent letter Bishop the power of the Holy Spirit; others keep Tucker writes: "The whole field of away from the meetings for fear they might Bukedi is before us. In a year or two be led to confess. For these we are praying the opportunity will have passed from and sending messengers, hoping they may us-the Mohammedan will be in." not escape the blessing. With the definite object of assisting in withstanding this Mohammedan ad- MOVEMENTS IN PERSIA vance, the missionary committee of the Uganda Church have resolved, The movement for political freedom should means be forthcoming, to send and liberty of conscience in Persia is gaining impetus, as will be seen from the following: Recently a newspaper published a statement to the effect that 1,300 years ago the lizard-eating Arab barbarians forced a load upon the Persians which the latter have not been able to throw off since. Probably the writer was thinking of the political and literary burden, but his remarks came so near being a reflection on Mohammed and his faith that the paper was supprest. The writer goes unpunished, and on the whole the incident caused more amusement than anything else. Many of the leaders care nothing

out Baganda missionaries into the re- friends nor to its own conscience, if it gions beyond Uganda. would leave a missionary territory to it- self, before the Lord puts it face to face MODERN SLAVERY IN AFRICA with the impossibility of looking after that territory. It is not in the Kongo State alone that men are made the prey of ava- In regard to specific fields, the followrice, deprived of rights in their own ing resolutions were passed: lands, and reduced to serfdom. A recent book by Mr. Charles A. Swan, 3. The older districts are to be limited for twenty-three years a missionary in in their expenses. Attention is to be Angola, gives details of the traffic in paid that none of them have a sure exhuman flesh that is going on in that istence at the expense of the others. colony in violation of Portuguese law, without the slightest effort on the part 4. The new fields must be kept back of the Portuguese colonial authorities wisely for the present. to check it. The book is a melancholy revelation of inhumanity, oppression, 5. The work in Nicaragua will have to and crime, underlying and polluting a be gradually suspended, if the social and -large part of the trade in the colony. political conditions of the country do In directing attention to the criminal- not cha·nge for the better. At this time ity of Belgium and of Portugal, we large retrenchments are to be made, yet are not forgetful of the reproach without completely sacrificing congregawhich lies against Christian countries. tions. The callousness with which we keep pouring in gin to demoralize and im- 6. Wherever there is an opportunity, a poverish the natives in Nigeria and whole district or a part of it be given elsewhere in order that traders may over to another missionary society. grow wealthy is a crying shame. 7. At home economy must likewise rule as much as possible.

Friends of the work issued an ap- peal for funds immediately, and about $r,70o were collected in a short time. The Lord guide the great missionary body safely through this crisis unto victory.

THE MORAVIANS AND REDUCTION OF SLAVE LABOR MUST CEASE EXPENSES Leading English and German cocoa "Retrenchment is not retrogres- manufacturers have announced that sion," says the annual report of the they will buy no more cocoa-beans Moravians in reviewing the action from Portuguese West Africa until taken by the General Synod. That they are convinced that slave labor has our readers may understand the ac- been abolished there. They declare tion better we translate it as it appears they will not put into their goods the in the German report, pp. 26, 27. It produce of slavery. Instead of cloreads: sing their eyes to the merely reported evil, some of these firms sent agents 1. General Synod with deep sorrow to investigate conditions. The abovetakes cognizance of the financial crisis in mentioned action followed, and shows our missionary work. It has been obliged a fine moral sensitiveness that is reto become convinced that it will beim- freshing. Such an attitude by the busipossible to restore the equilibrium in the ness representatives of great Chrisbudget without retrenchments. tian nations will go far to recommend the religion of which such nations are 2. Yet it feels unable to order the supposed to be exponents. Missionary Committee to give up a whole field at once, because no society, and no Church, is ready to take it over at this moment. It could not answer to its

TO JEWISH MISSIONS

BY REV. LOUIS MEYER, NEW YORK In answering the common objections The attentive reader of the Word to Jewish missions, we take our stand of God, in Acts 10, sees, to his astonupon the Bible as the Word of God. ishment, how difficult it was for the From it we learn that all men, Jew Jewish Christians, who formed the and Gentile, "have sinned and come membership of the Church of Christ short of the glory of God," and that in the days of the apostles, to learn the by faith in the Lord Jesus Christ we lesson "that the Gentiles should be are saved," for there is none other fellow heirs and of the same body, and name under heaven given among men partakers of his promise in Christ by whereby we must be saved." We the gospel." To one who urges the therefore ansWer negatively the ques- preaching of the Gospel to the Jews tion of Rev. Madison C. Peters.* to-day, Gentile Christians seem just "There are many roads which lead to as slow to believe that it is Scriptural one destination on earth; why can and according to the divine order to there not be more than one road lead- preach the Gospel "to the Jew first, ing to heaven ?" We emphasize the and also to the Greek," and objecfact that there is but one way to tions, seemingly based upon the Word heaven, not a Jewish way and a of God, are brought forward. Some Protestant way and a Roman Catholic of these we will briefly discuss and way, but as Jesus said, "I am the answer: way." To us it is clear that any man, Jew or Gentile, without faith in Christ 1. PAUL TURNED FROM THE JEWS is not in the Way of salvation, and TO THE GENTILES-Acts 13 : 45, 46. that therefore, in answer to our Mas- Answer: It is true that Paul turned ter's command, "Go ye into all the from the Jews in Antioch, when they world, and preach the Gospel to every were filled with envy, and contracreature," we are solemnly bound to dicted and blasphemed, but he never include the Jew in our missionary en- stated that he turned from all Jews to terprise. the Gentiles. Already in the next chapter (14: I) we read that "Paul Many objections are urged against and Barnabas went both together into the preaching of the Gospel to the the synagog of the Jews, and so spake Jews by sense and natural reason, by that a great multitude both of the Jew and Christian. We can not at- Jews and also of the Greeks believed." tempt to answer them all in the And that the apostle continued to visit limited space allotted to us, and must the synagogs and preach the Gospel restrict ourselves to the chief objec- to the Jews, no reader of the other tions urged against missionary enter- chapters of the Acts can deny (Acts prise among the Jews, (1) by devout 18 : 6, 19, 28, etc.). Christians; (2) by Jews and Christians together. 2. THE REJECTION AND CRUCIFIX- ION OF THE MESSIAH EY THE JEWS 1. OBJECTIONS URGED AGAINST MIS- AND THEIR CRY, "HIS BLOOD BE UPON SIONARY ENTERPRISE AMONG THE US AND OUR CHILDREN," HAS CAUSED JEWS, EVEN BY DEVOUT CHRISTIANS. THE PASSING OF A SENTENCE OF RE- JECTION AGAINST THE REBELLIOUS • Homiletic R.,new, November, 1907, p. 396–an PEOPLE. Answer: If there be such article directed against the Proselyting of Jews and Rom.!l Cilthoji,., – —

a sentence, Paul, tho he was an in- the purposes of God by preaching the spired apostle, did not know of it. Gospel to the Jew now. Yea, rather, he declared the opposite (Rom. I I : I). He asks the pointed 4. THE JEWS ARE TO BE CONVERTED question, Hath God cast away His BY MIRACLES. Answer: Every conpeople? Then he answers, God for- version, whether of Jew or of Genbid! and points to himself and his tile, is a miracle, so that the objector conversion as a living evidence of the is right in that respect. But if he contrary. There was a "remnant, ac- means that the Jews are to be concording to the election of grace" at verted by looking at miracles, we anthe time when Jewish unbelief and de- swer that miracles never did and never pravity seemed at their height. That will convert any man, as far as man remnant has never been cut off, it knows, tho God is supreme in the emexists still; for only "a hardening in ployment of any agency. The inpart hath befallen Israel." Through- habitants of Palestine in large numout the centuries since the days of bers looked upon the mighty works Paul, there have been more than of the Son of God, but they did not enough real, undoubted conversions of believe. The Son of God rose from Jews to contradict the allegation that the dead, yet they were not persuaded. sentence of rejection has been passed In Romans IO, Paul teaches us that upon them and the attempt to preach ordinary means are to be employed the Gospel unto them is futile. for the conversion of Jews and Gen- tiles, viz., that the Gospel is to be 3. THEJEWS ARE TO BE CONVERTED preached. (See also Luke 16: 31.) AS A NATION. "THE TIME IS NOT COME; THE TIME THAT THE LORD's But, after all, these and similar ob- HOUSE SHOULD BE BUILT." Answer: jections brought forward against mis- What do we know of the times and sionary enterprise aniong the Jews by seasons which the Father hath retained devout Christians are less important in His own power? Is not the time than, more than eighteen centuries nearer than when Paul labored and prayed Jewish Objections for it? Dare we neglect work on account of a mere hypothesis which may II. OBJECTIONS URGED AGAINST turn out to be false? But even if it JEWISH MISSIONS BY THE JEWS were true, that the time for the national THEMSELVES, IN SOME OF WHICH conversion of the Jews has not yet THEY ARE SECONDED BY CHRISTIANS. come, is it not always the time to be laboring for the salvation of individ- 1. ANY ATTEMPT TO PROMOTE uals, both Jew and Gentile? "Behold! CHRISTIANITY AMONG THE JEWS IS now is the accepted time; behold! now AN INSULT TO THAT RACE. Rabbi B. is the day of salvation." Souls are Felsenthal, in his "Criticism of Chrisever precious, ever perishing; the tian Missionary Enterprise," says: blood of Christ is always able to "The mission to the Jews is an insult cleanse from sin; and the Holy Spirit to the Jews of the city or the neighis ever near to regenerate and sanc- borhood in which it is being carried tify. No, we do not interfere with on." William Rosenau, in an article published in the Chicago Israelite and widely circulated by being reprinted in the Literary Digest, 1907, page 380, says: "Should he (i.e., the Jew) turn

TO JEWISH MISSIONS

the tables on the Christians and at- singled out is not singltlar. There are special missions to Roman Catholics tempt to Judaize by carefully devised and to many special sects and nations in this great country of ours and conversion methods, the Jew would abroad. Special agents and a special training for the work are needed, be considered intolerant. . We therefore special societies must be formed, where large numbers of Jews would be censured for arrogating unto are gathered together. Beside that, to the firm believer in the Word of God, ourselves the sole possession of the a special importance is attached to the preaching of the Gospel to the Jews, truth and the entire truth for he reads many promises referring to that people and is persuaded that and in some countries the indignation the future of the Church of Christ is most intimately connected with the aroused would probably take the form bringing of the Jews into the Church. The believer in the Second Coming of of persecution." Prof. Goldwin Smith the Lord Jesus Christ is convinced that the glorious event will not come joins the Jews in this obj ection, to pass until the remnant, according when he writes: "In one respect, the to the election of grace from the Jew has certainly a right to complain Jews, has joined the "people for his name" from among the Gentiles. Is . not of persecution, but of it a wonder that he seeks out the Jew and offers the Gospel to him? what may be called a want of religious delicacy and courtesy on the part of c. The statement, "Should he at- Christians. He is singled out as the tempt to Judaize by carefully devised obj ect of a special propagandism by conversion methods, the Jew would sllch societies as those for the conver- be considered intolerant," can not be proved. The Jew judges others by sion of the Jews." himself. If the Jews are perfectly satisfied that their religion is from ANSWER: God, it is their bounden duty, from the standpoint of the Christian, to a. Jewish missionary work, as such, teach it to others and to try and proseis not wanting in either religious deli- lytize them. At the time of Philo, when Judaism was under the incacy or courtesy. It is simply the car- fluence of Greek philosophy and other similar agencies, it did proselytize, rying out of the Great Commission to and we know of no special persecu- tions by Christians which were caused preach the Gospel to every creature, by that propagandism. Furthermore, Prof. Goldwin Smith, the very man for that includes every man and who states that we are showing lack of delicacy and courtesy in preaching every sinner, and the Jew is both. The preaching of the Gospel to the Jews is not a proof of Ollr contempt, but of our respect for them. True Christians love the Jews and, conscious of their great indebtedness to the nation and convinced that some of them will be- lieve in Jesus as the Christ, they try to requite favors received. To the Christian the New Testament is the key which unlocks the doors of the Old, and in gratitude he offers the key to the Jewish people, to whom the Old Testament was entrusted by God originally. The Christian offers to the Jew his most precious possession, even salvation by faith in Christ. Why should the Jew be offended at that?

b. The case of the Jew in being

the Gospel to the Jews, is authority edge and experience to themselves? for the statement that for a period in If they are perfectly satisfied that their history they tried to proselytize their [modern] religion is from God others. and their interpretation of the Old Testament is right, it is their bounden 2. CONVERT YOUR OWN-LET US duty to teach it to others and to try and proselytize them. What special ALONE (Rabbi Franklin, Detroit).- efforts are they making to this end? William Rosenau, L.C., says: "Are we heathen? Have we in any way In what sense are the Jews of tochecked humanity's progress? Have day a blessing to the Gentiles of towe contributed nothing, by means of day? How are they acting so as to our faith, to that higher knowledge, be a source of spiritual good to others? that loftier morality, and that Godlier They can point to no spiritual triidealism, which have lifted society out umphs in modern days. No heathen of the depths of barbarism to the races have been brought out of their heights of human culture ?" An sin and gloom and sorrow by their anonymous English Jewish writer efforts, and in our fight against the cries out, "We have a religion older giant evil of the liquor traffic and than yours, venerable, sacred, pure. against other vices, we scarcely ever Our God is your God, our Scriptures have the support of any Jewish leader. largely make up yours. In our teachings you have a sublime monotheism, b. Is it not true that the lofty moa lofty morality, and out of that rality of the f ewish race, of which the teaching come charitable institutions objectors are so proud, is waning in which are the glory of our time. Why OttY country? Ignorance, degradainterfere with a race like this? Look tion and vice are rapidly increasing around, look at the mass of the hea- among the younger Jewish generathen, the dense multitudes of people tion. Rabbi Schanfarber, in the Amerin ignorance and idolatry and degra- ican Israelite, December 12, 1907, dation; but leave to themselves this said: "Whether we Jews want to recgreat race, or, at least, omit them for ognize the fact or not, it is neverthethe time being from Christian enter- less true that criminality is on the inprise and thought and effort." Madi- crease among us. We may ascribe son C. Peters writes: "Why should this to the fact that we are partaking we Protestants be so eager to wash of the environment in which we live, other people's linen when we have so or to whatever other cause or causes much of our own soiled?" we will; it is there, and something ought to be done to offset it." We ANSWER: a. What, after all, has know that the Gospel is the power of modern fudaism done for the world God to change the aspect of the moral in regard to the most important ques- world, to rectify its· disorders, and to tion, the method of man's reconcilia- dry up the source of all its sins and tion to God! We know that peace sufferings and sorrows. comes through the blood of the atonement. If our Jewish neighbors know c. The fact that many members of of a more satisfactory basis, why are the Church lead an inconsistent life is we not told of it? Why are they so deplorable, and one of the greatest cruel as to keep such precious know1- hindrances to the spread of the Gos-

TO JEWISH MISSIONS

pel; but it does not absolve us from new," The "new creature" has new our obligation to offer the Gospel to purposes, new aims, and new ideals, all, Jews and Gentiles, who are 'With- but the Gospel does not demand that out it. the Jew in Christ forget the glorious d. We can not leave the Jews alone past of his people or cease to love with the Gospel. We dare not neg- his brethren in the flesh. It rather lect our duty in relation to that peo- emphasizes both-the past and the ple. The issue between Judaism and love. At the same time, we assure Christianity is not a light matter; it both objectors, conversion means a is great and infinite. Let us not close complete change of the natural man.

our eyes to the vast difference that b. Christianity offers something bet- distinguishes the Christian and the ter to the Jew than what his Judaism Jew; to the Jew Christ is an impostor furnishes. First, it gives back the at best, who arrogated divinity (to Bible to the people, which, tho the some, he is a criminal justly con- people of the book, are emphatically demned to die)-to us, He is God the the people without the book, accord- Son, the mighty and merciful Re- ing to the confession of C. H. Joseph deemer and Savior, more precious in the Jewish Criterion and other than life itself. Dare we neglect the Jewish leaders. Reform Judaism has acceptance of the challenge which robbed the Bible of its glory as the Judaism daily offers? inspired Word of God and made it 3. CHRISTIANITY DEMANDS AN IM- simply a book of most attractive and POSSIBLE THING FROM THE JEW, WITH- instructive stories. Orthodox Judaism OUT GIVING HIM ANYTHING BETTER has buried it under an immense mass THAN THAT WHICH HE HAS. Madi- of rabbinical sayings and traditions, son C. Peters, bluntly declares: which are considered of at least equal "Proselytism is a failure; you can not value with it. Christianity gives the change the leopard's spots or alter Bible its rightful place and makes it, the lion's skin." William Rosenau what God intended it to be, a lamp objects: "The conversionist must unto our feet and a light unto our change his subject's whole nature, blot path. Second, Christianity furnishes out his entire past, extending over unto the Jew the true interpretation centuries, and recast the philosophy of Scripture and reveals Christ in giving shape to his life." If this were both the Old Testament and the New.

done, he asks, "Can Christianity give It teaches unto the Jew the grounds the Jew anything that is better than of peace with God, for it bears wit- that which his Judaism furnishes?" ness that "being justified by faith, we ANSWER: a. "The natural man re- have peace with God through our ceiveth not the things of the spirit of Lord Jesus Christ." It is impossible God." What seems impossible to the to describe to the natural man the Jew and to Dr. Peters is to us a "peace of God which passeth all un- simple, tho mysterious doctrine of the derstanding," for the things of the Bible, viz., that of the second birth, or Spirit of God "are foolishness unto regeneration. By it man is a new him; neither can he know them, be- creature and "old things are passed cause they are spiritually discerned."

away; behold! all things are become But myriads of Jews who, since the

days of Jesus Christ upon the earth, b. We must expect the disruption of did put their trust in Him and fol- homes and the scattering of families. lowed Him outside the Jewish camp, Christ said: "Suppose ye that I am have borne triumphant testimonies to come to give peace on earth? I tell the fact that in life's days of mingled you, nay; but rather division: for joys and sorrow, of health and sick- from henceforth there shall be five in ness, and in the hour of their ap- one house divided, three against two, proaching death, He did not leave and two against three. The father them nor forsake them, and that Chris- shall be divided against the son, and tianity i.e., faith in the living Savior, the son against the father; the mother gives to the Jew something better than against the daughter, and the daughthat which his Judaism furnishes. ter against the mother; the mother- in-law against her daughter-in-law, 4. THE PREACHING OF THE GOSPEL and the daughter-in-law against her TO THE JEWS BEGETS STRIFE. Rabbi mother-in-law" (Luke 12: 51-53). Felsenthal, in his criticism of Chris- And He also said: "He that loveth tian missionary enterprise, declares: father or mother more than me is "If we say that Jewish missions are not worthy of me: and he that loveth dangerous to the State, we will not son or daughter more than me is not find it difficult to prove our point. worthy of me." Such missions disturb the peace of society, the quiet dwelling together of The Kind of Converts members of different religious bodies." Madison C. Peters upholds that 5. CONVERTS ARE FEW IN NUMBER proselytism "begets strife and ill-will and animosity, and often leads to se- AND WON BY BRIBERY. Prof. Goldrious consequences; it disrupts homes, win Smith affirms: "The barrenness scatters families, drives away love, in- of this propagandism in proportion to stalls hatred." the money and effort spent on it is notorious." Oscar S. Strauss, in Cin- ANSWER: a. The disturbances of cinnati Times-Star, October 26, 1906, the peace are almost always caused by stated: "The very few Jews who Jews, who, embittered by the incen- change their religion do so from evil diary tirades of the rabbis a11d leaders, motives." Rabbi Adler, of London, break the windows in the mission wrote: "Converts are drawn only from halls, persecute and threaten those the very poor, and are won by acts of Jews who attend the services, and bribery." Rabbi Isaac Wise stated reoften do bodily harm to converts. peatedly: "You make bad Jews into These disturbances in themselves are worse Christians." Madison C. Peno reason whatever why the work ters declares: "We have to-day in should be left undone, and are in them- New York and in all our great cities selves not different from the out- men and women who are endeavoring breaks of heathen against foreign mis- to bribe the children of other faiths to sionaries. They rather bear witness join their own by appealing to their against the oft-repeated statement of bodily wants and necessities, and the rabbis that the attitude of the Jews time will come when the Protestant toward Christianity is one of indif- people of this country will be heartily ference. ashamed of them."

ANSWER; a. If these things were

TO JEWISH MISSIONS

true, why do the Jewish leaders con- c. The charge that Jewish converts tinually write and speak against Jew- are won by acts of bribery, is freish missions and warn their people quently made, but has never been against the missionaries? If only a proved. We believe that it is sinful few bad Jews, and even they only by and wrong to use bribery in the Masbribery, join the Christian hosts, there ter's work, and we condemn such ought to be rejoicing instead of com- methods without qualification. Neithplaint in the Jewish camp, because the er Rabbi Adler nor Rev. Madison work of the missionaries would be one C. Peters furnish any proof for their of purifying and strengthening it. unqualified assertion. If they obj ect to the feeding of the hungry and the b. The statements that very few healing of the sick and call that bri- Jews change their religion and that the bery, we answer that our Savior gave barrenness of the Jewish missionary us the example. Nor do we think enterprise is notorious are contra- that sewing schools and evening dicted by acknowledged facts. We classes are "bribery," especially if will not repeat our statements and they are kept open to all who desire statistics concerning this matter, which to attend them and are free. There were published in other numbers of may be some men or women who hold THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, viz., those out bribes to poor Jews to win them of December, 1902, and December, to the Christian faith, but if there are 1907, but we will simply direct the and Dr. Peters knows their names reader to the list of Jewish men of and has the proofs, it is his duty to fame and character who have become make their names and methods known, Christians, which is annually printed that not the innocent may suffer with in the English Jewish Year Book, and the guilty. However, the writer is to the simple fact that Jewish leaders quite familiar with Jewish missions in the columns of their papers are con- throughout the world, and he rejects tinually complaining about the large the statement that Jewish converts number of Jewish men and women "are won by acts of bribery" as a slanwho join Christian churches. But, we der against the missionaries and the add, were the Jewish missionary en- converts. The great majority of terprise of the present day almost bar- Jews who come to Christ may be poor, ren of visible results, could we per- but is poverty a barrier to uprightness mit that to interfere with the discharge and Christian character? of our duty? It is ours to sow the seed of the Gospel in faith and pa- d. Does anyone really believe that tience and to know that God gives the the statement "You make bad Jews increase. If we discharge our duty worse Christians" is true? If Dr. faithfully and prayerfully, we need Wise meant that all Jews who benot be discouraged if the visible re- come Christians are bad Jews from sults seem small. The hidden fruit the standpoint of the orthodox Jew, of the Gospel may be plentiful, and we smile and point him to the estabthere may be "seven thousand men lished fact that the majority of Hewho have not bowed the knee to the brew Christians belonged to the orimage of Baal," tho we discern them thodox Jews before their conversion. not. If he meant that the Jews who be-

come Christians are morally bad, he as good a follower of Christ as the makes an assertion which is contra- Gentile. Yea, we know of some cases dicted by facts. But even if they were, where Jews were deep down in the the Gospel is the power of God, and depths of sin, enslaved to cocaine and by its influence and the grace of God other poisons, but came under the inthe morally bad can be made upright, fluence of the Gospel, were converted so that the chief of sinners becomes a and cured, and became useful memsaint. bers of society and of the Church of Christ. No; there is no difference be- Probably, however, Dr. Wise desired tween the Jew and the Greek, and to convey an idea which has been ex- both can be won to Christ by the prest in the very blunt words, "Con- preaching of the Gospel. verts from Judaism are no good." Now, while we concede that there may Therefore, in spite of the many obbe some so-called Hebrew Christians who are no good, we believe that i ections urged by Jews and Gentiles the more than ten thousand Hebrew Christians now dwelling in the United against missionary work among the States are furnishing an incontro- Jewish people, let us go on in the disvertible proof of the fact that the Jew, charge of our duty with ever-increaswhen truly converted, makes at least ing zeal, knowing that we are doing a work entrusted to our care by our Re- deemer.

THE BIBLE ITS OWN MISSIONARY BY REV. T. J. SCOTT, D.D.

Far many years a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Bareilly. India The power of the Bible as a mis- said: "The entrance (or opening) of sionary agency in the world's conver- thy Word giveth light"; and the im- sion is beyond calculation. Ve now plication is that God Himself does the have some 550 versions in nearly all illuminating. This may be illustrated the principal languages and dialects of by India in three ways: (I) by the the race. What a preparation this for manner in which the Bible is leaven- leavening humanity with the Word of ing the thought of India; (2) by the God. It has been estimated that the way it is permeating her literature, Bible societies at work send out daily which is but another phase· of the 30,000 copies, or about one every same thing; (3) by personal examples three seconds, dropping somewhere of Bible power.

with healing leaves. 1. A Hindu paper is before me, Let us look at this matter from one just from India, the Arya Patrika.

mission field, India. We have six In the opening address of Rosh principal auxiliaries of the British and Behari Ghose, at the last session of Foreign Bible Society. One of these, the India National Congress, at representing North India, in a recent Madras, no less than twelve sentences year sent out 178,883 copies in 23 lan- and phrases are quotations from the guages. What a marvelous Bible Bible. The editor of The Epiphany, leaven this is among at least one-third a missionary journal, takes exception, of India's 300,000,o00! The Psalmist I think unwisely, to the use thus made

BIBLE ITS OWN

of the Bible by a non-Christian. The reading was given in fifteen languages, editor of the Patrika replies thus: in which each one read in his own "If our contemporary means to say tongue. that the Christians have a monopoly of the use of the words of the Bible, 3. Personal illustrations show what no one is prepared to take him upon all this Bible leaven does. Forty his word. We, for ourselves, think, years ago the writer sent copies of that our contemporary must have the New Testament in Hindustani been glad at the use of the Biblical to all the teachers in government words, in the presidential address of schools in the Zila (county), where the Congress, because it shows that he was at work. A year or two later, the Bible is becoming indispensable a Moslem teacher came to the misfor educated India." Thus, in ad- sionary with one of these copies and dresses, discussions and conversations, asked for further instruction in it, one can constantly observe how Bible- which led to his conversion. He belanguage and thought have entered came a preacher, won his entire family into the mental life of the people. to Christ, and some eighty Moslem relatives and neighbors; was in time 2. The books and periodical litera- put in charge of a large district and ture of India, illustrate the same thing has led thousands to Christ. The from this standpoint. One finds every- starting-point was that New Testawhere words and phrases and ideas ment. Dr. Dease, a Methodist misgleaned from the Bible, and perhaps sionary of North India, relates finding used often unconsciously at the time, a man in a region of country not beas to their source; but not always, for fore visited by any missionary, who they often come in by way of con- had a copy of the Bible obtained from troversy. But whether it be as Paul a native colporteur, and had made the said of the Gospel, sometimes, "of people there, familiar with its stories envy and strife, in pretense or in and teaching. He had accepted Christ truth," the Bible is being built into and was instructing his neighbors. the memory and thought of the peo- The case of a native colporteur, ple. Their familiarity with the Scrip- Obadiah, came under my observation. tures comes about in various ways. Belated in an out-of-the-way valley in Many get and read the Book out of the Himalayas, he was entertained by curiosity or intelligent mterest, or to a Hindu family, who took nothing criticize and refute it. I have often from him, but purchased a Hindi been surprized at the familiarity of New Testament. The family read it adverse controversialists with the and in a few months were all baptized, Bible. And then, in quite all mis- father, mother and two sons. The sionary educational substitutions, this sons were afterward trained by me Book comes in as part of the tuition. as native missionaries in the Bareilly Besides, the large work of the Sun- Theological Seminary. Meantime the day-school and the Y. M. C. A. copy of the New Testament had been familiarizes multitudes with the Word. continuing its work. It had been At a recent session of the India Sun- loaned to a family in another part of day School Union in the auditorium the mountain and they also became of the Y. M. C. A. at Calcutta, a Bible Christians, and others followed till

quite a believing community was Brahman magistrate of the place of raised up. I may mention one more the great indignity shown to a sacred case, well remembered from a riot Book, and I said that I could not that occurred in connection 'with it. wound the feelings of his people in In the city of Almora, a young Brah- that way. He had been trained in the man was baptized, who had studied same college, was a fine specimen of the Bible in the college of the London a Hindu gentleman, and replied, "Oh, Missionary Society at that place. The that was the folly of some schoolcollege hall where the baptism took boys and fellows of the baser sort; place was stormed that day, and the but there are hundreds of families windows were smashed and the doors where that Book is reverently read; were about to be beaten down, when and to me it is more than any other the English colonel in command of Book, and regulates my life." Ina fort near by, double-quicked a com- stances can be multiplied to show that pany of troops to the place and res- God's Word in all mission fields is cued the missionaries and the convert. entering into the thought and litera- The rioters then hunted up all the ture of the non-Christian world and Scriptures they could find, tore them constantly is leading to the salvation to pieces and littered the streets with of many souls. It is still a "two-edged the leaves. I afterward spoke to a sword," quick and powerful.

—_._—- REV. GEORGE EDWARD POST. THE CHRISTIAN PHYSICIAN OF SYRIA EDITORIAL Often the height to which a tree has nary in I86r, and became chaplain in grown is best seen after it falls. So the United States Army, r861-63. He it is with men: their true greatness is then offered himself as a medical misfelt only after they have fallen in sionary and went to Tripoli, Syria, death. until the year 1868, after which he took a position as professor of sur- George Edward Post, son of the gery in the Syrian Protestant College distinguished New York physician, at Beirut. This chair he held with Dr. Alfred C. Post, was born on De- growing distinction until within a few cember 17, 1838, and died in Syria, in October, in the seventy-second year of months of his death. * He thus began his age. His life term falls into three natural periods: his boyhood, educa- his professional career at the early tional preparation, and actual service age of twenty-four, and continuously in the foreign field. * The full official record is as follows: "George His period of training was early Edward Post; born, New York City, December 17, completed. After he had finished his 1838; graduated College of the City of New York, course at the College of the City of Class 1854; Union Theological Seminary, entered New York, and his medical studies at 1858, graduated 1861; ordained (Fourth Presbyte. New York University, he was grad- rian Church, New York), June 5, 1861; chaplain, uated from Union Theological Semi- U. S. Army, 1861-63; foreign missionary, Tripoli, Syria, 1863-68; professor Beirut, Syria, 1868-. M.D., University of New York, Class 1860; LL.D., University of New York, 1901, and University of Aberdeen, 1906."

REV. GEORGE EDWARD

labored at his great work of ministry medical, scientific, and mIssIOnary; to human suffering for nearly fifty and his achievements won for him years. His honored father was a many honors and decorations from member of the board from 1873 to European governments. He was also 1886, and provided a fund, part of the interest of which has materially aided surgeon to the Johannuet Hospital at the medical department for many years, while the remainder has steadily Beirut. accumulated until it has now reached It may be well to mention a few of the sum of $70,00o-the whole eventually to be employed, under the di- his merited distinctions as a tribute to rection of his son, for the benefit of his memory and a record of his histhe medical work of the college. In tory. For instance, the decoration of the establishment of the "Maria De Othmaniyeh of Turkey, of the Ducal Witt Jesup Foundation" and its noble House of Saxony, and of the Red hospital buildings a principal factor Eagle and Knights of Jerusalem of was the long friendship between Germany. He was also a member of Morris K. Jesup and Doctor Post. the Linmean Society of London, the The object and details of the plan Torrey Botanical Club and the Acadwere fully discust in their interviews emy of Medicine of New York City, and correspondence. It was chiefly and the Botanical Society of Edinthrough the agency of Doctor Post burgh. Among his works, written in that Mrs. Sage contributed "The Rus- various languages, are: "Flora of sell Sage Fund" for the benefit of the Syria, Palestine and Egypt," "Textmedical department. Book of Mammalia," "Text-Book of Botany," "Translation in Arabic of It is easy to deal in superlatives, but Butler's Physiology," "Text-Book of not always safe. In this case it would Surgery," "Text-Book of Materia not be beyond the exact truth to say Medica" and the "Dictionary of the that, among the whole body of medi- Bible." He contributed largely also to cal missionaries in the foreign field, other well-known dictionaries of the no one name has more deserved and Bible, and to the Sunday School conspicuous luster. Doctor Post, it Times of Philadelphia. has been said, has performed more major operations in surgery than any Such a man can not be withdrawn other one man in the whole mission from the field without leaving a great world. He inherited an aptitude for gap, which no ordinary man can fill. medical and surgical work from his In 1888, at the Ecumenical Missionary famous father, and from the first re- Conference in Exeter Hall, London, he vealed a peculiar fitness for his chosen delivered an address of which it is sphere. He was a versatile man. He not too much to say that no one speech handled the pen with as much skill as before that great gathering made a the lancet, and his tongue was as the more profound impression. Reprinted pen of a ready writer. Beside all his in full in this REVIEW (see November untiring service of nearly a half-cen- issue, 1888, pp. 824-829), it remains tury in the hospital, he was the au- to this day an almost. unrivaled thor of numerous works on subjects prose-poem. As few readers may have access to files reaching back twenty-one years, a few extracts are here made from this pictorial por-

trayal of the work of the medical mis- and stones and sticks fell from the roof sionary. and pinioned her hands in the fire, and they were burned to a crisp. We were He undertakes a series of living pic- obliged to amputate both of them. That tures of such work, and first intro- is not the worst of it. Her husband has duces the hearer to a room in the divorced her. A Druse has only to say St. John Hospital, on a Christmas day, to his wife, "Go home," and with no decked with the usual Christmas trees process of law it is all finished for her. But and decorations, and with some two she has come down with that poor babe, hundred patients present, representing and we have treated her; those dear sis- some twenty nations and all varieties ters have taken that babe in their arms of religious creeds-Christian and and lulled it to sleep. They have read Jewish, Moslem, heathen, Protestant, the Bible to her, and her heart has been Greek and Romish. Here are some touched. And now she sits there before of Doctor Post's scenes, as his artistic that tree, and is going to hear the Gospel tongue portrayed them: of Christ.

That little boy of seven is a Jew. We That man with a long beard and green rarely get Jews into our hospital; they turban is a descendant of Mohammed. are all bent upon externals, afraid if He came from Hebron, is the guardian they come to our hospital that we will of the sacred tomb of Machpelah, and give them flesh which has not been killed has had charge of the bones of Abraham, according to their law. This little boy Isaac, and Jacob, and Sarah, Rebecca, and is very ill; he is so young that they think Leah. He is a very bigoted Mohamme- he perhaps can not be harmed; he is dan, and would not let you go into the not yet initiated into the secrets of re- outer precincts of that sacred tomb, nor ligion. It is the first time in his life look through the bars. He was blind. that he has ever heard the Gospel of He came to this hospital, and the "dog" Christ. he would have spat upon gave him the use of his two eyes; and he will give Just behind him sits an old man with him now his attention as he preaches a venerable presence, a long white beard, the Gospel to him. a turban, a girdle about his loins, and a loose flowing robe-a lineal descendant Again, there is a man clothed in a . of the great Saladin. He is proud of long blue robe; on his head a turban his lineage; but here he is, in our hos- of a peculiar character, and a long black pital, a Mohammedan. A month ago, if veil trailing down his back. He is an I had gone to his house, he would have Armenian priest. He laughs to scorn all driven me away as a Christian dog. But our pretensions of antiquity. His is the now he seizes my hand, covers it with true and ancient Church of Christ? But kisses, and bows himself to my feet. That here he is, to hear of a Church more Christian dog gave him the use of his ancient than his, the Evangelical Church, eyes. He came blind, and now he sees. which Christ and His apostles founded And here he sits at the feet of Jesus, in deed and in truth. with his eyes opened and his ears ready to receive the message of the Gospel. On the right is a Bedouin from Pal- myra. He had a blood feud with some By his side is a woman with a long of his comrades, who shot him and the white veil over her face. You see but bullet entered the chest. An unskilful one eye. She wears a blue dress, and native practitioner wishing to drain the has a babe in her arms; but look at her wound, unskilfully rolled up a piece of arms: the hands are gone! She is a rag and put it in to keep it open; but Druse woman. As she was sitting in it slipped in, and he kept on putting a her house, warming her hands over the rag in day after day, until there was a fire in the center of the floor, some earth mass there as big as my fist. The man began to cough and grow thin, and be- gan to die. They heard of this hospital and brought him all the way from Pal-

GEORGE EDWARD

myra. I laid open his side; I took out availing himself of that great subthat great mass, and could look in and stratum of common thought and feelsee the action of his lungs, and clear to ing which underlies their errors, and the spinal column. He has got well. emphasizing those truths in which all People held it to be a miracle, and it was agree, as the Mohammedans accept a miracle of modern science, and modern science is a miracle of Christianity. That the Old Testament, and regard Abra- man was a Bedouin. He hardly had ham as a great patriarch, and even heard of Christ, except in terms of re- revere Christ as a great prophet. He proach. But he sits here to hear all tells them that the hospital where they about the Gospel. found help and healing is not due to Here is a poor woman, brought down on a stretcher. She had a brute of a German philanthropy, but to Chris- husband, who struck her in the chest, tian benevolence. These good doctors right over the heart, and a great plate of would never have left home but for the dead bone and cartilage had to be re- love of Christ, and he appeals to them moved, and for the first and only time whether they would leave all they love of my life I looked inside a woman's chest, laid the four fingers of my hand and exile themselves in a foreign land over the pericardium, and felt every mo- seven thousand to ten thousand miles tion of the mechanism of the heart-a away but for some adequate motive. thing I never saw or heard of before. And as he touchingly appeals to their She got well. She is here to hear of the deeper selves, tears trickle down the Gospel.

From Jerusalem, from Bagdad, from faces alike of Druse and Armenian, Tuat in the Great Sahara, from Turkes- Moslem and Jew, and their breasts tan in Central Aoia, irom the head-wa- heave with emotion at the story of ters of the Euphrates and the Tigris, Him who left heaven for earth and the from every village in Lebanon, from crown for the cross. Palestine, from Cyprus, from Asia Minor – they are gathered into this Resuming his pictorial word-paint- hospital, and there receive the gifts of ing delineating his experience as a healing. Now here they are, gathered medical missionary, Doctor Post told about this Christmas tree, and there are of a Moslem girl whose wrist-bone the presents on the tree. Each one has was diseased and removed, but the a garment or a book, and the children elbow-joint was attacked and had likesome toys.

The choir sing about the child Jesus. wise to be amputated, and then the Then the German pastor offers a prayer, disease reappeared higher up until life and the English pastor makes some re- was despaired of. He says: marks, and then the doctor-who has held the terrible knife over them when I visited her with my wife, and we they were under the influence of an brought that little choir of children of anesthetic that robbed it of its terrors, the Deaconesses, and they sang sweet who has stood by their bedside and hymns in the corridor. I asked her if watched them through the crisis of the she would like to have me read a chap- fever-stands now before them to preach ter of the Scripture, and pray with her, the Gospel of Christ. and she said, "Yes." I opened Isaiah 53. Her name was Fatimah. Fatimah Then Doctor Post revealed to his was the favorite daughter of Mohammed, charmed hearers how he spoke to this and that name is as sweet to a Moslem motley assemblage of convalescents, as Mary is to us. I said: "Fatimah, who avoiding all offensive references to wrote that chapter?" She closed her eyes their creeds and superstitions, but for a moment, and then opened them and said, "Allah," that is, "God." "Well,

about whom did He write that chapter? have given that miracle to strengthen Did He write it about Mohammed?" their faith? Not one-father, mother, or "N0," she said, "He wrote it about child-of all that community, was taken Seidna Esa-about our Lord Jesus, upon with cholera, altho funerals were passing whom be peace." their door every hour of the day. We left them in a few days entirely at peace In 1865, the cholera was prevailing in with one another. They went out with Northern Syria, and I was in Mount us as far as the Orontes, and they stood Lebanon. We had a community of with us on the bank of that river. We about one hundred and fifty Protestants knelt down in prayer together, and they in the city. Alarmed, they sent a mes- bade us "Godspeed." senger five-days' journey, saying, "Dear doctor, the cholera has broken out in When Doctor Post approached his our city, and we are afraid that we may seventieth birthday, he resigned his be attacked. Will you please send medi- professorship and the Board of Trus- cine, and if you can, come yourself, not tees, in accepting with profound re- simply because the cholera has broken gret his resignation, put on record a out, but the devil has got in among us, becoming tribute to his worth. We and we are in a quarrel with each other, make a few extracts from this meand we want you to come and settle it." morial: I dispatched that messenger with a bottle of medicine suitable as a prophylactic, The board can not permit an event of and cure for cholera, and said I would such importance in the history of the follow with haste. I took with me a college to pass without an expression of devout young man, a teacher in the theo- the profound appreciation entertained by logical seminary, in order to have the the trustees of the variety, extent and benefit of his cOlTnsels in this affair with value of the services rendered to the colthe people. They knew we had come a lege by Doctor Post f01 more than forty five-days' journey into a pest-stricken years. city from a sanatorium where the cholera never comes. That was a granite bed After a preparation of unusual breadth on which to build. I began by taking and thoroughness at home, and of several each one of the brethren apart, and found, years of large experience on the field in to my surprize, that not one of them had connection with the medical and evananything against anybody else, but every gelistic work of the Syrian Mission, Docone knew who stirred up the whole tor Post assumed office in the college trouble. When we had been assured by during the year 1868, when the medical everyone of them that they were ready department was in its earliest stages, to be reconciled, we called them all to- with few students and inadequate faciligether. They had been calling each other ties. He was foremost in laying wise devils and Judas Iscariots, and every and far-reaching plans for the permanent opprobrious epithet which Oriental and efficient growth of this department. speech contains. We read over appro- His professional ability, unceasing devopriate passages of Scripture, asked this tion, wide reputation and generous gifts and that brother to lead in prayer, and have been largely instrumental in securthen asked, if anybody in that company ing for it the commanding position and had anything against anybody else, he constantly increasing usefulness so fully would rise and state it. Not one rose, recognized in the East and also in Eubut everyone was melted to tears. They rope and America. I t is due, in no small knelt down there and poured out their measure, to the arduous services and the hearts to God in prayer and in thankful- personal influence of Doctor Post that ness. the college has enjoyed, for more than thirty-five years, such cordial relations Here was another miracle of the grace and such Christian cooperation with the of God. Not one of that community was Order of St. John in carrying on the stricken with the cholera! Is it too much for the power of God that He should

GEORGE EDWARD POST 90I

medical and surgical work of the Prus- connection with the work of the college, sian Hospital in Beirut. not merely as professor emeritus of sur- gery, but in some line of service that In previous years during his visits to shall retain for the college his rare scien- this country Doctor Post made untiring tific gifts, his ripe experience and his and successful efforts for the enlarge- wise counsel. ment of the medical and the general endowment of the college. Nor has he con- All these facts, achievements and fined his energies to a single department. testimonies show what a remarkable As practically one of the founders of the man has departed from among us. He institution, and as a member of the belonged to an illustrious family and facnlty, he h~s taken a deep interest in was linked with other families no less all its lines of development, and has been valuable to the community. That prominent in devising and stimulating seraphic soul, the late Dr. Arthur methods for the adaptation of the results Mitchell, the Foreign Mission secreof modern scholarship to the needs of tary, married his sister, and while Docthe East; for the introduction there of tor Post was foremost abroad in the the system and life of the American col- missionary work, Doctor Mitchell was lege; for the promotion of a high liter- foremost at home in its advocacy and ary standard; and, above all, it has been promotion. Both these notable men his undeviating and most cherished en- are a sufficient refutation of the shaldeavor to provide religious instruction low notion that it is only an inferior that shall bring the students to a sound class of minds that are enthusiastic apprehension of the truths of the Word over foreign missions. These two of God, and to an intelligent acceptance men stood for the highest intelligence of Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior. and education, and the noblest types of manhood. Either would have Doctor Post has had a large share in graced and adorned any human procuring and preserving our scientific sphere; yet both exemplified that excollection and museums; in obtaining our alted self-surrender and self-oblivion property; in erecting our buildings; beau- that is the nearest approximation to tifying our grounds; winning our friends, the ideal of a man and a disciple. May and, at all times, in public and private, our eyes be permitted to see many like fostering the aims and operations of the them. Both of them were fellow stucollege. He has set an example of large- dents of the writer in his theological hearted and unselfish loyalty that never course and intimate life friends, and hesitated to subordinate personal welfare this brief editorial tribute is, therefore, to the interests of the college. He has fragrant with personal and precious given the best years and energies of his memories of nearly fifty years of close life to this institution, and his name will friendship. always be associated with its establishment and usefulness.

Voted: That while we respect the devotion to principle which has led our esteemed associate to this step while still in vigorous health and undiminished ability, we do now reluctantly accept his resignation, and we express the emphatic hope that he may consent to remain in

MISSIONAR.Y DATES FOR

PREPARED BY MISS BELLE M. BRAIN December 1, 1875.-Death of John Wil- December 21, 1787.-Death of Matthew son of Bombay. Stach.

See "Men of Might in India Missions," by See "Moravian Missions," by Thompson. Holcomb. December 21, 1795.-Birth of Robert December 1, 1882.-Death of Titus eoan. Moffat.

See "Life in Hawaii," by Titus Coan. See any Life of Moffat.

December 2, 1552.-Death of Xavier. December 21, 1849.-0rdination of Ke- kela, native Hawaiian pastor. See "Hel·oes of the Mission Field." by Walsh. See "Transformation of Hawaii/' by Brain. December 2, 1749.-Death of Brainerd. December 22, 1789.-Birth of Ann Has- See "Life of Brainerd,H by Sherwood. seltine Judson.

December 2, 1903.-Death of S. H. Hadley. See "Life of Adoniram Judson," by Edward Judson. See "Down in Water Street," by Hadley. December 23, 1892. – Bishop Tucker December 4, 1829.-Suttee abolished in reached Mengo with Hannington's re- Bengal presidency. mains.

See "Lux Christi," by Mason. See "Eighteen Years in Uganda," by Tucker.

December 5, 1834.-Titus Coan sailed for December 25, 1496.-Baptism of Clovis. Hawaii. See MISSIONARY REVIEW. December, 1903. See "Life in Hawaii," by Titus Coan. December 25, l814.-Marsden's first ser- December 5, 1850.-Allen Gardiner ar- mon to the Maoris of New Zealand. rived at Tierra Fuego. See" MISSIONARY REVIEW, December, 1903. See "Pioneers and Founders," by Yonge. December 25, 1821.-Birth of William December 7, 1888.-Death of Melinda Ashmore of China. Rankin. December 25, 1873.-Corner-stone of the See "Twenty Years Among the Mexicans," by, Church of the Slave Market laid in Rankin; also "Eminent ~1issionary Women,' Zanzibar. by Gracey. See MISSIONARY REVIEW, December, 1903. December 8, 1840.-Livingstone sailed for December 25, 1887.-First celebration of Africa. the Lord's Supper in Korea (seven Ko- reans participating). See any Life of Livingstone. December 25, 1905.-0rganization of the December 8, 1877.-Death of Peter J. Gu- National Missionary Society of India.

lick. See "Christian Conquest of India," by Tho· burn. See "Encyclopedia of Missions." December 26, 1841.-Selwyn sailed for December 9, 1822.-GoodeJI sailed for New Zealand.

Beirut. See "Encyclopedia of Missions."

See "Encyclopedia of Missions." December 28, 1800.-Baptism of Krishna Pal. December 11, 1808.-Birth of John Wil- son. See article in this number of the REVIEW.

See liMen of Might in India Missions," by December 28, 1906.-Jubilee of American Methodist Episcopal Mission in India. Holcomb. See MISSIONARY REVIEW, April, 1907. December 11, 1825.-Baptism of Crow- December 30, 1846.-Bishop Gobat en- ther. tered Jerusalem.

See recent HLife of Crowther/' by Page. See "Encyclopedia of Missions."

December 11, 1897.-Death of George L. December 31, 1806.-Birth of William Pilkington. Thomson.

See "Pilkington of Uganda," by Harford-Bat- See "01d-time Student Volunteers," by Trum- tersby. bull.

December 13, 1732.-Dober and Nitsech- December 31, 1891.-Death of Crowther. man landed at St. Thomas, West Indies. See "Life of Crowther," by Page. See "Moravian Missions," by Thompson. Suggestions for a Program on Krishna December 13, 1887.-0rganization Rama- bai Associations in America. 1. Scripture Lesson: Confessing Christ, Matt. 10: 32-39. See "Pandita Ramabai," by Helen S. Dyer. 2. Hymns: (a) "]esus, and shall it ever December 14, 1773.-Birth of Pastor be"; sung at Krishna Pal's baptism. (b) "0 thou, my soul, forget no more." Gossner. Written by him for use in family worshil. See "Praying and Working," by Stevenson. Krishna's hymn will be found in many old hymn-books and a few modern ones. December 14, 1831.-Birth of Griffith 3. Quotation: "Attempt great things for John. God; expect great things from God."- See "Griffith John," by Robson. William Carey.

December 14, 1875.-Death of Simeon H. To be used as a wall motto and memorized Calhoun. 4. Introduction: A brief talk on caste cus- toms in India would be an excellent in- See "Old-time Student Volunteers," by Trum- troduction to the story of Krishna Pal. bull.

December 15, 1811.-Death of Vander- kemp.

See MISSIONARY REVIEW, June, 1895.

December 15, 1872.-Death of John Ged- die in the New Hebrides Islands.

See "Encyclopedia of Missions."

December 19, 1856.-Birth of Adolphus Good.

See "A Life for Africa," by Parsons.

December 20, 1792.-Birth of David Grif- fiths.

See "Encyclopedia of Missions."

PAL, CAREY'S FIRST

Baptized, December 28, 1800 BY BELLE M. BRAIN, DETROIT, MICH. Author of ·jHolding the Ropes," etc.

On December 28, 1800, the last passage, the two missionaries set sail Lord's day of the eighteenth century, on the K ron Prinzessin Maria, a an event occurred of no little impor- Danish vessel bound for Scrampore, tance in the history of missions. This accompanied by Carey's wife and five was the baptism of Krishna Pal, the children. first convert in India north of Ma- dras of whom there is a reliable rec- Five months later, on November II, ord. As he was also the first native they arrived at Calcutta, only to find missionary to Calcutta, the first Bengali hymn-writer, and the first trophy KRISHNA PAL of modern medical missions, great interest attaches to his story. trials and disasters awaiting them. For six years poverty, sickness and In 1783, seventeen years before, bereavement were the portion of the John Thomas, the son of a Baptist dea- little band, and no visible fruit apcon of Gloucester, who had been given peared as the reward of their labors. a medical education, sailed for Calcutta in the O.t:ford as ship-surgeon in But at length a brighter day began the employ of the East India Com- to dawn. On October 12, 1799, four pany. Soon after his arrival in In- new missionaries arrived from Engdia, being shocked by the awful hea- land, to reenforce the mission. Findthenism he witnessed, he began to ing it impossible, owing to the hospreach Christ to the natives. tility of the East India Company, to join Carey at Mudnabutty, where, as Tho hot-headed, and totally lacking superintendent of an indigo factory, in discretion, Thomas was sincere in he was endeavoring to earn a livelihis purpose and strong in his devo- hood while laying the foundations of tion to his Lord. He was endowed, the mission, the newcomers decided too, with a wonderful power of crea- to begin work at the Danish settleting enthusiasm, and on his return to ment at Serampore, on the Hoogli England in 1792, at the close of a River, sixteen miles above Calcutta, second voyage to India, was able to where the governor, Colonel Bie, who give such graphic pictures of the needs of the Hindus that the newly organized Baptist Missionary Society resolved to adopt India as a sphere of labor, and on January ro, 1793, appointed Carey and Thomas their first missIonaries. By this appointment Thomas, who was designated as "medical evangelist," became the first modern medical missionary.

On June 13, 1793, having been ejected from the East India Company's vessel in which they had taken

had been a friend and pupil of the mission journal. "When you are Schwartz, promised them help and in the middle of your discourse- protection. Here, on January ro, half of them, perhaps, sheer off-some r800, they were joined by Carey, who, more come-a Brahman interrupts with Joshua Marshman and William you, 'Why can not the river wash Ward, formed the famous Serampore from sin?' or some such question. I Brotherhood that wrought so mightily suppose Brother Carey has preached for India's redemption. a thousand sermons to such congrega- The work at Serampore was pushed tions as these."

with great vigor. Schools were At length, however, a day dawned opened by Marshman and his wife when the long waiting appeared to be both for European and native chil- over. In October, r800, Thomas, who dren, and on Carey's wooden press, was superintending a sugar factory at which the natives at Mudnabutty had Beerbhoom to pay expenses while he supposed to be an idol, Ward was preached the Gospel, arrived at Ser- soon busily at work printing the Ben- ampore with Fukeer, one of his work- gali translation of the Scriptures that men, who declared himself ready to Carey had almost completed. renounce his idols and make public Meanwhile the missionaries went confession of Christ.

out into the streets, singly and in When, on November 25, this man pairs, endeavoring to draw a crowd was brought before the Church, he by singing hymns in Bengali-"like gave such satisfactory evidence of a ballad-singers," one of them says. The change of heart that the missionaries Gospel was then preached to those deemed him worthy of baptism, and who gathered, and at the close an in- received him into their fellowship with vitation was given to come to the mis- a joy past describing. "We all stood sion-house for further discussion. up," says Ward, "and sang with new But, tho many accepted this invita- feelings, 'Praise God from whom all tion, and much of Carey's time was blessings flow.' Each brother shook devoted to explaining the principles of Fukeer by the hand. The rest your Christianity to those who came to him, imagination must supply."

month after month passed by without But alas! their joy was soon turned a conversion. Again and again the to sorrow. Wishing to take leave of hopes of the missionaries were raised his friends before taking the step that by some inquirer who seemed deeply would separate him from them, per- imprest with the Truth, but always haps forever, Fukeer returned to Beer- family ties and national custom proved bhoom, accompanied by Thomas, who too strong to be broken. was afraid that if he went alone he It was a time that sorely tried the might be turned from his purpose.

faith of the missionaries, yet notwith- Arriving at the factory, Fukeer asked standing the discouragements, they permission to go to his home. prom- heroically kept on working. "There ising to return in three days. But he is a great deal of patience and self- never came back and nothing could denial required in collecting our con- be learned of his whereabouts. Some gregations and bearing with all their declared that his courage had failed interruptions," wrote Ward, who kept him, but many thought that he had

PAL, CAREY'S FIRST CONVERT

been detained by force or had, perhaps, if I would become the follower of the been secretly murdered. true Gooroo, I should then get over this affliction. I consented to this; he then To poor Thomas, who had worked taught me the first incantation: "0 Kur- so many long years without a con- ta, the moon, the Great Lord, I walk and vert, the disappointment was espe- speak at thy pleasure, thou art with me, cially severe, and he returned to Ser- and I am fed with whatever thou feedest ampore in great depression of mind. me." Some time after I received these But ere long God gave a sure token incantations, the Lord restored me to of His favor and set the seal of divine health, and I became a Gooroo myself, approval on the work. teaching others this incantation and ma- king them my disciples. On the morning of November 25, the very day on which Fukeer wit- In this way I spent sixteen years of nessed his good confession before the my life; after which the Lord sent his Church, a carpenter named Krishna grace into India. One day, as I went to Pal dislocated his arm and sent to the purchase sweetmeats for my children, I mission-house to ask if Thomas would met Dr. Thomas, Mr. Ward and Mr. come and set it. Thomas went at Brunsden, who had gone out to preach once, and as he set the arm he talked the Gospel. Dr. Thomas called to me with the man of sin and its remedy, and said, "Oh! Bengali brother, where and explained that God often sends is the Brahmans' school?" I answered, affliction to men to draw them to Him- "At Bullubpore." He then said he would self. At this Krishna was deeply proclaim glad tidings, and asked me to moved and shed many tears. attend. I consented, and he declared to me and others the tidings of salvation Later 111 the day Thomas and through the death of Jesus Christ. On Marshman called to see how he was that day the Lord was gracious to me. getting along and gave him some of I then considered that no shastra made Carey's tracts. Next morning Carey an end of sin, and that even among the himself went to see him, and later the people of Ghospara there was no proviwhole mission family. As his arm re- sion for the pardon of sin. I began daily gained its strength he became a fre- to examine into this, and to be thoughtful quent visitor at the mission-house, and how to get acquainted with the missionin the course of a few weeks not only aries. accepted Christ himself, but began to proclaim the Gospel to his family and A circumstance now happened by friends. which the Lord showed Himself particu- larly gracious to me. As I was going In a letter addrest to a gentleman to bathe in my tank, my foot slipt, and in Bristul who supported him for by the fall I dislocated my right arm, many years, Krishna gave the follow- I was very much afflicted on this account, ing account of his conversion: lest I should be unable to support my family. A relative told me there was I was a disciple or worshiper of Brah- a doctor at the mission-house, and I sent mans and the Gooroo (spiritual guide); my daughter and the child of a friend and when the latter visited me, with the to beg that he might come and see me. idea of obtaining his favor, I washed his The missionaries were at that time going feet, and took the water and sprinkled to breakfast. Seeing the two children, my breast and head therewith. Then I the doctor said to them, "Why are you was taken severely ill and a person of come?" My daughter answered: "My the Ghospara sect came and told me that father's right arm is broke, and he is much afflicted; will you come and see him?" Then Dr. Thomas came to my house and speedily cured me; and said that the Father chastises the son that He loves.

The same afternoon Dr. Thomas and the two natives before they proceeded Mr. Marshman came again with some to this act. All our servants were pieces of paper in their hands, which they astonished; so many had said that nogave to me and to the by-standers to body would ever lTIind Christ or lose read. In this paper I read that he who caste. Brother Thomas has waited fifconfesseth and forsaketh his sins and teen years and thrown away much on trusteth in the righteousness of Christ, deceitful characters; brother Carey has obtains salvation. The next morning Mr. waited till hope of his own success has Carey came to see me. almost expired; and, after all, God has done it with perfect ease! Thus the door From this time I made a practise of of faith is open to the Gentiles; who calling at the mission-house, where Mr. shall shut it? The chain of the caste is Ward and Mr. Felix Carey used to read broken; who shall mend it? and expound the Holy Bible to me. One day Dr. Thomas asked me whether I The joy of this long-looked-for day, understood what I heard. I said I un- when the first Hindus should break derstood that the Lord Jesus Christ gave caste and take Christ for their Savior, His life up for the salvation of sinners, was sadly marred by its effect on poor and that I believed it and so did my Thomas, who, after hearing the testifriend Gokool. Dr. Thomas said: "Then monies at the evening meeting, be- I call you brother." came frantic with joy and began to manifest unmistakable symptoms of On the evening of December 22-a insanity. Three days later he became most memorable day in the history of so violent that he had to be placed in the mission-a little company of four confinement, and it soon became neces- Hindus-Krishna Pal, his friend Go- sary to commit him to an asylum for kool, his wife Rasoo, and her sister the insane at Calcutta. But at the end Jeymooni, together with Felix Carey, of a month his mind was fully restored William Carey's oldest son-came be- and he was able to take up the work fore the Church, in accordance with of preaching Christ with more vigor Baptist custom, to rehearse the steps than ever. by which they had been brought to Christ. It was a solemn, yet joyous There were, too, serious trials for occasion, when the hearts of all were the converts to face. The news, "nailed to Christ," as Gokool quaintly spread by the servants, that Krishna phrased it. After the testimonies had and Gokool "had eaten with the Saall been given, Carey explained the hibs and become Feringees," created obligations of the Christian life. The the wildest excitement, and next hymn "Salvation, 0 the joyful sound," morning a mob of 2,000 people gathwas then sung and all knelt for a ered at Krishna's house and dragged closing prayer. both him and Gokool to the office of the Danish magistrate. As no charges Earlier in the day, as an evidence of were preferred against them, they their sincerity, Krishna and Gokool were quickly released, only to be again had broken caste by eating with the arrested on the plea that Krishna had missionaries. In the mission journal refused to deliver up his daughter to this entry occurs: the man to whom she was betrothed. The governor now interfered, assur- December 22.-This day Gokool and ing the girl that she should not be Krishna came to eat tiffin (what in Eng- compelled to marry against her wiII, land is called luncheon) with us, and thus publicly threw away their caste. Brethren Carey and Thomas went to prayer with

PAL, CAREY'S FIRST CONVERT fYJ7

and placing a native guard at the gate any other water, and at noon, on Deof the house to protect the family cember 28, 1800, in the presence of from further molestation. the Danish governor and his staff, a large party of English and Portu- Through this prompt and kindly ac- guese, and a great throng of Hindus tion of the governor serious trouble and Mohammedans, the ordinance was averted; but Gokool and the two was administered in the river opposite women were so unnerved by what had the mission gate. taken place that they begged to have their baptism delayed for a time. After a brief preliminary service, THE IIAPTIST MISSION PREMISES AT SERAM I'ORE- THE SCENE OF KRISHNA PAL'S IlA.PTISld Krishna alone had the courage to face Carey, with his son Felix on one side . the ordeal. and Krishna Pal on the other, walked from the chapel to the bank of the A question now arose among the river and then down the steps to the missionaries as to the propriety of im- edge of the water. The mission jourmersing the candidates in the waters nal describes the service thus: of the Ganges, which the Hindus regard as peculiarly efficacious in wash- We began by singing in Bengali; ing away the stain of sin. Some felt "Jesus, and shall it ever be, that its use would imply a recognition A mortal man ashamed of Thee?" etc. of its sacred character; others thought Brother Carey then spoke in Bengali, it would be regarded as a desecration declaring we did not think the river saof the stream. cred; it was water only, and the persons about to be baptized by this act profest It was finally decided to use it like to put off all the debtahs (idols), and

all sins and to put on Christ. After r802, Carey wrote to Fuller in great prayer he went down into the water, ta- exultation as follows: king his son Felix in his right hand, and baptizing him, using English words. Both Europeans and natives laughed After this Krishna went down and was at what they thought to be our enthubaptized-the words in Bengali. All siastic idea of breaking the bonds of was silence and attention. The governor Hindu caste by preaching the Gospel. could not restrain his tears, and almost When Krishna and Gokool rejected their everyone seemed to be struck with the caste, many wondered at it; but the masolemnity of this, to them, new and jority tauntingly asked, "Have any of the sacred ordinance. Ye gods of stone and Brahmans and Kayusts believed on Him? clay! did ye not tremble when, in the What great thing to have a carpenter and name of the Father, Son, and Holy distiller reject their caste?" Lately, how- Spirit, one of your votaries shook you ever, the Lord has deprived them of this as the dust from his feet? small consolation, and has given us one Kayust, who joined the Church a little With the baptism of Krishna Pal, a while ago.

new era began to dawn in India. Next Toward the close of the year IS02 day Carey wrote: the first Brahman was won for Christ. This was Krishna Prasad, a young Yesterday was a day of great joy. I man of great promise, nineteen years had the happiness to desecrate the Gunga of age, who gave up his high caste by baptizing the first Hindu convert and and all its privileges without a murmy son Felix.

Early in January, ISor, the Gunga mur for the sake of Christ, and before was again "desecrated" by the immer- his baptism trampled on the poita, or sion of Krishna's sister-in-law, Jey- sacred sevenfold thread, which he mooni, the first Hindu woman brave wore as the sign of his priesthood.

enough to break caste and be baptized. And at the celebration of the Lord's One month later his wife, Rasoo, and Supper following the baptism, the their neighbor Unnu, a widow of missionaries rejoiced to see this once forty, were also baptized. To this proud and haughty twice-born Brah- little company of believers, Gokool man receiving the bread and the cup was added in August, and his wife, from the hands of Krishna Pal, the Kamal, in November of the same Sudra.

year. "We have now," wrote Marsh- A few months later Krishna Prosad man, "six baptized Hindus, whom we gave further evidence of his complete esteem more precious than an equal renunciation of caste by marrying number of valuable gems." Krishna Pal's daughter, Onunda. The Before the year closed the mission- wedding, which was the first between aries were made glad by the conver- two converts, was attended by all the sion of Petumber Singh, a man of mission family and more th;l.ll a hun- great intelligence and strong charac- dred relatives and friends, who ter, more than fifty years of age, who seemed deeply imprest by the simple belonged to the Kayust or writer yet solemn ceremony that had been caste, which is second only to the arranged and was performed by Will- Brahmans themselves. This was the iam Carey.

first high-caste convert, and after his On returning home, the mission- baptism on the first Lord's day of aries sent the young couple some

KRISHNA PAL, CAREY'S FIRST CONVERT

raisins and sugar-candy that had been few days before, the natives looked on given to them, and some plantains in silent amazement. "This procefrom the mission garden. The next dure," says Marshman's son in his evening they all went to a wedding history of the Serampore Mission, supper given by Krishna in honor of "may be considered as having comhis daughter, which Ward describes as pleted the abolition of caste in the nafollows: tive Christian community. It com- menced with the extinction of all dif- April 5th.-This evening we all went ference of caste in partaking of the to supper at Krishna's. Tables, knives, Lord's Supper; it was further adforks, etc., having been taken from our vanced by the marriage of a Brahman house, we had a number of Bengali plain to the daughter of a Sudra; and was dishes, consisting of curry, fried fish, now consummated by the conveyance vegetables, etc., and I fancy most of us of the body of a Sudra to the grave ate heartily. This is the first instance of our by one of pure Brahminical blood." eating at the house of our native brethren. At this table we all sat with the greatest Tho these first Hindu converts were cheerfulness, and some of the neighbors not without their faults, and often looked on with a kind of amazement. It caused the missionaries much anxiety, was a new and very singular sight in this they were all faithful workers for the land, where clean and unclean is so much Master and won many souls for Him. regarded. We began this wedding supper with singing, and concluded with Immediately after their baptism, Jeyprayer; between ten and eleven we returned home with joy. This was a mooni and Unnu began work among glorious triumph over caste! A Brahman their countrywomen, not only in Sermarried to a Sudra, in the Christian ampore, but in the surrounding counway: Englishmen eating with the mar- try also, and Krishna Pal, Petumber ried couple and their friends at the same Singh and Krishna Prosad became eftable, and at a native house. Allowing fective preachers of the Word. the Hindu chronology to be true, there has not been such a sight in Bengal these Krishna Pal, the first convert, bemillions of years! came an especially prominent figure in the work. His first act, after his Six months later, when death for baptism, was the erection of a "house the first time entered the little com- for God," directly opposite his own, pany of converts, and Gokool passed which was the first native place of away, happy and tranquil, and re- worship in Bengal. After the bapjoicing in the hope of going to Christ, tism of his wife, his four daughters the customs of caste were again also became Christians, and from this broken through. Under no circum- home, once the abode of idolatrous stances were services of any kind per- heathen, there ascended twice each formed for the dead by members of day the sweet incense of prayer and another caste, yet the body of Gokool praise to God. The hymn, was borne to the grave by Dr. Marshman, Carey's sons, Felix and William, "Oh, thou my soul forget no more and three of the converts: Bhairub, a The Friend who all thy misery bore," Brahman, Peroo, a Mohammedan, and Krishna Pal, a Sudra. As they took which he composed for family worup the casket and bore it, singing a ship, reveals a spirit of loving devohymn as they went, to the little ceme- tion to Christ. Translated into Engtery purchased by the missionaries a

lish by Marshman, it was a great fa- trous city, he won the respect of Euvorite, in times gone by, for use at ropeans and natives alike. Writing of the communion table. him in 1812, Carey says: "He is now a steady, zealous, well-informed, and, As time went by, Krishna became I may add, eloquent minister of the more and more concerned for the sal- Gospel, and preaches on the average vation of his people. Tho a carpenter twelve or fourteen times every week by birth and trade, he was a man of in Calcutta and its neighborhood." unusual ability and so fluent of speech that at length, in accordance with his On August 21, 1822, Krishna was own wishes, and at the urgent request stricken with cholera and died not of the mission, he gave up his secular long after. So calm and joyous were employment and devoted all his time his last hours that many who came to to Christian work. take leave of him declared: "It is good to be here. Verily, God is in this In the autumn of 180r, less than a place. Let my end be like Krishna's." year after his baptism, he began to accompany the missionaries on their Of his ability as a preacher, Ward itinerating tours, rendering them has this to say: "As a preacher, Krishgreat assistance, and bearing the na was truly evangelical in his views. taunts and jeers of his countrymen He preached Christ, none but Christ, with meekness and forbearance and in and Christ the suffering, the atoning the spirit of the Master. In May, Savior. He would contrast with won- 1803, he was set apart for the work derful effect Christ washing the feet of the ministry, and early in 1804, of His disciples with the Hindu spirihaving proved himself worthy, was tual guide, having his foot on the disformally ordained by prayer and the ciple prostrate at his feet. His methlaying on of hands. Henceforth he od was mild and persuasive; and the went far and wide preaching the Gos- sight was truly edifying to see this pel. Hindu convert in his simple native dress in the pulpit, pleading with his Five years of the twenty-two that countrymen and beseeching them to he gave to the service of Christ were be reconciled to God." May there be spent in Calcutta, where as the first many more such men in the Church native missionary to that great idola- of India!

WAR AND THE GOSPEL BY HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW Were half the power that fills the world Down the dark future, through long gen- with terror, erations, Were half the wealth bestowed on The echoing sounds grow fainter and camps and courts, then cease; Given to redeem the human mind from And like a bell, with solemn, sweet vi- error brations, There were no need of arsenals and I hear once more the voice of Christ say, "Peace!" forts.

The warrior's name would be a name Peace! and no longer from its brazen abhorred! portals And every nation that should lift again The blast of war's great organ shakes Its hand against a brother, on its fore- the skies!

head But, beautiful as songs of the immortals, Would wear forever the curse of Cain. The holy melodies of love arise.

A CENTURY OF BIBLE DISTRIBUTION IN NEW

BY REV. GEORGE WILLIAM CARTER, PH.D. General Secretary of the New York Bible Society The Bible is the greatest book in rated in 1866. The work instituted in the world, not only because of its 1809 has never ceased, and it can be moral and spiritual influence in the traced through every decade to the world, but also from a purely busi- present day. ness man's point of view. The most successful novel seldom reaches a cir- The New York Bible Society is the culation of over 50,000 copies in a only society having for its sole work single year, but the Bible is having Bible distribution in the city and harthat circulation every day! No other bor of New York. Sixty men, membook compares with it from the stand- bers of the leading churches of the point of sales and wide reading. From various denominations of the city, the standpoint also of languages into compose the Board of Managers. The which it is translated, no other book is Bibles are distributed through the pasbeing circulated among so many na- tors and recognized Christian worktionalities. The Bible is being read in ers of the city, and by special agents New York City to-day in thirty-seven among the immigrants at Ellis Island languages. This can not be said of and the sailors in the harbor. The any other book. work is strictly unsectarian, and no book is ever sold at a profit. The Congress of 1777 considered a resolution regarding the distribution New York is a wonderful city. The of the Bible, and after deliberation, story of its growth and development voted to import 20,000 Bibles for the is as strange as the stories of "Gulliuse of the people. The Congress of ver's Travels" or "Arabian Nights." 1781 again considered the subject of In the seventeenth century Manhattan Bible distribution, and the following Island was bought from the Indians for resolution was adopted: goods valued at $24, and the assessed valuation of real estate on Manhattan "Resolved, That the United States Island last year was over $5,000,- in Congress assembled approve the 000,000. Broadway is the longest edition of the Bible published by street in the world. New York has Robert Aitken, of Philadelphia, and the greatest street railway system of recommend its use to the people of the world, the finest park system, the the United States." largest office buildings. One building alone, the Hudson Terminal Building, In this way Congress, in those early will accommodate 10,000 people, and days, fulfilled the duties of a Bible so- is a city in itself. New York is the ciety before there was such an insti- financial center of the world and has tution anywhere in the world. the largest savings-bank of the world, the Bowery Savings Bank. New The original New York Bible So- York is adding to its population a ciety was organized December 4, 1809, whole city of 90,000 every year. Fourand the present society began as an fifths of the people are foreign born auxiliary in 1823 under the name of or children of foreign parents. That the Young Men's New York Bible figures may not be confusing, let some Society. In 1840 the latter adopted facts be put in a comparative way: the name of the original society, which had ceased to exist, and was incorpo-

There are in New York more Ger- three hundred pastors in Manhattan mans than in Hamburg, more Italians and Bronx, and a much larger numthan in Rome, three times as many ber of missionaries and lay workers Irish as in Dublin, and ten times as who devote their time to visiting the many Jews as in all Palestine. There needy in homes, hospitals, prisons and are more Cohens than Smiths in the other institutions. There are now city directory. Here at once is a vast about one hundred and fifty-seven home and foreign missionary field, pastors and missionaries who are and during the past year the New working exclusively among foreign- York Bible Society distributed the lar- speaking people in Manhattan and gest number of volumes of Scripture Bronx. All of these workers ought in its history, over 151,000 in thirty- to be assisted by grants of Scripture, seven languages. and this help will be given them as far as the finances of the society per- Through this society many strangers mit. have received copies of the Word of God and have become the best kind The chaplain of one of the city prisof missionaries among their own peo- ons said to us recently: "I have never, ple, in our country or in the lands of in my experience, found a copy of the their birth. A Norwegian pastor in Scriptures left behind in a cell by a the city recently told us that from prisoner; but I have received many those who have joined his church in letters from men in Sing Sing or Authe past five years, thirteen have re- burn, and from men gone free telling turned to Norway as missionaries, and of their gratitude for the Testament nine have gone into different States or Bible which they had received here, of our Union to carry the Gospel. The which had brought new hope and pursame day a city Chinese pastor said pose into their lives. I could give you that on a recent visit to his native land a number of instances where the enhe met twenty-seven of his country- tire Bible has been read through by men who had been converted in this prisoners while in the city prison." country, and had returned to China as This work must certainly meet the apmIssIonaries. Five Russians recently proval of all. went back to Russia as missionaries, having accepted Christ through the The New York Bible Society also reading of Scriptures furnished them aims to furnish the hotels with Bibles.. by the New York Bible Society. The writer was stopping at a hotel in New York City where the Scriptures The pastor of a certain large church were placed in some of the rooms. He in New York City recently said: "With picked up a copy and on the front page our corps of workers we can make a read these words: "This little book thousand calls a week if necessary." brought comfort to a weary soul; N0- When these workers visit the homes, vember, 1902." "And to another, Demany of them are supplied with vol- cember, 1903. God in His mysterious umes of Scripture for needy families way works wonders for us all. Praise from the New York Bible Society. The Him." The Scriptures ought to be in aim is to furnish with Scripture every the guest-rooms of every hotel. pastor and missionary in Manhattan and Bronx. There are more than Two missionaries are employed by the New York Bible Society to spend

their time among the immigrants ing him a Swedish New Testament. landing at Ellis Island. The immi- The Swede stopt, apparently startled, grants landing as strangers are open and stared at the worker, saying: to new influences. They see nothing "Weren't you here twenty-six years but unknown, cabalistic signs, and ago? I think you are the same manwhen our missionaries present them yes, you are the same man." The with copies of Scripture in their own worker told him he had been engaged language they are interested and de- for twenty-eight years distributing the lighted. Many immigrants carry the Scriptures to the immigrants and giv- DI STR IB UTING SCRI PTUR ES AMONG THE FOREIGNER S IN NEW YORK volumes so received to their new ing to each one a book in his mother homes as the only book in their pos- tongue. "Well," said the Swede, session. We frequently hear of the "twenty-six years ago I landed here a good accomplished by the Scriptures stranger and you gave me a New Testhus given to these strangers. tament in the Swedish language, just as you offered me one now. I read. A Swede was recently coming into it, and through reading it I became a our country through Ellis Island. As Christian. After a few years I made he landed, a worker of the New York up my mind to become a preacher, Bible Society stept up to him offer-

and for twenty years I have been among the sailors of the harbor. It preaching the gospel in Colorado. It is a fact that more sailors come into all began with your giving me a New New York harbor every year than the Testament." total population of New Hampshire, Vermont and Rhode Island. This mis- Over 700,000 immigrants came into sionary visits about 300 vessels a our land through Ellis Island last month, supplying the officers and year. Not long ago an enthusiastic crews with Scripture. When the public speaker was heard to say: "We steamer Roosevelt sailed on the Arcland annually on these shores a million tic expedition over a year ago she had paupers and criminals." A great on board twenty-one volumes of Scripmany people have this same idea. The ture, a gift from this society. fact is, these so-called paupers brought into this country with them last year A number of centennial celebrations over $26,000,000 in actual cash in have been held during this year, givtheir hands, and only a very low per- ing recognition to such men as Lincentage become criminal. If they have coln, Holmes, Gladstone, Mendelssohn not blue blood, they have good red and Tennyson, all of whom believed in blood, and furnish the labor that many the Bible. It is in this year also that of us could not endure. A few years the centennial of organized Bible Soago the Irish and German were looked ciety work in New York City will be on as the type of the immigrant. Many celebrated by a meeting in Carnegie of them now are prominent in civic Hall on Friday evening, December life and hold positions of public trust. 3, 1909, at which Governor John F. The Italian and Slavic races seem to Fort, Governor of New Jersey and be coming to the front to take the others prominent in Church and place of the old-time immigrant from State will speak. The different Ireland and Germany, and already the denominational preachers' meetings Italians are owning blocks of houses have each already given a Monday and banks, and figure in public affairs morning to the centennial and the imnot a little. By and by they will not portance of this work of Bible distriappear in the trench, digging our sub- bution in New York. December 5 ways and cellars, but will be sup- has been designated as Bible Sunday, planted by others, who will gradually and many pastors of Manhattan and rise as they have. Bronx will deliver special sermons on the occasion. Rev. Dr. Arthur T. We aim to furnish each one of these Pierson will deliver the centennial serimmigrants with a copy of the Scrip- mon for the society on the afternoon tures in his own language, when he of December 5 in the Fifth Avenue lands at Ellis Island. This book may Presbyterian Church. be the most helpful influence in making him a good American citizen and This important work of Bible dis- Christian. tribution among those at our doors who have never seen the Book can not A missionary is also employed by receive too great emphasis. the N ew York Bible Society to labor

L. DUBE, THE BOOKER WASHINGTON

THE ZULUS BY REV. W . C. WILCOX, IFAFA, SOUTH AFRICA Missionary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, or A.B.C.~LF.

I first knew John Dube * as one of that first, then come back and we will a class of Zulu boys at the Amanzim- talk. You know God says, you must toti Boys' School about twenty-one first be reconciled with your brother."

years ago. He was then about seven- This was a hard thing for John, for teen years of age, but did not seem to he thought, of course, that the other be distinguished above the other boys boy was the most to blame. But at for anything, except that his teacher complained that he was obstinate and shirked his work. One day there was a fight in which John was the victor.

It grieved us all that he showed no repentance for this disturbance of the peace, which affected the whole school. Fight and insubordination were in the air, and punishment only intensified the bad spirit. Then we took to prayer, and I was asked to con- duct special services for the boys. We held them every night, and soon there were results. One and another rose for prayers, and I asked all who wished, to meet me alone in my room JOHN L. DUDn for heart-to-heart talks. From that time on there was seldom a moment last he said, "I will do it," and he went when I was in my room that there out with a resolute face. In a short was not a boy with me or one ask- time he returned with a happy look ing for admission. In these talks I and said: "It is all right now." I did not allow any boy to think that believe he dates his conversion from there was any real hope of salvation that hour; at any rate, from that time without confession and putting away on he was a changed boy.

sin. One day I was rejoiced to see Tho not a regular teacher, I was John among the inquirers, for we had asked to take a class in geography, been making him a subject of special and as the subject at the time was prayer. The first thing I said was: the United States, and I was prepar- "John, how about that fight? Have ing to return to my dear native land you made it up with that boy yet?" after an absence of seven years, I "No." made it an interesting study to the "Well, I think you would better do class. Everyone came and begged . * James Dube, the father of John, was the first to go with me to that wonderful land of liberty and light. I told them it of our Zulu pastors, and was a noble Christian was impossible, as it would take a man, whose uncle was the late chief Umquawe. great deal of money, which neither of The chieftainship did not belong to James' side us had. But John said that his father of the kraal, so that the story of his renunciation had left money for that very purpose, of it in favor of the Christian ministry is more beautiful than true. There is no doubt, however, that James was capable of such a noble 'ct.- W.C.W.

and tho we did not encourage him, ber-shop and as a porter on the cars. when his mother came with the full He did not stick to anything very amount of money for his passage, I long, for he seemed to be too amdid not refuse. I told him if he was bitious to make a rapid rise. Most of willing to work, and did not expect the Zulus think that if they can only he was going to find soft-hearted peo- come to America, they can acquire in ple who would give him everything, two or three years what takes us ten then I would take him. His mother years. When John was in the barber- shop, he thought they kept him too MRS. JOHN L. DUDE long blacking shoes and brushing clothes, so one day, when the boss was put him into my charge, and told him out, he tried his hand at shaving and that, as his own father was dead, slashed a man's chin. That was the he must obey me as his father. I end of the barber business for him. advised him to go to Hamptori, and secured a place for him from General Nevertheless, all these experiences Armstrong in the overflowing institu- were a good school for the young tion. But he had set his heart on Zulu. He never went into bad comgoing to Oberlin, where his adopted pany, and when he had earned and father had received his education. saved a little money he went to schoo!. When he visited me in the Adiron- When we reached Oberlin, there dacks, where I had taken a temporary was only fifty cents left of the money pastorate, he made some influential that his mother put into my hands. I friends among the summer visitors. gave it to the young man and told One day he asked if he might give a him that now he would have to work lecture in my church. I consented or starve. His first job was on the after he had written out his lecture, road with a shovel, but. one day of and I had found it very creditable for that work laid him on his back, and a boy only eighteen years old. We he wished himself back in Africa. advertised the lecture and the house Afterward he tried various other oc- was crowded. The people were surcupations: in a printing-office, a bar- prized and delighted, and some ques- tioned whether I had not written the lecture for him. A large collection was taken, and naturally John formed a very high estimate of his ability as a public lecturer. I thought it best to let him have a few more lessons in the hard school of experience, and he afterward wrote me a frank and manly" letter asking my pardon for not pay- ing better heed to my counsels.

After completing his education at Oberlin, John came back to Africa with considerable knowledge that he had picked up in his six years' stay in America. He became a helper in one

JOHN L. DUBE, THE BOOKER WASHINGTON OF

of our mission stations, and married among their own people, and, the way one of the brightest of the first being opened, they came to America class to graduate in the lnanda Girls' and took up a course of study. We Seminary. She was a teacher in the soon heard that they were raising station school at Groutville, and]ohn money for a college among the Zulus, loved her very much; and she loved and the home secretary wrote asking him, but her father was a polygamist me what I thought about it. I loved and demanded the legal lobola of ten John and had nothing but good to say head of cattle as the price for his of his character; but from my knowldaughter. ] ohn had no cattle, and, edge of the Zulus in general, and some A BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF THE ZULU INDU STRIAL FARM AND SCHOOL moreover, had conscientious objections visionary ideas which I knew to be against buying his wife. Now,]ohn among them about a college which was was an "exempt native." His father to be run entirely by themselves, I had had obtained the privilege granted to no faith in the schem~, and wrote my the natives most advanced in civiliza- doubts frankly. That letter was used tion to come out from the operation to oppose Mr. Dube's scheme, but it of native law, so that if they were probably did more good than harm. once married his wife would have the The letter pointed out the danger that same status as himself, and he would the possession of money might turn be freed from the lobola. I advised his head, and that would be the end him to go first to the father and tell of the college. Mr. Plant, inspector him frankly how he was situated and of native education, also told me he his conscientious objection, and ask would give Mr. Dube just two years his consent to marry his daughter to run into debt and give up the enwithout the lobola. He did so, and, terprise. This warning probably to the surprize of all, the consent was helped John to realize and guard obtained and they were married. against the danger.

But both John and his wife felt When Mr. and Mrs. Dube came that they lacked equipment for work back to Natal with the money to start

the Christian Industrial School, I was the most noted and honorable bodies most happily disappointed. I had of scientists in the world, was in never before witnessed in him such Natal, Mr. Dube was invited to deevitiences of humility. His builder liver an address, and no missionary testified that Mr. Dube had wheeled ever received stich applause as he. A stone and mixed up mortar with his collection for his work was taken on own hands for the work on the build- the spot, amounting to $250. When ing. When I sawall this, my heart he prepared an address in Zulu for a smote me and I felt that I had done Zulu society which has for its object him a wrong, which I ought to undo the obtaining of their just rights, the so far as possible. I can fest my mis- address was translated and published take not only to John, but I wrote a in full in the daily papers, occupying AT THE QUARRY- ZULU BOYS LEARNING TO MAKE GOOD FOUNDATIONS letter to the Natal Mercury and ac- nearly a whole page. It is a rare knowledged my mistake publicly and thing to see a missionary address octold how Mr. Dube's noble conduct cupying more than a column, and it had disappointed my fears. is a squeeze to get that much in. When the cattle had been destroyed Since then Mr. Dube has gone on by rinderpest and tick-fever, Mr. Dube with distinguished success and re- did not know how he was going to nown, as principal of the Industrial haul the brick for the new school School, as editor of the Ilanga, the building, but the government loaned only Zulu paper run entirely by the him mules without charge. No such Zulus, and has become a leader of his aid was ever given to any other mispeople. He has obtained greater rec- sion. When this building was dediognition and honor from the ruling cated, the governor of Natal did him class in South Africa than all the the honor of coming in person to give American missionaries put together. an address. Once in the seventy-five When the British Association, one of

19<>9] JOHN L. DUBE, THE BOOKER WASHINGTON OF

years since our mission was started in ability and industry has enabled him Natal a governor has been present at to achieve such success. the dedication of a school building. Mr. Dube's work is only just get- When we consider that the status ting a foothold. He has lately reof the Zulu in Natal is lower than ceived the government grants which that of the lowest negroes in our have long been withheld for no other Southern States, and that there is no reason than that his school was not public office of emolument and trust under the supervision of some white which he holds; that he has no vote man. His scholars were not even alfor any public officer, that he is not lowed to take the examinations of the allowed in any of the cars or vehicles, schools under the charge of missionhotels or public halls, which are used aries. But now his school is on the by white men; that he is not allowed same footing with other schools. Still, to own a gun, that he is not allowed God gives him grace to remain humto be out after nine o'clock at night, ble. Mr. and Mrs. Dube expect to that he is not allowed to drive a beast arrive in America in December and along the street without a pass, that will be available for addresses in he is required to walk in the middle churches, Sunday-schools, and misof the street with the cattle; when we sionary societies. To secure dates, consider all this, and then look at the write as early as possible to Mrs. recognition which Mr. Dube has won Byron Horton, 42IA Hancock street, from the class which holds his people Brooklyn, N. Y., or to Rev. S. Parkes in such disesteem, we must say that Cadman, D.D., chainnan of the Dube the blessing of God and his own committee.

IN THE CARPENTER~SHOP-ZULU BOYS LEARNING TO MAKE GOOD HOUSES

SVRIAN ORPHANS' H Or..fE AT J .ERUSALEM~

THE SYRIAN ORPHANS' HOME A MISSIONARY INSTITUTION IN THE HOLY LAND BY REV. J. H. HORSTMANN, ST. LOUIS For nearly fifty years this institution series of mission stations that was to has occupied a very important posi- connect Jerusalem and Abyssinia. tion' among the forces that are working for the evangelization of the land Heredity and training combined to in which Jesus lived. Beginning amid fit Mr. Schneller for such missionary poverty and great hardships, it has de- work. The spiritual earnestness and veloped an extensive and powerful courage inherited from a Salzburger spiritual and educational influence ancestry had been developed and inamong a class of people not previous- tensified by a deeply and sincerely ly reached by missionary effort. It pious home atmosphe re, while a. boyhas sent out more than two thousand hood spent among the rugged Suabian Christian young men and women Alps naturally strengthened the latent equipped for letting their light shine industry, energy and tenacity that was among their countrymen. From its to characterize all his future labors. inception it has stood for earnest, Passing the required teachers' examfaithful, constructive missionary effort ination in Wurttemberg at the age of along progressive evangelical lines, eighteen (1838), Schnencr was not and the success it has been able to long in achieving success in his chosen achieve must be regarded as the di- calling. 'With the true insight of the vine blessing which always rests upon Christian educator, he sought to reconsecrated and well-directed effort. lieve the dire poverty of the rural vil- lages by awakening and developing Late in November, 1854, the foun- the spiritual life of the people and reder, Johann Ludwig Schneller, with enforcing it by industrial education. his 'bride, came to Jerusalem in re- At the invitation of Spittler, he took sponse to a call from Pastor Spittler, charge of the St. Chrischona Pilgrim of Basle, to take charge of a mission- Mission in 1847 and established a recary training school that was designed ord for unselfish devotion by giving to supply the workers for the Apostel- six years of self-sacrificing and exstrasse (Road of the Apostles), a hausting effort to the training of missionaries without receiving any com- methods. When the seminary for napensation whatever for his labors be- tive teachers and evangelists was esyond his personal necessities. tablished, its work was mapped out on the same principles, and the work re- Owing to the peculiar difficulties of quired to-day of the seventeen stuthe field, Spittler's project at J erusa- dents conforms rigorously to the exlem did not prosper, and Schneller and acting German standards. As a rehis wife determined to engage inde- sult the more than 350 children in the pendently in missionary work among Home receive a very good commonthe neglected rural population, investing the wife's modest patrimony in a JOHANN LUDWIG SCHNELLER tract of land to the northwest of the city and in the erection of a suitable school and religious education. Arabuilding. They experienced great dif- bian is the language generally used, ficulties in gaining a foothold, suffer- but German, French, Turkish and ing many attacks and great losses from Armenian are also taught. the lawless Arab tribes, several times barely escaping with their lives. In 1902 the· educational work was extended beyond the limits of the in- The Syrian massacres of 1860 of- stitution by the opening of a school fered the opportunity for a much- for native boys in the city of Jerusaneeded form of missionary work, and lem, which was followed by one for prompted Schneller to gather such of the orphaned Syrian children as he girls in 19CJ6. These schools are orcould induce to remain with him and train them for a useful Christian life. ganized on the same basis as those In November of that year the Syrian of the Home, and are attended by Orphans' Home was opened and over 200 pupils, many of them the placed under the management of a children of former inmates of the committee of prominent German residents of Jerusalem. Friends in Germany and Switzerland gladly assisted in the support, and within a year the number of children had increased from nine to forty-one. In spite of many difficulties and misrepresentations, the work prospered, and Schneller's faith and perseverance in aiming at the largest possible usefulness was duly rewarded with the steady growth of its missionary influence.

Schneller's training and experience as a teacher in Germany stood him in good stead in the prosecution of his undertaking. From the first the school work was established on sound and comprehensive lines, and in accordance with the most approved

Home. The entire educational de- The industrial feature of the work partment is under the supervision of has now been developed to such an Schneller's son-in-law, Mr. Leonhard extent that it has become one of the Bauer. distinguishing characteristics of the institution. The foremen in the va- It was Schneller's aim to educate rious departments are nearly all nathe children committed to his care in tives trained in Germany and are such a way that they might later he maintaining a high degree of efficiency able to support themselves and thus in their work, and the machinery and exercise a wholesome influence upon appliances are modern in every way. their cOlmtrymen, entirely apart from BOYS IN THE CARPENTER-SHOP OF TH E SY RIAN INDUSTRIAL H OME their Christian training. As rapidly The print-shop, where twenty assistas possible, therefore, the . religious ants and apprentices are employed in and educational work was supple- producing all the printing required by mented by industrial training, the the institution, also handles a great boys and young men being taught the deal of outside work, among which is various trades, while the girls learned a Hebrew periodical for the Jewish sewing and housework. The children residents of Palestine. In the carwere thus taught the value and dig- penter shop thirty-four men are ocnity of labor and at the same time cupied with the manufacture of olivetrained for useful and productive citi- wood souvenirs and with all branches zenship, while all the work done as- of cabinet work. All the interior sisted very materially in the support woodwork for the new Evangelical and extension of the institution. church in Joppa, erected in 1904, was

THE SYRIAN ORPHANS'

made here. The machine-shop and branch at Jerusalem, insured the smith-shop, employing twenty-six services of trained Christian nurses men, has earned an enviable repu- to the former and enabled the latter tation in Jerusalem for the superior to train a considerable number of nacharacter of its work in all branches tive nurses in its work. About forty of the trade. In the pottery six girls are now being educated by the men and a number of laborers deaconesses. are kept busy with the manufacture of all ordinary earthenware The spirit pervading the work is articles. A brick anel tile department well illustrated by the story of a little waif, deaf and dumb, that was left at TIlE GIRLS' SEWING·CLASS AT THE SYRIAN ORPHANS' HOME is being added as rapidly as possible. the doorstep of the Home one winter Besides these a mill, bakery, tailor- morning in an extremely miserable shop and cobbling-shop and a steam condition. There being no provision laundry are steadily employed with for deaf-and-dumb children, one of the supplying the needs of the extensive sisters adopted the poor creature, athousehold. The nearly 140 acres of tending to its wants in addition to her farm land in possession of the institu- other duties. By unceasing devotion tion comprize orchards, vineyards and and loving care she has succeeded in wheat-fields and furnish healthful transforming the wretched and unopen-air occupation and exercise to all. cared-for foundling into a happy and intelligent young girl that gives prom- The cordial relations established at ise of a beautiful and useful Christian the beginning between the institu- life.

tion and the Kaiserwerth Deaconess The way in which the missionary Motherhouse, which maintains a

spirit has taken hold of the children two long and severe illnesses of her is shown by the following incident: husband. and the perfect understand- Some years ago, after one of the regu- ing with which she always entered into lar meetings of the mission class, some his plans and ideas for the extension of the boys and girls asked Director of the work, made her life and influ- Schneller for an opportunity to earn ence an essential factor in his achievesomething for the mission treasury. ments, so that the royal Order of When asked in what way they ex- Queen Louise, with which the German pected to contribute, they answered: emperor decorated her upon his visit "We will go without supper for a to Palestine in 1898, was but a due month if you will give us each day recognition of her lasting services to five pfennigs (about one cent) for the the kingdom of God. She died May food saved in that way, so that we can put it into the mission-box." 19, 1902.

Deeply touched, the director readily By taking advantage of several consented, and no money was ever opportunities for wise investment, paid out more cheerfully by him than Schneller had become able to purchase the sum due these children for their piecemeal a valuable tract of land self-denial in the interest of missions. surrounding the Home. He had done In similar ways the children have, this in the face of great obstaclesduring the last few years, contributed the tedious and complex negotiations about $100 to the treasuries of differ- extended over a long term of years, ent German societies. while the greed and duplicity of Turk- ish officials forced him to pay more Prosecuted thus thoroughly and than a double price in many instances earnestly, it was only natural that the -with charact~ristic patience and dework should succeed, and that there termination, because it was essential should be in due time many hundreds to the success of his plans for the of young men and women in various future. This land was leased in small parts of the country ready to become tracts to former pupils, large numthe nuclei of future evangelical settle- bers of whom, with their families, ments and churches. By correspond- were thus gathered into a constantly ence and periodical visits, Schneller growing evangelical settlement under managed to remain in personal touch the protection of the institution. In with most of his former pupils, thus this wayan evangelical church of 350 continuing to wield a strong and members has grown up around the beneficent influence on their lives. Home. the management of which, as well as that of the older one at Beth- A large share of the success achieved is due to the untiring and lehem, is in the hands of the Jerusadevoted assistance of Frau Schneller. The patient submission and Christian lem Union, with which the Syrian Orfortitude with which she bore the phans' Home, altho in every way inhardships and deprivations of the early dependent, has always cordially codays, the faithful heroism with which, operated. Upon the enlargement and in addition to the care for her family reorganization of the managing board of five children, she carried practically in 1889 with the official sanction and the entire burden of the work during indorsement of the German emperor, Schneller voluntarily turned over all

SYRIAN ORPHANS'

the land he had purchased, asking in dormitory, and under the immediate return a sum that barely reimbursed supervision of a nurse or teacher. Alhim for the actual amount expended. tho this change of method entailed The official title of the board now is great expense, and an indebtedness "Die Evangelischen Missionen im still remains, the very satisfactory re- Heiligen Lande"; its chairman and sults have proved the step a most wise general secretary is Dr. Ludwig and timely one. Schneller, second son of the founder, who has charge of the European office With the establishment of an agriin Cologne, Germany. cultural colony at Bir Salem, in the old plain of Sharon, a few miles south- Since 1885, Schneller's eldest son, east of Joppa, in 1890, Schneller THE CONFIRMATION-CLASS AT THE SYRIAN INDUSTRIAL HOME Theodore, had been associated with sought to meet one of the most pressthe management of the Home, and ing needs of the Holy Land-i.e., a was therefore well fitted to become class of industrious Christian farmers. his father's successor at the latter's The missionary character of the endeath, October 18, 1896. Entering terprise was emphasized by the openfully into his father's plans and ideas, ing of an orphans' home for children he has been able to strengthen and who had to be refused admission at extend the work in many ways. The Jerusalem for lack of room. The increasing number of children-II4 privileges guaranteed by an imperial were received after the Armenian firman, an advantage which was semassacres of 1896–necessitated their cured for the institution at Jerusalem grouping into "families," each with only after several unsuccessful efforts, its own living- and play-rooms and makes Bir Salem a promising rural

educational center. There are now Roman Catholic control, moved the about fifty children at this place. Ir- chairman of the managing board to rigation and intelligent modern meth- make an appeal in behalf of Nazareth ods promise to restore the historic to the German churches of America. plain to its ancient fertility, and there He visited this country in person duris good prospect that the enterprise ing the winter of 1907-08, and bewill soon be able not only to support fore the expiration of the term in itself, but also to render valuable as- which the property was to have been sistance in maintaining the parent in- sold, the needed sum was assured, by stitution. The tract of nearly 4,000 far the larger part being contributed acres, which was at first leased from by the churches of the German Evanthe government, has now been pur- gelical Synod of North America. chased outright. Early in 1909, Dr. Schneller left for Palestine to make the necessary ar- The great prevalence of blindness rangements for the immediate progamong the inhabitants of Palestine ress of the work. The work to be unmade some attempt at relief necessary, dertaken at Nazareth-a school for but it was not until the generosity of boys-will follow the same general Count von Miinnich, of Dresden, who lines as that at Jerusalem and Bir devoted his entire fortune to the Salem. cause, assured an adequate support, that definite work could be under- The Holy Land is a strategic point taken. The commodious and well- in the conquest of the world for equipped buildings erected in 1902 Christ, the key to a vast territory as now shelter about fifty of these yet barely touched only by the adunfortunates. One teacher, herself vance guard of the missionary hosts. blind, who gave up a comfortable The cry, "God wills it," that inspired home with her mother in Germany in the Crusaders of old with sacred enorder to undertake this work, and a thusiasm, is again heard in our day married superintendent, have charge and promises to move the Christian of the Home. world in a vastly deeper way and for a vastly nobler purpose, while recent An opportunity for opening a political events in the Orient-whethbranch institution in Nazareth had er their portent be favorable or unbeen considered by the management favorable to the spread of Christianity at Jerusalem, but the price, nearly -must spur the sincere followers of $8,000, for which a solid tract of Christ on to greater and much more somewhat more than 100 acres, which determined efforts for the advance of had been originally intended for a His kingdom among the people who Protestant orphans' home, but was be- are probably the fiercest and most iming offered for sale in the settlement placable enemies of the Christian reof an estate, could be acquired, seemed ligion. In the spirit of Isaiah 40 : 1-5, prohibitory in view of the obligations the Syrian Orphans' Home is doing still resting upon the institutions at noble pioneer work, and its achieve- Jerusalem and Bir Salem. The great ments will be fully appreciated when possibilities for effective mission work the time is ripe for the manifestation in that region, however, as well as the of the children of God inthe Holy Land. danger of the property passing into

A CHRISTIAN INVASION OF THE LAND OF

BY REV. GEO. C. DOOLITTLE, SIDON, SYRIA Missionary of the Preshyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 1893- The name of Og, king of Bashan, ving the truth of Christ's beatitude, is inseparably associated with that of "Blessed are they which do hunger Moses and the children of Israel in and thirst after righteousness, for they their triumphant occupation of the shall be filled." Their chief concern Holy Land. Bashan covered a wide and delight is to hear and to live the strip of territory east of the Jordan gospel daily. Their spiritual enthusi- River, extending about eighty miles asm is refreshing; and before twenty- southward from Damascus. In Num- four hours had passed, we discovered bers and Deuteronomy is found the that real prayer- and praise-meetings story of Israel's prowess in possessing take the place of the accustomed for- this land. The present invasion in re- malities of other places. We found cent times was "not by might, nor by no demand for the discussion of poli- power, but by My Spirit, saith the tics, or America-nothing but the Lord of Hosts." kingdom of Christ.

Nearly thirty years ago, English Kharaba is about sixty miles south missionaries in Damascus made a tout of Damascus, not far from the ancient of Hauran (a part of Bashan), preach- city of Bozrah, found on all Old Testa- ing the Word of God, distributing ment maps. It is surrounded by Mos- tracts, opening schools, leaving Bibles. lem and Druse villages, and on the Thus Kharaba was visited, a village of south are the nomadic Bedouin tribes.

nominal Christians, on the edge of the This is a wild and lawless region, Bedouin land. The gospel seed found where rifles, revolvers and clubs are lodgment in a few hearts, was watered universally carried. Farmers plow in by the Spirit of God, and bore fruit. gangs, and carry guns on their shoul- At first two or three disciples met for ders. Even in these peaceful ( ?) times secret study and prayer; then passing we heard much shooting near villages years brought more within the circle after dark, and on Sunday evening and their allegiance to Christ was some of our young men were called openly avowed. The aid of a conse- off to arm and do scout duty in the crated American lady with a preacher plain toward the south, where the and Bible woman was gladly wel- Bedouin were reported to be secretly comed, and when a Syrian pastor moving their flocks past the village.

from the Presbyterian Mission visited Historically, this whole district is the town, he received fifty members interesting, as being the ancient realm into the Church, thus establishing the of King Og. We came to Kharaba first Protestant church in Hauran. from Edrei, the capital city of that Last December, at the request of these doughty warrior-king, whose bedstead zealous Christians, one of their num- was nearly fifteen feet long. Edrei is ber, a quiet man of unusual insight, composed of hundreds of stone houses, was ordained in Sidon to be pastor of many in ruins, but the larger number the new church. in good order. Their stone doors Recently it was our privilege to visit swing back and forth as in days of Kharaba, and there we found a large yore, and the ceilings are made of number of Christians who are pro- long stone slabs, carefully cut, placed

side by side, with one end resting on a On the following day a prayer-meetprojecting cornice, and the other on a ing of welcome was held, and after central arch. supper, served in true Bedouin style, another meeting lasted late into the From Edrei our baggage was night. These people would rather packed upon camels, and early on a hold meetings than sleep! Thursday morning we started southward across the fertile plain of Hau- Next day (Saturday, ordinarily deran for Kharaba. As we neared the voted to heavy household duties) town from the north, after nine hours breakfast was followed by the inof slow traveling, we saw it before us evitable meeting-and such a meeting! on a high hill, "a city that can not be The room would normally hold thirty, hid." Mr. Barakat Bishara, the tour- but there were nearly two hundred in ing evangelist of the district, pushed it, beside many outside the door. After on ahead to apprise the people of our dinner the two schools were examined approach. We watched him cross the in Bible verses, chapters and hymns. intervening plain, ascend the steep Then followed another rousing out-ofhillside, and disappear within a gate- door meeting before sunset. After way. Then a great scurrying of mes- supper, hymns were sung until the sengers hither and thither was noticed, court and the roofs on three sides were and soon a line of girls wended their packed. Lantern pictures of Pilgrim's way down the hill, followed by a Progress were shown with an explanalonger line of boys, then men and tion of the scenes. women hurrying to the meeting-point. The sChool children sang a hymn of The Sunday services were all held welcome, and everybody manifested in the open air. In the morning the tokens of delight at this unexpected sun beat down upon our heads, but visit. All assembled in the wide yard, discomfort was unheeded, for the or court, about which are built the spiritual temperature rose higher than rooms belonging to the church pastor the physical. A long service of praise and his brothers. The missionary was followed by a sermon fully threethought that, as usual in his experi- quarters of an hour long, yet the peoence, greetings would be renewed and ple in the court and on the roofs paid the people disperse, but Mr. Barakat reverent attention throughout. The quietly remarked: "They are accus- afternoon service was better than the tomed, upon the arrival of a preacher, one in the morning, for the people to have a service." So an impromptu filled the court and roofs. There were meeting was held, with remarks and no benches or mats, but the stones prayers and singing of many hymns. that had been gathered for a possible school-room were utilized as chairs After supper there was another and pews. Oh, that some American meeting in this same open court, and church, intending to spend $25,000 on after the formal part (when people renovation, would divert $500 to the usually go home) the friends pro- aid of this worthy congregation in tracted the informal gathering till erecting a suitable place of worship! after ten o'clock, and said that be- On the day of departure we visited cause we were tired from the long nearly forty Protestant houses and ofjourney, they would not stay late! fered prayer in each. BY T. H. P. SAILER, PH.D., NEW YORK Educational Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions The word "educational" suggests to systematic development will ordinarily some a mass of facts, burdening the come only from methods that are edumemory without inspiring the mind, cational. or severe mental gymnastics without any practical application. Nobody The aims we can hope to realize will wants to turn a missionary meeting depend upon the time at our disposal, into an academic exercise. We should on the number and frequency of our not rule out inspirational and spiritual meetings, on the state of development values. By educational we mean reached by our people, on the work simply that which lays emphasis on we can persuade them to undertake, the systematic development of indi- and on the material we find available viduals. Can we afford to neglect this? Can we afford to have meetings as subject-matter. A series of conwhich are interesting at the moment, secutive meetings might make pracbut which fail to leave people perma- ticable aims very much more definite nently better? Education seeks per- than anything we have ever attempted. manent results in the lives of individuals. In general, we must aim at develop- ing individual insight, sympathy and In order to make our missionary activity. We wish to stimulate mismeetings more educational, we ought sionary prayer and giving and service, to consider three things: and we shall do well to take up one of these things at a time and to stay ( I) Definite aims. There can be no with it until we obtain results. We systematic development unless we fol- need a self-sustaining interest that is low some intelligent plan. We need not dependent for its vitality on the something to direct and unify our ef- frantic efforts of the pastor. The forts. It would seem perfectly self- reason it does not exist may be beevident that every missionary meeting cause we have never given our people should have a definite aim, but in any definite instruction how to feed actual practise this is by no means the themselves or furnished them with case. Many meetings accomplish any motive for doing so. How many nothing because they aim at nothing. have ever persistently pursued plans They have subjects, but no objects. to induce people to read missionary books? Meetings at which books are In choosing aims we must decide described, and after which they are what will be practicable under the personally distributed, will be a great prevailing conditions. There are cer- help in such a crusade. Let no mistain results which we have no right sionary meeting ever be held without to expect from haphazard methods. a practical and clearly formulated aim. We realize the absurdity of the advertisements which promise the knowl- (2) We need to consider the state of edge of French ill ten easy lessons. development of the individuals with We would grow indignant with the whom we deal. school authorities if we found that children were being given exhortations We must be at heart teachers rather at irregular intervals, instead of be- than lecturers. The lecturer is ocing trained by carefully planned tasks. cupied mainly with his subject; the But because the Spirit of God some- teacher, with his audience. The lectimes works mysteriously we seem to turer adapts himself in a general way think that in religious matters the to his hearers, but beyond this takes laws of cause and effect may be dis- it for granted that they will look out regarded, and that we may look for for themselves, and gives. his thought results of the best quality from poor- to the quality of the material which he est efforts. Some results ought to presents. For the teacher, the center follow, of course, from any effort, but of gravity lies in the personal develop- ment of his hearers, and his personal concern is how to adapt himself to

their needs and secure their coopera- other meetings seem to aim at making tion. As Thwing says: "The lecturer it unnecessary for them to do anydoes his work, and goes. The teacher thing. Those who do the work will makes his pupils work and stands or get the profit. From the educational falls by what they do." standpoint, perhaps the chief criticism Some years ago, I was watching on religious work is that the pastor some gun practise on the New Eng- does too much, and the people do too land coast. At a distance from the little. It is impossible that developbattery were some men with a the- ment should result in people who are odolite, and every time the big guns inactive. Our meetings must set as discharged they watched where the their principal aim the lncitement to shot struck, took the angle, and telephoned over the result. Why did activity. they do this? It was not enough that (b) The amount of the response dethe ammunition was of the best quality and that the guns were carefully pends on the kind of the stimulus. A aimed. The important thing was to meeting that suggests nothing definite score a hit, and this required close is not apt to secure any response. Genwatching and constant correction. erally we appeal too much to intel- lectual motives, too little to will. Many It seems to me that we missionary persons who merely endure hearing a workers are often so taken up with man talk would be delighted to be the quality of our ammunition, that given something to do. It would pay we forget all about the exact location many of us to spend more of our time of our targets. We go on blazing in thinking of the kind~ of service away over their heads, and never stop that individuals are be;,t fitted to rento test where our bst shot struck. der and of the motives that will be Merely having an aim is not enough; strongest in securing this work. we must note how far our efforts realize it, and modify them accord- Weare in danger of forgetting the ingly. importance of spontaneity. One of the most fundamental statements by Prof. Much of our work may be done with Dewey is, "The moral life is lived large, ungraded groups. In this case, only as the individual appreciates for it may be well to separate them in our himself the ends for which he is workminds into parts, each of which is ing, and does his work in a personal fairly homogeneous, and to strike for spirit of interest and devotion to these one part at a time. On one occasion, ends." If a man does not appreciate aim at the business men; on another, what he is doing, he is not living a at the young people, and so on. Then moral life. If he simply drops money we must devise some means of study- into the collection-box without caring ing the effects of our work. Let us what it is for, he is not performing a ask questions as to the results, or moral act. We must lead our people get some one to do it for us. Let uS to appreciate the ends for which they take it for granted that results are are working, and respond in a personal normal and lay it up to the fault of spirit of interest. This is absolutely our methods if we do not secure them. essential to real development.

(3) We must have a knowledge of The best missionary meetings will the laws of development. We can no be those in which our people take part, more hope to violate these with im- but in a spirit of free labor. When the punity than we can the laws of leader plans the entire meeting withhygiene. . out cooperation, and assigns papers or talks to individuals without their (a) Development is in proportion to active response. Not what we do for choice, he is in danger of employing others but what they do for them- slave labor. The perfunctory way in selves really helps them. Some meet- which many papers are read, shows ings incite people to help themselves; plainly that there is no spirit of per- sonal interest back of them. We all

MISSIONARY CHURCH AND THE BALKY PASTOR 93

recognize the complaint, but we do not sionary enterprise is the work of the always rightly diagnose the cause. It church, and our meetings are for the would be a good thing to invite a purpose of counseling together how group to take charge of a meeting and we can best accomplish it. then to help them choose some vital problem to present. In many cases From the educational standpoint, the pastor might need to consult with too much religious work is entirely them as to the subject and the best motiveless. We think that we have ways of treating it, but he should al- very few effective speakers. But no ways preserve the attitude of one speaker is effective without a motive. helping them to carry out their plan. If we studied as much as some secular As long as they feel that the plan educationalists how to appeal to the is their own, they will work in a spirit motives of our people, we would be of free labor. surprized to find how many effective speakers we have. The geography of a meeting has much to do with its atmosphere. Peo- A debate, if well planned, is a good ple ought to be grouped as much as thing, because it gives each speaker possible in the informal way in which a cause to defend. The question, they would plan for a Sunday-school "Which missionary does the most picnic. I have seen a new spirit in good, the evangelistic, medical, eduan audience merely as the result of hitching their chairs out of the usual cational or literary?" has been found stiff order of a prayer-meeting. We most interesting. Impersonations have must do all we can to arouse a social been used with success. Whatever and cooperative spirit. The mis- calls for self-expression from the peo- ple along the lines of the aim is edu- cationally sound.

THE MISSIONARY CHURCH AND THE BALKY PASTOR * BY HON. JAMES A. BEAVER, BELLEFONTE, PA.

Is it possible that a man of God, once he pulled him up and said: who represents Him in the pulpit, can "Whoa 1" He jumped out and lifted join with his congregation in the up the horse's foot, looked at it, picked prayer, "Thy Kingdom come," and up a stone and began to hammer then hold back the chariot wheels of on the shoe. I said, "What's the God's coming? No, I say it is im- matter, Tom?" He said, "Sh." I possible. The man who does that may could not imagine what was the have said the prayer, but he never trouble, but when he got into the prayed it. No man can join in that buggy and said, "Get up," the horse prayer, "Thy Kingdom come," and started off all right. After a while then deliberately throw himself in the Tom turned to me and said, "That is way of the progress of God's chariot. a balky horse. He was just going I might as well telephone to my to stop. I knew it, but I didn't want neighbor, "Come over and help me," him to know that I knew it."

and then deliberately lock the door so "Well," said I, "that is all right; but that he can not enter. The one would what were you fooling about, hambe just as reasonable as the other. mering his foot?"

If I understood men as well as some "Oh," said Tom, "I was giving him men understand horses, I would be a a new sensation." success in dealing with men. I was driving with my son Tom the other Now, my advice to the missionary day with a new horse-and all at church that has a balky pastor is: Give your pastor a new sensation.

*Addresses given at the Pastors' Conference of the Layman's Missionary Movement, Philadelphia, February 12, 1908.

When I was a boy I tried to drive a Let me illustrate: One pastor, who balky team, and of course they would became fired with enthusiasm as a renot drive well. Where they don't pull sult of a trip around the world, is the together, the willing horse has to pull chairman of the missionary committee the load and the wagon, and the balky in our presbytery, and we received an horse besides; and so when the team invitation to come down to a certain balked, I recalled what I heard an old church and undertake, if possible, an man say, "If a horse don't go, kindle organization on the forward-movea little fire under him." If I had that ment plan. We went to that church pastor I would say kindle a fire under on a very stormy evening and discovhim. Make him go. ered that the pastor was away, his father having been taken suddenly ill, We can do that in many ways: but he left word that-the situation was First, pray for him. The Holy Spirit in our hands, to do what we pleased. is the fire he needs, and if He comes, The chairman of the committee was there is no resisting Him. There is to make the inspirational address, and no man living who can resist the it was for me to organize the church power of the Holy Spirit if He mani- on the general lines of the plan which fests Himself in the heart and in the I had adopted in my own church. In life of the individual. All we need to spite of the storm, there was a good do is to open the heart of the balky congregation. After a masterly adpastor, that the Holy Spirit may use him. He needs a new sensation; he dress, every man in the audience who needs a fire under him and in him, to was ready to do something that would work through him, so that he may take time, grace and energy was asked join in the prayer and mean it, "Thy to meet us after the meeting to orkingdom come." ganize the church for foreign mis- sions. Fourteen men, some elders of There is another way. The mis- the church, some trustees, responded. sionary church that has a balky pastor I outlined the scheme, and gave them and can not give him a new sensation, the details. We had a plan that I or kindle a fire under him, would bet- thought was going to sweep that ter get rid of him. church through and through. The church needed it. The five hundred If the laymen take any interest in members had the year before delibermissions, they must let their pastor ately given $9 to foreign missions. We know it, for no pastor can long be reckoned that if the members averbalky if the congregation want to make missions go. aged but five cents a week, it would amount to $r,250 a year. The Balky Church Then the pastor came home-the BY REV. GUY L. MORRILL, MOOSIC, PA. unfortunate part of it. About two months afterward the chairman re- There is no such thing as a balky ceived a letter asking him if he could missionary church. There may be not come down and give him another ehurches' which do not know what missionary talk. Last year that their duty is toward the work of Jesus Christ in this world. A pastor may church gave $r8. The trouble was think he has adequately informed his with the pastor. church about foreign missionary matters, but my experience has led me to A church will measure up to the the firm conviction that wherever a pastor's own personal interest. The church is not doing its full share for church that does not find that its pas- Jesus Christ in the foreign field, it is tor, from the beginning of the year because that church has not been to the end, is heart and soul in the adequately touched by mIssIonary world-wide work of Jesus Christ, will spirit and purpose in its pastor. not follow that pastor anywhere.

PERILS IN PERSIA *

BY REV. J. H. LINTON, SHIRAZ, PERSIA Missionary of the Church Missionary Society We started about eleven o'clock as the news that I was to have a from the Gari Khaneh and began by guard had got about. When we had running into a string of donkeys in fourteen persons on board I protestthat narrow bazaar. There was not ed and refused to travel if any more room for both donkeys and gari were a,llowed on. (carriage), and the donkeys suffered badly. A little farther on we We got to Yazdikhast that evecame into collision with the grave- ning and to Hadjedad next day at yard wall. It was a case of give and 3 P. M. I was anxious to get on to take, the wall lost its "rough corner" Ghaderabad that night, but as every and the gari lost its wheel-guard! one else was opposed to it, and the There were nine of us on the gari villagers vowed there were robbers from there onward, and I felt it was on the way, I gave in. I felt we more or less fortunate I had prac- were just as likely to be robbed by tised the art of sitting Persian fash- day as by night, but Yusuf's wife ion. There was no room to stretch began to weep, and said if we were one's legs. But I am bound to ad- robbed, and stript, by night, we mit it would tax the most ardent imagination to describe the gari as should perish with the. cold, wherecomfortable. I never seemed able to as we could keep ourselves warm in get away from that double iron the sun. However, we stayed there chain, and for variety had a man's the night. I had a strange feeling knees digging into my ribs. And that I was in a trap.

the jolting! I had my lunch at 4 VVe started off about 7 A. M., P. M. "Afternoon tea" at I A. M., sit- changed horses at Didagung and proting on the gari in the moonlight. ceeded. When we had gone about This consisted of bread and no tea. a farsaq I pointed out some objects Dinner I had at 7 A. M. on Friday. which seemed to be moving on the hill opposite. One guard had a field- I found my sleeping propensities glass, and he looked and said I saw stand me in good sted. When I only stones. When we had gone got sleepy my head began to wag about a mile farther we received a about for a pillow. I felt some one royal salute. Bang! bang! The take it in his hands and lay it down "stones" ran down the hillside in the in his lap. I did not resist and I form of robbers, firing all the time. slept there all night. In the morn- The bullets whizzed past us too ing when I awoke I found my head close to be comfortable. The in some one else's lap, but I did not "guard" turned and fled. We jumped remember the change taking place. out of the gari and took shelter in- side it. A bullet struck the ground We traveled night and day to at our feet. We called on .the rob- Abadeh. It was very cold at night. bers to stop firing, it was too hot! We reached Abadeh on Saturday morning about six o'clock and were We were then driven up a valley met by Mirza Yusuf. He had heard off the road and the gari was empfrom Alexander, the telegraphist, tied. I was asked to give up my that I was to have a guard, and so helmet, but said the sun was too decided to travel by gari. I felt it hot, and to my amazement I was was a shame to make a woman and allowed to keep it. Then I was four little children travel so, but asked had I any spectacles? but I they thought it would be safer. did not care to understand this! I There was a great run on the gari, superintended the unpacking of my goods, so as to save the holdall, etc., * From The Church Missionary Gleaner. t Mr. Linton was journeying from 15pahan to Shiraz to undertake sole charge of the work in that town-the sphere of Henry Martyn's labors.-ED.

from being cut open. The Persians When the robbers went away all sat with their heads between everyone seemed in the dumps. I their knees; my servant was begging suppose they had fairly good cause, me to sit down, but somehow I felt but it was no use crying over spilt most perfectly safe. I think I have milk. Yusuf was in a state of colnever before realized what "the lapse! So I first of all suggested peace of God, which passeth all un- having something to eat. Yusuf derstanding," really means. When had a small cooking-pot, a jug and our "guard" fled, it was a very real a bowl left. I had some bread and "guarding of heart and mind" that the remains of a fowl, and a small one experienced. bottle of milk. The latter was use- ful for the kiddies, and the bread The first robber threw my suits and fowl we shared out all round, away-to my joy! Just at the last and we all-fourteen of us-drank moment another picked up the our tea out of that one bowl. Talk bundle and threw it on the horses of picnics! Then I got as many as as they were going off-to my sor- would to come up on the hill, and row! I had a camp mattress of cor- we played games there all the afterrugated cork. They thought it was noon. When it was getting near money and ripped it up; out tumbled sunset we followed St. Paul's exchips of cork! I was busy explain- cellent example and "gathered a ing the mysteries of a clinical ther- bundle of sticks." We had not mometer to one robber when another much left in the way of bed-clothes, put his rifle to my head and de- but I had my water-proof groundmanded where my money was. I sheet, and tho there is not much was not paying any attention to him, 'warmth in it, it kept off the wind. as owing to his mask I did not real- We had an old Hadji with us. It ize he was talking to me. But the was rather an interesting testimony postman, seeing my danger, told from him when he said, "Say what him I did not understand Persian. you will, the Christian is kinder than the Mussulman." Not wearing a watch-guard saved my watch. My fountain-pen they About five o'clock I gave a tip to rejected with scorn 1 They pulled the groom to go to the next village one board off my case of books and and get us horses. He was not very saw only books. They pulled up a willing to go, it was right in the line few books, and still saw only books. of the robbers, but eventually he If they had searched sideways they went. We all fell asleep round the would have found a pair of boots, fire, having eaten the remains of our slippers, some underclothing, etc., food. It was getting on for ten used to pack up the top of the box. o'clock when I awoke, thinking I The Christian Missionary Society heard horses. The question was mafrash (package) they took bodily, whether it was robbers or friends. including all its contents-rugs, As soon as I was certain, I aroused overcoat, etc. Then everything was the others. It did not take us long packed on the post-horses, the driver to load the gari and turn it round, blindfolded and led away. My cam- and soon we were off on our way, era was fortunately left, tho I frank- as merry as children returning from ly said what it was. While the rob- a picnic! Half-way we were met by bery was proceeding, one robber ten of the villagers, all armed, who stood behind us with his rifle at our came to protect us. They were rol- licking fellows and kept the place heads, while the others rifled our ringing with their shouts. When goods. Meanwhile, remembering the road was good they all came on Mrs. Rice's example, I took a snap- to the gari-a crush ! We got to shot. But a rifle behind, and the sun Ghaderabad at midnight and needed in front, plus a guessed focus, were no rocking. not propitious circumstances, so the photograph is not very good.

WHAT A BIBLE CAN DO

At Kavamabad we heard that the Shiraz-also robbed! (It is said that road was stopt and we could not get the robbers have threatened to rob through., so we sent a messenger to every European they meet until the Sivend to telephone to Shiraz for in- European powers compel the Shah structions. We were to get the reply to grant a constitution.) on our arrival at Sivend next morning. When we got there, the reply Nothing further of incident haphad not come, and the town was in pened, and we reached Shiraz on such a shilluq (turmoil) that we de- Thursday about one o'clock, where we termined to go on and take the risks. reported the whole proceedings to the Wernet there the up-post from governor. There is little hope, how- ever, of any action being taken.

.

WHAT A BIBLE CAN DO* A young widow, Mrs. B- of Dublin, have it back in a few days; it is the a Roman Catholic, very conscientious most precious thing I have." and uniform in her religious practises, but continually in unrest on account of For the next few days everything her burden of sin, confided to her con- else was forgotten; the Light shone fessor her inward troubles; and, after into her understanding; the burden trying other expedients, he urged her long weighing on her conscience rolled to divert her mind by going to hear a away, and the Peace of God filled her humorous and entertaining performer, heart and mind. at the Dublin Rotunda, even securing for her tickets for the entertainment. The time had come for the Bible to be returned; but deep in study and Mrs. B- both mistook the hour and engrossed in thought, she did not nothe place, and got into one of the tice when some one entered her sitsmaller halls in the great public build- ting-room and her confessor stood being, stumbling upon a Protestant de- fore her! He noticed both the embarvotional meeting instead. She could rassment in her manner and the restful not get out without attracting much calm in her eyes. notice, and so stayed long enough to hear prayers that surprized her by "Vhat has happened to you?" said their simple approach to God, and to he. "I haven't heard how you liked hear a passage from Hebrews x., the entertainment, and as I didn't see 1-18, which unfolded a new doctrine you at mass last Sunday I thought you as to the forgiveness of sins, accom- might be il1." panied by a luminous exposition and application, and fortified by parallel She had meant to keep the matter references from other New Testament secret for a time, at least, but now, off writings. All this was the opening of her guard, she told the whole storyan absolutely new door of faith and her mistake as to the room, the athope, and left her amazed and com- tempt to leave, the words heard, the forted. book lent, and, last of all, the joy and peace that filled her heart. When the little meeting broke np, she summoned all her courage, and When she glanced at his face, it went up to ask the speaker what book was black with rage! "Give me that he had been reading from. Finding book!" he cried. that the lady had never possest a Bible, "I wi111end you mine," he said; "It isn't mine!" she answered. "read the marked passages, but let me "Give it to me," was the reply, "or your soul will be damned eternally; that heretic has nearly got you into hell, and neither he nor you shall ever read the book again," and, seizing it, • This narrative is authentic, and is vouched for by Rev. Dr. J. H. Townsend, who has issued it in a tract fprm, through the R. T. S., of London.

he thrust it into his pocket and strode message? It was one of those mysout of the room. teries which could never be explained. "Why," she said to herself, "should a She sat, as if paralyzed. That aw- God of love do this ?" ful look searched her through and through; only those born and brought At this moment the servant ushered up in the Church of Rome know the into the room a lady, closely veiled, nameless horror which the power of who stood for a moment irresolute. the priesthood can inspire. Then she Before Mrs. B- could speak, the thought of the man who had lent her other said, "You do not know me in his Bible; his address was in it, but this dress, but will soon recognize she could not remember it and knew me." She lifted her veil, and revealed not where to write. the face of the nun who had delivered the message of cprsing as they stood Days passed by, but her confessor, by the open coffin. once so welcome a visitor, but now so dreaded, did not return. After a fort- Mrs. B- started back, not knowing 11lght or more, Mrs. B- ventured what might happen next, but her visiupon a visit to him, and to make an tor calmed her fears, adding, "I have effort, if not too late, to get back the two things to tell you, and I must be book to restore it to its owner. very brief, for I am in haste. First, forgive me for that awful1ie of mine; Father John's house adjoined a con- I have asked God's forgiveness, but I vent where he was father confessor. beg also for yours. Father John died, blessing you with all his heart. The The door was opened by a nun, who, day before his death he charged me to being asked if the priest were at home, tell you that he too had found forgiveimmediately replied, with frigid man- ness for his sins by that book, and that ner, "Yes, Father John is at home," throughout Eternity he would bless and, as she spoke, she half pushed the you for having brought him to the lady into a room opening off the hall; knowledge of his Savior. I felt the but as she entered she saw there an strongest desire to read what he had open coffin, in which was the lifeless read, and after his funeral I could not resist looking into the book for myform of her confessor. serf; I was fascinated and read more Before she could recover from the and more, and I too have found par- don and peace in my Savior. I have shock, the nun hissed into her ear been studying the Bible for weeks, and these words: "He died cursing you; now here it is"-producing it as she you gave him a Bible, and he told me spoke. "I have escaped from the conto tell you that he curst you with his vent this evening and will cross to last breath; now go!" England to-night, but I felt that I must come here to return this Bible, Several weeks elapsed. One eve- and to tell you that all my life I too ning Mrs. B- was sitting alone, pon- shall bless you for having through it derIng over the events of the previous taught me how to get forgiveness for three or four months. The joy of my sins. Good-by! God bless you! pardon was in her heart, she had We shall meet in heaven." bought a Bible for herself, and had read it daily, and the old errors in A little worn Bible lay on the table which she had been brought up had before Mrs. B-. That little bookbeen one by one renounced; but there without a living voice to expound its was a sorrow which could not be ef- teaching, in two cases, had brought faced. How ineffably sad the brief three precious souls out of darkness illness and sudden death of that young into light. Imagine the feelings of its priest! His last look! His last words! owner when it was restored to him with this wonderful record! That terrible message! She had been so blest, brought into the haven of peace, filled with heavenly joy, and he-why should not the same words have brought him a like

EDITORIALS

AFRICA CAN BE CIVILIZED. HOW? comin gin contact with a root or large The most potent factor in the true stone, I was either thrown some ten civilization of any heathen or pagan feet ahead of the plow or had my ribs country is the missionary. severely bruised against the plow- "Bula Matadi," the "Breaker of tails. At such times, had it not been stones," aft~r visiting many missions for my previous Christian teaching, it in Africa, after being in close contact truly would have "been no place for a with one of the grandest missionaries preacher's son." The plow has its the world has ever known, after study- place in civilizing methods, but God ing their ways with the natives-with- does not send the Holy Spirit through out one word of criticism gives to the its tails, but through the Bible. A world their character as a standard of heathen can plow his best, his straight- what a practical missionary should est furrows only when his head and be-Hone who can teach the people heart belong to his Master. This is how to become Christians, cure their true of other than heathens."

diseases, build houses, understand One must be thoroughly conversant agriculture, turn his hand to any- with the surroundings and character thing." of heathen men before condemning A missionary to the Kongo writes them as lazy.

that after a residence of ten years in In accordance with their religion, if Africa, seeing many missionaries of we may so call it, the women do all the all denominations, his experience is hard work-and they are not lazy. A that the great majority of them reach man thinks it beneath his dignity to up to, and in many instances surpass, work-he has been taught this through even this high ideal. Even denomina- centuries. "That's a woman's work,"

tional differences, except when vastly has been times without number the different, as between Christian and answer to a request for a man to do Mohammedan, have been overcome by a certain work. The missionary has their love and tact. the power to compel the men to work.

These missionaries have kept ever Shall he force him to the labor? But to the front their high calling-the the church bell rings, the every-day, discipling of the people. Appreciating noon-day service begins, "My Father the fact that the native at the begin- worketh hitherto, and I work." He ning can understand only the simplest preaches on the dignity of labor. A of religious ideas, they have taught month later the native takes the hoe them, and so thorough have they or the ax or a spade, and without other become in this that it is a very force than that which comes from his common criticism against the home- own aroused subconscious self, he coming missionary that "he can not works-and better than the woman.

preach, he's too simple." The fault, Again, give him an incentive for work if any, lies not with the missionary, and he works. Hitherto his women but with the too learned critic. Christ have done all the work and have pro- so preached that "the common people vided him with all he wanted. Now heard him gladly." he sees gaily printed cloth, a knife, The missionaries in Africa are beads or salt, none of which his women almost without exception, practi- can grow.

cal men and women, men and women Offer him these for work and work who believed in giving industrial edu- is done. As he grows under Bible cation-but giving it in connection teaching, he feels the need of better 'With spiritual teaching. Doctor De clothing, better houses, and that need Witt says: "I recall my university leads him to work, and to faithful days, when my vacations were spent work.

on my grandfather's farm. There I "Forced to work! !!" Are there learned how to plow and also learned any three words that "stink in that there were times when, the share the nostrils" of men more than these

three? The whole Kongo horror the missionaries' children, but by recrises up before us as we write them. ommendation of the Government ex- No! no! not forced to work, but pert, will be the only Government taught the Bible-then work follows Protestant school for the next two naturally. Again our missionary years, or until they shall be able to writes: "I have had thousands of men erect buildings and start their work. to work for me in the heart of Africa, Mr. Roosevelt seemed to be greatly and never forced a single man to his work. This, of course, does not mean imprest with the work the missionaries that each one did splendid work-we were doing, and spoke as follows in have exceptions even in this enlight- his brief address: ened country." "I am glad to have the chance of And now a word as to the teachings being present to-day to assist in laying of the missionaries. What is more the corner-stone of a building which I simple than the religion of Jesus believe will be associated with far- Christ as taught in the Bible? Why, reaching and permanent good· to the say, "A simple, understandable Chris- people of East Africa. tianity-it's tautology? Weare told that "faith in its true sense, he (the "Your primary work is among the native) knows nothing of." Are we natives, and I am particularly pleased to teach him that with a plane? or that you have devoted yourselves so hammer it into his head? Hark! "It much to the industrial training which is the gift of God." must necessarily be the basis of per- manent ethical and spiritual uplift Will God withhold it from the Afri- among tribes such as those by which can because he does not know how to you are surrounded, altho, of course, build a house? "Faith cometh by hear- there must ultimately also be a gening, and hearing by the word of God." erally diffused rudimentary scholastic But many natives do have faith glori- education. ous, grand, true faith. "He can't understand the doctrine of the Trinity"; "I am also glad that you are not tryneither do we. Does the clerical critic? ing to turn the natives merely into imi- We had no trouble in making them tation or make-believe whites, but are comprehend the fact of the Virgin striving to fit them to go back among birth. If anyone should have asked their own people and themselves act as me, "How can we believe that a child leaders in the uplift of their race. was born without a father?" we would have told him, "You need not." As a "I believe that you have accommatter of fact, the question is never plished and will accomplish much. Of asked-they know there was a Father. course, you recognize the fact that The trouble lies in not understanding there can be no sudden transformation, how a child is born with a father. that many agencies must join in the work of improvement, and that the Finally, we believe most earnestly utmost patience must be exercised, for that Africa, as a whole, is becoming the process will be very, very slow; Christian through the conscientious while cool-headed, broad-minded sansowing of the seed by the noble band ity and acceptance of facts are as imof faithful missionaries working there, portant factors in achieving success as slowly but surely. the most disinterested enthusiasm. THEODORE ROOSEVELT AND THE "It is our plain duty as members of AFRICA INLAND MISSION a great leading race, to help upward a backward race; and the part the mis- On August 4, ex-President Roose- sionaries play in the movement is of velt visited the Africa Inland Mis- the very highest importance. Moresion at Kijabi, B. E. A., to lay over, I am particularly pleased at what the corner-stone of the new school you have done with your schools for building. This school is primarily for your own children and for the chil- dren of the white settlers round about. The missionary must remember his duty to the white settler as well as to the possible aid of one of our missionthe black man. He should strive con- aries. Our usual estimate of ordinary stantly for justice and fair treatment goods sent from New York City is for the native, and he should no less 75 per cent to roo per cent of the make it his constant endeavor to be of original cost for freights, customs and use and of service to the settler. You inland transport. Sometimes it falls can, of course, do most in this way a little short of this and sometimes exthrough your schools, but you can do ceeds it. much, and I am glad to say you have done much, through medical work; "We need thoroughly qualified and I hope also that wherever the op- workers who may undertake at once portunity occurs, you will encourage the work for 80,000 people on one isthe building of some little church or land and three untouched tribes along meeting-house where the settlers, and the shore, as well as for the five or six especially their womenkind, can at stations that are needed at once among least occasionally go to hear service. the Unyamwezi tribes. Mr. and Mrs. I have heard more than one settler's Sywulka are now at Nase and write wife express the earnest hope for such most enthusiastically of their new an opportunity. field. The Government has granted us two of the five stations for which we "I earnestly wish you well in your asked and no letter has come from work. All missionaries who do hon- the Provincial Commissioner at Taest, practical work, whatever their bora to whom we wrote about the creed, are entitled to the heartiest other three. support and encouragement. It will be a great pleasure to me to report to "Word has come that $800 is on the America what is being accomplished way toward building up the work in by this interdenominational mission." that district and God is signally bless- ing both this and the work of Mr. Mr. Charles E. Hurlburt, the super- Stauffacher, who is visiting the colintendent of the mission, writes that leges at home, and we earnestly hope since taking on the new territory the day is not far distant when we transferred to the mission from the may push on beyond the Uganda to Church Missionary Society,* a boat the tribes in the eastern Belgian and seems imperatively necessary. He French Kangas. says: "We are just now joining in special "The plans approved are for a 40 ft. prayer for an unusual spiritual equipboat, capable of carrying about ten ment for all our workers on the field." tons, large enough for our coast trade, and of such a model as would Since the above letter reached us, give the greatest possible speed con- word comes from the boat-builders sistent with the utmost safety. The that the cost for such a boat as is deengine will be made to burn wood, and sired, complete and packed for export the boat will be fitted to carry a few at Bay City, would be $r,230.00. passengers and such freight as is needed for the mission's use. From -EDITOR. estimates now at my command, the cost, apart from freight by ocean and DR. MABIE'S NEW MISSION railway to the lake, would be in the neighborhood of $r,ooo or $r,200. The "The Faculties' Union," an organtransport would probably come not ization representing the Baptist theofar short of this amount, and the cost logical seminaries, has entered on a of putting the boat together a further new departure as to a lectureship on sum, how much I do not yet know. I missions. At a meeting in MacMaster should expect, however, to do most of University last spring, they invited the work myself with native help and Dr. Henry C. Mabie, for eighteen years the home secretary of the Amer- * REVIEW, September, pages 699, 700. ican Baptist Foreign Mission Society, (hitherto known as the American Bap- tist Missionary Union), to undertake the new lectureship. He has accepted, and already com- IS. America as the Propagating pleted the course at Rochester on "The Bed for World-Missions. Basic Principles and Practise of Missions." The lectures have been re- 16. The Task Worth While and ceived with much enthusiasm. His Missionary Competency for it. next course was at the University of Chicago, on "The Place of Missions in THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE WORK the Modern Church," and other seminaries follow: Colgate University, This Chicago enterprise reports a MacMaster, Toronto, Kansas City, year of marked advance and blessing. Baylor University, Waco, Texas; Cro- But of a budget of over $67,000, only zer and Newton, and others probably $1,100 is lacking. New buildings, inlater. cluding men's dormitory and gymna- sium', and women's building, are Dr. Mabie is to remain in residence well under way, and the money for at each institution for from two to their erection in sight; 1,323 students, four weeks, for public lectures and for the larger proportion being men, have special conference with students. been enrolled in the various depart- ments, and represent 31 denomina- We hope this precedent may be very tions, every State and Territory in the widely followed. To take men, who Union, and 19 foreign countries. have long studied missions thoroughly During the year, 70 have completed and practically, and especially on the the two years' course and have gradfield, as Dr. Mabie has, and put all uated. The students are expected to this special knowledge and experience engage in religious work, and 2,918 at the disposal of young students, is meetings have been conducted in the a master-stroke of wisdom from which city in connection with the practical great results are likely to follow. work department, and 3,196 persons have profest conversion. A new de- From the following topics, selections partment has been added for weekly will be made at the various points, as systematic training in methods of needs seem to require: Sunday-school work, under the per- sonal direction of Mr. Marion Law- I. Christianity the World-Religion. rence. 2. Missions Organic to Christianity. We rejoice in this institution of 3. The Fortunes of Missions from which Rev. D. James M. Gray is dean, the Apostles to Carey. and where the old book is reverenced, and the old Gospel magnified. It is a 4. The Missionary Achievements of theological summary of the practical the Last Century. sort, where all knowledge acquired is put into practise in actual work for 5. The New World Consciousness souls. and the Kingdom. THE CHRISTIAN PRONOUNS 6. Present-day Forms and Factors of the Missionary Enterprise. The lesson of unselfishness is the most important, yet the last to be 7. The Regulative Principle in the learned. Missionary Consciousness. The Bishop of Cambridge once put it 8. Providence in its Influence on to his pupils in the form of Christian Policies. grammar: "We have learned to say, First person, I; second, thou; third, 9. The Language Element in the he. But to put it right, we must turn Cosmic Plan. it upside down: "First person, He; second, thou; third, 1. 'He' means 10. Christianity as Related to Eth- God, the First Person in the first nic Systems. place; 'thou,' my fellow man; and 'I,' myself, comes last." I I. The Missionary's Personality, Call and Message.

12. The Distinctive Functions of Missions-Home and Foreign.

13. The Place and Service of Missionary Organizations.

14. The Pastor and the Making of a Missionary Church. .

MISSIONARY

AMERICA Evangelistic Committee of New York Conference on Missionary Education The Evangelistic Committee of New York carried on work during the past In New York City, on December summer, in tents, open air, and shops. 8th and 9th, an important conference The meetings were held in 57 centers, will be held to discuss the various 10 tents, 24 shops, 20 open-air, and 3 phases of missionary education in the halls, also hospitals and prisons. The home Church. Secretaries of Home meetings were conducted in seven lanand Foreign Mission boards, and guages: English, Spanish, Italian, Bo- Women's Home and Foreign Mi~sion­ hemian-Slovak, Hungarian, Polish and ary societies; secretaries and officers Finnish-Swedish. There was a total of national and State organizations of of 1,907 meetings held, at which there Christian Endeavor societies, the Ep- was an attendance of 287,260. worth League, and other national young people's organizations; secre- The cooperation of the young peotaries and officers of the International ple's organizations and brotherhoods Sunday-school Association, the Sun- of the churches was most hearty, and day-school Editorial Association, and several of these organizations susthe State Sunday-school associations; ti}ined open-air meetings in various representatives from the Student Vol- sections of the city. unteer Movement, the Laymen's Missionary Movement, leading pastors, Laymen as Christian Workers Sunday-school superintendents, and other practical missionary workers A most interesting and stirring conamong men, women, young people, ference of laymen, under the auspices and children are especially invited. of the National Bible Institute, was This important conference will open held in New York, November 3d-5th, at II A. M.} Wednesday, December for the purpose of arousing Christian 8th, with an address on "The Past and laymen to a deeper sense of their duty Present of Missionary Education." to do evangelistic work. Many stir- The afternoon session, from 2 to 5, ring addresses were given and it is will discuss "A Comprehensive Plan hoped that the outcome will be more for Missionary Education in the Local wide-spread and definite evangelistic Church." The evening, from 7 :30 effort. The Spirit is calling Christian to 9 :30, will treat "Education in Mis- men everywhere to bear their testisionary Giving." The morning ses- mony to Christ. It is not sufficient sion on Thursday, from 9 :30 to 12 :30, that we pray, "Thy Kingdom come" will be given to "Missionary Educa- any more than that we should pray, tion in the Sunday-school," and the with hands folded, "Give us this day afternoon session, from 2 to 5, to our daily bread." Christ would have "Methods for the Extension of Mis- us make His kingdom the paramount sionary Education." The evening ses- concern of our lives. "Seek ye first sion of Thursday will be left for sub- the Kingdom of God." If we might jects that seem most to need further catch a glimpse of the need, see the discussion. awful havoc sin is making, and look upon the possibilities of an abundant A registration fee of $1.00 will be harvest, our prayers would become charged. Copies of the report will more fervent and persevering for the be sent as soon as published to all who advancement of the Kingdom of God. have paid this fee. Your name has been suggested as one who would We can not look to the trained minprobably be interested in attending istry to carry forward the whole of the this conference. Send names, together conflict of the Christian Church with registration fees, to Mr. H. W. against evil. Hicks, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The National Bible Institute's School for the training of Christian Workers is designed to help men and women to a clearer conception of the

Gospel message and to combine prac- $30,000,000, or about $10.00 per capita tical methods for Christian work, with for its entire membership of over careful study of the Bible. 3,300,000. The scope of the school has been enlarged to embrace several new de- The time is come when this great partments, including courses: Church must take up more seriously the question of world-wide evangeli- 1. For lay evangelists. zation if it would save itself from de- 2. For those wishing to study the Eng- cay at home. In 1908 the Methodist lish Bible. Episcopal Church spent for foreign 3. For those desiring to prepare them- missions $2,015,775, about 60 cents per selves to teach the English Bible in capita-ten dollars per capita for Sunday-schools, Y.oung Men's Christian home missions and 60 cents per capita Associations, Young People's Societies, for the whole foreign world. Is the and Bible schools. proportion equitable? – World-Wide Missions. The courses of study will include addresses by leading pastors, Bible Many Smaller Gifts Needed Teachers, and laymen actively engaged in Christian work. An analysis of the highest 100 gifts to the $320,000 recently pledged to The sessions of the school were the debts of the congregation boards opened in November. For complete is suggestive to those who may be catalog address 156 Fifth Avenue, called upon to lead in similar under- Room 1201, New York. takings in other churches. The sub- scription was led by an individual gift Methodists Studying Missions of $10,000. Nine persons gave $5,000 each, one $3,000, three $2,500, four Nearly 12,000 classes, enrolling $2,000, three $1,500, and twenty-five 141,000 Methodists, young and not so $1,000. There were but four subyoung, have pursued mission-study scriptions between one thousand and courses within a decade. Every year's five hundred. Forty-six persons subenlistment records an increase over scribed each the latter sum. Less the preceding registration. The rea- than one hundred persons gave in son is not far to seek. The managers the aggregate $128,000. The reare providing more attractive books; mainder, $200,000, was given mostly from experience they have learned in small sums by nearly 10,000 indihow to train leaders, and the successes viduals. The great gifts are helpful, have made the cause of good repute. but it is the multitude of smaller gifts One who enters a mission-study class that brings success in any such unis sure to read at least one good book. dertaking.-Christian Advocate. His horizon will be broadened, and he Two Churches in the Forward Movemen of can scarcely fail to become acquainted The First Presbyterian Church, with some the leaders of the race.- Wilmington, Del., which last year Christian Advocate. reached $19 per capita, and is support- ing a whole station in China, publishes A Clarion Call to Methodists weekly in the church leaflet latest news from their station with the result Through the board of home mis- that the very names of the native sions and church extension all may go workers and of the street chapels are into every destitute rural region and household words to this congregation. into every great city in the home land, This church, not yet satisfied, is planand through the board of foreign mis- ning a canvass to reach every member. sions into every heathen, pagan and The smallest subscription received is Mohammedan land on the earth. The two cents a week. Methodist Episcopal Church has gone into all parts of the home land and has In a Texas church a young ladies' driven the frontier across the continent society of 27 members had never given into the Pacific Ocean. It has established itself in every rural region and in every town and city. In 19o8 it expended in the United States more than

I909J GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

anything to the cause. They decided Our Hebrew Fellow Citizens that 27 of the members should be givers. At 6 P. M. the following day It is said that the total number of pledges from the 27 members had Jews in the United States is now not been secured, varying from 2 cents to less than 1,600,000, and may reach a 50 cents a week, totaling $150. The total of 2,000,000. There are about largest pledge was made by a seam- 1,000,000 Jews in New York City, stress. 180,000 in Chicago, and 100,000 in Philadelphia. Several other Ameri- Apportionment Plan Succeeds can cities contain from 30,000 to 80,- 000 Jews. Throughout the South in The Episcopal Mission Board re- the largest towns the Jews are coming ports the succeSS of the plan of appor- to exercise no mean influence as factionment in its financial system. May I tors in the business world, and the pothe increase was but $7,700, but by sitions of influence occupied by many June 1 it had risen to $27,000, July 1 of the people gives the race a power to $73,000, and August 1 to $97,700. far beyond what might be indicated by The increase is from all sources; $50,- its numbers. It is said that there are 000 from churches, $20,000 from the about 3,000 Jewish lawyers and 1,000 "Voman's Auxiliary, $12,000 from the Jewish physicians in New York City. Auxiliary's united offering, $9,000 Jews own some of the greatest daily from Sunday-schools and $8,000 from papers in the country, such as the other sources. Philadelphia Public Ledger, The New York Times, World, and Press, The Baptists Give Ear! St. Louis Post-Dispatch, and the Chat- tanooga Times. Enclosed in a red-and-white striped Chinese envelop, a petition comes A Call for Volunteer. from the Chinese Christians of Rangoon. It is addrest thus: To the Student Volunteer Move- ment has come the call for 351 mis- Letter please give America, Boston, sionaries. The appeal is made by 38 United States, Baptized Union (Gather- societies representing almost every deing of Pastors and People), from Burma, nomination. Among those needed to Rangoon, sent: Dear Brothers and Sis- fill the positions are ministers, phyters: Grace and peace to you from God sicians and teachers (both men and the Father and Jesus Christ the Savior. women), nurses, printers, carpenters, stenographers and busi,ness men. China The Chinese Christians thank the needs 120 workers; India 60, Japan American Baptist Mission for all the 56, Africa 19, Turkey and Asia Minor help given us from 1899 until now-ten years. All Chinese Christians here num- 14· ber 64. In Rangoon are 16,500 Chinese, of whom 4,000 are women. In all Burma Southern Presbyterians Astir about 83,000 Chinese, of whom 20,000 are women. These Chinese now do some The Southern Presbyterian Church, like English people do, but not come with contributions for foreign mis- Christians yet, but do not hurt Chris- sions last year of considerably over a tians now. In Rangoon three boys' dollar for each member, apparently Chinese day-schools, and one girls' day- stands second only to the Moravians school. The Chinese Christians every in the scale of its missionary giving, day very sorry because few Christians and yet it is by no means content, but are not strong. How we Christians proposes to increase by nearly 50 per all pray to God for a missionary from cent the scale of its work next year. the Baptist Union of America. If this This year, the contributions were year the missionary come, good. If mis- $412,000, a gain of $88,000 over last sionary not married, good; if got wife year. The Assembly, which recently very good, because very plenty Chinese met at Savannah, has asked the Southwomen got here. ern Presbyterians for $600,000 next year. Twenty-nine new missionaries God Father, God Son, God Holy Ghost give blessing to you. 1909 year, July 4 day, Sunday, from Burma, Rangoon Chinese Mission.-(Signed) Pastor and Six Members.

were sent out during the year to for- Laren, who has just returned from eign fields. The Southern Presbyte- Scotland, engaged about twice that rians maintain work in the Kongo number to come out to labor in the Free State, in Brazil, Cuba, Mexico, mission fields of the West and North. Japan, China and Korea. He interviewed a great many young men and chose these. They will give An Apostle of the Lumber Camps a year or a year and a half to home mission work, and will then carryon Harper's Magazine for July gives their studies at Winnipeg or Vancouthe place of honor to an account by ver, with mission work between terms, Norman Duncan of a minister to the until they complete their course for the logging camps of Minnesota, under ministry. They impress one favorably the title, "Higgins-A Man's Chris- as good, earnest young men, who wiIl tian." The hero is a Presbyterian give a good account of themselves in preacher who spends his life in the future years. service of the lumbermen, visits them, preaches to them, writes their letters, There are great opportunities, both fights for or with them, as the case at home and abroad, never were greatdemands, pulls them out of the hell of er, for men who wish to invest their their own unbridled indulgences, and lives where they will count for most. opens heaven to them on their death- -Presbyterian Record. beds. The sketch well deserves wide reading. It brings warmth of heart A Disciples Centennial to know that such a witness for Christ is busy in the camps. Nor is he the The Centennial Convention of the only one, tho God does not repeat His Christian Church in Pittsburg, from messengers, and there is probably no October 11th to 19th, was an impressone just like him. But in Mr. Dun- ive assemblage of fifty thousand peocan's search for contrasts to heighten ple. A communion service was held the lights and shadows of his picture in the open air for over twenty-five he goes not merely to the dives and thousand people. This denomination saloons of the villages to which the to-day includes some two miIlion ad- "lumberjacks" resort after their pay- herents. day, but also to the city pulpits. "One inevitably wonders," says Mr. Duncan, When Alexander Campbell, a native "what would happen if some minister of Ireland, came from Glasgow to of the cities denounced from his pul- America, he found that his father, who pit in these frank and indignantly had preceded him, had been disciplined righteous terms the flagrant sinners because, as minister of one brand of and hypocrites of his congregation. Presbyterian Church, he had invited What polite catastrophe would befall to the communion table Presbyterians him ?" The best city ministers are no of another brand. Alexander Campmore cowards than Higgins-the bell had already been animated with man's Christian. Sin is not flagrant, the intention of spreading the spirit of however much it may be deep, in most liberty among the churches, and he of their congregations. There Hig- found his father ready to join him. Togins has the advantage for plain speak- gether these two Campbells urged ing. We share to the full Mr. Dun- among the Presbyterians the adoption can's admiration for such a man as his of a platform accepting "the Word of hero.-The Congregationalist. God without note or comment," and the adoption of the name "Christian" .. Harvesters" for the West without qualification. Because Alex- ander Campbell and his colleagues did Not harvesters of wheat but of men, not find in the New Testament any 20 of them, passed through Montreal command establishing infant baptism, to-day, 27th September, on their way they insisted that the only valid bapto the Northwest. And there are tism was adult immersion. more to follow, for Dr. E. D. Mc- The term "Christian" or "Disciple," once adopted as a protest against sec-

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

tarianism, has, by force of circum- EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN stances, become the name of a very distinct and powerful denomination, Strain on Missionary Fund. and immersion, adopted as a liberalizing practise, became in time a bar- It is instructive to note the reminder rier against others who were equally given in the newly-published report of entitled to the name Christian. the London Missionary Society that the present severe strain on the funds The fact that the days of sectarian practically constitutes a parallel to the warfare are passing is due in no small state of affairs thirty years ago. The degree to the influence which Campbell fact that now the income is twice as set in motion, and to the existence of large as it was in 1879 shows how the denomination which, tracing its de- completely the difficulties then experiscent from him, has existed for a hun- enced were overcome, and affords endred years without a formal creed and couragement to hope that brighter with remarkable freedom of organiza- days and forward movements are yet tion, combined with striking unity of in store for the society. Further, it feeling. is to be noted with deep satisfaction that the drastic measure of seeking to Presbyterians in Porto Rico retrench on expenditure during the current year to the extent of 15,000 Rev. C. L. Thompson writes in the has been rendered unnecessary, tho Assembly Herald: the prospect that a reduction even larger may be necessary during the Within the last eight years we have year 19IO-11 has not been removed.- built 8 churches, costing from three to London Christian. ten thousand dollars each, and several chapels varying in cost from two to The Oldest Society Still Vigorous eight hundred dollars each. We have also erected 7 manses, 5 hospital build- At the last annual meeting of the ings, and purchased a large and commo- Baptist Missionary Society it was redious building for a girls' school. The ported out of debt, and the receipts value of our property much exceeds showed an increase of $10,000 above $100,000. Our organized churches now the year preceding. The reports from number 26, with a membership of about the Kongo showed 467 baptisms. 2,600, and our missionaries are preach- Search is being made for a place to ing the Gospel at nearly 100 stations. establish a mission in Brazil. The The Woman's Board maintains 7 schools, fields in which the society is interested one of them the Colegio Americano, a comprize a population of 54,000,000. school of eight grades and reaching with The society estimates that it needs Gospel truth many of the influential fam- 1,080 ordained ministers, and that its ilies of Mayaguez. This board also main- annual expenditures should be $2,700,- tains the Presbyterian Hospital at San 000. This was the one hundred and Juan. seventeenth annual meeting.

A Plea for a Mexican School The Fruits of Hudson T~lor's Toil Catholic husbands for Christian In the China Inland Mission, which girls will never rest in evangelizing in was commenced forty-four years ago, this generation the 500,000 souls in there are now 928 foreign missionaries Mexico for which we are responsible. residing at 210 stations. During the Without the Boys' School our Mexico past year, 45 new workers joined the boys must finish their education at mission, 3 missionaries died, and 14 Catholic schools. That will mean retired. Since the commencement of Catholic men, and our Christian Mexi- the mission, 30,000 Chinese have been can girls selected by them as wives will received into church fellowship, and of also unite with the Catholics; $4,- these, more than 21,000 survive. Dur- 853.21 of the $IO,OOO needed for the ing the year 1908, 2,507 were received Boys' School has been received. When into fellowship. the Christian religion changes Mexi- can boys from bartenders to evangelists, should we not give them at least $10,000 for a boys' school ?-Presbyterian of the South. New C. M. S. Missionaries the Lutheran Church in that country was frozen with formalism, but the The Church Missionary Society is time came when it was the subject of sending out during these months no a blest revival, and now it is, like the less than 175 missionaries, and to 17 Lutheran Church in Denmark, with its foreign fields, 40 going out for the famous "Indre Mission," or Inner first time. All but 17 are "own mis- Mission in many of the congregations, sionaries"; i.e.) are supported by in- not only tolerant, but even propitious dividuals or individual churches. to Nonconformist movements.-Hom- iletic Review. For Special Work Among Moslems Norwegian Bequests to Missions The Church Missionary Society is now expending about $175,000 in The Norwegian newspapers chronpurely Moslem lands, and besides, not icle a large gift to missions. Comless than $100,000 in India for work mander Foyn, who in his lifetime was which is mainly among Moslems; a a generous supporter of foreign work, total of $275,000. And still further, it has in his will given the sum of three seems likely that a special Moslem million kroner (about $800,000) to fund will be started, to be employed in home and foreign work. The daily carrying the Gospel to the stony press grumbles because so large an hearts of the 200,000,000 followers· of amount is to be sent out of a poor Mohammed in Asia, Africa and Eu- country for Quixotic purposes. rope. Teachers Organizing for Mission Work THE CONTINENT The Swedish women school-teach- Toleration Coming to Scandinavia ers have a missionary union of 943 members, all teachers. They have As remarkable as any of the relig- their own work in Lapland, where they ious changes chronicled during our have built a home for a Bible woman. own time on the continent of Europe They are planning to support a woman is the rapid progress of the Free missionary in South Africa, and are Churches in the northwest of Europe. collecting funds to establish a semi- The Salvation Army, the Baptist, and nary in China for training native the Disciples have all found a free teachers. field during the past generation, and have energetically availed themselves In Berlin also a teachers' missionary of the new religious liberty granted in union has been formed consisting of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. The between 800 and 900 members. Such Disciples have secured much success unions are spreading rapidly through during the past twenty years in Copen- Germany. Thus, in the little district hagen and in various towns in the of the Brecklum mission there is alsouth of Norway. General Booth is ready a teachers' missionary union of always accorded an enthusiastic wel- 230 members. Similar organizations come in Stockholm. But the most suc- have sprung up in connection with the cessful evangelical work in Sweden Barmen and Leipsic societies. These has been that of the Baptists. The teachers are chiefly in government Methodists from England commenced schools. operations first, but they were not successful. Indeed, their leader was sent Light Breaking in Russia back to England. The American Baptists, however, started work and se- One of the most hopeful things cured toleration. Baptist progress about Russia is that so many spirihas been of late years phenomenal, for, tually-minded colonists have settled in whereas in 1855 there were only nine the empire during the last two cenchurches which excited powerful op- turies. These have come chiefly from position from the Swedish State Germany. Pietist, Mennonite and Church, there are now nearly six hun- Nonconformist colonies have been the dred in Sweden. Half a century ago source of evangelical movements in South Russia and the Caucasus. Be-

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

sides the Lutherans of the Baltic prov- for its Turkish missions and a meminces, there are 479 evangelical Lu- ber of the International Relief Comtheran colonies in 15 different Russian mittee, cabled last week that "sixty provinces. There are, further, 272 thousand dollars additional to the ut- Mennonite colonies and 20 others of different connections. most that the Government will do is needed to carry the people through the Russian BaptUts Much Alive winter. Many will die of sickness, ex- posure and starvation unless relief ar- Says a recent writer in the Baptist rives soon. All funds are exhausted and we are appealing to all countries World: to help us." The Board indorses this The Baptist Church in Russia has appeal and will forward all contribuproved her vitality. Not only has she tions received for aid of sufferers in survived the systematic and long-con- Cilicia. tinued persecution of both Church and State, she has done more-has grown Troubles Brewing for the Pope strong, and diffused herself throughout the vast Russian empire "from the glow- Says a recent dispatch from the ing plains of Colchis to the bleak rocks Eternal City: of Finland"; from St. Petersburg across the snow-covered deserts of Siberia, to All indications point to the fact that Amour and Manchuria. If a man should the extremists in Italy are determined to travel from Odessa to Tharbia-a month's undertake an anti-clerical campaign, more journey by rail-he would find even in vigorous even than that in France. This the latter remote town a little body of is being directed by the Freemasons, Russian believers. whose grand master has issued a most violent manifesto in behalf of Ferrer, Help the Starving Armenians recently executed, and against the Church. The manifesto says: The massacres instigated and carried out by the Turkish Government "Sacerdotal tyranny, still vermilion under the now deposed Sultan are fol- with Italian blood, imposed and obtained lowed by their expected dismal after- through the fright of a boy and the math in the region about Adana and cowardice of the government the slaugh- Tarsus. The new Government has ter of an innocent man, who was not provided some measure of relief for judged but murdered. the survivors whose husbands and fathers were murdered by thousands. "Italy, which has seen scaffolds red- But those on the ground who are in- dened, fire applied to the stakes and the terested in caring for the destitute are slaughter even of unarmed women and agreed that the money received from children ordered by the Church, must all sources is utterly insufficient to understand its duty. Rome, which has avert the starvation of multitudes un- inside its walls the Vatican, that for cenless further relief comes. Dr. Shep- turies has supported all tyrannies, from ard, head of the American Board's which to our shame the slaughter of hospital at Aintab, to whom the Gov- Barcelona originated, must decree that ernment has intrusted the distribution the last crime will not remain unpunof its appropriation for rebuilding ished." Christian homes in one part of the field, reports that beside the direct An international subscription has been consequences of the massacres, polit- opened for the purpose of collecting ical disturbances have been ruinous to funds to establish, in the Piazzo of St. trade. Men and women have no work. Peter's facing the Vatican, Ferrer's mod- Wheat is $1.60 per bushel, and prices ern school, which was supprest in Barof all kinds of food are excessively celona. high. All classes, Jews, Gregorians, Protestants and Moslems, are in The Massacre Order for Syria wretched want. At least 80,000 persons in Cilicia require relief, of whom Writing from Sidon, June 16th, 5,000 are orphan children. Mr. W. W. Mrs. George Ford says: Peet, treasurer of the American Board At Beirut, the Governor received his orders from the old Sultan to- order a massacre in the district, which includes Sidon. The (iovernor, putting the order in his pocket, declined to obey. At Da- mascus it was the same, only the guns had been turned on the city and the com- mander wished a massacre, but the Gov- ernor compelled him to give up his order.

Within a few hours the Sultan was de- approval, the reply was: "You are a posed. Thanks be to the loving Father! Protestant? Well, take the whole shop." -Woman's Work. A well-known Young Turk leader ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS upon a recent visit to Smyrna accepted an invitation to speak in a Protestant Bright Side of the Turkish Situation church, which was crowded to hear him. He spoke of the American The Sheik-ul-Islam, the head of the schools as models upon which the new Mohammedan religion, has issued a parliament would shape the system of ukase ordering all the priests to im- education which it proposes to instipress upon all true believers that their tute. A great revolution has' taken religion requires them to respect the place; the clock of destiny has struck; freedom of conscience of men of other it is a crisis involving great opporfaiths. The Young Turk government tunities,-Missionary Herald. has told the priests that this ukase must be obeyed or they will be pun- The Berlin Jerusalem Society ished. There are many indications of a bright future for Turkey. The annual report of the Berlin Jerusalem Society shows that after America's Opportunity in Turkey fifty-six years of faithful and arduous work fruit begins to appear in the five Dr. George Washburn, president of stations among the Arabs in Syria, in Robert College, I870-I903, writes in increasing measure. The native con- The Sunday-school Times: gregations are growing stronger in numbers and in spirituality, while the It is a great opportunity, a wonderful schools are surprizingly well attended opportunity, and it is a calJ especially to by Arab boys and girls. The income Americans. They believe in us now in of the society from all sources was Turkey. They trust us. There is nobody almost $47,000 in I908. The considthey believe in and trust as they do erable deficit from former years was Americans in Turkey. They know that wiped out by special gifts, but a new we have no selfish ends in view there. one of $2,650 was incurred. We do not want any of their territory; we are not going to try to overthrow the It is of especial interest what Mis- Turkish Government; and they under- sionary Albers in Bethlehem has to say stand fully that what we are doing there concerning the influence of the giving we are doing for their good. They may of a Constitution to Turkey has had think we make mistakes, but they know upon missionary work among Mohamwe are honest, and they know we are do- medans. To him the chief advantage ing it for their good. They trust us as seems to be that the missionary has a they trust nobody else, and consequently little more liberty in delivering his it is a great opportunity, a wonderful op- message, but he warns against the exportunity, for us to go on and to try to pectation of an immediate great admake these people understand who Christ vance in the work, because the chief is and what Christ is to the world. difficulty in the way of the Gospel has not been removed. This chief difficulty in Protestant Christians Turkey is the bitter persecutions from his own kindred and friends from which every The Prudential Committee at a re- convert from Mohammedanism to Christianity suffers. The new consticent meeting welcomed Rev. J. P. Mc- tution can not do away with them, be- cause they are always caused by pri- Naughton, of Smyrna, who spoke vate citizens, and the Government, briefly of the Board's work in the instead of trying to suppress them, Turkish empire. The Protestants of perhaps encourages them silently. In Turkey, with their 60,000 church- the schools the same difficulty threatmembers, 20,000 pupils in 330 schools, ens which caused such a disturbance and over 3,000 in the Sunday-schools, have made a name for themselves. They have given to the Mohammedans their first real contact with evangelical Christianity. A Moslem was heard to remark that if ever his people became Christians they would be like the Protestants and not like the Catholics. When a missionary asked permission of a shopkeeper to take goods home on

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

in Beirut, the leaders upholding that who has now reverted t(oprhiniscefo).rmTehr etitsliel~ no pupils of any school can be forced Mohammed Ali Mirza to attend religious exercises of any kind. Thus, the new Constitution has ver decorations which the late Shah connot proved an especial blessing to the missionary work in Syria. ferred on his soldiers a year ago are now A Bible Colporteur in Palestine sold in the bazaars at half their cost In Palestine the Turkish authorities price, which is about the bullion value. have for many years forbidden the distribution of the Scriptures, except When the Shah triumphed over the among the Christian or European population; whenever attempts were Majles a year ago all the 40 odd newsmade to carryon colportage, severe persecution and imprisonment of the papers which had sprung into life during colporteur invariably followed, and in some cases he was even sent into the two years of the liberal movement exile. A few months after the proclamation of the Constitution of the Ot- were supprest. No sooner was he detoman Empire, Mr. Hooper, the Bible Society's representative in Egypt, paid posed than a number of them began to a visit to Palestine in order to experiment in active colportage among the be published again. towns and villages. For this task Colporteur Vartan was selected, who has Persians Hungry for Knowledge had wide experience in Bible work among Moslems in Lower Egypt. He This active desire for education is commenced operations at the end of January, 1909, making the society's favorable to the development of misdepot in Jerusalem his center and base sion schools, and Persians (Moslems) for supplies. He records with grati- are attending in increasing numbers tude the marked kindness shown him by the missionaries and Christian aiming to acquire the learning of workers with whom he came in contact upon his joumey. Among the Western lands. In Tabriz we are preplaces which he visited were Jaffa, Bethlehem, Bethsaida, Hebron, Sama- pared from a good vantage-ground to ria, Nazareth, Cana and the Sea of Galilee. His sales amounted to 1,771 improve the opportunity. From the volumes, the major part of which were Gospels or other separate por- point of view of missions, it seems tions of the Bible, in 13 different languages, over two-thirds being in Ara- truly miraculous that in the fanatical bic. These were sold mostly to pil- city of Tabriz we have over 100 Mosgrims. lem youth uansdwerelCl harsisbtioayns,inasntrducstoiomn~ A Year's Changes in Persia even girls Rev. S. M. Jordan writes in the As- as boarders, eating the Christian food sembly Herald: which by tradition is an abomination.

The eleven-year-old Shah of Persia on One of them is the son of the govbeing informed that he was to succeed ernor of the province.-REv. W. S. his deposed father exclaimed with' delight, "Now I shall set the styles in VANNEMAN. clothes as King Edward does." Who can say that Persia is not making strides in INDIA civilization! Sultan Ahmad Mirza has become Sultan Ahmad Shah in place of Hindus Alarmed and Astir his deposed father, Mohammed Ali Shah, Hinduism is awakening to the fact that if the great sub-strata of Hindu Society known as the deprest classes be raised by Christianity, the whole structure of Hinduism is threatened with overthrow. This awakening is being followed by efforts in various parts for the improvement of these poor people. The latest is a move- ment in Ahmedabad. In that city, on August 29th, a meeting was held at which the attendance of the deprest classes was encouraged and in which they were allowed to sit beside caste people. Resolutions were passed for the formation of a Central Hindu As- sociation, which should have for its objects the raising of the deprest classes and their readmission into Hinduism after being converts to for- eign faiths. As to the means to be adopted for realizing these objects, the following suggestions were made: (a)

Starting schools, clubs and associa- Over Four Hundred Baptized tions; (b) establishing preaching mis- Rev. J. Wilkie, of the Gwalior Missions; (c) publishing papers, periodi- sion, Jhansi, U. P., has sent out a cals, magazines and leaflets; (d) per- small leaflet in which he tells of the forming the Prayaschit ceremony; (e) baptism last year of over 400 persons, adopting such other means as may be largely heads of families. He says: conducive of the above objects. "As far as we are able to do so we re- A Union Theological College ceived none but those who seemed to us to have sincerely repented of their Dr. J. H. Wyckoff gives, in The sins and to believe truly in Jesus Christ as the only one who can save them Harvest Field for September, some in- from their sins. That means that they teresting details concerning a union gave up all caste relations and also all theological college for South India connection with their old faith." In and Ceylon. Four missionary socie- this leaflet Mr. Wilkie makes an appeal ties "have definitely resolved to co- for Rs. 4,000 to purchase a village of operate in the conduct of the college, 508 acres about six miles to the north and provide means for its develop- of Jhansi for some of his Christians. ment. The London Missionary So- The grass of this land has been anciety has set apart Rev. W. H. Campbell for the work, and will contribute nually sold for Rs. 500, and Mr. Wilhis entire support, besides :£r,500 for kie considers that a very much larger buildings. It is understood that a con- revenue can be obtained when the stituent of the same society has given land is under cultivation. It is the £r,ooo for students' scholarships. The intention of the missionaries, who have Wesleyan Missionary Society has for- evidently studied mission colonies, to mally indorsed the movement, will ap- guard the mission against loss. point a professor to the staff, and pro- vide a sum for buildings. The home Over Five Hundred Baptized board of the Arcot Mission has voted We were not at all satisfied with the iloo, and the Foreign Mission Com- work done last year on our field, and mittee of the United Free Church of therefore asked God to give us health Scotland £45 per annum, toward the and strength to go out among the peogeneral expenses. Another large and ple. During the months January-April influential body has also the matter un- we could do much touring. We der consideration, and it is hoped will prayed the Lord to give us 500 souls give the services of a professor. in this time, before the heat would Native Christians Liberal Givers make touring impossible. Hallelujah!

Many instances are given of the He has heard our prayers and we were liberality of native Christians in In- permitted to baptize 542 happy be- dia. A year ago the Tamil Christians lievers in Jesus. We followed the in the north of Ceylon sent a birth- leadings of God's Holy Spirit and I day gift of £250 to the British could write a volume about our ex- and Foreign Bible Society. Six years periences during these months. It ago some of the Christian coolies on was a wonderful time. Other hun- the Kandyan estates sent as a cen- dreds are coming. Pray for us.-G.

tenary offering to the Church Mission- N. THoMssEN, Bapatla.

ary Society 125 guineas. The boys of A Miracle Indeed Kandy College maintain their own college mission, and send workers to From a mission station in Rahuri, outlying villages. The girls of a West India, comes the story of a boarding school recently gave up meat Christian woman, who, when talking and fish and lived on rice for a fort- to the women about her on Christian night in order to send .£5 to themes, was interrupted by a Brahman.

the Bishop of Calcutta toward the In- He had listened to her words and dian famine fund. thought to confuse her in argument.

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 95

"In the ancient days you speak of," A Union University said he, "there were miracles; show Rev. Joseph Taylor, in the Baptist me one of these and I will believe." Missionary Magazine, writes from Whereupon she an"vvered: "See me! Chentu, West China: I am a woman of low caste speaking It is at this city that the four mis- to you, a Brahman, these wonderful sions uniting in higher education have words of life! What greater miracle decided to found a united Christian unican there be? What more wonderful versity. These four missions are the work can you ask to see than this?" Methodist Church of Canada; the Methodist Episcopal Church in America; Tamil Missionaries to Telugus the Friends' Foreign Missionary Asso- ciation of England, and the American We rejoice to read of the blessing Baptist Missionary Union. They have that attends the work of the Indian Missionary Society, which the CM.S. bought a tract of land outside the south gate of Chentu and are preparing to erect college halls. The students will come congregations in Tinnevelly formed in from the middle schools of the province 1903. Its sphere of work is the Man- and will receive instruction in common ukota Taluq in the Nizam's dominions, class-rooms. near the Khammamett district worked by the C.M.S. Telugu Mission. Its Union Medical College first missionary was sent out in 1904, and now it has 12 workers. The It is proposed to establish a union fruits gathered are represented by 94 medical college for East China at Nanbaptized converts, and there are over king. This has been recommended by delegates from the Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian and Quaker missions, 250 under instruction for baptism scat- and others are invited to unite in the tered in 14 villages. Members of a scheme, the instruction to be imparted curious class of gipsy people, whose by means of the Chinese language, tho language is called Lombadi or Lab- the English language will be used to hani, have lately come under the in- some extent. fluence of their mission. They are The religious life of the young men found in different parts of India, al- will be cared for by their own college ways erecting their huts on the out- authorities, but there will also be a skirts of villages, each collection be- common service for all students once ing under a hereditary headman. a week. This effort is in the right Their number is about 765,000, of direction. If the individual missiOlli: whom over 174,000 are in the Nizam's had each built their own colleges apart, dominions. They have so far been the forces of men and money put into very slightly affected by the gospel, them would have been dissipated; but these Tamil missionaries have whereas, under this plan, these forces reached them, and some families are are combined in one center.

preparing for baptism, and one or two A Union Woman's College boys of the tribe are in the mission This institution, located at Peking, schooL-Co M. S. Gazette. is truly a union school, representing, CHINA as it does, the American Board, which sends about two-thirds of the students, Progress in China the Presbyterian Mission, London Writing recently in the Presbyterian Mission, two Swedish missions in Record, Rev. P. W. Pitcher, of Amoy, Shansi, a German Mission in Hupei, names these eight indications that the and the Canadian Presbyterian Mis- Celestials are moving forward: De- sion, with a few girls from non-Chrismand for a constitutional government, tian families.

opium reform, new journalism, in- The Missionary Led the Way crease in the number' of post-offices, Tien-Tsin is a Chinese city in which railroad extension, currency reform, Methodism has many lines of interest.

idolatry lessening its hold, and in the We have had an intermediate school educational field. there since 1890, and for ten years it

stood alone for the advancement of his work entitled "China's Only Christian and general Western learn- Hope," a work which in China had a ing. Note the change of a decade. tremendous circulation. In it he ad- The latest government statistics of the vocates reform, education, travel, and number of students of the Western general progress as the only hope for learning in Tien-Tsin are as follows: China. In 1900 he showed his wisdom by preventing the Boxer crisis spread- Students ing to the Yangtse Valley, for which 1 University ……………… 98 fact alone he merits the esteem of all 1 Provincial College ……….. 207 Europeans.-China's Millions. 12 Industrial Colleges ………. 1,612 Power of the Christian Press Middle grades ………….. 892 2 Upper Normals …………. 935 Thoughtful observers of conditions 98 Lower Normals …………. 3,148 in the Orient state: 230 Upper Primaries ………… 10,599 864 Lower Primaries ………… 148,397 Within a quarter of a century the 121 Half-day Schools ………… 2,971 Christian press in China and Japan has 121 Girls' Schools …………… 2,623 overturned the mythologies of paganism, taught a higher morality, changed fiction -Christian Advocate. for fact, symbol to reality, and in so do- ing has mortified the pride of paganism, con- Missionaries Barred from German School in founded its learning, revealed its absurdi- ties, and ruined its credit. One singular China and startling result of the diffusion of modern ideas is the establishment of at The German-Chinese High-school least one journal in everyone of the at Singtau, German China, was opened twenty-one provinces of the Chinese Emwith 110 students on October 25th. At pire. Each of the most important centhe same time the corner-stone was ters-Peking, Shanghai, Tien-Tsin, and laid for another building to be finished Canton – possesses at least a dozen next year. The school which is to ac- dailies, nearly all of which are printed in commodate 250 pupils finally has been the spoken vernacular. For the first time established by the German Govern- in the history of the most venerable of ment. A cablegram from China an- empires, the masses of the people can nounces that no missionaries will be become immediately acquainted with curmembers of the faculty, a rather rent events.-Morning Star. strange announcement in a daily paper. Chinese Christians to the Fore Death of H. E. Chang Chih-tung The Chinese Recorder ca11s atten- tion to the fact that in a recent re- By the death of H. E. Chang Chih- vival, "it was a Chinese minister who tung on October 4th, the Chinese Gov- began and conducted the meetings ernment has lost one of her most able which resulted in over 100 Chinese and venerable statesmen. For many students offering. themselves for the years he has been China's leading ministry"; and that during the late scholar. His career dates back to Christian Endeavor Convention in 1863, when he was graduated Tertius Nanking two Chinese members were at Peking, and his first post was Gov- far-and-away the most acceptable ernor of Shansi in 1882, when he speakers. and their speaking was on a manifested the energy so characteris- par with their modesty and good sense. tic of his whole official life in rooting up the poppy crop in that province. Chinese Students in the United States He has since held the vice-regal post at Canton, Wuchang, and Nanking, as Mr. H. F. Merrill, speaking of the well as many high offices at Peking. educational reform in China, says: During his office at Wuchang he in- The reform originated in the consciousaugurated the Hanyang Iron Works ness that the Chinese officials of to-day and erected various factories and need a different equipment from that promints, boldly pushed forward railway vided by the old classical system. New enterprise, but all the while strictly on schools therefore must be established. the lines of "China for the Chinese." But teachers are wanting. Therefore He is best known in this country for provincial governments have sent young men to Western lands to obtain instruc- tion. The number of these coming to

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

America promises soon to be materially Korea, for which land he was sacri- increased by the s-.'nding hither by the ficed. Of unknown parentage, the Imperial Government of 100 students adopted son of a member of the Samu- every year for the next four years, and rai class, he went to England as a a minimum of 50 students each year common sailor, and on his return ad- thereafter, Ul? to the year 1940, the vised his countrymen to adopt the students thus sent to be supported out methods of Europeans. When only of the portion of the Boxer indemnity about twenty-seven years of age he be- returned annually by the United States came governor of a province in Japan, to China. There are at the present time and from that time his advance in in- 395 Chinese in our schools. fI uence and official position has been continuoqs. He has been identified KOREA with the wonderful progress of Japan during its entire history since Commo- Christianity Very Much Alive dore Perry arrived there in 1853, and has been five times its Premier. He Mr. Frank G. Carpenter, foreign negotiated with Li Hung Chang the correspondent of a daily paper in Cin- treaty concerning Korea, which cinnati, writes most encouragingly of formed the basis of Japan's justificamissionary work in Korea. Among tion of her war with China in 1895. other things in a long, interesting ar- Strongly opposed to the war with Rusticle he says: sia, he held no public office during that period, tho he was often consulted and You remember the wonderful work did important service in bringing the which was done by Edward Everett war to its conclusion. At its close he Hale's plan of "Ten times one is ten"- was sent to Korea as Resident-Genthe endless-chain principle-in which eral and made a prince, and for two everyone engaged to interest ten others years he did much to lift it out of in making the world better. The same chaos into an orderly government as thing, altho not on a numerical scale, a dependency of Japan. He resigned is going on in Korea; The converted his position as Governor of Korea at natives are different from us in that as the beginning of the present year, and soon as they adopt Chri:.;tianity they go out was at Harbin on an unofficial mission and try to convert their friends and neigh- concerning the relations between Rusbors. You religious drones of the United sia and Japan with reference to trade States, who stay at home from church relations with China, in which our and prayer-meeting whenever it rains, country is also interested. His loss to should come out to Korea to learn what his own country and to Korea is great; live Christianity means! and it seems probable that he sought to promote the peace of the world as A Union Theological Seminary truly as the prosperity of Japan-Con- gregationalist. For a number of years the four Presbyterian missions in Korea have JAPAN cooperated at Pyeng-yang in a school for the training of native ministers, The Progress of a Half.Century where they have already about 40 students, and where they are likely to This summary of a half-century's have at least 100 within the next two achievement is most impressive and years. most cheering: "There are nearly 800 missionaries, about 80,000 Protestant The Northern Presbyterians have Christians, upward of 1,300 Japanese already put up quite a large building, pastors, evangelists and Bible women, which was the gift of Mrs. McCor- and about the same number of mick, of Chicago, and are asking in churches and chapels, with property their 1909 budget for money for an- valued at $800,000, and raising, apother building. The other missions proximately, $150,000 annually for concerned are asked to contribute their proportionate part for the permanent equipment of the institution.

Murder of Prince Ito The assassination of Prince Ito in Harbin, Manchuria, October 26th, by Korean conspirators is likely to injure

Christian work. The whole Bible is Evangelized. but Not Christian translated into the vernacular and sold freely in book-stores throughout the Rev. J. D. Davis, D.D., of Kyoto, is country and is being distributed among authority for the statement that at the people, either in whole or in part, least 30,000,000 of the people of Japan and mainly by sales, at the rate of two have never heard of Christ except in to three hundred thousand copies per the most general way. There are year. The Christian hymn-book of three provinces containing 3,800,000 several hundred hymns and tunes is of people without a resident missionone of the most popular publications ary. One province of 800,000 has but in circulation, there being a great de- one missionary, and there are four mand for it even among non-Chris- provinces with an aggregate populatians. There are 186 schools of all tion of 4,000,000, with but two misclasses and grades holding property sionaries in each. valued at $1,500,000, 7 Christian publishing houses issuing 70,000,000 pages Writing recently about Japan, Rev. annually, and 51 Christian orphanages, homes, hospitals and industrial estab- J. G. Dunlop, of the Presbyterian lishments, representing the benevolent and practical side of the GospeL" Board, says: Again the Briiht Side A general feeling of discouragement. . . . pervades the Church in Japan at Th; Japanese Church began the present. We are passing through a recelebration of the fiftieth anniversary action such as has not been felt in a of the introduction of Christianity into dozen years. In several departments of Japan, not by great meetings and the central government a dead set is eulogies of leaders, such as Dr. Hep- being made against Christian work, notaburn, Dr. Brown and Dr. Verbeck, bly in the department of education and who did so much for Japan in the in the army, and the Church is feeling earlier days of Christianity, but by the the effects. Everywhere it is harder to gathering of Japanese Christians in get people to listen to Christian teachconvocation, to pray and to plan for ing, and weak-hearted Christians are fallan evangelistic campaign whose object, ing out of the ranks. The victory of an as stated in the meeting, was that by eastern nation over a western has given March, 1910, the entire membership to many a new faith in the East and its of the Japanese Church should be ways and beliefs, and we are witnessing doubled. At the close of these re- revivals of Buddhism, Shinto, and Conmarkable gatherings a Japanese pas- fucianism. Meanwhile, the growing sustor arose and said: "What we must picion and hostility of the West toward preach is Christ-the living Christ, the Japanese is driving the latter back Christ incarnate, Christ crucified, upon themselves. Christ dead and buried, Christ risenthe Uving Christ, the only hope of AFRICA Japan." At this meeting a young Japanese who had spent ten years in Missionary Work in Africa China and knew the language offered to go to China as a missionary, and Marvelous progress in the Christhe leaders of this great gathering de- tian conquest of Africa is being made, clared that "As Japan had sent her but great as the progress is, it is only missionaries to Formosa and to Korea a tithe of the work that must be done and to Manchuria, so, altho the Chi- before the continent is finally evangelnese have been our enemies in war and ized. The Christian Express brings are hostile in race, we must show that together some facts in regard to Afriwe love them and want them to love ca which are quite impressive. Acour Lord and Master." cording to this article, 104 Protestant missionary organizations are at work in the continent and are using the Word of God, which has been trans- lated in whole or in part into 117 lan- guages or dialects. In the line of edu- cation there are 8 colleges, 59 theo- logical training schools, 83 boarding and high schools, 63 industrial institu- tions, 2 medical schools for training nurses, several kindergarten and some

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

thousands of primary and village the number of illegitimate bastard schools. In the line of medical mis- children is contmually increasing. Lesions there are 43 hospitals and 107 gally these children are natives, blacks, dispensaries, where on an average but the natives do not recognize them 150,000 patients are treated each year. any more than their white fathers. There are 3 leper hospitals, 23 homes There are no schools for these chilfor rescued slaves and 13 orphanages; dren, but the Government has left there are 33 mission presses and 31 them entirely to the care of the mismission magazines. sionaries. Therefore the Rhenish So- ciety has founded two asylums for Africa Waking Up them, at Okahandja and at Keetman- shoop, but, while the German Govern- The Dark Continent is being grad- ment aids all other schools, it does not ually enlightened, and the so-called aid the schools for bastards. As the "eye-sore of the world" may yet be- numbers of these bastards increase, come the glory of the nations. The and the missions become unable to Colonial Office Report for Sierra take care of them, they become a dan- Leone, just issued, contains matter of ger to the country. much interest. The Governor declares that it is no longer "the white man's ISLANDS OF THE SEA grave," and maintains that this graveyard metaphor should itself be buried. A Plea for MaJayia Thanks to Moslem as well as Christian missionaries, there is a remark- Rev. F. B. Meyer, in writing to his able decrease in the consumption of friends through the London Christian, spirits. As regards the price of labor, speaks with enthusiasm of the exone element exists which is almost un- quisite beauty of the Federated Malay known in Europe-the "personality" States. He regrets the alienation and of the employer. A hard employer is estrangement of those who "profess unable to find a single satisfactory to be redeemed by the same blood and workman; but a kind master will al- energized by the same Spirit." He ways be amply supplied. Another fea- continues: ture is the complete absence of pauperism. A native, on being informed Too late in life I learn what I have that in Europe men have died of star- missed in not being a missionary. It is vation, greets the assertion with in- a great and profound miss, that in my credulity. Under the tribal system the case can never be undone; but here at aged· and poor are well cared for, as least the fields are white. Vast centers are the infirm and imbecile, and in of population are growing up in the most cases those suffering from in- Straits Settlements, urtder European fectious diseases are isolated. Such (i.e., British) control, where, notwithtidings are very welcome. In God's standing the noble efforts of the Methodown time (which is always the right ist, Episcopalian, and Presbyterian time) Africa will be delivered from churches, little or nothing is done for the its thralldom, for the mouth of the crowds of Chinese immigrants pouring Lord of Hosts hath spoken it.-Lon- in from their own country. Whatever don Christian. perils or hardships exist in Inland China, there are none in Malaya. To evangelize A Shame in Southwest Africa the Chinese here would be to send tides of native missionaries throughout that Articles in German missionary mag- great country. Oh, why is the Church of azines call our attention to what the God in Great Britain so slack to go up Secretary of the German Colonies, Mr. to possess thIS great land lying at her Dernburg, has called "the monuments doors? This is going to be the rubber of German shame," viz., the asylums land of the future, and that means more for bastard children in German South- and more voluntary Chinese labor. The west Africa. Marriages between white openings for British enterprise are limitand black are legally prohibited, but less, and so are they for Christian enter- prise; but the laborers are few!

Heroism in the Philippines We hear often of the noble conduct of our brave soldiers in the Philip- pines; it is good to hear also, now and

then, of the bravery and nobility of for, to have general charge of the our Filipino brothers. Here is a quo- stationing of ministers, while the contation from The Mindanao Herald, gregational right of call is retained. which is worth printing in large let- The ministerial term of local service ters in every American newspaper, is to be without time-limit. and placing before the children on the walls of every American schoolroom, OBITUARY and reading from the pulpit in every American church: General O. O. Howard The action of the Magay Moros who General Howard, who died on Octoput out to Santa Cruz with cholera ber 26th, at his home in Vermont, was aboard rather than take chances on in- a national figure. He was a gallant fecting this city should be published to general, who deserved the successive every native on the island with suitable promotions which he won. But the appreciation of the high-minded al1d he- end of the war was but the beginning roic conduct of these men. To steer di- for General Howard of equally conrectly away from their homes and friends scientious and untiring service in the and from medical aid with their dead field of civic life. His look was always lying in their boats, for the sake of the forward to the things that yet recity, reveals a measure of heroic self-sac- mained to be done. Of late much of rifice than which the most enlightened his energy has been given to establishpeople can boast of no greater. These ing firmly the Lincoln Memorial Unimen should be given gold medals lettered versity at Cumberland Gap, Tenin their own language that their fellows nessee. The last Sunday of his life he may know the esteem in which we hold spoke in its behalf in a Canadian city, such conduct. This episode furnishes an returning to his home in Burlington in eloquent comment on the work of in- apparently good health. So the old struction that has been going on since hero of many a campaign, who had the epidemic of 1902. faced the belching cannon of the enemy in many a hard-fought engage- India Sends Missionaries to Fiji ment, passed away almost painlessly, while sitting in his chair.—The Con- Three years ago-during the India gre gationalist. Jubilee celebration-a farewell meeting was held at the Bareilly Theo- Albert A. Btlnnett. of Japan logical Seminary on the occasion of sending one of its students, Uclai Rev. Albert A. Bennett, D.D., the Singh, to the Fiji Islands as a mis- senior missionary of the American sionary. During the early part of this Baptist Missionary Union, recently year two Wesleyan missionaries from died in Japan. Doctor Bennett was Fiji visited the seminary and made a sixty years old, and had been a misstrong appeal for helpers. As a result sionary for thirty years. He was staof their work, as well as of the in- tioned in Yokohama, where he became terest created by the letters of Udai first president of the Baptist Theolog- Singh, five men offered themselves as ical Seminary, and was still a member missionaries to Fiji. Two of these, of the faculty at the time of his death. with their wives, not long since sailed from India. Thus is India, too, beginning to heed the "Go ye" of Christ.

Church Union in South Africa Dr. Stursberg, of Germany The pending negotiations for church From Java comes the distressing union in South Africa embrace the news that Mission Inspector Sturs- Baptist, Congregational, Methodist berg of the Neukirchen Missionary Soand Presbyterian Churches. A sub- ciety, who was engaged in a visit of committee's report on statement of the fields of the society, has fallen a faith has already been approved by victim of the pernicious fever on Octhe General Committee having the tober 3d. He was a very prominent subject in hand, and a report on polity missionary worker, writer, and speaker has likewise been favorablv acted in Germany. upon. An executive head is provided

THE MISSIONARY

THE JEWISH QUESTION AND THE KEY TO Samaria. We need but revive those Messianic communities to reestab- ITS SOLUTION. By Max Green, M.D. lish the Jewish Apostolic Church- Second Edition. pp. 146+42+8. 25 or shall we call it synagog?" (p. cents. The same. Yiddish Edition. pp. 193. 25 cents. George W. Jacobs & Co., Philadelphia. 1909. 143). Thus by the preaching of the The author of this little book is a gospel, the ceasing of Gentilization Jewish missionary, who, being a of the Hebrew Christian and the re- Jew, loves his people and desires to establishment of the Jewish Apos- see the missionary work, in which tolic Church, the Jewish question he himself has been engaged, reach will be solved.

a state of greater prosperity and We believe thoroughly in the so- success than he has been able to dis- lution of the Jewish question only cover. The book breathes love for by the preaching of the gospel, but the Jew throughout. Therefore, it we are under the impression that makes interesting reading to both the author is not clear what he un- Jew and Gentile, whether or not derstands under "Jewish Apostolic they agree with the author. Church." In the English edition, The argument is based upon the he states, on page 14I, "Until all post-millenarian interpretation of Christendom shall attain to the Scriptures, and apparently accepts unity of the faith, there will be the doctrine that the Jews, after Anglican Christians, Lutheran Chris- their conversion, are to return to tians, Roman and Greek Christians, Palestine. The author, therefore, and many other kinds of Christians; looks for the conversion of multi- and until then we can be and re- tudes of Jews, for the launching of main Jewish Christians." His plea a Messianic movement among them, there is apparently for a new (or an- and for the springing up again "all cient, but now extinct) denomina- through Jewry, as in the early Chris- tion, and will be gainsaid by many tian centuries," of communities of Christians. In the Yiddish edition, Jewish believers in the Messiah. pag; I53, we read, "Until then (i. e., Not being able to discover such until Ephes. 4: 13 is fulfilled), encouraging things now, he pro- Christendom (i. e., Gentile Christen- nounces Jewish missions barren and dom) will remain divided into Eng- sterile, and practically fruitless, and lish, German, and many other kinds comes to the conclusion that the of followers of the Messiah, and fault must be in the method em- until then we can be and remain ployed. Jew-followers of the Messiah." This He believes that the Christian latter plea, clearly for a national or Church hitherto has demanded the racial separation of churches, is dif- assimilation and Gentilization of all ferent from that in the English edi- Jews who have accepted the Lord tion and will meet with little or no Jesus Christ and joined the Church. difficulties, tho it does not tell us He argues that Gentilization must how to unite the Russian, the Polish, cease, and that it must be made the German, the Chinese, the Black clear to the Jews that assimilation Jews, the Bene Israel, and the Fala- is not demanded, and that they can shas, or those who were oxthodox and must remain Jewish Christians, and those who were reform Jews, as even within the fold of the Christian Germans or English are united. In Church. "In order to accept Jesus a book of the importance of that as their Messiah, the Jews need not under review, the author should at all close their own synagogs" have told us what he understands (p. 143). "In the age of the apostles, under the Jewish Apostolic Church, communities of Jewish believers in and clearly defined her distinctive the Messiah peacefully thrived principles.

throughout all Judea and Galilee and We do not agree with the author's view that Jewish missions are heroes of American history. His life sterile, barren, and fruitless. Re- was full of hardship and adventure, of liable statistics show that they are noble endeavor and self-sacrifice, in at least as fruitful as missions which his wife abundantly shared. among the heathen, if carried on as Doctor Myron Eells has gathered tosanely and soberly, tho we do not gether the letters, diaries and records fail to perceive that Jewish missions of the pioneer journey across the could and should be improved great- Rocky Mountains when the first ly. We do not look for the launch- wagon was driven to the Pacific Coast; ing of a great national Messianic he has given some new material in movement among the Jews at pres- the Whitman controversy as to the ent, but believe that this is the time saving of Oregon to the Union, and for the gathering out of the "rem- gives a full account of the Whitman nant" only. massacre. The story is full of interest and historical value, but there is not SATAN. By Lewis C. Chafer. 12mo. 75 the judicious selection of material, or literary sense in its presentation that cents. Gospel Publishing House, N. Y. would have made a thoroughly read- 1909. able biography. Many letters and ex- tracts from diaries are admitted that This book is a careful, Scriptural have no proportionate value to the examination of the question of the space they occupy, and there is not the arch-adversary of God and man-his skilful selection and arrangement of reality and personality, his greatness material that would have given this in original dignity and power, his biography a preeminent place in mismethods of working and the hierarchy sionary and historic literature. of spirits subject to his sway. The volume is, nevertheless, valuable To many readers it will be a sur- for its amount of first-hand informaprize and a revelation to find how tion on the history of Oregon, and the much is to be learned, through the in- early days of missionary work among spired Word, of the character, career, the Indians of the Northwest. and consummate strategy of this general-in-chief of the army of evil. LIFE OF GEORGE GRENFELL. By George Hawker. Illustrated Map. 8vo, 587 pp. It is not an attractive task to attempt $2.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New such a biography. Many far more York. 1909. winning subjects might have been chosen. But next in importance to a Dr. Grenfell was honored as a misknowledge of the person and work of sionary and an explorer, for he made the Son of God do we rank a thorough extensive and valuable contributions understanding of the whole system of to the geographical knowledge of the lies, wiles, counterfeits and gilded Kongo. He was a man of energy, but shams of which Satan is the head and of extreme modesty, and never sought master. How can we appreciate the the honors that came as a result of "advocate," and "vindicator," if we do his work. He never allowed his geonot understand the "adversary" and graphical labors to interfere with his "accuser"-or Him who is the Way, missionary work, but made the former the Truth, and the Life if we do not contribute to the success of the latter. understand him who is the betrayer, He was one of the missionaries in the liar, and the destroyer? favor with the Belgian administrators of the Kongo State, and for some time The chapters on Satan's modern de- remained silent in the controversy; but vices and the believer's present posi- before his death he denounced in no tion and victory will be found specially uncertain terms the abuses that he helpful and instructive. had become convinced were ruining the land for which he lived and died. MARCUS WHITMAN, PIONEER AND PATRIOT. The present story of Dr. Grenfell's By Rev. Myron Eells, D.D. 8vo, 349 pp. $2.00, net. Alice Harriman Co., Seattle, Washington. 1909.

Marcus Whitman is one of the life is full of interesting anecdote, and Of hope drove surging through me. gives the inspiration of a noble ex- Blind! 0 God 1 ample and Christian character. The letters give graphic descriptions of He can not see, he can not see Thee. hardships, adventures and successes. Blind- The book is valuable for its biographic interest, its historic facts, and its mis- AndoalGl oTdlhy beauty missed. 0 God I sionary stimulus. AUNT AFRICA. By Georgina A. Gollock. FROM ZOROASTER TO CHRIST. An autobio- Illustrated. 12mo, 248 pp. 2s. Church graphical sketch of Rev. Dhanjibhai Missionary Society, London. 1909. Nanroji. Introduction by Rev. Dr. MacKechan. 12mo, 93 pp. 2s. Oliphant, Here is a story with a purpose-but Anderson & Ferrier, Edinburgh. 1909. the purpose is much stronger than the story. By means of an aunt who is The story of the first modern con- expecting to go as a missionary to vert from Zoroastrianism to Christian- Africa, the boys and girls are led to ity could not fail to be of interest. Mr. take an interest in missions, to see the Dhanjibhai lived in India, being born great truths of human brotherhood, in Gujarat in 1822, and died at the age the failure of non-Christian religions of 86. In childhood his father died, and the need of sending the Gospel to but he was taught that in God is the regions beyond. The book is not so Maker of all, but did not wish to be- successful as a story for children as it lieve in Him. The young boy was sent is suggestive to parents and teachers to an English school in Bombay, and who are looking for ways by which to there memorized the whole of the sec- interest young people. ond chapter of Matthew. Every time he had to perform Zoroastrian cere- DECISION OF CHARACTER. By John Foster. monies, he repeated this in place of the Introductory note by John R. Mott. prescribed prayers. Later he attended 8vo, 60 pp. 35 cents. Student Volun- Dr. Wilson's school and was after a teer Movement, New York. time converted. He suffered much persecution and became a devoted na- No man is a success whose charactive preacher. Mr. Dhanjibhai was a ter is weak and undecided. He may remarkable man, 'and this brief sketch have strength of body, brilliancy of inof his experiences is well worth read- tellect, large fortune, world-wide fame ing. and even Christian faith, and yet be a failure as a man. John Foster's es- A HEATHEN. A poem by Lois Mathild say is clear and forceful. John R. Buck. 12mo, 42 pp. 50 cents, net. Matt says that it has exerted a greater Eaton & Mains, New York. 1909. influence on his life than anything else he has ever read or heard. That Miss Buck was the daughter of Dr. should be enough to recommend it to and Mrs. P. M. Buck of India, who the attention of every young man. It herself returned to the land of her is full of suggestion and inspirations. birth as a missionary after completing her studies in America. THE WORD AND THE WORLD. By Martha T. Fiske, M.A. 8vo, 68 pp. 40 cents. As a composition, the· poetry is Student Volunteer Movement. 1909. subordinated to the moral purpose, but there is nevertheless considerable These eight outline Bible studies, merit in the treatment of the theme- each in seven sections, are based on the shining of the Light of God on the typical passages of Scripture showing heathen in his blindness. the fact that God's salvation is in- tended for all the world. Beginning 'Twas then I learned that he was blind, with the Old Testament, we have stone blind, God's promises through the patriarchs and the prophets and the psalmists, Born blind! blind! At this a cry filled then His revelation through Jesus full Christ and his Apostles and their wri- tings. The studies are simple, but My throat and wrenched it, breaking up thoughtful and convincing. across The lips; with it I fled and left the man, And bent my being to the sobs that loss

NEW BOOKS KARMA AND REDEMPTION. By A. G. Hog~ M.A. 12mo. Christian Literature So~ FIFTY YEARS IN CONSTANTINOPLE AND REc- OLLECTIONS OF ROBERT COLLEGE, By George ciety, London, Madras, and Colombo. Washburn, D.D., LL.D. Illustrated. 1909. . 8vo, 316 pp. $3.00, net. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. 1909. THROUGH UGANDA TO MOUNT ELGON. By THE SOUL OF A TURK. By Victoria De J. B. Purvis. Illustrated. 12mo, 371 Bunsen. 8vo. $3.50. John Lane Co., New York. 1909. pp. $1.50. Houghton Mifflin Co., Bos- tun. 1909. HOME LIFE IN TURKEY. By Lucy M. J. THE CRIME OF THE KONGO. By Sir Arthur Garnet. 8vo. $1.75, net, Macmillan Conan Doyle. Pamphlet. 8vo. 6d. Company, New York. 1909. Hutchinson & Co., London. 1909.

THE REPROACH OF ISLAM. By Rev. W. H. LE KONGO FRANCAIS: LA QUESTION INTER- T, Gairdner, B.A. 12mo, 2S, net. L. M. S., NATIONALE Du KONGO. By Felicien Chal- 16 New Bridge St., London, E.C. 1909. laye. 5 francs. Felix Alcan, Paris. THE RELIGION OF ISLAM. By the late Rev. 1909. F. A. Klein. 7S, 6d. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 43 Gerrard St., LES MISSIONS EVANGELIQUES ET L'ETAT DU Soho, London, W. 1909. KONGOS L'AFFAIRE MORRISON-SHEPPARD.

UNDER THREE TSARS. By R. S. Latimer. By Dr. H. Christ-Socin. 75 centimes. 12mo. Morgan & Scott, Ltd., London. Foyer Solidariste, Saint Blaise. 1909. THE ENSLAVEMENT AND DESTRUCTION OF A JOURNEY IN SOUTHERN SIBERIA: THE THE BAKUBA. By Consul Thesiger. MONGOLS: THEIR RELIGION AND THEIR Foreword by E. D. Morel. Pamphlet. MYTHS. By Jeremiah Curtin. 8vo. $3.00. Little, Brown & Co., Boston. 2S. 1909. THE MASSACRES AND TORTURES IN THE COURT LIFE IN CHINA. By Isaac Taylor MONGALLA. Foreword by Rev. Wm. Headland. Illustrated. $1.50, net. Flem- Forfeitt. Explanatory note by E. D. ing H. Revell Co., New York. 1909. Morel. Kongo Reform Association, London. JOHN CHINAMAN. By E. H. Parker. 12mo. $1.25. E. P. Dutton Co., New York THE SLAVERY OF TO-DAY. By Charles A. 1909. Swan. 12mo, 2s, 6d. Pickering & In- glis, London. 1909. EVERY-DAY LIFE IN CHINA, The New Mis- sionary Cantata. Pamphlet. 4d. Lon- THE NEGRO AND THE NATION. By George don Missionary Society, 16 New Bridge S. Merriam. 8vo, 436 pp. $1.75, net. St., London, E.C. 1909, Henry Holt & Co., New York. 1909.

THE ORIGINAL RELIGION OF CHINA. By THE IMMIGRANT TIDE. By Edward A. John Ross, D.D. Illustrated, 12mo, Steiner. Illustrated, $1.50, net. Flem- 327 pp. 5s, net. Oliphant, Anderson ing H. Revell Co., New York. 1909. & Ferrier, Edinburgh. 1909. DAVID ZEISBERGER AND HIS BROWN BRETH- THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA. By William REN. By Rev. Wm. H. Rice, D.D. Il- Edgar Gei1, F.R.G.S. Illustrated. 8vo. lustrated. 12mo, 64 pp. Moravian Pub- $5.00, net. Sturgis & Walton, 31 East lication Concern, Bethlehem, Pa. 1908. 27th St., New York 1909. MEXICO. By William E. Carson. Illus- MEN AND MISSIONS. By William T. Ellis. trated. 8vo. $2.25, net. Macmillan $1.00. Sunday-school Times Co., Phila- Company, New York. 1909. delphia. 1909. GUATEMALA AND HER PEOPLE OF TO-DAY. By EDUCATION IN THE FAR EAST. By Pres. Nevin O. Winter. Illustrated. 12mo, Charles F. Thwing. 8vo. $1.50. Hough- 307 pp. L. C. Page & Co., Boston. ton Mifflin Co., Boston. 1909. 1909.

MISSIONARY MISSILES, or, SHOT AND SHELL SICILY, THE GARDEN OF THE MEDITERRA- FOR THE MISSIONARY CAMPAIGN. Com- piled by A. W. Roffe. 10 cents each, NEAN. By Will S. Monroe. Illustrated. 12 copies for $1.00. Christian Worker 12mo, 405 pp. $2.25, net. L. C. Page Publishing House, Toronto. & Co., Boston. 1909. POMEGRANATE: THE STORY OF A CHINESE CANADA'S MISSIONARY CONGRESS, 1909. 8vo. SCHOOL GIRL. By J enni Beckingsalee. $1.00. Canadian Council, Laymen's Illustrated. $1.00. Northfield Press, Missionary Movement, Toronto, Can- Northfield, Mass. ada. 1909. PUCK, M.P. By Irene H. Barnes. 12mo, 206 pp. Is, 6d. Church Missionary So- COMPARATIVE RELIGION. By W. St. Clair ciety, London, E.c., England. 1909. Tisdall. 12mo. 40 cents. Longmans, Green & Co" New York. 1909. A CERTAIN RICH MAN. By William Allen White. A novel. 12mo. $1.50. The SOCIAL RECLAMATION. By Malcolm Spen- Macmillan Co., New York. 1909. cer, M.A. 12mo, 178 pp. Student Christian Movement, London. 1909. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR.

Bureau of the Census. S. N. D. North, Director. Bulletin 103. Religious Bodies: 1906. Pamphlet, 91 pp. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington. 1909.

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1906

BENJAMIN LABAREE, D.O

For nearly half a century a missionary in Persia

of the World VOL. XXIX. No. u DECEMBER, 1906 VOL. XIX. No. 12 Old Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES IS THE WORLD GOING MAD? ly in the will of God, is that we learn to be quiet, to do nothing rashly, and Dr. Ftlrbes Winslow, the eminent to wait God's time and way. He is British specialist, has recently declared never in a hurry, and generally speakthat, as the q.larming ,statistics of in- ing, haste is waste. sanity and lunacy show, if the present rate of increase continues, before many SUCCESS IN KOREA years the majority of the human race will be of unsound mind! In view of The four branches of the Presbythese facts he solemnly appeals to terians at work among the Koreans his fellow countrymen to turn atten- have gathered from among them some tion from political squabbles over party 12,000 church-members, 38,000 adspoils and from narrow issues like the herents, and 24,000 in Sunday-schools. educational bill, and give earnest heed These new-born saints build their own to the problem of growing insanity. sanctuaries and, according to their ability, support Christian work. To This reminds us that our most emi- sustain and advance the Gospel they nent nerve specialist in America has have contributed the equivalent of recently warned us against the mad 100,000 days' work. So earnest were haste of our day. He says, for ex- they in one city (having zeal not acample, that automobilism is genera- cording to knowledge) that a vote was ting a distinct type of insanity, due to passed refusing residence to all nonthe cultivation of recklessness in speed; Christians! that /the necessity of habituating one's self to driving at such a rate over THE GOSPEL ADVANCING IN JAPAN roads, where there is no fixed track, running risks of punctured tires, col- Cheering news comes to hand of the lisions, breakdowns, etc., tends to men- progress in Japan. Bishop Harris, tal unbalance. This haste is every- who has charge' of the American where manifest. On all work that Methodist missions in Korea and ] apasses from hand to hand in the pan, says that during the recent war same factory is writter. the one word, the churches made great gains in mem~ "rush," as we have ourselves seen, and bership, and that they are now unusthe majority. of people in "civilized" ually active in evangelistic efforts. lands seem engaged in a race. One of As r·egards audiences, ministers of the greatest results of being conscious- churches, baptisms, and the circula,. tion of the Scriptures, things have not been so bright for a long time; and THE SIGNS OF THE REVIVAL IN INDIA the Gospel is receiving a better hear- We have frequently mentioned the ing than at any period since its intro- signs of the gracious revival which is duction a generation ago. Another being witnessed in India, and we have very healthy feature of Japanese drawn the attention of our readers to Christianity is its steady progress to- the spiritual awakening in Assam, ward independence of foreign aid. In where the Welsh Calvanistic Methoa short time it is hoped that the J apa- dists are at work; in Poona, where nese churches will be self-sustaining, Pandita Ramabaiand the Poona and and even become missioners, sending Indian Village Mission are preaching out native teachers to China and Ko- the Gospel; and in the spheres of work rea. of the Kurku and Central Indian HilI THE AWAKENING OF CHINA Mission, and of the Friends Foreign The missionaries of the Rhenish Missionary Association in Central In~ Missionary Society tell of the follow- dia.. To-day we add two brief reports, ing remarkable changes in China, from Djaipur and from Sambalpur, which clearly show the increasing de- which are significant because they sire after Western methods and better come from German sources-and Ger- instruction: All schools to be organ- mans are very skeptical in regard to ized in the future-and there are many any revival.

-shall use Western methods of in- In Djaipur, or rather in the whole struction. School inspectors are to be field occupied by the Brekluip Mission- employed, and' a ministry of educa- ary Society, in Telugu and Djaipur, the tion is to be founded. Normal schools, Dombos, the people without caste, are a school for princesses and a new im- being quickened by the Spirit of God.

perial university, with quarters for Commenced in 1883, the work was 20,000 studeqts, are to be opened. In very unpromising for many years. In the army the officers do no longer wear 1897 the first baptisms rewarded the the silk dress and 'i:he ancient Chinese faithful efforts of the missionaries, hat, but a jacket cut in European style, and now hundreds of the heathen and the flat cap with a shade in front, Dombos are asking for baptism. No and, more amazing stilI, soldiers and earthly advantages cause them to come policemen are to give up their beloved forward, for the missionaries can not queues. The soldiers, freed from serv- offer any, and the converts suffer se- ice on the Christian Sabbath, now at- verely from the hatred of the higher tend the missionary services in crowds, classes and from the petty persecuwhile still larger numbers ~f them tions of t.he native police. Yet they come to the numerous missionary come and lis.ten to the simple story of schools to satisfy their longing after salvation by faith in Jesus Christ, and greater knowledge. English, German, many believe in Him as their Deliverer and geography are the things most and Redeemer. Many have been bap- coveted by them. tized, so that the congregation ….t Kora- Truly, the followers of Christ every- put, founded in 1883, now has 2,251 where must awaken to the necessity of members, while the members of the increased labor in heathen China at congregation at Kotapad, founded in this critical time. 1885, now number 3,393. And the

OF THE

young converts from superstition and the native missionary labored on in heruthenism bear a joyful testimony to faith. Many of the people believed and Christ amid persecutions and trials. were" baptized. Christian schools were At Sambalpur and its surrounding opened, and the work of the Lord is district, where the British Baptist Mis- progressing. Thus the revival in In- sionary Society is proclaiming the dia is continuing and spr,eading.

Gospel, likewise the signs of a gra- ISLAM AND HINDUISM cious revival are apparent. Here the movement is among the low caste peo- The Rev. T. J. Scott, D.D., of Inple, and the instrument used by the Lord is a native preacher, Daniel Das. dia, gives ,the important inf01:mation This man of God was engaged in a that in North India a powerful Mo~ missionary journey, and preaching to hammedan college has been founded the high caste people in a certain vil- and liberally endowed in the city of lage was met with great indifference Aligarh. Some time ago its foundand coldness. His heart was very er, Sir Sayad Ahmad Khan, warned heavy within him, when the Lord di- the Hindus against letting their orrected his attention Ito that part of phans fall into the hands of missionthe village where the low caste people aries. A strong Hindu college has lived. He entered it, and in its first been endowed at Lahore, the Punhouse he found the weaver Djadab at jab capital, to bolster up Vedic Hinhis work. After the usual salutations, duism. They are now talking of Missionary Das began to Italk about sending missionaries to convert Christ. Weaver Djadab was willing America to the Hindu faith! At to listen, and the missionary erected Hardoi, where the Ganges emerges his frame upon which he hung a series from the Himalayas, perhaps the most sacred spot in India, and where of piatures representing the life of sometimes I2,OOO,OOO people assem- Christ. Quickly other villagers gath- ble on pilgrimage, a Hindu theolog- ered, and all listened intently to the ical seminary has 'been established narrative. At last the missionary came . for training preachers for primitive to the crucifixion of Jesus. Many eyes Hinduism. Mrs. Besant, the bril- were fiUed with tears, and it was dear liant English woman, and posing as that the SpiriJt of God was working a Hindu, has succeeded in getting mightily. When the story was finished the Hindus to endow a Central Hin- Djadab stood up and declared publicly du college at the sacred city of Be- that he took Jesus of Nazareth as his nares. She is principal, and in her Savior and would serve Him all the last report proposes in the female remaining days of his life. Many other department "the education of girls inhabitants of the village, especially on the lines of pure Hinduism." The the women, begged Daniel Das to're- endowment is building up rapidly.

main with them and give Ithem further The Brahmos, an advanced Hindu instruction in the way of salvation. sect, . are now proposing a theolog- Gladly Das erected his tent under a ical seminary at Calcutta.

convenient tree, and he wrote the mis- All this is an imitation of Chris- sionary in Sambalpur to come and tianity, the purpose of which is to help him. Together the European and obstruct Christian missions.

ABOLITION OF CASTE DISTINCTIONS His tour covered a period of three Among the many encouraging months and included all the important tokens that the cause of social"re- cities of North Siam except Muang form in India is not dead is the fol- Nan. In Chieng Mai, the principal lowing paragraph from a Calcutta station of the Presbyterian board, .he newspaper: gave a public reception to all the for- "At the entertainment given in his eigners. He visited the American mis- .

honor by the Kayastha Sabha, Jus- sion institutions and expressed his tice Chunder Madhab Ghose ex- pleasure with the work. Immediately pressed an earnest hope that the four subdivisions of the Kayastha following his visit to the girls' school community would be amalgamated and the hosp~ta1 and vaccine laborainto one united whole. A practical beginning in the rea.Jization of this tory, he sent a donation to each of hope was made when Babu Chunder Madha'b Ghose gave a dinner which these institutions. He consented to lay was attended 'by not only the leaders of the four subcastes, but the rank the corner-stone of the William Allen and file of the entire Kayastha society of Calcutta and its suburbs. Butler Recitation Hall of the Chieng More than five hundred Kayasthas were present, and they sat down to Mai boys' school, and spoke in part as dinner indiscriminately. In this way the restriction, which prevented one follows: subcaste from eating with another in the same row at a social gather- "During my visit to .the. United ing, was removed for ever and a States, the American people were great reform effected. The four sub- pleased to give me a most enthusiastic castes have also sanctioned inter- welcome. I may mention particularly marriages among themselves, and the sumptuous banquet with which thus the two principal obstacles that your Board of Foreign Missions honkept them separate no 10nger exist." ored me …. I am glad to reciprocate this kindness to the full extent of my It is also reported that the first ability. As my royal grandfather and my royal father have befriended the widow remarriage among the high- Christian missionaries, so I trust that I, too, shall have an opportunity on er castes in Orissa has just been proper occasions to assist <them to the limit of my power. Your invi,tation to celebrated. The bride was a Kayas- me to lay the corner-stone of your new school building, -is another evidence tha girl of sixteen years of age. The of your friendship and good will to- ward Siam. I have full confidence that father of her late husband sought to you will make every endeavor to teach the students to use their knowledge prevent the second marriage and ob- for the welfare of their country, there- fore I take great pleasure in complytained an injunction against it in the ing with your request and I invoke a rich blessing upon this new institution. lower court. This decision was set May it prosper and may it fulfil the highest expectations of its founders." aside by the district judge, who AN APPEAL FROM AFRICA agreed with the contention of the Some young men at Bongandanga, girl's own father that he-and no in the Kongo State (Kongo Balolo) other-was her legal guardian. appealed to the missionaries for a THE CROWN PRINCE OF SIAM AND THE LAOS MISSION teacher. Not long after, when the mail The recent visit of the Crown Prince arrived, the young men came eagerly of Siam to the Laos provinces was an inquiring, "Are any other teachers important event in the Laos missions.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

coming to us?" "Not yet," was the -it is good that you pray Jesus on r'eply. "vVhite man, you won't leave that account. us until Mr.and Mrs. Ruskin return, or other teachers come and understand We have a desire to hear your teachour language, will you? May we write ings in the teaching of Jehovah God; a letter, and will you print it in the and we have a thirst to see you in the paper you send to England?" The fol- eyes, but we have not the opportunity. lowing was ther,eupon written by the We have not the opportunity here benatives, without any suggestion or al- low, but we shall have in heaven. In teration by Ithe missionaries (tralfsla- the Father, and the Son, and the Holy tion) : Ghost, One God.

vVe who write to you these words, (Signed by twenty African young men.) A letter to the teachers in Europe: AN ADVANCE STEP IN WORK FOR MOSLEMS Listen to these words. vVe are those who went astray, but the Lord did One result of the Cairo conference not leave us. He sought us with per- last April was seen at the recent Amerseverance and we heard His call and ican Board meetings in North Adams, answered. Now we are His slaves, no Mass., when Dr. James L. Barton, the other Master at all. And we pray the for.eign secretary, announced that Holy Spirit to show us the way of Christ and truth. their policy for the work among Mos- lems in Turkey and elsewhere would Behold, we tell you a word of truth. be more aggressive and fearless in fu- We had three teachers-one is in Eu- rope; another has gone to Ikau; and ture. This mission board has four- this one who stays with us his fur- teen of its twenty missions in direct lough is due, and his works are many. The works are: printing; and the work contact with Mohammedanism, tho with the workmen; and the teaching only four of them are under a Moof Jehovah God-just he and his wife. hammedan government. Now they If he goes to rest in Europe, with propose to send more missionaries into whom shall we be Idt? Turkey to devote their efforts to. the 12,000,000 lYloslems for whose evan- H is good that you should send us gelization little effort has been made; to the Kurds along the upper waters teachers who will cause us to be full of the words of the Father. Friends, what do you run away from? Death?

Or the long distance? What did the of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; Lord command? He said, "Go and and to the Albanians in iVestern Mespreach the Gospel in all the world." opotamia. It is proposed also to de- velop more fully the medical work When we went to Boyela, the peo- among Moslems, to assist Turks in ple said to us, "Come and teach us the news of Jesus, <then we shall hate sin and turn toward the salvation of Jesus promoting educ<lJtion of all grades, to Christ." We have not great strength, put forth a new and constructive literbut pray for us to the Father God that ature in the languages of Moslems, and He strengthen us in spirit and body, so to organize missionary forces as to then we shall spread abroad His good give to al1 Moslems in Turkey a true news that it go in every place.

Behold, we ask you, in all your 'as- vision of the Christ.

semblies to pr?y for us and our AN AWAKENING AMONG MOSLEMS teachers. I t is to be expected, however, that And we have seekers, females and every aggressive move on I1:he part of males; they seek Jesus, but they are waiting for the joy of the Holy Spirit Christians will be met with fierce op-

position from Moslems. Persecution THE POPE'S LATEST ENCYCLICAL and even martyrdom may follow the faithful preaching of the Gospel. Al- Rev. Alex. Robertson, of Venice, ready there is apparently a general calls attention to this latest and one movement among Moslems. If not of the most reactionary encyclicals promptly checked this may lead to that ever emanated from St. Peters. disastrous consequences. In Egypt, I t is address~d to the bishops of Turkey, and Morocco the signs are Italy, and concerns the students and ominous, and telegrams from Morocco the priests of the Church. This entell of preparations for a Holy War, cyclical shows that Roman Catholicism which is announced to begin very soon. and modern thought and progress are The situation is very delicat'e, and calls not only incompatible but are mutufor prayer and caution, but not cow- ally conflictive, and the one can only ardice. Prompt and firm measures, exist by the destruction of the other. taken in time, by France and Great This is a bold attempt to kill all mod- Britain, may save much ultimate suf- ern thought and progress, so far as fering. There have been many threats Roman Catholic students and that any action against the Sultan of priests are concerned, and hopes Turkey would lead to a general Mos- through them to stay its progress lem uprising. among Italy's inhabitants in so far as they are still attached to the THE BIBLE IN RUSSIA Church. A bare enumeration of the things forbidden will show the dras- In the midst of the almost univer- tic nature of this encyclical: sal strife and gloom which prevail in Russia, well-nigh the only bright (I) It is forbidden to all students spot is found in the free circulation and priests to attend any classes in the of the Word of God. And hence it public univcrs,itics of Italy. is with peculiar pleasure we read that last year the British and For- (2) It is forbidden to all students eign Bible Society circulated no and priests to read any non-clerical fewer than 501,124 copies or por- newspapers, periodicals, or reviews. tions of Scripture in Russia, with 93,600 more in Siberia, making in all (3) All preaching is forbidden, ex- 594,124 volumes within the domin- cepting under special restrictions. No ions of the Czar. As indicating the one may preach unless he has express polyglot nature of the work, it is authority from the bishop to do so, well worthy of 'being noted that and the substance and even language among the many languages repre- of his discourse must be submitted to sented' were not only Russian and the bishop and meet his approval. Slavonic, 'but Finnish, Polish, German, Lettish, Esthonian, Lithuan- . (4) No priest or student must ian, Yiddish, Hebrew, Swedish, Ar- publish anything, except under the men'ian, Chuvash, Vatyak, Chinese, same conditions as hold as to his Japanese, French, English, Persian, preaching, Turkish, and Turki. (5) It is absolutely forbidden to all students and priests to inscribe their names. in any society or assocta- tion whatsoever that does not depend

I9Q6] SIGNS OF THE

entirely on the authority of the A YEAR'S OUTPUT OF BIBLES bishop. During' the year ending last March the British and Foreign Bi- (6) Various other prohibitions are ble Society (the oldest and the larg- est in the world) circulated nearly issued, such as that no student or 6,000,000 copies of the Scriptures (the actual figures being 5,977.453 priest must hold any conference of books), which exceeded the pre- vious high-water mark by 33,000 any kind without the permission of copies, and this is the more remark- able in face of the disturbed condi- the bishop, and all aspirations after tions which have prevailed in Rus- sia, China, and Japan, where some Church reform are forbidden. of the Society's heaviest sales take place. The polyglot nature of the This encyclical is another proof of work appears in the fact that at Winnipeg Scriptures were supplied the hopelessness of seeking to bring in 43 different languages, while 'at! Johannesburg versions in 52 lan- about a reformation in the Church. guages were sold, and a fifty-third was asked for by a newcomer who As Pius IX. said, "They who seek to demanded a Bible in Icelandic. Dur- ing the past year II new languages reform me, seek to destroy me." have been added to the ·list of ver- sions. The Bible Society has now THE RELIGIOUS CRISIS IN FRANCE promoted the translation, printing, or distribution of some part of God's Rev. James Gosset-Tanner writes Word in 400 languages. About 900 colporteurs were at work, 670 nathat the present condition of affairi is tive Bible-women, as well as some 100 European Bible-women, most of receiving the closest attention from the whom. are working in London back streets. Anexc-ellent example of the secular press, and adds: scale on which the Society conducts its business was seen at the last M. Combes, the ex-Premier, stated pub- monthly meeting of the committee, licly that the attitude of the Pope toward when orders to be placed with va- the French bishops would undoubtedly rious printing firms were sanctioned forward the Protestant cause. A num- amounting to no less than 653,000 ber of Catholics have recently signed an volumes. address to the Pope, requesting him to reconsider his decision. They urge that: CONVENTS AND CONVENT SCHOOLS "Even now it may be regarded as certain IN BRITAIN that Protestantism, through its public worship associations, will enjoy the fa- Cardinal Wiseman once expressed vor of the state, and speedily occupy the his desire that the metropolis of the positions which we shall be obliged to world might be walled in with conabandon, and will thus gradually threat- ventual institutions, -and his wish is en fo instal itself in our churches and presbyteries, and, above all, in the souls of the faithful." This striking testimony comes from a hostile witness.

As the Reformed Church will lose about $400,000 a year, great efforts are being made to raise the money. The Societe Centrale d'Evangelisation at its General Assembly in June stated that an inquiry 'has been made as to the maximum which can be raised in their various stations. The response has been very encouraging: fifty-seven stations, which CDntributed 9,100 francs in 1905, have promised now to send up a minimum of 23,700 francs, more than doubling their previous gifts. Already a budget of 487,251 francs has been voted for evangelization work. An important result of the new arrangements is that forty-five evangelization stations are now constituted into separate churches, and will be recognized by the state, while sixty more remain to be superintended and provided for by the society.

888888 TTHHEE MMIISSSSIIOONNAARRYY RREEVVIIEEWW OOFF TTHHEE WWOORRLLDD [[DDeecceemmbbeerr

pprraaccttiiccaallllyy rreeaalliizzeedd.. TThheerree iiss nnoott aa pprreemmee ..aanndd iitt ssttiillll iiss tthhee lleeaaddiinngg oorr– borough in the city without one ganization. Besides the Cathedral block at least of monastic buildings! in San Juan, there are 88 parishes in In like fashion they have spread the island, with 23 priests in San over the land. When the nineteenth Juan and 112200 in the island. Also I3 century began, there were, in Eng- religious communities and 6 charity land, twenty-one Romish convents; asylums and schools. During the now, exclusive of monasteries, Eng- year the Roman Catholic bishop land and Scotland shelter over seven "confirmed" 90,000 children and hundred-an increase thirty-five- adults. The only Protestant church fold, and more than at the time of prior to American occupation was the Reformation! an Episcopal church in Ponce. Since then the Baptists have built 9 These institutions are active and churches and now have churches aggressive. Of some 93 orders, only and stations in 25 towns and vilaibout a dozen are close convents for lages. The Pr·esbyterian, Methodist nuns. All the rest deal with the and other denominations have also common life, through hospitals, vis- been active. The various Protestits to the sick,almsgiving, orphan ant churches and missions are: Bapand rescue work, and especially edu- tist 25; Methodist, 80; Presbyterian, cation. Their schools, not always 66; Episcopal, 5; CongregationaEst, within convent grounds, are skil- 8. In addition, two of the smaller fully organized to draw the middle denominations each maintain an orand upper classes by high school phanasylum, and at San Juan the teaching in language and art and by Presbyterians have the best equipped low terms. The secular clergy act hospital on the island with a medical as agents to find patrons and pupils missionary on the west end of the and novices. It is all obviously part island regular!ly visiting 6 towns. of an organized movement to Romlanize Britain. And these institu- Romanism is now thoroughly tions are not subject to legislative awakened to a sense of its danger in control, and their inmates are de- Porto Rico. It is making strenuous barred from the safeguards which efforts to hold its own. Appeals ·are protect t,he liberty of other British made to the people not to abandon citizens and subjects. Women are the religion of their fathers. Their employed in convent laund6es, for parochial schools are being imexample, but to them the factory proved to compete with improved acts do not apply. There is compul- public schools. Their old municipal sory confinement here without gov- and religious feasts are being reernment inspection, and what is vived and celebrated with more enmost amazing is the general apathy thusiasm than ever, to tie the people that prevai1s as to such a state of to the past. The country people, things. formerly neglected, are now being enlisted and prejudiced against the PROGRESS IN PORTO RICO Protestants. These are evidences that the Protestant work has not Previous to the acquisition of this been in vain. island by the United States the Roman Catholic Church was su-

OF THE PILGRIMS AT THE HA.YSTACK. SHRINE, WlLLJIAHSTO"W'N, MA.SS

This Is about one·third of the vaost congregation tha.t gathered to celebrate the centennial of the little missionary prayer·meetIng of college students.

THE HAYSTACK CENTENNIAL-A MEMORIAL AND A PROPHECY BY REV. HOWARD A. BRIDGMAN, BOSTON, MASS. Managing editor of The Congregationalist and Christian World In the annals of the Kingdom of stack. One hundred years beforree,,.. God there are certain days that in only a trifle earlier in '~he season, a point of brilliancy and significance group of young men were driven from deserve to rank with the coronation the fields by a thunderstorm and days of kings and emperors or with were forced to take shelter in the the days when presidents of great friendly protection of a haystack. republics are inaugurated into of- And here they held a prayer-meeting fice. Such a day was Wednesday, which contained the germs not only October TO, 1906. A little town of the modern American foreign mistucked away among the hills of sionary movement, but of many Western Massachusetts was the other religious agencies that have scene of the events which made the blest the world. day memorable, and thither in great numbers some of the choicest rep- TIle tIlree thousand persons who resenta'tives of the American church- assembled at Williamstown on this October day of alternating storm es went to honor Sammuueelt' J. Mills and sunshine were only a fraction of the hosts the world 'oOvveer whose and the other heroes of the Hay-

thoughts and hearts were turning lege students. These young men toward this Christian shrine. The mingled to some extent with the announcement of the Haystack Cen- throngs of outsiders, and as singers, tennial had been sent far and wide, ushers, and guides made themselves and in London, Shanghai, Bombay, agreeable -and useful. The college and many smaller places in distant had been granted a holiday, and the lands, believers in the world-wide many students who attended the va- extension of Christ's Kingdom, in rious services will be sure to feel a small or larger groups, were cele- spiritual uplift, and it is to be hoped brating the anniversary. Thus on that some will have been turned invisible wires currents of sympathy definitely toward the foreign field, from the ends of the earth were con- for Williams College itself to-day, veyed to Williamstown, and in turn like other New England institutions, the love and prayers, the admiration is not maintaining in this particular and the support of American Chris- the best traditions of the past, and tians were carried back to every needs to feel again the stimulus of brave worker on the far-flung frontier of the missionary propaganda, the example of Samuel J. Mills and It was fi·tting that the Haystack his associates. celebration should be a germane The original plan of the day's propal't of the annual' meeting of the American Board, for into this or- ceedings included no less than four ganization the impulses generated distinct gatherings, but the throng at the Haystack were crystallized of visitors necessi'ta·ted one more first, tho not exclusively. A full day of which many who attended prothe regular program was therefore de- nounced the best of all the five. voted to this special anniversary, the What could have been so appromembers of the Board coming over for priate to start the day as a sunrise the day from North Adams, five miles prayer-meeting around the monuaway, where most of the meetings of ment built and dedicated in 1867 in the week were held. – The occasion at- honor of the "five immortals." But tracted not only the regular constitu- as, a century ago, a sudden shower ency of this oldest American foreign drove these young men to a different ~issionary agency, but many officials rendezvous than they had chosen, so of other societies, both home and for- now the five hundred people who eign leaders in the Y. M. C. A. and rose early were obliged to forego the Student Volunteer Missionary their desire to gather for prayer Moveme'nt, and an unusual number around this handsome shaft of Berkof strong and devote·d laymen. shire marble, surmounted by a globe on which are traced the outlines of a The great influx of people gave map of the world, and were glad to the streets of Williamstown an ani- avail themselves of the dry floors mated -appearance from early morn and comfortable benches of Jesup till sunset, and imparted to the col- Hall, the college building devoted to ·legecampus a livelier aspect even the Christian Association interests. than when it is the exclusive pos- There for an hour a prayer-meeting session of four hundred active, col- was held which in since!'ity, earnest- ness, and spiritual fervor was not un-

THE HAYSTACK CENTENNIAL S&g}Il

worthy to compare with the original secretaries and college boys and prayer-meeting under the lee of the -girls who had come to Williamstown Haystack. Drr. Samuel M. Zwemer, from different institutions to hold the intrepid young missionary to the a special conference in connection Mohammedans of Arabia, was the wilth the anniversary, followed one 'another in quick succession. Not for many a day has such a prayer- meeting been held in New England.

How it would have delighted the soul of Dwight L. Moody! Before passing out of that tender atmos- phere, the five hundred people present said in unison, as an expression of their personal dedication, Mills's fa- mous motto: "We can do it if we will."

What was intended to be the most formal and elaborate service of the day took place in the forenoon in the beautiful new Thompson Me- morial College chapel, which cost $600,000, and is unrivaled among the college chapels of America. This was called a distinctly academic service, one purpose being to show the relation of the foreign mission- ary movement to the educ'ational in- stitutions of the land and to express and. cement still more strongly the natural alliance between them.

The stately interior of the chapel with its noble Gothic arches and'

its splendid stained glass windows, THB HAYSTACK MONUMENT among ,them one called the mission- ary window, furnished an appropri- leader, but he wisely confined his ate setting for such a dignified serv- leadership to centering thought on ice and so distinguished an assemblage.

two great truths: the royalty of The speakers were arrayed in their Christ and the loyalty of His be- academic gowns, and the processional lievers, and to suggesting lines on and recessional of many robed figures, which pet,itions should be offered. including the members of the college But the group of persons gathered choir, showed considerable liturgical there needed no urging. They had development since the days of Mills.

come to pmy briefly, definitely, fer- But as a whole the service had the vently. Dignified ministers, deacons 'spontaneous, hearty, and evangelical and college presidents, missionary note still characteristic of the "stand-

MMIISSSSIIOONNAARRYY RREEVVIIEEWW OOFF TTHHEE WWOORRLLDD [[DDeecceemmbbeerr

iinngg oorrddeerr"" ooff mmaannyy cchhuurrcchheess iinn NNeeww wweesstt wwiinndd iimmppaarrtteedd aa ttoonniicc ttoo tthhee EEnnggllaanndd.. A we1come wwaass ggiivveenn by aattmmoosspphheerree.. This was indeed provi- PPrreessiiddeenntt Henry Hopkins, iinnttoo wwhhoossee dential, since the afternoon proceed- hands hhas passseedd tthhee hheellmm ooff tthhee in- ings were all to be out-of-doors on s.titution over which his cceelleebbrraatteedd tthhee hhiillllssiiddee jjuusstt beyond the little father, MMark HHooppkkiinnss,, ssoo long pprree– ggrroovvee tthhaatt eenncclloosseess tthhee HHaayyssttaacckk sided, and a response was made by monument. Seats for nearly three Samuel B. Capen, LL,D., president of thousand persons had been built, but the American Board. Three ad- they did not suffice, and many were dresses followed by President Tuck- obliged to stand all through the thrill- er, of Dartmouth; President Hyde, of ing afternoon. This service was de- Bowdoin, and Dr. E.Eddwwaarrdd Judson, signed to appeal to the rank and file whom the audience was especially of people generally, all of whom, from glad to see for his own sake and be- children in arms to tottering octo- cause of his famous father, Adon- genarians, were represented in the iram ] udson, a pioneer of American interesting congregation. A stanza missions. of the hymn said to have ,been sung 'While this not.eworthy meeting at the original Haystack meeting was 'being held in the college chapel was lifted by all voices and gave an an overflow in the village church element of verisimilitude to the oc- brought together the students, and casion.

they were addressed by men who President Capen, Dr. Arthur Lit- are favorites with collegians. They tle, of Boston; Dr. Arthur ]. Brown, were Rev. John Hopkins Denison, of _the Presbyterian Boar,dof For- of Boston; Prof. E. C. Moore, of Har- eign Missions, and John R. Mott vard; Dr. Samuel W. Zwemer, and each made his own valuable con- Rev. Newell D. Hillis, D.D. Each, tribution to the exercises of the inspired by the occasion and the afternoon, and Mr. Mott put a snap- splendid congregation, was at· his per on his forceful address in the best. The effect of the speaking form of an invitation to pledge an was to set ,the work of missions in extra offering to the Board asa a light new to many, and attractive memorial of the day. Scores of peo- because of its relation to the needs ple were glad of the opportunity of mankind and to the world move- thus to express the feelings that had ments of our time. It was shown been swelling within them as the that the sense of international justice day advanced, and in less than a now making such headway in the half hour 'oOvver thirteen thh'oOuussand world was the direct outgrowth of dollars were promised.

the Gospel of brotherly love which The interest of the afternoon cul- our mlsslonaries proclaim. The minated ,in the series of testimonies heroic note was struck by Doctor from ten foreigners who owe their Zwemer, who dwelt on the thought conversion to influences exerted by that the price of success is our suf- the missionaries and institutions of ffeerriinngg wwith Christ. the AAmmeerriiccaann Board. IItt was aa happy DDuurriinng tthhee little lull for lluunncchheeoonn thought tthhuuss to aasssseemmbbllee ffrroomm the tthhee sskkyy bbeeggaann ttoo clear and a nnoorrtthh– eennddss ooff tthhee earth mmeenn who mmaayy··be

HAYSTACK

looked upon as types of the human dia, Ceylon, Turkey, Africa, China, harvest resulting from the seed-sow- Japan, Hawaii, Bohemia and Mexico ing of Mills and his companions. being the lands from which the Some of these from foreign fields are speakers respectively ha,iled. One studying in this country, preparing of the two Chinese who spoke had to preach in their nat-ive lands. One passed through the horrors of the is working among his own country- Boxer uprising, in which his own men in America, and one or two father and mother had been slain others already are evangelists or almost before his eyes. He himself teachers in their own land. No ef- proved a valuable and trusted mesfort was made to pick out excep- senger at a critical hour. No one tional men, and, as Secretary Barton could doubt that these ten men had THE PL.A.I.TTFBOORRMH AND SPPl&ilADU:RRS AT THE IL!.YS1'ACli: CENTENNIAL said, they could be duplicated by come to know Jesus Christ as Lord the score ,in every mission station and were trying to follow Him, and under the direction of the Board. almost everyone joined with the expression of thankfulness to Amer- Most 'Of these men wore their na- ica the plea that more might be done tive dress, and spoke with the accent in behalf of their countrymen who that betrays the people 'Of foreign have nGt yet come to light. speech. Each was limited to three minutes, and several were so brim- This feature was the climax of ful of gratitude that they had to be the day, and was probably the thing gently admonished by President that will be remembered most vividly Capen that they had reached the in subsequent days, as attendants upon time limit. It was a remarkably im- the centennial pass along to their pressive series of testimonies-In- friends and neighbors at home the

story of what took place at Williams- thoroughly' statesman-like paper town. showed that the success of mission- In the restrospect of the numerous ary operatiDns in the new century addresses between sunrise and sun- depends on adhering to the broad, set, four stand out as especially sig- irenic, comprehensive policy-the lines nificant and prophetic. One was of which he so boldly outlined.

that of Professor Edward C. Moore, This great and glorious day re- Df Harvard, the burden of whDse re- vealed anew the hold which the for- marks was that the Church is con- eign missions have upon varied ele- fronted to-day not merely by the ments in our churches-the highly greatest opportunity for missionary intellectual, as typified by the toUege service in its history, but by the presidents assembled; the plain every- greatest opportunity it can ever day people everywhere in evidence; know unless we undertake the con- the students now in our colleges who, version of the planets themselves. while few in any individual institution, President Tucker also made an im- are-some of them-so ardent and portant contribution to the thought persistent in their missionary impulses of the day when he declared that the that they may yet influence all the rest.

sense of power which possessed Then, too, the day must issue in Mills and which was personal to him a revaluation by the world of foreign was yet cO'mmunicable to others and, missions. An enterprise which com- yoked to' a spirit of humility, was mands such splendid devotion and our great dominant. need tD-day. which accomplishes such marvels of President Hyde paid a high tribute transformations,- and which at the to the effectiveness of the machinery end of its first century is striding for- created and administered by the ward more rapidly than ever before, American Board. must arouse the respect and ulti- Fully as thought-stirring as any of mately secure the support of right- the addresses of the day was that of minded men everywhere. The friendly Dr. Arthur J. Brown. His theme was comments in the secular papers on the the future of missionary work. Out Williamstown anniversary are a pleas- of the rich harvest of impressions and ing contrast to the cavils and sneers observations gathered on world-jour- which Mills and his friends met in neys and through long official connec- their own college community.

tion with the Presbyterian Board he Prayer has also loomed up anew pictured the Orient as it actually is, as a force-perhaps the force in the awake to the weaknesses and vices onward march O'f missions. From of Christendom and rapidly devel- time to time throughout the day in- oping its O'wn self-consciousness. dividuals or groups were to 'he seen Into this world, so unlike that which kneeling around the Haystack mon- the Haystack men confronted, our ument. Surely the movement which missionaries to-day must go. Dr. was cradled in prayer is not to lan- Brown called for the minimizing of guish in these last days for lack of sectarian differences and urged that those petitions which must always the native Church be left free to fDr- undergird and guide every forward mulate its own creed and polity. His movement in the Kingdom of God.

DEPENDENT PEOPLES OF

THE MOHONK CONFERENCE The twenty-fourth annual gather- This conference does not claim to ing in behalf of the Indians and the be, in the 'distincti~e and exclusive insular peoples under United States sense, Christian. While the great control, was held at Mohonk Lake, majority of those who attend are October I7 to 19. At Mr. Smiley's evangelical believers, the broad basis of the conference is philanthropic, CJHLAl.RLES nOXON and the cooperation of all who work An Onondaga InddlitLan.n–8 graduate of Hampton Institute for the physical, intellectual, moral and spiritual uplift of these various and anu expert machinIst peoples is invited, and all such parties are welcomed to a share in invitation about two hundred guests the work of the conference. Roman- met and elected Dr. Andrew S. Dra- ists as well as Protestants, Jews as per as president. Successive sessions well as Gentiles, Unitarians and were given to discussion of the prob- Universalists, and even Agnostics, lems of the Indians, Alaskans, Fili- might find the platform broad enough pinos, Hawaiians, and Porto Ricans. for their fellowwship in the work of Able and thoughtful papers and ad- improving the condition of these dresses set forth the needs and various peoples. As Wendell Phil- progress of the work for the uplift lips,, himself an evannggeelliCic'al believer, of these aborigines and islanders. A worked side by side with Garrison very notable speech was delivered and Theodore Parker for the emanci- by Charles Doxon, himself 'an Onon- pation of the slave, so those who hold . daga Indian, and which alone com- different views even as to the deity pensated for. a journey to Lake Mo- of Christ and the necessity of receiv- honk. It indicates a sufficient an- ing life through Him, join hands to swer to the problems and perplexi- raise the level of the inhabitants of ties of the Indi'an problem. these territories 'aand islands under the jurisdiction of the United States.

The tone of the conference was, on the whole, ' however, evangelical, and more than in some years past the distinctively .Christian mission- are spirit found expression.

Among others whose presence contributed largely to the value of the discussions were Commissioner F. E. Leupp, of the Indian Office, 'ViVvashington; Dr. Merrill E. Gates, Dr. Sheldon Jackson, of Alaska fame, Principal H. B. Frissell of Hampton, Rev. John B. Devins, Dr. Lyman Abbot, and William Hayes Ward.

One of the facts which shows the support. The hospital, school, and progress during the last twenty-five workshop have been mighty auxilia- years in the government care for ries to the Church in bringing Indians, the Indians is that when these con- Hawaiians, and others out of darkness ferences first convened dnly $40,000 into light. The eloquent address was expended on Indian education. of Charles Doxon,an Onondaga In- Now, however, $3,000,000 are de- dian, who, sixteen years ago, was voted to this purpose alone. graduated from Hampton Institute, after six years of work by day and One point strongly emphasized was study by night, was the best evidence the necessity of going to these unde- of what can be accomplished by Chris- veloped peoples with the Bible in one tian industrial education such as the hand and something else in the other. Indians.and Negroes receive at Hamp- -That something else was explained to ton. Mr. Doxon is an expert machin- include common school books and im- ist and an earnest Christian. plements for teaching industrial self- THE MORAL INFLUENCE OF INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION BY CHARLES DOXON An Indian of the Onondaga Tribe, New York When we speak of industrial edu- some of the reasons for this discour- cation we generally have in mind its aging condition. In the first place, the skill and intelligence rather than its Indians wished to live by themselves moral side; yet this is the side most and continue the life which they be- needed by the backward races who lieved to be the best. Hence, when- have never learned the value of steady ever they were forced to make a treaty habits of industry and independent they always insisted on separation, self-support. With your permanent and the other party was only too glad habit of industry you can develop this to grant it. In this way the reserva- side without the inherited resistance tion system became established, and with which we have to contend. White we were allowed to live in barbarism boys and girls take up higher branches even to this day.. And in some parts of industrial education with the en- of the country where the tribes are thusiasm, fascination, and a firm hope supposed to be in the midst of civili- which help them to rise rapidly to that zation, we have gone into even worse standard of knowledge that secures than barbarism, because, having lost them the reward for which they seek. our primitive virtues, and being in our But in the case of the race you found infancy, we can reach only the lowest on this continent, whose permanent fruits on the tree of civilization. The – habits are so different from yours; we cure is, not to amputate our poor. can not suppose that it will succeed hands, but to train them to help us rise quite as fast in efforts for higher de- higher to where industry becomes velopment. From my experience with cheerful through the training of our your civilization, I think I can see heads and our hearts also. No man

THE DEPENDENT PEOPLES OF

willingly engages in anything he does grade of civilization and have become not love; and no intelligent man loves self-supporting and independent citi- a work that does not interest his mind. zens. The majority are not quite so' Industrial education, in its broadest successful, and are as yet only half sense, awakens his interest, and there- civilized. Now, when you half civilize fore offers an infinite opportunity for a man he will still remain half barba- pleasure and content that only waits rian. I have seen a few of such men on the development of our capacity of the white race in the shops where I to appreciate it. Civilization is, there- have worked, and I have noticed they fore, an unmixed 'blessing to those are not desirable employees, nor desirthat are trained, but it is cruel to the able fellow workmen, nor desirable untrained. It was through seeing how neighbors. No employer wishes to much we were suffering here in the keep a man that will or can do only East, I think, that the country finally half of his duties; no intelligent workrealized its duty and began to break man wishes to work along side of a down the walls which it had put up, half-trained man; and no civilized first by establishing schools and, as family wishes to live next to a half soon as seems best, giving the Indians civilized family. So half-trained men the rights of citizenship. Ou'r thanks meet opposition all around, which are due to General Armstrong and makes them discontented and grum- General Pratt for leading the way, blers. When you properly train every man and woman in the country, the A fe>' years ago I visited one of the labor problem, the Negro problem, and large Western schools, and as I looked the Indian problem will be solved, I on those students in their recitation- think. rooms and in their shops, my heart was filled with joy and sympathy: joy But your patience is taxed because, because of the opportunity they were once free from school, we do not alhaving, and sympathy because of the ways go on and improve ourselves. We difficulties with which they were strug- seem to stop about where you leave us. gling, difficulties with which I am fa- This is because we are not working on miliar. the principle of fascination or inspi- ration, or whatever it is, that carries When a young man I was afraid one through every difficulty to fulfil a of going outside of the reservation be- definite purpose. Hence our great need, cause I could not understand the Eng- I think, is of a more complete training lish language, and the word, or the with such methods as shall make us idea, of work used to.frighten me. So permanently skilful in .our hands, init took all the courage I could gather telligent in our heads, and Christian in up to enable me to make up my mind our hearts; the qualities without which to leave the reservation and find work no man can ever hope to become a among white people. But I did it, and desirable employee, fellow workman, my experience has taught me that, as or neighbor. a rule, success must depend upon the method and the length of time of train- Whatever success I have had is due ing. Many of the graduates and re- to my ability to hold my own alongturned students of the Indian schools side of many white workmen. My have already acquired an advanced ability to hold my own is largely due·

to the kind of training I received at ing the term some of the boys organ- Hampton. I went there with only a ized themselves into what is known as tew words of English, my main ob- the educational committee. We met ject being to learn that language. one night each week and discussed When I got there I found that as a matters of importance to our race. New York Indian I would not get any Having come from different parts of qid from the government, and that if the country and from different schools, I would stay I must work. I decided we were able to compare conditions to stay, and they put me at the engi- and discuss methods of work. Our neer's trade and into night school. In 'knowledge of returned students the first year I had to get up steam proved beyond doubt that the successfrom four o'clock in the morning until ful ones are those who have had the six in the evening every week day, and most training. In consequence of all from five in the morning until six in this, the boys drew up a petition, in a the evening on Sundays and holidays. very modest form, which they hope The night schob! kept me busy until to present to the government, asking nine every night. After six years I for an advanced industrial school to was able to speak English fairly which young Indians coming from well; I had a trade and an academic non-reservation schools can go and diploma. Then began my life in shops, perfect themselves in their trades by which lasted sixteen years. At first it actual labor of all day and every day, was not all smooth and pleasant. The and by the practise of steady habits men looked upon me as a sort of cu- of industry which must mean selfriosity. This was partly because I support, even while still in training. was the only Indian in the shop. But I believe that if such a school could be I found out afterward that every new established it would in a short time, man has to undergo some sort of test, through its students, advance the Inand if he shows a character equal to dian race more rapidly and surely or above the demands made upon it, he th;m anything else, and prove a great has no more trouble. My test was by help toward settling the Indian probno means an easy one. I learned that lem for ever. I was up against men of more mature judgment than my own, and felt Will the government do thiS for the my limited knowledge of the world. Western boys and girls? Will New It was ortly by the greatest effort to York State do this for the boys and improve myself that I was able to hold girls of the once powerful Iroquois? the confidence of my fellow workmen; and finally, by aid of the correspon- Weare still a child race in the eyes dence school, my work became more of civilization, not ignorant of the and more interesting, and even at common necessities of life, but still igtimes inspiring. norant of the higher necessities, and we ask for our children, not what has Being disabled from my work by been taken away from them, but what an accident, I spent last winter at has been withheld-the industrial edu- Hampton with the Indian boys. Dur- cation that shall fit them for full citi- zenship.

DEPENDENT PEOPLES OF

LIGHT FOR HAWAII A strong appea~ was also delivered Hampton Institute, for it was here the by Theodore Richards, of Honolulu, great Armstrong of Hawaii confessed- in behalf of more educational and ly derived his inspiration in applying spiritual lighthouses for Hawaii. the principles of self-help to the Ne- After calling attention to the need for groes. The present head of the Hila coast defense against the storms of Boarding-School is a spiritual success- nature and of human enemies, Mr. or of his grandfather, who was known Richards took up his parable and as "Father Lyman," the founder of showed the results of Christian educa- the school. At Hila they are still pinch- tion in Hawaii and the need for more ing and contriving to make both ends of the same bnd of "lighthouses." meet, while last year they built, mostly He said in conclusion: with their own hands, a commodious Public schools at their best, their dormitory in concrete. Fine, simple- most ardent champion being their minded, industrious, God-fearing Ha- judge, are yet inadequate. The high- waiian gentlemen have come from that est test brought to bear on them is school.

their effect in the upbuilding of the Refined Christian gentlemen in truly American home. It is, of course, eighty years of civilization? Aye, we long since admitted that no school can may vary and revamp the trite things take the place of the home ~ but for said about nature races and the ages the very defense of our own homes, required for evolutionary develop- some agency must be set to work in ment and still the tritest thing remains those households whence might issue to be said-certainly it must be trite a progeny of darkness, disease, and in this presence-viz., that just the dirt. The Christian boarding-school is acquaintaince with the matchless Man the next best agency to the Christian of the Ages is a transformer of char- home. acter which makes no account of time The islands have maintained board- nor stages of development.

ing-schools for native Hawaiians from Again a trite thing: It is the privi- the earliest times. There is Lahaina- lege. of quite plain men, in their daily luna, the first manual training-school contact with their pupils, to make that west of the Mississippi. Here were same Master the most real personage educated many of the' best men of the in the universe. By His virtual repro- Hawaiian race – preachers, public duction there "transpires" a culture men, and farmers-who, while they and refinement which transcend all studied, worked with their hands for our time vocabulary, for these are the the very food they ate. The school same stuff with eternity. Surely must flourishes still under excellent manage- the people take notice of any Peter ment, and as a part of the public school and John in determining the source of system of Hawaii, with far better their culture. We of this age seem to equipment than of old. be slower and still prate of evolution.

Nearly 'contemporary with Lahaina- Tho flashes on the Damascus road luna is the Hila Boys' Boarding-School may be rare, the miracle is chiefly this: mother to many, chiefly, perhaps, to not that one glance could make a Paul,

but that any amount of contemplation It is a private school founded in 1887 of the "man on the throne" could do it. for boys and girls of Hawaiian blood.

So much for the time element in char- The manual department graduated its acter building. As to the "how," is it first class in 1891, and from that time not reasonably clear that we have not till 1903 have graduated one hundred advanced educationally beyond this: and thirty-seven boys who have min- that boys and girls need most to touch gled with Christian teachers and have living men and women who embody been trained in agriculture, but chiefly the Master, mind and spirit? in the manual arts. This gives us Nor in Hawaii have girls been with- twelve years on which to base judg- out sane handling in Christian indus- ment as to results.

trial schools. Early at Kawaiahao, We first notice that altho the Ha- Kohala, and Maunaolu were semina- waiian race is generally regarded as ries' established, and they are still in dying out, but four per cent. of deaths successful operation. We do not pre- have occurred in fifteen years, altho tend to have covered all the ground the restrictions of school life have been hel:e; others might be mentioned laid off.

which, with these, represent one of the We note likewise that the strength best forms of investment possible to· of the accent in the instruction has anyone in league against darkness. determined largely the character of . And the Mid-Pacific Institute, stilI the employment, and that eighty-one in embryo, from its commanding site per cent. are known to be profitably on the Palolo Heights, wilI shed more employed. This is a triumph, for it light to the safety of Hawaii than the must be considered that all these are biggest lighthouse reflector Honolulu Hawaiians-conceded to be fonder of will ever see. For its Chinese school, ease than of toil. (No one has suc- splendid in its history and big with ceeded in finding any reason why they portent, faces the awakening millions should have toiled much hereto- of our keenest competitor, and trans- fore.) forms foes into friends. Its Japanese Then, for the safety of your coast department flashes toward the North- and ours, give us back three-fourths west whence come the race whose mar- of our contribution to the Federal gov- velously quick imitation and adoption ernment-to build new schoolhouses- of American institutions is fast ma- to equip every schoolhouse with good king them formidable rivals. This tools and a simple agricultural plant- school says to them: "Imitate here; to raise the salaries of all teachers, adapt yourself to this-the key to arbitrarily reduced on account of short American greatness." And the Portu- funds-to hire other and better guese and Hawaiian departments bear .equipped American teachers.

witness to the efficacy of that form. of Give us money besides to aid Chris- training which illumines while it cul- tian boarding-schools, which any of tivates heart and hand and head (we you can do without violence to your purpQsely invert the usual order), and denominational loyalty, for non-secta- then incites to honest toil. rian, Congregational, Episcopal, Ro- In this connection the record of man Catholic, and Methodist schools Kamehameha School is illuminating. are represented in Hawaii.

19Q6] THE DEPENDENT PEOPLES OF AMERICA

THE MOHONK PLATFORM The following platform, indicating individual holdi'ngs as fast as they are progress and needs in Indian and island reform, was drawn up by the able to learn the use of money. . business committee, and after some discussion, was adopted by the Con- That in one or more of the larger In- dian industrial training schools the course of study be so extended that graduates can pass from them into the agricultural and mechanical colleges ference: maintained in the States and Territories. That Congress by definite legislation The work of this con"ierence is to prohibit the use of Indian trust funds by consider and advise as to the present the government for the instruction or support of Indian students in schools unduties of our government and our der ecclesiastical control. peopl~ in behalf of those peoples That we call the attention of the which are under our control, but are Christian churches and all other relignot yet fitted for self-government. It ious bodies to the urgent need of cois the belief of this conference that operation in promoting the spiritual upsuch a condition should not continue lifting of the Indians. indefinitely. It should be the aim of our government to develop these peo- For Alaska ples by the processes of intelIectual, moral, and spiritual education into the That Congress amend the law provi- ding for the election of a delegate from Alaska, by giving citizenship and the right of suffrage to such native men of exercise of full, self-governing citizen- twenty-one years and upward as can read and write. ship, whether they be Indians, Eski– That the general government provide mas, Porto Ricans, or Filipinos. an adequate system of industrial and day Each step gained requires other schools for the natives of Alaska, with steps to follow. We recommend the compulsory attendance; and that it pro- vide for hospitals and sanitary care, and following steps of advance, in the gen- that such schools and also the care of eral policy 'of our government toward the reindeer herds be kept under the our detached territories and possess- charge of the bureau of education.

ions: That a sufficient number of courts be That Congress segregate and de- established in Alaska for the effective ad- ministration of justice. vote to the use of our detached territories and possessions the revenues For Porto Rico derived by the Federal government therefrom, after paying the cost of That citizenship be conferred upon its people as recommended by the Presi- dent.

administration. That industrial training be given a That it is the duty of the general place in all elementary schools and that trade schools be established at convegovernment to assure the provision of nient locations. an adequate school system, carried on so' far as possible in the English That the need of hospitals, dispenlariguage, for all children of school saries and medical relief be called to the age in all our territories and insular attention of those engaged in philanpossessions; and that where the local thropic work.

For Hawaii revenues do not suffice the cost be paid That the customs dues lost to that terby the general government. ritory by its annexation to the United In particular, we recommend- States be restored to it, after the ex- penses of administration are deducted, For Our Indian Tribes so that such funds may be used for edu- cation and for other local purposes. That the registration of all Indians with their family relationships be speed- For the Philippines ily completed at every agency and that That the Bill passed by the House of the expense be paid by the government. Representatives, providing for reduction That the purpose of the Lacey Bill for of the tariff, be adopted by the Senate.

the division of tribal funds into individ- That the system of civil government ual holdings be approved, and that such so wisely created by Congress be ex- ·division be made effective as speedily as tended as rapidly as peaceful conditions possible, and that Indians be paid their may allow.

DAVIDSON MACDONALD. M.D.. OF JAPAN 1<

BY REV. G. M. MEACHAM, D.D.

In the valedictory missionary meet- that he was not disobedient to the ing, held in the Metropolitan Church, heavenly call. Toronto, in 1873, when many friends gathered to say good-by to. the two Shortly after their arrival in Japan outgoing missionaries, Rev. George there came an invitation for one of the C;:ochran and the Rev. Dr. Macdonald, two missionaries to go into the inthe latter said: "I fully believe in terior. He said he felt that he ought Christian missions, and that the om- to go, and he went-this despite many nipotent power of the Savior gives dissuasions from very intelligent assurance of success. I believe in the foreigners. Mr. Clark, now the Rev. divine inspiration and authority of the Dr. Clark, of New York, who had pre- Bible, in the divinity and humanity ceded him as a teacher in Shidzuoka, of Christ and in the atonement which and had been furnished by the govern- He has made, that He came into the ment' with a body-guard, told him of world to seek and to save the lost, in the strong antiforeign feeling among which good work He has associated the Samurai, who had cut down a His Church with Himself." With re- number of foreigners. The very night gard to his call, he said that at the of their arrival in Shidzuoka he was time of his conversion the question asked to go at once some distance in arose: Will you preach the Gospel the country to visit a sick person. He or will you go to the ends of the left his wife alone among the Japanese earth if required? It seemed that an and went. It was a brave act and affirmative answer to this was neces- showed the spirit of his life. Who sary as a condition of obtaining the would have guessed nine years before, peace he sought. Of the promise he when he was ordained to the office and thus made as to going abroad he work of the Christian ministry, that thought no more till asked if he would such a heroic spirit was slumbering in go to Japan. Then it came back to the youth? A mighty passion was alhim and he could not refuse. He did ready sleeping within him like music go resolving to live near to God and in a quiet harp. to do the work which He indicated in the strength which He had promised Of the years he spent in Shidzuoka to bestow. From the lines he here laid the monument he left behind was a down I do not think he ever swerved. church, the strongest probably in the So far as I know, he held firmly to the whole empire at that time outside the truths which he then profest to. be- big cities. The Rev. O. H. Gulick's lieve to his dying day. Faithful to his testimony to me on the matter was of early promise to God, he went to Japan the highest character. Then Dr. Macwithout gainsaying, assuredly gath- donald came home, and when he reering that the Lord had called him to turned it was to take charge of our preach the Gospel in the ends of the work in the empire and to settle down earth. And I do not think that he in Tokio. It is impossible here to get was ever sorry even for one moment an adequate conception of the social and religious atmosphere of Tokio and Yokohama in the seventies and early • An address delivered at the Memorial Service, held in Carleton Street Methodist Church, Toronto. Reported for the REVIEW. eighties. We came in contact with with Paul to have been in labors more men of all nationalities, of all religions, abundant. But for a good many years and of no religion. In that great toward the end he had ceased to house there were "vessels of gold and preach and to teach. Not that his silver, and also of wood and of earth- hands were less filled with toil for some to honor and some to dishonor." others. As the superintendent of our Dishonor? Yes, verily, deepest, black- mission and as a medical practitioner, est dishonor, tho occupying high po- he was still as active and laborious as sitions in society and endowed with ever. How tireless he was in doing fine abilities and elegant manners. good! What 'a passion he had for re- Others there were of highest character lieving suffering and for saving life!

and noblest aims, who seemed to grow How gentle in the sick-room! What in splendor through the advancing comfort and hope he inspired! How years. Of course the principle of selec- faithful and indefatigable in his atten- tion is always at work, and one's tions till danger was past! Noone friends are for the most part con- who has been sick, or has had sick genial spirits, whose principles of ones, and been ministered to by him, judgment and action on great ques- who in many respects resembled the tions are in general agreement with doctor in "Bonnie Briar Bush," can one's own. Not that even the best of ever forget what he was to them. And friends always think alike on all ques- he was skilful as well as tender. He tions. Far from it. But differences kept up his study in his professional with such men, while the true Chris- work. As a medical missionary in our tian spirit of love prevails, are more section of the empire he was easily harmonious than apparently perfect first. He was one of the physicians in accord with some others, and would the service of the British Legation.

form a part of the highest music of And among all denominations and in our sphere. In such an atmosphere all the nationalities he stood high in Dr. Macdonald lived and moved and favor. When he failed to cure a pa- had his being. There among Christian tient, the case was considered beyond people of all branches of the Christian human skill. The two pioneer mis- Church, among the polished and re- sionaries of our Church to Japan have fined Japanese, "the niceties of whose both gone to their reward. Our mis- etiquette approach the character of an sionaries to Japan who have died lie exact science," and among other high- widely scattered-the Rev. T. A.

bred men and women he grew to be Large, B.A., Mrs. Meacham, and Miss the stately and dignified gentleman we Belton, in the beautiful Aoytama ceme- have known these many years. tery, Tokio; Dr. Cochran in Los An- I think it was when he went to geles, Cal.; aud Dr. Macdonald in Japan that he offered up the fervent Wellington, Ont.-all faithful. And prayer that he might always have a he on whose tomb to-night we plenty of work to do. That prayer would cast our immortelles wrote, on was answered. In his multitudinous August 3r, 1874, from Shidzuoka: labors as a teacher, an evangelist, a "It is my earnest desire to win souls to medical man, in his earlier years in Christ, and I am trying, whether in Japan he could have justly claimed visiting the sick, dispensing medicines,

teaching the English language on week which lately have attracted the admiradays or the Bible on Sunday, to do all tion of the world; and (3) with modto the glory of God." ern infidelity imported from Europe and America, which has bred a large It does not require large room for number of agnostics and atheists. world-wide problems to be wrought Through it all his faith never faltered, out. When you sit before your open nor did his hope give way. His faith grate, piled high with coals, set them rested upon the great founder of on fire and in that little room you will Christianity, who, when He sat upon witness the operation. of some of na- the throne, said: "Behold, I make all ture's grandest laws. You will have things new." And when the doctor light and heat, radiation, absorption, saw a great shaking going on, he was reflection, conduction. Currents of undisturbed, for he knew that it was air are set agoing, chemical changes that those things which can not be wrought out the results of certain shaken may remain. He subscribed to ble vapors and the elements melting the saying of some one: "Other rewith fervent heat. So in Japan, a ligions rise and fall, but Christ comes microcosm in the larger world, are down through the ages with the dew wrought out the results b£ certain of youth upon His brow and His bow principles of no mere local or tem- abides in strength. While the microporary interest, but of permanent and scope and telescope and steam and the universal concern. Through what printing-press and the telegraph are rapid changes that country has passed smiting other religions into the dust, since our first missionaries reached its Christ makes them the heralds and shores! What prodigious revolutions auxiliaries of His ever-expanding emhave been wrought in government, pire." And he lived long enough to commerce, education, in her army see a silent but mighty revolution efand navy, and in the manifold appli- fected in individual characters, in cations of our latest sciences! But it family and social life and in the moral is not on these things that I would condition of multitudes of Japanese in dwell. It was only the year before high places and in low, andlChristianity the arrival of our first missionaries in very widely recognized as a system of Japan that the first Japanese Protes- religion, consonant with reason and tant Church was organized. Dr. Mac- carrying blessings to its followers. donald witnessed, therefore, much of the struggle of Christianity (I). with What is the great lesson Dr. Mac- Japanese paganrsm, which had noth- donald's life teaches us but to work ing of the classic beauty of the ancient while it is day; to work hard, self-demythology of Greece, descending in- nyingly, rejoicingly, giving of our best deed to phallis worship and the wor- to make the world brighter, and to ship of serpents and devils; (2) with usher in the glorious day when the the abol;mding immorality and corrup- kingdom of this world shall have betion, which had a place in a civiliza- come the Kingdom of our Lord Jesus tion that nevertheless developed those Christ. Surely this is the best way to virile virtues and masterful qualities live, and it is best to live the best way.

A DUTCH MISSIONARY

The custom of holding an annual Twenty years aga nearly all 'Of these harvest-picnic for foreign missions is churches were home missianary quite common in the Middle West fields and received aid from the among the Germans, and especially Church Building Fund and in the among the Hollanders. T'he idea support 'Of their pastars. Naow they comes from across the ,water, where are noa loanger a missian field but a a "Zendingsfeest" is a great thing missioan faorrce and a striking illustrafor interdenominational mIssIOnary tion how work far the immigrant work. I remember one I attended populatioan is also woark faor the nonin 1&)0 held at Zeist by the Mora- Christian natioans abroad . vian churches 'oOff the Netherlands ; it was my first experience, but I shall The Refoarmed Churches o'Of Sioaux never forget the enthusiasm and the County celebrated their annual mis,- out-oaf-doaoar 'heartiness 'oOff that saort 'Of sioan feast at the Roauwenhoarst gr'oave convention. twao and a half miles noarth 'oOff Orange City. In the neighboarhoaoad o'Of 3,000 It will be interesting to those who peoaple fraom all over the coaunty were have never had the oappartunity and present. Conditions were ideal this privilege of attending o'Onne o'Of these year-the roads were fine, the day Dutch missioanary gatherings in the one of the fairest o'Of the beautiful West to hear o'Of two in Iowa. They autumn, and the people were in the were held by the group of churches best o'Of spirits. Even at an early belonging tao the Classes of Ioawa in hour a large crowd had assembled in Sioaunx Coaunnty and at Pella. This the grave. Theeprpereppaarraattiiaonns for graup of churches might be called "a the feast were excellent-a very Gibraltar of aorthodoaxy and a Klondike large stock 'oOff eatables had been supfor missions." They stand nearly at plied and were offered faor sale at the the head of the list of Classes in our canteens. denomination and contributed last year oaver seven thousand doallars for In the grove at 100..22'0 the gathering foreign missians, which means more was called to order by Rev. A. M. than two dollars per member. Van Duine, president 'oOff the day, whoa welcomed the peoaple in a few

well-chosen words and offered prayer wagons, carriages and automobiles for God's presence and the guidance of that came from every quarter for His spirit during the day, and also miles to the festival, and also by a thanked God for His bounteous gifts rough count from the platform, to which enabled them to offer willingly be 3 ,000, as stated. It was impossible to His work. The following program to photograph the crowds in the dark of the meeting here reproduced in the grove, but a snapshot was taken of the original is intelligible even to those long procession of vehicles. who do not understand the Holland tongue: rROGRAM van het Zendingsfeest der Ger. gem. in Sioux Co•• daatt staat gehouden te worden in RouweennhhooIr'sts boscb, 2! mijl n. van Orange City, op Wooeennsdag, 5 Sept., 1006.

Aanvang 10 nunur v. ImD. Zingen Ps., 89:2, 72:6 Gebed door den Voorzitter. Rev. v. lJuine Gebed vVOoOoIr' de Zeulldliu!lf', KRev. A. W,~.. Dce Jong , HuHll, laa. De be oefiten OUDzeelr' Zenudingsveldenu, Rev. S. Rice!p,ma, Hospers, lIa. Gebed, Rev. Engelsman, Zingen Ps. 7'2:11 Panuze. Velr'slag van den Sec.-Penn. Arab. Syndicate Rev. P. Ibrman, Maurice, la. Onze kinderen voor de Zending, Rev. S. lJlift. Zwelrlnler, D.D., Arabie THHlBI: FA.::''HHEERRS' MISSIONARY EXHIBIT Zingen en inzameliog van gifteu voor due Zending. . A second interesting feature of Lecvenssebets vaun Rev. Jobn DeWitt Tal- such a mission festival is the "can- teen," where fruit,, coffee, ice cream, mage, Zendellng In Amoy, Cbina, "' cakeJ etc., are sold. The profits all Rev. H. P. Schuunurmanus, Leota, Minn . go toward the work of missions. It was an interesting sight to see how Beslnuit. Gezang. Gebed door Rev. DeP:r'ee the Hollander utilized this one occa- sion for large family reunions and Altho the program was solid, it was the meeting of friends during the not heavy; yet the Hollander loves to intermission between the morning have his missionary address based se- and evening sessions. curely on the word of God and not emphasized by stories, but by a "Thus In one corner of the large grove saith the Lord." there was a missionary exhibit" where a large chart showed the re- The president of the gathering in- lation of the American farme"rs to troduced the speakers and urged the foreign missions by exhibbiiting to collection. The topics discussed the public the immense value of agriwere practical, and never·' Ihave I cultural products each year in comseen an . audience -iin the open air more intensely interested in what the speakers had to say.

The number present was estimated, iboth by counting the

parison with the small sum given fo~ the sum to nearly nine hundred dolthe extension of God's Kingdom. lars. With the profit of the "can- teen" this netted over twelve hun- Hundreds of leaflets were freely dred dollars to be divided between distributed and from a complete ex- our Home and Foreign missions, a'S hibit of all the publications of our is their custom. Board, orders were taken for others by many young people'; societies It was an inspiration to sit on the and churches. Everybody seemed platform and watch such a gathering pleased with this feature of the fes- as well as to carry them a message. tival. There is a well-founded report, that the Sioux County churches will soon Last and best, there was the of- assume the support of four more fering. This always has the place missionaries in addition to their of honor at a Dutch missionary pic- THE CROWD LEAVING AFTER THE COM'PLETION OF THE PROGRAM nic and everything is used to bring present gifts and the supporting of it into prominence. After singing their two missionaries in Arabia. psalms in the long meter, led by brass band instrumehts, and hearing One farmer did not seem to be satan exhortation on "The Needof Sac- isfied with the collection taken and rifice for Missions and the Respon- came offering a gift of one thousand sibility of Wealth," by the president dollars for missions during the curof the day, the people were ready rent year for special work. to do that for which they had come. Another man who could not at- The collection is taken on such oc- tend the festival met me on the casions by all the clergymen pres- street in Orange City and said that ent, who act as deacons and pass he was unable to go, but gave fifteen their own hats. Vhen the returns dollars to put into the offering as of the first collection were in, they his share! were not entirely satisfactory to those in charge and so a second of- There is no doubt that such genfering was taken, which completed uine and extraordinary liberality' is the fruit of a life of prayer and con- secration ilnl the home; and the hope

of the church in the West is in the for such a missionary Keswick. strengthening of home mission work When the clergy gathered to count for the sake of the foreign enterprise. the collection they found $415 in cash and the canteen profits were The second mission festival was over -$100 more. Comparing such held by another group of Dutch hilarious giving with the "poor dychurches -at Pella in central Iowa. ing rate" of many wealthy city The gathering was not as large in churches, we are apt to say with numbers, but, if possible still more Gideon, "Is not the gleaning of the enthusiastic for the cause. The grapes of Ephraim better than the grove where they met was close to vintage of Abiezer?" the village and was an ideal spot AMONG THE HEAD-HUNTERS OF BORNEO* BY REV. H. L. E. LUERING Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church Borneo, the largest island of the the beneficent rule of Rajah Brooke, Malay Archipelago, attracted the at- the successor of his illustrious uncle, tention of the friends of missions at who has done more for the civilization an early date. Especially in Germany of at least a part of Borneo than any interest was aroused in the natives of other white man. the island by the descriptions of modern travelers and by the reports of The extreme north of the island of officials of the Dutch government. Borneo is occupied by the territory of The :Missionary Society of Barmen, the British North Borneo Company, therefore, commenced work among an English trading firm resembling in the Dyaks, starting from the Dutch its purposes more or less the old East military post of Bandjermasin, in India Company. This district had been Southern Borneo. But in the year left to itself as far as missionary effort 1856 a revolt against the Dutch gov- was concerned, and being the most unernment wiped out every evidence of known part of the island, it was also the mission work by the murder of the the most uncivilized. A large number missionaries. For a number of years of peoples speak different tongues, no attempt was made to reestablish some resembling those of the Philipthe mission, but finally it was or- pine Islands. They were constantly ganized again, and at present a wide at war with each other, and their interest has been awakened and con- houses were decorated with the siderable success seems to be assured. smoked heads of their defeated Farther in the northwest the British enemies as trophies of war and em- Society for the Propagation of the blems of tribal bravery. They lived Gospel opened work among the more with no other foreign influence than or less civilized inhabitants of the that of the supercilious and oppressive State of Sarawak. This state is under Malay settler and the Chinese trader, who under European influence im- • A chapter from" The Pacific Islanders," the new volume of life stories of missionaries and native Christians in the Islands of the Sea. By D. L. Pierson. Published by Funk & Wagnalls Co. $1.00, net.

THE HEAD-HUNTERS OF

ported the deadly opium poison which tho the population was not as dense as demoralized the weaker Dyak more one would have liked. I was permitted rapidly even than the more wiry Chi- at once to commence work among the nese. Into this country the Methodist Malays and Chinese, whose languages Episcopal Church sent its first mis- I had mastered, and I immediately atsionary, in February of the year 1891. tempted the acquisition of the lan- guages of the Kenowits and other Bor- In the company of the superintend- nean tribes. My work in connection ent of the Malaysia Mission, the Rev. with the erection of my house greatly assisted me. I had engaged two na- Dr. J. C.Floyd, I reached Sandakan, tives to help me in the cutting and pre- paring of timber, and their gossip and the capital of the state, where the other conversation as well as the talkgovernor pointed out the strategic im- ing of visitors to the scene of our portance of a mission at Limbawang, labors provided me with the best opabout five days' journey from Kimanis portunity of hearing the languages on the river of the same name. We spoken. An ever ready note-book and proceeded, therefore, to Kimanis, from pencil fixed words and phrases in my whence after a short time Dr. Floyd vocabulary, and, in turn, these were returned to his headquarters in Singa- used on the first opportunity to verify pore. their meaning.

Soon after there was a flood be- In this way I acquired enough of' tween Limbawang and Kimanis, fol- the language, in a comparatively short lowed by' an outbreak of a peculiar time, to enable me to commence an orsemireligious riot in the interior, and ganized effort to teach the children a famine. These prevented me reach- and instruct the grown-up people in ing the heart of Limbawang, and after the Gospel and in other useful inforcareful consideration I decided to ac- mation. Meanwhile I gained a deeper cept the invitation of the native chief- knowledge of the manners and cus~ tain of Kimanis, of the tribe of the toms and religious views of the peo~ Kenowits, to settle there. I erected pie. The head-hunting propensities of my mission house on the northern the Dyaks are welI known to the stubank of the river, opposite the large dent of ethnology. I learned that the tribal house of Anakonda Unsang, the leading thought in the taking of heads chieftain, on the other side of the river. was the idea that the conqueror could There were a few Malay settlements secure the "soul" of the conquered and near by toward the seacoast, as weI] as add it to his own soul, increasing a number of Chinese stores, but a lit- thereby his courage and strength and tle farther away there were villages of consequently his reputation as a hero, Dusuns or Kadasans, Muruts and as long as the head of the victim re- Peluans, all Bornean tribes, speaking mained in his possession. It is theredifferent languages. Some were fore the custom of the people after refugees from the Philippines, who battle, to wrap the conquered heads in had fled from Spanish justice or the a loose crate of rattan and to smoke more obnoxious oppression of the them over a fire of damp wood and Spanish priest. The majority of these leaves. Then they hang the ghastly people were Bisayas (Visayans). There was therefore no lack of opportunities nor lack of variety of work,

trophies in the houses in bundles hav- my missionary labors. These consisting an uncanny resemblance to gi- ed in teaching a number of boys and gantic grapes, each head forming a adults the Roman alphabet and the berry. It needs no further mention reading of a few simple words, which that these :war trophies are considered had been printed on, two pages in our by the Dyaks their most sacred pos- mission press at Singapore. Some sessions and are guarded with the ut- amount of national prejudice had to most jealousy and vigilance. Their be overcome, as is illustrated by the loss would mean not only a considera- following story: ble decrease of personal prestige, but also the loss of a part of the "soul"- The Dyaks say that at the begini.e, of courage and strength. ning Kinaringan created four classes of men-the yellow men (Chinese), The God Kinaringan the brown men (Malays), the white men (Europeans), and themselves, In the field of religious knowledge men without descriptive epithet. The there is a very general belief in a good yellow men were clever with their and powerful god called Kinaringan, hands, able to do anything that rethe creator of heaven and earth. His quired skill; the brown men excelled blest abode is on the heights of that in the worship of God (being Molofty peak, Kinabalu, not far from the hammedans), bowing before him five Marudu Bay, about forty miles to the times every day; the white men were north of the mission house. Kina- very magicians, causing the iron to ringan is not worshiped, as far as I float and building iron ships which could ascertain, tho evil spirits in- would go over the sea without either numerable are appeased by simple sac- oars or sails, but all three races were rifices, and sometimes exorcised by sadly deficient in the powers of memmagic formulas. The brave Dyak, ory. To remedy this great deficiency however, expects to abide with Kina- Kinaringan prepared letters and charringan after death, and hopes that on acters which he presented to them, in the heavenly heights a handful of which they could write down what grain strewn into the fertile soil will otherwise they would forget. The produce a harvest sufficient for all Dyak did not need this gift, for "we eternity. never forget anything, and therefore have no need of writing!" I have often had the questionable privilege of sitting under the bundles Nevertheless a few acquired the acof heads in the Dyak houses, for that complishment of writing and reading is the seat of honor, and could closely their own names and a few simple examine them. Anakoda Unsang, who words, while the instruction gave us claimed to be my friend, was not a an opportunity of making progress in talkative man, but when roused from the knowledge of the language and his studied stolidity, he would relate the mind of the people. Gradually I the circumstances of many a battle commenced preaching, and both in and victory in the past with apparent private and in public tried to exert gusto, not unwilling to declare his an influence among them. courage and reputed invulnerability. To convey an idea of the difficulty Among these people I commenced of my task-aside from the difficulty of

AMONG THE HEAD-HUNTERS OF BORNEO 9I l

the language-I mention but one in- to Singapore. Our missionary force cident. Speaking of the Divine com- there had been weakened by illness, mand, "Thou shalt not kill," I encoun- the colleague wQom Bishop Thoburn tered a specimen of rather acute logic. had expected to send me had given up "Sir," said one, "you do not fulfil this the thought of mission work in the commandment, for you, too, kill the foreign field, and had engaged in work animals of the forest." "Yes," I re- among the Jews of New York and plied, "but this commandment means: neighborhood, and as the bishop had Thou shalt not kill men." "Oh, surely never relished the ideaof having oneof not," answered my native friend, "for his workers alone in savage surround- does it bring you honor to kill ani- ings, so far from all means of commu- mals?" I answered, "No, we kill them· nication, he urged my taking up work for food, not for honor." "But we," in Singapore. A few years before he replied, "kill men for honor, and that time I had given a solemn prom- we are praised for bringing home the ise at the moment of my ordination heads of our enemies. How can that to "reverently obey them to whom the be sin which brings us honor, while charge and government over you is that which brings you no honor shall committed, following with a glad not be sin?" mind and will their godly admoni- After I had learned more of the re- tions," and as I had been willing to ligious views of the people, I learned go I was not unwilling to return.

to answer this argument. I could re- Nevertheless, it was the saddest mind them of the fact that Kinaringan farewell which I have ever been called in creating men, had endowed them upon to say in leaving a charge. Here with many gifts, the country and all was not merely the affection which that was therein, but that, more price- naturally arises between pastor and less than any other gift, he had given people, but here was the greater need men his own breath or soul, that which and the unfeigned willingness to listen we call life; and would he allow men to the Gospel message, preached in so to ruthlessly take away what he had much weakness, and here was the im- given his people, or would he not probability of finding a successor to severely punish those that destroyed continue the necessary work. I had the life which had proceeded from arranged for a boat to convey me to him? Ulbuan, an island port' to"ward the A very satisfactory proof of the west from Kimanis, where. I could efficiency of the teaching on this sub- hope for a steamer to Singapore once j eet was seen in the fact that in the a week, while the nearer port, Pulo whole neighborhood this side of Lim- Gaya, had only monthlv communica- bawang-within a radius of sixty tion. The boat, which belonged to a miles from my house-no human Chinese (Cantonese) trader, was old head was brought home in triumph and leaky, but we made some neces- during the whole length of my stay sary repairs which, however, did not in Kimanis. stop every leak.

Early in December I received a let- I had conveyed my belongings into ter from the headquarters of our mis- the vessel, and now said good-by fo sion demanding my immediate return the friends which I had made. How

great was the sadness of farewell, how "You do not really seem to want a kind the proffering of little memen- missionary," I said, "for have you fol- toes and farewell gifts, how earnest lowed my teachings, have you become the request for a teacher and mission- a Chris,tian, you or your people ?" ary! The darkness of the evening had fallen upon this sad afternoon of The chieftain now pronounced a leave-taking with the rapidity in which night follows upon day in the heart truth which no missionary should ever of the tropics, and yet I had one im- forget, in saying: "Sir, we have heard portant call to make-the farewell visit your preaching, and as wise men, we to Anakoda Unsang, the chieftain, in have watched your living, and now his tribal house. I had met the Keno- see that both agree, your preaching wits in the afternoon, but the chief- and your living, so that we are will- tain had been absent, so I set out after ing to become Christians. You have sunset to bid him farewell. told us many good things, you have made our mouths water, and now you A D"ak Home withdraw the food and leave us to ourselves. Will you not send us a After ascending the notched, slant- missionary?" ing tree which serves as stairs to the lofty Dyak building, I found him seat- "Anakoda Unsang," I replied, "you ed in company with two of his broth- do not really want a preacher. These ers, in front of a little kerosene oil heads (pointing upward) are dearer lamp, a simple tin vessel filled with to you than a missionary." American Standard oil, which even then had reached Borneo. The cot- (( Do not say so," he replied; "we ton wick produced a smoky reddish surely want a missionary." flame, in the lurid light of which I saw the stalwart figures of the three A sudden thought came to me to Dyaks, and the bundle of head tro- prove the sincerity of the desire of phies overhead, while a few women the savage chieftain, and I said: and children moved to and fro in the "Anakoda Unsang, give me one of deeper darkness. I took my usual seat these heads." before them and the conversation be- gan. Anakoda Unsang had heard of I had intended to explain the reason my intended departure, and wistfully of my extraordinary request, but im- asked: "Why do you leave us? Have mediately the chieftain had grasped the any of us treated you unfairly?" I hilt of his sword with his right hand, could answer this question with a and jumping into a standing position he good conscience, for these men had had dragged the wear;on halfway out been my friends, altho the chieftain of its sheath, while his eyes shot fiery had given less evidence of interest in looks at me. I had never before seen my preaching than anyone else. I a Dyak look so fierce. He stood close explained the reasons of my recall, before me. I had risen from my 'seat and he expressed his regret at my and stretched my right hand toward leaving, asking me to send him another him, so near that I could feel the hot _mis~ionary in my stead. breath which escaped from his widely opened mouth. His lips quivered and his hollow cheeks trembled with ex- citement. It seemed as if he wanted to scream his battle-cry and to strike at me, but his tongue was lamed and

THE HEAD-HUNTERS OF

his hand stayed as if held by a super- lamp had not yet recovered from their natural invisible hand. I looked stead- surprise, but finally they, too, bade me fastly into his eyes, and said as quietly farewell. A few moments later I sped as I could: my way through the dark and presei'It- ly saw the little gleam of light from "Anakoda Unsang, you know me as my own house on the other side of the a man of one word. You have told me river, which I crossed by swimming, to send you a missionary, therefore I holding my precious trophy high over say again, give me one of these heads, my head in my right hand, striking and I will take it with me, and show the wave with my left. it to my friends in Singapore and at home, and say to them, 'See, Anakoda Early the next morning I left Ki- Unsang has broken with the customs manis, and after three days of a stormy of his ancestors; he has given me this and perilous voyage I came to Labuan, head as a pledge that he will become whence in due time I reached Singaa Christian, and that he wishes a mis- pore by steamer. sionary for himself and his people.' Then it may be that I can send you Six months after my departure from a substitute for myself." Borneo, Onakoda Unsang, my friend, was killed in a battle at Limbawang, When I had said this, he closed his where he had been sent to quell a diseyes for a moment, as the tiger does turbance among the tribes, but his peowhen you look into his eyes, and when ple are still waiting (October, 1905), he opened them again, the savage fire for the fulfilment of my promise. I had died out in them. With a jerk he have often shown the ghastly trophy thrust his sword, which had not yet of Borneo in Europe and America, and wholly been uncovered, back into its made my plea. When will we send sheath, sank back into his former seat, missionaries to evangelize the Dyaks and with a motion of his hand he said of North Borneo? quietly, "All right, take one, choose one yourself." THE ABUNDANCE OF RESOURCES Anakoda's brothers, as I now per- Take one example. The last report ceived, had sat motionless gazing at of the Secretary of Agriculture shows the unwonted scene. They remained the farm products of the United so as I took my pocket-knife out of States worth, last year, $6,415,000,000. my pocket, raised myself upon a low Eggs and poultry represent $500,000,- stool, and cut out of a bundle of thirty 000; farm horses, $1,200,000,000: heads that of a young man, wrapped cows, $482,000,000; mules, $252,000,- it into my handkerchief, and said 000. The farm values have advanced good-by to the chief. At this mo- in five years thirty-three and a third ment the chieftain's wife, who must per cent., and farm animals $250,000,- have observed the proceedings, 000. The greatest increase has been in brought a bag plaited of screw-pine the fertile Mississippi Valley. What leaves, into which I placed the head might not the Church do for God if with the handkerchief. The two the abundance of the soil were consebrothers sitting with us around the crated!

01 Tlte Assembly

THE CROWD IN THE GARDEN OF THE BRITISH LEGATION AT TEHERAN, PERSIA This picture tells the story of an awakening of tlhle Persians. About 1,200 of the leading men made a demonstration In order to secure a representative assembly for reforms in government. The missionaries are teaching the people to desire righteousness.

DR. LARAA.RBEE IN HIS STUDY AT URUMKI.A

REV. BENJAMIN LABAREE, OF PERSIA Rev. Benjamin Labaree, D.D., was of illness in his family, and spent seven born in 1834 in Tennessee, where his years in America. During a part of father was engaged in home mission- this time he was engaged in literary' ary work. A few years later the work in Syriac, and for several years family returned to New England, and was home secretary of the Presbyterian the father was for many years presi- Board of Foreign Missions. dent of Middlebury College, Vermont. Here Benjamin Labaree was educated, In the spring of 1898 he was sorely being graduated in 1854, and after bereaved by the death of a daughter, teaching for two years he entered and within a few days afterward his Andover Theological Seminary. One wife was also called Home. In the folyear (1859-60) was spent in medical lowing fall he returned to Persia, destudies and other preparations for his siring to end his days on the field. missionary career, after which (in 1860) he and his wife sailed to join The crueel1murder of his son, Benjathe American Mission to the Nes- min Woods Labaree, in March, 1904, tbrians at U rumia, Persia. From that at the hands of Mohammedan fanatics, time until his death, with the exception was a blow from which he never reof a few years, he was actively con- covered, but the coming of his second nected with the work in Persia. son, Robert, to take up the work of his brother, was an unspeakable joy to the For a few years he gave up his con- stricken father. nection with the mission, on account In the spring of 1906 Doctor Laba- ree began to fail in health, and aCcCcOomID-

panied by his son started for Amer- knowledged leader of the mission ica, hoping to find relief. He grew force. There is no one to fill his place. rapidly worse, however, and on the voyage across the Atlantic his spirit "Dr. Labaree had a large share of took its flight to God, who gave it. sorrow in his life. The violent death His body was brought to New York of his son and its sad consequences and a simple funeral service was held were an overwhelming grief. He bore on May 21st, in the Chapel of the his afflictions with faith and patience Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church. and through them God enriched his soul. The outpouring of the Holy Memorial services were also held in Spirit on the churches last winter was U rumia, at which heartfelt tributes a deep joy to him. The greatest desire were paid to his life and work by mis- of his he'lrt was that there might be a sionaries and natives. These addresses spiritual awakening. were published in the Rays of Light, the Syriac family. paper, which has "When the blessing came no one been a great factor in the enlighten- was as happy as he. His entire life ment of the people, and of which Dr. was spent in service for Persia-faith- Labaree was for many years the edi- ful, quiet service, for the most part tor. Mr. Shedd's remarks were' in hidden from the eyes of the world. He part as follows: was respected and beloved, and in the ripeness of years went to receive his "We may mention three chief char- reward." acteristics of Dr. Labaree. He was painstaking; he was humble; he was The following extracts are from the spiritually-minded. He was painsta- addresses of Nestorian friends: king in all his work. Whether a task was great or small, it was performed "Dr. Labaree's principal work was with utmost faithfulness. Every sen- the preparation of books in Syriac, tence he wrote was finished, every and along this line he has done much word well chosen. for our nation. In editing the Rays of Light he showed great insight and "His humility was sincere. It was judgment, and the paper has been a not manifest in many words, but was blessing to us. The two most imporevident in all his life. He was ever tant monuments of his labors are the ready to listen to the opinions of his commentary of the New Testament juniors and inferiors, and never and the Revised Bible. He was an forced his opinions on others, altho excellent Syriac scholar, and did much many depended on his counsel. to enrich the language. Our printing- house is well equipped with good type "His spirituality was woven into all and presses as a result of his efforts. his life. Of a religious temperament, Altho his time was largely devoted to he was not one sided, but was inter- literary labors, he assisted in all deested in a wide range of subjects. The partments of the work. He was often spiritual side of the work was always in the villages preaching and conductuppermost with him. ing spiritual conferences. Industrious by nature, he made every minute "Altho a quiet man, his long ex- count. He was a man of prayer, and perience on the field, his wisdom, and loved to pray with others. He had good judgment made him an ac-

REV. BENJAMIN LABAREE, OF

Couurrkk.'lll)f' otf' l~YV(QlIJl/CIaIlIit',.t the high he was dignnified, among the lowly, gentle. His life was nurtured by THE LABAREE HOME 1.1N' UR.UMIA prayer. For years he had prayed and talked and written concerning a re- Photograph loaned by "MMrrss. E. L. Jnayne. ChlccfL.ggoO vival. Praise the Lord, his prayer was answered before he was taken. How patient and trustful he was in the blow that feeUll in the death of his son! What memorable lessons in Christian forti- tude were learned from that ag<!:d father!

"Dr. Labaree hoped to continue his work among us and to end his life in Persia, but Gooedl willed otherwise. He was snatched frr0o11m1 us, and we see him no more. His pen, which wrote for so many years, is still. His great thoughts . are at rest. In an unsullied old age he was called by his Lord to rest from his labors and the bitter experiences of his last years. We have lost a I revered father, a beloved brother, a loving friend,, a gifted writer, a 'syrn- -. pathetic leader."

many callers,. and few were dismissed DR. L4BJl0.LLREII 011 A J1j1I1i1S1I5O10l1l' TOUR INII PERSIA without a word of prayer."

"Dr. Labaree was a learned scholar: He wa£ fIamiJi'lr with Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Persian, Turkish , and S);iriac. With the readers of the RaaJj's of Light he was popular as an interesting, spicy writer, clear and simple in style. He superintended the p~blishing of many books in Syriac, and some in Turkish and Persian. He was a man of genial disposition. The many different classes of people with whom he came in contact would testify to this characteristic. He was looked up to a!n1d respected by those who were high in rank. Princes and nobles enjoyed his society. Among .

FORTY.FIVE YEARS OF MISSIONARY SERVICE IN

BY REV. WM. A. SHEDD, URUMIA, PERSIA Dr. Labaree came to Persia in 1860, and became more rather than less so and at the time of his death, May with the passage of the years. He was 14th, 1906, he was not only the senior the pioneer in translating the Scripmissionary in Persia, but the length tures into Azerbaijan Turkish, the of his service had exceeded that of language spoken by the masses in any of our other missionaries who Western Persia, and he gave much of have labored in that land. The year his time always to personal work with he came to Persia was the year of the Moslems. The opening of Tabriz birth of the Syrian Evangelical station was preceded by his residence Church, marked by the first separate there for some months. meeting of the native ministers who constituted that body. The next year The department to which Dr. was marked by the coming of a depu- Labaree particularly devoted himself, tation on the part of the American especially in later years, was the prep- Board, under whose charge the work aration of literature. For about ten then was, in order to consult as to this years of his life he gave much of his and other questions of missionary time to the revision of Dr. Perkins' policy. The question of self-support version of the Bible into modern at the same time became prominent, Syriac, and his name will be linked and with the enlarging of the mission- with that of Dr. Perkins in other 2.ry force the relation of the work to literary labors. The mission newsother peoples than the N estorian paper, the Rays of Light, was estab- Christians prest on the minds of the lished by Dr. Perkins and no one else younger men. There is to-day an ac- has ever given to it such painstaking tive, independent, evangelical Church, labor and made it such a force for organized on broad Presbyterian lines, light and truth among the people as numbering nearly three thousand did Dr. Labaree. The commentaries members, a growth of eight to ten- prepared by Dr. Perkins were supplefold in forty-five years. The begin- mented by one on the whole New nings of gifts have grown till now Testament by Dr. Labaree. The list the receipts on the field in the Uru- might be increased by naming various mia Mission are between $4,000 and religious volumes of permanent value $5,000. One station has increased published under Dr. Labaree's directo four, with three substations oc- tion. All this work was of high cupied by missionaries; one language literary excellence and no pains were used in missionary work has become ever spared to maintain the standard four, and the work in every station is of accuracy. It is a cause of thanksdeveloping every year, both in the edu- giving that he was not compelled to cational and evangelistic departments give up this labor of love till the day among the Mohammedans of Persia. he left Urumia on his last journey, In the guidance of the work in all which ended in the Home above. these lines Dr. Labaree had a large share. He was. by nature conserva- Throughout his life, in his intertive, but by grace he was progressive course with individuals, in the work of the native church, and in the social life and counsels of the mission circle,

BENJAMIN LABAREE, OF PERSIA 9 19

the constant emphasis he placed on a blessing, exprest in almost every spiritual aims was remarkable. Ripened conversation and without exception in experience and the respect paid in every prayer. The faith and trust the East to old age gave weight to his with which he met the bereavements words, tho none could show to him of recent years, and especially the more deference and courtesy than he murder of his son, the Rev. B. W. showed to those younger than himself Labaree, made a deep impression on in years and experience. A company the whole community. May God DR. LABAARRlE!:E IN THE COMPOSING ROOM OF THE MISSION PRESS, URUMIA.

of missionaries needs sympathetic pas- grant that the high spiritual tone given toral care, and this we had the priv- to the missionary body by the life of . ilege of receiving from him. In later this pure, noble, cultured gentleman years he was unable to do much pub- may be maintained by the working of lic speaking, but many have told since God's Spirit. The loss to the working his death how their interviews with force of the mission is great, but him were the occasion of blest spiritual greater still is the loss of a character conversation and prayer. There can of constant, strong spiritual influence. be no question that one of the great Who can gather up and estimate the factors in the blest revival work of last work done in this long life of service winter was his deep longing for such for Persia?

'RESULTS OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN

BY REV. F. V. THOMAS, INDIA Missionary of the English Baptist Missionary Society The missionary campaign in India Indian Empire, about 3,000,000 are seems to many to be progressing very nominally Christian. These latter in- slowly, if at all. It would be difficult clude 1,000,000 Protestant native for even the wisest of men to find a Christians (reckoning only those who satisfactory definition of such relative are living to-day, for statistics never terms as "slow" and "fast" when ap- take account of the dead). In the dec- plied to missionary work. The rate ade 1891-19°0, while the general popu- of progress had varied at different lation increased only I Yz per cent., periods, now accelerated and again re- Protestant native Christians increased tarded, but progress there has always at .the rate of 50 per cent. Next to been. But when the question is put in them came Buddhists (chiefly in Bur- this form, "Whether the process be rna), growing 32 per cent.; Sikhs, IS slow or fast, what are the results, if per cent.; Mohammedans, 9 per cent.; any?" then we pass from the shifting Hindus actually decreasing 34 per sands of opinion to the solid bed-rock cent., tho they still number over 200,- of fact. 000,000.

Bearing in mind the necessity for 2. Quite as remarkable as the nu- a very brief .and imperfect treat- merical increase has been the spiritual ment of the subject, let us consider progress of these native Christians.

some of the available evidence to show This is a point often overlooked, both why we should be full of praise and by friendly and unfriendly critics, but gratitude to God for what He has it is the most vital factor in the whole wrought in India in these last days, question of progress. In almost the and full of hope and confidence re- whole extent of the Indian mission garding the future. In the report of field there is an eager waiting upon the Decennial Conference of Protes- God for fuller blessing and for the tant Missions, held in Madras, India, power of the Holy Spirit; there is in December, 1902, and attended by more desire for the study of the Word a"ver 300 missionaries, not a word wilI of God, and a more consistent life and be found that indicates discourage- walk on the part of the native Chris- ment or even misgiving. The mission- tians. The native Church is making aries do not underrate the powers of real, as well as rapid, progress in the.

the adversary; they know that there is direction of self-support and self-ex- a long fight in front of them, but in tension, matters that are nowadays their hearts there shines this un- weI! to the front, and dearly indicate quenchable hope, that "He shall not vitality and vigor in the growing In- fail nor be discouraged," and con- dian Church.

firmed by what is going on before their 3. Sunday-school work has made eyes. marked progress. In the ten years As a basis for this feeling of en- under review by the Decennial Con- couragement, consider the following ference the number of scholars had facts and figures: more than doubled and now stands at I. Out of 294,000,000 people in the 300,000. This augurs well for the future of Christian work in India, and could satisfy." The purity, the truth, God's people should continually pray the love, the wisdom, the goodness of that His richest blessing may rest on the Prophet of Nazareth convinced Sunday-school and Christian Endeav- him that He was more than a Prophet, or work in the mission fields. even the Son of God, and his Savior and Lord. He returned to his home 4. Women's work for India is sec- on the Black Mountain and told his ond to none in importance. •Those people of his new faith and showed who know well, tell us that "the num- them his books. His father, an· old ber of secret or confessing, but still man of over seventy years, a fine, tall unbaptized, believers, both women and fellow and a "first-class fighting man," girls, is steadily increasing all over the but bitterly hating Christianity, was so land." These are believers, but for va- furious with the boy that he wanted to rious reasons they are not in acknowl- shoot him on the spot. The mother edged fellowship with the Christian pleaded for her son, so the old man Church, and so they are not reported said: "I give him three months; at the as Christians, but God knows "His end of that time, if he does not give own" and only He knows how many up this accursed nonsense, I'll shoot such "hidden treasures" there really him like a dog." During that period the young man fell ill and seemed to are. be in danger of death, and the father 5. There is scarcely any missionary exultingly said: "See! God is laying His hand on the dog; no need for me who has not come across such secret to kill him." Then the lad began to disciples, not women only, but men mend, and the "father was angrier than too, and especially young men of the ever, saying: "I shall have to kill him educated classes. The Bible is being myself, after all." A cousin came to carefully studied by thousands of the lad and said: "I don't believe 'in whom we know little or nothing-by your Christianity, but I don't want to some who are altogether outside the see you murdered: so I'll help you to range of personal missionary effort. get away down to the plain as soon as you are fit to go." In due time the On the mountain rampart overlook- young fellow escaped to the railway, ing the northwest frontier of India, a and traveled as far as Amritsar, where fierce, unruly, Mohammedan tribe in- he was introduced to the C. M. S. habits one district, aptly called the missionaries, was baptized, and began "Black Mountain." A young man of to work in the mission hospital as a the tribe, wandering down on to the "compounder." One day he came face plains, came upon a copy of the Gos- to face with his father in the bazar. pel according to Luke. He was charmed with the story, and inquiring :Neither of them knew that the other of a friend where any other such books might be found, he was directed was in the place. At once the young to a mission station, where he obtained man turned and fled to the mission in the other three Gospels. He had terror for his life. With great diffinot read the little books through twice culty he was assured that his father before he was convinced not merely of could not shoot people in British terthe beauty but still more of the truth ritor" as in the Black Mountain. "Ah! of what he reae!. Henceforth no more Mohammed for him, "none but Christ

sir," he said, "you don't know my says that they spoke of Him. His father I" teaching ,is so beautiful and true 1 He The old man was politely invited to is so pure and good that He has won the missionary's house, where he was my hetart, and I have come to be bap- asked to remain as long as he wished. tized."

Respectful, courteous, and kindly So the old m:m was baptized at the treatment tamed the wild tiger-spirit, age of 'about 72, his tiger-heart tamed and he talked long and often with the and turned to the heart of a little doctor on all manner of subjects, day child; his hands, red with many mur- after day, till one day he said he must ders, now Efted up in praise to God be going home. "But what about your for His mercy anti saving grace.

son ?"asked the missionary. "lIe is With God all things are possible.

no son of mine," replied the father. "I Have faith in Him, for He is at work came down here with murder in my everywhere and always, and there is heart, intending to kill him. But I no help or power in any but in Him.

can not do that now. Christians are This is the ground of confidence of better people than I thought. Take every missionary worker.

him and train him as you will." He 6. Ve should come far short of the took the lad's hand and placed it in truth in our estimate of the results of the doctor's. missionary work if we were to ignore "Will you promise me one thing?" what are called the "indirect" results.

said the doctor. "I want you to read Hindu social reform -movements, this book." It was the New Testament which are protests against evil in in his own tongue. many 'forms by men who are still far "Is that all? That's nothing to from being professing Christians, re- promise. Of course I'll read it, if you veal the extent of the influence of wish." Christianity. Conferences have been So he went home, and months went held by such in Christian places of by. Again he found his way to the meeting, at which Hindus have passed doctor's house in Amritsar. severe censures upon certain practises "I have not come to stay," he said. of their coreligionists, such as child- "We have been reading that beautiful marriage and the degradation of wid- book you gave me, and as it is called ows, priestcraft and temple abuses. Be- the New Testament, we have thought yond all this we come across thoughtthere may be an Old one. If so, we ful Hindus, whether "orthodox" or ad- should like to read that, too." . vanced, who are apprehensive and He received a copy of the Old Tes- troubled, knowing only too well that tament and returned home immediate- Christianity is an irresistible force ly. Some eight or nine months later against which their gods and they are he came for the third time, and this equally impotent.

was now his story; A new Islam has also arisen in our "We find that the Old Testament midst'. Western science, philosophy, tells of our own prophets, Abraham, history, and religion have stirred the Moses, David, Daniel, and so on. They Moslem mind to such purpose that spoke of a Coming One, and in the many have moved to a position full of New Testament Jesus of Nazareth encouragement for the Christian mis-

RESULTS OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN

sionary. There is a wide gulf, grow- British Baptists, for example} who ing wider every year, between ortho- are working in North Inlia are redox and liberal Islam. The new move- sponsible for the evangelization of ment has led, among other things, to about 38,000,000 of people, more than the study of. Christian writings by the whole population of England and educated Mohammedans. The outlook Wales. The working staff to-day is so among this class is more hopeful than inadequate to the task laid upon them ever, and we need men specially that there is only one worker (foreign trained for this work. and native) to every 200,000 non- Christians in that field. Supposing Do we not well to be hopeful and to that Wales were pagan to-day and that look for yet greater things? The secret, the Baptist Union arranged to evansilent development of the work has gelize it. If they went to work on no doubt been very gradual, but when the same scale as the B. M. S. are the future brings it all to the birth, it working in India, they would send will probably be with surprising swift- one Baptist minister, three local ness, and we shall see "a nation born preachers, three colporteuf's, and two in a day." Some who read these words deaconesses-nine workers in all! shall not taste of death until they have seen the glory of God manifested in But this is not the whole story. In India. When that day comes, it will North Bel1gal, a vast region, with over rebuke all our want of faith and pa- 7,000,000 of people, we have one tience, all our doubts and misgivings. worker to 500,000 souls! There is no other society at work in that area, and Causes of DeJay no zenana work. Is it right to expect great results and to expect them The "slowness" of progress which is quickly when we have not begun to complained of in many quarters may meet the need in any thorough fashbe due to 'Circumstances within our ion that would honestly deserve such control, to our remissness, to want of results? faith and courage, zeal and liberality, earnestness and self-sacrifice, to the In the height of the hot season, on deficiency of workers or to defective a hot night in June, when the scorchmethods. If so, we do well to be ing wind from the desert keeps the troubled with great searchings of thermometer at midnight up to 80 de- grees, an outpost missionary is alone heart. with God and his thoughts on the roof Let us look at the situation from this of the mission bungalow, under the brilliant stars. He thinks of all the other point of view, not what has been work intrusted to him, with six native done, but what remains to be done? helpers. Evangelistic and pastpral, We have no call to be discouraged, but schools and medical work, finance, ofneither have we a right to be satisfied fice work, 'and correspondence, and with the present conditions. There whatever part of all this he may share are still 207,000,000 of Hindus, 62,- with others or delegate to them, the 000,000 of Mohammedans, and 20,- whole responsibility rests on him 000,000 of other non-Christians in the alone. Then he thinks of his district, Indian Empire, and a very large pro- containing 600,000 souls at the least. portion of these have yet to hear the Gospel. How are we performing our duty toward tpese millions?

Some of these, to his certain knowl- teen Baptist ministers holding pastoral edge, in a far-off corner of the district, charges within an area one-quarter difficult of access, have not been vis- the size of his mission district in Inited for five years. Beyond them, dia and with one-half the population. stretching away into a neighboring native state, there are two hundred Is it any wonder that, such conmiles of country before one comes to trasts ~s these make him think that the next mission station. Recently, in there is something radically wrong answer to the oft-repeated requests for with the whole situation? The Chrisanother native preacher, he has again tian Church seems to have lost all been told that his district is better off sense of strategy and proportion in the for workers than many others that disposition of its forces, and to have have a prior claim to reinforcements. still only very partially realized its What "is he to do? obvious duty and its glorious privilege.

He comes home on furlough, and The fact is there is far more lack of visits one neighborhood where, with a faith" than of workers or of fundspopulation of six or seven thousand, i.e., faith in the missionary enterprise he learns there are twelve clergymen of the Church, and faith in the Lord's and ministers, to say nothing of scores power and readiness. to bless the of other Christian workers. In another Church when she obeys His complace he finds three Baptist chapels mand. The work ought to be done, it within the space of fifty yards! In a can be done; and if it be done, then third distrkt he is introduced to fif- we may rest assured the Lord will never be our debtor.

THE NEW UNITED MISSION STUDY COURSE THE ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC * BY REV. J. T. GRACEY, D.D.

President of the International Missionary Union Thousands of women are this year degrees the missionary movement has to be studying the fascinating story of now obtained recognition by the public missions in the islands of the sea. press. The islands of the Pacific have When modern Protestant missions be- had much to do in producing this gan a century ago they received little change in public opinion. or no recognition from the public press. The editors and reporters The trials which foreign missions looked upon them, if they looked endured in former years seemed to upon them at all, as either a harmless dispute their very right to exist, and it humanitarian movement, or as a dan- was a question in the minds of even gerous Puritanical expression from many Christians whether civilization or which no good would come. By slow the Gospel should go first. When the discussion was rife, as under Williams * A side-light to accompany this course is the new volume of missionary narratives: U The Pacific Islanders: From Savages to Saints," by Delavan 1,. Pierson. I'ix maps, farly-five illustrations. Funk & Wagnalls Company, New York and 1,ondon. $1.00 net.

NEW UNITED MISSION STUDY

in the South Seas and under Colenso brought to. operate upon the social, the in South Africa, it took the form of civil, and the cammercial, as well as the preoccupancy of the mind by the the moral and spiritual, interests af forms of life incident to civilization. mankind." Colenso made the experiment. of taking youth, and training them in the Perhaps in nothing is the change usages, manners, and customs common more manifest than in the considerain civilized countries, but the day after tion now given to strategetical points their release from restraint saw these in the island world. Formerly little or youth return to methods to which they no attention was paid to the scattered had been accustomed in barbarism. portions of land in the great expanse He gave up his theories in favor of the of sea. . Now every speck is scanned, Gospel. Williams has given it as his and in the United States, especially, conviction that "until the people are since it began to expand, the people brought under .the influence of religion have been led to understand the value they have no desire for arts and usages of these islands. of civilized life, but religion invariably creates it." He illustrated this by The Hawaiian Islands are now rethe missionaries at Tahiti, where they garded as a priceless possession, afbuilt and furnished a house in Euro- fording a shelter and supply of water pean style. The native~ saw this, but and coal· to passing ships and as a stanot an individual imitated their ex- tion for the all-American· cable. ample "until they were brought under Hawaii was, roughly speaking, 2,000 the influence of Christianity. Then the miles from everywhere, San Franchiefs and even the common people cisco, the Marshall and Caroline Isbegan to build plastered cottages, and lands, Samoa, Tahiti, Victoria, and to manufacture bedsteads, seats, and Fiji being the nearest points. It is other articles of furniture. The women aver six thousand miles from San had long observed the dress of the Francisco to Yokohatpa and seven missionaries' wives, but while heathen thousand to Hong Kong, so that they greatly preferred their own lack Hawaii is a strategic point in the of clothing, and there was not a single North Pacific Ocean. It is only reattempt at imitation. But no sooner cently that this has been realized by had they been brought under the influ- the people of the United States. ence of Christ than all, even to the lowest, aspired to the possession of a The Samoan Islands contained the gown, a bonnet, and a shawl, that they finest and safest harbor in the Pacific might appear like Christian women." Ocean, and as Rev. James Alexander Williams says that in their native state says, they "occupy a strategic pasitian they seemed to be in a stupor from for controlling the commerce and the which no stimulus but the new ideas military aperations in the Sauth Seas. imparted them by Christianity proved In this respect they are as important powerful enough to arouse them. in the southern part of the Pacific as He says that "the missionary enter- are Hawaii and the Philippines in the prise is incomparably the mast effect- narthern part of that ocean." ive machinery that has ever been The islands have been preeminent for the success of the missionary en- terprises conducted in them. No part of the globe has witnessed the like. In

more than three hundred of these is- hearts to forsake their sins and turn lands men and women are reported to to righteousness. He received into have thrown away their idols and to the Church in a single day over sevenhave abandoned the cruelty of their teen hundred persons, and in seventeen superstitions, and have come under years he baptized more than ten thouthe influence of Christianity. There sand persons. are whole islands in which family prayers are a common thing in every Others also experienced the power house. We might say of many, as of the Gospel. Sometimes after years was said of John Geddes: when he the revival spirit was manifest. The first came to the islands, there were no incident is given of one Maori, of New Christians; when he went, there were Zealand, whose father had been killed no heathen. and eaten by an enemy, but who, after' a struggle, came and at the sacrament In few things have these islands kneeled next to the man who had perbeen more remarkable than in their petrated the deed and forgave him. use of a native agency. Whole villages have come out from savagery to Time would fail to mention here Christianity by the means of native the manifold results of the introduc- Christians alone. Communities of tion of Christianity into these islands. fifty and more have, without mis- These are told by experts, many of sionary instruction, begun to observe whom speak from experience; for every custom connected with Chris- with one or two exceptions the chaptianity. ters are all written by men who have lived and labored in the islands, and The islands have also been the sub- thus gave their view at first-hand. For ject of strange revival influences, the example: Dr. Samuel MacFarlane, the story of which is told in this new founder of the New Guinea Mission, volume. This has manifested itself writes the stirring "Story of Pao," and on different groups and is illustrated the account of Gucheng; Dr. Paton in the case of the Sandwich Islands by tells of the transformation of New the Rev. Dr. Pierson. At any hour of Hebrides savages; Dr. H. L. E. Leurthe day two to three thousand people ing narrates his experiences among would assemble for Titus Coan to ad- the Head-hunters of Borneo; Francis dress them. The natives in their sim- M. Price describes the campaign in plici.ty placed the marble slab above Guam; and Mrs. Theodora Crosby his grave, reading: Bliss gives a vivid picture of missions in the Caroline Islands. "He lived by faith. He still lives. The manual training of the natives llelievest Thous this?" has long been a prominent feature of this work. The Traininf Institute es- The village of Hila was swelled tablished at Rarotonga in 1839 was the from 1,000 to 10,000 during the two earliest and best institution of the Lonyears of the revival there. When told don Missionary Society. Through it that he ought to put down the revival the Society has educated a large numat that place, Titus Coan simply re- ber of the natives who have been locamarked that he did not get it up, and ted as preachers and teachers in westhe did not believe the devil did, for he ern Polynesia. In the Island of ·Niue, never knew his putting into people's

I 906] THE NEW UNITED MISSION STUDY

formerly known as Savage Island, Mr. of r827, that the idea of the Messenger • Lawes was successful not only in of Peace was conceived by John Will- evangelistic, pastoral, and school work, iams. He wrought it out by· his own but in the training of native helpers, skill and persevering faith.

who became useful both on their own Statistics are plentiful, but they can island and as pioneers to other is- not show the growth and development lands. The Samoan Institute for the of Christianity in these islands. In the training of native teachers has existed Hawaiian Islands an audience of over for over sixty years, having been es- four thousand has assembled for Sun- tablished in r844. It has been the day morning worship. The revivals in means of incalculable good to the Tahiti in 1818 and in Fiji in 1845 are Polynesian Islands, for from it men phenomenal. All through the century have gone as far as the Loyalty group there has been abundant evidence that and New Hebrides, the Gilbert and the Gospel has a power peculiarly to Ellice Islands, and Ne:w Guinea. God. Tahiti in 1810 was entirely These devoted men lived, toiled, and heathen. New Guinea was wholly in some have died for the cause which darkness in 1870 and was less known they loved best. One remarkable fea- than the heart of Africa. Now these ture of the missions of the Pacific has lands are explored, and have been part- been the willingness of the native mis- ly lifted in the scale of humanity.

sionaries, trained at Rarotonga and Everywhere the Gospel has met with Malua, to lay down their lives for the a favorable reception where it has cause of Christ. More than one hun- been allowed to go. The people have dred men and women on New Guinea been educated in the laws of right and alone have given up their lives as wrong. Sometimes the missionaries martyrs or victims of disease rather have waited long for the result-in one than see the cause of Christ suffer. instance they had to work on in faith The missionary ship has been the for eleven years before they saw the creation of the missionary in the South first convert. Then the people came Seas. It had its origin in the neces- with a rush to accept Christianity.

sities of the case. Largely through the Calvert lived to see Thakombau, missionaries of the London Missionary the Fiji chief, become a Christian. He Society was this nndertaking begun. who had lined his pathway with the Thirty missionaries set sail for the graves of his strangled wives, that the Pacific Islands in the Duff in August, grass might line his grave, occupied four years before the nineteenth cen- his later days in the service of Chris- tury began. Eighteen landed at tianity and became a humble follower Tahiti and ten settled on the Friendly of Him who "went about doing good."

Islands. They were so isolated that He renounced the gods of cruelty and only twice in ten years did they hear war before his people as the war from home. A missionary was obliged drum summoned them to the cannibal to deal as best he could with the cap- feast, of which he had so often par- tain of a trading vessel going to an is- taken. This story and many others land, and once there had to take his equally thrilling and inspiring are chances of getting away. It was dur- found in this volume of "Sidelights on ing one of these periods, near the close Missions among the Pacific Islanders." BY MISS ANNIE VAN SOMMER, ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT The Nile Mission Press is one of movement; everything that relates to the latent forces for good which Christian literature in mission work should be largely developed and may bear this character. All denomgreatly used in the work for Mo~ inations use the one Bible-the one hammedans. This Press has just Gospel in many languages and types. completed its first year of work, hav- The papers and tracts that are ing been begun in February, I905, brought out in Arabic may be read with three hand machines and a staff in many parts of the Mohammedan consisting of a missionary in charge, world; the same thoughts and reaa Scotch master printer, an Egyptian sonings and illustrations may be used reader, and some ten workmen and to all Mohammedans, so that a misboys. During the past year about sion press which can print in Arabic, four and a half million pages have Turkish and English can scarcely fail been printed. The three missions of to be helpful to different missions in Egypt, the American United Presby- many Mohammedan lands. terian Mission, the Church Missionary Society, and the Egypt General The Beirut Press is a stronghold Mission, have brought their maga- for missionaries in Syria and Asia zines to be printed at the Mission Minor, but they are harassed by the Press. Turkish censors, and labor under the difficulty of not being permitted to A Colloquial Gospel of St. Luke print anything apart from the Holy has been printed, a Gospel in tne Scriptures which is directly intended Nuba dialect is now in the course of for the conversion of Mohammedans. printing, and many good tracts and This tabooed feature was the one papers have been issued. Outside main purpose for which the Nile work has also been undertaken in Mission Press was undertaken. The order to help toward its support. Beirut Press has had the help of the Two .colporteurs have been employed, Religious Tract Society of London one in Upper and one in Lower for many years. They work through Egypt, and supplies have been ob- a local committee of representative tained by all the missions for their missionaries, and bring out books and bookshops throughout the country. papers at the Mission Press. This has been an immense service to the In one of the closing addresses of Beirut Press, and if the Christian the recent Cairo Conference of. Mis- friends of missions in America would sionaries to Moslems, attention was render similar help to the Nile Misdrawn to the fact that each enter- sion Press, so as to assist materially prise in modern days which has in the bringing out of Gospel literagrown most rapidly and extensively ture for Mohammedans in all Mohas. been international and interde- hammedan lands, it would do much nominational. The Student Voltm- to hasten the realization of the hopes teer movement, the Young Men's and and earnest intentions of the Cairo Young Women's Christian Associa- Conference. There is need for a tions, and -the Christian Endeavor group of able men with means at are lines which have often been their disposal to give themselves to proved true.* the careful carrying on of a real The Mission Press is now in a ~ hired house, only large enough for the machinery. As the work grows we shall need more space, and we also need security from notice to quit, which has been lately held over us.

Within a mile of the Press there are ORI ENT"'lUOe-eI06NT the large Egyptian government press- es pouring out papers and books for aa-itJHiY't.t .~rrr the spread of Islam. Ought there not to be in the heart of Cairo an- other center-a source of supply of printed words containing the mes- sage of Eternal Life which may reach to the farthest extremity of the Mo- hammedan wor1!::l? Again the Word of the Lord shall spread mightily, •and shall prevail.

THE C. M. S. MAGAZINE-ENGLISH AND ARABIC ……….~.Ii .'..-…~~ ~"IJ.:J..7f' .r){I~ campaign of Christian literature for .,)jj;;"'" ·"..~. .c.."PI Mohammedans-something far greater than is being done. ''-''-''.'P'PC""'""

The printing department of the ,~…•.t'."',Y'IY"'"~" work is beginning to be self-support- ."r,',.~~ ing. Last April all its expenses .~J~fl~''f'I''-',.,,.. were covered by work dope, chiefly for missions. But the publishing de- "'""' partment, which means its own mis-· sionary work, is at a standstill, and rI! LUu;, …..-.. –'".",. ~ ,i …Au'JY'IYJIo_, .'–""'."/"/'o.;r brothers and sisters across the Atlantic arce asked to join hands that y'J;;.A..,u.I JI .),,,,.JJ: "~,J-.II ,.)JJJ,.;. ~'I.".ii .!I:)I.,.)..:..,..:.'aI.~,;I")'~"…".ttA~ld..IIJJ;;….;. IloI~~ this may be carried forward. By ~~"'~;.J)~Y…I….,,…l.J,"."l.";"a,.;;-."..",VYI.JJI~ steady, sustained effort, could we not ..J.J:.~:'jjJJ.J;.~J.~..-..!!IJII,,.-…_….!!IU.. ,, JJ';•..I.J~Jj set ourselves to the united determina- tJ'~)'~I"I'J;J.•..owal.J,IJ.:'s…",.,·…i.."JUlJlJ::–,.J)'~;ir-.:1.' tion to bring out the Gospel message '~1''tt'')~A.oJI))~/Ii;;;_..U.".U,I."I,Ir.j..L(1rl,, ."'I~~"'.'..'..'..'.J, 1~ ,,-0,- ",J~1"'"."rJ..,….o.._:l..,-…0r1o,.J0~.:<o.(,(…J. It?" in Arabic for all Arabic reading peo- .rr!.;.J"1.J,r).f.";-J-f'IU~'.I',I).J",#.rr. ..;,…,.._'"'1'I)1~~ pIes? "The evangelization of the ~ tlo#l1-l ~ .~_AYYtI,'l;-',',',,',~~'JJJ..))~' or ~r~",~.'",:.t';~i.;::..;;,– ..J.1"1"".., 1U.1o0,, "….,,J..tII.r Mohammedan world in our generation" is a purpose that demands such u, . . L. ….~~..hh..~,uYlIl.Jr ___I1}}~ ~ '1"0'.r,..1t1l. 'Yt..s~JIIJ,Io".J'~..',.tIi,1;.JJ–IIII…,,I.."..",.".t""t"'")"l.IIIJI,. an effort as this. ~1l…I1::/,~I.J.Ir.".rtt…Jt..J..t.IJ;4;….".1, .r…~. IJ:I"I"''-I1~-.-…'J :~..J..i..Y..uJi'~r..Jo~Y.II,',1./,y..y…JJ~~.~:.J.$~ ~~~}h,..;.,..Ww'"IYIIJ,..IL,.;,)'……,_._I'}JI…-. .Y…-. Make you His Service your delight, Your wants shall be His care, . r £ … .;..: 'If .;J~I'.(.'.:.L).I'.f;:~v'~V,~~'~..JJ..).. £."I~J. ".Jr"-:J..)..',}..I._.,.JJIJIJI.I.':-.U.U~j"..".:'.c"'I-.c."''I.VI,)) '"1r"r1JlOJ, "..;;'.1' —:-':-.~' _.—)'t'II~)~'"I""~i)i ~'("~uJuU. ……………. ·~'fIIII,,;;–l'ooJJ44((.,1J…,,..­- . . …..U.I..,…l.:-u'~~J.~:.J.u~:)~;. .I.,)J..;..;..J.'.OJ–.:;'J, loo~LNee-1-~'_P,'j~ ~JjJl)"o'. I,JI."..'YYlt..'"Il- -~._,lII_.I.ri'"YVlI …JJOO..-…….-..'.-~ -:-U.H.,..,….. ~;;;;…..''1 ·.~)..JJi.).-j·i")"-"."','.1.l.~t'.1I.Y"I.~1'r'1'-'"'"/'t.'r~-'Ij, JJ'..,,,–1iII~~…'J.~J."J";.:li."…'. I.'sl/to'.Y.ll.o.~Jl."~~ jj ".."..ij,~:.t~uJ…,.,~5''-.J1'J~i,Pilii"'";,".l,tolIo)l')'Il i."'r, ._..J..JJo"J"lr'-~~…)lt;.,;;…;fo;….'1,,..,..,Ui…ij.:..1:.'l"~ .~-f:;.O.jf.;.i..o,;i_…,J._~JJ',;..i".i;.;..,.. J"rr'yV,I "'1~-".-(.;.JJ.'.'..'('.J'l'.Y."'I,YJ.*..-JJ~..,;N..'A'.'-'c'C'.l'',"; c….~""~,~.,JJ·4ooJJ,","-:-.'J:-',-JIl…..l..o.C..#J.o.t.:,taI..:oI……….

j.J~"..tx…:~r:Y"U'"1:'')'fI;o'l'lwjo''..'-,_}-.O)'oi'-J:iYl.Jl~.;..'..'i'.,'i ~~};o"-'I;~w..~..;~~..}/tI"-.~JJ ..,,,.,….J,$~..J1 _1;r.. "' …. -,;)·.. 'jIi …,I…..".~~.<JJ0.IJi,'-".'J..'..<~r1t,r…J, …JI:-:…,,I."&.:So.J."i-,oj–…'.J.,.I…,,I-r.;:……. ;:;j,J …..v.. , J.Jt.!' __ .J..Y'1', .,»)"')'"1 )'IJ'~l~.tJ.'.'.-'J:'-.r..~~ …. o~,I.J,"J,J.._.1-o.-YYI,.J).Jo-I,IoJ.~..lJJtr1.',.J)":."IPP ……. .~J";,';Jr..".."I~"M.o.~..(:"t'.'..''l''I6….. -_.''i1';.,l,j)I.. ~J"-'U.s&..lls.J.,..-',IwJ..,,AA:-:J..JJ;":''.~..JtJ.t"-~'ILl'Yt'IJ, THE AMliEERRICAANS M)fIIS&SIION HMAAOGAAZZrInN&E nU EL HORSBIUXtL"

* There is a committee in America in connection with the Nile Mission. Press, Secretary, Mr. D. T. Reed, 224 Sixth Street, Pittsburg, Pa., who will enter into communication with wanayntfrtioenfidoos wouhto may take this matter to bheaarrt,. We those who care for Mohammedans, and those who believe iu reaching, by Imneans of reading in Arahic, many thousands of thoughtful men among them, who never come in contact with Christians.

PRESENT CONDITION OF THE JEWS*

BY REV. FRANK S. WESTON The Possession of Wealth Waterioo, Jewish bankers have largely influenced the financial policy. In 1816, One Jewish banking house is esti- after buying the British bonds at a mated to control $30,000,000,000. The depreciated value, they forced Eng- Rothschilds in ten years loaned $482,- land to lessen her currency by adopt- 000,000. Nearly one-half of the gold ing a gold basis. Since then other nacoined, of the entire world, is said to tions have been brought to the same be in Jewish hands. In the last half standard. The results have been facentury these people have come to the vorable to the Jew. front, until now they largely rule in finances. The number of Jews in N ew York exceeds 725,000, most of whom have In Germany nearly one-half of all come there within the last twentv years. Two-thirds of the wealth of the rich people are Jews, and at the New York was reported to be (1904) back of the cartels formed to consoli- in Jewish hands. date industries and help foreign trade are generally]ewish financiers. Six- Jewish Intellectual Leadership sevenths of all bankers in Prussia are Jews, while only one in five hundred In Germany, altho they form but and eighty-six is a day laborer. two per cent. of the population, they hold one hundred and four professors' The· official statistics of the ·Euro- chairs in the universities of that land. pean states show an accumulation of Of the 3,609 students recently at Bercapital in Jewish hands which is alto- lin University, 1,302 were Jews. Neargether out of proportion to the num- ly ten per cent. of the judges are]ews. ber of Jews among the population. In At the highest law court of Germany, Russia, a few years ago, seventy-three at Leipsic, there are ten Jewish judges per cent. of the movable property in out of the total of seventy-nine. In certain western provinces had passed single towns the proportion is greater. from Russians to Jews, and to-day Thus, in Breslau, of fifty-seven lawabout one-fourth of the railway sys- yers, thirty-one are Jews. They are tem of Russia is owned by a Jew (M. found in prominent positions among Samuel de Poliakoff). Such is this the economists and the scientists and man's eminence and influence that at the lawyers, and supply much of the a banquet at the University of St. Pe- liberal thought in the country. Most tersburg, his health was proposed by of the leaders of the Social Democrats the Minister of Education, immedi- in national and in local politics are ately after that of the rulers.. Jews, and the leaders, both among the Liberals and the Social Democrats in In Austria the same conditions of Berlin Town Council belong to the ] ewish control are reported. In Lower Hebrew race. Austria, out of 59, I22 merchants 30,- OI2 are returned as Jews. In France In the world of art-music, paintthe Jews are but a fraction of the ing, and the drama-some of the forepopulation (72,000 out of 38,000,000), most men and women are members of yet they control the finances. When the Hebrew faith. M. Loubet took the presidency of France, the government stocks began In Austria, out of three hundred and to fall, and dropped a little every day seventy authors, two hundred and until the situation became serious. The twenty-five are reported as Jews. In ] ews declared the stocks would con- every land they are holding positions tinue to fall until the countrv was of the highest influel;lce as scholars ruined, unless Dreyfus received jus- and educators. In Europe, in the passtice. ing generation, we find a remarkable In England, since the battle of • Abridged from 'The Missionary Witness, Toronto. proportion to be Jews. On the side of Two marvelous facts must receive Christian scholarship are Neander, a passing notice: Edersheim, Da Costa. ( I) The increase of rainfall in Pal- Jewish leadership is also seen in the estine. God took away the latter's rain extensive control of the press, which because of Israel's sin (Lev. xxvi: 3, is largely in Jewish hands and pro- 4; Deut. xxviii: I 5-24). But He prom- duced from Jewish brains. Mr. Will- ised to restore it (Joel ii: 21-23). In iam Singer, a Jew, editor of the Wie- the Holy Land the farmer can not ner Tageblatt, is the president of the plow or sow his seed till the former Continental Journalisti;:: Congress. rains have come and saturated and Four papers in the United States, softened the ground. Then in March among those having the largest circu- the latter rains are looked for to ripen lation, are owned by Hebrews. the grain and fruit. Without these Changes in Palestine rains there is little harvest. The ear- lier and latter rains, therefore, are of While wonderful changes have ta- greatest importance to the farmer. Un- ken place for the Jews in Gentile lands, til a few years ago, seldom was there his fatherland has not remained as it any rain after March, but in the last was, for in Palestine there have been ten years these rains have frequently more changes in the last forty years come in April. Dr. Thomas Chaplin, than in the preceding five centuries. for many years a resident of J erusa- A new civilization has come to the lem, says: "During the sixteen years, Holy Land, the causes of which are 1876-1892, the mean rainfall was easily discerned. twenty-six, this was sixty-six per cent.

Up to 1867, the law of the Turkish greater than in the previous sixteen ~mpire would not allow Jews the right years (1860- 1866), and the increase to hold land in Palestine. In that year of the latter rain was no less than an imperial rescript gave all subjects fifty-six per cent."

ari.d foreign powers right to purchase (2) The second notable fact is the and hold land in their own name. This depopulation of the land as regards the opened the way for rich Jews to hold native population. It is not often an interest in the land of their fathers. noted that the native Syrian popula- Later the consuls of the various na- tion is leaving. Not less tlian 25,000 tions worked together to check the have gone to America to find a home.

robbery and raiding so common in Others have gone to South America Syria and Palestine. The large num- and Mexico. Rev. 1. B. Hanauer (mis- ber of tourists have also helped to sionary in Palestine) says: "It seems bring in a better condition. to me that Syria and Palestine are Thirty years ago there wen~ no car- being, by a most wonderful working riage roads. Now they are found di- of Providence, prepared for the re- verging north, south, and east of J e- turn of the Jews. While there is a rusalem, and a railway runs from Jewish current setting in toward the Jaffa to Jerusalem. In 1870 there were Holy Land, there is another current only two hotels in Palestine, now they no less remarkable flowing in an op- are in all the principal cities and posite direction." Jerusalem is be- towns, with fair accommodation for coming again a Jewish city. The Pal- man and beast, and the tourists num- estine Year Book for 1900 gives the ber 40,000 a year. There is electric population as 45,536, of which 29,200 light outside-Jerusalem, the shadow of are Jews. Rev. A. H. Kelk, of Jeru- a telegraph post falls over Jacob's weIl, salem, says: "When I went there and a steam mill is working near the (1881) there were at the outside ancient well of Nazareth. A recent 8,000 Jews in Jerusalem." Some 65,- traveler says: "Whoever wishes to see 000 Jews have come to Palestine in Palestine in the garb it has worn so the last ten years. .

many centuries must visit it soon." Mr. Laurence Oliphant says tha.t

while every province in Turkey has ing respecting Christ. "Fifty years been steadily retrograding during the ago-except a few learned Jews-the last few years, Palestine alone has Jews, as a body, hated the very name been rapidly developing in agricultu- of Jesus. They used to show this conral and material prosperity. tempt in every manner they could de- vise, but now all is changed. He is The Jews' Relation to Christ regarded as a great reformer, and many of them also assure us that He For several years past God has been was the greatest man that ever lived." doing a work among the Jews which There are now thousands of Jewish He has never done before. Until re- Christian believers. An experienced cently there was no New Testament worker states there are "at least 250,- in Hebrew. In I885 the first copies 000 Hebrew Christians at the present appeared. The demand for this has time." Three thousand converted been so great that 600,000 copies nave Jews are preaching the Gospel. This been printed. These have produced a movement toward Christ is a peculiar marvelous change of thought and feel- feature of the present time.

MISSION WORK IN PALESTINE* BY REV. W. HOOPER, D.D.

It must be remembered that the ing proportion, of mlSSlOn work in government of Palestine is Turkish; Palestine is done among non-Moslems, not merely non-Christian, as are those whether Jew or Gentile. The work of China and Japan, but Turkish, with of the Church Missionary Society all the bigoted and narrow-minded among professing Christians has often opposition to Christian effort which been cast in its teeth; but Bishop that word implies. Of course, its op- Blyth has in time found it necess~ry position is only directed against work to adopt the same plan. The fact is, among Moslems, who form the great that not only is it in most cases immajority of the population; but the possible to reach the Moslems except feeling against Christian work is as through the Christians who are so strong among the Jews there as it is much more accessible, but it is most among the Mohammedans in India, important to be able to give the former and the members of the ancient an object-lesson in their own country- Church of the land, the Greek Church, men and neighbors, which shall not are in general as much opposed to repel them as it does now by its idol- Protestant work as the Hindus and atry, but attract them by the simplicity Buddhists are, as a rule, to Christian of its Christian faith; and also stir up work among themselves. Hence it will the Christians to that paramount duty be seen that all the difficulty which at- which it has for centuries neglected, tends mission work in the other Asi- of seeking to lead the MQslems to their atic. countries is found in Palestine Savior. also, with the additional difficulty of • The most thorough, the most learnthe active opposition of the govern- ed, and most successful missionaries in ment to work among those people who Syria, if success is to be judged by the need it most. Consequently, on the extent of influence for good, are the principle of working on the line of American Presbyterian missionaries, least resistance, by far the greater whose headquarters are in Beirut; but part, tho, happily, an ever decreas- they long ago made an agreement with • As my wife and myself have just!- returned from a most interesting time there. tny report is not of one actually engaged in that work, but of the impressions of a keenly interested outsider.-From "India's f!7omell and China'8Daughlers," London.

MISSION WORK IN PALESTINE 93J

Bishop Gobat, which they have faith- In other words, they do not think the fully adhered to, to abstain from work women have brains enough to become in Palestine. Hence they are outside Christians, or to do any harm if they our present subject. The two chief so- do. The consequence i~ that tho lady cieties laboring in Palestine are the missionaries have much to try them in Church Missionary· and the London the intense stupidity of the women at Jews' Societies. It will thus be seen first, yet they have an open door for that by far the greater part of the evangelistic work among them, with Protestant Christianity which is pre- comparatively little interference from sented· to the people of the country is either the authorities or the "lords that of the Church of England. Next and masters" of these women. Miss come some Scotch Presbyterians, who Elverson, the only lady of whom we of course are not bound by the act of saw much who is set apart for this their American brethren; next to them kind of work, lives in an outwardly come some Lutherans; next some charming situation at the top of the "Friends"; and last, some representa- Mount of Olives, close to a particutives of an American body which has larly bad viIlage (Et-tur), and visits broken off from the American Metho- the women in villages near and distant, dists. Faddists every now and then even as far as one and one-half hour's come to Jerusalem, and start some new drive along the Jaffa road. idea; but they can not be reckoned among workers in the country. Of the other two .methods of work, the medical presents certainly the bet- Open-air preaching is, of course, ter means of access to the Mohamimpossible. Literary work is reduced medan population. The London Jews' to a minimum by the general illiteracy Society's Hospital at Jerusalem, or of the people, and also by the fact that rather just outside it, is a splendid inthinkers are few and far between stitution. Tho there are four Jewish among them. I was much disappointed hospitals in Jerusalem, each with nothto find, among the Mohammedans of ing wanting in the way of appoint- Palestine, an almost entire absence ments, and with good European docof thought, of inquiry, of knowledge tors, yet the Jews, generally speaking, of their own religion, and even of any prefer going to the mission hospital, effort to defend it by argument-such because of the far greater love, syma different state of things from what is pathy, and tender care with which found by missionaries in Egypt. they are treated there. And that the hospital is doing a good evangelistic Hence there are, speaking generally, work is proved by the sentences of exonly three methods of mission work communication which the Jewish auopen to workers in Palestine-viz., thorities every now and then fulmimedical, educational, and house-to- nate against those who attend it; on house visiting. Strange to say, the last each occasion with only temporary of these is almost entirely in the hands success. The same society has another of lady missionaries. This is due to very successful hospital at Safed, in two causes: With very· few exceptions Galilee. The C. M. S. has hospitals at the men are fully occupied with one Gaza, Nablus (the ancient Shechem), or other of the two former methods, and Es-saIt and Kerak, over the J orand nearly all the visits they find time dan. Dr. Sterling, at Gaza, is a most to pay are in connection with either keen evangelist, and has been the their medical or their educational means of bringing many Mohammedwork. The other reason is that, owing ans to Christ. Dr. Cropper, at Rato the very low esteem in which maIIah, is doing a splendid work. Dr. women are held by the people of the Wright in his hospital, which is alland, whether Moslems or Christians, ways full (60 beds), has succeeded to the men find it much more difficult to a great extent in curbing the bigoted, fanatical, unruly, unmannerly spirit of take seriously. Christian work among their women than among themselves.

the Mohammedans of Nablus. Lastly, tinian, young men go), they may be the Scotch Presbyterians have very able both to occupy posts of influence, good hospitals for the Jews at Tibe- and also worthily fill those posts, to rias, and for the Moslems at Hebron, the highest benefit of their neighbors.

where Dr. Paterson has similarly Besides its medical work in Jerusa- tamed the rudeness of that equally lem, the London Jews' Society has in fanatical Mohammedan place. It will the same place several educational in- readily be understood that none of stitutions. There are flourishing board- these hospitals could work without the ing-schools for boys and for girls, in devoted labors of lady nurses, whose both of which the Gospel is fully evangelistic zeal is equal to their skil- taught, along with a sound secular ful and tender nursing; but there are education. Most of these scholars are no medical lady missionaries in Pales- unbaptized, and many leave the tine. Dr. Mary Pierson Eddy, near schools without joining the Christian Beirut, is the only one in Syria. Church, tho very few without a heart Mission schools among Gentiles are, belief in the Savior. Bishop Blyth with few exceptions, immediately di- tried at first the plan of baptizing the rected rather toward the instruction of children before he would admit them Christians' children than of Moslems'. to school, and their parents, strange Indeed, the best girls' schools are in to say, allowed it, but afterward took the three places-viz., Bethlehem, Ra- them away and brought them up as mallah, and Nazareth, which are al- Jewesses. Better than this, surely, it most entirely Christian, with very few is to keep them unbaptized, trusting to Moslem inhabitants. In the first of the working of the leaven of the King- these, the C. M. S. has a very good dom, which they so richly imbibe in training-school for women workers, these schools, in their after life. There and in the last a large orphanage; is also a good day school at Jerusalem while at Ramallah the "Friends" have for Jewish girls, and an industrial a large and excellent girls' schoo!. school for Jewish young women. .But.

Bethlehem and Nazareth were the two perhaps the most interesting of these stations occupied by the "Female Edu- institutions is the home for young men cation Society" till Miss Webb died, outside the city, and the workshops in when they wer ~ ceded to the C. M. S. the city, where inquirers are tested, The last named society has a quite and young converts at first provided large school for boys outside the south- for, while all have to earn their living.

west corner of Jerusalem, called In the workshops they print (as well Bishop Gobat School, because he. as they can with an old, antiquated founded it. Here the boys are well press), bind, and practise several other looked after in every way, and care- trades, above all, the beautiful pol- fully brought up in Evangelical ished olive-wood work. In the Home Churchmanship. Till lately, all the they are well looked after and taught boys have been professedly Christian; by a devoted Christian couple.

but now vely few and very select Mo- Lastly, I must just mention the good hammedan boys are admitted, and so work which the German Protestants far the experiment has worked well are doing at Jerusalem. Schneller's all round. Then there has lately been orphanage for boys is a very large started a C. M. S. college in J erusa-, and well-conducted institution; their iem, to give young men a higher edu- orphanage for girls, called "Talitha cation on the same sound lines, in the Kumi," is equally good, tho not so hope that wherever they go to make large. -They also have a hospital and their own careers, in Palestine, Egypt, a hospice in the city for strangers.

Syria, or even America and Australia The Moravians have a leper asylum (to both of which countries multitudes called "Jesus-help," two miles from of Christian Syrian, including Pales- the city wall.

* SIX WONDERFUL WEEKS IN

BY REV. J. H. DE FOREST} D.D.

Words can not express the joy of revelation to me to' spend a night my soul over what i have witnessed wit'h this man, whom I have known during my six weeks' tour of over now for five years, witness his magtwo thousand mrles, touching at netic power over all classes of men Tokio and Osaka, speaking in five and women and children, and see his of the great cities and towns of absolute abandonment 'Of himself to beautiful Shikoku, then swinging God and his unwavering faith in the around to Shimonoseki, where, with power to' conquer the entire sur- Dr. Pettee, I spoke in four famous rounding region for Christ. There cities and towns that border on the were at 'least seven visitors who Inland Sea. spent that night in his house, and tho I went to bed at eleven o'clock, Wherever we went there were, after 'hearing five earnest prayers with two or th-ree exceptions, audi- from him, I waked up at two only to ences beyond the capacity of the hear him pleading in deepest earhouse. It seemed to make no differ- nestness and sympathy before the ence whether I spoke on "Manchur- five students who were his guests. ian Experiences," or "How to Be- And when that talk was finished the come a Christian," or "The Father- paper slides did not prevent me from hood of God," there was the same hearing each one pray, and the prayeager listening. At one meeting ers were all with tears. there were seventeen decisions for Christ, and at another I did the It was four o'clock when that strangest thing of my life-baptized meeting broke up; and according to two college students with three e%- Scriptural precedent:'i one of these convicts and a number of wormen, young men ought to have fallen Qut while another baptized ex-convict of the second story window, but led the services under the direction there were no second story windows of Mr. Homma Shimpei. in his house, and even had there been there were no sleepy fellows Some day the fuller story of this there. I ventured to chide my friend remarkable movement will come out Homma the next morning for doing -how Homma Shimpei became a suchan unhealthy thing as to spend Christian; how he with but fifty most of the night preaching and cents opened 'his marble works and praying, but with a quiet smile ungathered a 'band 'Of a hundred rough der his deep eyes he said that once workmen, among whom were sev- he spent every night for two months eral ex-convicts; how he bllilt a in this same way without going to chapel annexed to his great work- bed a single time. At my look of shop; how he was hated and perse- astonishment, and before I could tell cuted for Christ's sake; how he con- him that he was a candidate for an quered by marvelous love and sac- insane asylum, he broke out with: rifices; how his influence grew till "Vell, what else could I do? Peostudents from the government col- ple who had to work all day came lege, tWe'lve miles distant, cross the to me nights, and some had to walk mountains every Saturday to spend eight miles and didn't get here tiH Sunday with him; how officials midnight or 'after, and by the time come seven or eight miles to hear we had finished our talks and prayhim preach; how even a governor ers it was daylight and I had to start has visited him to see this man of for my quarry. It's all right. God God and hear his message; and how has given me this work to do." he is invited far and wide t'O speak before crowds of students. It was a Time fails me to speak of the en- • Condensed from 'T1te Mission Bulletin (Japan).

thusiastic meeting of 700 students in JAPANESE REBUILDING CHURCHES Yamaguchi, where Dr. Pettee and I Leading Japanese Buddhists recentappeared for the first time. Then ly offered to pay two-thirds of the cost Dr. Pettee took me to his home in of repairing and rebuilding the Chris- Okayama. Who has not heard of tian churches and schools wrecked or injured during the antipeace riots at that great orphan asylum there that Tokio in September, 1905, provided has w.on the praise of his majesty that the Shintoists paid the remainder. the emperor, who is now an annual The Shintoists did not do so, and the sU'bscriber of 1,00'0 yen? And of Miss Adams's fifteen years' work in the slums of the city, until now the Religious Association of Japan, rep- police are witnesses to the great de- resenting all creeds, therdore invited crease of crime there? And of Miss public subscriptions. The appeal, Wainwright's cooking classes, by which bears the signatures of eminent means of which she manages to dis- Christians, Buddhists,· and Shintoists, pense widely the Bread of Life? And declares that the fulIest inquiries have of Mrs. Pettee's work for soldiers that has won for her the election to proved that the attacks on these buildthe presidency of the Patriotic As- ings were wholly unprompted by- resociation of Okayama Women, and ligious or racial prejudice; consequentthat brings her official thanks from ly, the duty devolves upon all Japanthe commanding general in an en- ese alike to make good the losses. velope a foot and a half long? And of Miss Kajiro's boarding and day This spirit is one which Christians school of 270 girls who utilize, in a in America might well emulate, and manner Shaka never dreamed of, should shame those who disgrace two neighboring temples as dormi- themselves and their country by illtories? using inoffensive Chinese and Jap- anese who visit our shores.

Indeed, that Okayama work is the OPEN-MINDEDNESS OF THE finest sociological plant in the em- JAPANESE pire, I verily believe, and it repre- sents a Christianity up-to-date in its After thirty years' residence' in power to make a better world. And Japan, I do not hesitate to place first behind it all is one of the largest inde- and foremost open-mindedness as pendent Churches of Japan, a moral the main characteristic of the peo- and spiritual power that imparts life ple. Do we not, then, owe to this to everyone of these sociological open-minded people, who are con- movements. . fessedly "seeking for truth in all the If I should write all I saw and world," a knowledge of our God, heard -and felt on this trip, verily not who alone has given Us our glorious aN the paper in Japan could contain Christian civilization; and is it not the descriptions thereof. And to top im perat,ive that we speedily carry off with comes the desire of the the Gospel message before the spirit Kumi-ai churches to take over from of mat:::-i l'ism, which is beginning January I, 1906, all the c'hurches even now to claim so many who financially aided by our mission, -a have cast aside the old faiths; -before work costing us about five thousand this spirit of the world shall have yen a year. Truly the end of extra- locked for ever the c100r of entrance territorial Christianity is almost in into many Japanese hearts? May sight, and we may now begin to say, our God help us to speed His mes- "Nunc dimittis," sage 1 REV. J, IL DE FOREST, D.D.

EDITORIALS

GOD'S BLESSING ON GIVING Covenant, "Ye are of your father, the An alternate and highly approved devil, and the lusts of your father ye version of the story of Christ's send- will do." , ing for the ass's colt, makes it read: Here a great basal principle is rec- "Say ye that the Lord hath need of ognized. Sin is a practical renuncia- him, and will straightway send him tion and destruction of the filial bond back again," implying an assurance toward God, and is a filial alIiance and ,that, after He had made such use of affinity with His adversary. This fact the colt as He required, He would re- it is perilous to deny or obscure. We turn it to the owner. gain nothing but lose everything by However this be, there is no doubt confusing the natural and social broth- that God never allows Himself to be erhood with this higher spiritual son- permanently our debtor. As surely as ship founded on and evidenced by obe- vapors exhaled Jrom earth toward dience toward God as revealed in heaven return in showers to water the Christ. For it is quite possible, now earth, so surely do all gifts to God as then, to be as punctilious about le- come back in some form or blessing to gal, ceremonial, and even moral ob- the giver. "Give, and it shall be given ligations as the Pharisees, and yet as unto you." More than this, when there alien in heart to God, and as selfish, is "first a 'Willing mind, it is. accepted sordid, and even hateful toward man.

according to that a man hath, and not We may lead men to be satisfied with according to that he hath not." God the lower relation by confounding it recognizes, accepts, and awards the with the higher.

sincere desire and purpose to give BIBLE IDEAS OF MAN even where there is no ability to carry out the good intention. David was es- The anthropology of the Bible is pecially commended as having done also both profound and suggestive. well in purposing in his heart to build Not only does Paul express man's a house for God, tho that honor was threefold personality as "spirit, soul, reserved for Solomon; and he was ex- and body," but throughout Scripture pressly rewarded by God for his plan we may trace this distinction. In the and purpose as much as tho he had Psalms, for instance, the spirit of the carried it out. Read carefully the nar- devout singer often addresses hi~ soul rative in II. Chronicles vi: 7-9, and in command, reproof, exhortation: "My soul, wait thou only upon God!" II. Samuel vii: 11-29.

SCRIPTURAL IDEAS OF "Why art thou cast down, 0 my soul !"

BROTHERHOOD etc. And the order is important- No doubt there is'a natural brother- spirit, soul, body-the order of rank ho~d, based on ties cf nature, all men and importance, the spirit at the top, being "offspring" of a common Crea- the body at the bottom, the soul be- tor; and a social brotherhood, based on tween the two. The spirit, most deli- a common humanity and society, as cate, sensitive, capable of the highest descendants of a common human an- activity and closest ·affinity with God, cestrv. But the word of God teaches and of direct illumination by contact a higher spiritual brotherhood, based with His Spirit, thus obtaining the on a community of dIsCIpleship, faith higher knowledge of God, while the in Christ and obedience toward God. soul derives its knowledge of the ma- That is profound teaching of Christ, terial universe through the bodily which distinguishes between two moral senses, and of divine things through and spiritual heredities and affinities the spirit whose higher senses are (J ohnviii). adapted to feel after God; He boldly says, even to some who Hence again a lesson on education.

claimed, as children of Abraham, a All true and permanent uplifting must filial relationship to the God of the 'be a raising of the whole man ·to a

higher plane. Nay, more; it will begin The truest education must therefore where God begins, at the highest and go deeper and farther than to improve inmost, and from that reach the lowest a man's manners, correct his igno- and outmost. Man's method is too rance, or train his intellect, hand and often to b'egin with the body and as- tongue. Not only man's understand- cend, and he seldom gets higher than ing, bUit his sensibilities, affections, to improve physical and intellectual will, need training; his whole bebg conditions. God's way is to start with must be turned Godward in trust and the spirit and descend to soul and obedience, and manward in unselfish body. He first brings the spirit of man love and service. Then the sharp weap- into sympathy with His Spirit, and ons are in safe hands, and will be subjection to His control, then through used for constructive rather 'than de- man's renewed spirit reaches to and structive ends.

controls his soul and through his soul HELPING TOGETHER BY PRAYER his body. Our mission methods prove most grandly successful when they These are the very words used by first of all bring man into right spirit- Paul in his second letter to Corinth ual relations with God and, like Elisha, (i :II) -"Ye also helping together by heal the waters that ar'e brackish by prayer for us." It is not only the most practical and casting salt in their spring. To secure practicable form of cooperation, within to any man the new nature which, easy reach of even the humblest and after God, is created in righteousness poorest; but it is the most powerful and true holiness, is to secure a radical and efficient form of cooperation, and change; a change from the root; to when faithfully used ,commands all change his thoughts about God, man, other sources of power. and himself; change the very drift of his affections and purposes, and so We know in all mission history no turn in a new direction his whole be- one instance of the power of prayer ing. so marvelous and convincing as the history of the "Lone Star Mission" THE LIMITS OF CULTURE among the Telugus of southern India. It should be often rehearsed to quicken Undue emphasis may be placed faith in prayer. upon the merely intellectual element, in efforts to uplift and save men. In 1853, at the annual meeting of Education and culture are often re- the American Baptist Missionary Unferred to as tho in them lay the po- ion at Albany, N. Y., now fifty-three tencies of the highest manhood and years ago, the entire abandonment of vir,tue. The historic fact is that the that mission was serio..sly proposed, golden ages have been the ages of cor- as the work there seemed both fruitruption. There is a training that only less and hopeless. lifts the level of crime, acumenating the powers and faculties for a subtler There were a few, however, who influence in evil-doing, not making felt that God was only trying faith and wrong itself repulsive, but only ex- driving his people to supplication. The changing grosser forms of indulgence poet, Dr. S. F. Smith, on that occafor more refined and respectable wick- sion voiced these sentiments in the edness. Education has developed more now famous versesthan one Frankenstein, making a man grow strong and capable indeed, but "Shine on, Lone Star, thy radiance bright not good, 'and putting into his hands Shall yet illume the western sky," etc., the sharp weapons of a destructive and one line of that poem ventured even to prophesy that the "time will skepticism and infidelity, fitting him come for a designing demagog, a sophistical When none shall shine so fair as thou,"

demigod, a Ieader in social cornlption, and it was determined to give the mis- commercial dishonesty, and political sion a new lease of life. On the morning of the first o"f Janhypocrisy. uary, r854, five believers assembled on 000 were ingathered, and fully 10,000 the high hilltop overlooking Ongole, within the eleven months. three of them native Christians, and sol,emnly dedicated to God the plain The church at Ongole, which in 1867- below with its teeming population, had been organized with eight mem- and even ventured to ask that a cer- bers, had in eleven years so grown tain desirable location visible from that that literally even one had become a summit, should be given for the mis- thousand and more. Isa. Ix: 22. Psalm lxxii :r6. sion premises. In r877 a great famine in that whole That year in southern India 60,000 heathen turned from idols to serve the district threatened thousands with living God. starvation. Dr. John E. Clough, who had been trained as a civil engineer, Surely that prayer-meeting on the and had been mysteriously moved to mountain top had a wonderful answer! offer himself for that field, now pro- To-day the largest church in the world, posed to the government to contract numbering probably 60,000, is in that with him to complete the Buckingham very Ongole district! Canal, and so provide the starving multitudes with work and so with A MODEL MISSIONARY 'wages and means to buy food. He obtained the contract, and set thousands James Gilmour, who spent the last at work. This gave him a chance to twenty-one years of his life as a mis- speak to them in their resting times. sionary in Mongolia, was a model missionary, and died in the midst of. When just beginning to acquire a a noble, self-sacrificing work. He knowledge of Telugu, in r865, all he could have counted his avowed condared attempt was to commit to mem- verts on his fingers, but his patient ory and recite without comment toil in preaching the simple Gospel to verses of Scripture, such as John iii: these most superstitious and exc1usiv~ 16. I have heard him say that he got people of all the East, paved the way to the point where he could fill a half for all future laborers, initiating a hour with such repetitions of Scrip- work which has made his' name imture, but did not know the language mortal in mission history. wei! enough to venture on a word of comment. The harvest time was now He arrived in China in r870. He at hand, for God's word did not re- was a regular physician, and his medturn to him void. It had free course ical skill won him such a place in the and was glorified. hearts of the natives that he was able also to teach them the Christian As the famine began to abate, con- faith. He practised medicine in Chao. verts began to come in. In fact, they Yang, taking long trips into the surwere not encouraged to confess Christ rounding country, living much in the until the temptation was no longer so tents of nomadic tribes, and having great to espouse Christianity for the his dispensary in street tents in towns. sake of the loaves and fishes. When His wife labored with him in Monthey began to come forward for bap- golia, and did much for the women tism every precaution was used to pre- and children. He is perhaps best vent undue haste in receiving candi- known to the general public by his book, entitled "Among the Mongols." dates. There are some who think him un- Nevertheless, the year r878-just surpassed by any missionary of the last century. Yet even such a life one-quarter ceDtury after the crisis in of toil could show few visible and r853-proved probably the most fruit- tangible resuIts. He laid foun,-~tions ful year since the Day of Pentecost. which are generally inconspicuous, but upon them others build. Many a Within twenty-one days 5,429 con- man suffers that others a£ter him verts were baptized, and 2,222 of them may succeed.

on one day! Between June 16 and 'July 3r, forty-five days, nearly 9,- AMERICA of its duty was not the cash in its treas- God'" Call to the Churches ury, but the applications for service, One thousand 'new missionaries at ,and has accepted every well-qualified least each year from the churches of man or woman who has applied for the United States and Canada until foreign service, regardless of the funds unevangelized portion of the world in hand. At the same time, every that fairly falls to the care of these means has been adopted to reach the churches is reached-that is the call constituency. Books, magazines, leafthat went forth from the annual con- lets, addresses, mission study classes, ference of the Foreign Mission Boards the cinematograph, everything that Secretaries and the Student Volun- could enforce the need, has been emteer Convention at Nashville, and has. ployed, and the funds have come in. since been emphasized by the Interna- Like faith, like energy, will accomplish tional Missionary Union in its confer- like results this side the Atlantic. DR. E. M. BLISS in The Outlook. ence at Clifton Springs.

Of the need there was no question. A Forward Movement Never has the opportunity, as set Hitherto it has almost always been forth by the representatives of every that missionary secretaries, having no denomination from every land; been first-hand knowledge of the foreign' so startling. Some croakers to the fields of which they were in charge, contrary notwithstanding, the demand were liable to err in their judgment of for workers in Japan who are willing what ought to be done in this or that to work for the Kingdom of God rath- emergency, and with serious harm reer than their own conception or section sulting to the work. The Methodist of it is not only not less but greater. Episcopal Church, however, for years In China government officials, even has kept certain of its bishops abroad, mandarins, welcome the Christian who, returning could tell of what their teacher, while the "common people" eyes had seen and their ears had heard. hear the preacher with more eagerness Now several other societies are movthan ever before. India-almost a ing in the same direction, I}Otably the continent in itself-western Asia, Congregationalists and. Episcopalians, Arabia, Africa, South and Central by sending forth, the one Drs. Lloyd America, the islands of the Pacific, all and Alsop, and the other Secretaries passed in hurried review, told the same C. C. Creegan and A. N. Hitchcock, to make the tour of the world, and halts.tory. ing wherever missions exist with One man and one unmarried wom- which they are especially concerned.

an missionary to every 50,000 people Young People Stud" Missions -that is not an unreasonable ratio. But is it practicable? Already the United Presbyterian Church has voted "What a joy this must be to Phil- its quota, and has raised its average lips Brooks, and I am sure he is an annual gift for foreign missions to two unseen presence here to-night," said dollars for each man, woman, and some one coming out of Trinity child in its membership, and, note this, Church after one of the public meet- the same amount for home missions. ings of the Boston Young People's If the other larger, wealthier commu- Missionary Institute, in session Octo- nities would do as well, or even better, ber 4-7. Its purpose was to make a ,as they might, the problem would be systematic study of missions and the solved. Another society, by far the problems of work in the home church- largest, most completely organized, es. Similar gatherings will be held in and most effective-the Church Mis- about 20 of the larger cities during the sionary Society of England-has three fall and winter. This was a delegate separate times, when facing financial body and 272 young men and women disaster, announced that the measure representing half a dozen denominations enrolled themselves as members. the preceding year; there were more Headquarters were at Trinity Parish than 1,100 converts on the foreign House, in the basement of which was field, or an average of more than three a fine exhibit showing the rise and de- a day. The report by Secretary Corey'

velopment of the Young People's bristled with cheering facts and in- Movement of which the Institute is a spiring results. The story of tl}e devo- part. Some of the classes also met in tion and sacrifice of the little church the chapels of the Old South, Central, at Bolengi, Africa, thrilled all hearts and First Baptist Churches.-Congre- in the audience. Seven years ago its gationalist. present members were naked savages.

Reasons for Thanksgiving Now they are supporting 14 native The Presbyterian Board of Home evangelists, and expect soon to send Missions suggests the following rea- forth more laborers into the harvest.

sons for thanksgiving to God at this The American Mislionary Association season of the year: This society held its sixteenth an- Th~ number of new members in diffi- nual meeting in Oberlin, October 23-5, with sessions of deepest interest, atcult fields. tended by crowds. The place of meet- The opening of work in the Panama ing may almost be termed the birth- Canal zone. The encouraging progress in Cuba and Porto Rico. place of the society, and from first to The new influence of the Church on last the great majority of its mission- aries and teachers have been Oberlin laboring men. students. Its fields and phases of work The loosening grip of Mormonism. The progress of education among Southern mountaineers. are nine; among the freedmen and The union with the Cumberland mountain whites, the Chinese and J ap- anese of the Pacific Coast, Indians in . Church. the West and Alaska, and other needy The rising of San Francisco from the ashes.

The thousand native Alaskan Presby- classes in Porto Rico and the Hawaiiterian Christians. an Islands. The income rose to An equally strong list might be made $423,627 last year, and exceeded the for the foreign mission field: expenses by $21,341, which sum goes The awakening in Persia. to reduce a deficit .of $89,251 to $67,- The forward steps for the conversion 91 I. The' missionaries and teachers number 336, the church-members 17,- of Moslems. The revivals throughout India. The reforms and religious interest in 950, and the pupils in schools of all China. grades 17,270. The bulk of its work The evangelical results of the Russo- is .found in the South.

Japanese War.

The return of peace in South Africa. Work of the South,em Baptists The work of native evangelists in Central Africa. The Southern Baptist Convention What the .. Disciples" Are Doing has missions in China, Japan, Africa, Italy, Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico. According to the thirty-first annual In these seven regions 189 missionreport made recently at Buffalo, there aries (104 women) are at work, with are now among the "Disciples" 72 7I ordained and 229 ttnordained (in- Living Link churches; 14 new mis- cluding 35 wOl1}en) native helpers; sionaries were sent out during the the 214 churches have a membership year; there are now on the field 487 missionaries, including native helpers; of 12,894, and 2,445 were added by 79 who are studying for the ministry; baptism last year.

40 schools and colleges; 90,333 pa- Work for the Slavs tients were treated last year in the 19 Professor L. H. Miskovsky, of the hospitals; $268,000 in round numbers Slavic department of Oberlin Theo- came into the treasury, being $12,000 logical Seminary, states that the en- more than the amount received during dowment of that department by the gift of $75,000 by Miss Anne Wal- Ever since the Spanish-American worth, of Cleveland, will enable the 'Var Protestant Christianity has been seminary to admit all worthy appli- making rapid strides in the island. cants that it can handle. There need be no dearth of trained missionaries Upon the work already under way to Bohemians, Slovak; and Poles in the present disturbances will probably the future·. Nearly twoscore horne mis- have but little effect, save so far as sionaries, and at least two foreign mis- they divert the minds of the people sionaries, Mr. and Mrs. Hodous, of from their customary occupations and Foo-Chow, China, are the products of create the feeling of uncertainty inthe Congregational Home Missionary separable from a time of widespread Society's work among the Bohemians. violence. The congregations, both The Schauffler Missionary Training American and Cuban, go on with their School, in Oeveland, trains women for work and worship, 'and may be count- Slavic work and is in part supported ed upon to contribute an element of by the Congregational Education So- stability to native life and character. ciety, of Boston, which also has aided the Oberlin Slavic department. Moskito Coast Missions Suffer A Specimen Chinese Christian On October 9 a most terrific hur- ricane devasted the Moskito Coast of A Chinese boy landed in California Nicaragua, worse even than the 24 years ago, who describes himself as frightful hurricane of 1865. Bluefields then a raw heathen come to this coun- escaped with slight damage, but in try to make money, as other China- Pearl Lagoon the devastation was inmen come. He was brought under describable and the beautiful Mora- Christian influences, and the desire vian mission chi1fch is a mass of was kindled which grew till it became splintered wood. Of 120 dwellings a passion, to get the best that America only six remain standing, and these are could give and take it back to his own badly damaged. The Moravian mispeople. Working his own way he sionaries escaped with their lives. The studied five years at Pomona College, mission stations at Haulover and Tasthen three years in the University of bapauni are gone and other stations California, from which he graduated suffered severely. On Corn Island, in 1905. He spent last year in post- where there is no mission, out of 40,- graduate study at Columbia University 000 cocoanut trees only I I are left, and last month sailed from San Fran- and the people have no other source cisco to take a teacher's position in a of livelihood.* school of the Chinese government ,at Canton. In a farewell address at the EUROP£ First Congregational Church in Oakland, Mr. Fong Sec said that he could The Force of the Church Missionary never adequately express his gratitude Society for what Christianity had wrought in him. The total number of European mis- sionaries on the Society's roll on June The Cuban Unrest and Missions I last was, including wives, 1,397. Of these 84 are honorary, and IS partly Any social or political unrest is sure honorary workers. Of the remainder to -react on the spiritual life of a peo- 523 an. wholly or partly supported as ple. Sometimes it leads them to the "own missionaries," as follows: Coonly true Giver of rest, but usually lonial associations are responsible for they are so distracted that they forget 55; individual friends for I I3; varispiritual things. In Cuba the admin- ous associations for 289, including 14 istration has been supplanted for a supported by the Dublin University time and a United States governor is Fuh-Kien Mission; and the Gleaners' in the executive chair. What will be the effect on mission work? * Contributions to relieve the sutTering people and to repair the damages to mission propertyI may be sent to Rev. Paul de Schwel,.tz, Bethlehem, Pa.

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Union and its branches for 52; in ad- work of the Rhenish Missionary Sodition to which 14 wives are specially ciety ·are living, its officers have pub- supported. The total number includes lished a statement that if contribu- 57 doctors and 22 nurses. Excluding tions from that neighborhood increase, wives, about one-half of the mission- one-half of the increase shall be handaries have thus a special link with the ed over to ,the Rhenish Society. Berlin homeland. This is 34 more than were III. supports seven stations in Gersupported at this time last year. man East Africa, where 1 I mission- aries are at work. There were upon Wesleyan Mbsionar;y Work these seven stations 708 members of the Church, 223 inquirers, 1,071 Th"e English W esleyans sustain scholars, and 94 baptisms in 1905. evangeli~ing work in three countries of Europe (Italy, Spain, Portugal), in The Great Exodus from. Rome three sections of Ceylon ( Colombo, Kandy, Golle, J affna) , South India Pastor Schneider, of Elberfeld, has (Madras, Negapatam, Hyderabad, compiled some statistics, based upon Mysore) , North India ( Calcutta, the official statistics, dealing with this Lucknow, Bombay, Burma), China matter. From these it appears that (Canton, Wuchang-), South Africa there ·are far more conversions to (Transvaal, Rhodesia) , West Africa Protestantism from Roman Catholi- (Sierra Leone, The Gambias, Gold cism than from Protestantism to Ro- Coast), and the West Indies (Hon- man Catholicism. During the 14 years duras, Bahamas, Jamaica, Haiti, Lee- from 1890 to 1904, nearly 76,000 memward Islands, Barbados, and Trini- bers of the C'atholic Church in Gerdad, British Guiana). Their mission- many became Protestants; while the aries number 284; native and local converts to Roman Catholic'~m only ministers, 285; other paid agents, 4,- reached IO,OOO. Year by year there 309; unpaid agents, IO,399; full mem- has been a steady advance in the num.. bers, I04,397; on trial, 24,915; pupils ber of conversions to Protestantism: under instruction, 145,303. in fact, from 3,I05 in 1890, to 7,798 in 1904. Conversions to Catholicism Value of Native Laborers have fluctuated between 554 in 1890, and 809 in 1904. Besides, in Austria The Missionary Record of the Uni- the sweep toward the Reformed faith ted Free Church of Scotland, noting is even more phenomenal. the great success of the Church's foreign work, calls attention to an impor- Berlin Millionar;y Socie." tant fact. It says: "In our two most manifestly succ·essful fields, Manchu- The eighty-second annual report of ria and Livingstonia, the progress has this Society shows once more that the been affected through the development Lord prospers increasingly the faithof native evangelism. It is through ful labors of the missionaries. Of the the native Christian leaven that the 89 stations, 58 are located in South mass is to be leavened. In all mission Africa, where the Society sent its first fields the creation of native free and missionary in 1838, 17 are in German aggressive evangelistic forces must East Africa, and 14 in China. The be more definitely aimed at." number of European laborers is 168, viz., 109 ministers, 19 lay workers, A German Societ;y's New Headquarters and 40 teachers. These are assisted by 13 native ministers, 493 paid and The Evangelical Missionary Society 731 voluntary native helpers. TRe for German East Atrica, commonly number of members of the congregacalled "Berlin III.," changed its head- tions is 54,337 (46,406 in South· Afquarters from Gross-Lichterfelde, near rica, 985 in East Africa, and 1,159 Berlin, to Bethel, near Bielefeld. Since in China). In 1905 1,450 heathen ·of this will bring it into 'a neighborhood mature age were baptized in South whete many of the supporters of the

Africa, 174 in East Africa, and 1,159 Will Spain Def), the Pope? in China, while 4,136 inquirers con- tinued to receive instruction. The Tho nqt long since the Spanish numerous schools of the Society w'ere ministry at various points yie:ded to certain demands made by Rome, attended by 10,528 children (1,588 in among the rest agreeing that the China and 8,940 in Africa). The re- only lawful marriages should be port renders especial thanks to God those celebrated with ecclesiastical because all the workers were pre- ceremonies, and that persons desir- served from evil in the midst of war ing to marry should make a declara- and rebellion in South Africa, and tion ·as to their religious faith, the the young native Christians proved liberal. ministry now in power an- faithful in the midst of great tempta- nounces that a new policy would be tions. The financial situation of Ber- followed, and the demands of Rome lin 1., as the society is commonly resisted. With the personal approval called, is not very good, tho more of King Alfonso a decree has been . than $27,000 were contributed by the published declaring civil marriages friends of the work toward the deficit legal, and freeing those to be married of 1904, which was about $80,000. from any obligation to make known This year's deficit is again $42,678. their religion. And what is more, it The $25,000 collected by the "Sammel- looks as tho the State was to be freed Verein" were mostly contributed by from the domination of the Church in children, who are interested in the all civil affairs. work by the pastors. ASIA Dr. Matteo Prochet Retires American Soard in Turke,. Having reached the age limit ac- cordiI,g to his Church's rule, Dr. This society has four missions in the Prochet has now retired from the Wal- Sultan's domain. Three of these are densian Evangelization Committee, a in Asia, known as the Western Tur- post he has filled with singular ability key Mission, including the western and devotion for the past 35 years. two-thirds of the pe.ninsula; the Cen- In commenting on the event of this tral, including the portion south of the formal retirement, the Italia Evangel- T'aurus Mountains, and the north borira says: "It was a solemn, moving, der of Syria; the Eastern, comprising and unforgettable moment; each of the the whole region of the upper Eu- speakers went forward and embraced phrates to the borders of Persia and Dr. Prochet, who was unable to re- Russia. Within the territory of these press his own emotion." missions there are nearly 130 evangel- ical churches planted and growing in This simple paragraph records a the soil, with a membership of over fact, but does not hint its significance. 15,000. Many of them have become Dr. Prochet is one of the most remark- entirely independent and self-support- able men that the nineteenth century ing, others of them nearly so, and all produced. His mastery of European are on the way. Each church is a city tongues may be taken an an indication. set on a hill; each represents brave At the meeting of the Evangelical Al- struggle with difficulties on the part of liance in Florence, some years since, pastor and people. For the majority he responded to the addresses of the of professing Christians in more fa- delegates in I I languages, and regret- vored lands it would be hard to face ted his inability to command more the burden ·and self-sacrifice which tongues for the occasion. Quietly and are patiently met here. unobtrusively he has gone about Eu- rope and made frequent visits to the Omitting as not connected with the .United States," working in the interests Board the two fine imtitutions, Robert not only of the Vandois valleys, but of College at Constantinople and the col- lege at Beirut, there are strategically all truly Christian causes. located, each with a wide fie1dand

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

great influence, naming them in the ary to tl)e 'aid of the four native pas-'

order of their organization as colleges: tors. The Swedish Missionary Soci- Central Turkey College at Aintab, ety, which has a small work in the 1874; Euphrates at Harpoot, 1876; same neighborhood of Persia, might Anatolia at Marsovan, 1886; College cooperate with Hermannsburg in an for Girls 'at Marash, 1886; St. Paul's attempted strengthening and extension Institute at Tarsus, 1889; American of the work-.

College for Girls at Constantinople, A Kurdish Patient at Urumia 1890; International College at Smyr- na, 1902. At three of these centers The following facts, stated by Dr.

there are theological seminaries. Joseph P. Cochran when he was in Bright Prospedl in Marsovan America for the last time, afford only one out of a great number of instances'

The new school year opened at Mar- which made notable Dr. Cochran's sovan, Turkey, with about 500 young whole course of 27 years' missionary men and young women in attendance service in Persia, and well illustrate -a larger number than ever before. the wide r'each of his influence both as Twenty-five young men now are a man and a physician: obliged to sleep on the floor, and the A Kurd, Timur-beg, went to Westminster dining-rooms have been enlarged ,to Hospital, Urumia, very sick. He stayed accomodate the boarders. Students with Dr. Cochran two months and underhave come this year not only from went an operation by which pieces of Asia Minor, but from Constantinople ribs were removed. Timur was a chief and controlled various villages just over and Macedonia. The Marsovan the Persian border. He came to the hosschool is one of the best under the pital on a litter, with a retinue, and it American Board. seemed as if he might die that night. In- stead, he recovered and rode home on German Missionary Effort in Persia horseback. He took a great interest in everything he saw at the hospital. He While Germany tries to 'exert great watched surgical operations and visited influence in trade and education upon the great 'empire of Persia, its mis- all the wards, even those for women. Some time after Timur had returned home, the chiefs of his region in Albach- sionary societies have taken compar- Gawar proposed an assassination of Ar- menians, in a conclave where Timur was atively little interest in its spiritual present. He opposed the proposition on welfare. The German Oriental Mission supports two orphanages for Ar- the ground of his experience in hospital, and said that if the other chiefs went on menians at Urumiaand Choi, while to carry out their plan, he should cast in his lot with the Christians and fight the the Hermannsburg Missionary Society Kurds. Thereupon, the plot evaporated. has labored in Persia at three stations since 1880. It employs only four na- Timur made tJrese points: tive pastors, who received their train- I. Their ability to cure at the hospital. 2. The equal care given to the poor, the ing in Germany, and the three congre- lowest and all sorts and conditions gations number ·about goo members. of men, as well as to chiefs like him- Stories of great sufferings are coming self. from these members, who went 3. The hospital doctor and others there were gentlemen and ladies, and yet through a severe famine last year. The they did. this lowliest service, as he Mohammedans, by whom they are sur- had seen. rounded, have become like ravening Timur is nephew of the man who headwolves through the famine, and make ed·massacres in Dr. Grant's time, 1844. frequent attempts at robbery. The On Tour in Persia Christians who resist them are tor- Rev. E. W. McDowell writes from tured and slaughtered. These suffer- the Kurdish mountains: "I have been ings of the converts are directing the living among the mountain tops, 12,- attention of German Christians to 000 feet above the sea. Organized two neglected Persia and an attempt is haseball nines; taught them the game.

being made to send a German mission- The boys pick it up like ducks to water. I have preached in 55 villages since Let us. unite in thanking our Heavenly June. Some very interesting cases of Father: conversion, but .details 'can not be printed. Have taken a census of Nes- For the progress of the Gospel during torian villages in our mountain field. the past year; There are 275 of them; 175 entirely For the manifest tokens of the power neglected, the other roo slightly and presence of the Holy Spirit; touched." Mr. Charles R. Pitman, in For the quickened zeal for missionary a tour of 600 miles, visited many cities work among Indian Christians. and villages, such 'as Maragha and Miandnab. "My chief impression was Difficulties in India Caused by Destitution the nu.•1ber of unreached villages and great multitude of unreached in the From Salurpeta, the oldest station populous towns and cities that have of the Hermannsburg Missionary Sobeen hardly touched, and the impossi- ciety in the southern part of Telugu bility of ever evangelizing them with- (founded in 1864), comes news which out a considerable amount of touring. vividly portrays the great difficulties Babis were found everywhere, zealous in India. Missionary Mannke reports in propagating their faith and increas- that in 1905 he baptized 182 heathen ing in numbers. There is need for in this one station, but that the people touring among Moslem women, for are in continued great distress, so that very little has been done for them." many children have to be fed in the Touring is not easy in Persia. school. The men are day laborers and are in a bad social and fiI1ancial condi- A Day of Prayer for India tion. During the last few years many of these people sowed their seed five Sunday, December 2, 1906, is ap- times a year, but the rains did not pointed as a special day of prayer for come and the sprouting grain dried India. The call says in part: up. In all the Telugu stations of the Hermannsburg Missionary Society We would urge that in such united 757 heathen were baptized in 1905.

prayer an earnest confession of our own A Hindu Missionary Magazine failure and a heartfelt reliance on the The Indian National Missionary Society, in order to better represent its grace and comfort of the Holy Spirit work, is arranging for the issue of a monthly organ, to be known as the take the first and foremost place. "The National Missionary Intelligencer, and the first number will appear in Sep- Spirit helpeth our infirmities. For we tember. In order that it may be easily within the reach of all, the subscripknow not how to pray as we ought: but tion price is set at only seven annas per year, including postage. Anyone the Spirit himself maketh intercession for who may wish to know what the So- ciety is doing, and thus keep in touch us with groanings which can not be ut- with one of the most aggressive move- ments of Indian Christianity, may send tered. the subscription price to Mr. K. S. As we think of the advent of our Lord Krishnasawamy, Y. M. C. A. building, Madras.-Ka,ukab-i-Hind. our hearts go out to those 100,000,000 in Ho~ Hindu Christians Work India to whom as yet the glorious mes- A business meeting, recently consage of redemption has never been pro- ducted in St. Thomas' Church, Rober- sonpet, by the members of the National claimed. We shall pray that God will Church of India, gives an interesting picture of the way Hindu Christians raise up Indian leaders, men "ftill of pow- er and of the Holy Spirit," who will give up themselves for Christ's sake and the Gospel's to declare unto their brethren the wonderful work of God.

Let us pray together, therefore, among the petitions: .

That the spirit of unity and sympathy may increase among all Christians; That a revival of spiritual life and mis- sionary fervor may be experienced in every Christian community in India; That the word of the Gospel may be carried forth to the millions as yet un- reached; That leaders may arise in the Indian Church who will give up all for mission- ary work.

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

conduct their church business. The the past 50 years of your life, we rejoice to think that you can look back with a Christian Patriot reports: good conscience on the efforts you were The pastor and the elders of the church enabled to make on behalf of our Lord were present. After the usual prayer, and Master. Your long and successful each elder presented his monthly report missionary career at Alibag, with its from a printed form. The church is di- abiding fruits, shows how much work, vided into circles, and each elder is re- with capability and proper Christian sponsible for those members in his circle. training, the sons of the soil can accom- He reports their number, the visits he plish as missionaries.-Bombay Guardian.

has made to the members, mentions The Shanghai Centennial losses, gains, giving the causes, attendance list during the past month, gives in- The great convocation which is to cidents, and one of them stated the offer celebrate the one hundredth annivermade by a male member to be respon- sary of the entrance of Protestant mis- sionaries in China, will be celebrated sible for the conduct of the Sabbath- in Shanghai, April 25 to May 7. school; and another stated the offer made by two female members to work as Bible women without salary or. any remunera- Among others who are going out to tion. Every member of the congregation is in personal touch with those respon- . attend this notable gathering are John R. Mott, President ].ohn F. Goucher, sible for their welfare. The whole proceeding is what a model and independent and Dr. C. C. Creegan. The outline church should be. . of the program, which has already The Jubilee of a Hindu Christian been given in this REVIEW, promises a A large number of Indian Chris- great feast.

tians assembled on Saturday last, Sep- A Momon Memoria) for China tember I, in the C. M. S. Hall, Gir- A most appropriate movement has gaum, Bombay, to honor and congrat- been started in China, looking to the ulate Rev. G. R. Navalkar on the at- construction during the 'coming year of an edifice in Canton which shall tainment of the jubilee of his baptism. commemorate the landing of this piZ,- The meeting was evidently under a neer missionary in that city a century cloud through the recent heavy loss since. At a mass-meeting held in which had overtaken the Christian Hongkong not long since several adcommunity in the death of Rev. Baba dresses were made, and Chinese Chris- Padmanji, -and the thought was ex- tians were asked to make pledges. pressed more than once that the Chris- About $7,000 were soon secured, with tian generation which Mr. Navalkar women the largest givers. Appeals will be circulated far and wide. The repres-ents-a generation of strong design is to rear on a central site a and able men-is fast passing away. large assembly hall, with a library, Dr. R. A. Hume, of Ahmednagar,- missionary museum, gymnasium, etc., the whole to be placed under the care presided, and among those who took of the Young Men's Christian Associapart were Rev. M. B. Nikambe, Mr. tion. B. N. Athavale, Mr. P. S .•Kukde, Mr. Settlement of Lien-chou Claims Dalvi, who spoke 'as a Hindu and a fellow teacher of Mr. Navalkar; Mr. T. Buell, Mr. C. J. Asbury, and the chairman. Rev. D. L. Joshi read and presented the address which was in- The Presbyterian Board refused to closed in a sandal-wood casket. The press any claims for life lost in the Lien-chou massacre last year, but the sentences of special interest are: Your useful career has shown yOU as a following claims presented by the missionary, poet, grammarian, essayist, American Consul-General Lay have lecturer, educationalist, apologetic writer, been agreed to by the viceroy of the journalist and Indian Christian patriot. Even after your retirement from active Two Kwang: service your facile pen has redoubled its That the sum of taels 46,129.65 be paid powers-a worthy example to younger to the American Presbyterian Mission, men. We bless the Giver of all good as compensation for loss of property at gifts for such a rare combination of no- Lien-chou.

ble qualities. Summing up the results of That the strongest assurances be 'given

thl! American government that in future Another Testimony Against Opium adequate, efficient, and effective protection be guaranteed to American mission- Following a series of united prayeraries in and near Lien-chou. meetings, the Chinese Christians of Canton have formed a union for the That the small Chinese temple used for purpose of .binding together all who annual "Ta-Tsiu" celebrations and adja- promise to abstain from (I) wine, (2) 'cent to the former men's mission hospi- opium and tobacco, (3) exaggerated tal be at once transformed into a school- and bad speech, (4) debt. Three hunhouse and that the land on which it dred men, women, schoolboys and stands be confiscated to the state. girls have joined this union, members of practically every denomination rep- That near this schoolhouse and in a resented in Canton. One of the leaders conspicuous position there be erected by speaks of these as but elementary the Chinese authorities a stone tablet, on steps; but, as he says, "if we are faithwhich shall be carved the Edict of His ful in taking these as God calls, He Majesty issued on the 28th of October, will lead us to higher and more im- portant things." These who have 1905· pledged themselves are men and wom- That a memorial tablet be erected also en living in an atmosphere full of lying and evil speech, among a people by the Chinese authorities to the memory practically all in debt, and whose soof those missionaries who lost their lives cial customs almost compel the offerin the massacre at Lien-chou, and that ing of the wine cup and the tobacco such tablet shall bear an inscription sta- (if not the opium)- pipe. ting that it is ere_ted by the Chinese authorities. Treatment of Girls in China No .. Age.limit" to Conversion in China There is hardly a house in the dis- trict that has not been guilty of the The Celestials are the exact antip- murder of girl babies. A Christian man and his wife confessed to having odes of the Occidentals at many 'points, had six little girls whom they did not "keep," before they became Chrisand are emphatically a law unto them- tians. I was visiting a woman, over eighty years of age, living with her selves in religion as well as elsewhere. husband. I asked: "Have you no children or grandchildren?" "No, I Thus several years ago Dr. Ashmore had very bad luck, I never had any children," she replied; but, as an stated that in the Swatow Baptist Mis- afterthouglrt, she added, "Oh, yes! girls, plenty of them, but I never sion of 1,670 church-members, nearly kept' any."

half were baptized after the age of So, There is the other great evil of selling little girls to be· brought up 36r after the age of 60, 98 when past in a family, where she will some day be the wife of one of the sons. These threescore and ten, and four when be- little girls are very seldom loved, they are commonly ill-treated and yond fourscore. . made drudges. I knew one such child who was sold to a heathen What the Chinese Think of Opium house. One or two people died, and the child was accused of bringing ill The cure of an opium smoker at our luck, and was deliberately shut up in Hsiao-Kan hospital has led to a con- a room and starved to death.-India's stant succession of similar cases, over Women and China's Daughters. 40 having having been reported cured within a. few months. "On my last visit to the district in March," writes Mr. Tomkins, "a number of these men were applying for church-membership. I could not help being struck with their joyousness, as of those who were at last rid of a load that had been dragging"them down.

"Four of the most influent.ial among them are now anxious to form a league to drive opium out of the place. They are willing to provide funds to float the scheme. Only reformed opium smokers are to join,and any who break their pledge will be fined for each offense, the moneys thus raised to be used in helping to send other opium' sots to the hospital for treatment."

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Demon Possession in China number two of the ablest and most A remarkable story is told in the earnest offered themselves voluntarily August number of the Foreign Field as the first missionaries of the Manof the Wesleyan Missionary Society. churian Church. The presbytery re- Mrs. Macdonald, the wife of Dr. Mac- solved itself into a missionary comdonald, of Wuchow, describes the vic- mittee there and then, drafted a mistim as a girl of 21, who had been sionary constitution, and one of the brought to the hospital by her husband, Chine~e members moved that the missuffering from fever and debility. Two sion field of the Manchurian Church nights after her arrival she became should be Manchuria, Mongolia, Kovery wild and excited, and the doctor rea, "and the borders thereof."· Mr. and his wife were summoned to her Vifebster closes this remarkable article bedside. The scene resembled many by saying: "The spread of our work recorded in the New Testament. The in Manchuria will not prevent us oedemon was at last commanded, in the coming part of the future great body name of the Lord Jesus, to come out of Christians which shall be known of the girl, and presently the wild look neither as Presbyterian, Congregationleft her face, and she gradually became al, Episcopal, nor Methodist, but whose quiet, listening attentively to the pray- designation shall be 'the Church of ers which were offered for her, and Christ in China.' And may God speed at last falling asleep. ·When she awoke the day!"

she was in her right mind, tho still ill Prayer of an Ainu Woman and weak. This scene was witnessed We frequently have Ainu prayer- by several other patients, among them meetings in our house, composed· of a Taoist priest's wife. These priests people from the "Rest Home." The earn their living by pretending to drive prayers are very original at times and out demons. The woman stood amazed, savor strongly of Ainu characteristics.

and exclaimed : "Never did I see a Here is one used by a woman a short demon go thus, just by speaking the time since: "Lord, make a basket of name of Jesus!" The poor girl told . my body and a bag of my heart, and Mrs. Macdonald that she had of late fill both full of Thyself. I was as filthy been greatly troubled by demons and as a highly smelling, putrified fish, begged to be allowed to stay in the but Thou has cleansed my heart and hospital and learn more of the Lord sweetened me. For this I praise Thee.

Jesus, who had such power to drive Ve were worms and noxious insects, away evil spirits. but Thou hast been gracious to us and raised us up. Oh, help us serve Thee!

WOIJderful Progress in Manchuria And when we return to our homes Rev. Jas. Webster, of Newchwang, help us to tell of Thee to others. recounts this story of facts in the Mis- Amen."-C. M. S. Quarterly.

sionary Record, of the U. F. Church Methodist Union in Japan of Scotland. In 1900, during the Boxer A slight error appeared in our Sep- revolt, and the more recent Russo-Jap- tember number regarding this impor- anese conflict. Manchuria was a se- tant step. W,e now give the correct vere sufferer from calamities of vari- facts.

ous sorts. Yet the Church there came The joint commission on the union out of this furnace of trial with a of Methodism in Japan, composed of membership of II,S84, and all income representativ{::s of the Methodist Epis- of nearly $4°,000. copal Church, South, and the Metho- At the last meeting of the presby- dist Church of Canada, met in Buffalo, tery seventeen native students who N. Y, July 18, 1906. After two days have passed through a full theological of prayerful consideration, articles of curriculum were solemnly set apart to union were unanimously 'adopted and the office of the ministry. Of that provision made for the organization

of the Methodist Church of Japan. 48 missionaries, I4,353 communicants, This action, authorized by the General 56,943 adherents, and $58,2I6 in offer- Conferences of the churches in the ings. The Methodists report 22,000, United States and Canada, was in re- making a total of 8o,C'Jo in the native sponse to the practically unanimous Protestant Church.

conviction of the pastors and mem- AFRICA bers of the churches of Japan, as well The Bible in Abyssinia as the foreign missionaries· laboring among them. The first Protestant missionary who The name of the united church will has been permitted for many years to be "Nippon Methodist Kyokwai" (the make anything like a stay in Abyssin- Methodist Church of Japan). ia, is the Rev. Karl Cederquist, of the The Methodist Church in Japan Swedish National Society's Mission in will be modeled after the three uniting Eritrea.

churches, and includes general, annual, Four cases of Scriptures sent off district, and quarterly conferences, from Alexandria did not reach Mr.

with well-defined duties and powers. Cederquist at Adis Abeba until nearly The general conference will meet next a year after he first wrote for them.

May, and after that quadrennially, and A recent letter reports that he has sold will be composed of an equal number practically all the Bibles and New Tes- .

of ministerial and lay delegates. The taments in Amharic, and also most of itinerant syvstem is preserved and an the Psalters in Ethiopic. Separate por- itinerant general superintendency is tions of the Bible will not be in much provided. request until schools are formed and Steps Toward Union in Korea school children want them as reading At the meeting of "The General books, when Mr. Cederquist believes Evangelical Council" of Korea Mis- they will command a ready sale. At sions, the first week in September, his request, more Bibles and Testacommittees were appointed on harmo- ments in Galla are being sent out to nizing of doctrine and polity for the Adis Abeba.-The Bible in the Worlldd_.

new "Church of Christ in Korea." A A Union of African Languages tentative Constitution was adopted for The secretary to the British South one vyear. Rev. S. F. Moore writes: Africa Company calls attention to a It -ddeecclares that the aim of this council letter from A. C. Madan, of Oxford, is "cooperation in mission work and in regard to the importance of lan- guage in relation to the native queseventually the organization of but one tion in Africa. The possibility of large native church." All felt that prayer was answered, we are nearer together than a year ago and the final attainment of our groups of tribes, hitherto distinct and aim seems more certain. mutually antagonistic, becoming rap- idly able to understand each other in The Presbyterian Council met on Sep- some common form of speech has aptember 12 and arrangements are being completed for the setting up of the Inde- pendent Presbyterian Church of Korea parently to be taken into account. The next fall when the council expects to stock of words common to all Bantu meet in Pyeng Yang and when seven tribes, when recognized under their various dialectic d-isguises, will probanative ministers are to be ordained. It is thought that u ion can be effected more readily in this way than in any other, as bly prove very considerable. the native church, being responsible to Christ alone, will be at liberty to nego- The officials, missionaries, traders, se'l;- tiate with the native Methodist church tIers, and travelers of various nationaliand thus consummate union. There are ties who are qualified to give help in testalready 50 students preparing for the ing this conclusion by personal and firstministry and it is considered likely that hand study of a Bantu dialect are naturthe missionaries will be largely outnum- ally difficult to reach, Persons qualified bered within a decade by the native min- and willing to reply to a brief commun!iistry. cation on the subject should send their addresses to A. C. Madan, at Fort Jame- The Presbyterian missions now have son, Northeastern Rhodesia.

GENERAL 1~ISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Good News from West Africa ing our Lord Jesus. Thank her for her A letter from Rev. "V. C. Johnston, greeting, and say I also send greeting to of the American Presbyterian Mission her. in Efulen, West Africa, shows how the My wife also, Mona K. Bisereko, greets Gospel attracts the Negro: her affectionately, and sends her this ring There were 580 people at Sabbathschool yesterday, and over 600 at the for the arm. And to you also my wife preaching service. There were 99 in my class of men, and we have a young men's and my two children send greetings; and class besides. Yesterday a week ago was our communion service, and we had so greet all, my friend, in your house for an average attendance of 220 at each of the three days' preparatory services. And me, and say, He greets you affectionately. on Sabbath there were about 650 people present. Eight persons were received on And then the gift you sent 'me of a penprofession. There are 72 on the Efulen church roll now, 33 men and 39 women. cil, I thank you f6r very much. There are 242 in the two inquiry classes, and the work is rather encouraging, but May God give you His peace and show I have not been able to-spend the time in the villages that I need to spend there. to you His grace for all mankind. I am, There are more than So inquirers from villages ten miles and more from Efulen, your friend, ANDERAYA KABAKA. and we have during this year received into the church six persons living more Among the Savage Ngoni than ten miles from Efulen. The Missionary Record, of the A Letter from an African King United Free Church, of Scotland, says: "Mission work was begun among The Rev. C. F. Jones of Notting- the Ngoni in 1883, but not till 1887 ham, England, 'has lately received was liberty given to open a school or to preach the Gospel. They were the following letter from King An- determined to prevent anything likederaya, the ruler of Bunyoro, trans- ly to weaken their power as upheld by {he spear, and it required years lated verbatim by Mr. A. B. Lloyd; of patient waiting for liberty to car- ry on organized work. Medical the "chief lady" referred to by the work, however, was welcomed from the first, and extensively carried on; royal correspondent is Miss Popple- and under cover of darkness, while the tribe slept, we conducted a small well, who has been for 72 years a school in 'Our house, in which several youths were taught to read and collector for the Church. Missionary write, and received instruction in Scriptural truth. Last year we had Society: over 140 schools, with 315 Christian HIOMA, BUNYORO, April 29, 1906. teachers, and an average daily 'Of 'Over 13,000 scholars. There are over My FRIEND :-Be it peace this time! I 2,000 baptized adults in three congreet you with all my love, and I thank gregations, each with a native kirkyou for my letter very much; I was great- session, and their contributions last ly pleased to receive it. I am, my brother, year for home and foreign missions, to blame for not having written to you building of schools and churches, lately, but really I have not had time, for and for education, amounted to over truly, sir, God has given me work to do; 142 6." because I now have two capitals, Hoima and Masindi. I am greatly wishing to Livingstone's Tree at Ilala visit through my country, in all six gayas, every gaya to be visited, and to accomplish The tree under which was 'buned the work to be done there; this is what I the heart of David Livingstone bedesire God to give me strength to do, and ginning to show signs of decay, it was great grace to judge truly His people lent cut down and a monument erected to me to reign over. in its place. By order of the Commis- sioner of N. E. Rhodesia, the tree But now at this time God is calling was carefully cut into blocks and many to come and follow His Son Jesus 'sent to London, at no little cost and Christ, and so I pray without ceasing to trouble, 'to be sold 'On behalf of two God that He may send His Holy Spirit special objects which are at present to flash forth the light in Bunyoro, that interesting the friends 'Of Livingthose who are still far away may see and come quickly to His Son Jesus, the Savior of all men.

Also greet the chief lady of the Church, who has reached ninety-five years in serv-

stone. The first is a church at Fort Red Coated Missionaries in C~e Colony Jameson, to be called the Living- Mrs. Clinton T. Wood, of Wellingstone Memorial Church. The second ton, South Africa, writes enthusiastic- ally of the blessing which the Moody j,s the new station at Chitambo of Colportage books have been in that land, where bad books are cheap and the Livingstonia Mission, 'planted good books are expensive. She says: :near the very spot where' the tree Mr. Wood is in charge of a school where young Africander men are trained grew. A box of these blocks has as missionaries, and from which they are been sent to the Livingstonia Com- sent· out into the needy fields of South and Central Africa. One student, a bright mittee, and these are now for sale. young fellow, came to ask our prayers for his people. He was the only Chris- A Flouriahing German Mission tian in the family. His brothers and sisters were careless and worldly-minded, One of the most fruitful fields cul- and so opposed to religion that if he wrote anything of Christ in his letters tivated by the Berlin Society is found they would not allow his mother to read in South Africa. The growth (1894- them at all, for fear she might want to be 1905) appears in these figures: The a Christian. The poor old lady was ill with an incurable disease, and anxious stations have increased from 41 to 58, about herself, but quite in the dark. At our suggestion he sent her "The Way the missionaries from 57 to 74, the na- Home," by Dr. Moody. The brothers tive helpers from 552 to 867, and the and sisters, thinking it was some little number of baptized from 27,119 to story that might amuse their poor moth- er, gave it to her, and in it she found the 46,407. light she was seeking. She wrote ask- ing for another book, and we sent an- Value of a Hospital in Uganda other to carry its message of peace to the hungry soul. When she passed away, It is interesting to hear how the some weeks ago, she was rejoicing in her newly-found Savior and the brothers and Baganda, so many of whom have sisters began to wonder what the two been relieved, look on the hospital. books were that had been so precious to Dr.]. H. Cook, of the C. M. S., her. Now, simply from love to her, they are reading for themselves, and are bewrites: coming interested. There are many oth- er similar incidents of the way these Last Sunday morning I heard (from my books are proving useful. window at home) shouts of pain proceeding from the hospitaL A poor man had just Continued Revival in Madagascar been brought in in great distress. A slight operation not only relieved his pain com- The missionaries of the Paris Evanpletely, but cured him from a state which gelical Missionary Society continue to would have proved fatal in a few hours. report a gradually spreading revival Poor fellow, he was almost too grateful for upon that third largest island in the words, and Semei, our hospital boy, said to world. Missionary Gaignaire considme: "Do yoU know, Sebo, what nickname ers it a most important sign that many the Baganda are giving you?" "No, Semei, who acknowledged their sins publicly what is it?" "They call you 'Tefe'" (pro- and now look back upon their former nounced ta"fway). I wasn't much the wiser, lives with true sorrow, were led to this and asked him what it meant. "Oh," he by a kind of vision of the sufferings said, "it's a proverb: 'Tefe etusa mugenyi,' and death of Christ. The same vision, which means, 'The home where they don't he also remarks, seems to give them di·e brings a visitor.' And the explanation comfort, joy, and Christian strength. is this: If a man is beating his wife and he A respected and very intelligent man, sees a stranger, a visitor, coming up the who held high office, came forward path, he lets her go, and she says: 'Owa! if and professed sins of which none knew, that visitor hadn't .been here they would exclaiming: "0 Christ, I have be~ have killed me.' And so," continued Semei, trayed Thee. I have crucified Thee. I "you are the visitor to this country who has saved many of our sick people from being killed, and so they call you 'Tefe,' the home where people do not die." If applied, not to us, but to our dear hospital-is it not a beautiful thought? I would like to write up over our porch: "Tefe etusa mugenyi." and let our hospital be known as the "home where people do not die." But, above all, pray for. us, that it may be the home where people are saved, not merely from physical distress and death, but from him who is able to destroy both the soul and body in hell.

I 906 ] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

drove the nails into Thy hands. I have the correct totals, and in our January put the crown of thorns upon Thy number will endeavor to take extra brow. I have blasphemed Thee. Is care to have the additions correct: there forgiveness for me?" Many of Totals for American societies- those who are touched by the Holy Laymen missionaries ….. . Total missionaries …….. . Spirit try to undo the evil they have done, and they restore what they ac- Added last year ………..• quired dishonestly or fraudulently. Many native evangelists have come Totals for British societies- Home income ………… . $8,197,679 Total missionaries …….. . 8,788 forward and acknowledged that their Communicants ……….. . 537.450 own faithlessness has greatly hindered Scholars …………….. . 628,407 the progress of the Gospel. Thus, in Totals for German societies- Madagascar, as in many other places Total missionaries …….. . 1,984 Communicants ……….. . 209,061 of the world, is the revival appearing Adherents ……………• 510,182 Totals for Christendomand true fruits of repentance are seen. Home income …………. $19,661,885 MISCELLANEOUS Ordained missionaries ….. 5,905 Lay missionaries ………. 2,567 Duty and Privilege Total missionaries ……… 17,839 Rev. James Richards, one of the im- Force in field………….. 107,174 mortal "haystack" pioneers, wrote thus Communicants ………… 1,754,182 in his journal: "I feel that I owe 10,- Added last year ……… , . . 143,193 Adherents …………….. 4,072,088 000 talents and have nothing to pay. Scholars ……………… 1,246,127 What Some Master Missionaries Teach The heathen have souls as precious as my own. If Jesus was willing to leave A Christian worker once said: "The the bosom of the Father and expose lessons I have learned from the lives Himself to such suffering here below of missionaries are invaluable. J.

for the sake of them and me, with Hudson Taylor teaches me the suprem- what cheerfulness should I quit the acy of childlike faith; Mackay, of For- pleasures of refined society, and for- mosa, the transforming power of con- sake father and mother, brothers and centrated force and the preaching of sisters, to carry the news of His love Jesus; Paton of the New Hebrides, to far distant lands; let me never con- how holy a passion is love for souls; sider anything too great to suffer, or Andrew Murray and George Mueller, anything too dear to part with when that praying availeth; Sheldon Jackson the glory of God and the salvation of and Edgerton Young, that Arctic men require it." snows can not cool a flaming zeal for Dr. Jared W. Scudder-A Correction Christ."

An error appeared in our Novem- Missionaries as Bible Translators ber frontispit,,<:: in printing the name of John W. Scudder, who passed away Rev. J. S. Dennis has recently stated in India on May 23, 1900. The hon- that the number of translations made ored missionary in the group of veter- by missionaries covering the entire Bians is a brother of Dr. John W. Scud- ble-including three versions now obder, Dr. Jared W. Scudder of the Re- solete-is one hundred and one; numformed Church mission, and we are ber of additional translations by misthankful that he still lives and labors sionaries covering the entire New in the field to which he went out in Testament-including twenty-two ver- sions now obsolete-one hundred and 1855. twenty-seven; number of additional languages into which missionaries have Missionary Statistics-Correction. translated only portions of the Old and The statistics published in our Jan- New Testaments-including fifteen uary REVIEW have been found to be in versions now obsolete-two hundred error in their totals, altho the precau- . and fifty-four; the resultant total be- tion was taken to have them verified ing 482, to which may be added the on the adding machine. We give here versions prepared by transliteration.

A Strange Coincidence Hongkong in 1898, and has since been It is a curious fact that it was on most active in promoting Christian November 3, 1852, the very day when work both among the British residents Commodore Perry was ready to sail and the Chinese' in his large diocese.

into Yedo Bay, that the present Em- Dr. Moir Duncan, of China peror of Japan was born, so that he News has just been received of the and the new progressive era began death of the Rev. M. B. Duncan, life together. LL.D., principal of the Shansi Impe- OBITUARY rial University~ which happened on Dr. F. W. Baedeker. of London the 5th of September. Shansi has suffered an irreparable loss, and China Dr. F. W. Baedeker, who died Oc- has lost the service of one of the most tober 9, in his eighty-seventh year, capable foreigners that have ever en- was one of the best beloved of the tered her borders.

veterans of Europe. Since 1860 he has resided in London, tho a German by F. G. Ensign. of Chicago birth. He was a doctor of philology, but above all, a devout spiritual dis- F. G. Ensign, who died September ciple, with rare love for souls and 26, at Oak Park, Ill., was a man who power to win men. A great crisis in has wrought great things for God. As 1866 led to his abandonment of his superintendent of the American Sun- professional career, and for forty day-school Union in the Northwest years he has had but one aim-to he enrolled half a million children in preach Christ, traveling especially in Sunday-schools. He was the life eastern Europe to foster evangelical friend of Mr. Moody and born in the faith. Humble and lowly minded, there same year; a man of tireless energy was nothing intrusive about him, but and contagious zeal, of sympathetic everywhere he was a missionary, and spirit, sunny temper, and inflexible his face had the solar light always integrity. Those who best knew him burning on it. The prisons of Russia most loved him. He was one of the and Siberia he lit up with his presence, rarest of men. He learned industry having the official permit of the on the farm of the family, then in 1863 Russian prison department-a carte undertook religious work in the army blanche for all such work, and winning at $20.00 a month, boarding himself.

his way everywhere. Then he became field agent of the Biahop Hoare. of Hongkong Christian Commission, and afterward as secretary of the American Christian The sad intelligence has been re- Commission developed practical methceived of the death of Bishop Hoare ods of work. In I870 he became· of Hongkong, when traveling on his supepintendent of the work of the episcopal work, in the terrible typhoon Sunday-school Union in districts in which sank so many vessels on Tues- the Northwest destitute of church and day, September 18. He was a son of religious influences; 16,740 new Sunthe late Canon Hoare, of Tunbridge day-schools have been established Wells. In 1875 he went to China to since 1870; 65,670 teachers and 503,- begin the establishment of a college 924 scholars have been gathered in for Chinese boyS" at Ningpo, and under them; aid was given to 80,702 needy his guidance the college became a schools, in which there were 392,497. most successful institution. Eugene teachers giving Bible instruction to 3,- Stock relat that of the one hundred 797,675 scholars; I25,857 copies of and sixty-five native students who were sacred Scriptures were given to the under his charge during seventeen . needy, and 959,856 visits made to years, fifty-seven becamt: teachers and homes of the neglected people and catechists. He was made bishop of I54,947 reLigious meetings were held. THE RELIGION OF ISLAM. By Rev. F.· A. SAMUEL J. MILLS: Missionary Pathfinder Klein. 8vo, pp. 241, cloth. 7s. 6d. Kegan Paul, Trench, Triibner& Co., By Thomas C. Richards. 12mo. $1 50' London, 1906. The Pilgrim Press, Boston, 1gOO. . • Here is an accurate and scholarly If the Haystack Centennial had handbook on the dogmatics and practical theology of Islam by one who yielded no other fruit than this new writes with authority and quotes from the original sources. The Rev. F. A. memoir, it would be a cause of suffi- Klein was a missionary of the C. M. S. in Palestine from 1851 to 1882; then cient thankfulness. Doctor Gardiner he was appointed to Cairo and retired from act,ive service in 1893; he then Spring's Life of Mills has long been commenced the present work, leaving the manuscript complete before his out of print, and this new volume more death in I903. In five long chapters the" subject is. divided as Moslems than fills the lack. It is a fascinating them5elves do into the sources of Islam, its doctrines, the imamate, fiqh book. The author has the tact to touch or jurisprudence, and the sects of Islam. The whole treatment of the sub- his theme and the reader at vital points j ect is fair and sympathetic. No spe- ?f sympathetic ~ontact. H.is biography cial opinions are offered and the facts speak for themselves. Some of the IS compact, WIthout tediOUS details material gathered is presented here for the first time to English readers, and at the same time is comprehensive: and by copious notes and Arabic references every ,topic is made fresh and It is well written and there has evioften startling. Chapter and verse are g;iven for many of the doctrines and dently been n? little pains taken to get practises of Islam which some assert have no place in the system; e.g.} .at the facts; It has an air of historical the teaching in regard to lying ahd false oaths and the sensual abomi- accuracy. At the same time it avoids nations of Mohammed's Paradise. The account of the ritual of prayer is excessive laudation, and is a call1, complete and full of new information. An invaluable book to every mis- impartial and judicial array of facts. sionary among Moslems and every student of comparative religions; the The humorous element is also present volume, we regret to say, lacks an index, nor does the table of contents and the book will have many Trehaedearns~ give an adequate idea of the many im- especially among the young. portant matters treated. The proofreading of the Arabic was not care- cestry of Mr. Mills is traced his colfully done; see, for example, pp. 22, 29, 54, 55, 87, I04, 127, 176, 20I, 203, legiate and theological life, his modest 220, 224, etc. A bibliography of the works referred to would have been activity in securing organized moveuseful. These minor matters, however, only emphasize our unqualified ments in the direction of Bible distri- praise of a book that will hold its own bution and missionary effort; and the and is soon to appear in a second and, reader with deep interest follows the we trust, corrected edition. strange course of events by which he was himself shut out from actual par- ticipation in direct foreign mission work, and died at sea, at the early age of thirty-five. We reserve for fuller review both the life story of Mr. Mills and the record of it of whic.h this is but a brief notice.

GRIFFITH JOHN: The Story of Fifty Years in China. By R. Wardlaw Thompson.

8vo. 6s. net. RAel.igCio. uAs rTmrsatrcotngS,ocNieet~y London. $2.00.

York, 1906.

T~is .is the story of a half century of miSSion work, unsurpassed in mod- ern times. It is from the pen of the Foreign Secretary of the London Mis- sionary Society who, ovfercyouwrisde~ has br01!ght to his task a ac- quamtance with mission work and a practi~ed hand in literary composition.

The hfe had been begun by Richard Lovett who< passed away soufddmeantley~ leaving behind a great mass rial which Doctor Thompson has

worked into a masterful book. His Martin will be remembered as· the first words, "The life of a great mis- three great Chinese veterans, all of sionary," well describe the volume. whom went to China within the five There are seven features of Dr. John's years from 1850 to 1855. So pervasive character which this admirable story has been this man's influence that it brings into prominence: first, his ag- may be said that his half century in gressive activity; second, his passion Hankow has exercised an influence for souls; third, his independence and over the whole Orient.

resolution; fourth, his faith in the REMINISCENCES OF A MISSIONARY BISHOP. gospel and its power; fifth, his mis- By Daniel S. Tuttle, Bishop of Missouri. sionary statesmanship; sixth, his self- I2mo. $2.00 net. Thomas Whittaker, oblivion, and last, but not least, his New York, 1906.

marvelous influence upon the Chinese. Bishop Tuttle, in the preface, tells He has had all the social influence and us how these records were begun in authority of a Mandarin. It has been 1889, at his wife's urgent request, and said of him that he could "make a finished fifteen years later. One great Chinaman do anything he pleased." motive in publishing them is to pay a Nothing about this prince of mission- deserved tribute to th6 love and grat- aries is so mighty as his simple life itude of the wild men of the mountains among this people. No man in China for whom he labored. For twenty ever comprehended China's wants years he was a missionary bishop to more fully, or did more to relieve them. "Montana with jurisdiction in Idaho He is now in America, resting and and Utah." His work in Montana was recuperating, and his darling desire, pioneer work in a territory of 145,000 like Hudson Taylor, is to return to square miles with 30,000 people. It that land, which is dearer to him than had been first inhabitated by whites his native Welsh fatherland, and there only five years before, and in 1863 was finish both his work and his earthly full of desperadoes bent on robbery life. For thirty years he has especially and not hesitating at murder. There labored in the expectation of immedi- was a state of anarchy only put down ate results in conversions. And while . by some of the most heroic deeds on givIng to preaching the primary place, record. It was only three years after he gives a proper place and vC'Jue to law and order began their reign that education, translation and diffusion of Bishop Tuttle's mission began; but the the scriptures and every other means sort of teligious work to be done may of spiritual uplift. be imagined. It is a romantic story .This life story is a remarkable rec- and needs to be read to be appreciated.

ord of fifty years of steady work, un- Prices were enormous; for example: sparing toil, and a heroism that hesi- $6.00 for four quires of writing paper.

tated at no sacrifice. With all his other Exposures of all kinds were a common achievements, translation stands out experience but cheerfully endured.

conspicuous. Indeed it would be hard Contact with souls in desperate need to find any department of mission and equally desperate temptation, rap- work in which Dr. John has not been idly refined away self-seeking and not only active but eminent. He was worldly ambition. He went into a log known as the boy preacher of South cabin in Virginia City in 1867; he Wales at the age of sixteen. Born in furnished it very simply but very ex- 1831, he is now only seventy-five years pensively, at cost of nearly $250.00 for old. He h;j,s turned away from many the barest necessities of life, and for paths of distinction and emolument the time with no company but a cat.

ever since he first turned his thought It was slow work reaching the people to missions. Madagascar was his or- ensnared in drink, profanity and reck- iginal choice, but he was chosen of less ways of living. The entire com- God for the great Oriental empire. He munity was "soaked in irreligion."

with Hudson Taylor and Dr. W. A. P. Yet he found personal "kindness un-

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

ceasing and overwhelming." Hard crowded with material and altho they drinkers would come to his cabin to necessarily repeat the sad story of ig- give him money for charity. These norance, degradation and immorality, godless people gave him $3,000 to build the view of Islam is not hopeless but "St. Paul's Church." Meanwhile he hopeful with the power of the Gospel.

declined the proffered bishopric of It will surprise even the student of Missouri, with all its emoluments, so missions to learn, e. g., of the large r.e- mighty is love! Every day he learned suIts in Java, Sumatra and India. The new lessons of how to deal with sin modern developments in Islam are and sinners, compassionating the man described and its present aggression in while refusing all compromise with his Africa shown to be a peril that must wrong-doing. Mrs. Tuttle joined her immediately be met. Where nearly husband in Helena in 1869, where every land from West Africa to China again he built a church. Then he is so carefully treated we regret that moved to Salt Lake City, which for North Africa and the Sanusiya move- seventeen years was his home. Here ment receive scant notice. The stahe was teacher, preacher; inan among tistical and comparative surveys of men and bishop over a wide diocese. Africa and Asia are exhaustive and When Bishop Tuttle first entered Salt represent wide and careful research Lake City it was only twenty years old giving in detail information that can not be found elsewhere. The beautiful -and thus his was the work of a illustrations illuminate the text, but pioneer in a double sense. Chapter the maps are inadequate and the index XII. in about 17,000 words gives a is not carefully prepared. However, graphic picture of the wnole Mormon these minor matters may be pardoned system, and it is done with a scholar's for this is the first report of an Ecuinsight and an artist's pen. menical council held in the literary THE MOHAMMEDAN WORLD ',OOJJ' TO-DAY: center of the Moslem world and rep- Being papers read at the first Missionary resents the sober judgment and life- Conference on behalf of the Mohammedan long study of those who are fighting the winning battle against the strong- World held at Cairo, April 4-9, 1906. est of the non-Christian faiths. The Edited by S. M. Zwemer, F.R.G.S.; E. book will challenge attention, criticism M. Wherry, D.D., and James L. Barton, (perchance opposition), but its mes- D.D. 8vo. 302 pp., maps and illustra- tions. Fleming H. Revell Co.

This careful survey of the present sage must be heard and will win its condition of the more than two hun- way in Christendom. It is the reply dred millions who profess the religion of missions to the Pan-Islamic moveof Islam in three continents is a re- ment, and will therefore have many markable book. After the array of readers even among those not in symfacts on the social, moral and spiritual pathy with missions to Moslems. The conditions and prospects in every volume has an important message for Moslem land in sixteen chapters by the diplomat and the politician as well experts and veteran workers, the sta- as for the missionary circle,since Islam tistical summaries are given and the is too large a factor to be ignored by book closes with this statement: "The either in their work in the East.

great work to which Christ calls His CONTRASTS IN THE GREAT CAMPAIGN. By church at the beginning of the Twen- Various Writers. 12mo. 204 pp. IS. 6d. tieth Century is the evangelization of Church Missionary Society, London, the Mohammedan world." This state- 1906: ment summarizes the message and the Under a rather obscure title we have purpose of the most important mis- here some exceptionally bright and sionary book of the year. It is a sur- forceful pictures from the great mis- vey, an indictment, a challenge, and a sionary battle-fields of the world.

presentation of sociological facts never These sketches from life by various before published. The chapters are men in the forefront of the fight

at once awaken interest, give reliable enumerates 28 English, 8 Scotch, 3 information and answer the objections Irish, 9 German, 2 Swiss, I French, 3 that the heathen do not need Christ Dutch, 3 Scandinavian, 3 Russian, 4 and that' the Gospel is not making African, 5 Asiatic, I Australian, and headway. Such men as Bishop Ridley 45 American missions working for of Canada and Archdeacon Moule of Israelites. The other papers in the China, could not but write what is report are valuable contributions on worth reading. They give living and methods and results of work for Jews. moving pictures from the mission fields and each one furnishes good WHITE FIRE. By John Oxenham. I2mo. material for a brief missionary talk on the Indians, Hindus, Chinese, Africans 366 pp.. $1.25. American Tract Society, or Japanese who are coming under the New York, 1906. . power of the Gospel. Under the guise of fiction, we find EwA-A TALE OF KOREA. By W. Arthur Noble. I2mO. 354 pp. $1.25. Eaton & here the romantic story of the life and Mains, New York, 1906. adventures of James Chalmers, the Korea is on top in missionary fiction just now. James Gale is followed Greatheart of Ne'w Guinea. The subby Mrs. Underwood and Mr. Noble with good stories well told from dif- ject is full of life and fire, with love, ferent view points. Doctor Gale gave us a novel based on missionary life and adventure and noble self-sacrifice. The work, Mrs. Underwood the story of a boy "Tommy Tompkins" brought up narrative as it is elaborated is not a on foreign soil, and Mr. Noble presents pictures of life from a Korean stand- great work of art but could not fail to point. This makes the book worth while. It gives a sympathetic view of interest young people in the life story Korean customs and points out the native criticisms of foreigners. The of one of the greatest missionaries of basis is truth in characters and incidents, but this story has not the power modern times. This is worth circuof the other two. Its chief value is in its viewpoint rather than in the in- lating in Sunday-school libraries. terest awakened in the narrative. THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF REV. LEWIS GROUT. YEAR BOOK OF THE EVANGELICAL MISSIONS AMONG THE JEWS. Pamphlet. Edited by 8vo. 74 pp. $1.00. Clapp & Jones, Brat- Prof. Herm. L. Strach, D.D. ]. C. Hein- richs'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig, 19Q6. tleboro, Vt., I9Q6. 65c. Rev. Louis Meyer, 22 Solon Place, Chicago. Those Yho try to keep pace only with the modern missionary campaign This is an historical sketch of the may not know the subject of this vol- International Missionary Conference, ume. Lewis Grout, however, did noble with papers in English and German work for thirteen years in the Amerread at the meeting in Amsterdam. ican Board mission among the Zulus. An excellent statistical review of In his Zulu grammar he has left an abiding monument, and this sketch of Jewish missions is added by Rev. his life will be'welcomed by his friends, Louis Meyer. This gives a brief ac- tho it can scarcely be expected to count of the character and extent of awaken general interest. the work carried on for Jews by various missionary societies throughout NEW MISSIONARY BOOKS the world. It is as complete and accurate as great perseverance and care THE PACIFIC ISLANDERS. From Savages to can make it and is the only up-to-date Saints. By various authors. Edited by sketch of Jewish missions. Mr. Meyer Delavan L. Pierson. Illustrated. 12mo. 354 pp. $1.00 net. Funk & Wagnalls Co., 1906.

THE MIKADO'S EMPIRE. By William Elliot Griffis, D.D. Eleventh edition. 2 vols. Illustrated. 8vo. $3.00. Harper & Brothers, 1906.

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The Missionary Review of the World — April 1906

TERMINUS OF THE GREAT SOUTHERN RAILWAY, LA PLAZA CONSTiTUCEON

CJ'he fMissionary Cf(e'lJiew

of the World VOL. XXIX. No. 4 APRIL, I906 VOL. XIX. NO.4 Old &ries New &ries SIGNS OF THE TIMES HUDSON TAYLOR'S STARTLING the Chicago Bible Institute, favors us PROPHECY with a complete history of this pre- diction, which should accompany, in .. BRETHREN, I HAVE A CONVICTION WHICH full, the prophecy itself, in order to I BEl,IEVE IS OF THE l,ORD, THAT, IN THE an intelligent conviction of its value. NEXT TEN YEARS, THERE WIl,l, OCCUR ONE The correspondence will be found in OF THE Bl,OODIEST WARS IN THE WORI,D'S the editorial department. HISTORY. IN THIS WAR RUSSIA WII,l, BE THE l,EADER ON THE ONE SIDE. THE SEN- SIGNAL EVENTS AND SIGNS OF GOD TIMENT OF THE CHRISTIAN NATIONS WIl,l, GENERAl,l,Y BE AGAINST RUSSIA. CONTEM- Turn to whatever quarter we will, PORANEOUS WITH THIS CONFl,ICT, THERE the horizon blazes with signal lights. SHAl,L BURST OUT A REVIVAl, SUCH AS WAS How few are watching them and read- NEVER KNOWN IN THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH, ing their true significance! Is it in- AND WHICH SHAl,l, SPREAD THROUGHOUT deed possible to see their real, Divine THE WORl,D, TURNING MANY UNTO RIGHT- meaning without illumined vision? EOUSNESS. AND, MY BRETHREN, IT IS MORE- Elisha prayed for his servant: "Lord, OVER MY CONVICTION, THAT IMMEDIATELY open his eyes that he may see!" and FOLLOWING THIS MIGHTY OUTPOURING OF immediately that servant became a THE HOLY SPIRIT, THE I,ORD HIMSELF WIl,I, seer. The hitherto invisible guard of COME." angels that encompassed the prophet burst on his clarified vision. God sets These words are so remarkable, that, his signals on the historic horizon, but when printed in the December num- they become signals only to the clear ber of The Institute Tie, at Chicago, eyes of His own watchers.

as having been uttered by J. Hudson Certainly stupendous changes are taking place from sunrise to sunset, Taylor, in China, ten years before, and from pole to pole. Great upheavthey"created not only intense and wide- als, political and social; civil and ecspread interest, but led to careful tracing to their source, to see if they could be relied on as authentic.

Mr. A. P. Fitt, Mr. Moody's sonin-law, and successor in the work at clesiastical revolutions; battles of the tnea's groom, whom the goddess gave ages coming apparently to their hour to Sir Artegal-this Man of Iron, "unof decisive crisis. Do we read the les- movable and resistless without end," sons of history aright? And, if not, "swift as a swallow, and as a lion how shall we meet the duty of the strong," who bore in his hand a huge hour? No man can afford in these iron flail "with which he threshed out days an hour's spiritual sleep or sloth, falsehood and did truth unfold," he for the pace of events is at lightning was meant to represent Power, or the speed. A decade of years now sees Executive of a State. But suppose the changes that a century did not witness iron flail be used as the weapon of in the time of Alfred the Great, or a ignorance and bigotry! Talus, as a thousand years in the days of Abra- blind monster, laying about him with ham. wild fury, and heedless of what he lays low! Yet that is precisely the THE SUNRISE KINGDOM "Yellow Peril" of to-day-conscious energy, misdirected, uncontrolled, and Japan has in fi~ty years come out of furious with fanaticism and revenge. seclusion and hiding as a hennit nation, and taken her place among the THE LAND OF THE HINDUS foremost nations of the world. There has never been any like instance of India is, next to China, the "world" rapid progress. Forty millions of peo- of Asia. Twenty-five years ago Britple made the Chinese empire with four ain boasted of her 253,000,000 of subhundred millions, sue for peace, and jects in the land of the Hindus. How actually made the Russian empire, with long could an island nation of about over one hundred millions, stagger. as many people as Japan hold in sub- There is not a power on earth to-day jection that great Asiatic empire, if that would like to cope with the Sun- India was once roused? Britain is rise Kingdom. And Japan offers the deservedly proud of her great educagrandest opportunity for missions that tional system, in India, and its effectthe Orient supplies. If that nation, iveness in breaking the bonds of anso impressible, could be thoroughly cient superstition. But even idolatry is evangelized and made a missi~nary better than atheism, for atheism is the people, it might become the witness- mother of anarchy. Young Hindu stuing nation of the East, and mold the dents find the light of science making continent of Asia! their past religious beliefs untenable; but what if while they burn their idols THE CELESTIAL EMPIRE they do not find the true God! What if British civilization is only construct- China is awaking and becoming ing a new Frankenstein out of the fragconscious of her gianthood. When a ments of an exploded superstition~an sleeping giant does wake, everything educated community without a soul! depends on how he uses his strength. a monster with muscular strength, pas- It may be turned to constructive or sions of tropical heat, intellectual destructive ends. Which shall it be? acumen-and arming it with the keen- When Spenser pictured Talus, the est weapons of intelligence, but "no Iron Man, in his Faerie Queene, As-

I 906] SIGNS OF THE TIMES

breath of Divinity I" Powerful for 1884, saw sixteen nations represented to erect a new state in the valley of evil, but with no celestial motive, un- the Kongo—is the greatest disgrace of modem civilization, where nameless conscious of moral defect and deform- horrors are forever linked with the rubber trade, and due, not to native ity, because measuring everything by Africans, but to those who undertake their "development 1" Yet in Uganda, a purely mental standard, and, like in that same Dark Continent, there has been a transformation under the Gos- Mrs. Shelley's creation, using its ener- pel's power, that probably has for ra- pidity no rival in mission history. gies to avenge itself on the very power LESSONS IN GOD'S SCHOOL that gave it being. ' Here are a few of the Signs of the THE CRESCENT AND THE GREEN Times, and what do they mean? If FLAG we are not wholly blind ourselves to God's signals, they are a call-a chal- There is Islam. What a significant lenge-to two grand move.ments on factor in the world's annals. It is the part of His people-preaching and nearly thirteen hundred years since pra}'ing. Nothing but the Gospel can the first Hegira, and Mecca is scarce meet the crises of these various peoapproached. Nowhere is the Koran ples-controlling the Talus and indisplaced by the Bible, and the famous spiring the Frankenstein of the Ori- "Eastern question" pivots about the ent; turning Mecca into a Calvary, Saracen. No ruler is so hated as the and the Darkness of Africa into Day. Sultan, yet the whole world stands in We must send more men and women awe of him. Islam still counts its to the front, and we must give more 216,000,000. Its methods are Jesuit- money to furnish the sinews of war. ical for subtlety and secrecy, and rival Fifteen thousand missionaries, even the J anizaries for fanaticism and blind reinforced by five times as many naobedience to authority. There are tive helpers, can not cope with nine signs to the observant, that Islam is hundred millions of heathen. A palgetting ready for a new campaign of try eighteen million dollars can not aggressive warfare. Even now mis- even keep the work where it is, far sionaries that propose a conference as less provide for expansion. We must to work among Moslems, dare not an- not send a little band of workers into nounce publicly the time and place of the midst of foes, sixty thousand times meeting. as mltHY, and even then not keep open the line of communication! REALM OF THE DEATH·SHADE THE CALL TO PRAYER Africa is even yet the "Dark Continent." Exploration has let in light on If God's voice is just now emphasizher interior, but only evangelization ing anything, it is pra)ler. Less than can illumine Africa's moral state. Eu- four years ago, prayer circles began ropean nations are slicing up her territory among them, but it is in the interests of domain and greed-not, alas! for the Gospel's sake. And the Kongo Free State, over which we rejoiced twenty years ago, ·as the great International Conference at Berlin in

to multiply with strange rapidity and .. HAVE YOU CAUGHT THE PRAYER spontaneity. Always in history God PASSION?" has led His own supplicators to unite in definite prayer, when He was ready SO asks a prayer circular, recently to pour out new blessing, and during issued in India, and it is an all-import- these past four years there has been ant question. Of all the helps to a remarkable union for definite bless- world-wide missions, and world-wide ing-namely, a new and universal revival, prayer easily takes prece- Rain of the Spirit. dence and preeminence. Indeed, on that depend all the rest, going, giving, And with what result! In at least preaching, winning souls. This circuforty different widely scattered cen- lar urges frequent prayer, at morning, ters marvelous revivals have kindled, evening, noon; prolonged prayer, free unprecedented in power and results, from hurry and preoccupation; intense in the memory of man. Beginning in prayer, begotten of devout meditation Wales, then the fire began to spread, on poor India's need and the Gospel's not only in various parts of Great power. Britain, but almost simultaneously in fifteen or twenty places in the United That such prayer is the command- States; then conspicuously in India, at ing need of the hour, is plain from the between twenty and thirty points; then fact that, wherever great blessing is in Germany, Sweden, and Norway; coming in India, men are found who at various points in Africa, particular- have given themselves up to prayer ly Uganda, Livingstonia, in the Kon- in a new way. They have been led to go Balolo missions, and in Madagas- see that work-even Christian work, car; in Australia and Tasmania, in may degenerate into machinery, into some parts of China and Korea, etc. routine, and prove a hindrance instead Before these lines reach the reader, of a help to true service. One misthere will be other reports, probably sionary laid aside his studies of the making this list very inadequate. language for twelve months that he might absorb himself in the single In these days of naturalism, God matter of seeking from God both his is offsetting this awful tendency by message and his unction. He gave manifestations too obviously super- himself literally to prayer and Bible natural to allow of any human expla- study, and when, afterward, he turned nation. He is answering doubt by attention to the vernacular, he felt giving new proofs of its unreasonable- himself aided of God to master it ness. If the Church will only pray, with such rapidity as more than made and pray in reality and in faith, these up for a year's delay. In the Punjab, signs will multiply, and these revival prayer has wrought such change in fires will spread, and with resistless en- the lives of disciples, that even those ergy. Obstacles to the Gospel that no who can neither read nor write have power of man could either surmount won souls and taught others how to or remove, will burn up, melt away, pray, and four native pastors have and not only individual hearts yield come to such a new sense of privilege to Christ, but systems of error give in service as to resign all pay for their way before the Advance of Jehovah. preaching!

I906] SIGNS OF THE TIMES

This "prayer passion," thus urgently THE HAYSTACK CENTENNIAL pressed upon the attention of Chris- In 1806, five students at Williamstian workers a year ago, accounts for town, Mass., led by Samuel ]. Mills, the outpourings of blessing since, so meeting for prayer in behalf of misthat as this new year advances, the sions, and privately because of opposisacred flood is descending "in places tion, sought shelter under a haystack almost beyond counting 1" The reports during a thunder storm. That haycome from so many points that we stack is now commemorated by a marcan do no more than mention them: ble monument, but the event has its The Punjab, Belgaum, Neemuch, Sur- grandest memorial in the whole work andai, (Tinnevelly) Meerut, Bellary, of modern missions. On Jan. 23, the Penukonda (Aranlapur) Asansol, Be- A.B.C.F.M. began in fifty cities a nares, Ratnagiri, etc. Four marked campaign in behalf of missions, prifeatures appear: A deep conviction of marily to reach laymen. Dr. Arthur sin, even where the outward life has H. Smith, returned from China for been blameless; prolonged fasting and the purpose, leads the campaign. The intercession, sometimes for hours and exact anniversary is to be kept in even days; prayer meetings of new Williamstown in October. This whole spontaneity and power; multiplied movement should be accompanied by conversion, accompanied with deep prayer. emotion.

HOMAGE TO SATAN FALSE FAITHS AND THE CHRI.ST A poor maniac over in Michigan Dagon (1. Sam. v.) the Philistine has erected a statue of Satan in his God, was represented with a human front yard. He boasts being an infi- head and arms, and a dolphin's, tail.

del and the devil's good friend. Those In his right hand, a fish, head up- who know him are willing to admit ward; in his left, another, head down- that his conduct does not belie the ward. This ingenious emblem signi- character. fied that Aon-the abbreviated name, Some one adds, "We can not under- (Dag-aon-the fish-aon) began his stand the necessity of raising a statue course on land, in the east (the of stone to His Majesty of Hell. He front) figured by the human forehas monuments already everywhere, part; and ended it, in the sea, in the not excepting Detroit. Wherever west (the back) figured by the hind there is a wrecked life, or a blasted part,-the fish tail; that it reaches its hope, Satan has reared his monument. greatest elevation at the right hand The life deeds of no great one are in (south) as implied in the fish directed more evidence than are his. There is upward, and sank below the horizon, no hamlet in Christendom or heathen- at his left, (north) as expressed by dom that is not filled with his repel- the fish turned down. This is a curious lent effigy. A monument to Satan, in- symbolic expression of the 'supposed deed! We would subscribe to a fund universality of this pagan religion.

that would build him a tomb and help Yet, to-day, not a worshiper or temple hasten the day when he will be locked of this great Philistine god remains.

therein for at least a thousand years." But the Christ of God is marching on.

His Cross reaches its arms east and rule, would, of course, be the death- west and points to Heaven while it blow to missions. Nay, more, carried stands on earth. In Him, Heaven and to its logical conclusion, it would jus- earth meet, and from the rising of the tify the extermination of at least one- sun even to the going down of the third of the race, whose present con- same, His name shall be great among ditions, physical, mental, and moral, the nations. All other faiths fade out would perpetuate misery to themselves of human history, but the Gospel of and others, and to mere science pre- the Cross is winning new triumphs, sent an insoluble problem. The Word and before it every Dagon is doomed of God te.aches us that even animal to fall. life begins and ends with a Divine fiat; (Psalm civ.: 29-30) and that human SCIENTIFIC MURDER suffering is disciplinary, and that, as the assayer sits by, and watches the The recent discussions, in the daily metal in the crucible, lest, by a single papers, of the subject of Euthanasia- degree th'e heat exceeds its need, or the legitimacy of quietly administering is by a moment unduly prolonged, God a fatal dose of drugs, to those who watches the souls He purifies by sufare acutely suffering and can not ap- fering. (Mal. iii.: 3.) We can not parently be restored to health,-reveal withhold a solemn protest against this the appalling practical Atheism of the modern and atrocious doctrine. Were age. That it should be calmly argued it otherwise defensible, man, at his that human beings are thus deliber- best, is but a fallible judge of the conately to assume the responsibility of ditions justifying such an act; and to cutting life's mystic thread, when in sanction it by law or custom would be their opinion, consideration for the to put into the hands of the worst patient and those who attend upon and most unprincipled a terrific weathe sick demands it, is an astonishing pon of destruction. It would be improof of how little God is taken into possible to draw safe lines of disaccount as a present God. Life is His crimination, as to when and where gift, and it is His alone to take it. No such euthanasia would be permissible. man can tell when death is inevitable, The awful scepter of life and death nor when the ends of suffering are ac- must be left in Divine hands. complished. If such scientific murder is justifiable, so is suicide when life OPIUM PROHIBITED IN AUSTRALIA becomes intolerable. All the sacred sanctions which invest human life are Altho it means a heavy Ibss in gone, when such a theory is espoused. Practically there is no God-or He is revenue, all the Austmlian Sta:tes have too far off to be of use. Man becomes the victim of blind forces, which are prohibited the sale and growth of fatalistic. Science comes in, to act as the judge, determining when existence opium in their commonwealth. is no more worth the price of prolonging it. Such a theory, if permitted to Queensland alone cuts off an income of $80,000 yearly. This i,s a good ex- ample for vhe mother government to follow in her Indian Empire. .

~47 I

BEACON LIGHTS IN MISSION HISTORY ALEXANDER DUFF BY THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF REV. ALEXANDER DUFF AT THIRTY the commanding personality of his day. But farther back still, he re- This famous Scotchman not only membered how the preaching of ranks among the foremost missionar- Charles Simeon, passing through ies of his own century, but among the Moulin, his birthplace, kindled a reviforemost leaders, not over twenty in val flame that swept over the whole number, who have marched in the neighborhood. Among the converts van of missionary enterprise since the were those who became Duff's pardavs of Paul-such as Zinzendorf and ents, and never ceased to feel the Schwartz, Moffat and Morrison, Liv- sway of the seraphic Simeon's characingstone and Carey, John Villiams ter and words; and under their trainand John Wilson, Hepburn and Ver- ing the young child turned toward a beck, Mackay, of Formosa, and Mac- ministry of mercy and love. Thus kay of Uganda, Scudder and Riggs, the evangelistic ardor of Simeon left Judson and Martyn,-the princes of behind the kindling coals of a misthe Lord's Host. sionary spirit, which were kept glow- ing by the prayers and meditations of Duff was doubly a pioneer-the these young parents on the destitution first missionary of the Church of of a lost world; an example of the Scotland in India; and the leader in minute causes and seeming accidents the higher education of the Brahmans. to which a heroic life of labor may ultimately be traced as a stream to its He traced the inspiration of his mis- spring. sionary career to three notable men; first, Dr. Inglis, Convener of Missions Duff shone conspicuous as a misin the 5cotch Church, who twice pro- sionary orator, educator, organizer, posed to him the foreign field; second, author and editor. As an orator, he Dr. Chalmers, his teacher at Edinburgh, was unique, and will be known through whose great intellectuality and spirit- the ages as the great missionary aduality were fired with marvelous mis- vocate. His addresses were no models sionary fervor, and who was doubtless of graceful and elegant elocution. He had no rules, or, if he had, they could not rule him. He had neither studied the art of the declaimer, nor would 'have been accepted as a model in any school of rhetoric. Oratory has its code of laws, but he broke the whole decalog at once. His ges- tures were irregular, uncouth, spas- modic, awkward, and grotesque. His muscles shared his mental tension, and beCame rigid. He twitched the fore- arm, hitched the shoulder, swung his

long arm around his coat-tails, catch- him, oblivious of notes, in the fascina- ing and holding them up with the tion of his eloquence.

right, leaving the left free to do His mission tour in the United his pounding, this being his pe- States in 1854 is still vividly remem- culiar form of emphasis, or, as has bered by any survivors who heard been playfully said, of expounding him. He swept over the land like a his theme. prairie fire, awakening intense and He was a master of climax. His burning enthusiasm for mIssIons.

long sentences turned like a cork- Tho it was still the primitive pe- screw, boring deeper and deeper at riod of the young republic, when the every new turn and twist, until, as development of new territory absorb- when a cork is withdrawn, feeling ed attention, his addresses widened burst forth in tears, sighs, or shouts the horizon of his hearers, and gave of applause. such impulse to missions abroad as For hours he held his hearers en- has since been imparted by no single tranced and enwrapt, while his words speaker.

flowed as in a torrent of fire, sweeping In Scotland the work he did for everything before them like a volcanic missions in his home visits in 1834 flood. His marvelous memory, both and 1849, and from 1863, when he ready and retentive, was a field mar- was obliged to abandon India alto- shal, arranging facts so that, at his gether, was such as few others have command, they stood up in ranks and ever done. On Indian affairs and regiments to obey his will and capture Christian missions he was a first class the enemy. His brilliant imagination authority, and the service rendered to dared the loftiest flights, while avoid- the home Church was doubtless fully ing absurd and fanciful extremes; as great as to the vast Oriental empire and a contagious enthusiasm impart- beside the Ganges. He shone as an ed to his whole being an indescribable organizer, his immense influence get- glow and warmth which spread to his ting the Scotchmen into line and de- audience as fire kindles fire. veloping praying and giving to new He expended in speaking so vast proportions. But especially was· the an amount of vital force that his ad- effect felt in self-giving and the con- dress~s exhausted him sometimes to secration of family life, so that child- the point of peril; and yet he neither ren were begotten and bred for a roared nor ranted; it was not like missionary career. In his last address the thunder, but like the flash, or a se- before the assembly in r8so, his thrill- ries of flashes, of the lightning. ing appeal was probably without a To take down his speeches was next parallel, before or since.

to impossible: it was like trying to re- As to his methods of preparation, a port a sunset, or a display of aurora friend once confessed himself puzzled splendors, or a shower of meteors, or to understand how such finished and a storm at sea when cyclonic winds artistic oratory was possible in ad- lift mountain waves and heave water- dresses apparently impromptu. Duff spouts. The reporters found them- explained that when he had any par- selves resting upon their elbows, their ticular address in view, he first thor- mouths agape, their eyes fixed on oughly studied and mastered all the

I9<J6] BEACON LIGHTS IN MISSION HISTORY

details of the subject, leaving to the cedars of Lebanon. It was scarcely moment the word-clothing of his three years after he had begun his thoughts. If, however, any parts re- work, before even the native princes quired special care and delicacy in and scholars gave it support and sanc- handling, he carefully went over them tion; and, when the disruption of the in mind, until even the forms of Scotch Church threw his college into expression took definite shape. other hands, identifying himself with His election, on two occasions, to the young Free Church, he started the moderator's chair was one sign anew, organizing on a larger scale his of his hold upon fellow believers in whole work, educational and mission- his native land. No man, since Paul, ary.

has done more to kindle and feed the He was warmly seconded in effort fires of world-wide missions; and as by Macaulay, and Sir Chas. Trevylyan, the result of his expressed wish and who gave as his opinion that the con- will, the property left by him was in- version of India will at last take place vested so as to maintain the "Duff suddenly and at wholesale.

Missionary Lectureship"-since filled "The country will have Christian by Dr. Thomas Smith, Sir Monier instruction infused into it by direct Williams, Dr. Fleming Stevenson, Dr. missionary education, and induced by Marshall Lang, Dr. Stewart, and oth- books of various kinds and in ers, including the writer. all the conceivable ways in which As a man, Duff blended the fervor knowledge is communicated. Then of Simeon, the fearlessness of Knox, at last, when society is completely sat- the force of Chalmers, and the fire of urated with the knowledge, they will Erskine. come over by thousands. The plan As an educator, he struck out a pio- is like undermining a fortress pre- neer path. He found many native paring for a collapse."

Hindus open to instruction, and his Bishop Cotton, of Calcutta, in his aim was, first, to undermine their su- Metropolitan charge, says: perstitions by showing them how un- "It was the special glory of Alexan- tenable and unscientific was the der Duff that, arriving in the midst teaching inseparable from their re- of a great intellectual movement, of ligion; and, then, to lead them to a completely atheistical character, he adopt Christianity as a substitute for at once resolved to make that charac- their abandoned faith. He was, there- ter Christian. When the new genera- fore, not a teacher of purely religious tion of Bengalese,-and too many, truth alone, but used the science and alas! of their European friends and learning of the Occident as a forerun- teachers,-were talking of Christian- ner to prepare the way for the Gos- ity as an obsolete superstition, Duff pel. suddenly burst upon the scene with New methods, like new coin, are his unhesitating faith, his indomita- handled with suspicion; and he had ble energy, his varied erudition, and to meet not only misrepresentation, his never-failing stream of fervid elo- but antagonism; but the storm of op- quence, to teach them that the Gospel position only rooted the young plant was not dead or sleeping, not the ally more firmly, as fierce winds do the of ignorance or error, not ashamed or

unable to vindicate its claims to uni- trial on the way to the field. Even versal reverence, but that, then, as al- the winds and waves seemed against ways, it was marching forward in the them. They were twice wrecked; van of civilization, and that the Church once near Africa, and once near In- of it was still the Light of the World." dia, and it is significant that, while It is certain that the work which he lost his library, he saved his Bible.

he did in India can never be undone On disembarking, he took refuge in unless those whom he left behind are a village temple with only this Bible faithless to his example. and Psalm book, and so began his He was another Peter, the Her- work.

mit, trumpeting forth the signal of a When he proposed his school in Cal- new crusade, both urging and leading cutta, no one among his advisers, but God's people onward in a more heroic Carey, openly approved; and yet he campaign. During a whole generation persisted. He got his inspiration to he carried the assault against the cita- a missionary life partly, no doubt, del of idolatry and superstition in In- from the Students' Society formed dia, not only instituting new methods at St. Andrews as early as 1824-25, of education, but founding missions, which did for him somewhat what the and not in India only, but in Syria and Haystack Meetings at Williams Col- the New Hebrides; moving hundreds lege did for Mills and Judson and to give themselves as missionaries, and their little band; or the meetings at thousands to give, who could not go. Lincoln College, three-quarters of a Much of the influence of Chalmers century before for the Wesleys and reappears in Duff's career. As early Whitefield, the "Holy Club."

as 1812, before the Dundee Mission- Here is anqther pregnant lesson. It ary Society, his great teacher had is always worth while for even a few held up the Word of God and the who are like-minded, to get together Messenger of Christ as God's double for joint prayer and spiritual culture.

method for spreading the Gospel; and The promise is to "two or three,"- two years after, before the Scottish the smallest possible company. The Propagation Society, had given simi- only condition is "gathered together lar testimony to the value of missions. in My Name," and then the divine Duff had heard Chalmers and the im- promise is "there am I, in the midst pression which could never be effac- of them." There is always a Third ed, was deepened by closer contact Person present, even with two thus with him as a professor in the univer- meeting. All the greatest spiritual ~ity, and as a personal friend and coun- movements have had small begin- sellor. When Duff first gave himself nings! The power of the "Holy Club"

to the ministry, at about the age of and of the "Haystack Meeting" is to- 21, he had not determined to go day not spent, but more pervasive abroad. The death of John Urquhart, than ever. The "Student Volunteer"

in 1828, his school-fellow and friend, movement started with half a dozen brought him to the crisis of decision. in Cambridge in 1884, and with about He married Miss Annie Scott Drys- a score in Mt. Hermon in 1886, yet dale, who proved a great blessing and to-day it is belting the globe 1 help. Like many others, they met Dr. Duff's work as an author was

BEACON LIGHTS IN MISSION

mostly limited by his great life work; in the knowledge of mlSSlOns, and he wrote, however, not only on mis- stimulate their prayers and gifts.

sions, but on germane themes, such as As Convener of the Foreign Mis- the Jesuits, the Indian Rebellion, etc., sions Committee he was the heart of and The Calcutta Review was main- all the mission work of the Free ly established through his editorial Church. During the fourteen years he work. occupied that post, he enlarged all the His life story is easily outlined. Church activities, especially in Africa, Born at Pitlockry, in Perthshire, in and established missions already in 1806, he died in 1878, at 72. His uni- operation.

versity course at St. Andrews was He set before him three objects: such that he was often referred to as I. To 'organize a missionary insti- its most illustrious student. His mis- tution for practical training of candi- sionary career, begun at the age of dates.

23, fills the rest of his life~nearIy 2. A Quarterly Review, to furnish forty-nine }'ears. In fact, Duff gave reliable missionary information.

a half century to missions; for, fifty 3· A professorship of evangelical years before his death, his decision and evangelistic theology. in favor of the mission field had Ten thou~andpounds were prompt- reached its crisis; and, although. he ly raised for the new chair, and he finally returned to England in 1863, was unanimously elected to fill it, and the last sixteen years were as truly notwithstanding all his other duties, and effectively given to the, work of he could not decline, tho he would missions as those spent on the field. not use the salary, except to establish For convenience sake we may divide the missionary institute he hoped to his life into three periods: found.

I. The Preparatory. 1806-1829. When, in 1843, at the disruption of 2. The Actual Work Abroad. 1829- the Scotch Church, the missionaries 1863. had to range themselves on one side 3· The Church-Educating and Or- or the other, he cast in his lot with ganizing Period. 1863-1878. the Free Church, tho this involved God only knows which of the two the surrender to other hands of all latter had the most important and the work he had so grandly begun in permanent bearing on missions. The India. But, entirely undiscouraged last fifteen years, he, like Elisha, was and undaunted, he undertook, as has casting in salt at the fountain, purify- been said, to start anew, and carried ing the mission stream at its source, his educational work to a greater suc- and turning many little rills of prayer, cess than ever before. He might have sympathy and benevolence into one contended, that, as the work was of great and deepening bed of mission- his own planting and nourishing, it ary interest and activity. God first should remain under his control; but prepared him to go to India-then with the spirit of Isaac, at the wells made him a mighty power for build- for which others strove, he did not ing up a great educational' system press his rights, but magnaminously there; and finally sent him home, to surrendered all claims in the spirit of train the Christians of his own land a peace-maker. But the Lord did not

suffer his work to decline in conse- culty had been tunneled through, and quence, and the result was, as in the Valley of Humiliation had been Isaac's case, only another and deeper leveled up; and, between the towns- well of learning, digged in India's men of Vanity Fair and the pilgrims, soil. there was now a very good under- standing and considerable traffic. Duff was smgularly open to the ap- peal of facts, and oppressed with a The silver mine of Demas also was worked by the pilgrims to great ad- DR. ALEXANDl£R DlJ,to'F AT 8JiiVENTY vantage; and Doubting Castle was quite an airy-looking edifice, built in world's destitution. The needs of India the most modern style. There was -a little world itself-grew on his even a steam ferry-boat over the mind and heart. He thought, for in- bridgeless river, to which, however, stance, of her 13°,060,000 women and there was this one drawback-that no girls. To give each a Bible at the rate one knew whether it ever reached of 24,000 a day, or 1,000 an hour, day the city on the other side or not; for and night-I6 a minute-would take at that moment the dreamer awoke nearly sixteen years! and had, therefore, no more to relate."

Duff lived in an age more fitted to One of the greatest obstacles to all develop great missionaries. Haw- true missionary consecration is the thorne, in his new dream of the Pil- fact that we are living in an age of grim's Progress-his Celestial Rail- worldliness. The secular spirit in the road-satirically writes; "He found, Church has almost stifled the simplicon visiting the City of Destruction, in ity of primitive days. The days of a dream, that there was now a rail- Duff-more than half a century ago, road between that place and the celes- were much more primitive than our tial city, so that a pilgrim's progress own-the habits of the average disciwas by no means the stern experience ple far more frugal. A household lived it used to be. on what it now takes to keep one sin- gle man or woman. Scotch families of The Slough of Despond was con- a dozen sometimes lived in comfort on verted into firm ground. There was less than 1200 a year, and out no need of- any stopping at the House of such families came educated men of the Interpreter. The Hill Diffi- and women. Church buildings then were plain, inexpensive, and the min- isters lived among the common folk, with modest manses and glebes-culti- vating the soil to eke out a subsistence, and the churches had no costly choirs or organs, garniture or furniture, and no ungodly "trustees" cursed the house of God by nourishing a secular spirit.

Still worse, this age is one of doubt and of its bold proclamation by so-called preachers and teach-

LIGHTS IN MISSION HISTORY

ers-an age of rationalism, with a Lord Jesus." There is the process of determined effort to eliminate the dying. This means that, in everything supernatural from the Word of God, in which the will of God crosses my and from the life of the saint; an will, I say "Thy' will be done." Our age of prayerlessness, when the spir- Lord was "crucified through weak- itual energy is taken out of suppli- ness," i. e.) in consequence of weak- cation by the doctrine of the reign of ness-crucified in consequence of his immutable natural laws, a fixed order voluntary consent to be weak, help- in the universe of morals as well as less, unresisting. Weare to abandon matter; an age of unrest, when even all self-will, and be meek and quiet disciples consider it legitimate to be to the point of absolute unresisting- absorbed like the world in ceaseless ness, before the will of God. If we pursuit of the baubles of ambition and die daily, i. e., daily accept anew this avarice and the pleasures of appetite; humiliating death process, with all its an age of selfishness, when loud-voiced painfulness, the life of Jesus will daily indulgence prevails,and benevolence is be made manifest in our mortal flesh, crowded into the background, or stifled and more and more manifest. This by habits of self-seeking and pleasing; dying is daily-never wholly complet- an age of formality, when ritualism is ed, so that we are dead-because the endangering all true heart religion, self-life is so subtle, manifold, and substituting a gilded and spectacular evasive, that it constantly reappears- .ceremonial for heart piety and pure is never eliminated. All its forms worship. need rebuke and destruction. But as How can such an age develop he- we cut off one form, others seem to roic missionaries like Duff! When spring up, as .by magic. The fact is, the appeals of such are heard, as now however, that we are only getting and then, like stray meteors, they more discerning and clear-eyed to de- flash across our firmament, the effect tect the self-life. Some of its forms is almost as transient and evanescent are so subtle that they escape us- as a meteoric flash itself. We must some of them assume such disguises go back to some such church life as that we actually mistake vice for vir- prevailed in the generation past, or, tue. It is a long-a life-long struggle best of all, in apostlic days, if we are -before the life of self-abnegation is to have more such men as Burns, made to be manifest in our mortal Dowen, and Brainerd, Payson, Mc- flesh.

Cheyne, and Muller-no two of whom The power of passion for souls is, were alike, yet in different spheres left after all, the indispensable impulse of on the world a mighty and lasting im- a missionary career. When Duff real- pression. ized that he was saved, he at once We all need to learn a lesson which realized that he was saved to save, and Duff learned early, that we must die besought God to take him and make to self if we are to live to God. Paul him a blessing. And only some such said, "[ die daily'!-"always bearing mighty passion for souls will make about in the body the dying of the other missionaries of Duff's type!

UNBAPTIZED VOLUNTEER MISSIONARY

OF HIS WORK AND ITS RESULT .

BY THE REV. JACOB CHAMBERLAIN, M.D., D.D., COONOOR, INDIA In the cool season of 1861-2 my As- I pressed the claims of Jesus Christ sistant Catechist at Palmaner, which as such a Redeemer upon his imme- was then my station, came to me, say- diate attention. He seemed much af- ing that a cousin of his, not a Chris- fected, and readily promised to call tian, was passing through the place and have another conversation on his on a business trip for the purchase return from his expedition, and left, of plowing oxen, and had stopped to taking with him the Gospel of John see him and asked if he might bring and some practical Christian tracts, him to see me, and if I would like to read in his evenings and his leito talk with him. He soon came with sure hours while gone. him, and we had a long and earnest talk as they sat together on a rug at Ten days later, returning with six the end of my study table. or eight yoke of plow-bullocks., he spent a night at Palmaner, and came The cousin's name was Kornapati to see me, himself reopening our con- Souri. He was a young ryot, or versation about the Divine Redeemer. farmer, living in a village near Mad- We talked long and earnestly into the ras City. He had attended a school night, and when, after a prayer with among the Roman Catholics near his and for him, he took his leave, intendnative village, obtaining a good pri- ing to drive on his purchased bullocks mary education, and was the leading in the early morning, he gave me a man among the cultivators of his vil- promise with tears in his eyes, that lage, and the one always selected on he would try and find that Redeemer account of his education, intelligence, as his own, and I felt sure that he and probity, to conduct any case of meant what he said, for he seemed theirs before government officials, or like Nathaniel to be "one in whom in suits in the courts; and they had there was no guile." now united in sending him up to the Zemindary, or Native Kingdom, of A couple of months later he came Punganur, just beyond Palmaner, to up again to purchase more bullocks, purchase oxen for them all for the and came directly to see me. As he coming season's work, they agreeing came into my study and took his to do all his farm work in his absence. seat on the rug, his countenance fairly beamed, as he said, "I have found I was much drawn toward him. Jesus Christ as my own Redeemer, He seemed honest, so genuine and He has taken away all my sins, and sincere. He had learned considerable I am His." It was a jrJy now to ta)k elementary Christian truth from the with him of his new-found Savior, Roman' Catholics" and as I earnestly that Redeemer who was so precious to talked with him, he acknowledged his us both. "And now," I said to him, personal need of a Divine Redeemer "what are you going to do for that who could and would actually take dear Savior who has done so much away his sins. for you?" "I," said he, "what can I do for and bargaining for the bullocks offer- Him ?" "You can make Him known ed me; and often the people from to others, and get them also to accept other houses would come where I was Him," said 1. "How can I do that?" spending the night, and sit and listen said he. "I am not a catechist, nor a until it was very late, as I read from preacher. I am only an uneducated the books that brought me to Jesus; young farmer. I could not preach. I and, in the morning before I wo'uld do not see what I can do." start on to another village, some of them would come and ask me ques- "Well," said I, "you are going to tions about what I had read the night be out a fortnight in the Zemindary before. I wish I knew more about of Punganur, going from village to the Bible and better how to answer village purchasing cattle. You can their questions, for I do want them not talk cattle all day and all night; to know and love my Savior. May I you will have to stop somewhere to take some of these books with me t6 get your dinner, and when night my village so as to study them more comes, you will have to stop in some and have them to show and read to one's house for the night; and, while people wherever I go?" you are thus stopping in the houses of those who have never heard of "By all means," said 1. "Fill your your Redeemer, can you not tell them wallet, and noLonly read them to peoabout Him and about the joy and ple, but give a copy to any that want peace that you have found in com- one, and will promise to read it." mitting yourself entirely into His hands? I will give you some more He filled his wallet which he carof the Gospels and some tracts that ried at his side slung over his shoulhelp explain them, and you can read der, and went away driving his oxen them to the people and tell them all before him on the way to his village about that blessed Redeemer, can you a hundred miles east. not? Is it right for you, is it fair to Him, for you to do less than that?" I did not hear from him nor of him for several months, and then as "No sir, it is not. I'll do it, and I was wishing to open a little primary do all I can in each house where I school at Palmaner, I called his coushave a meal or spend the night." in, my assistant catechist, and asked him to write to him, and inquire if I gave him the promised books and he would leave his farming and come told him that I would be praying for to me as teacher of the primary school, him, that God would give him wis- and spend his spare time in studying dom, and courage, and faith to do the Bible and pursuing his education, all he could for his new-found Jesus, in which I would be glad to help him. and he took his leave and went on his journey. He came up at once to see me. He had a wife and one little son. His When he came back with his pur- wife fully sympathized with his new chase of oxen, he came right to my found joy and faith. I could offer study and said with evident gladness, him, as teacher of the little school, only "I have done it. I have read these eight rupees per month at first (then books in many houses, and talked equivalent to four dollars). But he evenings after my day's examining said that with economy they could

live upon that, and he wanted very now asked that he might be, before he much to obtain more education and entered upon his duties as teacher; have a chance to study the whole and, after his family came in. May, Bible. So he brought up his wife and 1862, he was baptized, himself asking child, and became our school-teacher. that the name of the Evangelist John, I asked him where he had been dur- by whose Gospel he had been brought ing the intervening months. He said to accept Jesus Christ as his Savior, that in his village they had wanted might he given to him, and he was some heavier, stronger oxen than he baptized as John Souri, and he and had found for sale in our direction, so his wife were received into the little the village people had put together newly formed church at Palmaner.

several hundred rupees and asked him He took hold of his duties as teacher to go a long way north where such of the little primary school with zeal cattle were to be had, and buy oxen and devotion, and out of school hours for them which they could use for he was diligent in his study of the cart-oxen as well as for plowing. He whole Word of God, and of such sec- had tied the rupees'in two long belt ular subjects as would better fit him bags around his waist under his for a mission helper, and his conduct clothing, and walked all the long way was that of a mature and zealous up to the Bezwada Taluq (country), Christian.

250 miles north from Madras, where The next year in June I was mak- he had heard that the kind of oxen ing arrangements for a long preaching they wanted were to be had at a rea- and Bible distributing tour up through sonable price, and, there in the town the Dominions of Nizam of Hydera- of Raghavapur and its surrounding bad, through a region up to that time villages, he had been able, in the never visited by a missionary, and of course of two weeks or so, to purchase whose inhabitants little was known.

all the oxen he desired, and with the It would be so long and arduous and aid of coolies he hired, had driven perhaps dangerous a trip, that I did them down through the back country n~t feel justified in ordering any par- to his own village without any mis- ticular native assistants to accompany hap. me, but called for four volunteers. He He told me that he had there pur- at once begged to be allowed to be sued the same course as in his second one of the four, and he had so won expedition near Palmaner, reading my esteem that I willingly accepted the Gospels and tracts each evening him, and nobly did he merit the con- to the people in whatever village he fidence I had put in him. The trip passed the night, and that the people was not without its hardships and not.

about Raghavapur had listened more without its dangers, but his courage closely and asked more interested never failed and he was never weary questions than the people near Pal- of surmounting hardships.

maner. He seemed very happy over If the carts with our boxes of Scrip- the seed he had been enabled to sow tures and books and equipage became on that trip, and said he often prayed stuck in the mire, it was he, with his that it might spring up and bear fruit. farmer's experience, and his knowl- He had not yet been baptized, but edge of the management of oxen, who

UNBAPTIZED VOLUNTEER

would strip off his preacher's coat and .at Bezwada, to give an account of a go in and get them out, and when in wonderful ingathering which had the north of Hyderabad, north of taken place a few years before in the Warangal, we came to a place in the region some little distance west of dense teak forests where we were told Bezwada.

that the previous week one of the I had heard him give this account drivers of carts that were endeavoring in the American Lutheran Mission to go through the jungle by that nar- Church at Rajahmandry, at a mission- row cart track, had been taken off by ary meeting in connection with our a tiger, he jumped on to the pole of Bible Revision Committee's previous the first cart, and taking the whip and session at fhat place, and it had so the driving ropes, fearlessly drove it, impressed us all that I had asked him with the others following, through the to repeat it in our church when we forest, out into the next clearing. He should meet at Madanapalle.

was one of the four assistants who Mr. Darling had, at Rajahmandry, were with me on that pivotal day told us how, some years previously, when, in the most desperate circum- some men had appeared at his house stances, we received that marvelous at Bezwada one day asking if he were answer to prayer which saved us as the man who knew about and told recorded in the first chapter of the lit- about the Divine Redeemer Yesu Kris- tle book "In The Tiger Jungle." All tu; and begging him, if so, to come the way through and around home with them to their village some twen- after a tour of 145 days, he was my ty or thirty miles west, for they all mainstay in all difficulties, nor did he wanted to learn more about Him, and quail when he saw the angry mob in join His religion. They brought with one town gather up stones to stone us. them a copy of the Gospel of John to Once, indeed, he succumbed to the show what they wanted. Although sun and jungle fever so that I had it was the hot season and not suitable to have him tied up in a blanket to for touring, they were so earnest that a long bamboo and carried one stage he could not refuse them, but took by coolies, but God spared him to me his tent and went with them at once.

and he reached his home again safely, He told us that, to his utter surprise, and after some months recovered from he found a score or two of heads of the jungle fever he had brought back families who knew a great deal about with him, and went with me to es- Christianity, and, on inquiry, learned tablish our new station at Madana- that some years before, in April, 1862, palle, where he was one of my most (as near as he could make out), a efficient and tireless touring and young man from far to the south had preaching assistants, having zealously come there, and had brought a lot of pushed on his studies all the time. these books, which he had read and Some years passed by. In August, explained to them evenings, while 1873, the Telugu Bible Revision Com- spending his days buying oxen in all mittee met at Madanapalle. On· our the villages around, and that they had "Missionary Sunday" I had asked one been ever since trying to find some of the committee, the Rev. Thomas one who' could tell them more about Y. Darling, the C. M. S. Missionary this "new way of getting rid of sin"

through the help of this Divine Re- with some of our people who seemed deemer, Yesu Kristu, whom that so intensely interested.

young man had taught them to love, After some little time, coming di- and to pray to. rectly into my study, he caught my Mr. Darling told us that he remain- hand in his own, all trembling with ed with them for many days and in- joyous excitement, saying, "Rejoice structed them, and that, before he left with me! I have found him. This is them, he baptized between twenty and one of the happiest days of my life. I thirty heads of families and many have found my man that I have been more were nearly ready for baptism. so long hunting for! It is your as- They could not tell him who that cat- sistant, John Souri." "How do you tle buyer was, nor how to find him, know?" said 1. "I stopped," said he, for they had themselves in vain tried "to answer some questions which the to find him and ask him to come back others asked about the story I had and tell them more about this won- told, and soon your catechist, John derful Savior, but had not succeeded Souri, asked in a very modest way: in tracing him, and that now, having 'When was it that that young man casually learned that he, Mr. Darling, was in those villages buying oxen?'

knew and told people about the same I told him that it was, as near as I Yesu K ristu, they had journeyed to could make it out, about April, r862.

him and asked him to come and in- 'And what were the names of the vil- struct them. lages ?' I told him and added, 'why, Mr. Darling said, .the work in that do you know anything about it?' 'I region had steadily gone on until it think I do, for I spent a fortnight in was one of the best developed mission villages of these names in that Taluq stations and congregations in their in March or April in r862, and each mission, and that, all these years he evening I gathered all the people I had been trying in vain to find some could, and told them what a Savior I clue to the man who had in such a had found, and read to them from the peculiar way started this movement Gospels, and explained them as well which was still spreading, or to find as I could, and when I came away I from what mission he had come, and gave them a number of Gospels -and was still hoping that, at some time tracts to read after I had gone, so and in some way, he might find him that they would not forget, but I never and let him know about the fruit of knew that any of those people had be- his volunteer work for Christ. – come Christians.'

This was in brief the story that "I grasped his hand," continued Mr. Darling had told at Rajahman- Mr. Darling, "and said, thank God, I dry, and which at my request, he re- have at last found the man I have peated at Madanapalle, as an incen- so long been seeking for, and thank tive to our people to do similar work Him still more for the fruit that He whenever opportunity occurred. has caused to spring up and grow and As soon as the service closed, the ripen from the seed which you then rest of us walked up to our bunga- sowed.' He seemed much affected, low, which was not far off, while Mr. and the tears stood in his eyes as he Darling waited to have a little talk said, 'I tried to sow the good seed,

r9Q6] THE UNBAPTIZED VOLUNTEER

but had no idea that God would so Rev. John Souri, and became co-pas- use it.' Did you know this before?" tor of the MadanapaIIe church, hav- said Mr. Darling to me. I replied, "I ing charge of the village congrega- knew that he had been up to that tions, scattered through that Taluq, Taluq purchasing oxen at that time, of many of which he had been the for it was just after that he came to chief means of their coming over to me and was baptil;ed, and told me that Christianity. He fulfilled a very he had, while on that trip, fulfilled his fruitful and blessed ministry until previous promise to me and told the December, I902, when he was pro- people evenings what a Savior he had moted to higher service in the immedi-· found, and read to them from the Gos- ate presen<:e of the King. Many pelsT had put in his hands, but I. had scores or hundreds of redeemed souls forgotten the names ·of the.· villages; will meet or have met him in glory, and, when I heard your story in Ra- telling him that he was under Gad, jahmandry it did not occur to me the means of their being there. But that these might be the same villages. no period of his ministry on earth But I thank God for this indication of was more fruitful or did more for the how His word 'does not return unto salvation of the Telugus, than the Him void,' but does, even now, 'accom- fortnight he passed buying oxen and plish that which He pleases.' " . reading and teaching the Gospels in A few years later, after further that northern Taluq in 1862, when he study and manifesting eminent fitness, was an as yet "unbaptized volunteer he was ordained to the ministry as missionary worker."

May we not add, that nothing helps training as a civil engineer that made any coworker with God to find his him the needful man in the famine of place, more surely than believing 1877; Dr. Gamewell's knowledge of prayer, coupled with complete self- military engineering that thrust him surrender. to the front in the siege of Peking by the Boxers; and hundreds of like ex- One of the "seven wonders" of mis- amples show that what is most needed sion history is the preadaptation of is to believe that God has for every workers to their wor.k-undiscovered believer a foreordained work and, if by themselves, until their new environ- trusted and obeyed, will, in His own ment developed or revealed it. Wil- time and way, bring the work and the liam Carey's boyish passion for workman together. (Ephesians ii. :10. ) strange tongues, John Williams' train- "For we are His workmanship, creing in ironmongery; Verbeck's unique ated in Christ Jesus unto good works, and manysided preparation for the which Goel hath before ordained that developing the new Japan; Judson's we should walk in them." unconscious discipline for laying foundations in Burmah; John E. Clough's

2.60

:lEW WATER BOUSE, ARG11:NTfNA ARGENTINE PROGRESS ny REV. A. MURRAY MILNE, OF BUENOS AYRES, ARGENTINA The object of this paper is to pre- tinent, and has one of the finest clisent some of the more prominent fea- mates in the world. It has an estimattures of development in Argentina, as ed area of 1,212,986 square miles, and witnessed by the writer during the last a popUlation of 5,160,986. Next to forty years, from three different stand- Brazil with its 3,218,166 square miles, points,-the material, intellectual, and and its population of about 17,000,000, religious. it is the largest and most populous country in South America. That more information concerning Argentina is needful in the United A very large proportion of it con- States, no less than in England, is seen sists of vast plains of rich alluvial in various ways. For instance, hardly land that extended from the east up to does a mail from the United States or the foot of the Cordilleras, which, like England reach us, that does not bring a gigantic wall from one to four miles some correspondence, addressed some- high, divide it in its whole extent on thing like a letter just to hand, posted the west from Chile. Not far from at Washington, Oct. 20, 1904-"Rev. the boundary, about two degrees north – – – Buenos Ayres, Brazil;" and from the parallel of Buenos Ayres, is this is from an International Bureau. situated Mount Aconcagua, which rises to an elevation 23,910 feet. It Area should be noted that this is the high- est mountain in the Western Hemis- Argentina is situated in the extrem- phere and is distinctly in Argentina, ity of South America, and, lying alto- not in Chile, as it is usually given in gether within the temperate zone, oc- English and American books. cupies the choicest portion of the con-

ARGENTINE

While at some points the spurs of tural machinery from the United the Andes extend a long way toward States and England has been largely the Atlantic coast, it is nevertheless imported for years, and the demand is true that the great mass of Argentina rapidly increasing. Forty years ago is flat. Thus the great transcontinen- . our bread was made from flour im- tal railroad which will very soon con- ported from the United States and nect Buenos Ayres with Valparaiso on Chile, as late as 1875 no less than 21,- the Pacific coast, runs all the way to 620 tons of grain having been import- Mendoza, a distance of six hundred ed. Last year the export of grain miles, almost without a curve, and from Argentina was 4,378,000 tons. without a single tunnel. The exportation of frozen meat was commenced about twenty years ago As late as thirty years ago some and is being greatly developed. In 120,000 square miles of these Pam- 1898, 5,867 tons of beef and 59,834 pas were occupied by perhaps 50,000 tons of mutton were exported. In Indians, nearly all of whom have been 1903 the figures were 85,520 and 78,- exterminated. In the extreme north 149 tons. Forty years ago the com- of the republic, between the rivers merce of Argentina was $49,000,000.

Bermejo and Pilcomayo, a few thous- In 1903 it was $352,000,000. In 1863 and remain, but in the Pampas there the number of immigrants that landed are none, and in Patagonia and Tier- at Buenos Ayres was 10,000; in 1903 ra del Fuego there are not to be found over 120,000 came to our shores.

more than 2,000, and these respect- In 1864, when Argentina had but ively represent three distinct tribes. 61 miles of railroad open to traffic, the and languages. It is not improbable produce of the country had to be that fleeing from annihilation some brought to market, and merchandise of them crossed the Cordilleras and conveyed to the interior, by trains of joined the Araucanians in Chile, where immense bullock carts. To-day Ar- the aborigines are treated more hu- gentina has about 12,000 miles of rail- manely. In Argentina their lands road with a rolling stock of about 50,- have been given away to government 000 cars of all classes, while the ag- officials, or sold to the public at about gregate capital invested exceeds five five per cent. of the price they would hundred and sixty million dollars.

yield to-day. Forty years ago there were but At that time land could be stocked three steamers a month that called at with horses and cattle at four and Buenos Ayres, and owing to the shal- six dollars a head. Little attention low water, these had to discharge and was given to breeding, the most val- load some ten or twelve miles from uable part of the animal being its land. Passengers were disembarked hide. To-day stock-raising is con- on large whale-boats, and often had sidered of the utmost importance, the to be transferred to row-boats, and very finest of the prize cattle from when the water happened to be very Scotland and England being imported low, they were conveyed by carts. To- for breeding. Only a few days ago day we have more than seventy regu- one of these imported animals was lar steamers from foreign ports, rep- sold at auction in this city for $16,000 resenting more than twenty different U. S. gold. The very latest agricul- lines.

Over 1,500 acres of land have been miles and is said to be the best in the reclaimed from the river Plate and world. large docks built at a cost of thirtysix million dollars gold, but even Comparing the increase in cultithese are not commodious enough to vated area from the years 1860 to meet the increasing demand, and it 1900, with that of other countries:* has been detennined to invest ten mil- ,ion more in enlargement. ——~I~~!~ Argentina………. I. '3.5 7. 16.8 In most parts well-water is brackish and unfit for drinking. Until some Australia….. .. …. 1. 3.3 4.7 12.2 thirty years ago the water-supply for the city of Buenos Ayres with its 200,- United States….. .. I. 1. 8 2.2 4.4 000 inhabitants, depended mainly on rain-water, collected from the roofs Canada ……•… ,.. 1. 1.3 1.6 37 of the houses into large underground cisterns, called aljibes, supplemented Brazil….. …. …. . . I, 2. 2. 3. by river-water distributed from door to door by water-carts. Some years Argelia ……. ,….. 1. 1.2 1.3 1.3 later, when part of the city was sup- Egypt……. . .. … . I. 1.3 1.5 plied with pipe-water, the pressure to 1,3 convey it to the houses was furnished by a water-tank in Plaza Lorea; this, E urope. ".. ….. … I. 1.16 1.18 1.24 of course, has now disappeared since the building of the new water-house The Argentine harvest in wheat about ten years ago. and linseed compared with other coun- tries in million hectoliters: The street-car service of Buenos Ayres covers about three hundred Wluat. Linseed COUNTR.IES. 1888 IB96 1900 1&j7 1899 —– – —- Europe …….. 485.6 548.5 . 536·5 II. 7·3 155. 2 189 7 United States .. 160.6 56.5 4· 7·3 74. 9 36 7 3. 2 I 4·4 India …… …. . 9"9 IS 3 Argentina .. … _ 8. 18.2 .2…5. II·3…2· 94 Australia … . .. 9· 14·9 .6. .07 .13 Canada. . . ….. . 13.1 8·7 8.3 6·5 Argelia.. . … . .. 8.4 7·3 23.6 7·9 5·5 ~!':~ : ::::::::I 3. 6 4·4 5. .13 .07 4·4 E~Pt ….. ….. 6.5 4·4 Chlle …. ……. 5 8 PEDDLING WATBR IN ARGENTINA.

• Copied froUl 77u Standard, Buenos Ayrel, March 5, 19"30

ARGENTINE

The accompanying diagram is cop- Education in the government insti- ied from the Official Bulletin of Ar- tutions is free and primary instruction gentine Demography: is compulsory between the ages of six Intellectual Progress and fourteen. Religion is forbidden Where there is material progress, it in the public schools, but it may be is obvious, and appeals to all even taught to children whose parents de- when but moderate; much more does sire it, on Saturdays by Roman Cath- it arrest attention when it has been olic priests or by Protestant ministers extraordinary, as has been the case in of the Gospel.

Argentina. Intellectual progress on During the last twenty years the the other hand is occult and not easy number of public schools has been to tabulate. Nevertheless there is no doubled and the number of children lack of data from which legitimate de- attending them tripled. A course of ductions may he drawn to illustrate five years in the national college pre- 1he intellectual advancement of Ar- pares for. the university of BueilOs gentina. Ayres, Cordoba, or La Plate, in either The postal communication per hun- of which a further course of se~en dred inhabitants is to-day ten times years is necessary for a degree as doc- what it was forty years ago. Up to tor in medicine, and six years for doc- 186g, when public instruction was tor in law. There are shorter courses largely in the hands of the Roman for some branches, but to graduate as Catholic clergy, only twenty-one per doctor in natural or exact science an cent. of the adult male population extended course is required. Facili- could read; to-day the average is thir- ties for technical education are espe- ty-eight per cent. Just here it is inter- cially advanced throughout the coun- esting to note the reflex influence of try.* the United States on this country. Religious Progress Our great educationalist and statesman, Ex-President Sarmiento, elected In all lands where Roman Catholiwhile Resident Minister at Washing- cism is the official religion and left unton, familiarized himself with the confronted by the preaching of the United States system of public instruc- Gospel, morals are lax; this, at least, tion, and was so captivated by it that is true of all the countries of South when he returned to take up the Ad- America. ministration (1868-1874) he adopted the American system bodily. He es- Protestant preaching in Argentina tablished normal colleges and high dates back to 1820, since which time schools in all the provincial capitals it has been maintained with little or and equipped the former with selected no interruption. Forty years ag~ teachers from the United States. there were in this country half a dozen ministers of the Gospel,-two Metho- As late as twenty years ago the dists, two Scotch Presbyterians, one ratio of children at school did not ex- Anglican, and one German Lutheran. ceed four and a half per cent. of the They were foreign pastors of foreign population; seventeen years later, flocks, and none of them could preach 1900, it had risen to ninety-four per in Spanish, indeed those of them who belonged to the State religion of their thousand, a trifle more than double. ~u!:igures culled from official and other published

PASSENGER PIER OF THIRTY YEARS AGO, Where all passengers had to land respective countries, did not consider year the Western South America it right to preach in Spanish, tho Conference was organized, and this this was already in demand through again has been divided. The numthe circulation of the Scriptures. ber of ordained ministers in the Thirty-seven years ago the honor of South American Conference is thirtybeing the first herald of the Gospel ip one, of which number five have their Argentina in the language of the sphere of labor outside of Argentina. country, fell to the lot of one of for- With two exceptions all preach 10 eign birth but brought up and con- Spanish. The published statistics, verted in Buenos Ayres and equipped which are as follows, embrace also for his great and glorious work by a the work in Uruguayan the opposite collegiate course in the United States. side of the River Plate: Members From 1867 Spanish preaching has 4,300, local preachers 40. Sundaybeen maintained by the M. E. Church schools 77, teachers 300, scholars over and has continued to expand, penetrat- 5,000. There are some ten day-schools, ing the adjacent countries. with over 1,000 pupils, under the auspices of the Missionary Society of In 1882 the Missionary Conference the M. E. Church. Bishop Neeley is was organized, and continued to as- on his way to Buenos Ayres as resisemble as such year by year, till 1893, dent General Superintendent. when in union with the missionaries of the same communion in Chile, the The Anglican Church has a resi- South America Annual Conference dent Bishop and some twelve or more was organized. By 1901 the numbers ordained ministers, of which number had grown to admit of a division, de- two preach in Spanish. Indeed, it is sirable on account of distance, diffi- only in recent times that this forward cult transit, and other reasons. That step was taken by the Church of Eng-

r– –

~ 31.& 30%- GIfAPHIC ~EPRESENTATION ——— —'''''' -…..— — — —– – — _.. . The av~rage annual increase of showin~ the population is represented by ve..flcal column, two milimeters high PlOP01lTIONAL O~OWTH fOr each thousand inhabitants.

ofdifferent countTies _.- accordi~ to the latest statisticS' r– – On each column is the name ~4.9 of the counb~.}' , theyear ofthe 1ol.6 by census, and the proportion of GABItIEL CA~CO – g~wth perthowand. mhabitants 2.1.9 In one year. 2.0% – _.. _..-_.- _.. –. —-.- .-….-.—…-. -…-..— –_…..——– ._. .- – _.- — r– – 20.'

– – . -18.8 0 r– 18.'1. – '7-4 ~ 17.0 ::>< cO 17.3 (.) r– r– Q. ua.:r a:: -' 16.1 r– I~./ 15.0 r – 1070 ——–.– — —.—- ~ – – – – .- – «:; – <« ~ Iz~ ;.! -«-_ t; .- a: — ?c – – 14,. " '" – 7.1 r– ::> &&J II) N I/) ·i3.6 . – 13.1 r– 14.0 c!) lz- 0v a: 111 r– B.1 < 123 12.1 12.7 ::> .- cO ~ i=«a:- «a: r– .IU-. _. . .- . ~- .- ~. c( ..J a:: . .- 0 Qu … .- .- :II ~. :> '895 1&91 ..- /1.1 . – 9.9 ~ N e( w 1872 0 -J c(. ~ 10J zc( "~ I~O' w 0 ~ ~ )0- e( 1&.1 zW a: ~ eSx: . 0 0 0 ~cr 9.3 0 tI) ..J !: U 0 IS~' ~ «Z 1&.1 I- ::> z ::> V) la:-: e( < z ~ ~ ' 0z r– Q «0z z (I) :I: :l « U! CI) '90' «a: ~ U > CI) Isy5 I' w ::> 7.3 7.5 Z -' «~…, ~ ::> cO (J ~ > ~ ~ a: 1tJ· «::) 190< 1901 ~ ..J i: I.!) a: :'~ &u 0: 0: " .".'. " SPAIN ~C[ z U! 0.. 16,. 0.. ~ CI) -J 0Q I- Z Q .1116' ..J -J C[ w &') HONDURAS I.!) ,~ '88/ 'JOG :> Z ~ w 0: 0 w z «::) Q ~ ',00 19011 :J: cO c…….r. w 0 t: ::> ~ BOLIVIA ti " SALVADOR Z 1.&1 I) Q. .Z w0 ::E: 1890 199' – HA~ ii~ 19Do I~ – INDIA 2.5 1JB9G :;) !:: ~ 3.0 119IHI IS,' 1810 IS'"s8 8~ IS811 '882 FRANCE 1881 1,01 '89' 18,0 188T 1890 I~ ~S9! '8~D '893 IIWJS 18S~ r8~ I~ 1,02 r,oo 1190D 1900 ,,00 AND ,,01 Ir,oo 'S,7 1'9'" I'?<H' I'~ u.u o fl ''0' ",0 ,,00 Fl'~EL .",CU8A .got ..,7 190' '9DO 190( ~ UlAaI DECREASE DECREA$E

ARGENTINE

land in South America. The first tists from Switzerland, etc. Together Spanish preacher of that communion these must form an aggregate of So was Rev. William C. Morris, who preachers, and have a membership of some six years ago commenced at over 1,000. Nearly all of them have once to preach the Gospel, and to give Sunday-schools, and many of them primary instruction to the children of day-schools, from which the missionthe poor, with a group of about a aries, in many cases, derive their supdozen. The development of his free port. school has been quite phenomenal, and has arrested the attention of the gov- The Salvation Army has an efficient ernment, from which he now receives staff of workers in the Capital, and a monthly subvention of a thousand in many of the large towns, and gendollars currency-$440 U. S. It is erally are appreciated for their selfnow some time since the number of denying work. children enrolled was over 2,700. An Argentine gentleman, who was one There are permanent preaching staof his first coadjutors, paymaster of tions in ten of the provinces of Arthe chamber of deputies, caught the gentina, but there are yet three proventhusiasm and commenced an inde- inces and ten territories, well prepared pendent work of a like nature, dispos- by the distribution of the Scriptures, ing of his property to carry out his still unoccupied. Within the limits of schemes. One house he transformed this agency we could name hundreds into a school, another he sold and of places still waiting for and ready built a church with the proceeds; two to receive the Gospel preacher. other schools he accommodates in rented houses. His pupils number The Argentine Constitution gives more than 300, and he also has se- ample toleration. Permission is freely cured a monthly subvention from pub- given to preach in the public parks lic funds for his educational work. by the authorities, and they do not allow preachers having such permis- The Scotch Presbyterian Church sion to be interrupted or molested in has four ordained ministers, but so any way. far they have not taken up Spanish evangelization; it may be, however, To the writer, who distinctly rethat a prosperous Spanish Sunday- members the place and circumstance school, recently established, may yet when, for the first time he heard one prove an initial step to Spanish preach- express a desire for the preaching of ing. the Gospel in Spanish, what is now be- ing witnessed every Sunday in the Besides a number of independent public parks, is something more than evangelists, and others representing he then had faith to grasp. the smaller organizations, there are many missionaries who practise bap- Bible Work tism by immersion, as the Christian and Missionary Alliance, the Regions As the Word of God IS the one Beyond Missionary Union, the "Breth- foundation on which the Gospel rests, ren," Baptists of the Southern Con- so the circulation of the Scriptures in vention, Canadian Baptists, and Bap- the language of the people is the true pioneer of all effective evangelization.

Copies of the Scriptures in Span- ish had been distributed in Argentina

by both the great Bible Societies as what proportion of the distribution early as 182I. From time to time a has been made within the limits of stray copy of the Bible or New Tes- Argentina, but give in round figures tament with the imprint, New York, the entire circulation for the four de- 1819 and 1821, is met with in second- cades, which will serve to illustrate hand book stores. We have met with the rate of progress, notwithstanding more than one who have spoken of the fact that many of the books were the deep impression made on them sold in other of the Republics embrac- by the reading of some of those cop- ed in the field. ies. One of these, none other than Ex- President Sarmiento, told the writer 1864-1873 .. 40,000 copies that when a youth living with an un- 1874-1883 .. 100,00J cle who was a parish priest, he read 1884-1893 .. 240,0()() one of these Bibles with such deep r894-1903 .. 320,000 " interest that his uncle, who himself in those days would have been consid- 700,000 ered a liberal man, was concerned for Up to the close of 1902, including the faith of his young nephew. It is the distribution of early years, this not improbable that to this early pe- agency of the B. & F. B. S. had put rusal of the Scriptures we are indebted into circulation 376,000 copies. Thus for the liberal and far-reaching views considerably more than a million copof that distinguished Argentine states- ies, including integral parts, have been man. In two of his most important circulated by these agencies. Probworks he makes special reference to ably more than seven-eighths of these the beneficent and transforming pow- books were sold as the result of perer of the Bible. sonal persuasion by the colporteurs. Every book sold represents seven vis- Visits had been made at different its made, and twelve persons on whose times by representatives of the Ameri- attention the Book has been urged. can and British and Foreign Bible So- It is altogether unquestionable that cieties, but nothing permanent was es- Bible colportage prepares the way and tablished until 1860, when the first creates a demand for the preaching resident agent of the B. & F. B. S. of the Gospel. It is the pioneer and came to Buenos Ayres and opened a coadjutor of all missionary work, and Bible Depot. Sometime later colpor- having no distinctive line of teaching tage was commenced, but in 1864 it under which to group believers, it is had not extended in Argentina beyond the rival of none. the limits of Buenos Ayres. Many cases have come under our notice where the simple reading of About that time in a manner alto- the Bible has led to conscious pardon gether providential, it appeared that and rest of soul. We possess a picthe time had come for the American ture of nine persons-one family-liv- Bible Society to carry into execution ing about a hundred and twenty miles a purpose expressed in its earliest Annual Report, regarding work in these a south of Buenos Ayres, who through countries, and the establishing of this agency was resolved upon. the reading of single copy of the Scriptures, have become exemplary We are unable to determine just evangelical Christians.

A~ E AND L. RUSK.IN AND BOUSEBOJ."D

WOMEN OF THE UPPER KONGO BY MRS. A. E. RUSKIN, BON'GANDANGA, KONGO FREE STATE It is most difficult to give a true but chocolate color, and a few very picture of the life of a woman on the light brown, the lightest, the Bafoto, Upper Kongo, because her position of a yellowish hue. The Ngombe are is, in every way, so foreign to civil- the handsomest, and the darkest in ized ideas of what it should be, that color; while the Mongo and Baenga if the picture be a true one, the reader come in between. Many have really may consider it overdrawn. pleasant faces, but very few would reach our ideals of beauty. Their Our mission station, Bongandanga, freedom of movement and lack of is situated in the m.idst of the Abir clothing tends to develop the figure, rubber concession, in the "District de and gives a natural and graceful car- I'Equateur," Kongo Free State, and riage to the younger women, which the conditions described are such as might well be envied by the more obtain under that rule., There are civilized. But, tho generally strong, four tribes with which we come in these women are susceptible to the contact: the Ngombe, on the north ordinary aches and pains of womanbank of the Lofoli river; the Mongo, hood, and the coughs and colds, chills on the south bank and inland; the Ba- and fevers, to which others are liable toto, or elephant hunters, who live in this climate. chiefly in the forest, and the Baenga, or river people, who come here from Mentally, Kongo women are 'on a farther down the river. low plane. As children we can teach them to read and write, but, when Physically, our women are generally grown up, it seems a hopeless task rather above the medium height, well to teach them anything. They have built, and robust. They are not black,

very little thought, and practicaIly no ed from them; they taught us their forethought. The most important ways, and so we do as they taught us. subjects that attract attention pertain Your way may be good for you, but to the family with whom the woman we prefer our own." is connected either by birth or marriage-her children, garden, cooking, As to religion, as we understand it, and the beautifying of her person. the Mongo native has none. AIl" Savage tho she be, she gives a good both men and women, are bound by deal of attention to appearance and a system of superstition, fetichism, fashion, even tho she has very little and witchcraft, and a strong belief in dress, Mongo women wearing only a spirits, whom they seek to appease and few leaves and beads, while the render favorable to themselves by Ngombe women generally are content means of charms, and sometimes sacwith the beads, minus leaves. But rifice; there is no thought of God as happily those of both tribes who live a person, or any real idea of worship. near us, and have dealings with the They believe in a system of good, and whit~s, are improving in this respect; one of evil; but the good is rarely many wear the native grass petticoat, mentioned. Everything that goes or European cloth, tho the improve- wrong, even death itself, (for to a ment is due oftener to pride than to native death is abnormal), is traced modesty. Almost all the women are to witchcraft. These beliefs, as may clever at their own modes of hair- be imagined, bring no joy or peace, dressing, and have quite a variety of but rather misery, ignorance, discord, styles, some of which will be seen in and endless palavers. the accompanying photographs. After being plaited, the hair is generally From birth, when the "bote" smeared weIl with palm oil and "ngo- (charm) is tied around the neck to la" (powdered camwood) and scented ward off sickness, to death, the native with the powder of a sweet smelIing is a slave to charms and superstitions. nut, named "baimi." Brass anklets, Many kinds of food and certain porsome smaIl, some reaching almost to tions of animals are tabooed to womthe knee, are much in request; as also en, but it is significant that these are are armlets, and even very heavy always the best parts, preferred by necklets. These at times cause terri- the men. AIl believe that if the taboo ble sores, but apparently pride feels is broken, even by accident or in igno pains, for they are not discarded. norance, some terrible calamity or sickness, perhaps death, will foIlow. These ornaments are not the property In times of mourning, the women of the wearer, but of her husband, and must shave their heads, wear only a are taken from her at his will. few leaves, and sit on the ground. If the mourning is for a husband or The strangest thing about these brother, the woman abstains fr(,:lm all women, mentally, is, that they have meats, and some other foods, for a no desire to rise higher, or to be in considerable time: for is it not the any way different. The answer to husband who provides the wife with whatever we say to them on the sub- meat? When a woman dies, her husject is: "This is our way; our grand- band abstains from fish, as it is her mothers dki so, and our mothers learn- duty to provide him with this diet.

OF THE UPPER KONGO

There is a vague belief in a future in order to have anything approaching state, and to a certain extent in trans- Christian family life, the whole social migration. A very notorious person system must be reformed, and the may, after death, become a leopard, root of the whole social problem as crocodile, or chimpanzee, and will it affects the women in this part of then wreak vengeance upon those who the Kongo, is the marriage system. offended him in his former state. It is considered impossible to kill an ani- To show a woman's position in the mal thus inhabited by the spirit of a household, it is needful only to give man. This superstition so paralyzes a glimpse of her daily life. There is the people, that much property may no late rising in this country; the sun be damaged and many lives lost as a and everyone else is up before six result. They do not attempt to kill o'clock. Very soon the slumbering the beasts, and even let them go when fires are burning and the food left in their power. The greatest sufferers over from yesterday is warmed up are naturally the women and children, and taken to the husband, who helps who are more frequently attacked. himself, and gives the children their share, each wife providing sufficient As then there is nothing in the re- for her own children. Then the womligion of these people to uplift the en pick up their knives and baskets soul, and nothing either present or and away they go to the gardens, befuture to fear as the consequences of guiling the way with gossip on varisin, it is not strange that, morally, ous topics. Arrived at the gardens, they are little better than the beasts which are merely clearings in the forin their forests. Public opinion, as est, with the undergrowth burnt down, it exists, is all on the side of wrong; the manioca, yams, maize, plantains, and tho certain acts are considered etc., planted in its place, they begin to nominally bad, the wrong is far more weed, sow seed, and dig the manioca in being found out than in the doing. and yams needed for food. Men do Stealing is quite general, and when no gardening, except to clear the forcaught, the culprit always says, "0 est. About I I 0'clock the women no, I did not steal it; I only took it." come back to their huts, heavily laden Everyone appears very shocked, and and tired out. After an hour or two all commence to scold him, but tho of rest, the manioca must be peeled they would not say so, it is because and taken to the' river to be steeped he was found out. Lying and cheat- in its waters four or five days, to reing are so usual that to lie is easier move the poison which exists in the to many than to speak the truth; hence raw root. A basketful of steeped the continual suspicion and quarrels manioca is brought back, then water amongst the natives. must be fetched from the spring and firewood from the bush, and the time Purity of life is practically un- has come to cook the evening meal. known; there is no such thing as a If the husband has been successful at single life; and a woman is only al- the hunt, there will be meat for suplowed to be a widow for a few days per; or the children may have caught or weeks at most. Polygamy is ev- a few mud fish, or better still, at the erywhere practised, and polyandry is right season of the year, there will be not by any means unknown; so that

caterpillars, or palmerworms, the bility it has one already. Tho innogreatest delicacy obtainable. These, cent of· clothing, the health charm is with a little salt, obtained from the around the baby's neck to insure white man for an egg, toko (cooked strength to her. There is always remanioca), greens, palmnuts, or yams, joicing over a girl baby, as she will form a plentiful evening meal, when bring riches to her father when she procurable; but more often there are marries. Before she reaches the age of five years she will be betrothed to 'rHRmE BONGANDANGA. WOMEN, MONGO TRIBE some one, perhaps old enough to be her father. This man passes over to but one or two dishes, and sometimes the father some brass rods and other no meat for weeks. Supper over, the riches, and the child is reckoned as family chat together over the fire for his wife. For a time she lives with a while, and about 7 or 8 o'clock all her mother, paying visits to, and reretire to rest; except at fulI moon, ceiving visits from, the husband; but when they indulge in dances, some of when about ten years of age she goes which are so immoral as to be inde- to live at his home. Often this is the scribable. beginning of trouble. The girl has had no voice in the matter, and does not On such a day as I have described, get on well with her husband. They there have been no palavers, as the quarrel, she says she will not stay family are at peace with one another. there, and goes home. The husband Often enough it is far otherwise; calls for his pledge money back, and quarrels are carried on for many days, the girl is given to another man as the wife refuses to give her husband his wife. This may take place several food, and the whole family, perhaps times; the result is a complication of the whole town, is in an uproar, tak- palavers, and much trouble over ing sides about it; even fighting, if money matters. that is considered the best way to settle it. By the time she is fifteen, or a little more, this girl may have become a Imagine a baby girl born to one of mother, but as society is at present, these women; we hear the news, and children seem no tie between husbands a day or two later go to visit her. We and wives. Very littie, if any, true find her sitting in the hut with the love exists, and there is constant susbaby, which is shown around and picion of each other's fidelity, too duly praised and talked about, as a often well founded, and frequent dismore civilized baby would be. We putes and quarrels. While these last present a packet of salt, and are asked the wife either punishes the husband to give the baby a name. This is a by starving him, or goes off home for matter of politeness, as in all proba- a time, stayi!].g either until her anger is appeased, when she walks back as tho· nothing had happened, or un- til her husband takes her a present of a fowl, salt, or finery, and so wins her favor for a time, and she returns with him. But when this happens fre-

Ig06] WOMEN OF THE UPPER

quently, he gets tired of it and gives 'I'wo BONGANDANGA WOllEN, NQOHBE TRIBE his wife permission to call another husband. As soon as possible the wife goods and chattels, without any re- gets a friend to go and call her lover, spect to their own wishes or ideas of as it is not good form to go one's self. propriety. Occasionally a woman is The friend who goes is called a "bo- left a widow in old age, and none of nengi," and is dressed up in all the the heirs care to take her as an inherfinery she possesses or can borrow, itance. Then, if she .has a son, he her body smeared with camwood pow- will take her to live with him, and she der, her hair dressed fashionably, will be treated with a certain kind of beads, anklets, and bracelets piled up- veneration as his mother, especially on her, and she starts off to the house if he be a chief. These are the only of her friend's paramour. Having ar- conditions under which a Mongo rived, she sits down in the house, and woman ever enjoys the respect of her after the customary salutations are people; and very few ever live to atexchanged, begins to talk about all tain this position. The majority do kinds of subjects, and at last, as tho not reach any great age, and should it is quite an afterthought, says: "0, an aged widow have no son to care so-and-so has sent me to call you to for her, she becomes an outcast; usetake her as your wife!" The state- less, valueless, and therefore uncared ment gives no surprise, for everyone for in life or death. After the death has known the purpose of the visit, of such a woman, it is difficult to find and probably the sender; as not in- anyone willing to bury the corpse. frequently these things are arranged Everything is done with unseemly privately beforehand. haste, with no pretense at sorrow or If the woman is known to be a mourning; and that IS the end; there bad character, the man may refuse; but generally he says, "Very well, take is no one to care. If the dead woman this spear to her husband, as an ear- was the wife, daughter, or mother of nest. I will come and settle the pa- a chief, there is a great show of laver." If the husband accepts the mourning made by the family and spear, he is bound to enter into nego- professional mourners, with ringing tiations with the other man as to the of bells and crying. At intervals one disposal of his wife. The new hus- hears the mourners chat and gossip, band passes over to the old one suffi- and laugh heartily, but soon they recient money to cover the original turn to their orthodox wail. At night pledge money paid to the father, and there are unnameable dances, cursing the. various presents which have since of the corpse, and often a feast. If a been given. When this sum is paid man buries his wife, he lays himself in whole or in part, and satisfactory open to the accusation of having killagreement made as to the remainder, the woman becomes the wife of the man she called, and goes to his home.

If a husband dies, the wives are reckoned in the inheritance, and are divided among the heirs, like other

ed her; so the corpse must be taken towns, which they attend in very good off to the horne of the woman. It is numbers, and listen intelligently; they rolled in cloth and native mats, and come to the Sunday services at the fastened on two sticks which rest on station, and so have frequent opporthe shoulders of the bearers, who run tunities of hearing the Word of God. as fast as they can, and are followed We also try to show them by our by friends and relatives, who wail lives, as well as our lips, what a and call out : "You are going horne! Christian life should be, and may You are going horne!" Another dance be, so as to raise their ideals, not is indulged in at night, and the body to an European, but to a Christian standard. There are two great dif- NATIVE WOMAN, MONGO TWBE, BARlNGA DISTRICT ficulties in our way. One is indif- ference. As we tell of Jesus and His buried in the forest on the morrow. love, the women seem interested and After the interment, all goes on as listen well, but when we come to apusual; her few possessions are divided, ply the truth and speak of individual and there is scarcely another mention sins, there is a general assent, and the made of her name. And, humanly subject is adroitly turned. speaking, that is the end. As has been said, they are quite con- Could anything be more sad or tent with the present state of things; shameful than the condition of these they have no desire to become like us. sisters of ours? The reader will sure- For instance, they always walk behind ly ask, "What is being done for them? the men, and carryall the heavy loads. Are you not trying to lift them up One day a missionary took the load off from these terrible surroundings ?" a woman's shoulders and gave it to Yes, we are trying to do the only her husband, explaining that we thing which can do any good-telling thought that the better way. The them of Jesus, who died for them, and woman became very angry, saying: lives to save them. We visit them in "That is not our way; why do you their homes, and hold service in the give me shame? That will not do, white man." She took the burden from her husband, shouldered it again, and walked off as before. The same thing happens with regard to' every one of their customs, by which they are so bound.

But in spite of these difficulties, some do become interested, and for four years a most successful women's meeting was held here weekly. Dur- ing the last two and a half years, ow- ing to the attitude of the administra- tion, all our work has suffered, not least the work among the women. Several women are members of a class for enquirers, at which they re-

OF THE UPPER KONGO

ceive special instruction, and from Just now she is passing through a which, after long probation, they are testing time. Her husband has died, received into church fellowship if his goods have been divided, and here they prove consistent in life. There is the trial-what about his wife?

are five women in church fellowship Custom says she must become the at present, but several have passed into the glory land, who lived for Jesus here, and are now serving Him there.

The name of one of these converts is Bosali; she is about thirty years of age. In her early days she lived just such a life as has been described above; was betrothed, married, and became the mother of one little boy.

After this she quarreled with her hus- band and called a man named Elon- gama, who lived near the mission. At first there was much jealousy between Bosati and a former wife, Bofaiya.

This led to palavers, and Bosali be- came so troublesome in the town that she earned for herself the name of "Efele," .(whirlwind). Reasoning with her seemed of no avail, and for a long time she would not attend the meet- ings and laughed at all who did. At MAN AND WIFJC , BARINGA last, to everyone's surprise, she be- gan to come regularly, and gradually wife of a lad to whom she has been a a change came over her, and we saw mother all these years, and his rela- with joy that what all else had failed tives are determined to enforce it. She to do, the Gospel was doing. Not feels it is wrong, and has refused; she long after, Bofaiya died, leaving a lit- went away to her mother, only to be tle girl about a year old, and three fetched back. She asked to be allowed older children. Bosali became a moth- to call a more suitable husband, but er to them all, and under her care his pledge was refused, and she is not they throve well. In October, 1902, allowed to go to him. She says: "I Bosati was baptized and received into am God's child. I want to do what is church fellowship; and fortunately for right, but they will not let me. What her, her husband, tho nQt in sympathy can I do?" She is powerless, and so with her, did not oppose her Christian- are we, except that we can pray, and ity, knowing it made her a better wife. our God is a prayer-answering God. Bosali has her failings, and has made Will not others join with u~ in prayer mistakes, but we believe she lives up that a way may be opened to put an to her light, and testifies to other wom- end to this terrible and degrading en by lip and life. system?

I(ONGI, A NATIVE OF BONGANDANGA.; 120 miles away. We have seen and Mongo triM,} marks on forehead and cbin heard of her frequently, and the news has always been good. Three months Another of our members is named ago we saw them both, looking so Boluka. She was the wife of our happy, and Bolombi told us how he . evangelist, Bamboli, who died of had been brought to Jesus. He saw smallpox, ,Christmas, 1901. He had that the old deeds were wrong, and no son to inherit, so his younger so put away his four other wives, who brother, Bolombi, came and took his were not Christians; and now, he and wife, and she went to live with him Boluka are both members of the near Ikau, our next mission station, church at Ikau, to which she was transferred when she left here. He is also seeking to start a school in his own town, to teach the children to read. Let us praise God for Boluka's influence, and ask that many more may be raised up to do a similar work.

Our greatest need is prayer; prayer for an out-pouring of the Holy Spirit on all our work, that He may convict of sin and lead to the Savior. Noth- ing but sound conversion will change the state of things. There is, in what we have written, no over statement, and these things are taking place ev- ery day. God has saved some; He can save to-day, and we believe He will save many more of these women for his own glory!

WOKEN'S DANOlII; T4ImIQ P<>IIlTIOllli

UNOCCUPIED DISTRICTS OF

BY ARTHUR NEVE, F.R.C.S.E., C.M.S., KASHMIR The Northwest are quite neglected. If this is the case with the towns, how great must be One of the most rising sea-ports in the spiritual destitution of the villages! India, tho it has not yet attained The Shikarpur district has 1,000,000 a first rank, is Karachi. It remained souls; the Haiderabad district 750,000. for long undeveloped, with an indifferent harbor, tho a fine bay, and It would be about 350 miles in a with a restricted commerce, for want direct line due east from Karachi beof communications. Indeed, these are fore any other mission station was still incomplete, for there is no rail- reached; the line would pass through way communication with the adjoin- Thar and Pakar, skirting the great ing Bombay presidency. The reason Rann of Cutch, and through part of of this is not far to seek, for Eastern Southern Rajputana. To the north- Sindh might be called the Sahara of west from Haiderabad, a line wou1cI India, and vast as is the area of Sindh, pass through the absolutely unoccuthe population is very sparse, except pied native states of ] eysulmir and along the narrow, fertile strip, border- Bickaneer, 600 miles distant, before ing the Indus and its tributaries. In arriving within the sphere of the olden days the Indus flotilla supplied American Presbyterian Mission, which the chief line of communications, and works the Ferozpur districts. The the towns clung to the banks of the greater part of this region is a sandy, fertilizing river. semi-desert. ] eysulmir has a popula- tion of only 110,000 in an area of 16,- The Church Missionary Society oc- 500 square miles, and Bickaneer a popcupied Karachi in r850, and Haidera- ulation of 500,000 in 22,000 square bad, the chief town of upper Sindh, miles. six years later. The first missionary, Adjoining these and stretching for who still survives, was the Rev. J. 300 miles along the south bank of the Sutlej river, is the more populous Sheldon. But it has from the first state of Bahawalpur, in which there been an undermanned mission; a sort is no European missionary, altho of appendage of the Punjab, and the it is on the main line of railway to outward success has been very small. the Punjab, and is intersected by the Probably at no time has the clerical direct line to Bhatinda and Delhi. It staff of the mission exceeded five, and would only distract attention from the it has often been reduced to three, or bolder and more salient facts, if I even two. This is not what can be were to mention all the smaller towns termed effective occupation for such in this great neglected province. Here a large province with a scattered pop- are three and a half million people, of ulation. There are schools to be su- whom not one-tenth can, as yet, be perintended, two or three small con- reached by the existing methods of gregations to be pastored, and other evangelistic work. There is not a routine duties, which must greatly re- single medical missionary, not a single strict the opportunities of effective purely itinerant missionary, and it is aggressive evangelistic work, even in probable tll,tt of the present staff of Karachi City, Haiderabad, or Sukkur; four only two can preach in Sindhi, so that other towns such as Shikarpur, and Khaipur, Larkhana and Rohri

which is the dialect universally spoken The lapse of a century has blotted throughout the province. out much of the romance of Southern India, and in spite of a few gallant A striking passage in the last an- episodes, it is difficult to realize the nual letter of the Rev. A. E. Red- romantic amidst the dreary sand man shows how the burden and the wastes of Sindh; but when the lofty need is realized by those on the spot. mountain barriers of India, shadowy Writing from Sukkur, where he is and half hidden by dust haze, quiver quite alone with a congregation of on the horizon, they seem to draw only 56 native Christians (and these out the soul to tell of never seen, have come almost entirely from other unimagined charms. Their romance parts), he says: is a living one, for beyond are the closed lands, where Llamaism or Mo- "My station has a population of hammedanism endeavor to cling to 30,000 non-Christians. As I write, I the tenth century, and to shut out not lift my eyes and without rising from only Christianity, but all light, and my chair I see, separated from us only civilization, and progress. by the Indus, another town of 9,500. Travel north-west only twenty miles Surely, Britain owes a great depth by road and you will arrive at Shik- of gratitude to Him who ordained that arpur, and be in the midst of 50,000 the Indian Wardel1s of the Marches people. Travel on ten miles thence, should be such men as Abbott, of Haand you will be in another town of zara, Edwardes, of Peshawar, Reynell- 6,500. Or, start from Sukkur by rail, Taylor, and Nicholson, to mention journey about two and a half hours, but a few of the chivalrous names and you will be in the 'garden of that will ever live in Indian annals. Sindh,' populated by 14,500, all 'hiding themselves from the presence of The regions of the frontier from the Lord God.' The whole area of Beluchistan to the Pamirs, have, withthe district is 8,000 square miles, and in the last two years, been consolidatthe popUlation 1,018,000. Among ed as one territory, under the name it all there is neither mission school North-West Frontier Province, and nor institution of any kind." with a flexible semi-patriarchal organ- ization, suited to the wild, warlike It surely needs no further words tribes, chiefly bigoted Mohammedans to intensify the significance of these of Pathan origin, which occupy the facts. Are there none to whom they valleys of the Suleman range, the appeal as a personal call? I can not Hindu Kush, and the Black Moundoubt that the C. M. S. would wel- tains. It is a sway free from red come the advent of the missionaries of tape-the rule of a stern sword of any other evangelical society, which justic~, wielded by a soldier of the would guarantee continuity in the true knightly type, Hon. Col. Deane. work and observe the true principles Political relations are controlled, roads of inter-mission comity. Probably guarded by local militia, trade must it would be the wisest plan to arrange be free, but-among themselves they a territorial division of the Hinter- are at liberty, at least in the outlying land, and in a town the size of Ka- districts, to "run their own show." radir there must be room for fresh Their domestic concerns are left stricteffort.

THE UNOCCUPIED DISTRICTS OF INDIA

Iy alone. It is an arrangement that, The older population consists of in most places, prevents the mission- Gujars, Kharals, and Dhunds, with a ary from "following the flag." scanty sprinkling of other Moham- Here and there from thirty to fifty medan tribes, and still fewer Hinclus; years ago, the C. M. S. planted its these last only to be met with in the isolated stations. The points chosen towns. Pushtu is commonly spoken, were strategically sound; Peshawar but the local dialect is known as "Ha- commanding the mouth of the Khy- zara," and is akin to western Punjab.

ber; Bannu the Kurram valley; Dera Abbotabad has been fitfully worked by Ismail Khan, and Tank looking into the C. M. S., and occasional tours South Wazeristan and the Gomul val- have been made by mIssIOnaries ley; further south, Dera Ghazi Khan through the heart of the district; while for the southern Derajat and the Be- ladies of the C. of E. Zenana Society luchis. But the outlook-how vast! work at Abbotabad. But, as a whole, Nothing beyond on the west till we this great attractive district with 700,- come to the scanty missions in Persia, 000 village people, and its four or five and then, too, how far apart from one small towns, must be classed as one another; and alas! how scantily man- of the "unoccupied fields of India."

ned. True, that of recent years the North of Peshawar is the populous medical staff has grown, but the cler- Swat valley; beyond that, Bajaur, and ical has been weakened more and then again Chitral, where there is a more by transfers and withdrawals. permanent British garrison. But to All these mission stations are Trans- missionary effort the door seems as Indus, and most emphatically there is much closed there as in the petty re- room for an equal number of Cis-In- publics along the Indus, such as Tan- dus mission stations, with their base gir and Darel, or in the chaotic tribes on the railway. . of the Black Mountains. Bigotry is Hazara strong, and it is only a few years since A more attractive field of work is the moullahs preached a "Jihad," and the Hazara district-wedge-shaped, its thousands of these fanatical Moslems base on the main line of the N. W. poured down the mountain gorges, raHway from Rawal Pindi to Attock confident that they would sweep away on the Indus, and its apex tapering the infidel English. All through these away to the north between Kashmir wild mountains of the north-west, it and Chilas. Many of the mountains is much the same; and tho here and are above the line of perpetual snow, there the Imperial Power may be rep- and feed glaciers; the upper valleys resented by a young British subaltern, are rich pasture "alps," for the flocks and a petty escort of Sikhs, or local of the Gujars and Lyeds of Khajan. militia, yet is the rule of the lightest Even the nearer mountains, those description, and there can be little close to the railway, are forest-clad on doubt that the advent of the mission- their northern slopes, and between ary, if it did not of itself produce a them lie the broad, fertile plains of religious conflagration, would be made Agror, Manseahra, Abbotabad, and the pretext for the first tumult that Khanpur. arose from whatsoever cause.

The Dard Tribe. Bulder Sing, there is no other town. Much of the country is strikingly The people of Chitral, Gilgit, Hun- beautiful, and also healthy; for if the za, Nagyr, Astor, and Chilas belong rice-growing valleys are somewhat hot to the Dard race, and are far less and malarious in the late summer, the bigoted than the Pathans. But they uplands are bracing and cool, and at belong to rival sects, Suni, Shiah, and such seasons the valleys are almost de- Maniais, and each valley seems to serted. In winter the snow seldom speak a different dialect. lies below 4,000 feet. Special permis- sion would be needed to reside in the Many years ago I advocated the state, but no adequate ground could sending of a band of evangelists, who be alleged for refusing it. In times should travel over this wide and wild past the northern valleys of the state mountain region, studying its dialects, have been visited at rare intervals by and going here or there, according to the Kashmir missionaries, and the the openings they might find. Since southern skirts of the state are touchthen the adjoining district of Baltistan ed by the American U. P. mission. has been taken up by a brave little company of Swedes, women as well as Rajaori men, connected with the Scandinavian Alliance. Still further up the Indus A mission center for working this valley, at Khalatse, as well as at Leb, populous region might well be placed the Moravians have taken up work. at Rajaori, itinerating from the She- And so the unoccupied field is less ex- limi river on the west, the Aknur and tensive, but also simplified by the start the Chenab on the east, where it of work among the Thibetan tribes. would come into touch with the Scotch But the C. M. S. has been unable to Church mission at Jammusia, and Lalextend its Kashmir work, and the kote. Even in this district, measuring Dard races remain practically un- some ninety miles from east to west, touched. In view of the political dif- and thirty miles from north to south, ficulties, and the nature of the coun- the population is not homogeneous, try, with its scanty, scattered peoples, and several dialects are met with, but and remembering the needs of more these are all akin, as Mr. Grahame accessible and densely populated re- Bailey, a talented linguist of the gions of Africa and China, I should Scotch mission, has shown. hesitate to push the claims of the place "where three empires meet." It is to be regretted that this dis- trict can not be occupied by one of the Poonch two societies now working on its southern borders; but both are, alas! Between Kashimur proper and the too undermanned to attempt such an district of Rawalpindi, and occupying extension. Still there are manifest the outer hills and valleys of the Pir tokens of God's blessing upon their Panjal range, is the small feudatory labors, and as the native churches state of Poonch. The population is grow in numbers and zeal, surely we about 50,000, of which a large propor- may expect that He will call some of tion are Gujars, or cattle-herders, liv- Punjab Christians to the noble task ing in scattered mountain hamlets. of being the pioneer evangelists to Except Poonch, where lives the Raja their hill-brethren.

THE UNOCCUPIED DISTRICTS OF

On the same subject we have' a It is healthy; the rainfall is about forty-five inches only; snow falls in paper from J. Tunbridge, C. M. S. winter and blocks all passes but one. English fruits of all kinds flourish, missionary, Kangra district, Punjab. and there is a small European com- munity. Being under British rule, it Kulu is a well-ordered and peaceful coun- try. The Church Missionary Society This country is situated in the mid- has neither the men nor the means Himalayas, and forms one of the six to take up the work. There is a large subdivisions of the Kangra district of floating population in spring and authe Punjab. It consists of a series of tumn, traveling to and from Central narrow valleys, shut in by huge moun- Asia, via Lahaul and Leh, and of piltains. The inhabitants are almost ex- grims from the plains, _who visit the clusively Hindus, numbering I I 9,000 springs and sacred shrines of Kulu. in I90I, covering an area of 6,374 square miles. There are 360 Hindu Mandi and Suket temples in the land, some 150 being endowed by lands given by pious Hin- These are two native states in the dus, and mostly dedicated to local dei- Punjab Kangra district adjoining Kuties. The people are purely agricul- lu, and under British protection. The tural; very simple in habits; ignorant, populations are about 170,000 and superstitious, and clannish. They are 55,000, respectively, and their areas, fond of truth, but in parts of the COun- 1,13I and 403 square miles. The try only. Lax marriage relations and country is mostly sub-Himalayan, but immorality are their predominant sins. some of the hills run up to 10,000 feet adjoining the Kulu borders. A small community of about fifty Christians on private land of an Amer- The people of both states are alican lady, occupies Ani, at one extreme most solely agricultural, tho in Mandi out-of-the-way corner on the borders there is much unworked mineral of Suket native state; but as this is wealth, salt being the only thing they not evangelistic or aggressive, and is export. As in most native states, a private concern, it can scarcely be idolatry and superstition reign sutermed a mission. Missionaries from preme. The very occasional visits of Kotgarh and Kangra (c. M. S.) outside missionaries alone disturb the have made occasional tours in Kulu slumber of ages. Secret believers of and found themselves everywhere very high caste and position have long warmly welcomed, especially when existed in one of the states. Many accompanied by a medicine chest and others are reading God's Word and magic lantern. The people have un- teaching their children its truths. The bounded faith in the missionary's Rajah of one state is very bigoted, healing powers. A medical mission- but the young Rajah of the other has ary years ago labored in the country, been educated in the Punjab Chiefs' and is gratefully remembered still. College, Lahore, so should be more Several attempts have been made to enlightened than his late father. The occupy Kulu, but no one has remained people are everywhere accessible; only in possession. From personal ac- a resident missionary is needed. quaintance, extending over more than ten years, the writer is convinced that the land is ripe for the Gospel.

EDUCATION IN THE SUNDAY·SCHOOL

BY WILLIAM BYRON FORBUSH, PH. D. Author of .. The Boy Problem," " The Boy's Life of Christ," etc.

The place of missions in the Sun- new courses are more elastic than day-school at present is unsatisfac- those in "the main room" of the school. In many of them God's love tory. Education in missions IS no for all men and the physical wants of other peoples are already taught as a definite part of the school curriculum. natural integral part of the course. Giving is too general to arouse inter- The child-life of many lands is a ready est or sacrifice, and is sometimes not topic of interest, the folly of idolatry clearly differentiated from the paying is shown as God's real nature is refor quarterlies. Missionary money vealed, and some information is comoften goes to minor or miscellaneous municated as to the sorrows of causes which, failing to secure atten- infanticide, child slavery, Indian widtion elsewhere, besiege the Sunday- owhood, and famine. Stories, curios, school. Yet here is the central place pictures, and costumes illustrate the in the Church for missionary educa- teaching. The Orient pictures and tion, because all the young people at the missionary postcards mentioned in some age are here, and there are the last article will be found useful to fewer castes and cliques in the Sun- give to the children to take home. day-school than in any of the other young people's organizations. The giving in this grade, as in the home at this age, will be directly for The effort in all the grades should hunger and need. If it is necessary not be so much to secure a quarterly to break away from the scheme of missionary lesson, or a supplemental benevolence of the rest of the school missionary lesson, as to suffuse among in order to make this prominent, such all the spirit of the Kingdom. undenominational work as that of the Grenfell Association for Labrador or Let us premise that the school has of the Ramabai Association in India adopted a simple schedule of benevo- is appropriate. If the giving is to a lences which is confined to the leading child, her portrait must be constantly missionary societies for which its own in the room. Giving, as in ancient denomination is responsible and has Israel, is to be a joyous act, one to been assigned to the care of definite which trumpets are the appropriate missionaries or definite children un- accompaniment. The birthday thankder missionary training. offering is, therefore, of especial pro- priety, a missionary gift. The children The Primary Room should have carefully explained to them where and how the money goes. The theme of study in the Begin- The route between their own pockets ners' and Primary Classes is almost and the collection box and the heathen universally "God's Love and .Care," is not always clear, and they have and the "Duties of a Young Child often some latent incredulity as to its of God." The methods are the s'afe arrival. story, .object-Iessons, and physical activities.

Missionary education comes more easily into these grades because the The Childhood Grades when Gad sent Jesus an His mission Here the theme of study in the to' save the world."

model school is the Law of God, and The teachers, it must be canfessed, the story of God's people in the Old can nat be trusted to' do this work if Testament is the favorite text-book. it is only incidental to a regular Bible The ages here are from eight to course. Same dO' nat want to do it twelve. In the large school the child and most do not know how. The les- is in an intermediate room, in the small san:helps, which they read, dO' not school he is already, by ten years of, emphasize the missionary appeal. I age, aut in the main raom. This fact think this much must be led by the modifies any advice upon the subject. schaal afficers and be special and anni- The ideal methods af Bible study versary in character. Miss Brain naw are by the use af cantinued Bible suggests "Hera Sunday," which is ex- stories, small pictures in the class, and cellent. The whale haur shauld be travel study. Mission study, which is given to' the matter. The roam shauld 'never to be separated from Bible be decorated. If there is an orchestra study, comes in naturally now as an in the school, now is the time far it extensian of the story af Gad's pea- to' discourse music. The Mission pIe intO' other lands, by a comparison Band, ar other saciety af yaung pea- af habits of the Bible people with the pIe that meets week days, shauld help Orientals of to-day, amang whom the prepare the program. If there is a , Gospel is being preached, and by a special affering, there should be pre- comparison of Bible heraes with later liminary infarmation abaut it, and heroes of the Cross. As this lS the envelapes far home callectians shauld adventure periodaf life it is warth be distributed befarehand. Every- while to note that it is the adventures thing shauld be done, not primarily of missianaries rather than their per- far the sake af any missionary cause, sonalities that make an impression, hawever impartant, but far the sake of and, as ,it is the geogr'aphy periad a sessian so inherently interesting that rather than the histary periad, that it the children shall anticipate its recuris many striking facts and much calar rence. It can nat be toO' strongly emrather than a historical order of phasized that the heart of missionary events that are impartant. pedagogy far children is interest. As This raases the questian both in this Secretary Conklin says, he would nat grade and in the main school as to' ask far an affering fram a church of whether we are to depend upon wha~ adults until the peaple themselves missionary instruction the teachers cared enaugh to propose it, so I would may do in the regular courses as they not ask gifts from a Sunday-school realize that the Bible is throughaut a until I had taken pains enough to be miss.ionary baak, or whether we must sure that the children were eager to have quarterly or supplemental week- give. .

ly lessans. President Jahn F. Goucher The Adolescent Grades suggests the first three manths of every All this that has been said about year as "the natural time far the spe- missionary teaching on special days cial study of missions. It is just after applies, of course, principally to the the ,anniversary of Christ's advent, main room of the school, in which the

adolescent grades are found. Some there is no free evening for the work.

particular remarks are to be made The progressive school will develop about these grades, however. Here out of this its missionary normal the theme of study is the Gospel, and course and class, to furnish teachers the Lives of Christ and of the Chris- for the school. Here will be found tian Heroes are the usual text-book. the broad outlook which bends toward This is the history period, and the Christian unity, in a study of men and young are ready now to get a consecu- fields more than of "the Board" and tive sweep of history. The study of "the Cause."

the book of Acts ought to be fol- Helps for Missionary Study in the Sundaylowed by its continuation in the His- school tory of the Church and of missions. This should become an integral part The material is meager, but it is comof the curriculum. This is the hero ing fast.

Some of the Beginners' courses, notably those published by the Baptists, contain period. The Crusading Idea is preva- missionary material.

lent, but it is best illustrated not in "Missionary Chalk Talks for Primary the historic Crusades, but in the Classes," published by the Presbyterian pioneerings of the Cross. Now it is Women's Foreign Board.

The Young People's Missionary Move- the man more than the adventurer' ment, 156 Fifth avenue, New York, pub- who counts, and as the youth learns lishes a dozen illustrated post cards on through biography to define who the Japan with a dozen brief lessons printed on Christian is, he must learn to see also· the back. who the missionary is, and that he is I have found only two courses definitely designed for use in the main room. One is the same man. This is the great con- an excellent handbook of six studies, de- version period, and the essential at- signed to be used in the -classes as pre- .tainment to be desired is not an emo- liminary to a lesson from the platform, tional, selfish experience, but a recog- nition of the brotherhood of the fam- entitled, "Missionary Studies for the Sun- day-school." It is written by George Har- vey Trull, and is published by the For- ily of God. eign Missions Library, New York. A The class now is the great social second series in two grades is in preparainteger of the school, in which the tion. gang spirit is rife, and if there is a class treasury the teacher may find it Another course, designed for platform wise to foster class objects of benevo-' use, is called "Missionary Programs. Series No. 1." It has just been issued by the Young People's Missionary Movement.

lence, For study of missions in special countries the best handbooks are those that have been As the week-day extension of the prepared for junior mission bands. "Japan junior grades 'Was the mission band, for Juniors," by Katherine R. Crowell, pubso now the week-day extension of the lished by the Woman's Board of the Presschool is the Christian Endeavor So- byterian Church, 20 cents, is the best of a ciety, is the boys' club, or girls' guild, particularly good series. The Congrega- tional Woman's Board of Boston have a in which the teacher will desire 1:0 find less elementary series on different coun- tries, at 5 cents each. himself with his whole class.

Among the Adults For a biographical course Beach's "Knights of the Labarum," and Shelton's Here is where many churches will "Heroes of the Cross in America," publocate their mission study classes when lished by the Student Volunteer Movement, they find that in their crowded life would be suitable. A selected course might

MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL

be made by using the leaflet biographies Missionaries are very busy, but that have been published by different boards they are able in the course of time and publishers. The best are "The Soldier to pick up a good many little things and Servant Series," published by the for such a collection. Money both for Church (Episcopal) Missions Publishing purchasirig and forwarding should Co., Hartford, 5 and 10 cents, and "Mis- promptly be sent in advance. sionary Annals," published by Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, IS cents. In northern India and some other countries little clay figures are made For the senior students or the mission representing the dress and occupastudy class in the school the books of the tions of various people. They are. Student Volunteer Movement, the Young easily broken, but are cheaply re- People's Forward Mission Study Commit- placed. Articles of handicraft are tee, and the Women's United Study Com- comparatively more expensive than mittee are appropriate. culinary and household articles, tho they are all less expensive than cor- For teaching missions on 3pecial days by responding articles in America. the stereopticon there is a series of "Stereopticon Lectures on Foreign Mission Post cards can be obtained in all Lands," pUblished by the Foreign Mis- large cities, but views of places and sions Library. Price, 10 cents. The Pres- persons and incidents in a special field byterian Home Board has a series on do- can only be obtained with a camera. mestic missions, of which "Our Country in Pictures" is an excellent example. The accompanying lantern slides may be rented at the same place.

A Missionary Museum Dr. Wilton Merle Smith, the great Every Sunday-school should have a benefactions of whose church are so museum as well as a library. This well known, testifies that nothing, not should have at least three depart- even letters, counted as much as the ments, the Old Testament, the Life of camera in helping the interest of his Christ, and Missions. For a descrip- people in the work. This church fre- tion of the way to fill the Scripture quently invests considerable money in sections a booklet by the present au- obtaining photographs for lantern thor, published at three cents by the slides. The Sunday-school should Pilgrim Press, Boston, may be se- see that its missionary has a good cured, and some of the suggestions camera, in warm climates a plate as to manual methods will be helpful camera.

for the missionary section. Many missionary fields now have While the whole school is to be local missionary, religious and Chrisenlisted in the collection of articles tian Endeavor magazines, which will for the missionary museum, separate be worth subscribing for, like The classes may be made curators for spe- India Christian Endeavor.

cial countries. As many things as This museum, collected by coopera- possible should be gathered at home. tive effort, should be publicly dedi- Picture post cards, photographs, pic- cated, and opened for exhibition to tures cut from the missionary maga- adults. It will instantly and perma- zines and curios given or loaned by nently affect the whole Church in its friends who are travelers will make a interest in the affairs of the King- good beginning. dom.* * For guidance in gathering and displaying either a missionary museum or a loan collection from the board we must tUI'D to the Church Missionary SOCiety of London, which has carried the latter feature to great success. The handbook is entitled" Manual for Stewards at Missionary Loan Fxhibitions."

AMERICAN MISSIONARY

THE LIFE AND WORK OF DR. DIVIE BETHUNE McCARTEE BY ELI T. SHEPPARD, LL.B.* The long and eminently useful ca- practical knowledge of the language, reer of Dr. McCartee in China and Ja- literature, laws, institutions, and re- pan, affords one of the most conspicu- ligions of these countries, as only ous and happyillustrations of the price- comes from long and intimate study less value of high personal character, and friendly contact. He believed joined with comprehensive ideals, in the inward corruption and downward the field of missionary effort. Stu- tendencies of Oriental life could be dents of missionary work, the world arrested only by Christianity; but that over, have been struck with the im- zeal and preaching alone would not mense influence and subduing force effect these desired ends. Christianity of personal character in every depart- must be not only preached but exemp- ment of that work. Not only the lified in many ways to produce a funvigor, but the very existence, of Amer- damental change in the national life ican Protestant missions in the Far of a people possessing an antique and East seem to center about the person- petrified civilization, culture, and philality of a few individuals like Drs. S. osophy. The work of undermining Wells Williams, W. A. P. Martin, the existing colossal fabric of misbe- McCartee, Hepburn, Verbeck, and lief, demands some methods different, Brown, – men supremely endowed perhaps, from those which may be with force of character combined with successfully employed among races unselfish zeal and undying enthusiasm. more rude and barbarous.

The history of American mission- He did not think these highly civary enterprises, in both China and ilized Asiatics would "fall like ripe Japan, since the middle of the nine- fruit before the first breath of the teenth century, affords a striking illus- Gospel." No one could be more astration of this providential fact, that, sured than he, of the supreme imat the most critical epochs in those portance of individual conversion in countries, men like these have been order to national regeneration; or more at hand; and their influence has been assiduous during the greater portion singularly instrumental in shaping the of his life in the East, in sowing course of events, momentous in his- broadcast the Gospel seed by direct tory. evangelization, the printed page and During his fifty-six years of con- informal converse. But, like his nection with China and Japan, termi- friend, S. Wells Williams,t he felt that nated by his death in San Francisco many "subsidiary means" must be emin 1900, Dr. McCartee gained such ployed by Christianity to secure the * Col. E. T, Sheppard, U. S. Consul at Tientsin from I86g to 1876, was then, upon recommendatiou of President Grant. appointed by the Emperor of Japan as Adviser in International Law to the Japanese Forei~n Office. This position he held until some time in 1880, when, on account of ill health, he resigned, and SInce then has resided in San Fmncisco. He is the author of valuable treatises upOn consu1ar service and extra-territorial jurisdiction. One of these, discussin~ the history, principles, practise, and abuse of Extra Territory, was published first as a series of articles In the Japan Weekly Mail in 1879. They were republished by the government of Japan, and translated iuto Chinese by Dr. William A. P. Martin, then of Peking. A second pamphlet is made up of lectures on the American Consular Service, delivered before the College of Commerce of the University of California in March. IgOI, and published by the University Press. Col. Sheppard has also issued an important address on the Future oftke Pacific Ocean. All these writings are peculiarly pertinent to the present relations of the United States with the Far East, and deserve to De issued together in a permanent and accessible form. H. W. RANKIN.

t Sec" Life of S. Wells Williams, .. p. ISo. real advance of its own principles, too many instances this doctrine of and their incorporation in the social extra-territoriality is abused, with the organism. Scientific agencies, legiti- result that the local laws and munici- mate commerce, the telegraph, rail- pal regulations of the Chinese are way, school and college, newspaper, flagrantly disregarded by foreigners hospital, and the very presence of for- in the country. This assumption of eigners could all be made to serve foreign national superiority is exceed- the interests of the Gospel. Dr. Mc- ingly galling to the Chinese govern- Cartee was no believer, however, in ment and people, and it is a frequent what is known in the Orient as "the reminder to them that their country gunboat policy", nor did he counte- is in danger of passing permanently nance any form of compulsion as a under the dominion of foreign na- Christianizing adjunct; but was con- tions." scientiously opposed to such a reli- ance upon the "worldly arm of flesh." Dr. McCartee was well versed in "American missionaries," said he, the literature and principles of inter- "will make slow progress in China, so long as they continue to invoke the national law, and his words recall the interposition of their consuls, or call for the presence of gunboats on every eloquent historic opinion on this sub- trivial occasion. This gunboat policy only serves to deepen the hatred and ject, once pronounced by the greatest distrust of the Chinese toward for- eigners generally, and missionaries in Lord Chancellor of England: particular, by reminding them that the missionary is forced upon them."* "When the Roman citizen carried with him his rights of citizenship, and Some years later, an inverted echo boasted that he could plead in all the courts of the world, 'Civis Romanus of this sentiment came from the Sum/ his boast was founded, not on Tsung-li-Yamen at Peking: "Take any legal principle, but upon the fact away your missionaries and your that his barbarian countrymen had .opium," said Prince Kung, "and we overrun the world with their arms, and reduced alllaws to silence, and ancan live together in peace." On nihiliated the independence of foreign another occasion, Dr. McCartee ex- nations." pressed, on the subject of extra-territoriality in China, views sensible and Dr. McCartee was not alone in just. thinking it anomalous, that after twen- "It is the boast of Christian nations, ty centuries the maxim which the pathat their citizens living in China and Japan carry with them their own na- gan Roman regarded as "the badge tional laws and customs, are exe~pt from the local laws and customs, and of universal subjection which their are accountable only to the jurisdiction of their respective consuls. In warriors had fixed upon mankind,"

should be adopted as the maxim of Christian nations in their intercourse with non-Christian states.t Dr. McCartee was liberal minded, widely cultivated, widely experienced among men, yet unmistakably ani- mated by religious aims. He regarded Christianity as primarily a religious force, establishing, first of all, normal • Compo Circular Letter addressed to all the Consuls of the United States in China, by the former minister to China, George F. Seward, dated Peking, March 3,1875.

t Dr. McCartee had no doubt that as a provisional measure only, and pending the reorganization of native administration, extra-territorial and consular jurisdiction in a country like China was a necessity to justice. But he wished the provisional character of the practise to be plainly avowed by foreign govern~ ments, and understood by natives, as an incentive to native reform; while his indignation at the great abuse of the system by foreigners was quite ill sympathy with that of the Japanese and Chinese.

H.W.R.

relations between man and his Maker; of an author, preacher, and medical but, by this very fact, also preeminent- practitioner. In the earlier days of ly a civilizing force, creating the best the opening of the ports, his services possible conditions between man and as. a physician were called for on all man. The missionary he thought of sides; not by missionaries and Chias emphatically the advance herald of nese alone, but by the mercantile a higher and better civilization, one community and foreign shipping. In that is or may be dominated by Chris- his versatility and untiring energy he tian ideals. Stationed at the outposts seems to have been made for a pioof the pagan and Mohammedan world, neer; while his long tenure of a conand representing the spiritual side of sular post contributed much to his life, he should hold aloft in one hand influence among the Chinese." the Book of Life, and in the other the torch of science; not that these are of And the Anglican Bishop of North equal value, but must go together. There should indeed be a suitable di- China, the Rgt. Rev. George E. Moule, vision of labor, according with the fitness of men. There is work for the who also knew him well in Ningpo, cleric, and for laymen, and for women, too. But in many ways, the mis- writes of him: t sionary enterprise must be prepared to lend a hand in helping up less fav- "Taken all in all I suppose no misored nations. It should follow up the sionary has more worthily upheld the precepts of the Gospel by introducing character of his profession. I have ala knowledge of arts and sciences, and ways regretted that missionaries exemplify the social ethics of Chris- should ever consent to accept a potianity in whatever kind of work the litical appointment. Much, I know, exigencies of a particular field de- may be said on the other hand. But mand. Dr. McCartee's singleness of aim in all relations of life was so conspicuous, Dr. McCartee's life-work was, per- that his tenure of a consular office can haps, the most lucid and satisfactory have done nothing but raise the credit illustration of his own ideal. From of Christianity, and American Christhe beginning of his active career, in tianity, in the eyes of both Mandarins 1844, as a missionary doctor in Ning- and people. In those early days (1844 po, until the close of his long life, we -1858) access to the higher Mandarsee him constantly reappearing in ins was denied. I doubt, indeed, fields and forms of usefulness other whether down to the time of the Taithan those conventionally dedicated to ping troubles (1861-2) the business missionary labor; but always work- brought up to English and American ing definitely in one direction. His consulates, was not conducted through old colleague at Ningpo, Dr.' Martin, the agency of a petty officer called says of him in a recent letter:* Yung-tung, inferior in rank to a Che- hien, or district magistrate, who him- "I never knew any man who com- self is two grades below the Tao-tai, bined in so high a degree the labors or Intendent, with whom almost ex- clusively Ningpo consuls now do busi- ness. But my recollection is that Dr. McC'artee, through his medical skill, Chinese scholarship, and especially his character as a Christian gentleman, had won access to more than one or two of the wealthy and cultivated classes, living in and near Ningpo. If he had had something of the self- assertion which characterized some * To his Biographer, dated Peking, February 5, 1902. t To his Biographer, from Hangchow, June 26, IgoI.

I 906] AN AMERICAN MISSIONARY

others, and less of the sense of humor wide range of his learning. But he which gave a charm to his conversa- was a man to be respected as a teacher tion, he would have left a deeper mark and trusted as a friend. He was true upon the literature of missions, and to himself as well as to others; and in the various fields of research. But whatever he did, he did it with a promy impression of him is that no one found sense of responsibility. His of my missionary acquaintances won, good work for the education of Japan and retained to the last, a warmer or in the first stages of its development more respectful regard from his breth- is never to be forgotten."

ren of all denominations, and· from the Chinese of all ranks." I enjoyed an intimate acquaintance We recall his slight, simple, almost with Dr. McCartee during those years pathetic but always dignified figure- of his life, and my position afforded a mere drop in the great ocean of Ori- exceptional opportunities for observ- ental life and movement, sinking now ing the character, methods, and in- and then completely out of public view, fluence of his labors. From I872- to reappear as often in some other and 1880, Japan was passing through the important role of activity; and as re- most critical period of her transition peatedly working out results which, from the Old to the New. The whole humanly speaking, seem now little empire was undergoing a social revo- short of miraculous. lution, so complete, momentous, and In another place,* Professor David swift, that the very speed seemed to Murray, former Adviser to the Im- threaten the extinction of the national perial Department of Education in J a- consciousness. Indeed, many shrewd pan, has contributed an interesting observers, altho wishing the Japanese memoir of Dr. McCartee, and espe- well, feared the nation was rushing to cially of his labor there in that depart- destruction. It was a singular specta- ment. Few, if any, of the distinguished cle; the hermit empire of the change- corps of American and European less East, suddenly caught up in the scholars, engaged in the educational whirl of Western progress, and rush- department of Japan, have obtained ing headlong in the race of this new greater recognition and none occupied destiny! A complex social phenome- a wider place of usefulness and influ- non so entirely unparalleled in history ence. It would be difficult to say in was well calculated to excite the grav- which of several branches of learning est apprehension as to the final result.

he most excelled; but no one obtained Dr. McCartee believed that Japan a larger meed of admiration and per- could not import a new civilization as sonal esteem, whether from his pupils, a man might buy a ready-made suit; his associates in the University of that no foreign civilization grafted up- Tokyo, or his employers in the gov- on an Oriental state could live and ernment of Japan. thrive unless assimilated to the native It has been lately said of him by parent stock. Moreover, altho im- the Viscount Tanaka, then Vice- Min- mense changes in the inner life of ister of Education:t such a highly sensitive people might indeed be effected from without, yet "All his success in connection with no mere exchange of one materialisour education was partly due to the • In the Nnv York Observer, July 17. 'g02.

t In a letter to his Biographer, dated Tokio, September 2r, '902.

tic civilization for another could bode He refused to ignore the virtuous any good, unless both were interpen- aspects of these ethnic teachings, the etrated and fused by those principles sanction lent to them by a venerable and ideals which Christianity alone antiquity, or the powerful hold which supplies. And these principles, to be- they have upon Oriental character. come generally accepted and opera- On the contrary, he emphasized all tive, must be embodied in lives able points of agreement between these to counteract the deep, prevailing, in- teachings and those of Christianity. stinctive, and no less well deserved He always' aimed to meet the native distrust, suspicion and aversion direct- Chinaman or Japanese, peasant, mered against foreigners in the East. chant, officer, or scholar, upon his own ground; and then to show how Chris- The Christian religion in China and tianity satisfied needs which, while Japan, in both the common and official partly recognized, are wholly unpromind, has inevitably been associated vided for in the pagan teachings. But with the political designs of the West, to enlarge upon the antagonisms inwith the arrogance and aggression of volved appeared to him mischievous; foreign states; with the greed and du- while the unquestionable merits that plicity of foreign commerce; with the belong to those nations and systems opium and coolie traffic; with the per- he recognized cordially. sonal insolence and brutality which for 300 years the natives have suffered This function of conciliation, and at the hands of foreigners from Chris- the promotion of a mutual undertian lands; with the infamous lives of standing between all parties concerngreat numbers who claim the protec- ed, was exemplified by him with notation of supposedly Christian govern- ble success in public diplomacy, in ments. All this the Christian mission- which field he smoothed the way for ary must offset by such a life and negotiating some of the most benefiwork as shall conciliate these Eastern cent treaty provisions between China peoples, not only to his faith, but to and Japan, indirectly affecting the rethe very presence of an Occidental. lation of these countries with the Nothing can better accomplish this Western Treaty Powers. His part than such exhibitions of Christian was in the background and mainly character in secular affairs as must unofficial-that of a confidential counprofoundly convince pagan minds that sellor, whose assistance was sought the best friends their country has are and highly valued by those officially those who are Christians indeed. concerned. For this reason what he did was not known to the public then, In his view there was no conceiva- and can not yet be fully told. It is ble condition of society in which Chris- better known that, in the final suprestianity was not better for any people sion of the coolie traffic in 1872-3, than Mohammedanism, Buddhism, or one of the most inhuman evils of mod- Confucianism. Yet his profound ern times, this humble missionary docknowledge of Oriental literature, phil- tor was a very conside.able factor; osophy, and history made him aware and it was not by accident or chance that the East possesses some institu- that in the adjustment of international tions, and its wisdom many maxims, disputes between China and Japan he little inferior to those of the West.

I9Q6] AN AMERICAN MISSIONARY

came twice prominently to the front. For nearly three years, 1877-89, he was His recognized experience and effi- Foreign Adviser, with rank of Secre- ciency in the consular service of his tary, to the first resident Legation of own country at three different ports of China in Tokyo. But the Far East as China, his established reputation for a whole, was always present to his fair dealing and flawless integrity in mind, and his conception of needs, both private and official relations, his and adaptation of service, were those great scholarly attainments, his urban- of a true Christian statesman.

ity and piety, combined with a rare The Viscount Tanaka Fujimare, ex- aptitude for diplomatic business, more Vice-Minister of Education, and ex- than once attested in the official cor- Minister to Italy, a warm personal respondence of the United States, ren- friend, knowing exactly his standing dered him a conspicuous figure of his among the Japanese, in the letter time, and marked him out as one pre- above referred to says: eminently suited for diplomatic em- "Dr. McCartee was thoroughly acployment. Besides this, in the first quainted with Japan, its language, its days of the University of Tokyo, literature, and its people." (In regard where his chair was properly that of to the Loa Choo affair of 1879:) natural history, he for three years "You are right in saying that when he acted as Adviser at the time of the taught Justinian's Institutes, Pome- first Chinese Legation, he contributed roy's Municipal Law, and the elements much toward the peace between the of the Law of Nations. two countries. I and my wife used to call on Dr. McCartee and family But all this work, however import- very often while here, sometimes stayant, was extremely unobtrusive, and ing with them for several hours. We not widely known; and in a private were very much struck with their letter he remarked that Dr. Martin beautiful home life."

was probably correct in saying once Dr. McCartee was not called a of him,that he was "a man jealous of statesman, and there were eighteen his reputation, but indifferent to out of fifty-six years in which he was fame." Perhaps no other foreigner not called a missionary. But if in ever divided so many years between truth, and aside from merely profes~ China 'and Japan, so nearly even in sional distinctions, such a man is not the attention given to the interests of a statesman or a missionary, then who both, and continued during his visits is? How obviously great beyond to the United States. Certainly no measurement, and Christian beyond other foreigner was ever better situ- doubt, the influence of such a life! He ated for understanding these two never would accept or retain a posi- countries in their mutual relations, and tion that involved the smallest com- points of comparison and contrast. No promise of his Christian faith. As a other ever served both countries with scholar, physician, diplomatist, mis- more loyalty to their best interests, or sionary, and gentleman, he was great- received a larger measure of confi- ly admired; but his fame will be chiefly dence from the natives of both. Too due to the example afforded by his true a friend not to rebuke their faults, spotless life of that godliness, right- he appreciated the excellencies of both, eousness, and self-oblivious kindness, and in many ways sought to bring which perfect the man and exalt a about the best mutual understanding. people.

STEWART. M.D.. D.D.. OF LOVEDALE*

BY GEORGE SMITH, ESQ., LL.D., C.LE.

After half a century of self-sacrifice time still out of joint. Offering him and toil for the Bantu people, James i150 a year to join him, Livingstone Stewart, missionary of the United wrote to him in 1862, addressed "in Free Church of Scotland, died at nubibus or elsewhere :" Lovedale on the 21St of December, 1905, in his seventy-fifth year, and was Possibly I underestimate difficulties, and laid to rest on the top of a hill, Sandili's Kop, which overlooks the scene I may not fully realize those which must of his labors. In 1864 Dr. Stewart was selected to develop the small mis- be encountered by the men who will be sionary "seminary" at Lovedale, into an industrial, normal, and theological honored to introduce the Gospel into the institution. He took charge in 1866. His founding of the Livingstonia and center of the slave market of Eastern Afthe East African Missions was only second to his building up of Lovedale. rica; but were I young again, and planning His name is enrolled with those of Alexander Duff and David Living- how I could best layout my life, without stone. hesitation I would go in for this new field He_ was born in Edinburgh in 1831. As a boy, he gave his holidays to driv- of missionary labor. 1£ an ·efficient minising stones in his father's carts from a distant quarry to build the new Ab- ter settles in almost any parish at home, bey Church. During his Moderator- or goes to India or other country where ship, 1899-1900, when he preached from the text, "Ethiopia shall soon he could enter into other men's labors, the stretch out her hands to God," he conversions that may be attributed to the labors of his life might probably far out- number those which may result directly from your efforts here. But I believe that work here would eventually tend most to the advancement of the Kingdom. I un- dervalue the preaching of the Cross no- where. The case, however, under consid- eration seems to be very much that of a professor of theology giving up the pas- torate and direct effort to save souls in order that, by preparing other minds for the work, he may indirectly convert a hun- dredfold more than he otherwise could have done. .

pointed out the spot on the old farm where he resolved to go as a mission- Stewart's reply was to take his M. ary. He equipped himself for an or- D. degree and go to Lovedale till the dained medical missionary; for a short burial of his hero-friend in Westminstime acted as assistant to Dr. Cand- ter Abbey roused all Scotland; and on lish; preceded Dr. Whyte in Glasgow, his first return in 1875 he founded and helped Dr. Brydone in Dunscore. the Livingstonia Mission. What that • David Livingstone's "Missionary mission has done, thirty-one years of Travels" fired him and gave direction almost unrivalled success tell. to his life. Tho only twenty-six, and With Lovedale Missionary Institu- a probationer, he offered himself, to tion, Dr. Stewart has been most close- explore and open up that mission in ly identified. In 1855, the Governor Nyasaland to which Livingstone in- of Cape Colony, Sir George Grey, vited the people of Scotland. "The proposed that an industrial depart- time was not yet;" but an independ- ment be added to Lovedale "semi- ent committee sent him forth "to con- nary," and promised grants to carry fer with me about a Scotch colony," it out. The Presbytery appealed in as Livingstone wrote in 1861. He ac- 1858 for assistance in doing their part.

companied the great missionary's The answer of Dr. Duff and his com- wife to Shupanga, where she died. mittee was to organize the mission and was buried. Alone in a canoe, anew; and under this James Stewart, Stewart explored Lake Nyasa for six M.D., began his life-work in 1866.

months, and after two and a half On his appointment to Lovedale years, return~d to Scotland to find the and departure, the committee drew up *Condensed from the United F,"Ce Church Monthly. a minute as to its future management, those directly connected with the educain which this passage occurs: tion of the more advanced native students.

1866. 20th November. "5. That with "I therefore write you, and to other Euro- reservation of the interests of existing pean missionaries, to ask you to assist in agents all the agents charged with the man- carrying out this scheme for the advance- agement of the farm or other industrial ment of native education throughout South departments connected with the Seminary, Africa, that we, by cooperation with one should hereafter be paid from the proceeds another, and cooperation with the govof these departments." 6 provides that "so ernments, may insure the missionary and soon as native congregations are formed, interdenominational character of the prothe care of them ought, as speedily as pos- posed college. sible, to be consigned to a native pastorate . . . in time to be supported by Representatives of one hundred and natives themselves, while the European fifty thousand of the South African missionaries should be free to press on to the regions beyond." 8 and 9 urge coopera- natives, who owe all they are to tion and union with the Churches of the Colony, in accordance with the minute of the missionaries, have petitioned the 1864. King's High Commissioner, Lord Sel- After eight years' work on such lines, Stewart returned to Scotland on borne, and the governors accordingly. furlough, to raise funds for a large The Anglican Bishop of Lebombo, reextension of the institution, which cently addressed to the Bishop of St. has ever since been an arts, divinity, John's Bloemfontein, a most catholic industrial, and medical college, the first in Africa. Lovedale, under forty testimony to the work of James Stewyears of his work, has evangelized the art and to its results: Bantu race, or the Kafirs, Fingoes, and Zulus south of the equator. Its September 2, 1905. supremacy, in influence and efficiency, has been acknowledged by the whole I had opportunity of talking over the Reformed Church. The spiritual and rumor that Dr. Stewart feels that the work the political results of Lovedale, and at Lovedale has been a failure, with Mr. its sister institutions at Blythewood, Lennox, and of letting Dr. Stewart him- Overtoun, and Kikuyu, every decade self know that I wanted to speak to him reveals. on that subject.

Dr. Stewart's personal influence on He broached the subject of the rumor the six colonies and states south of to me, and wanted to know in what way the work at Lovedale was to be regarded Zambesi, and that of his writings, as a failure-whether financially, or intelespecially his "Kafir Vocabulary," and lectually, or spiritually, or politically, or "Dawn in the Dark Continent," was morally. He most emphatically denied that Immense. he considered it a failure in any of these ways, and stated that if he were to begin Dr. Stewart dictated this message his life-work over again he would not to the missionaries of all the Churches wish to spend his energy in a different way. just a week before his death: To the financier he would reply that DEAR SIR :-The recommendation of the the books of the Institution showed that, recent Inter-Colonial Native Affairs Com- from the time when fees were first charged mission, with regard to the establishment to the end of 1903, the pupils or their relaof a central native college aided by the tives had contribnted in fees not less than various states for training native teachers, £63,734 towards the expenses. and in order to afford opportunities for higher education to native students, has, He would refer the educationalist to the no doubt, occupied your thoughts. As the examination records of the Cape Univerproposal is being discussed by natives all sity and the Educational Department, which over the country, and in view of any ac- show that between the years I886 and Igoo tion the government may take to give prac- the certificates gained by Lovedale students tical effort to the recommendation, it seems numbered 836. well that expression should be given to the opinion of missionaries, and especially of To the Christian he could point to the men trained at Lovedale who had been thonght worthy of office in the ministry of' various denominations, or were employed as catechists and evangelists. The figures up to the year 1903 showed that S7 minis- ters and SS evangelists or catechists were old Lovedale boys. The ecclesiastical bod- ies employing them, included, besides the Free Church, the Baptist, Church of Eng- land, Congregationalist, Huguenot, Mora- vian, and Wesleyan.

To the politician he would point out the perfectly to the grace of God, results would number of former students who had served have been more satisfactory still. their king and country in various branches of the civil service as interpreters, magis- With proper Christian humility he had trates' clerks, and in postal and telegraph spoken of his work in connection with work, IIZ; in railway and police work, 86; Lovedale as falling very far short of his school teachers, 768. ideals. It is quite easy to see how this would give rise to the saying that he feels To the moralist he would dwell on the the work at Lovedale to have been a failnumbers still retained in official positions ure. in spite of the fact that others, either white or black, would be ready at once to step The Foreign Mission Committee into their places if any moral flaw could be detected which would justify the authorities have cordially invited Rev. James in declaring thei r posts vacant. Henderson, of Livingstonia, to the In one way -only did he consider that there had been failure. He was willing to office of Principal in succession to Dr. allow that, if he himself and those who Stewart. This invitation was given worked with him had corresponded more prior to his death, and in accordance with his own request.

BIBLICAL INSIGHT AND FOREIGN MISSIONS * BY REV. HENRY C. MABIE, D.D., BOSTON, MASS.

Upon the surface it would seem far even in thought the practical situation easier than it is, to enlist interest on abroad to be dealt with; and the the part of western Christendom in number is yet comparatively few who its missionary task among pagan na- from training, from insight into world tions. The Church to whom the ap- conditions, or from grasp of the Di- peal is made is a called-out body, vine program, can easily bring themsupposedly standing apart from the selves to attack the problem. The world, with a new nature prompting fact that this is the most unselfish of it to seek the renewal of all men,-a all undertakings, is grounded in the post-Pentecost people, intended to be deepest paradoxes of Christianity,- endued with power through many grasped by few until too late to comtongues to reach all nations with the mit themselves to new enterprises,- Gospel. Practically, however, it is still further makes it all seem a farvery much to expect that even this ,off dream, beyond one's power serielect body, as a whole, or as yet ously to grapple. It is for the few, even in the majority of its member- therefore, who do enter into the sitship, will habitually live in the spirit uation, to make this cause their own, of its ideals. Many as are the bars to maintain patience with the multito the outward extension of Chris- tude in whom indeed the spirit may tianity which have been removed, be willing, while the flesh is weak, such as territorial separations by seas and to go on and do the work. not yet navigable, difficulties of lan- At the very basis of all intelligent guage, and the corruptions on the and lasting interest in this work is part of the Church not yet arrived at insight into the Holy Scriptures. But a proper self-understanding, neverthe- this can come only to those who paless there still remain difficulties pe- tiently burrow into them, who learn culiar to this high task. Multitudes to read between the lines, who live have little appreciation of the real in the spirit of the new vision, and -status of the heathen; many have lit- so come into the spirit of the Divin.e tle power of imagination to construct Master. And, even after one has him- • From· an Address given at the late Baptist World Congress, held in London, July II-IS, '9OS, on "How to Create Deeper Interest in the Home Chnrches in Foreign Missions."

BIBLICAL INSIGHT AND FOREIGN MISSIONS

self acquired such insight, it must ever at-home portion of the Church into be difficult so to expound to others larger benevolence. But even this those Scriptures as that they will be idealization of the work felt by the brought into the same spirit, and so few in new qualms of conscience, will become rewrought into the new habit not endure unless fed with more heav- of missionary endeavor. Now there enly oil.

is no nostrum for producing this Even the study of missions, under change in men, inasmuch as there is whatever form conducted, and espe- no method, apart from actual exper- cially if emphasized chiefly in the in- ience of deeper things-whereby one tellectual realm, may, after all, leave may be initiated into the secrets of a only a product of speCUlative value, missionary Christianity. because something more than mere in- The missionary interpretation of telligence is needed. It is often said the Scriptures then is the fundamental that if people only better understood, means of deepening interest in mis- intelIectually speaking, what missions sions. It is a sorry thing to have to have been and are, they would be say that, in many parts, this form of more interested. But motive as well effort is little relied upon, as a prac- as intelligence must be awakened, and tical measure, either in England or to open the inner springs, the con- America. Indeed, in some societies, science, and the will, as well as the the fiscal or business end of the man- understanding, must be moved. Hence agement has by far the greater prom- the Bible and its most sagacious in- inence in the public presentations of terpretation, in speech and literature the cause. In our judgment, no de- is, after all, the ultimate power, to fect in policy can be graver. The mis- reach the Church and animate it. .

sion cause which is not developing a If indeed the missionary deputa- spiritually interpretative function in tioner at home on furlough with liv- setting forth the very genius of the ing accounts of his work, can be sec- work, as expressing the mind of onded by the sympathetic missionary Christ, has already entered upon its secretary, or, better yet, by the local decline: for even Christians will not pastor of the church visited, combin- long be moved to give care or money ing their two-fold testimony, namely, in directions involving the most costly that from experience and that from self-sacrifice-the expatriation of mis- some principle of God's Word, so that sionaries, the endurance of pestilential the man of God and the Word of climates, and the contact with the God are joined in the appeal, the pro- grossest moral evils in the human foundest stirrings of heart may be race–{)n the basis of appeals, primar- expected.

ily pecuniary. Men little care to pay The use of the missionary confer- for privileges like these. Unless there- ence in important centers, lasting one, fore the vision of Christ is experienced two, or three days, to which the writer by the advocate of missions, and by and many others have been giving the Spirit is transmitted to others, lit- themselves, in past years, is an agency tle headway will be made in develop- of the deepest value, for moving the ing the missionary conscience. pastorate to proper cooperation. There Of course, there is much value in is not time in the ordinary annual the personal narrations and testimo- meetings, which must be more or less nies of exceptionalIy gifted and he- formal and perfunctory, to deal with roic missionaries, as from time to time the great principles, the spiritual veri- they come before the churches. The ties, which lie at the root of the whole presentation of new appointees for missionary undertaking. There is need service, aflame with exalted ideals, to develop among circles of kindred but as yet existing largely in the realm spirits the meditative habit under the of sentiment, will also evoke consid- influence of a face-to-face vision of erable sympathy, and shame the stay- the Biblical forms of missionary truth,.

the concrete statements of the mis- Epistles, the exposition of it; the sionary worker from the front, and Apocalypse, the unveiling of it in des- the normal relationships of a pastor tiny; and all together were compo- to his flock. nent parts of the self-realization of There is, of course, an important the Christ, the new Adam of the place for the presentation of the finan- race.

cial needs of the work, and for the To be yet more specific: in the employment of the best skill in secur- Acts, (i-2) we are reminded that ing contributions; but this is always Jesus "was received up"-in the as- a secondary subsidiary process. If .cension-"after that he had given one is to keep the fountain open and commandments through the Holy flowing, the deeper springs must be Spirit unto the apostles whom he had tapped; merely to appeal for money chosen." Observe the reviser's change over and over again and in ever in- suggested, literally "the commanding"

creasing amounts, apart from the most -rather than the plural "command- glowing presentation of the Christian ments," as in the common version. Of motives, is to draw from a broken cis- course, a close observation of Scrip- tern. Any missionary society thus ture only would discern a point like doing will dry itself up, will cut itself this, but the discernment makes all off from the sympathies to which it the difference with the impression re- is entitled. ceived. Luke is virtually saying that But someone will ask, what is meant Jesus could not ascend to his glory by the missionary interpretation of again until he had reached a given the Bible? Will the Church not tire goal; that goal, the commanding of of hearing sermons on the great com- the Church to do a specific thing, mission? Yea, doubtless; but if, as namely to evangelize the nations. The one reads the Bible, he comes to find whole axis then of Christ's incarnate that every narrative, miracle, record career, as related first to the earth, of the Spirit's work, as in The Acts; and then to his continued work in every Epistle, in its multitudinous heaven, turned upon the promulgation parts, each and all are alive with the of the supreme command to evangelize very Spirit of our Lord, then the case mankind. Everything on earth in will be different. Since all this is es- Christ's career led up to that goal, sentially Christian, the people will not and everything on the Heaven side tire, if presented with freshness and of his exalted service starts from it.

holy elation of spirit. Christianity If World-Evangelization then, is the itself can not be properly interpreted most pivotal matter in connection with without involving its practical corol- the work of the Redeemer, then the laries, and these all are missionary. work of missions is no subordinate, For example, God's covenant with subsidiary thing, optional with the Abraham, in its compass was mission- Church to take up or not; but the one ary. The supreme function of Israel vital thing, without which, from as a people was intended to be mis- Christ's point of view, all else is dis- sionary, and for the failure to make ordered. Numberless instances like it so Israel lost her kingdom; the tem- this in which missions are implied as ple itself was intended to be "a house integral to Christianity-as lying at of prayer for all nations." Failing to its very heart-abound in the New be this, it became "a den of thieves," Testament. The man who is not a as does everything human and earth- careful student of the Word, will ly, stopping short of the Divine in- never see them, and he who is not in tent. Christ's very incarnation was the spirit of that Word will not care missionary, his death was such, his to see them: and hence because of resurrection, his ascension, and the ignorance on the one hand, and of in- gift of the Spirit of Pentecost. The disposition of the carnal. heart on the Acts were the outworking of it; the other, the cause dearest to Christ goes

19Q6] SAMUEL H. HADLEY, THE SOUL WINNER

a-begging. It has ever been so; it by that for which we plead. We will ever be so until church leaders, especially mention such in America as pastors particularly, become missionary exegetes of the Word of God, those of the late Dr. A. J. Gordon in and so divinely apostolic. Boston, of Rev. Wilton Merle Smith It is well known that in England of New York City, and of Rev. C. E. the expository feature in preaching Bradt of Wichita, Kansas. is its best characteristic. It is that which is the strength and glory of That which more than all else has the nonconformist churches. And yet rendered vital the Student Volunteer even there, dependence upon the mis- Movement, is the fact that back of sionary exposition of the Scriptures and underneath all, in the habits of its leaders, and in the work carried is much in the background as a means on in the colleges, Bible study as funof deepening interest. It is only in damental to missionary power is conits beginnings in the United States. tinually cultivated. The missionary But wherever employed, other things enterprise throughout is against the being equal, there missionary interest grain of selfish, carnal human nature, will be at the maximum, and mission- and it can only be overcome by the ary funds most easily increased. Cer- Book of Heaven, and by. the Spirit tain pastorates in America, and doubt- of Heaven, a Spirit which renounced less some notable ones in England, even heavenly rights that it might have been conspiciously characterized prove itself missionary: that is, godly in character.

SAMUEL H. HADLEY, THE SOUL WINNER * God has His "HALL OF FAME." But Church of Christ. Mr. Hadley, while those who find there a memorial are others have been talking, has been donot of man's choosing: this honor is ing. No man of his day has done reserved for those who are "great in more, if as much, to reach, and show the eyes of the Lord"-those who are others how to reach, the hopeless vicgreat in humility-great in His eyes tims of sinful habits-to lift them out because little in their own; great in of the horrible pit and miry clay, and simplicity, like a little child; great in set their feet upon a rock and put into faith, implicitly believing and trusting; their mouth a new song. great in love, cheerfully sacrificing self for others. Judged by such stand- Eyes wept at his bier, that are unards, Mr. Hadley was one of God's used ~o weep. There was a shock like great men, and there are many who an earthquake among the wharf-rats know that a prince and a hero has and river-thieves, the liquor dens and passed away. dives of sin, when it was whispered about on that fateful Friday, Febru- Mr. Hadley ranks among Christian ary 9th, that Hadley, of Water Street statesmen. At least seven or eight and the Bowery Mission, was no more. social questions confront us, that tax True to the last to his holy mission, the wisest brains and noblest hearts his pathetic dying groan, heard by to furnish an adequate, practical so- his nurse as she bent over him at the. lution-such as the problems of hospital, was: "My poor bums! my drink, lust, crime, poverty, the uplift- poor bums! who will look out for ing of the Negro, labor and capital, them for me!" the Church and the masses, and the redemption of the outcast classes. The "316 Water Street" was a spiritual last is the most difficult, and has so tonic to many a visitor who went far proved too hard for even the there to see "John 3 :r6," illustrated. There was God's Love to the World • The substance of an address at the funeral, February 12th, by the Editor-in-Chief.

exemplified and reflected in a godlike a century ago. Once sober, he got love of man for man; and the self-giv- employment, and good wages, and ing of the Lord Jesus was imitated in might have hoarded money. But bea human self-giving rarely equalled. fore his deep desire to lift other fallen Mr. Hadley loved all, and gave all. His men out of the gutter, every business own comfort was nothing. His pas- prospect was sacrificed in hope to save sion for souls was a consuming fire. the worst and most abandoned. He He rejoiced to suffer with and for whom sin had driven to the verge of those he sought to save, knowing that suicide, and who had found abundant "as soon as we cease to bleed we pardon and plenteous redemption cease to bless." In his mission the lived to tell others of what God had hungry found bread; the naked, cloth- done for him, and show in himself a ing; the weak, a strong arm, and the "pattern," that others as bad and hopehopeless, inspiration. He did not less, might believe to life everlasting. give what cost him nothing-seeking, His first convert, like Andrew's was with a mess of words to feed the his own brother, Col. Hadley, who for starving, and a robe of fair promises so many years was so successful a to cover nakedness. He starved him- worker in similar ways, for souls. It self to feed, and he robbed himself to is reckoned that, during his years of provide. sublimely unselfish work, S. H. Had- ley brought into a new life in Christ Nothing was more marvellous than over 75,000 outcasts. But this is only his patience. After being cheated part of the results, most of which can twenty times he would shame a man not be tabulated. Thousands more out of his frauds by trusting him yet have heard and felt what Water street again, like the Divine love that never had to offer, and have gone out, like refuses, and never upbraids, because drift-wood, to float on the sea of life, of past unfaithfulness and treachery. to distant points, but carrying with them saving truth and power. Some He had a very definite experience of them will not be heard from, perof conversion. He had passed through haps till the day when God makes up the fires of an earthly Tartarus-a His jewels. But there is reason to hopeless sot, a gambler, a thief, a believe that, in that humble mission, "bum." He had gone down till there God has wrought miracles of grace seemed no lower depth to descend in- as wonderful as any primitive mirato, except the bottomless pit. In a cles of cure. 316 Water Street has drinking saloon in Harlem he had a been a Bethesda, where the Heavenly strange vision, both of sin and salva- Angel continually troubles the pool, tion. Delirium tremens, with its hor- and many spiritual cripples have found rors, was upon him, and he felt him- healing. self falling-but he determined to "fall to'Umrd the Cross!" as he him- Job xxix: II-I6 suggests an approself said. He was not too drunk to priate epitaph for this winner of souls: walk up to the bar, and pounding it with his fist till the glasses rattled, he When the ear heard me, then it blessed said: "Boys, listen to me! I am dy- me: ing, but I will die in the street before I will take another drink!" He drag- And when the eye saw me, 'it gave witged himself to a lock-up and asked to ness to me: have the key turned on him to keep him from the worse gates of hell. He Because I delivered the poor that cried, afterward strayed into the McAuley And the fatherless, and him that had Cremorne Mission, 32d street, and none to help him. there, instead of reproach, found welcome, food and warmth. And there, The blessing of him that was ready to that night, he found Christ. This was perish came upon me: in 1882, a little less than a quarter of And I caused the widow's heart to sing for joy.

I was eyes to the blind, and feet was I to the lame.

I was A FATHER TO THE POOR.

EDITORIALS

GANAPATI, OR GANESHA,THE Hudson Taylor, about the Japanese-Russian war was published, which some weeks ago INDIAN IDOL had been found within the pages of The Institute Tie. This idol, represented on the cover, commonly worshiped as the God of In the article referred to, the name Luck, is found in almost every house and shop in India. Hindu tradition and address of the missionary, respon- makes this god to be the son of Shiva, one of the Tri-murti, or triad of dei- sible for the report, were explicitly ties, which consists of Brahma, the Creator; Vishnu, the Preserver; and given. The remarkable character of Shiva, or Siva, the Destroyer and Renovator. the prophecy, however, has apparently Mythology teaches that Shiva, in staggered some persons, one of whom a quarrel with his son, in anger smote off his head. Parvati, Shiva's wife, wrote the editor as follows: wrathfully commanded him to restore their son to life. Shiva sought for What was the source of your information, Ganapati's head, but, failing to find and can you run the matter down so as to it, seized an elephant's head and stuck see whether it is authoritative, or only fic- it on the headless body. At the same tion? It would seem strange that the Taytime this compensation was granted lor family had never known of the prophto the elephant-headed god, that he ecy, and certainly· I had never heard of it. should be first worshiped in all cere- In the second place, I should hardly think monies. He is always represented as Dr. Taylor would be so indiscreet as to a four-handed god. make a prophecy of this kind ten years ago.

The idol is thus reproduced, that it Before receiving this challenge, the may be more vividly seen what sort of objects receive idolatrous homage Rev. Mr. Goddard had been communieven in India! cated with, in order to make sure that MR. HUDSON TAYLOR'S PROPHECY OF A WORLD-WIDE REVIVAL the report was correct, and below is On page 140 of The Institute Tie his authentication of the report. He (Dec., 1905), was printed a remarkable says: prophecy delivered by Mr. J. Hudson The following statement, from Rev. O. Taylor in China, ten years ago. Mrs. E. Goddard of Muskogee, 1. T., a returned Dr. Howard Taylor, his daughter-in- missionary of the M. E. Church South, law, wrote to the Editor, Mr. Fitt: from China, will doubtless be of great in- terest to those who are burdened for, and We have been deeply interested in your living in expectation of, a soon coming December number, and especially in a para- world-wide revival.. He says: graph, on page I40' relating to my dear father-in-law, Mr. Hudson Taylor. The Something more than ten years since, statement by Mr. Goddard is entirely new in the city of Shanghai, China, it. was my to us, and we are anxious to know more privilege to edit an address delivered by about it, if possible, to have it corroborated. Hudson Taylor, of the China Inland Mis- May I trouble you to forward the enclosed sion; and I recall that in the midst of his letter to Mr. Goddard, who is unknown to remarks, the speaker paused and said: us. I presume you have some address that will find him. "Brethren, I have a conviction which I be- lieve is of the Lord, that in the next ten From Germany a letter also came years, there will occur one of the bloodiest to hand as follows: wars in the world's history. In this war Russia will be the leader on the one side, In German Christian papers recently, a [and one of the Eastern nations on the ten-year-ago vision of my dear friend, Mr. other]. The sentiment of the Christian na- tions will generally be against Russia. Con- temporaneous with this conflict, there shall burst out [in Western EU'rope] a revival such as was never known in the Christian Church, and which will spread throughout the world, turning many unto righteousness. And, my brethren, it is moreover my con- viction, that immediately following this mighty outpouring of the Holy Spirit, the Lord Himself will come."

The above is correct, with the clauses and phrases eliminated as indicated above in brackets. There was nothing unusual about the service, except the prophetic ut- terance. He was expounding a Psalm-I

don't remember which one. He did it in ter, Count Bernstorff, Dr. Forsyth and a quiet, unimpassioned manner, with the General Booth. air of one who was perfectly sure of his ground. Subsequent developments make The magnitude of the work of the this deliverance intensely interesting. society may be seen in the fact that on June I, it dispatched nine tons of Yours in Christ, Bibles and parts of Bibles, in twenty- O. E. GODDARD. eight languages, from its warehouses. The demands from all parts of the Mr. Goddard is a returned mission- world surpass all previous records. ary of the M. E. Church, South. The Bible is the best selling book in the world. In one hundred years this Is it not possible that the "Latter society has issued more than one hun- Rain" is now beginning to fall, and dred and eighty million copies; and, the words of Joel are finding a fore- in eighty-eight years, the American cast of fulfilment: Bible Society nearly seventy-five mil- lion. The British society issues 2,000 "And it shall come to pass afterward, that copies every working hour, or nearly I will pour out My Spirit upon all flesh; six million every year. and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, The different translations of the your young men shall see visions." Word of God now reach upward of 420 different languages and dialects. SYMBOLS OF RELIGIONS All the main tongues are, of course, covered and nearly aU the secondary Each of the known religions of the languages. And the work still goes world may be associated in our minds on, every year adding to the number with a definite symbol. As the Cross and every revision perfecting the represents Protestant Christianity, and work of previous translators. Let us St. Andrew's Cross the Greek church, not forget that fine apothegm of and the Crucifix the Papacy, the Sun, Goethe: "Translators are the agents or Fire may stand for Parseeism, the of intellectual commerce among the Ancestral Tablet for Confucianism, nations." the Wheel, with its suggestion of endless revolution, Buddhism, the Cres- THE REVIVAL WAVE IN INDIA cent, Mohammedanism, the Fetich, the lowest Paganism, and the Iron RiJlg We rejoice to record other and mulof Caste, Brahmanism, etc. tiplied answers to prayer in the ex- tension of spiritual quickening. THE BIBLE SOCIETY OF BRITAIN A most valued correspondent, We warmly congratulate the Brit- whose sphere of work is Calcutta, ish and Foreign Bible Society on suc- writes: "It is blessed to turn away cessfully completing its great Centen- from the withering effects of destructary Celebration, which has occupied ive criticism, and see how the Spirit the whole year. One noble feature of of God is gushing forth as Living this celebration was the raising of a Waters where the Gospel has been quarter million guineas, by far the preached, where the Lord Jesus most of which has come in small Christ, in his death, resurrection and amounts. Nearly one-eighth of the ascension has been exalted. Our total sum is from the British colonies, hearts are full of joy over what God and over iII,OOO from continental Eu- is doing in India in these days." rope, India, and China. Royal patrons are numbered among those who Bishop Robinson, for many years sent congratulatory messages to the editor of the Indian Witness, is not Thanksgiving meeting at Royal Al- an emotional man, but his writing bert halI, Nov. 7. including the Brit- shows how he has been stirred. He ish king, German kaiser, kings of Den- heads an article: "Bengal, Awake! mark and Sweden, queen of Holland, Thy King Has Come !"- And then and the president of the United States. proceeds to describe in vivid terms The speakers were Mr. Whitelaw Reid, Bishops of Carlile and Manches-

EDITORIAL

"days of power and blessing at As- ed people began to cry for mercy, ansol." and there seemed to be a new atmos- He frankly says that the scenes he phere in which approaching and has witnessed of late can not ade- guiding souls seemed wonderfully quately be described. Before the natural and easy.

Asansol District Conference had met, Those who only heard of these December 7, God had been mightily scenes might think them 'on~y Han working among the boys and girls in outburst of Oriental demonstrative- the boarding-schools, a number of ness and sensuous excitement." But whom had been converted, and some Bishop Robinson says this is far from baptized of the Spirit. At the conclu- the truth. Among those most deep- sion of his morning sermon the In- ly moved were the Europeans present, dian pastor (Rev. Keshut Mullick) who were fairly lifted out of them- invited inquirers forward for prayer selves; and the missionary himself and instruction, and there was a re- who was in charge lay prostrate for a sponse such as was thrilling-not time, so overcome as to be speechless, only as to number, but as to earnest- The meeting lasted for three hours, ness-deep conviction of sin being and the time will forever be memo- seen in sobs and cries, followed by rable as one of a visitation of Holy songs of joy in the peace of believing. Ghost power rarely witnessed in India One marked feature was the conver or anywhere else.

sian of domestic servants, and there The Lord's Day, following, was remarkable visions and revela- brought the interest to a climax. The tions in the Lord beyond explanation. ordinary service gave way to one of A goodly company, especially of testimony, with great power. One young women, were filled with the woman,a widow, came forward, and Spirit, and gave themselves to intense saying she had nothing to offer to the intercession, for hours at times, and Lord but herself and her infant boy, to testimony for Christ in adjacent she handed her child to Rev. W. P.

villages. Byers (who has for years been in When the conference meetings be- charge of the district) and then her- gan, December 7, advantage was self fell prostrate. Mr. Byers, taking taken of this rising tide of spiritual the child with deep emotion, dedicated interest, and prayer was much em- him in prayer to God, as the widow's phasized. On December 8 wonderful offering of "all she had." A burst of development.s began. First an Anglo- song followed, and the bishop says Indian lady worker came out into new "one could almost see the Spirit de- light, then two of her associate work- scend upon the people." The whole ers, and a Bengali teacher, at a meet· scene beggars description. To a ing continued past midnight, and they caviller there might seem to be confu- could not sleep for joy. The next sion, but to a believer there was but day, Saturday, a short devotional ad- one conviction that filled with hoIv dress on "The Promise of the Father," awe-HGod hath visited His people.;'

with references to the working of the So powerful was the manifestation of Spirit in various parts of the land, was the presence of the Spirit, that it followed by an outburst of prayer, would not have been a surprise to see praise, and joyful witness. In the tongues of fire or hear them speak afternoon, Mr Kehl, of Calcutta, bore with other tongues, as at Pentecost.

witness to the revival in India, and Young women brought their fathers the Spirit of God fell on the people and mothers to be prayed for. There anew. There was "a wonderful stir" was agonizing l>upplication, and in- -many rising to their feet, throwing quirers found Christ, and believers a up their hands, and swaying to and new level of joy and self-surrender.

fro, singing with a power and unction Monday was the day for adjourn- unwitnessed beforeo Then unconvert- ment of the conference, but the whole

business program was upset by the stands for a half century of growing extraordinary spiritual developments. service to God and man, along the After a short Bible reading, all who most evangelical and conservative desired fuller consecration for soul- lines-a nursery of all missions at winning were invited to join in a sea- home and abroad, and a yearly conson of prayer. Many voices mingled vention of great power. in simultaneous supplication and selfdedication, the interest intensifying DOES JAPAN NEED THE GOSPEL until a "wave of power" swept everything before it. The original time Prof. James Orr, of Glasgow, in a allotted to the opening meeting was very striking paper, published in the exceeded threefold, and there was a United Freechurch Magazine for "tornado of spiritual enthusiasm"; January, gives the two following reaeven Bishop Robinson, who habitually sons for this urgent need: opposes undue demonstrativeness and excitement, testified that he could only 1. It is the age of transition. The stand still and see God mightily last half century has seen a revolution working, filling Indian Christians with there unmatched in history. For inthe Holy Ghost. The living Spirit stance, in thirty years, out of nothing, was lifting disciples out the fogs and have come ten universities, with over mists of a merely nominal Christian- 300 special and 27,000 elementary ity into a heavenly atmosphere of joy schools and an aggregate of over and freedom. And one thing that 4,355,000 students! Twenty years shows the Spirit's control was the im- ago Japan had about 10,000 published mediateness of the response to the re- books, fourteen years later they had quest for quietness when the pro- multiplied to about 500,000,000! Of longed meeting was yet at its height. course, in such conditions, old false faiths are swept away. If there be THE MILDMAY INSTITUTIONS IN nothing to take their place, Japan is adrift without even an ethical rudder. LONDON 2. Japan has failed to develop a true Reach, this year, their Jubilee. The standard of moral life. The defect is first conference was called by Rev. not one of practise only, but of ideas Wm. Pennefather, at Barnet, in 1856. or ideals. The benevolence or humane- With his name and that of Catherine, ness ascribed to this people works his saintly wife, such as those of Sir within a very limited area, not includ- Arthur Blackwood, the Earl of Ca- ing mercy to the indigent, outcast, and van, James E. Mathison, Col. Morton, wretched. And even the philanand many others are forever asso- thropic spirit now moving is the ciated. fruit of Christianity's teaching. Dr. Petee, at the Tokio conference, Few persons in America know of showed that it is only since the introthe vast network of conferences, evan- duction of the Gospel that nearly 300 gelical services, missionary enterprises, benevolent institutions have been medical ·and hospital buildings, dea- founded, but it has set the pace for all conness' homes, etc., that cluster forms of practical benevolence. Moralabout Mildmay-all the outgrowth of ity is so Tow that even conscience Mr. Pennefather's piety and prayer. seems practically alive only as Chris- The appeal is for a Jubilee Fund and tian teaching quickens it, as seen in Thank-offering of at least £I5,000 sexual sins, in the filthy 'Kajiki (the ($75,000) ; and we know of few ob- Shinto Bible) and the lewd theaters. jects more worthy of the generous This paper of Dr. Orr's is worthy a support of God's people. Mildmay careful study,

MISSIONARY

ASIA out His Spirit upon us in melting power. The glory of the Lord filled An "Indian Missionary Society" the house, and for about an hour holy confusion reigned. This is a most important movement commenced by the native DELIA FISTLER. Christians. "It is (I) interdenominational, different districts to be The Greatest Prayer-Meeting in the World handed over to different bodies; (2) its agents Indian; (3) its money In- Is held outside the great mosque at dian; (4) its control in the hands of Indians, with the advice of a few Delhi every Friday morning. It is missionaries till well under weigh." The movement begun in South India attended by 3,000 to 4,000 men. It is is spreading with enthusiasm all over the land, and has reacted as a spir- a very impressive sight, these itual force, carrying real revival wherever it has gone. The commit- throngs in that large enclosure, all tee of advice includes the leading native Christians and most trusted gathered with the object of wormissionaries. shiping one God. You see all those A Confession that Costs men in the first positi1on of prayer, A missionary of the Church of England Zenana Missionary Society then in the second, and then in the tells of a native lady in India who was ordered by her father to repeat third. But not a woman there. the Mohammedan confession of faith. She refused, altho a hot That is the sacred enclosure, and no iron was pressed upon her bare foot as a persuasive. "I can not," she woman would be permitted to go said. "You will not!" thundered her angry father, and with that he heat- inside there. Among the Hindus ed the iron in the fire again. Pressing the hot iron upon the other foot, every woman is taught to worship he triumphantly shouted: "Now you will!" The ,brave woman, white to her god. She has her household gods. the lips from pain, answered: "No, Men have their household gods, too. r can not, for I am a Christian." A The men's gods are consecrated, but conclusive answer. But let us envy the sturdiness at the back of it. the women's gods are not, for fear Memorial Chapel she should pollute them. Moham- NowGONG, Central India, Jan. 25. medanism, on the other hand, ex- This afternoon a little company cludes women altogether; and just of praying souls gathered in the new memorial chapel raised to the mem- outside the wall of that great enory of Louise Eo Pierson, and dedicated it to God. We felt that the closure in which there are three or first service must be 'One of prayer only, and -that it was too sacred an four thousand meri, you might see hour for anyone to come in who did not believe in prayer, so only a little twenty or thirty poor old women, company of Christians met together -nearly all of whom knew and loved who come to get what little crumb of Louise-and God graciously poured comfort they can outside the wall.

That is what Mohammedanism does.

for woman. It excludes her alto- gether. REV. GREGORY MANTLE.

Washing .Up After a Missionary An old woman at Jhansi, in North India, a Brahman of strictest sect, and mother of a princess who is very ill, called in Dr. Blanche Monro, of the 'Woman's Union Missionary So- ciety. She dismissed the lady doctor each time with smiles, thanks, and rich rewards, then grimly ordered her servants to wash everything the foreign lady had touched-the floor, table, chairs, her 'Own clothes, and finally herself. After she has taken a bath, she feels pure once more. Imagine the determination required by a Brahman who dares profess faith in Christ.

Representative Caaes the Church would take the lesson to The Indian Witness records five heart that God is teaching us, with- "cases" a missionary met with during in ten years we might have ten mila recent tour in North India. ( I) A lions in India who are worshiping Brahman Sadhu, educated in a mis- idols to-day, either within the pale sion school, a lawyer for fifteen years, of the Christian Church, or inquirdisgusted with the world and with ing the way thither. But if my own Hinduism, wants to live with Chris- poor life is spared till I see a million tians to learn of Christ. (2) A Mo- gathered within our native Church in India, then I shall thank God, and hammedan of good position, con- these poor feet, which shrink and vinced of the truth of Christianity falter now, with unutterable joy shall and associates with Christians, a se- walk through the gates of day.' rious "inquirer." (3) A young Banya, educated in an "unpromising" mis- "Yemen of business, do missions sion school, resolved while there to pay? In 1856 the Church sent one be a Christian, now, years after, has missionary and his wife to the field. been baptized. (4) A young Khatri, educated in a mission school, but re- To-day we have 4,731 American and ceived apparently no conviction there, native workers in India. In 1856 the afterward met godly laymen who property of the mission was reported convinced him. On speaking some- as valued at $112.02. Now the valuwhat timidly to his wife, she told ation is $2,000,000. In 1857 three him that she (educated herself in a members and three probationers mission school) knew Christianity to were reported. In 1906 there is a be true, and agreed to be baptized membership of 160,000, and a Chriswith him. (5) An inquirer, son of tian community of 200,000. The a teacher in a mission school, educat- church-membership is being in- creased at the rate of nearly 20,000 a year as the flying years of the new ed in it himself. The facts, indi- century carry us on. From their cated in italics, show something of poverty the Indian Church proposes what the educational missionary is to lay on the Lord's altar this jubilee doing. year the sum of $50,000 as a thank The Jubilee in India offering. The home Church is asked to give $200,000 that a quarter of a Rev. J. Sumner Stone writes: million dollars may be devoted as a "Fifty years of work are ending in a special fund for the pushing of the pentecostal revival; 16,434 souls campaign for Christ in Hindustan. were added to the Church last Ort May 13 the collection will be year. If the first fruits of this year taken in all the churches for this ~uggest the coming harvest, fully a cause." score of thousands wil; be won for Christ when the Jubilate Deo is sung A Witness After Fifty Years in December under the shadow of September 24 was the fiftieth the Himalayas, where 'William But- anniversary of Dr. Griffith John's ar- ler, fifty years ago, opened his evan- rival in China. Here is his testi- gel, and Dr. Humphreys, still living, mony: baptized the first convert. "A missionary life is the greatest "There is an average of 3,000 con- of all poss~ble lives." "If a messenger verts a year for fifty successive from God should come and tell me years. William Butler's mantle is on . my life was to be spared for another the shou1ders of apostolic success- fifty years, China should have them ors. Bishop Thoburn, with faith's all." "That Inner Voice-I have al- vision undimmed, and spiritual ways obeyed it, and it has never strength unabated, summons the failed me. Even when, in earlier Church to larger gifts and more days, going into Hu-Nan with my heroic deeds. He says: 'I believe if life in my hands, I knew no fear-

MISSIONARY

return alive or not, I knew this was to myself: The rustling leaves of the the will of God for me." trees praise Thee. The innumerable "I learned a great secret many years ago-Never judge a man by company of songbirds praise Thee! what he says, or even by what he may do. Judge la man by what he IS, The chapel is finished, dedicated, what I know him to be." and occupied. We have a good many "Love-love-Iove-this is the secret of happy cooperation." varieties of work in progress here: China AwoJdng 2 hospitals, 3 dispensaries, 2 board- Chine3e students are still making ing-schools, 5 day-schools, 2 Suntheir way to foreign lands, to study the various methods in operation day-schools, training class for Bible and gain educational advantages. Several young men have left Nan- women, and outside evangelistic king to study modern law in Japan, the first out of some 300 to be sent work. Some translation is in progby the local authorities within the next two or three years. Forty Hu- ress iJ:Jesides. Everything is encournanese are to be sent at once to spend five years abroad in the study aging. Several officials were present of civil engineering. Seven Chinese students of good family have reached at the dedicatory service of the new England-three to study at the Armstrong works at Elswick, two at the church. Dr. Machle had 3 magnates government rifle factory at Enfield, and two at Kynoch's ammunition of Lienchow all waiting in his recepworks; eight others have gone to Germany, to Krupp's works, as ap- tion room, at once, for electrical prentices, and ten are cadets in the Austrian army; 228 Chinese students treatment last week. The church is are already in Belgium. The emperor has ordered a large number of well filled on Sundays. Christians Chinese youths to go to England and America with promises of royal constitute a considerable part of the "pleasure and consideration" on their return. The Chinese Ministers in audience, and there are some outsidforeign countries are enjoined to exert a paternal influence over such ers who are favorablv inclined to Chinese students and to furnish financial assistance in cases of need. Christianity. • Everything is Encouraging Dr. Hunter Corbett on China So wrote Dr. Eleanor Chesnut, a Dr. Corbett speaks out of his persurvivor of the little band of Ameri- sonal knowledge of more than forty can Presbyterians in South China years, probably not equaled by any martyred in October. She says: other man in this country and by few, not Chinese, in the world. "I "A ba'bel of sounds comes in am astonis'hed to find educated and through the open window-Wong generally intelligent people so ill in- Anyong teaching hospital patients in formed in regard to China and the the room below and pupils in the treatment she ha.:; received from forday school studying a:oud the Three eign governments. Unless Congress and Four Character Clas3ics. Copy- takes some action S'Oon in regard to ing the music of the Te Deum, I say our relations with China there may be very serious trouble in the inland cities and towns where foreigners, especially missionaries, live."

The treatment we have been ac- cording to merchants, scholars, ,.:;tu- dents, and other Chinese, not of the coolie class, is a disgrace to our civ- ilization, and China has been stung into a sense of resentment and re- taliation that may result in grave consequences. Better treatment is now being accorded these classes at our ports in accordance with the order of President Roosevelt, whose heart is right in t!his matter, but past mistreatment has gone so deep into the Chinese consciousness that it may take radical measures and a long time to remove the offense. A Log Idol Chinese Students in Japan Rev. L. Lloyd saw a curious ob- There are about 8,000 in the ject of wor"hip in a small temple schools of Japan, over 500 in the near Peking-a log of ~ood, such as military academy. Japanese prois sawed into planks for building. fessors teach in the university at He learned that t<his timber was Peking, and have charge of the milibeing hauled to Peking bv a number tary academy at Wuchang. They of mules, and when it reached this are drilling the Chinese army, teachspot a hitch took place and the log ing school in nearly every province, refused to move another inch. Some editing many newspapers,' preparing of China's "wise men" were called in, text.Jbooks and helping to open up and ·they declared the log possessed the country. The Celestial Empire by a spirit, and that it would be best seems ready for a great upheaval. t'O 'build a temple over the log and make it an object of worship. This The Chinese Outside of China was done, and .. ayfarers continue to offer incense at this strange shrine, Within China are four hundred and two or three priests live on the millions, but China is pressing her offerings. people into every corner of the earth, into Korea, Mongolia, Manchuria, Chinese Evangelists and the other continents. . There are about 100,000 in the Many Chinese Christians have gone United States; II,OOO in Canada, to the Transvaal to labor as evangel- despite the poll tax of fifty gold dolists and catechists among the 40,000 lars per head. In Trinidad, some Chinese coolies there. 2,000 or 3,000; in British Guiana, about 3,000; in Chili, 7,000; in Peru A Significant Gift 47,000; in Mexico, 3,000; in Cub~ and Pu~rto Rico, 90,000; in Hawaii, The Governor of Hu-Nan has re- 27,000; III Mauritius about 3 000 and cently given 2,000 taels, amounting not a few in India and Ceylon~ In in English money 10 about £250- Burmah the whole trade is in their £300 toward the China Inland Mis- hands, who are given as 40 000 sion Hospital in Changsha, the cap- tho so~e think there are as ~an; ital of Hu-Nan. The change of at- as that III Rangoon alone. In Cochin titude toward the foreigner that 9hi~a, the last census gives 73,857; such a gift signifies is most remark- l~ Slam, out of a population of from able. SIX to ten millions, about one and a quarter million Chinese have "almost The Accessibility of the Chine" monopolized tra-de." In the Straits Settlements and immediate neigh- To the Gospel, and their steadfa3t- borhood, about .1,000,000; in Borneo, ness in persecution, have been abun- some 20,000; III the Dutch East dantly proved in recent years. Fifty Indies, a quarter of a million' and thousand probably heard the Gos- a?out 100,000 more in the Philippel through the instrumentality of pIlles. In Japan, about 8000' in Australasi~, about 4?,000. 'In ;904 Rev. J. Hudson Taylor. In' the last 27,984 Chlllese coohes were trans- ported. to South Africa. In England, five years nearly 6,000 have been accordmg to the last enumeration, baptized in the C. 1. M. stations, and there were 767, "'Only ·three countiea there are now over 12,000 communi- being wholly without Chinese." cants in twelve provinces. The missionaries number 825; the stations This shows the immense impor- 200, with 521 out-stations; 1,152 tance of the Chinese race as a factor native helpers and 418 organized in the world's life. What is the churches. If ever a man lost his life future of this people to be? Shall to find it again in thousands of other livesit was Hudson Taylor.

GENERAL MISSIONARY

they bless the world or menace it? try, cheerfulness, resourcefulness: a The answer largely depends upon national feeling powerful, tho in the attitude assumed by the Chris- the past unorganized. Childish su- tian Church.-China's. Millions for perstitions, crude arts and a cramping February. educational system have dwarfed its Chinese Guests of Missionary Board life. But their spell is broken. Indus- trial changes are lifting the land to a The Chinese Imperial Commis- new level of material civilization. And sioners, Prince Tai and Viceroy the mind is unleashed. An intellectual Tuan, with the Chinese Minister at . revolution is on. Old educational Washington, and part of the Chinese standards are abolished; national uniretinue, were entertained at a great versities in each provincial capital are dinner at the Waldorf-Astoria, New York, February 2, by the Missionary supported by tributary colleges in Boards having offices in the city. prefectures and districts; a national Seven hundred and fifty leading cler- press gives expression and powerful stimulus to the new life. An expandgymen and laymen greeted the dis- ing horizon makes of China a new intinguished visitors. The speeches of tellectual world. REV. T. S. BARBOUR. Secretary Arthur J. Brown and Tide of Reform Setting IIr others were largely wasted on the Chinese, and ,then Viceroy Tuan A year or so ago the world heard read an address in Chinese, which that the Chinese civil service was to was read in English by his secretary, be reorganized on a modern basis. The and was highly appreciative of the world thought it a good joke. But commissioner's reception in Amer- now comes the word that the first menica. It said: "We take pleasure in tioned reform is actually in operation.

bearing testimony to the part taken The civil service examinations for this by American missionaries in pro- year deal, not with Chinese classics, moting the progress of the Chinese but with the most practical of live people. They have borne the light problems. Candidates will be asked, of Western civilization into every among other things, to state how the nook and corner of the empire. They resources of China can best be devel- have rendered inestimable service oped; to describe the educational sys- by the laborious task of translating tems of western countries; to specu- into the Chinese language religious late on the bearing of the Siberian and scientific works of the West. railway and the Panama canal upon They help us to bring happiness and Chinese interests; to explain the mean- comfort to the poor and tbe suffer- ing of free trade and protection, and ing by the establishment of hospitals to describe Herbert Spencer's views and schools. The awakening of on sociology.

China, which now seems to be at Growth of the Y. M. C. A. in Japan hand, may 'be traced in no small measure to the hand of the mission- It started about twenty years ago, ary. For this service you will find and is now divided into two parts- China not ungrateful." We may add nine city associations in some of the that loess than one hundred years ago largest cities and fifty-six Etudent as- Rabert Morrison landed in China; sociations in government and other now there are 3,000 missionaries and colleges and universities. The pasthousands of converts to Christianity. tors find it difficult to get the non- Christians to their services, so their Signl of the Times in China conversion depends very largely 0n A people counting one in four of the Christian students. The Student the world's population; an immense Young Men's Christian Association territory of unlimited resources; na- Union of Japan joined the World'5 tional characteristics of an extraor- Student Christian Federation some dinary type-sobriety, patience, indus- years ago, and the Rev. K. Ibuka, the

president 'Of a large Christian CDI- partly the result of proverbial polite- lege, is now vice-chairman of the ness, giving courteous audience to a movement. The next Federation foreigner; and partly the fruit of a Conference meets in Japan in 19'07- progressive, aggressive spirit, which the first international conference especially in educated people takes to ever held there. The Young Wo- Occidental e:ivilization; and partly the men's Christian AssDciatiDn i3 at movement. of governmental policy. present seeking to develop work From. motIves of State, neutrality is among women students in Tokio. exerCIsed. The Sabbath is observed The Famine in Japan in Japan only in govemment offices where are many foreigners. The edict In three great provinces in the against Christianity is not actuallyrenorthern part of the main island is pealed, and much real hostil,ity hides the worst famine in sixty years. behind the veil of indifference."

In brief, the causes are these: The people live chiefly upon rice, their Strange News from Penia chief article of fDDd and of sale ~ttco. News by way of St. Petersburg 1S procure clothing, to pay 'ta1l:es, to the effect that there has been a popular movement for a constitution Secondary industries are the raising which resulted in the sudden exodus from Teheran, the capital, of a thouof silk and vegetables. The three tD sand merchants and priests as a pro- test against the shah's government. five days when the rice kernel is The insurgents went to the village of Shah-Abd-ul-Azim, where a reprefilling are especially important. If sentative assembly elected by the mul- lahs, merchants and landowners was th~ stal~ is broke~, or badly J:>ent at organized, and over which the shah himself presided. The assembly will thIS partIcular perIDd, the gram on it be called the House of Justice, and will exercise administrative and legislative is practically ruined. Hence the ex- powers. The equality of all before the law will be proclaimed. Such treme importance of favorable weath- news seems too revolutionary to be true, and yet history moves swiftly er while the rice is turning. At and constJitutions are made rapidly in these days. The shah has hitherto this particular time last fall, Japan been an absolute ruler, master of the lives and property of all his subjects. was swept by grea:t storms. In the3e The whole revenue has been at his disposal, which enabled him to amass provinces the crop is only about 15 a large private fortune estimated at $50,000,000, most of it in diamonds. per cent. of the average and in some All laws have hitherto been based on the precepts of the Koran, and the portions there is nD crop. The silk power of the shah is absolute only so far as not opposed to it. The shah is yield last year was light. Another regarded as the vicegerent 'Of the important cause is one of the most terrible wars in history. The whole nation has been drained of its food products and its financial resources.

Thousands are on the verge of starvation in some forty counties.

Unless relief comes speedily the loss of life will be much greater than through the war. Nothing can be produced from the soil before next June. Systematic relief is attempt- ed by the Japanese government, for- eigners all over the country vigor- ously cooperating.

What to Expect Dr. William Fleming Stevenson, an prophet, and under him the govern- enthu.siast in mission.s, said: "W·e ment is carried on by a ministry, di- must not be oversanguine as to the vided int~ several departments, after reception given to the Gospel in the AmerIcan and European fashion.

heathen oommunities, as in Japan. It The grand vizier is the prime minis- is partly of an Athenian type, born of ter.

curiosity and love of novelty; and The famine in Persia is very wide-

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 30

spread, due to the failure of crops. native pastors and find their own There are many cases of real distress. churches, and maintain schools for about 13,000 children. The Syrian Protestant College The Assiut Training College. Egypt It was opened forty years ago as a Christian college, to educate the Having outgrown its accommoda- Syrians and those -of the adjacent tions, is about to build on a better countries. Tho a missionary col- site, near the Nile Dam. An Amer- lege, it is not connected with any ican architect has gone to draft Board. In 1905 there were 750 stu- plans, and the work will go forward dents, 90 of them Armenians; as fast as funds warrant. The new 60 Greeks, 150 Egyptians; the ma- buildings embmce a Y. M. C. A. hall, jority are Syrians. There are about etc. This college has wielded a 100 Moslems, 40 Jews, 30 Druzes, mighty power in the vaney of the 300 Greek Catholics, 100 Roman Nile, as witnessed by prominent of- Catholics, and about 120 Protest- ficials. In fact, even the foes of ants. There are 50 teachers. The Christianity can not deny its whole- college owns 40 acres, 14 -buildings, some and uplifting power. including hospitals and a training school for nurses, and exerts a far- Missions in South Africa reaching influence upon Syria and the neighboring countries. The Durban correspondent of the Cape Times writes, IOth November: Burmah-Ko San Ye "A remarka:ble address was given (The Man of the Living Spring) is at Verulam by Vhe Hon. Marshall the name of a very prominent Karen Campbell, whose presence at a mis- convert who is wielding great power sionary meeting was in itself signifi- among the people. He was formerly cant. Two years ago, he said, he a great man among them, and his would have refused to attend. He popular name was one that indicated was one of a commission sent him as a "money" man, because of through South Afric:! to study the his marvelous power to raise money. native question, and had been im- He became a convert and now uses pressed that it was his duty to ac- all his influence for God. He can knowledge the good and noble work neither read nor write, yet is well done by missionaries. He made acquainted with Bible truth; and s'pecial personal inquiries of indi- when he is announced to hold a viduals, went through schools and meeting, the people come in thou- workshops, hospitals, the Kimber- sands, from no one knows where, ley mines, and at all was impressed thronging even the jungle districts; with the excellent effect on the and he has only to bid them give, natives. Asking an overseer at and they file by in procession, cast- Kimberley mines how he liked these ing their gifts into the basket. The 'Kolwas,' he replied: 'They are the work among the Karens from J ud- finest men we have-more intellison's day has been marvelous, about gent and useful all-around men than _8,500 'being ba'ptized last year. the others.' Mr. Campbell made sur- prise visits, and learned that these AFRICA educated boys were the 'best be- haved in the camp. He made a The 8asuto Field. South Africa point during the vi3it of the British Association of throwing into con- The work has been carried on for trast raw natives with educated about seventy years, and while the ones, and he has since repeatedly re- population numbers some 350,000, ceived letters stating that the writthere are to-day some 15,000 church ers were so impressed that their at- members. who support their own titude regarding missionary work

would be altered, and they would do platform where the native elders all they could to help it." stood, ready to receive them. Vith eagerness the crowd pressed for- French Mission Work in Algeria ward. Old women with wrinkled 'vVe are in the midst of the mos't faces brought their kank, or bundle encouraging time ever known in Al- of peanuts; young women, whose giers. Night after night a theater is apparel consisted of a plantain leaf in front tied by a bit of bush rope crowded, halding 2,000 people; they to a 'bustle behind, brought wooden drink in the Word with the most bowls, or safety pins, or spools of amazing readiness; French, Jews, thread; young men, fish hoob, or Mohammedans, English. The Lord sugar canes, or cash (German is melting hearts. Many have pro- marks), while men, 'Old and young, fessed conversion in smaller meet- brought matches, gun flints, baskets, ings held in the Protestant church. etc. Nearly all the gifts were wrap- A Jewish rabbi, formerly converted ped in plantain leaves, and it took and sprinkled, has asked to be im- a good-3ized wheel'barrow to carry mersed, and France and Algeria seem away the leaves after the bundles to be opened. were opened. More than five hun- dredseparate offerings were given R. SAILLENS, Paris, France.

Regenerating the Kongo Valley for foreign missions. A few kank In the middle of the last century constitute a fair day's wage for a Victor Hugo uttered that singular full-grawn African, and a great maprophecy that in the twentieth century jOrfty of these native Christians in " Africa would be the synosure of all Bululand are very poor. No Bulu eyes." At that time the continent was house has either a chair, table, or unexplored. Now, in the Kongo val- lamp. It means something for such lev alone-then an unknown district poor people t'O bring such an offer- '-::8 Protestant societies are work- ing for missions. ing with 40 stations and 300 out- REV. A. W. HALSEY, D.D.

stations. They have 180 mission- An African's Prayer aries, nearly 9,000 church-members.

and 2,000 in-classes preparing for That great FrenCh missionary, M.

church-membership. Perhaps the Coillard, once visiting the Ngonye grandest results are seen in the Falls, fell while scrambling over missionary spirit of the converted rocks, and rolled to the edge of the natives. There are nearly five times torrent. Being asked by a guide if as many native evangelists and teach- he had this time brou~ht an offering ers as there are missionaries. Nearly to the god of the Falls, the man was 22,000 pupils are in the mission distressed to hear that he had not schools, and 6,000 in the young peo- done so. As soon as they came in ple's societies. And yet there are sight of bhe Falls a second time, the those who think that missions do not guide threw himself down on a rock pay, altho it is as yet less than and in sincere and sorrowful tones thirty years since that Kongo valley prayed: "0 Nyambe, thou who inha'bitest was first opened to Christian effort. these abysses, appease thy wrath!

A Notable Thank-Offering at Elat. West l1hese white people are poor and . Africa have nothing to offer thee. If they had stuff -and beads, we would know o It was the great event of the it, and I would not hide it from thee. morning and was taken at rhe clo3e Nyambe, be not revengeful, do of the service. The people were not swallow them up; appease thy bidden to bring their -gifts to the wrath, Nyambe!" EUROPE Constantinople far from the district where doctors most congregate, ani A Change of Heart its work is already cut out for it. The enterprise is certain to render notable A Greek woman employed in the service to humanity from the start, American hospital in Turkey was if the modest support needed to put stirred by a revival. She straight- it into operation is forthcoming. way asked leave to visit a woman whom she 'had injured and to whom Christmas Gathering for Moslem Converts she had not spoken for ten years. When she trudged through the Twenty-eight men, women and snow three or four miles to ask her children were present altogether, "enemy's" forgiveness, her relatives and, whereas last year the women were sure she had gone daft. But were secluded by a curtain, they t'he next day, when she came back to were able this time to dispense with the hospital, she said: "We made that remnant of Moslem custom. peace, and the stone in my heart is One woman, quite recently afraid of gone." meeting with men (other than near relatives), overcame her fear and New Enterprise at Constantinople helped the lady missionary in dis- pensing the native tea to the men. One curious feature of social or- Besides reading from the Gospels ganization in Constantinople is the there was a lantern talk on Daniel. host of physicians inhabiting the up- At the close calico garments were per part of Pera, the European dis- distributed, and all left very happy trict of the city. Medicine appears and satisfied. During the day, the to be the only career open to educated neighbors, suspicious that someyoung men in that carefuIly restricted thing special was taking pl'ace, came country, and Pera is the only place for medicine, and under various prewhere a thoroughly ambitious or even texts tried to ascertain what was self-respecting physician can engage going on. The door was watched, in general practice. Consequently, and each visitor marked. Hymns other districts of the city are left to were sung quietly, and everything chance practitioners or to their inge- possible was done to try and prevent nuity in devising substitutes for the evil coming upon vhese disciples forbidden telephone, which will reach .from their Moslem enemies. the medical district of Pera in time for an emergency. Another singular Belgium Romanists Turning feature of the same situation is the lack of nurses, Many and many a Rev. A. Cadot,. an experienced patient in serious disease suffers and French pastor, has accepted the PoS!- . perhaps dies simply because a nurse tion of general evangelist for the wiIIing and able to carry out the doc- northern or Franoo-Belgium division t01-'s instructions can not be found. of the field. During the past year he has held numerous meetings among The Turk accepts this situation as a the churches, with many conversions. predestined affliction. It has remained At CharIeroy in Belgium the pastor for Americans to try to remedy the has baptized 10 new converts recentscarcity of nurses. The American Iy; at PeruweIz and Bernissart an Hospital and Training School for earnest spirit of prayer prevails. The Nurses in Constantinople has been effect of the revival of last spring incorporated under the laws of the abides and is evident paTticularIy in State of New York. William I ves the fervor of the young people. The Vashburn is president of the board of work at Lens is very encouraging; directors; Rev. Dr. George Wash- more than 100 have professed converburn, late president of Robert College, sion and 25 Roman Catholic families is vice-president. have come out and identified them- selves with the Protestants, This Hospital and School for Nurses wiII be located in a part of

A Great Revival in Norway with the teaching of the Church and Recent political changes in Nor- reviews of Biblical and Church hisway seem small beside the great re- tory from the papal standpoint. Protligious revival which rivals that in estantism is a "mask for the most Wales. Ten years ago, at a meet- monstrous multitude of special and ing of 1:he Salvation Army in Chi- individual error." Most important is the declaration that, tho civil marcago, Lunde, a young Norwegian sailor from Vanse, in the very south riage is "nothing but a formality preof the Scandinavian peninsula, was scribed by the law," and insufficient present. He was not specially im- for a Christian, yet "civil marriage pressed, but as he was leaving, a must be observed; for, altho no young woman laid a hand upon his sacrament, ,it serves to secure to the arm, and said: "God bless you. married couple and their children the Came again." The kind word led civil results of marital communitv. him to ask himself, "What is this Therefore the Church authority, as -a religion whic'h causes strangers to rule, will permit marriage only when be interested in a wandering sailor?" the steps prescribed by the civil law He returned to the meetings and have been taken"-a notable change in eventually confessed Christ. He did the attitude of the Roman Catholic not identify himself with the Army, Church.

'but went back to his seafaring life, Mr. Bergmann's Yiddish Translations and reappeared in the old home town five years later. He was grad- Marcus Bergmann's great work of ually led into evangelistic services, and Bible transJoatJion inaugurates an Dean Knudsen, now minister of ec- epoch. The Yiddish Old Testament, clesiastical affairs in Norway, proved prepared to meet the needs of the a warm friend. In Christiania he has Yiddish-speaking Jews of Eastern had 5,000 hearers at one time in the Europe, is now bound up with the largest hall, and the Lutheran bishop New Testament in the same vernacof the city has taken a deep interest in ular. Thus, for the first time in hishis work. Ministers of the state tory, are the whole oracles of God unchurch generally have welcomed his der one cover, and in a familiar lanrevival services, and invited personal guage can be put in the hands of the workers, who have seen something of Jewish people. Mr. Bergmann, so such meetings abroad, to come and aid far as funds permit, makes grants of in a work which, strange as it appears his translations for use in Russia.

to them, they feel to be of God. This Welsh Revival young sailor, Lunde, is as simple in Mainly on account of tJhe Welsh his ways and speech a3 Evan Roberts, revival, the statistics of the four and nothing outside of Wales com- great Welsh denominations show an pares with the work which is still in increase of 52,500 members.

progress in Norway. Prince Oscar ISLANDS OF THE SEA Bernadotte takes a deep personal in- Holy Rivalry in Giving terest in the revival.

The Pope's Compendium The heathen of the New Hebrides love plunder, and delight in fighting Pius X has issued a "Compendium with neighboring tribes. But the of Christian Doctrine," to teach "the Gospel works a transformation. In foundations of holy faith and the di- several villages on Panama Island vine truths according to which the there has been a happy rivalry to see life of eve1'y Christian ,is to be or- which church subscribed the most.

dered" anJ obligatory "for public and They proposed to build a church, and privHte instructnon in the diocese of a day was set apa:rt for contributions.

Rome and the Roman province." It The teachers of some of the villages is a volume of 413 pages. It deals made the excuse that the peop'le were

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 31I

waItIng to see what their neighbors little chapel, and always because gave. And that was indeed the rea- son! On the first day the village of white men came into the region, some Luli contributed £1.5s. On the fol- lowing Sunday the village of Liron- with some appearance of right, per- issa gave £2.5s., stimulated by the other village to give more. On the haps, and others without the least Sabbath following the people of Tahi, . prevailed upon by their teacher, Peter right. All had the same words for Toro, reached £4.2S. Id. Every per- son in that village gave, even an in- Setine: "Go farther away, higher up fant a fortnight old, who, says the teacher, Taro, dropped a 3d. piece in the valley; this land is good grazing the plate. Such liberality puts us to shame! ground for our cattle."

The Task in New Caledonia This time the order was from Nou- The' Paris Missionary Society has a mea, the capital. The missionary mission in New Caledonia, where are two missionaries and a number of de- went to plead for the poor natives, voted native teachers who have gone over from the Loyalty Islands to help but, broken hearted, had been forced carry the Gospel among the wild tribes. It is a terrible field, long a to write: "You will have to obey. convict station of France, and the shameless promi~cuity of the convicts Tear down your chapel and your cot- and their moral decadence was the sale influence white man exercised on tage; set a good example to the tribe." some of the tribes. For fifty years it has been worked by Roman Catholic "I did as you said," said Setine, missionaries in the towns without any teaching of the open Gospel. Liquor "and it made my heart bleed to pulI traffic, mining camps, and the French military garrrson all have aided in down what I had built in hope only a brutalizing the people. Last of all the Gospel has been brought to the year before. When the last posts ha d island. If it were not that it is the power ·of God, all work of recovery been torn down, my wife, strong up to and renewal would have been hope- less. As it is, resistance and diffi- that moment, began to sob and cry. culty form the daily bread of the mis- sionary and of many of the native I tried to comfort her, but she cried preachers. As an excample, we quote from the Paris Journal of Missions. out: 'No, I do not wish to be com- It is the missLonary who writes: forted! It isn't right! It is all un- One evening during the conference I had just let down the piece of just! Do you calI this the work of sacking which serves as a door to my hut when I heard a voice a:sking: God? What good has it alI done "M,ister, can I come in?" us?' I did not answer. 'Ah,' she "Come in, Setine." And one of the native preachers, squatting on the said, 'you do not wish to answer ! You matting, told me that five times he has been forced to build himself a new do not care to understand me! Speak hut, and several times to rebuild his up and answer! We will get into a fight about this. Then they will drive us out of this country, and we can go back to our home at Mare Island. There will we be at home and quiet, and no one will come and make us tear down our cottage.' "

Setine tried to quiet her. "Do you not remember what Job s;}Jid in his trouble? Shall we receive good from the hand of God and s,haH we not re- ceive evil ?"

But she would not be comforted.

'Dhen he carried some of the timbers from the house up the valley to the p1ace where the new cottage was to be built. So that the POOl[ woman's anger should pass, he waited until after nightfall, in hopes that she would go to sleep. .

"But," continued Setine, "she did not sleep. N or was she crying; she sat still in one place, her eyes fixed and her lips only moving.

"Late in the night, toward morn- ing, she touched my arm and said:

'Are you asleep? I want to speak to soldier could follow, and for years deyou. Forgive me. I was crazy and fied the British power, raiding the I spoke like a mad woman.' lowlands, and creating loss and de- vastation. In 1738 they were brought "The next morning we worked to- to terms, and a treaty granted them gether to carry the wreck of our cot- freedom, a land reserve, liberty to tage to our new place. But when grow coffee, ginger, tobacco, etc., and she saw the deso1ateness of the place, sell these without license-on condiamong boulders and brambles, she tion that they should all live together began to cry again with the despair on the reserve ,and be liable for miliof yesterday. And now, I have come tary service. In 1796 a section of to ask you to pray for my wife. I them rebelled, and were banished. 'am stronger, but she is weak; she Around Halifax, Nova Scotia, are lacks faith and is discouraged. She many descendants of these insurgent wants to go home to Mare. But you Maroons, now peacefully rearing and know very well that I can not leave selling fruit and vegetables. The the work of God in that way." other section is still on its reserve. A proposal has been made that the I understood this anguish" and Se- Maroons merge themselves in the tine and I knelt there and prayed for general popUlation, giving up their her who is becoming discouraged. pflivileges; in return, 1CXlO acres to be Friends of missions, pray for those in added to their reserve, which would the thick of the fight. be subdivided among the descendants of the original settlers. Missions at Grenada New Guinea At a concert on behalf of the Coolie Dr. Lawes writes: "The hills and Mission, the colonial secretary (gov- valleys of the interior, the mountain ernment administmtor) in the chair, ranges and broad plains, are all as eulogized the work of the mission: open to the missionary as Port "Great credit is due to the Church of Moresby when the first missionary Scotland for establishing that mis- landed there in 1873; and there is no sion, It has aIways appeared singu- missionary for them! Thousands lar that no effort was made to extend ready for the Gospel, and no Gospel the advantages of religion to these for them. Only little strips of coastpoor people, away fl10m their homes line have light; all the rest the darkin a far-distant Iand and to teach ness of night. Much land to be posthem in tlheir own tongue the bene- sessed, but few to go up to possess it." fits of Chl1istianity, until the Church of Scotland came forward to do so." AMERICA He bore testimony to the success of the work in connection with the East The Jew in New York Indians, in which the Church of Scotland on tlhis island is engaged. Two hundred and fifty years ago He a]ways welcomed any effort to en- Holland was the only powerful state courage that work. The testimony in Europe which tolerated the Jews. of a high official of government New Amsterdam in America was should prevail against criticism from their open door, and the two hundred irresponsible and often irrdigious and fiftieth anniversary of the s,ettlemen and women. This mission is ment of the first Jews on Manhattan maintained at very little cost-last Island was lately celebrated by the year a:t £200. Jewish colony, which now counts its population on Manhattan Island by Developments at Jamaica the hundred thousand and its wealth by the hundred million. Shearith At Acoompong, in Jamaica, the Israel, the oldest congregation, built population consists of the descend- its first synagog in the United States ants of the Spanish freed slaves. Those "Maroons" betook themselves :to the "Cockpit" country, where no

GENERAL MISSIONARY

in 1730, and an imposing celebration krishna, whom the Vedantists call was held December 2 in its stately "Master" and who inspired them temple in West Seventieth Street. with the propagandist impUlse.

One hundred years ago there were Swami Triflunatita, the prie5t, less than five hundred Jews in town. was educated III Calcutta, and was They began to come f'fom Germany selected for this mission, the first in in increasing numbers about 1825, the Western world. He has 50 fal- and in 1881 Russia, Rumania, and lowers, and boasts many more "ad- Galicia began to empty their ghettos mirers" and "inquirers," both Ro- into New York tenements. Three- manist and Protestant. He is a fifths of the students in the City Col- taking man, like most of the Hindu lege (for boys) and the Normal Col- speakers, and presents his cause in lege (for girls) are Russo-Jewish im- a very plau.3ible way, talking of the migrants 'Or their children, while the Vedas as the oldest existing litera- percentage in penal institutions is ture, and claiming that the best scarcely wor~h mentioning. The teachings of Christ are borrowed twelve great J erwish charities of the from the Gita, written 2,000 years city dispense about $1,150,000 annu- before his birth. He even insists ally. Their children avemge 2.9 per ,~at during the unrecorded blank in family, against 2.54 for Roman his life Christ "Was in India, getting Catholics and 1.85 for Protestants in his education for his life work! Truly New York. The ma-rriage rate is ex- the end of Eastern impudence and ceptionally high and the death rate arrogance is not yet reached.

Jow. 100.000 poor Jews marching in A Notable Convert solemn procession through the East Side in memory of tlheir massacred A remarkable conversion has 'Occountrymen in Russia, and the mil- curred in Schenectady, N. Y. The lion-dollar relief fund collected for preacher was th·e Rev. W. J. Dawson, the relief 'Of the sufferers abroad, fur- the English evangelist who himself, nish impressive evidence of the num- while pastor of a fashionable Congrebers and wealth which freedom and ~tional church in London, experi- ~hrift have given to the Jew in Amer- enced change in his whole life and Ica. ministry, which led him to give up his North American Indians church for the work 'Of evangelism.

"The Indians are becoming thrifty The convert is Prof. Edward Everlandholders, reliable Christian citi- ett Hale, Jr., son of the distinguished Unitarian who is now chaplain 'Of the zens, devoted and sincere followers of Senate. Praf. Hale is professar of the Lard Jesus Christ . . , They rhetaric in Union College, and the are progressive, thriving, self-respect- story 'Of his conversion as told by himing men and women who can point self is certainly 'One of the most reto the Ohurch and school as the pow- marNable on record and will become er thraugh the blessing of God which a classic document in the literature of has transformed a savage into a use- conversion. That such a highly inful citizen." tellectual man, so deeply rooted in The Firat Hindu Fane in America Unitarianism, should experience suc'h Was dedicated, in December last, in a change of heart toward Jesus San Francisco, by Swami Triguna- Christ as publicly to take up His cross tita, for the propagation of Hindu- and follow Him, is a canvincing ism. It is called the Vedanta Mis- proof and exhibition of 1!he power of sion, will accommodate about one His Gospel and the presence and hundred and fifty, and bears the in- mighty working of His Spirit. Prof.

.3cription over its entrance, "May the Hale simply pmyed, and then obeyed Absolute Bless All." Back of the his conviction of duty, until he found rostrum is an oil portrait of Rama- his way into the full light. He has

connected himself with the Presby- the "Woman's Union Missionary So- terian Church. "Thus a Unitarian ciety." The next interest was in was converted in a Methodist church Hany-ang, China, for 'a bed in a hos- by a Congregationalist into a Presby- pital, and also for work among the terian." Jews in Brownsville and Williams- Growth of Mission Study burg. Two Bible women were next Within the past nine months fully assumed in South Afric.a, then work 125,000 mission study text-books have among the mountain whites in Tenbeen sold and used bv students in nessee. A leper man and boy in some 400 colleges and universities China and Mandalay were the next dnd by classes made up of women interests, then work among our North dnd young people of every Christian Amerioan Indians. The Japanese denomina tion. soldiers oame in for a share of gifts, and last a mission in Portugal. The MISCELLANEOUS collection is taken only once a month, Woman's Union Missionary Society, New and only nine months of the year are York represented for individual Christian The forty-fifth anniversary of the service in giving. The figures may Woman's Union Missionary Society be thus given of work ever on the inwas held in Februarj, six of its mis- crease and never discontinued: sionaries being present on furlough. First year's col1ection….. $97.88 Miss May, Miss Todd, and Miss Second year's collection… IIo.65 Mudge gave graphic descriptions of Third year's collection…. I I I. 78 their work in the zenanas ,and orphan- Fourth year's collection… 171.52 ages of India, where native workers Fifth year's collection… . . 20I. IS are being trained for service to their Sixth year's collection….. 288.74 own countrywomen. Two others pre- Seventh year's collection.. 307.24 sented the school and evangelistic Eighth year's colIection. . . 346 . 75 work in China, the latter largely the result of varied service in the Mar- Total. …..•…… $1,635.71 garet Wimamson Hosprtal in Shang- Appeal of the American Bible Society hai, the first for women in that sec- tion of the empire, organized by Dr. $IO,ooo is needed to issue the Ara- Elizabeth Reifsnyder in 1884. She, bic Scniptures. The close connec- with her colleagues and staff, treated tion between the Bible Society and more than 48,000 patients in a year, Foreign Missions is shown by this ap- and 100 neighboring villages 'are peal. The Bible Society is suffering open to evangelists. Dr. Reifsnyder's the shrinkage of support, and matters birtJhday was celebrated at the anni- have reached a crisis.

versary, and she is returning to China, Dr. H. H. Jessup, the veteran mis- accompanied by 'a sister as a volun- sionary, writes from Beirut that al- tary assistant. Miss Strain spoke on ready 47,000,000 pages of Scriptures her work in Japan, the mission being have been printed and the demand is founded by her grandmother, Mrs. increasing. A new press and engine Samuel Pruyn. have been added, but the Bible So- Miss Edith H. May, at the close of ciety is so compelled to cut down ap- the meeting, gave remarlmble facts propriations as to haIt 1ihe whole en- in connection with the "Life Line terprise. He asks: "Has 1Jhe Church Mission," in BrookJlyn, composed of at home lost interest in the Arabic dock J.aborers, sailors, 'and many hard- Bible just when the demand is great- working men and women. On March est and the ma'chinery is ready to 28, 1897, its first missionary meeting print, bind and ship it?" The Mos- was held for the 'regions beyond.' lem people are receiving the Arabic The first money was sent to Allaha- Bible gladly, and now comes the halt.

bad, Indi'a, for a Bible woman, under The work of issuing the ScrJptures is

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 31

the common work of all bmnches of ·"Dr. Barnardo added that he him- the Christian Church, Presbyterians, self had in days gune by bought chil- Congregationalists, Episcopalians, Re- dren in order to rescue them. Such a formed, Baptists, Methodists, and all step has not been needful of late years, who believe and love the Bible. owing to changes jn the law, which Home Work. Y. M. C. A. enabled him to get possession of such children by better methods. The finest army Y. M. C. A. building in the world is to be erected at "Sometimes Dr. Barn'aroo received Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, the offers of large sums of money from largest military post in the United persons who were desirous of his re- States. It is a gift of an unnamed ceiving their children into his homes woman, and it will cost $45,000. without lasking any questions.

"'A lady on one occasion came to .. Down in Water Street" Stepney in her carriage. A child was in it. I graruted her an inter- The thirty-third anniversary of view, and she 1aid down five £100 the Jerry McAuley Mission, 316 notes, saying 'they were mine .jf I Water Street, N. Y., was observed in would take the child and ask no January. With thankfulness we note questions. I dtd not take the child. that no previous year has been so suc- Again, a well-known peer of the cessful and fruitful. The report is realm once sent his footman here a thrilling account of a work which, with £100, asking me to take the footfor apostolic simplicity, true evangel- man's son. No. The footman icity, and self-sacrificing love for could support his child. Gold and souls, is nowhere surpassed. In that silver 'Will never open my doors unmission the old Bible is held in rever- less there is real destitution.' ence, and there is no uncertain sound in the Gospel there preached. It is a "'It is for the homeless,' 5aid the place where fishers of souls catch doctor, 'the actually destitute, that we men and the outcasts find Christ. It open our doors day and night, withought to be called "Bethesda," for the out money 'and without price.' "

healing 'waters are there, and the A Tribute to Woman's Work worst go there 'and find the great Dr. Charles L. Thompson, in speak- Physician.

Hiring Babies ing of the Woman's Board of Home Dr. Barnardo, who died in London Missions (Pres.) says, summing up on September 20, had many curious the permanent results of twenty-five experiences. years of educational work of the Woman's Board, "it has prepared the "To same one who once asked if he way for the organization of I IO could 'hire infants' or 'borrow in- churches; out of this work have fants,' he rep!.ied, 'Yes; and buy them, grown the Pre9byteries of Utah, and too.' French Board, N. C, ,and Alaska, and the majority of the churches compos- " 'I know of several lodging-houses where I could hire a baby from fourpence to a shilling a day. The pret- ing the Synod of New Mexico. In tier the child is, the better; should it Alaska 15 mission stations have been happen to be 'a cripple, or possessing established, supplied with the preach~ particularly thin mms and frace, it is ing of the Gospel, and all of that work always worth a shilling. Little girls is now 'supported by the Woman's always demand a higher price than Board. Over 200 chapels and school- boys. I knew of one woman-her houses have been built, the total esti- supposed husband sells chickweed mated value of which is $919,535."

and groundsel-who has oarried a The WIOmen of the Foreign Mis- baby eJCactly the same size for the Iast sionary Society of the Methodist nine or ten years!' Episcopal Church have passed the

half-million mark in their gifts to termost part of the earth." His last mIssIons. words may well be our first thought.

Freedmen Biddie Univenity REV. ARCH. G. BROWN.

Mr. Andrew Carnegie has given Two Signs of Growth $12,500 to Biddle University, Char- lotte, N. C, under the (Presb.) Freed- The American Board since 1810 men's Board, for a library. The w.ork has sent out a total of 20470 missionof building will be begun shortly. The aries, an average of 25 a year; of institution is doing splendid work for whom 967 were men (740 ordained), the negro. and 1,503 women (942 wives and 561 unmarried). The number of native Destitution in Cities workers has increased during the last decade from about 1,000 to 4, lOO. There is not one English-speaking Congregational Church on the East A Noble Musionary Record Side of New York City below 141st street, except the Camp Memorial, The Society of Friends in Great whose, character is missionary, and Britain is among the least of all the whose resources 'are very ,imrted. ecclesiastical bodies for numbers, hav- Here is a problem of need which New ing an adult membership of only York Congre~ationalislts ought to about 18,000, but is represented in the solve at once. foreign field by no less than 131 men and women. Of these, 36 are work- The Missionary Cause ing in India (Central Provinces), 24 in Madagascar, 13 in Syria, 24 in Chi- To commend obedience to a com- na (Sz-chuan Province), and 13 in mand borders upon an insult to the Ceylon. Besides these there are 10 Commander-in-Chief. It is not with- in Pemba, and I I in Constantinople, in the province of the churches to de- Bombay, and elsewhere, under other termine whether they will "take up" organizations. With these are assomissionary ell'terpr:ise or leave it ciated 787 native workers; members, alone. By their attitude toward this 20496; adherents, 15,408, and memgreat struggle for Christ's Kingdom bers of Sunday-schools, 7,145. They they judge themselves. There is no have a total of 13,094 in their various truer or more searohing test of the schools, and have had 1,056 from rea1ity of professed spiritual life than these schools unite with the church. the missionary one. It determines They have 9 hospitals and dispensawhether the aJwfulness of s.in is a doc- ries, and treated lO,629 patients last trine received into the heart or quietly year. Their largest missionary workignored. It accurately measures the ing force is in India, but by hI' the constraining power of the love of largest membership is in Madagascar. Christ within the soul. It manifests the place whioh Ithe cross of Christ Literature for Musionafte. has in the life. It tells eX<activ how far the Church is in living unioi1 with Since its inception in 1894, the Misits Lord, and not a mere religious sionary Literature Association has club. The absence of missionary zeal made encouraging progress year by means the want of one of fhe Spirit's year. A few facts concerning its degreatest credentials. A Gospel of the velopment and present undertakings grace of God-a Gospel of an atoning will be of interest to all who are desacrifice–a Gospel of eternal glory sirous of seeing this larger service for all who believe in the Son of God rendered to those who are in many -a Gospel which has saved us, must cases cut off from the association and be a Gospel to be proclaimed to every fellowship of Christians. creature. The last words our Savior uttered on earth were: "The ut- There are 439 missionaries on the register, who are regularly in receipt of religious periodicals. Much of this literature is supplied through 100

MISSIONARY

branches formed in connection with Church House, London, dUfling Lent. C. E. Societies. During eight years, Subjects: Thursday, March I, "The 400,375 periodicals have been dis- Faith of Christ and the Other Religpatched at the estimated value of 12,- ions of the W orId," the Bishop of 759, and, in addition, thousands of Derry. March 8, "Missionary Methtracts, sermons, etc., have been sent. ods," the Bishop of St. Albans. March Fourteen libraries have been establish- IS, "Objections and Criticisms," the ed at various mission stations, and Bishop of Birmingham. March 22, Rev. W. R. Kirby recently received '"Missionary Progress up to 1700 a complete set of Rev. F. B. Meyer's A.D.," the Bishop of Bristol. March books from a lady who is deeply inter- 29, "Missionary Progress in the Eighested in this needful work; the Asso- teenth and Nineteenth Centuries," ciation has also sent Mr. Kirby Bishop Ingham. April 5, "The Presanother 50 volumes as the basis of a ent and Future Outlook," Bishop library at Bopolo, Kongo Free State. Montgomery.

The Association proposes to estab- A New and Good Idea lish another 50 free libraries, at a total cost of iI,OOO, and a special appeal is The minister of Rattray holds once made for means to meet this and other a year "a servi>Ce of intercession for needs. Pathetic appeals come in friends abroad." He enumerates the weekly from missionaries in all lands. places whither friends, relatives, and The latest is from Rev. R. Spurgeon, former members of the congregation Bengal, India, who says: "I should had gone (and the list ranges from like some stimulating reading. I China to Peru), then in prayer comcould take it out with me in tent or mends them to the grace, guidance, native hut, and get something to re- and protection of God. An address lieve the tension of a heathen atmos- follows, and the collection taken durphere. As far as I know, this is the ing the service is devoted to the funds most isolated of our missions in In- of the Colonial Mission. dia."-Landan Christian. Money and Missions They Argue Only With Themselve, There is a continual and urgent ap- "I must needs say," wrote Ziegen- peal for funds to carryon the Lord's balg, "that notwithstanding this peo- work, and it is appalling to think of ple be led away by a world of errors the enormous sums wasted on trifles. and delusions, they nevertheless give at times so pertinent answers in mat- A contemporary records that two ters of religion as perhaps I should ladies, whose names are given, have never have thought on. Some of arranged ,to spend from i30,000 to our learned in Europe have writ en- i40,000 each upon "a London season tire books upon methods and ways of notable splendor and lavish exof converting the heathen; but pendhure." An estimate of the items they all this while argue with them- is given, and in one of these two oases selves only. Should they come to a "actual en~erta:ining" is set down as closer converse with the pagans, costing from i8,000 to· i1O,ooo. they would not find them so desti- Amidst such a vision of sinful luxury tute of arguments as we imagine. one is haunted by the pallid face of They are able to baffie, now and "Lazarus at the gate," and thinks of then, one proof alleged for Chris- the ultimate and solemn audit of this tianity by ten brought in against it." abuse of wealth in a city which has its huge army of the famishing. Missionary Lectures Church Union or Confederation The committee of the United Boards of Missions have arranged for Incorporate union of Churches has a course of lectures concerning for- been accomplished in recent times in eign missions, to be delivered at the Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Scotland, and

probably OIthers will soon be wit- The World's Population nessed. Meantime the idea of the The London Tablet publishes a Confederation, with a view to certain statistical table, according to which objects of common action, is regarded the total number of nominal Chris- with growing favor. tians in the world is about 550,000,- Important Articles in Current Miasionary 000; of Confucians and ancestor wor- Maguines shipers, 253,000,000; of Brahmins, 210,000,000; of Mosletns, 202,000,- There are many tokens that the 000; Buddhists, 120,000,000; of fetish next development in mission methods and spirit worshipers, 145,000,000 ; is to take the form of an extension of ofTaoists, 32,000,000; Shintoists, 17,- Industrial missions. The Baptist Mis- 000,000; Jews, 11,000,000; old Indian sionary Magazine for March is largely religions, 12,000,000; and other religdevoted to this subject. The articles ions, 3,000,000. This makes a total are short, but useful to anyone desir- of about 1,550,000,000 population, ous of understanding the need and the nearly half of whom are monotheists. beginnings of its supply. In the Assembly Herald for March OBITUARY "A decade in the Kamerun Interior," The death of J. A. Elliott in India by Melvin Fraser, gives a striking is deeply lamented. He was univer- picture of progress in this German sally loved, and a peculiarly guileless colony in West Africa. man. Among Indian missionaries "A Pagan Festival among the Ba- he stood unique, and it was pro- sutos" in the Paris Journal of Mis- verbi'al that there 'was "but one Elli- sions, is a realistic description by Rev. ott." He knew the people of Oudh H. Dieterlen of the initiation festival and Rohikund as no other did, and by which Basuto boys are transformed planned and built every building in into men-and confirmed in Pagan- the Fairzabad station. For twenty- ism. The article is worth translating. three years he worked among the In the Church Missionary Intelli- same people till he was better known gencer for February, Rev. W. A. and more infllJential than the gover- Rice racily sets forth "The difficulty nor of the province. His last legacy of dealing with Orientals." The arti- – to the people was his Itihad-ul-ana- cle is illuminated by some curious epi- jil (Harmony of the Gospels). He sodes of missionary work al1}ong Mo- was a soldier's son, and carried into hammedans in India. "A Mission his holy work a soldier's spirit-abso- High School in Kashmir," by Mr. lute loyalty to his great Captain.

Tyndale Briscoe, brightly shows the In December, Babu Bipin Bihari scope of the influence of an educa- Dutt, superintendent of the station at tional missionary who understands his Mohanad, Bengal, died much la- pupils and his duty. mented. He was baptized in 1883, India's Women, the organ of the having, while yet a student in Church of.England Zenana Missionary one of the Hindu colleges, become Society, has in its February number a attracted to Christianity. He com- startling view of the position assigned pleted his studies at Duff College in to Hindu women by the catechism 1885. In 1890 he was made head taught in modern Hindu schools for master of the high school, and four girls. "The Duties of a Hindu wife" years after superintendent of all the is the title of the article, written by work at the staltion. He had much Eleanor M. Sampson. knowledge also of medicine, and A well illustrated and interesting opened a small dispensary, and was article, packed with information on very successful with patients. He was "The Dyaks in Borneo," is the main so busy preaching, teaching, and dis- feature of the Mission Field (S.P.G.) pensing that he had scarce leisure at for February. times so much as to eat. BOOK REVIEWS THE PASSION FOR SOULS. Rev. J. H. Jow- ett, M.A. Fleming H. Revell Co., New ALL ABOUT JAPAN. By Miss Belle M. Brain. York. I2mo, I25 pp. Illustrated. Izmo. 75 cents, net. Flem- ing H. Revell Company. I905. Here are seven brief chapters from The history of the Sunrise King- one of the most gifted pens of our dom is here given in a concise and day, on a vita! theme, and by one of entertaining form, well adapted for the choicest spirits of the Church use in Junior Endeavor Societies of Christ. Mr. Jowett writes of the and children's missionary meetings. "Disciple's Theme," his "Sacrifice,"

The author first treats of the his "Tenderness," his "Watching for country and people in general. Souls," his "Companion," his "Rest,"

Then follow' chapters on: "Little his "Vision." All these paragraphs Talks in Sunrise Land," "Old are pervaded by the author's person- Japan, with Its Mythological ality, written in sympathetic ink, which Shadows," "Japan's Emergence," is of the color of blood, and has the "The Stones of Palo and Pinto," glisten of tears. Out of it could be and" New Japan, with Her Seven- selected a small volume of spiritual league Boots Coming to the Front a,pothegms, such as these: as a World Power," "Earlier Mis- "As soon as we cease to bleed, we sions Under Xavier, with the Suc- cease to bless." We live by admiration, cesses of the Roman Catholics and hope and love." "What does the an- Late Persecutions," and "Prot- gier say to men? Keep out of sight!

estant Missions," in which Drs. Cultivate a mood of cheeriness and Verbeck and Hepburn are given praise. Study the fish. Learn from' the prominence which rightly be- other fishermen. To take a trout early longs to them. The story of Nee- gives one heart." "We must get the sima is also told in a most attract- doubt-wrinkles out of our prayers." "In the golden age, emphasis is to be ive way. The closing chapters deal with given to the spiritual."

Japan's two recent wars (that with THE OPEN CHURCH FOR THE UNCHURCHED, China and that 'with Russia), in which Christian work among the or How to Reach the Masses. By Rev.

J H. McCulloch. Introduction by Bishop Hendrix, who says: soldiers is emphasized; and, finally, the successes of the Gospel dur- "This interesting book is like the ing the last decade. letters of a war correspondent. It is There are a few inaccuracies in a picture of the firing line. Great the volume. Half a dozen mis~ commanders are seen illustrating what spelled Japanese words in the chap- is called the secret of war: 'Know ter, " A Little Lesson in Japanese," your geography and fight your men.'

would seem to indicate that the We can here both see the plan of bat- proof-reader was not familiar with tle and hear the words of command."

the Japanese language. Other Whether the reader accepts all the po- statements, such as those in regard sitions of the writer or not matters to bells tied about the children's little. This is a book of hints, both waists, their hardly ever crying or theoretical and practical, on one of being naughty, etc., are not quite the most absorbing topics of the day.

true to life. It is a discussion of that great prob- It is quite remarkable that one lem which with three others consti- who has never visited Japan should tute the perplexing question5 of the have been able to produce a book age. He who can tell us how to get giving so good an all-round and the people to church, how to suppress substantially accurate view of the drink, how to grapple with lust, and country and its people, as well as how to reconcile capital and labor, will of missionary work. prove himself a prince among states-. men. Here the reader will see how CHINA AND HER PEOPLE. In two vols. Duod. others are trying to meet and solve By Hon. Charles Denby, LL.D. Thirthe first of these problems. A reading will well repay any Christian pas- teen years U. S. Minister to China. tor or worker. Boston. L. C. Page & Co. 1906.

IN THE LAND OF THE NORTH. The Evangel- No one who has followed Dr. Den- ization of the Jews in Russia. By Sam- by's career in the Orient, and read his uel Wilkinson. London. Marshall Bros. Keswick House. ,3S. 6d. 1906. pen productions, will need be urged to Whatever Mr. Wilkinson writes it get and read these books. He was colis safe for any man or woman to buy onel of a regiment in the Civil War, and read and circulate. He always writes with a purpose, and hits his and, without any diplomatic training, target in the bull's eye. Just now there so discharged his duties, as Minister is a peculiar timeliness in any book to the Chinese Empire, that through that intelligently treats of the Russian Jews, whose awful and appalling per- three presidential terms and part of secution and massacre have compelled a fourth, and without regard to change the attention of the world. Half the total Jewish population of the globe of administration at home, or the bitstill may be found in the Northern terness of partisan politics, he was Empire. Mr. Wilkinson knows of what he writes, and gives much valua- kept at his post. This unique fact is ble information about this oppressed people, "the miracle of history and enough to prove how generally his the history of miracle." He discusses capacity and fidelity was recognized. their place in ancient prophecy and modem history; their temporal and Such a man is likely to know that spiritual state, and what is done and which he writes of; and his thirteen should be done for their uplifting and years in the Celestial Empire have saving. yielded fruit, in part, in these two vol- IN SALISBURY SQUARE. By Irene H. Barnes. London. Church Missionary Society. umes of about 500 pages in the aggre- 1906. gate. We have not found yet a dull page. There are 36 chapters, and as This is an outline history of the many fine illustrations. Here are disbuilding in which the work of this cussed matters concerning the imperforemost Missionary Society is execu- ial city and family; civil and social tively carried on. It is the engine and customs, arts, language, law, civil serboiler-room of the great missionary vice; the position of women, matters ship. Every part of this building is political, domestic, commercial, diplosacred. It is the- home of prayer and matic; questions of trade and foreign praise, the place of conference among policy, etc. The Boxer uprising and the executive officers and friends of the thrilling history connected therethe work, and of farewell meetings with is well treated; but most of all with outgoing missionaries. These 240 we have an intelligent Christian statespages treat of the building, its por- man's mature convictions as to the trait gallery, library, museum, treas- value and success of Christian misury, home and foreign offices, pub- sions. We have had many occasions lishing department, etc., and is adorn- to quote Col. Denby's words before ed with eighteen illuminating illustra- in these pages; and this work from his tions. pen is a priceless tribute to the power of missions in the great Eastern Em- pire. Many valuable hints are inci- dentally dropped as to the way in which larger results may be secured. Col. Denby has the vision of the seer.

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1903

AMMAL

God's Christmas gift to the American Methodis t Episcopal l1 ission at :Iadras. India ISee page 896 Missionary Review of the World Old Series ( j New Series VOL. XXVI. No. 12 f DECEMBER I VOL. XVI. No. 12 THE INDEBTEDNESS OF MISSIONS TO THE ~ MYSTICS BY THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF That prince of preachers, Dr. Alexander Maclaren, of Manchester, England, has laid the whole Church under tribute by his masterly address, delivered at Edinburgh, in 1901, on .• Evangelical Mys- ticism." * With that authority that comes of a long life, unmarred by any unwise or unsound utterance needing recall or even regret, this master of the British pulpit ventures to defend what is good and great in that mysticism which so many condemn but so few really understand. Acknowledging that the brand of suspicion and disreputeis upon the very word" mysticism," Dr. Maclaren argues that its controlling principle is not only evangelical, but central to all truest and highest Christian faith and life-namely, the direct nnion and communion of the Spirit of God and the spir£t of man. The doctrine of the New Testament on this subject is unmistakable, and is embraced in three particulars: First, the imparting of Divine Life to the believer by the Spirit, in regeneration; second, the indwelling of the Spirit of Life in the believer, for sanctification and assimilation to God; and, third, the outworking of the Spirit through the believer, for a new manifestation of God to man.

As Dr. Maclaren contends, the imperfect reflection of light in a mirror does not imply any lessening of the glory of the light itself; and the fact that mystics have run to extremes and sometimes into grave errors, must not discredit whatever of real truth and high spiritual attainment may be properly found in mysticism. Francis Bacon long since reminded us of the radins r~flectns, radius refractus, and radius directus, and how often the direct ray is reflected from a distorted mirror, or refracted-bent out of its true course by a defective medium.

Mysticism is the name given to the doctrine and belief that man may attain to an immediate, direct consciousness or knowledge of God * Presidential address at the autumn assembly of the Baptist Unions of Great Britain and Ireland, October 9, 1901.

as the real and absolute principle of all truth, and, in Him, of all vital Divine truth. The mystics emphasized methods, meditative and intuitive, rather than theological, definitive, and scholastic. Coleridge, Thomas Taylor, Bronson Alcott, and others of this school, held that truth is gained by a mode of faith and intuition; others that it is by a fixed supernatural channel, such as the Word of God, the Church, the Sacraments; others, like the Friends, Quietists, etc., by an immediate action of God on the human mind. Dr. R. A. Vaughan makes mysticism to involve particularly the internal manifestation of the Divine to the intuition, or in the feeling, of the secluded soul.* Definitions do not always define; but it is plain that, behind all these terms and phrases, lies one dominant idea-that of a knowledge of God derived from spiritual contact, and making possible a more direct communion. And what is that in sub:;tance but the restatement of our Lord's most precious promise in John xiv: 23? When He was asked: "How is it that Thou wilt manifest Thyself unto us and not unto the world?" He answered: " If a man love Me, he will keep My words, and My Father will love him, and We will come unto him, and make Our abode with him." In other words, the mode of such manifestation to a loving and obedient soul is by a personal Divine coming alld indwelling. This mode of manifestation is one which the world can not receive, conceive, nor perceive.t It can not appeal to the natural faculties, the perceptions of the senses, the conceptions of the mind, nor the receptions of the natural will. It belongs to a higher plane. And it follows that in proportion as even the disciple is worldly minded, this mode of manifestation, revelation of God within, is hindered if not prevented. If so, then this whole matter will be misrepresented and misunderstood by those who are not spiritually minded. The true judges in this court of appeal must be those who are trained in the school of the Spirit.

Dr. Maclaren sums up the truth of evangelical mysticism briefly as being "the direct communion of the human with the Divine Spirit, the actual communication of a new life-principle from Jesus Christ, and the reciprocal indwelling of Christ in the Christian and of the Christian in Christ." He well adds that that deep saying of our Lord's, "I am the vine, ye are the branches," contains it all. That parable of the new life few have ever grasped. To vine and branch there are one soil, one sap, one root, one fruit, one nature, one nurture. They are organically one. There are seven words about which the whole teaching revolves-vine, branch, fruit, abide, ask, love, joy; and the central word is ABIDE. Botany reveals an actual interabiding of branch and vine: the fibers of each penetrate the other and interlock. Nothing in the branch is its own. Its life flows from the vine, and every leaf bud, fruit blossom, and fruit cluster are the sap of the *" Hours with the Mystics." Vol 1., Book 1, Chapter Ill., page 21. l' John xiv: 17.

THE INDEBTEDNESS OF MISSIONS TO THE MYSTICS

vine coming to the surface and manifesting itself to the senses. Of our life Ohrist may say, "it is my life," as of our love and joy, it is "my love" and "my joy." Here is the central secret of the dis- ciple's whole deepest experience. Ohrist is revealed, not only to Him, as a crucified and risen Savior, but in him, as an indwelling presence and power. A revelation of Christ to the soul brings justification, but only a revelation of Christ in the whole being brings to its loftiest plane either sanctification of character or preparation for service. In this sense John and Paul were the foremost leaders in the school of evangelical mysticism. John's first epistle is but an expansion in five chapters of that one verse in the Gospel, already quoted, and of seven words in John xiv: 20-"YE IN ME AND I IN yOU." Paul gives noble expression to this great truth in that brief passage which Bengal calls "Summa ac med1ella 01lrz'stianismi": "I through the law am dead to the law, that I might live unto God. I am crucified with Ohrist: nevertheless I live; yet not I, but Ohrist liveth in me: and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and gave Himself for me." Galatians ii: 19, 20.

Dr. Maclaren laments that this Scriptural mysticism does not more pervade modern preaching. The Word of God teaches us that the Christ life is to be the new element of our regenerated being. An element is that of which two apparently contradictory things may be said: it lives in us and we live in it. The atmosphere is our element; for the ail' must be in us or we have no life, and we must be in the air or we can not sustain that life. So the fish is in the water and yet the water is in the fish, and the iron is in the fire while the fire is in the iron. So Ohrist is in us and we in Him, abiding; and while the Spirit is in us we are in the Spirit.* No legitimate interpretation can evade this teaching. '1'here is between God and the true ,believer a " blending of being," tho without loss of personality. Our Lord gave highest expression to this in His intercessory prayer-" As Thou, Father, art in me, and I in Thee, that they also may be one in us." t If this truth does not penetrate preaching, not merely in words but in spirit, the core of preaching is not there. The New Birth from above loses its real meaning i.f it be not the breathing into man of this Divine IMe. Ohristian growth loses its true significance if it be not that life more and more asserting itself, and energizing character and conduct. Prayer loses half its charm if it be not that Life receiVIng new supplies of vital power from its Divine source. What means that phrase, in Chri8t, which is th& key to every epistle in the New Testament, and which is the most dominant phrase in the whole Bible, suggesting that faith makes Ohrist the new sphere of the believer's being, within which he finds every blessing, justification and preservation, * Romans viii: 9, t John xvii: 21.

sanctificatiDn, and sati;factiDn, cDmpleteness, cDnquest, equipment, glDry!

Dr. Maclaren calls attentiDn tD the lack .of emphasis lIpDn these truths in mDdern .preaching and teaching, and even religiDus literahue. WithDut being denied, they are neglected, Dr, if stated, apDIDgetically, .often hesitatingly, Dr, if nD WDrse, withDut the backing .of intense cDnvictiDn. Risk .of fanaticism is nDt SD seriDus as the WDrse risk .of a degenerate type .of preaching. The fear .of distDrtiDn Dr disprDpDrtiDn ShDUld nDt betray us intD silence .on such themes, Dr a virtual perversiDn .of the GDspel. Paul's bDast was that he had kept back nothing that was prDfitable to .others.

The relatiDn .of evangelical mysticism tD missions is already apparent. Whatever robs preaching .of pDwer strikes a fatal blow at evangelization at home and abroad. The man is fit neither for a minister Dr a missionary who, for any reason, does not give due prominence tD such truths as a divinely imparted Life, an inwardly revealed Christ, an indwelling and inworking Spirit. Preaching is nDt picking .out here and there SDme pretty mottD from Scripture tD hDld up in the pulpit like a flower in a buttDnhDle, Dr seleCting here and there some striking truth; it is declaring the whole cDunsel of God. Dr. R. W. Dale, in the long sickness that laid him aside fDr a time SOme years befDre his death, reviewed his ministry and nDted especially where it had been lacking in its range .of testimony, and in resuming his pulpit sought tD give prDper emphasis tD previously neglected truths. The Bible, like the Land .of PrDmise, is given tD be pDssessed as a whDle. We are tD march thrDugh the length and breadth of it, and make it all .our .own. Yet hDW many of us., like the unfaithful peDple .of GDd, never gD up to pDssess it all, but content ourselves with a narrDW strip lying near where we first entered!

But where preaching lacks sllch deep Scripture teaching, the defect is further back, in experMnce. Christ is not revealed within. There is not this mutual abiding. There is nD true walk in the Spirit. While a man lives a fleshly, wDrldly, unspiritual life, or, like the Corinthians, is essentially carnal, he may be saved, because he built upon Christ crucified as the foundatiDn; but how can such a carnal disciple build upon that foundation anything but wDod, hay, stubble? NDthing gives to preaching a true tone but a holy life. He who is a temple of GDd and hallows even His bDdy as the shrine .of the Holy Spirit can not but preach these truths. They come -tD his lips almDst unconsciously and unbidden. If any .of us are not teaching these truths we may well hear that searching questiDn Christ put tD Nicodemus: "Art thou a master .of Israel, and knDwest nDt these things? "-a questiDn that George Whitefield IDng after repeated to his fellow ministers.

Because these truths SD intimately CDncern and pDwerfully affect preaching and living, they must vitally affect missiDns. And it is most

noticeable that with0ut one known exception the men and women that have carried most power in mission fields have been, in the sense above used, evangelical mystics. The whole history of missions proves this. In every land where Gospel triumphs have been won, God has illustrated the mighty power of these truths, and of men who felt them and lived in them. It will suffice simply to name a few of them.

Christian Frederick Schwartz and George Bowen' in India; David Livingstone, 'Villiam Johnson, and General Gordon in Africa; James Gilmonr in Mongolia; J. Hudson Taylor and Griffith John in China; Adoniram .J ndson in Bnrma. These are illustrations of the power of these higher truths to transform the life and give power to the testimony. But, to take a wider look, it was the strong grip on these truths that made Jonathan Edwards and Adoniram Gordon seraphic preachers; Charles G. Finney and Dwight L. Moody mighty evangelists; Charles Simeon, Charles H. Spurgeon, Robert Murray McCheyne, and William Arnot the anointed tongues of Great Britain. One has only to read the works of William Law, Samuel Rutherford, Andrew Murray, and Frances Ridley Havergal to find how the fragrance of these truths can anoint even the few, and diffuse itself through the printed page. And one needs but to study the lives of Frank Crossley and R. W. Dale, of Birmingham; George MiilIer, of Bristol; John Wesley, George Whitefield, and hosts of others, to see that lives that touch men with power owe influence to sanctity and sanctity to the habitual culti vation of God's presence.

Dr. Maclaren urges on ministers and missionaries that they lay no uncertain emphasis on actual Divine Life, imparted through faith and on a real union with Jesus Christ, whereby He becomes the active life principle in the believer.

Where these truths are vitally and experimentally our possession, some marked resnlts follow: 1. A habitual bias of on r instincts in the choice of sa bjects for sermons. Instead of catching at a few unique phrases, OJ' hanging onr human ideas all a text as a hook, there will be a searching of the whole wide field of truth, and such grand· spiritual facts as an imparted Divine Life, an outpoured Spirit, and an indwelling Christ will be lifted into prominence.

2. There will be a new plJwer in the life as these trnths come to be it girdle to ns-holding us; for the truth must not only be held by us but hold us. We shall not be obliged to confess that, practically, we have not so much as heard whether or not there be any Holy Spirit. (Acts xix: 2).

3. We shall learn the Divine meaning of those seven words-the sum of all Bible teaching about a holy life-YE IN ME AND I IN YOL" (John xiv: 20). Christ is for us in justification, but fll ns for sanctification and service. We shall learn that not the cr088 but the tomb

of Christ is the grand point where the believer starts for a heavenly walk, and that without the same Spirit that raised Him from the dead we can not walk in newness of life.

4. Here is the corrective alike of ritualism and rationalism. We shall learn that all true worship is spiritual not formal, and that faith recognizes truths and facts that reason can not demonstrate. 'We shall learn that spiritual criticism is the antidote to all excesses of literary or historical criticism, and rest in a persuasion of Scriptural authority that is born of the Spirit's inward witness.

5. What a grand effect on ethics! The secret of the highest morality is spirituality. Whosoever abideth in Him sinneth not. Nothing makes sin so abhorrent as the inward revelation of a holy God indwelling and making the body His own temple!

6. What high motives inspire the life under such conditions! What indifference to mere salary, human applause, worldly ambition, scholarly distinction, when the being is pervaded with God's presence!

7. And, last, what passion for souls, when a world's sin, lostness, destitution, and spiritual death are seen as through the eyes of Jesus Christ!

THE BLACK J1AN IN INLAND LIBERIA BY REV. U. L. WALKER Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church The Republic of Liberia, on the west coast of Africa, owes its existence to the United States through the American Colonization Society. The society was formed about 1811, and had for its object the planting of colonies of colored people from the United States. The manumitted slaves were thus urged to return to their own country, and the government sent back such Africans as had been surreptitiously brought into the country-altogether somewhere about twenty thousand were thus sent back. Territory was bought from the natives, and civil administration was set up. At first the society was the only ruler of the colony, but about 1844 a constitution was adopted and the machinery of civil government was set in motion.

The territory of Liberia commences about four d~grees north of the equator and extends to about three degrees below it. Jurisdiction is claimed for about a hundred miles inland. The soil is generally good, and a wide range of valuable products yield good returns for cultivation. Cotton, sugar-cane, and coffee are among the products, but the market for coffee has been broken down by the low prices. The government is modeled after that of the United States. Citizenship has been restricted to colored people. Schools are established and churches are organized. The Afro-Americans and their

1903J 'rHE BLACK MAN IN INLAND LIBERiA 8M

descendants are the ruling class. The schools have not been well sus- tained, and education has been at a low point; but recently an effort has been made to raise the standard. Government schools have been established and are doing good work. The mission schools have been 't factor to stimulate the people on educational lines. Considerable trade is carried on, and in general there are indications of sufficient vitality to give hope of a successful national growth.

The natives, as distinguished from those of American descent, have very considerable force of character, and are making encouraging progress iIi social and civil life. 'rhey live in tribes varying in num- ber from a few hundred to some thousands. In civil order the chief, or king, is called "Blocan," or land-master. In his name all tribal matters are discussed.

The tribes are composed of families, each looking to one old man as chief, who holds the family wealth, and to whom all pay their earn- ings. The chief pays all the important bills. The Rabah is the head of the town, and his office is a little lower than that of the Blocan. In his name all town questions are discussed and verdicts given; sometimes, however, he does not approve of or participate in the discussion.

The houses are small round huts with conical roofs of thatch. The hut is built of mud 01' splints made of cotton-wood. It has from .. one to three doors, but no windows or chimney. A house fifteen feet in diameter is a large house. 'rhe houses have one room and a dry room in the chamber. The floor is the earth beaten hard. They ·make their stoves by putting three glebbies together and setting the kettle on them. The glebbie is made of clay, and is about six inches in diameter and twelve inches long. 'rhe cooking utensils and water pots are made of white clay by the women. 'rhe chairs are pieces of wood about three inches in thickness. The bed is made of a rush resembling our straw matting, and is about six feet in length by two and a half feet in width. By putting a stick of wood under one end, and the foot to the fire, with a piece of cloth for a cover, the bed is ready.

Polygamy is practised. A man may have as many wives as his family will buy for him, usually about three, but sometimes twelve. The man wanting a wife may be an old man, a leper, or an inebriate, and the girl a bright, attractive child of perhaps less than ten years. If he can bring the dowry money of fifty dollars there is but one obstacle to prevent his taking the child for his wife-that is the failure to get the consent of her parents. But many times, and especially with the mothers, they are only too glad to sell their daughters, as this puts more money into the common' treasury, and gives the parents prominence in the family end tribe. Thus, it. is a blessing to have many daughters to sell.

Women are the burden- bearers, and are the servants of their hus-

bands. The wife must assist in clearing the farm, plant all the rice, assist in harvesting and caring for the rice in the house, and, when dried, beat it out of the straw in a mortar with a stick about six feet long. She must cook the food for the family, cut and bring to town all the wood, bring all the water, get her husband's bath.water ready and take it to the bath-house. In case these and many other duties are not attended to to his satisfaction, she is subject to severe treatment from her husband.

One time, when a missionary was in town, she saw a woman sitting on a mortar with her back bathed in palm oil, and a man over her with oil in his mouth and a torch in his hand, ready to burn her. The man had bitten his wife twice, so that there was blood in his mouth; he was in the act of repeating the process when he saw the missionary coming and ceased.

It is a common occurrence when traveling to meet a man with his wives, each having a load of forty pounds on her head, and sometimes a large child on her back, and he walking with his cane and umbrella. In case he does not wish to use his umbella he will put it on the load of one of his wives.

There is no home life-no true love. The sick and aged, especially the aged women, are very much neglected. In our town there have been many eases where this class would have suffered for food and for care if it had not been for the assistance from the missions. These people are past usefulness, hence neglected. I have seen patients very ill with pneumonia, consumption, malarial fever, ete., lying on the native bed, and when the friends find there is no hope of recovery, the bed is taken away and the patient is put on the floor.

The religion of the country is spiritualism. They, like all heathen people, believe in a supreme being whom they call" Niswah," or god. They believe him to be supremely good. Thus they do not need to worship him, as they will not meet with his displeasnre. They believe in and worship the spirits of the dead, or "Coo," who have power to do them good or evil; therefore, they worship them to appease them. This is done in many ways. Young men and women are sent to the school of the medicine mall, or witch doctor, as we call him, where they are taught the art of sorcery. These sorcerel's supply the people with charms, or jujus, for their persons, honse, or farm. 'fhe chiefs also get them for their town and country.

Sacrifices enter largely into their religious system. 'l'hey resemble those of the Israelites, and are offered to "000." In offering their yearly sacrifice, which is a bullock, they call God's name in connection with that of the" Coo." Their sacrifices are for tribe, family, and individuals. In case blood has been shed there must be a burnt offering to purify the land. This is usually a white hen.

In settling tribal wars they many times offer a human sacrifice.

THE BLACK MAN IN INLAND LIBERIA

We have in our school a girl that was taken as a slave in war, who at one time was to be offered in sacrifice, but was rescued by a heathen man interceding for her. The first fruits of their harvests are offered as a war offering to "Coo."

Theirs is an undeveloped country abounding in wealth. Narrow foot-paths are their only roads. 'l'hey carry their loads on their heads. Conveyance on the rivers is by dugouts or canoes.

Gold and iron have been discovered in many places. There are large forests of walnut, mahogany, cam wood, and other valuable woods. Seventy-five miles from the coast, on Cavalla Hiver, I have often been in a large forest of these valuable woods. Near the center of this forest their is undeveloped water-power. The native people are anxious that the Methodist mission should occupy this site and develop this power by establishing an industrial mission. They will make it possible for us to secure from the government all the land, and will give us all the lumber we can use. With a small capital there might be an industrial mission established where we could own the lumber and manufacture it for mission purposes, and sell enough to help in the support of the mission. Such an industry would be a great factor in assisting to civilize, educate, and Christianize these people.

Missionary Work I lived for three years among these people, but for lack of mission force we were moved; some stations had to be closed, and this seemed to be the one to abandon. When we w'ere moved, Bishop Hartzell sent Miss Agnes McAllister with us to tell the people we must leave them. When she told Hawbah, he said: " We know these missionaries are sick, but we can not let them go until you send us some one to take their place." As it was death to go without his permission, the missionaries looked to God for an answer, and then Miss McAllister said: "Rawbah, you say these people are sick, and yet you can not let them go. They must go. But you are not going to be left alone; you have your mISSIOnary. There is Garwood, who was drowned and huried on mission hill. We will not take him from you, he will always be your mISSIOnary. You remember his lessons, and k~ow this: that when Jesus comes and Garwood comes forth, you can not tell Jesns you never knew, for Garwood has taught you and has read the Bible, prayed with and for you, and if another missionary comes he will read the same Bible, pray to the same God, and sing the same hymns. Now you must pray to Garwood's God and ask him to send you a missionary."

Hawbah said: "You talk true; we will do as you say, but we want a live missionary. You ask your big father (meaning Bishop Hartzell) if he can send us a missionary." I visited these people about three years later, and they asked me the same questions-" Can we have a missionary? "

I was told that Rawbah had family prayers night and morning, and always asked Garwood's God for a missionary. What steward of God is going to help these benighted people, who have only a spark of light, but who are using it to the best of their ability to answer their own prayers? Here is a golden opportunity for an investment that will pay the largest possible returns for time and eternity.

Bishop Taylor's method was to establish Ohristian homes in every town and take these people, especially the children, into our homes, and give them an industrial Ohristian education. He was never able to fully develop his plans for lack of funds. We are working on similar plans. We have established our work in a few centers, and take as many of these people into our homes, or boarding-schools, as we can house and teach. Here they are given an industrial Ohristian education.

'Ve have school about four hours a day, where the students receive instructions in branches such as are taught in primary and grammar schools. In all our missions we have our mechani:cal department aud our farms. We do our own building and repairing, and prepare our own lumber with the old-fashioned pit-saw. On our farms we grow tropical fruits and vegetables. The girls are taught the art of dressmaking, care of their persons and of the home, and trained to be Chri8tian women. We have three Bible lessons each day, where we spend half an hour each time in studying God's Word. We give these people a practical education to fit them for Ohristian usefulness in after life.

. Our first school in Cape Palmas district was opened in 1877; in 1889 we had our first convert in the interior. What is the result of these years of labor? We have among our converts native evangelists and workers, who are preaching the Gospel, teaching school, caring for the sick and aged, and living consistent Christian lives.

At one of our missions there were a number of converts. When the missionary was moved there was among the converts one who could read a little. These people met at his hOUSE every day for familyprayerfl, and on the Sabbath for worship. They are keeping the commandments of God, and as they have received Jesus Christ, their Lord, they are walking in Him, but they need a shepherd.

Our substations are manned by our native converts. At one place there were eighteen in the family. 'fhe missionary preached the Gospel, taught school for five days in the week, superintended the farm, cared for the sick in his own school, and had many medical calls from town. For the support of this family and his services he received last year thirty dollars.

'fhere are many other of our converts who are making large sacrifices to carry the Gospel to these benighted people. It will cost to support a student in our school for board, clothing, books, etc., fifteen dollars a year.

NOTABLE CHRISTMAS DAYS IN MISSIONARY inSTORY

NOTABLE CHRISTMAS DAYS IN MISSIONARY HISTORY * BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SPRINGFIELD, OHIO The Baptism of Clovis The first notable Christmas day recorded in missionary history was that of the year 496, on which occurred the baptism of Clovis, king of the Franks-an event of supreme importance in the evangelization of Western Europe. This young king, who had overthrown the H.oman power and conquered the territory now known as France, had been born and bred a pagan, but his wife Clotilda,.daughter of the KIng of Burgundy, was a devout Christian, who insisted on the baptism of her children, and endeavored to win her husband to the faith. But notwithstanding her influence, Olovis remained a pagan until a memorable day, when he found himself contending with an overwhelmiug force for the supremacy of Gaul. He called upon his heathen deities for aid, but all to no avail. 'rhen, appealing to Olotilda's God, he vowed that if victory were given him, he would believe and be baptized. That night death came to the leader of the foe, and Clovis' victory was easy and complete. True to his pledge, he at once put himself under Christian instruction, and on the following Ohristmas day was baptized at Rheims, with three thousand of his men. He remained, alas! a rough and ruthless warrior, propagating his faith by fire and the sword; yet dating from this Ohristmas day France was Ohristian-at least, in name.

Marsden's Christmas Sermon to the Maori Cannibals On Ohristmas, 1814, the Maori cannibals of New Zealand heard for the first time a Gospel sermon in their native land. The preacher, Samuel Marsden, chaplain of the penal colony at Port Jackson, New South Wales, had becomc greatly interested in the Maori seamen who frequently carne into port, and it had long been his purpose to visit New Zealand and plant a mission among them. But not until 1814 was he able to carry out his plan. Then, on November 28th, accompanied by several missionaries and a Maori chief named Ruatara, he set sail in the Active, a little vessel purchased at his own expense. Arriving at Whangaroa shortly before Ohristmas, he found war in progress between the natives there and Ruatara's tribe. Fearing to show partiality by going first to Ruatara's horne, he landed unarmed, and with one companion spent the night on shore. It was a daring deed, yet Marsden had nothing to fear. Far and wide he was known as the" Friend of the Maoris," and naught but kindness was in store for him. His welcome was far from reassuring, yet it was a welcome meant to show honor to their guest. Drawn up on a high bluff oppo- • The illustrations used on pages 892, 893, 897, are loaned by the courtesy of Fleming H.

Revell Co. .

site the landing was a band of naked warriors, some decorated with the teeth of their enemies, others with dollars taken froUl Ellglish sailors they had killed and eaten on the beach not long before. As Marsden approached, a woman came forward, waving a red mat, and crying: "Come hither!" Then, yelling in a frightful manner, the savages brandished their spears, and, springing toward Marsden, executed a war-dance terrifying to behold.

Next morning the intrepid missionary sailed away to Ruatara's home, where a glad surprise awaited him. Going ashore on Christmas day, which was also Sunday, he fOlllld everything in readiness for Divine worship. Rhatara, who had preceded him, had fenced in half an acre of ground and erected in the center a rude pulpit covered with native mats. On either side were canoes, turned upside down, to serve as seats for the Europeans, and on a hill above the village an English flag was fiying.

SAMUEL MARSDEN 'fhe chiefs and people had assembled in great num bers, and solemn silence was decorously maintained. The service was opened by the singing of "Old Hundred," and then, entering the pulpit, Marsden preached on the angelic message of the first Christmas day: "Behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy." Surely no more appropriate text conld have been found for the Christmas sermon that markdd the entrance of the Gospel into New Zealand, and prepared the way for leading the Maori cannibals to serve the loving Christ.

The Redemption of the Slave-market Christmas, 1873, was a day of great rejoicing in East Central Africa, for on it was laid the corner-stone of Christ Church, the great cathedral erected by the Universities' Mission all the site of the old slave-market of Zanzibar. '['his slave-market, with its huge whippingpost., had long been the crowning hOlTor of slavery in East Africa-a plagu e-spot where for generations men and women had been bought and sold like cattle. Dark as was this spot, it was destined to become one of the brightest in all Africa. On June 6, 1873, one month after th!-l death of Livingstone at Ilala, a treaty was signed between Great Britain and the Sultan of Zanzibar, prohibiting the bringing of slaves across the country to the sea and closing the slave-market at once and forever. The notorious shamble stood em pty and deserted-what should be done with it? To the Rev. Arthur N. West, of the Uni. versities' Mission, belongs the hon,or of conceiving the idea of devoting it to a Christian church. Early in September he purchased all of it that could be bought and gave it to the mission. Services were begun at once in a little mud hut erected on the spot, and plans were laid for· the building of a church. So rapidly was the work pushed that by Christmas day the foundation-stone was laid, and the

NOTABLE CHRISTMAS DAYS IN MISSIONARY HISTORY

accurserl place, which less than six months earlier had been a very citadel of Satan, was consecrated to the service of the living God.

With Bishop Steere as master-builder, slowly but surely the massive structure reared its walls, Bucces~ive Christmas days marking epochs ill its progress. At the end of foul' years it was completed with the exception of the roof, which at first was only temporary, and on Christmas, 1877, the first service was held within its walls. The permanent roof was a serious problem. It could not be made of wood, for the white ants would eat it; nor of iron, for that would make the THE CHURCH OF THE SLAVE-MARKET, ZAXZlBAR PORTRAITS OF BISHOP MAPLES AND BISHOP RICHARDSON church too hot; nor of tile, for that would require a woodell foundation . At length the bishop decided to try a mixture of pounded coral and Portland cement thrown in a solid arch by means of wooden supports, afterward removed. This proved so successful that on Christmas, 1879, thew was a grand opening of the completed structure, attended by all the Europeans in the island, as well as by the natives in festival array. In planning the church it had been arranged for the altar to occupy the exact site of the old whipping-post, but as this had not yet been built into place, the spot was marked by a great cross of greenery and flowers. The hymns, "Hark, the Herald Angels Sing," and "While Shepherds Watched Their :Flocks," were sung in Swahili, and one of the strange sights of the day was the groups of Arabs, who had

so often bargained for slaves on this very spot, gathering in the antechapel to listen to the service. One year later, on Christmas, 1880, the altar having been built into place, the first celebration was said III the church, which, since then, has become a blessing to thousands.

Christmas with the Head-hunters of Formosa One memorable Christmas day was spent by Mackay, of Formosa, and a few of his students, among the wild and ferocious head-hunters of the mountains, who had never before seen a white man or a missionary. In his famous book, "From Far Formosa," the heroic missionary relates his experiences as follows: It was Christmas when we reached the chief's village and were taken DR. MACKAY AMONG THE SAVAGES OF FORMOSA into his august presence. He received us most graciously. A bear had been killed that day, and a fresh piece of his flesh was brought in for us; but we were not equal to raw bear's meat not yet cold, and had to decline with thanks. The women gathered some rice, threshed it, tramped it in a large tray to remove the husk, and pounded it in a tub with a wooden stamper until in a very short time it was ready for the pot. The pot was supported by three old knives stuck in the ground as spits. At'supper each made rice into a ball for himself with a wooden ladle and his fingers, and reached for some of bruin's haunches, broiled to suit the taste of a brave.

The chief's house was one large room, fully thirty feet Jong, with a fire blazing at either end. There were five beds on poles along the walls. The highest was given to me and one close by to the students. We had candles made from the heart of the fir-tree, and as one burned aut it was replaced by another. 'rhe men smoked, told stories, and discussed the chase. The women were busy thread-making on the spinning-jenny, and as they wound the rhea they laughed and chatted, as their sisters do in

Christian lands. We proposed a song-one of the songs of Zion. They all looked and listened with evident interest while we sang several hymns. Then through the chief's son, who had once visited me at Tamsui, I told them of the far-away home and God's love for the world. It was Ohristmas night, and away there in a wild place, where no white man had ever been, and in the company of men and women and children who never before heard of His coming, it sent a thrill to the heart to tell of the Babe of Bethlehem, the Man of Nazareth and Calvary. I could not help thinking of their ,lad state, and of the responsibility of the thousands in Christian lands who had that day taken up the Christmas carol: Hark! the herald angels sing, Glory to the new-born King!

A Christmas Dinner in the Heart of Africa Ohristmas, 1882, found James Hannington and his little band of missionaries for Uganda encamped at the lower end of Lake Victoria Nyan~, after a long and perilous journey of nearly a thousand miles from Zanzibar. Never were circumstances more unpropitious for a proper celebration of the day; yet in one of his quaintly illustrated letters "to the youngsters at home," Hallnington graphically tells how the festival was kept: Christmas day found us as follows: G– very iII in bed, A– and W– tottering out of fever, and your uncle just about to totter in. We had an early communion, and thought much of our loved ones at home thinking and praying for us, and wishing us true Christmas joy. In spite or our poor poor plight, we felt that we must celebrate the day. So we gave our men a holiday, telling them it was a great day among Christians, and that we should furtber give them a goat. I had a kid killed for our Christmas cheer, and A– undertook the pudding. That pudding had its drawbacks, for when we went to the flour-box the flour was full of beetles and their larvffi, and we could not get them all out, the raisins were fermented, and the suet could easily have been compressed into an egg-cup. Then the pudding was underboiled, and yet boiled enough to stick to the bottom of the saucepan, whereby not only was a big hole burnt clean out of the cloth in which it was neatly tied (we were saved the trouble of untying the string), but also its lower vitals had suffered considerably-in fact, were burnt black; and yet a musty, fermented, underdone, burnt plum-pudding was such a treat to African wanderers, that I, for one, ate three slices, and enjoyed it more than ever I remember enjoying a pudding in my life. My only regret was that I could not send each of you a slice-you would have liked it so much!

" God's Christmas Gift"

Christmas, 1895, brought to the Methodist Episcopal Mission at Madras the priceless gift of Sooboonagam Ammal, 11, high-caste HindlJ girl, whose story is one of the most thrilling in the annals of missions. The daughter of a learned and influential Brahman of the strictest sect, Sooboonagam was reared in seclusion in a home of luxury and wealth. Everything that love could devise or money could buy was lavished upon her. Her garments were of the richest silk, -her jewels

many and costly. From childhood she was unusually devol!lt in the worship of the gods, and there was no idolatrous ceremony in which she did not join. She visited fifty temples, made pilgrimages to eight sacred rivers, bathed frequently in the sea to cleanse herself from sin, and fasted often-once for forty days-to appease the gods. When her mother took the seal of the prIests-i.e., had the seal embedded in her arm, in token of her entire consecratiori-Sooboonagam desired to take it also. On account of her extreme youth-she was- not yet eighteen -the priests refused to seal her arm, but gave her instead a tiny box a of sacred powder to be worn always upon her person. After receiving this, she built costly temple which still stands as a witness of her devotion to the gods.

Such was Sooboonagam when Miss Grace Stephens, Superintendent of the Methodist Episcopal Zenana Mission of Madras, and her coworkers first knew her. Having heard that the missionaries could teach her Tamil, which she was eager to learn because there were certain prayers and ceremonies that could only be performed in that language, Sooboonagam reluctantly agreed to admit them to her home, little knowing what the end would be. For eighteen months or more she cared nothing for the missionaries, and gave no heed to their religious teachings. But by and by she began to study the Bible, and then a great change came. Her zeal for the idols declined, and her love for Christ grew strong. She made no open confession, but her family noted the change, and ere long the missionaries were obliged to discontinue their visits. But by means of letters and messages she kept up communication with them, and they learned with sorrow that she was undergoing sore persecution in her home. At length a crisis came. Finding that she was to be sent to I3engalore to her father's younger wife, where she would be compelled to continue living in idolatry, Sooboonagam decided to forsake all-home, friends, the mother she loved so well, her high rank, her wealth, her costly jewels-and seek a refuge with the missionaries. Sadly and secretly she prepared for her flight, which she had planned to take place on the approaching Christmas day. Of that last day in her home she can never speak without tears. Sore, indeed, was the struggle to part with the mother so dear to her. But Christ was dearer, and when evening came on, this sheltered, treasured child resolutely stepped out into the darkness and sped alone through the streets.

That night Miss Stephens sat alone in her study, weary in body and mind. It had been a happy Christmas, but a very busy one. It was over now, but there were still duties to be performed. Turning wearily to her desk, the faithful missionary prepared to answer some letters, when suddenly Sooboonagam came flying up-stairs, and, throwing herself into the arms of her friend, exclaimed: "I am come! I am come! I am God:s Christmas gift to you!" She wore neither jewels

1903J NOTABLE CHRISTMAS DAYS IN MISSIONARY HISTORY

nor costly garments, and had brought nothing save the little box of sacred powder, which she gave to Miss Stephens, in token of her complete renunciation of idolatry. The days that followed were anxious days, for untiring effort was made to'win her back. But she remained true, and five weeks later, on February 3, 189G, publicly confessed Christ and was baptized. As she stood at the altar she sang, in a clear voice, the hymn which so well expressed her feelings: Jesus, I my cross have taken- All to leave, and follow Thee.

In the spring of 1900, in the care of Miss Stephens, Sooboonagam came to America.

During her brief stay here she was greatly used of God, and on her return entered zealously upon the work ill Madras. Surely it was a great gift that God gave to his workers ill India on Christmas, 1895.

MARY REED Christmas Among the Lepers of Chandag Nowhere is Christmas more joyously celebrated than at Chandag, where Mary Reed is devoting her life to the lepers. Each successive Christmas day brings brightness and cheer to these afflicted ones, but perhaps none was more blessed than that of 1896, which was marked by the dedication of a new chapel at Panahgah. A letter from Dr.

Murtha Sheldon, quoted in John Jackson's" Life of Mary Reed," tells of it as follows: In the afternoon of Christmas eve there was the distribution of warm jackets to the women of the asylum, which took place on the open grounds; they were already seated on the grass when Miss Reed and I arrived. The sloping rays of the afternoon sun fell gratefully upon us and the poor creatures who sat before us, while in the distance stretched the snowy mountains. After song, talk, and prayers, in which the women took part, the presents were distributed. It was a touching sight to see the stumps of hands, which up to this time had been hidden beneath the chuddars, emerge, and, in one way or another, appropriate the nice warm garments sent by friends across the sea, while each expressed her grateful thanks.

In the evening we had dinner together. Miss Reed sat at her little table with separate dishes, and I at another, eating chicken, curry and rice, and peaches from far-away America. We talked with many a ripple of laughter, as we enjoyed oUl' meal in the cosy little dining-room. Later, at the sweet-toned organ, the gift of friends in America, we sang several hymns. Then I left to go to my tent, pitched in the yard. A g( ntle rain was fa.lling. Oh, bleEsed rain, greatly needed all over India! It was as tho, at this holy Christmas-time, the heavens were gently brooding over a parched and weary world.

Christmas morning we were up bright and early. After breakfast ,.t we went to the dedication of the new chapel Miss Reed has built

Panahgah, the men's refuge, about a quarter of a mile from her house. Her organ had already been carried there, and soon fifty lepers, men and boys in all stages of the disease, were seated on the clean matting in the back part of the chapel, while the visitors occupied the front. Large open doors, facing each other, furnished a draught of pure, fresh air between us and the afflicted ones. Very touching were the exercises, and very tender were the prayers that went up to the Lord, who on this day made Himself of no reputation, and took np~n Him the form of a servant to serve just such needy ones as these. After the exercises Miss Reed and I distributed the warm, comfortable garments that had corne for the men and the boys. Oranges were distributed to all, and an extra dinner of rice and j:?;oat's meat provided.

Miss Reed and I, with full hearts. went back to the house for our Christmas lunch, after which there was another service for the women A GATHERING OF HEATHEN AND CHRISTIANS IN THE NEW HEBRIDES and girls. It was a blessed Christmas ~ay, the sweet memories of which will ever remain with me.

A Christmas Feast in Tanna Christmas, 1899, was a notable day on the island of '1'anna, where the Rev. Frank H. L. Paton, the son of the veteran missionary, John G. Paton, is doing effective work. In his new book, " Lomai of Lenakel," Mr. Paton tells of the events of the day, and the impression they made upon the heathen: Great preparations were made for our usual Christmas gathering. The worshipers invited all the heathen to a great feast, and a labor schooner hearing of this hastened to Lenakel to improve the occasion in the way of getting recruits. On Christmas morning our people were up long before daylight. As the sun rose the last of the native puddings were safe in the ovens, and at 7.30 the pigs had followed them. At eight

ENCOU~AGEMENTS IN MISSIONARY WORK AMONG JEWS

we held a great thanksgiving service, and then, as the labor vessel's boats made for the shore, we began our sports and games. The heathen gathered from all quarters, and over a thousand people filled our grounds. All around were dense masses of armed men. The first item was a tug- of-war. and then came the greasy pole and other contests. The worshipers threw themselves with great heartiness into everything. The bright, laughing Christians, in their many-colored dresses, formed a striking contrast to the black, armed ranks of the heathen. My first anxiety was the labor schooner, but soon a new peril made me lift my heart to God in prayer. Some of the heathen had not met since war had raged between them. At first they simply glared at each other, and then old hatreds broke out and hot words were spoken. Again and again I started some contest that would scatter the excited groups, but they soon came together again. Then I went from group to group and tried to spread a better feeling, Our Christmas gathering was nearly turned into a scene of bloodshed in our very garden, but God heard our prayers, and all passed off most happily.

The heathen immensely enjoyed the great feast spread out for them, and then the far-away ones returned to their homes, while our people went on with the games. In the evening we had a magic-lantern enter- tainment and singing. Despite the threatened dangers. the day was most successful, and made a marked impression on the heathen. One of them said, a few days after: "We know that the worship has COlne to stay. When we sawall the women and children mixing with the men in their joy, and all so nicely clothed, we felt ashamed, and that was why we stood apart and looked on. Where can we go? We can not escape the worship. We must take it in the end."

ENCOURAGEMENTS IN MISSIONARY WORK AMONG THE JEWS BY REV. LOUIS MEYER, lIOPKINTON, IO~A "In the department of missions to the heathen we record, from month to month, continual new wonders of Divine conquests. . . . How different the record if we attGmpt to glean from Jewish-Christian sources the signs of redemption for Israel! It seems almost a way to discourage the friends of this canse if we pick up the occasional reports of a Jew or two converted, or a few willing to seek or hear of Jesus. It would seem more to the purpose to say nothing." Thus encourages (?) his readers the editor of a magazine which has, in large letters upon its first page, the motto, EVANGELIZATION OF THE JEWS THE CARDINAL ISSGB OF THE PRESENT CENTURY.

Such statements, based upon the superficial reading of a few monthly or quarterly publications, undoubtedly cause the commOll conviction that Jewish work, meeting with unsurmountable difficulties, is barren of results and quite useless, and thus increase the general apathy of the Christian Church toward a work which is especially dear to the heart of the Master, and which has shown quite remarkable signs of His goodness and of His gracious presence with the laborers during the past year.

"Encouragement in the work generally during the past year" is the report which reaches us from everyone of the more than hundred societies and associations which are at present engaged in the blessed

work of bringing the Gospel to the scattered millions of Jews. And it will be well for us to look a little closer at these encouragements in a work which undoubtedly has greater difficulties than other missions.

We do not claim· the slight increase of Jewish baptisms between May I, 1902, and May 1, 1903, as a peculiarly encouraging sign, for the number of baptisms can never be the measure of success of any missionary effort, and baptism does not always mean conversion. But we claim, as the first especially encouraging sign in Jewish missions, the greater accessibility of the Jews to Gospel effort. This does not only mean that there is a very hopefu1 change ill the attitude of the Jews toward Christ and Christianity, for that chauge has come very gradually during the last twenty-five years. Nor does it refer to the peculiar attitude of American and English Reform Jews, who declare themselves highly honored because Jesus, the teacher and the prophet, was one of their brethren, and some of whom are even trying to introduce the reading and the study of the New Testament into their services and Sabbath-schools. It refers chiefly to the accessibilityof the 'falmudical Jews in the eastern part of Europe.

The Russian laws, unfavorable to the propagation of any Protestant doctrine within the territory of the Holy Synod, forbid direct missionaryeffort among the multitude of orthodox Jews, and it is possible only to reach them by the printed Word of God and argumentative tracts. John Wilkinson has scattered thousands 'of Hebrew and Yiddish New Testaments throughout the Russian pale, and he and Gaebelein and the late Joseph Rabinowitz have distributed vast multitudes of good Gospel tracts in almost all the Jewish centers of Russia and Poland, and frequently the printed Word has shown the way of salvation unto Jewish hearts who were longing and searching for it. But the last year has shown a most remarkable improvement in the reception of the printed page among these fanatical Jews. 'fhe late Rev. J. M. Eppstein* was led to start a new missionary paper for Russian Jews, Kol Shoplwr, which he sent by mail to numerous rabbis and prominent Jews in Russia. 'fhe result was surprising. A few resented what they considered an insult, and wrote angry letters to the English clergyman. Many copies of the paper were torn to shreds, unread, with bitter curses. But a considerable number of the recipients of the paper not only read it, but were incited to further inquiry. Letters from Russian rabbis began to reach ~Ir. Eppstein, and a vast cor: respondence between these searching Jews and the missionary ensued, which a few years ago would have been considered impossible. The proofs of the great usefulness of this correspondence in spreading tl)e Gospel among a class of Jews who hitherto had utterly refused to read the New Testament, are so abundant that now, where Mr. Eppstein has entered into his rest, the London Jews Society is raising a special • See MISSIONARY REVIEW, August, 1903, pp. 609 and 621.

ENCOURAGEMENTS IN MIIOSIONARY WORK AMONG JEWS !Jot

fund for the continuance of the correspondence with Hussian rabbis and the circulation of the periodical, Hol Shophar.

Add to this the greatly increased demand of the Jews everywhere for the Yiddish Old Testament and their continued readiness to receive the New Testament, and there can be no doubt that the Jews were never so accessible to Gospel effort as at present.

II. The greatly increased interest of Christians. We do not say the greatly increased interest of the churches, because their interest in Jewish missions is little, jf at all, increased. The number of denominational missions to the Jews has decreased a little during the past years, and many of those in existence are greatly hindered by decreasing contributions. But the interest of individual Ohristians in the conversion of the Jews has greatly increased during the last year. Three reasons for this can be given.

Pirst of all, the shameful massacre of Kischineff called the attention of the whole world to the despised Jew, and the Ohristian joined tlhe Jew in his protest against the barbaric cruelties of the Russian mob and the connivance of high Russian government officials. The pulpits rang with earnest appeals to come to the help of the suffering Israelites, and these appeals led naturally to an increased study of the promises of the Word of God concerning His chosen people, and thus to an increased interest of individual Ohristians in Jewish missions.

In the second place, the great accessibility of the Jews to Gospel effort is so manifest that men interested in Jewish work took new courage, brought new sacrifices, and by their example influenced others. Thus, Mr. Oorey, long interested in the Jewish work in Pittsburg, saw the encouraging signs, and, believing that the time for a step forward had come, provided from his own means a well-equipped home for the Pittsburg mission. It was, as far as we know, the largest gift of any living individual to Jewish missions on this side of the ocean since their beginning. His faith must influence others, and the gift encourages every Jewish worker.

In the third place, the movement among the Jewish followers of Jesus has greatly increased the interest of Ohristians in Jewish missions. This is proved by the large number of letters from individual Ohristians in almost every part of the world, which reached the writer after the Hebrew-Ohristian Oonference held in Mountain Lake Park, J'[aryland, July 28 to 30, 1903.

And that brings us to the consideration of the third encouraging sign in Jewish missions.

III. The Hebrew-Christian movement. The greatest obstacle in the way of the spread of the Gospel among the Jews, and of the increase of interest in Jewish missions, has probably been the fact that the great majority of those Jews who believed in Jesus as the Ohrist were entirely absorbed by the existing Ohristian churches, and thus bore

no testimony of the fruitfulness of missionary work among the Jews. In addition to this absorption. it was deplorable that many of those who posed before the public as" converted Jews," and collected money for themselves or nominally for work among their Jewish brethren. were frauds and impostors, so that even well-meaning Christians lent an ear to the oft-repeated claim that all the converts from Judaism to Christianity were simply attracted by financial considerations.

MallY efforts to correct this condition were made during the nineteenth century, but all were in vain. A small party arose, chiefly composed of Gentile workers among the Jews at first, which favored the founding of a Hebrew-Christian Church, in which all the Hebrew- Christians were to be united. Tho this idea has met with no favor in the United States, and only few Hebrew-Christians of other countries have come out openly in favor of it, the plan is so much discussed in missionary magazines of Germany and England, that even the approaching International Jewish Missionary Corderence in London (October 21 and 22) is to consider its Scriptural aspects.

Hebrew-Christian Brotherhoods and Alliances had frequently been founded in America and England during the nineteenth century, but none of them had proved of much help in the difficulties which confronted the Jewish work from within, when God put it into the hearts of a few Hebrew-Christians, who had met in Boston in 1901 (by invitation of Dr. E. S. Niles), to undertake steps looking toward the founding of a Hebrew-Christian Alliance. The appointed committee, shrunk to two members, saw the way providentially opened, and called a meeting of Hebrew-Christians to Mountain Lake Park, Maryland, and after that meeting was called there appeared unexpectedly that which we would call the most encouraging sign perceived in Jewish mission work for many years. The call, through friends of the cause, found its way into German and British magazines for Jewish missions, and was not only read with interest, but heartily seconded. 'l'hus it came that the corresponding member of that committee received almost four hundred and fifty letters from Hebrew-Christians in eyery part of the world, who rejoiced in the prospect of a Hebrew-Christian Alliance, for which many of them had prayed for years, and also official letters from already existing Hebrew-Christian Alliances in London, Stockholm, and Jerusalem, pledging support and signifying readiness to join in an International Hebrew-Christian Alliance.

The Mountain Lake Park Hebrew-Christian Conference was held on the prearranged date, and tho it was not largely attended, it undoubtedly marks a forward step in Jewish missions, and is of greatest encouragement to the laborers and friends of the cause, because it has established beyond doubt that the Spirit of God is moving among those Hebrews who followed Jesus outside the camp, so that their ears are opened to the cry of their brethren perishing without the Gospel, and they are ready to band themselves together for increased effort among Israel, for stronger testimony to the Church of Christ, and for mutual strengthening and helpfulness.

'1'0 us the Hebrew-Christian movement of to-day speaks of the time to favor Zion, the set time, and is an earnest of great things to corne. For when the Jewish believers in Christ, scattered over the whole world and found in every condition of life, are thus banded to- gether for earnest Gospel effort, we may look for the onward march of the Gospel not only among the Jews, but also among the heathen.

Truly, the Lord is encouraging his children in their efforts among . the Jews. May these encouragements lead us to more earnest prayer, greater liberality, and largely increased efforts!

THE .MISSIONARY MIRACLE BY REV••r. K. WILSON, V.D., PORTLAND, M:E.

The parable of the sower is the missionary parable, setting forth the seed, the sower, and the varying conditions of soil in u the field, which is the world." In like manner, the miracle of the feeding of the five thousand may be considered as the missionary miracle. In no other of our Lord's mighty works have we so clear an illustration of the meaning and content of the great commission..

Here are the three factors in the missionary equation: A world that needs; a Christ who gives; a Church that carries.

1. The primary missionary impulse. "When He saw the multitude He had compassion." Our interest in men is begotten of His interest in them.

2. The supreme missionary obligation. "He said unto them, Give ye them to eat."

3. The feeding of the five thousand was distinctly a superhuman and Divine work, not a development of the time and place and existing conditions. Missionary success is not the evolution of germs of good in heathen religions; it is the direct working of the grace and power of God.

4. The Divine purpose includes human thought and study. "He Himself knew what He would do"; yet He said to Philip: "Whence are we to provide bread, that these may eat?"

5. 'rhe apparent inadequacy of the means-an invariable factor in every problem of Christian service. E.g., the twelve, and the opposing forces of a whole world lying in sin; Luther and the Romish hierarchy; Carey, "the cobbler," and the millions of heathen. Judged by huma,n standards, there is never" enough to go 'round.' "

6. The Divine mathematics: 5 + 2 X 1 12 = 5,000. Five loaves and two fishes multiplied by One Lord and divided or distributed by

His twelve discipIes, is equal to the needs of furnishing enough for five thousand people.

7. The use of the commonplace. BarIc!! loaves-the commonest kind of bread; that of the extreme poor. And small fishes.

8. Christ uses and multiplies what a man has, not what he would like to hare.

9. Giving is keeping. If the lad had eaten his luncheon, we should never have heard of it nor of him. In surrendering it for the Master's use, both he and it are kept in perpetual remembrance. True immor· tality is relation to Jesus Christ and His work.

lO. Christ's answer to question and remonstrance often takes the form of command. "Send them away, that they may buy food." " Give ye them to eat." "What are these five loaves and two fishes among so many?" "Make the men sit down."

11. Orderly planning and arrangement. "They sat down in ranks, by hundreds and by fifties." Systematic missionary work 1/8. U wildcat" schemes.

~2. The limit of obligation: the last man. So long as One was unfed, the obligation to carry the food gripped the disciples. .

13. The limit of supply: the last need. Enough for all, "as much as they would." "To the uttermost."

14. The emphasis of the individual. '['he mass was divided into companies, and was ministered unto by the twelve. But to each individual man in his hunger, an individual disciple was sent. It is individual work that is needed, and individual contact that tells.

15. The shortest way to the needs of men is via Christ. The uisciples were for fceding the people through the medium of the nearest village. Jesus said: "'fhey need not go away; there is a nearer source of supply."

16. Each must pass on to the next that which he has receiVld. The fifth man in the third row, e.g., has no monopoly on the bread and fish that have come to him. All have equal right.

17. Care for the fragments that remain: the conversation and nse of the" by-products" of missions-education, culture, commerce, etc.

18. The disciples were not to spread out their provisions that the men might come and be fed; they were to go to them. A church that is not carrying the bread of life to starving souls is violating its commission and making void its character. The condemnation of the world is that it will not come to Christ; the condemnation of the church is that it will not go for Christ.

19. Increase by expenditure. "Religion is the only commodity of which it is true that the more we export, the more we ha~'e."

20. The Gospel is a trust, but not a Trust. "He gave to disciples -to set before them."

MASTER'S METHOD

THE MASTER'S METHOD THE STUDY OF THE MIRACLE-PARABLE OF THE FEEDING OF THE MULTITUDE BY DAVID MCCONAUGHY, NEW YORK Forward Movement Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions Each miracle of the Master is likewise a parable in action, even as every parable is practically a miracle in word and in thought. Is it lIot stl'ikingly significant that of all the thirty-four miracles of Jesus the only one recorded by all of the four evangelists is that of the feeding of the five thousand? Altho not even the birth of ,Tesus, nor His ba.ptism, nor the beginning of His ministry, nor, indeed, any other event, except those that cluster around the cross, has been thus recorded, yet this one miracle, of all the rest, has been preserved by Matthew (xiv: 13-21) and Mark (vi: 30-44) and Luke (ix: 10-17) and John (vi: 1-14).

In the midst of that inimitable picture of the world's unspeakable need is put the problem which is still awaiting solution-the problem of the evangelization of the world: "Whence are lOe to buy bread that these may eat?" And after three suggested solutions, typical of the answers given by the Ohurch throughout her history, the Master's own method is given, not in mere words, but in acts. When once this pattern, shown us in the Mount, is followed, the problem will be solved, and not until then.

I. The Problem The question is not so much as to whether the heathen can be saved if they do not get the Gospel; the question, rather, is whether the Ohurch can be saved if she fails to give the Gospel to the world. For is it not evident on the very face of the problem (1) that it is the Divine purpose" that these may eat"; (2) that what is required is something that it is necessary to" buy," not what, costing little, is worth little; and (3) that it is "we" who are offered the unspeakable privilege of partnership in the" King's business" of providing the Bread of Life for the perishing multitude?

The problem is a vast and complex one, whether considered from the standpoint of lOho these are that are to be fed, or what they need, or whence the need is to be supplied.

In the picture before us the situation is put in a few strokes of the great Spirit-Artist's pencil: " A desert place "-" a great multitude"- "as sheep not having a shepherd "-" the day far spent."

1. Their number is beyond adequate conception. No arithmetic can grasp a billion souls, altho we talk glibly enough nowadays of a billion dollars. We even speak of a billion-and-a-half-dollar steel trust when we fail utterly to get hold of a billion heathen trust! If one were to count at the rate of one every second for eight hours a

day seven days in the week, unceasingly, it would take over a century to even count a billion, and meanwhile three generations more would have come on the scene, and the task would be three times as great as at the beginning. No wonder that when one considers that appal.

ling procession of non-Christians-the 336,000,000 Buddhists, 208, 000,000 Hindus, 192,000,000 Mohammedans, 60,000,000 Oonfucian- ists, and 225,000,000 Pagans, llot to include those of corrupted forms of Christianity-one is tempted to give the problem up just because it is so big.

2. Their need, too, can scarcely be exaggerated, but, summed up in a single word, it is simply this: the Gospel to the whole man-body, mind, and soul. And this is what the Master meant to give the mul- titude when He sent the first disciples forth and outlined the plan thus: ., Healing…………………………………… the body Teaching ………………………………….the nlind Preaching………………………………. to the soul In carrying out that threefold and all-embracing program there are II. Several Solutions Suggested 1. (C Send them away" is the summary, but utterly selfish, response of Judas No-faith. 'rhat was the attitude of the churches of Asia Minor, whose candlesticks were removed because their candles, hidden under a bushel, went out. It was the answer of the Ohurch of the Middle Ages, which sent forth the Crusaders with sword and torch to wreak vengeanc;o on the Mohammedan worM-not to give the Gospel, but to recapture the Holy Sepulchre. It was the spirit of Rev. Sydney Smith, who leveled the shafts of his satire at the consecrated Ohristian cobbler, and described William Oarey's proposal to give the Gospel to India as "absurdity in hysterics, illusion dancing in wildest frenzy, preposterousness run mad, the unsubstantial dream and vision of a dreamer who dreamed that he had been dreaming." It was the attitude of Dr. Ryland, President of the Baptist Association, who is represented to have tried to suppress Carey by saying from the chair: "Young man, sit down; when God pleases to convert the heathen, He will do it without your aid or mine." It was the allswer of George Hamilton, in the General Assembly of the Auld Kirk of Scotland, when he pronounced foreign missions" illusive, visionary, dangerous to the good order of society"-as "improper to propagate the Gospel abroad, so long as there remained a single individual at home without the means of religious knowledge."

2. "Two hundred penny1Vorth is not enough" is the half-hearted suggestion of Philip Little-faith. But is it intended thus to indicate the limit of ability or of willingness? No one will deny that with the wealth of this country rated at the enormous sum of $lOO,OOO,OOO,OOO~

THE MASTER'S METlioD

there is in the hands of the church-members enough to speedily put the blessings of the Gospel within reach of every creature in the whole wide world. The deposits in the savings-banks of the United States of America, which seventy years ago averaged $135, now amount to no less than $400 for each inhabitant. Last year, in this country, there was wasted for liquor $1,000,000,000; for tobacco, $800,000,000; and for amusements, $700,000,000; while the expenditure of all the denom- inations for the evangelization of the world was only a little over $5,000,000. How is it that when $75,000,000 can be thrown away in a . vain search for the North Pole, we stick at "two hundred penny- worth" for the carrying out of the Great Oommission of Jesus Ohrist our Lord?

3. « There is a lad here who has jive loaves and two jishes, but-" 'I.'he suggestion of the observant and businesslike Andrew Faith-and- Works is the nearest approach to a solution. It is the answer of the Student Volunteer Movement, with its most magnificent offering of young life that the Church has ever seen in all her history. But, sad to say, a "missing link" is discovered at this point. Ohurch Boards not being enabled to keep pace with the splendid enthusiasm of the Student Movement, there have of late been fewer volunteering than hitherto. N ow it is seen with increasing clearness that alongside of this Student Movement for Going there is needed a Movement for Knowl:71g and Sending on the part of those outside of colleges, and especially of the entire rank and file of the men of the Church. '1'he time is past for relegating the problem of missions to the noble women who have long set such a splendid example; the men must ceaSe to hold their interest in missions in their wives' names.

With fresh purpose of obedience we are turning to the fountainhead to learn III. The Master's Method His way of solving the problem is a perfectly plain and practicable one, the only sufficient solution. He spells the answer in three great action words: 1. Pra!/e1·.-" He went np into a mountain." At the opening of the scene and again at the close we see Him there alone, in touch with the source of all power. The streams that turn the world's machinery rise in the solitude of the mountain tops. It was in the haystack prayer-meeting at Williamstown that the whole missionary movement of America originated. If we would emulate the Mastel' we must heed the appeal of Joseph Neesima and "advance upon OU1' knees."

2. Si1tdy is the next essential in order to the solution of the problem. "He lifted up his eyes" and" saw a great multitude, and He was moved with compassion." It was not mere pity, but a fellow feeling that resulted from knowing the condition of the multitude.

"Lift up your eyes and look upon the fields, that they are white already unto harvest."

Surely there could be no more cheering fact than this: that a million and a half women were engaged in systematic study of missions in the United States last year-unless it were that as many men were to thus seriously grapple with the greatest problem in the world!

If only the practical Andrew can be got to stop long enough to look carefully into" the basket" and see just how many loaves and fishes are available, and then consult the Master's pleasure, the pro- Llem will be speedily solved.

3. The practt"cal application which follows inevitably after prayer alld study is spelled in several syllables: (a) Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " Make them sit down" (b) Consecration … …………….. " Bring them hither to me " (c) Commission ….. ………………… " Give ye them to eat" (d) Consequent blessing .. ………. "Gather up the fragments"

(a) "They sat down in ranks, by hundreds and by jifties." The very first step toward a speedy solution of the problem is to definitely distribute responsibility. Dividing the multitude of five thousand into fifty rows, one hundred deep, each of the twelve members of that primitive church had just four rows to feed; leaving half a share to the little man who had provided the wherewithal. On the same principle, if the responsibility of giving the Bread of Life to the ten hundred millions of non-Ohristians were distributed among the two hundred millions of Protestant Christians, each wonld have but jil,e to feed. Instead of gi ving the problem up because it is so big, what is needed is to get it down to practicable proportions.

Take, for instance, the section of the problem with which the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America has to deal, and in order to reach the one hundred millions to whom that Church has undertaken to give the Gospel, each of the more than one hundred million communicant members at home would be responsible for not more than one hundred-one to each row of one hundred. With all her vast resources of men and money, is it not perfectly practicable for this to be accomplished within this generation? But on the present basis, it will take the Presbyterian Church centuries to overtake what she has undertaken. For, counting all the men on the field, unordained as well as ordained, each male missionary of that Church is at present responsible for a population of not less than three hundred thousand, or as many people as are found in Arizona, Nevada, Wyoming, and Alaska combined; and even that does not fully show how overwhelming is the situation. If reinforcements were sent on the basis suggested by the missionaries of India-a man and a woman for each fifty thousand-and even if all the men were married, it

AND TRIUMPHS IN BASUTOLAND

would call for not over six thousand. When the average salary is only $575, what church could not have its own associate pastor on the field abroad? And there are more than seven thousand seven hun- dred and fifty Presbyterian Churches (North).

(b) Consecration must accompany organization-" Bring them hither to Me." If each three hundred and thirty members, on an average, were to combine in assuming the support of a missionary couple, the problem would be solved, and the cost to each member wonld be less than one cent a day, or about the amount of a single trolley fare a week. Is it not evident, then, that all that is necessary is to distribute the responsibility?

(c) But more than money is called for: "Give yo them to eat."

The commission that comes to each Olle can not be met by a mere contribution of money. Whether we go or send, we are expected to render personal service as workers together with Him.

(d) Blessing is sure to follow such consecratioll of one's self and substance in a measure far exceeding anything that we might ask or think. In place of the little hand-basket, in which our f~w loaves and fishes may have been brought, shall be given us heaping hampers- "good measure, pressed down, shaken together, running over"

(Luke vi: 38).

IV. The Sequel "The peo£-1e said, this is of a truth the Prophet that cometh into the world." The problem will be solved, the evangelization of the world accomplished, when the Church adopts the Master's method of feeding the multitude.

TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS IN BASUTOLAND* BY REV. ALFRED UASALIS lIIissionary of the Paris JlIissionary Society [The following address of Mr. Casalis, of the French Protestant mission in Basutoland, a country under the British Protectorate in South Africa, gives a most interesting description-of the history of that mission (founded about seventy-five years ago) and of its present condition; and, still more, of the prospect now opening up of a future of vast influence to he exercised by the people of Basutoland over all the tribes of these vast regions, in consequence of the Christian education they have received and are still receiving from our admirable friends of the French mission. The following pages will repay careful perusal, and the questions now becoming very urgent and perplexing, concerning the natives of South Africa, may find some solution through the Christianizing and uplifting of Basutoland.-JAMEs E. MATHIESON, Esq., London.] The history of the Basutoland mission is no mystery to the Proto, estant public. Who has not read or heard of these heroic times, when Moshesh, that clever diplomatist and most valiant warrior, fought for • Translated from a paper read at the Paris Conference in June, 1902.

HEATHEli WOMEN OUTSIDE A KRAAL IN BASUTOLAND the independence of his people, while the pioneers of the mISSIOn were engaged in another struggle, longer and more difficult, against the heathenism of the Basutos? This battle for Christ, begun at the opening of the last century, has been prolonged up to the present hour, not without many reverses of fortune. Thank God, however, victory has been gained over· these reverses, and to-day this mission is doing a magnificent work.

The Basutos have, under the kind protection of a foreign power preserved their autonomy and central native government, and the tribe has maintained the integrity of its territory, is rich, and on the high road to material prosperity. The mission, firmly established by its founders on a solid basis which nothing has been able to shake, has reached the maximum development of its limits, covering the country with a network of stations and outstations, and has launched out its intrepid couriers even into the valleys and gorges of the Orange and Dratkensberg rivers. It has organized with method and wisdom its native work, and is reaping little by little in joy what for so long has been sown in tears.

This progress is identical in the social and the religious spheres. The history of the mission is joined closely to that of the tribe. Only those can realize this who know what was the life of the Basnto before the arrival of the first missionaries. The date of the birth of the mission is also the date of the official beginning of this tribe. Together they have grown, together they have passed through great political crises which nearly destroyed them, both in '58 and '66 and from '80 to '83. Basutos and missionaries have passed through the same trials, the same joys, the same disappointments, and the same

190;3] TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS IN BASUTOLAND

hopes. In their darkest hour the Basutos have found us faithfully attached to them and' ready to share their fate. They have never forgotten it, alld never will forget it. Thus the name of Fora (France) is in the plains and mountains and valleys of Basutoland a name dearly respected. One day, at a great" palaver" of the tribe, I heard the Paramount Chief Lerothodi affirm solemnly that that which had saved his people from destruction was" Thuto-ea-ma-fora" (The Gospel of Christ brought by the French missionaries). They know this ill Africa, and are grateful to us to-day. The French mission, oftell suspected or defamed, has at last conquered the respect and good will of the English government and of the Boers. In the religious world among those acquainted with missions-in Germany, America, and England-the Basuto mission is known and highly appreciated. Figures have their convincing power and speak for themselves. The results attained by the French Society in Basutoland press themselves un the attention of all those who are deeply interested in the Kingdom of God. We wish to give our testimony to the faithfulness of God, and to tell of that which has been obtained in Basutoland by seventy years of faithful senice.

It was the French Protestants who gave birth and activity to Illissionary life in Basutoland. It is rare now to find eye witnesses of these first steps in the arena of missions, but the Church shouldllot forget that the Basuto mission has been one of the first fruits of the religious revival in Frallce at the beginning of the last century, and that it has won for llS the good name of faithful Christians, SlIlcere evangelists, and of good wurkmen in the harvest-field of God.

The Basu to mission is ill the way which leads to success. r will not seek to prove it by its internal progress, but in trying to show the EVANGELISTIC MEETING CONDUCTED BY THE PA.RTY PROM )fORlJA MISSION

influence which it exercises all around and beyond its natural frontiers. In the development of missionary work, as in all other human or Divine activities, we can not assign them to their limits, and say to them" 'rhus far and no farther." The human and Divine mind always tends toward fresh conquests, to spread itself abroad, to make itself universal. It is not possible that a prosperous and living mission should be stopped in its moment of expansion by the convelltionallimits of a political frontier. From every living organism there radiates an activity of life which tends to reproduce elsewhere that to which it has given birth in its original center. Life reproduces life, and this life grows, extends, and conquers successively new spheres of action. Thus it is and always will be increasingly, we believe, with the Basuto mission.

I will divide this subject into three parts: (1) The foreign influence of the Basuto Church. (2) The academic influence of the mission. (3) The influence of our literature in the neighboring tribes.

The Church and Its Influence Missionary work in South Africa, as elsewhere, has been closely linked with political events. Often missionaries have fonnd themselves in conflict with the policy of the whites; such a cDnflict provoked the burning of Livingstone's home and books, and the expulsion of the French missionaries from Basutoland in 1866. The policy of the whites toward the blacks is nearly always one of conquest and repression. The whites begin by destroying, and then claim to build npon the ruins which they have made. Missionary work, on the contrary, is a work of preservation and regeneration. The missionary seeks to protect and safeguard the rights of the native, then to introduce into this rudimentary society the great regenerating principles of the Gospel.

In Africa, and perhaps elsewhere, missionaries have too often simply acquiesced in the methods of armed force and forc~ble annexation. Have we not even heard it affirmed that there must be first the conquest of arms in order to introduce the Gospel? Consequently, missionaries have often wrongly been considered agents or allies of foreign governments against the natives. As a matter of fact, missionaries have too often been content quietly to see the soldier interfere and break the power of the native chiefs. On account of this, there is sometimes a certain bitterness and distrnst in the heart of natives against missionaries. Ethiopianism is partly one result of this error.

In Basntoland the situation has been very different. The mission has identified itself with the tribe from the first, and has never departed from this attitude. In 1880-83, for instance, when most of the whites, both tra lers and magistrates, had left the country, the French missionaries remained at their stations and suffered the same

TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS IN BASUTOLAND

privations as the Basutos. This characteristic attitnde has been fruitful of happy results. It has shown the natives that missions and white conquests are not synonymous, that the Gospel, on the contrary, is a principle of liberty, and that the missionaries fervently desired the preservation of the integrity of the Basuto territory and their autonomy. They have put this down to our credit.

The circumstances have helped us. '1'he Basutos, growing more civilized, more disciplined, and more loyal, have made themselves respected even by their enemies. In short, it so happens that, surviving all other South African tribes, that of Moshesh alone has preserved its territory, its autonomy, its chiefs, and the habits and customs of its ancestors-in fact, all that constitutes its nationality and dignity.

MORIJA MISSION STATION CHURCH AND SCHOOL BUILDING Training institute in the distance The other tribes, vanquished and subdued, admire and respect the Basutos, or envy them, as do the Pondos, the Zulus, and the Bechuanas. Khama, and even Lewanika, have amicable relations with Lewthedi, and exchange with him presents and courtesies.

The religious work, so closely connected with the political and social life of the tribe, has benefited by this state of things, and the blacks of South Africa know and respect that which the French mission has done for the Basutos. The native Ohristians of the neighboring tribes and countries lean upon the Basuto Ohristians, and look up to them. Tribe and mission, Basutos and Basuto Church, form one whole, and their reputation has spread together over South Africa.

What is taking place at this moment in South Africa? A vast

work of civilization and Christianization of the blacks. However doubtful may be the results obtained by certain methods of evangelization, however imperfect may be the Christian or Christianized natives, it is nevertheless evident that considerable results have already been obtained. It is not possible that the good seed of the Gospel should have been so plentifully sown during seventy-five years without some success. This preaching of the "good tidings," this new spirit, has worked and borne fruit. The blacks have partially emerged from their torpor. They feel, without reasoning it out, that they need a llew guiding star. They aspire, perhaps unconsciously, to a different organization of their social condition. It is, above all, in the religiolls domain that this spirit of awakening manifests itself.

How do the whites receive these new-born ambitions of the black population? Perturbed and uneasy, because of this spirit of independence and initiative unexpectedly developed among the blacks, they have been taken unawares. Too much caution, slowness, and distrust on the one side, too much haste and lack of method on the other, have produced disastrous results. As a result, most of the South African missions have lost many of their members through Ethiopianism, which, instead of working with them, works against them.

Thank God, thus far it has not been so in Basutoland. 1'he methods adopted there have been both prudent and daring. When it has been well to loose the reins a little we have done so; partial errors have sometimes impaired the whole, but we have succeeded in establishing three principal things: (1) A corps of evangelists, to which is entrusted the evangelization of the heathen. This is very important, and agrees with the principle of " Africa evangelized by the Africans."

(2) A pastorate. The native pastors have to-day the same rights that missionaries have in all that concerns the management of the church. In conference their votes have the same value as ours, and they have shown themselves worthy of it up to the present moment.

(3) One central fund, which unites the twenty parishes and the one hundred and twenty outstations of Basutoland, joining them in view of one common effort, and teaching them, little by little, the great principle of solidarity, which is so foreign to the intelligence and heart of the black.

1'he machinery of work is still far from perfect, but is on the high road to be so, rendering already great service, and, as a whole, does not lack dignity and power. Here is in its main features the ideal organization of a native church, destined to autonomy, and we are ambitious to offer the Church of Basutoland as a model and pattern to the native Ohristians of South Africa. We wish to show the natives what true Ethiopianism can and ought to be-i.e., a church managed

TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS IN BAsUTOLAND

ecclesiastically and I>upported financially by natives only. I am con- vinced that in this respect it is our duty to make our operations better known, and to extend them. It is not impossible that when things settle down again in South Africa that the Dutch (Boer) Synod may consult with us, and ask for our cooperation for the organization into "churches" of the native communities who live in the Orange River Colony. These communities have been neglected and left to them- sehes, but the Dutch Church will not be able to ignore them mu ch longer.

Notwithstanding the difference of race, these blacks of the Orange Colony look to us. Sev- eral misssonaries h a v c had to look after the little on tstations in the Orange ,territory, composed of NEWBERRY HALL TRAINING INSTITUTE, IdOR!JA natives who wished to attach themselves to the Basuto Church. A hrge district, that of Witsgieshock, would open to our influence any day we wished. No one can see what the future has in store for us in South Africa.

But we may be permitted to hope and pray for one great native church, uniting in the same faith and under the same church dis· cipline all natives speaking the Basuto language, both in the Basuto land and in the neighboring countries of the Orange Colony and the Transvaal.

This may appear Utopian. Undoubtedly we are still far from it, but all the more reason for the Basuto mission to continue its work of pioneering and education. It is not from ambition that we wish to see the Basuto Church take the lead in this movement, but solely because it is our conviction that the methods employed in Basutoland are the on~y ones which offer solid guarantees for the futnre. The strength of the Basuto Church arises from the fact that it is based on conver- sion and upon firm discipline.

It' may seem strange to have to in!list upon the necessity of con- version in missionary work. It is, nevertheless, only too true that many of the so-called missionary churches are far from attaching to conversion a primary importance, and that manynstives are received as catechumens upon their simple request,without any careful examina- tion. They are then baptized and admitted to the Lord's Supper with the same incautionsness. This is the cause of much sorrow and failure in the work of the conquest of souls. We have tried to place true con- version at the foundation of the increase of the church, and in this

SCHOOL INSPECTIO~ AT MORIJA respect I believe that we have attained very encouraging results, and have formed a church in which the necessity of conversion is understood and respected. Far be it from us to attempt to appear different from what we are, and to pretend that all native Christians have passed through real conversion. This would be too good to be true. There was a Judas among the twelve, an Ananias and a Sapphira in the primitive church which appears to us so pure and so holy. We only affirm that the Basutos know what conversion is, and understand that to be truly a child of God it is necessary to have passed through this profound crisis. There are those who deceive us and deceive themselves as to the reality of their own conversion, but that can not make void the principle itself. It is important that we should assert our principles more and more in this respect, that we should preach by example, and that we should maintain our methods. In face of the slackness tolerated elsewhere, or practised openly by Ethiopianism, it is necessary that the natives of South Africa should see growing up a church based upon conversion, self-denying, and aspiring after purity and holiness. A church thus directed can not fail to shed around it light and life, and to playa useful role in the rise of this best religious association which will be one day the native church of South Africa. We can never be too ambitious in this respect.

This need of conversion and this aspiration after purity we have strengthened by firm discipline. No doubt we have sometimes been reproached with having abused our authority as an ecclesiastical body by imposing a too severe discipline on the blacks: with having prohibited things which were without importance in the sight of God-

TRIALS AND TRIUMPllS IN nASUToLAND 91'1

which were not bad in themselves, and were onlv national customs, doing no other harm thim shocking our Europe~n id eas. A certain amount of sentimental sympathy has been expressed on this head. My personal conviction is that our discipline is consistent with the spirit of the Gospel, which demands both self-denial and sacrifice from its adherents, and that it will not be possible to raise th e blacks above their primitive barbarism without the destruction and total eradication of polygamy and" marriage by cattle."

As to the prohibition of spirits in all its forms, is it not our duty to fight drunkenness by the only efficacious means? When a nation 80 intelligent and civilized as the French is striving to kill itself by alcohol, what can we expect from an African tribe only half emerged from paganism? It is necessary to forbid the use of it, as we prevent children playing with fire.

As to the fact that we prohibit an adulterer, for instance, from approaching the communion-table, can you blame us for trying to keep order and decency in the most solemn ceremonies of our worship? All church discipline can only be imperfect and t emporary, but discipline is good for us so long as we live on this earth and have not come to the perfect stature of Christ.

In Basutoland our discipline has been our strength. It has prevented paganism from en:tering into the church, from disfignriug and sullying it.

What is the attitude of some other missions who have come fit fi THE NATIVE PRINTERS O[JTSlDE THE HI8810N PRESS

comparatively recent date, and have brought to Basntoland the methods of sectarian proselytism? They have adopted a system of the greatest tolerance. Under this apparent generosity much diplo- macy is concealed. To attract the natives by presenting to them a less severe and more attractive Gospel: to baptize the heathen as they are, without seeking to free them from their paganism, then to hide it all under the cloak of the cnurch-such has been the method not openly avowed but employed in fact; it would be easy to prove this by examples.

Lastly, Ethiopianism has come to make a systematic use of these methods. Out of a spirit of opposition, it proclaims its contempt for all discipline. The leaders, seeking before all to gain popularity, and to gather around them as many people as possible, have closed their eyes, and wilfully ignored ap the faults of the. clergy which they have collected and all the moral wretchedness of their flocks. It is urgent that in this dangerous current the Basuto Ohurch should stand as an immovable rock, submitting bravely to a severe discipline, and offering to all the ideal of purity and holiness which it hopes to attain some day. We have already in this respect rendered some service. Other missions also have recently decided to combat alcoholism and "marriage by cattle." May God grant that the Basuto mission shall remain faithful, and to hold high the standard which it offers to the ,natives, preventing thus the infiltration into its bosom of a paganism which, tho apparently conquered, will only have cleverly concealed itself to reappear in its own time!

Education in Basutoland The system of schools in Basutoland is thoroughly organized, as evidence of which are our one hundred and fifty primary and five superior schools-normal, industrial, etc. We make great sacrifices for our schools, for they playa dO)lble part-that of intellectual teacher of the tribe and religious instructor. We have a large proportion of heathen children in the schools, who receive there their first Biblical instruction. Many of these children receive serious impressions which, as they grow up, lead to their conversion. We can not sufficiently appreciate this admirable instrument of edlfcatioll and evangelization.

It is here that we have a privileged position. Every year there come to us numbers of children and young men from outside tribes, attracted to our schools by a thirst for knowledge. Many young men, who have come from Kimberly, Mafeking, Johannesberg, and elsewhere, to-day have returned home, having found in Basutoland their first stock of knowledge and, what is still better, faith in the Gospel.

The Normal School, and especially the Bible School, have a preponderating part in this outside influence of the mission. Among the pupils of the Normal School we have recently had two nephews of

TRIALS AND TRIUMpHS IN BASUTOLAND

Khama, the celebrated Christian chief of the Ba.Mangwato, and the son of lababu, the famous editor of the Kaffir journal Imvo. There are in Cape Colony schools more important and better equipped than the normal schools of Morija, but the natives have confidence in us and love to send their sons to us. The Bible School is a true nursery of yonng evangelists and teach ers for the Orange Colony, the Transvaal,. and Bechuannaland. Over two hundred young men have come to us thus from foreign parts, and have received from us the best we had to give them, and t.horoughly penetrated with the spirit and the methods of the Basuto mission. . They have returned home to work for th e conversion of th eir countrymen. Some who' have been sent by THE TRAINING INSTITUTION Examination by the committee missionaries of other societies find on their return employment and au assured salary, others who come on their own responsibility estab- · lish little independent and benevolent works. Thus the name and the knowledge of Christ radiates from Basutoland into the regions beyond. Why should we not aim at something of the same kind for our Theological School? It seems to me that it would be an advantage if this school were not exclusively for the Basntos. Of course, it would be necessary to act with prndence and foresight, and not .to provide the means of study to young men who had received no real call; but onr colleagues of the Dutch Church in the Orange Colony and Transvaal are seeing more and more the necessity of evangelizing the blacks. They could not and would not founds theological school for them, but it would be quite possible to make an agreement by which they should send their pupils to Basutoland. 'l'his, moreover,

would be a step toward a federation of native churches-toward true Ethiopianism. But if there is a que~tioll w11ich forces itself upon all the missionary bodies of South Africa, it is the unification of their methods. It is necessary to arrive at a federation of all the native churches based on the same confession of faith, with a pastorate recruited in the same manner and enjoying the same privileges.. Without it the future can not fail to have in store much serious trouble, for the natives will make this unification without us and against us. The Ethiopian movement has clearly shown this. Tho checked to-day, it will show itself to-morrow under another form.

The Influence of Literature For more than forty years the Basuto mission has possessed a modest printing-press which has passed through numberless vicissitudes. During the war of 1865 it was pillaged by the Baiuto warriors, who seized some of the type and melted it down for bullets, the instruments of peace becoming thus weapons of war. Owing to lack of means, this printing-press has never been established with necessary completeness. It has done what it could-sometimes producing much, sometimes stopped for months 01' even years.' Notwit·hstanding these unfavorable circumstances, this useful establishment has produced a very large quantity of books of divers character, of which the principal are: the Bible, published in the first instance in separate books ;~wo hymn-books, numerous catechisms, a history of the church, a Bible dictionary, and a great variety of school-books, without mentioning our two periodicals-the weekly Petite Lurniere (religious, political, and literary), which has already appeared for thirty-five years, and the Journal des Ecoles du Dirnanche et de l' Evangelisation.

This literature, which we-.are trying to develop, and to which we hope to add shortly a complete commentary of the New Testament, is unique of its kind in South Africa. The work of all the other societies united does not equal the publications of our mission alone. Many of the men and young people of the neighboring countries come to study in Basutoland. When they leave they carry with them a small collection of our books, which they sell to their compatriots. Later on, when the supply is exhausted, they write to Morija for more; and thus thousands of our Testaments, hymns-books, and catechisms leave Morija, and go to carry light and joy into the hearts of those who are thirsting for truth and knowledge.

Some years ago, in order to realize a plan of my predecessor, A. Mabille, which death prevented him carrying out, I bought a wagon and four oxen, and employed the services of a native evangelist, whom I sent as a colporteur into the Orange State and the Transvaal.

During one of these journeys, while passing near a village, in a

TRIALS AND TRlUMPHS tN BASUTOLAND

very sequestered part of the Transvaal, he heard some natives singing. The tune seemed familiar, and he stopped the oxen hastily. When he drew near he came into the midst of a group of natives, who, under some large trees, and by such a moon which is only seen in Africa, were dancing to the tune of " Great God, We Bless Thee." Admirable opportunity for a colporteur, and of which he immediately took advan- tage. These poor heathen had learned this hymn from some young Basutos traveling through the country. From village to village the tune and words made the round of the country. Of course they did not understand its meaning, not knowing even that it was a hymn or a prayer. But when the colporteur started out again some days later he left behind him a little light which will not be extinguished. Let it shiue in one soul, and it will be for life eternal.

It is thus that from our books in Basutoland shines forth the knowledge of God and the love of Christ. In 1898, the year before the sale was interrupted by the Anglo-Boer war, the total of our receipts reached 75,000 francs ($15,000), of which 50,000 were from foreigners. Each weekly post brings us fifty, eighty, or one hundred letters from natives, some coming from as far as the extreme north of Rhodesia, enclosing postal orders, bank-notes, and checks-all repeating unceasingly the same strain: "Books, more books, always books." The demand increases every year. We now have to send chests full to Pretoria, Johannesburg; and Kimberly. The poor press of Morija works) labors) groans wofuIly, for it is old and fatigued, but never overtakes its task; always overworked, the machine, the printers, the directors do their best, but never enough.

Our resources at Morija being insufficient, we have had printing done in Tudon, at Nancy, also at the Cape. Even this has not been enough. At present the situation is such that not being able to obtain from us what they want, some o.E our clients are trying to print our books clandestinely-thus doing us a wrong. Our ambition, justified and necessitated by the circumstances, is to establish our printing-press upon a broader basis and to put at its head a trained man.

The Basuto mission, while working only for the conversion of souls, and wishing to preach Christ only, has found itself doing a much vaster work than its founders themselves had anticipated; it has brought twenty thousand souls to Christ, it has powerfully contributed to save from destruction !lnd annihilation a tribe whose vitality and future are to-day assured. Passing over its first limits, it is speeding beyond, stretching its influence, enlarging the circle of its peaceful conquests, and, without expecting either glory or recompense, is trying successfully to spread afar over the blacks less privileged than the Basutos the benefits and life of the Gospel.

The plans of God are always wise, merciful, and far-seeing. It is not without design or by accident that this Gospel has been preserved

from destruction. It is God who has placed it where it is, who has revealed to it the treasures of His grace and love, and is preparing it little by little for an important religious and social mission. '1'he day will come when the Basutos will be called upon to give out that which they have received, and to take an active part in the evangelization of the black races of South Africa. At present the test is still very great. May God grant to us missionaries more faithfulness and consecration, and to the Basutos that they will not harden their hearts.

God has abundantly blessed our persevering efforts in these distant plains. What we have begun, let us finish. The Basuto mission has reached a crisis in its development and growth-the framework is ready, the machinery is at work. We see in a future, of which God alone ~knows the se~rets, the definite formation of a native church automotous and independent. But the moment has not yet come to cry" victory," or to undertake, for the sake of new work, sacrifices which would compromise the present and the future of our mission. For what has been done thus far let me give thanks in Basuto fashion when a present is made them; they say: "Le Ka Moso "-that is, "To-morrow more 1"

SEEKING TO REACH THE EDUCATED HINDUS BY GEORGE SHERWOOD EDDY Secretary for Southern India of the Indian National Council of Young Men's Christian Associations The movement toward Ohristianity in India has begun, as it should, at the bottom of the social scale, and the masses that have been gathered into the Church have been mostly from the lower castes. The Brahmans especially, as the conservators of their religion, whose support and prestige depends upon the snperstition of the poor, have resisted Ohristianity. There are in India nearly five million Englishspeaking natives, educated under a system of Western thought, who are for the most part sympathetic, intelligent, and open to the presentation of Ohristianity in English. These men hold all the influential positions, and lead the people socially and religiously. Many of them who have been educated in mission colleges are favorably disposed towards the truth, and need to be followed up. Apart from educational work very few indeed are working among these men, and they are largely a neglected class. Even fifty miles from a railway I have found audiences of from thirty to fifty English-speaking Hindus. They are always eager for the leuiures, partly as an opportunity of hearing English, partly because of their intense interest in all speculative questions of religion and philosophy, and partly from an openminded desire to compare their religion with others and to hear relig-

SEEH:ING '1'0 }tEACH '1'HE EbuCA1'ED HINDUS

iOllS truth. Perhaps I can best give YOll an idea of these men by tell- ing yon briefly of the last foUl' places where I have worked among them.

The first was in the city of Kumbakonam, which has a population of over fifty thousaud, with a government college and two large high-schools containing over a thousand students, beside a large English-speaking community of past students. It is It grand field for missionary effort, as it is one of the strongest citadels of Brahmanism in India. Yet when I last visited the place there was no missionary working in the city itself, and nothing being done for these Englishspeaking men. One man has now begun work among them, but he is untrained and uneducated, and does not profess to be able to meet them upon their own ground. The city lies wide open for a college settlement, or the establishment of a Ohristian institution, or for evangelistic mission work. Oan not some reader consider this call ?

As I approached the city I found a young Hindu whom I began to question in order to ascertain his point of view, to be able intelligently and sympathetically to help him, and also to be better able to present Ohristianity to the Brahmans of the place. I found the man typical in his views. I asked him what he meant by "God," "sin," and" salvation." Philosophically he was a Pantheist, holding that we are all God and that some day we will be absorbed in Him; and yet following the instincts of his heart he believed that somehow God lo.ved us as our Father in heaven. The fact that these-two views are contradictory is not the slightest obstacle to the Hindu mind, which is full of contradictions. Tho he held that there was ultimately only one God in essence, yet there were countless other dieties or "swamis," which were manifestations of this one God, just as men also are manifestations of God. He admitted the reality of sin, yet he had no deep sense of sin himself, and sin to him was as much a.matter of ceremony as of morality. Killing an ant or failing to perform his temple ceremonies was on the same plan with lying and adultery. He lightly admitted that he lied and took bribes. Salvation, to him, meant deliverance from a personal life of suffering existence here on earth in countless transmigrations, and absorption into God. As for the past, he was bound by that dreadful chain of "Karma," by which he must suffer for all his unknown misdeeds in former births., For the future, he looked forward with vague indefiniteness to drifting into union with God; somewhere, somehow, in some future birth, by his own worh. he might shake off his mortal existence and attain to God- And for the present, paralyzed by a past fate and enervated by an unknown future, he is left" without God," "without hope," without any serious or sufficient motive for morality. He goes to the temple on special days with his offering to the idols, he hurries over his Sanskrit mantram, or prayer, and then his religious duty is done. He is

left free to lead his worldly, sordid life, having almost totally divorceo religion and morality as two separate and unrelated things. Suddenly, as he was talking to me, the Brahman's meal-time came. Turning his back upon me, he hurried through his Sanskrit prayer; then sat upon the floor of the railway carriage and ate his food. When I asked him, he told me the meaning of his prayer, though very few, even of the educated men, have any idea of the meaning of their man trams. These were his words: "Oh, thou Sun-God, invoked into this water which I now hold in my hand; purify the siLS committed by me through anger, or by the mind, the tongue, the hands, the feet (treading on insects, etc.), the stomach and other organs, and from unknown sins." Here he drank the water as a symbol of ceremonial cleansing. And such a prayer, repeated thrice daily, constituted hi~ religion. When I asked him what he meant by "being purified" from sin, he said he did not mean forgiveness, for "God could not forgive, we must suffer for all we have done." This is the religion of a large portion of these 5,000,000 educated men.

The audiences in Kumbakonam gathered in the town-hall and listened attentively to the lectures. They tried to break in at the second lecture with questions and with discussion, but tho I threw the lectures open for discussion during the first year I was in Inoia, I have for the most part endeavored since to gain a quiet hearing for the truth, and to avoid the excitement and self-defensive attitude which questions and discussions arouse. I have learned another lesson, also, in abandoning the apologetic line of argument and of comparison between Hinduism and Christianity, and endeavoring to take them, as it were, off their guard, to lead them to forget the distinction between West and East, between what is theirs and what is ours, and to bring them face to face with sin, and Christ as a Savior from sin. I have fOllnd this method far more fruitful. The first night in Kumbakonam I lectured upon sin and the second night upon Christ.

The next place visited was Vallore, where I found a large Christian college of the American Dutch Reformed Church, with one thousand five hundred students and schoolboys. Here the audience was more sympathetic, owing to the Christian teaching in the college. Let no one think that educational missions are fruitless. Possibly they have not always been as bold and as direct as they might have been, but they are doing a mighty work, and leavening the whole thinking community with Christian truth. No other agency is so effective in reaching the higher classes.

The next place visited was Bangalore. Here the audience rose to four or five hundred, and the interest was intense. There are few audiences so attractive as a Hindu audienee of educated men. If I were asked the attitude of educated Hindus toward a Christian lecture. I would say that it was characterized by the following: (1) Sympathy,

SEEKING TO REACH THE EDUCATED HINDUS

I know of no people naturally so sympathetic, so courteous, and so polite. (2) Toleration. Unlike the begotted and earnest Moham- medans they look upon all religions as rivers leading to the same sea or roads to the same city, partly because they have no clear distinction between truth and error. They tolerate everything, and never tire of comparisons between their religion and others. (3) Speculative interest in all philosophic or religious questions, with delight in all beautiful imaginations or interesting speCUlations, rather than an earnest inquiry after truth, or a desire to know their duty. (4) Lack oj moral earnestness, a separation of religion and morality, of faith and works. (5) A growing patriotism. The national consciousness is awaking. They defend all that is theirs, they resist all that does not praise or tolerate the national religion. (6) A defense of "the higher Hinduism," a reaction against Ohristianity as a Western religion, and the heginning of a revival of their own religion somewhat similar to that which Ohristianity had to face in Rome under Julian. They boast of their sacred books, tho almost none have read them themselves. They know of the obscene stories of their gods, but they explain them allegorically or expurgate them. Just now this revival of higher Hinduism is rallying around the figure of Krishna (explaining away his immorality), and the teaching of the Bhagavath Githa (the highest and purest of their sacred books), and the Pantheistic system of Vedantism. The heroes of this new movement are the late Swami Vivekananda, Mrs. Annie Besant, the famous London convert from materialism to theosophy, and Oolonel Alcot, of America.

After Bangalore I went to another Ohristian college, some miles from the railway, where a large audience thronged the college hall every night. The city was a center of Hinduism, full of idols and temples. We announced three lectures: (1) "What to Live For; or, the True Philosophy of Life" (taking· two sayings of Ohrist, that a man's life consists "not in the abundance of things," but that "this is life to know God," pleading with them to abandon their worldly, sinful life, and search after God; endeavoring to find common ground with them in the first lecture, aad to appeal to their conscience against things which they themselves would admit to be wrong, and which their own sacred books condemn). God's power seemed mightily with us on that first night. On the second night the subject announced was" Karma and Forgiveness; or, the Greatest Prophet in the World," being a statement of the way of sal vation through the atonement of Ohrist. I tried to avoid attacking Hinduism in the lecture. After the meeting, however, the leading Hindus complained that I had evaded the question and had not proved that Karma and Transmigration were untrue. We doubted whether they would even come back to the third lecture, but on the third night the hall was crowded. The excitement was

intense. During the afternoon I had allowed the college students to ask questions at the end of the Scriptnre period. With burning excitement they had questioned and cross-questioned, endeavoring to defend their own religion. It may interest you to know just the ques- tions they asked. I add a list of them: (1) "How can you account for the origin of evil in the world r "

(2) "Why did God permit suffering? Hinduism explains the inequalities of life as suffering for sins in previous births. Can you account for suffering? "

(3) "Were the Jews who never heard of Christ unsaved? Were Socrates and Buddha and such men unsaved because they never heard of Christ?" (l referred them to Romans ii : u-16.) (4) "Why is idolatry wrong ? We do not worship the idol, but merely endeavor to fix our minds upon some object while We worship the one unseen God."

(5) "Why is a mediator necessary?" (6) "Can you show that Christ was the Son of God? " (7) "Are there 110 defects in Christ? Are there any defects in Hinduism? " (8) "Is baptism Ilecessary? Need we break caste to become Christians? " (9) "Why can not Krishna save us? He says, '{Jome unto me and I will save you.'"

These were the questions that were burning in their minds as they came to the lecture. The second night had appeared like defeat.

There remained this last opportunity. I had taken as the subject, "How to Know the Truth; or, The Final Test of a Religion." I pro- posed seven tests by which we could try any claimed incarnation or religious teacher which we could apply impartially to Christ, or to Krishna, or to Mohammed, or to ariy other religious leader.

(1) Was He a proven lIistoric character who lIas helpfully entered human life? ('rhis excludes all their animal incarnations.) (2) Was His teaching the truth of God? Has it nplifted men? Is it the final standard of truth for the world?

(3) Was His character Godlike, holy, sinless? (By implication excluding the immoral Krishna as a possible incarnation.) (4) What Were His claims? Did He claim to be the incarnation of God, the Savior of the world? (This would exclnde Mohammed, Buddha, Confucius, Zoroaster, etc.).

(5) What were the historic effects of His life on earth? Has He changed human history and uplifted men?

(6) His universality. Was He limited, local, provincial, temporary, exclusive; or was He the full and final revelation of truth for the whole world?

(7) Does He meet the needs of human life, satisfy the human heart, meet the test of personal experience?

As one by one we applied these tests to Jesus Christ, and saw Him rise to His rightful place as the only' Savior and the Son of God, as by implication the immoral Krishna was excluded with all other men or fabled deities, the power of God seemed to come down mightily upon

A BURMAN TRAGEDY IN 1876

the audience. For an hour and a half the attention was almost breathless. By the influence of the Spirit their sympathy seemed to be held throughout, yet an unseen power drove home the truth to every heart with unanswerable conviction. At the end of the lecture the principal of the college rose and spoke to the audience with tears. It seemed to me that there were few dry eyes in the room. Seed was sown that night which will bear fruit in eternity.

Never have I known the preciousness and reality of Christ, and never have I seen the beauty and the meaning of His teaching, as when thrown in glorious relief against the darkness, the despair, and the hopelessness of heathenism. Think what it would mean if you had no Bible, no privilege of prayer, no certainty beyond the grave, no hope of meeting loved ones again; no church, but instead a dark idol temple; no forgiveness, but a relentless past of unforgiven sin to haunt and curse you; no personal Savior who spoke and lived and loved and died and rose again, who reveals God to us, and who brings us to God, but launched alone on a vast and boundless sea without chart or compass, without haven or harbor in sight, to sail aimless, helpless, shut in by clouds of darkness and death, and with no Sun of Righteousness to turn our darkness into His marvelous light. This is Hinduism. In the face of it let us ask, " Are we appropriating Christ for ourselves. Are we sacrificing anything to give the life to others? "

A BURMAN TRAGEDY IN 1876 BY REV. JOSEPH S. ADAMS, HANYANG, CHINA The town of Bhamo, Upper Burma, was in holiday attire. Men, women, and children, in their bright{)st silks-laughing, joking, shouting-were wending their way to the south gate of the city. The day was superb; the sun shone brightly down from cloudless skies. The brown, thatched bamboo houses, on both sides of the dusty roads, were half hidden in flowering shrubs. Tall trees-teak, plantain, mango, bamboo, and others of many tones of green-cast a welcome shade upon the crowds.

Through the trees, toward the south, glimpses of the beautiful Irrawadi River were seen. The broad surface was dotted here and there with canoes, bearing companies of men and women on to the place" without the gate," where three unfortunate men, each a condemned criminal, were to pay the last stern penalty of the law.

Pushing our way through the people we reach the execution ground. A few feet apart we see three tall crosses of strong bamboo, to which the prisoners will be bound, after which they are to be disembowled and 1eft slowly to die. Gaming-tables are spread on every side. Stalls for the sale of fruit and other refreshments are doing a

busy trade. Little groups of people are gathered, squatting on the ground, chatting gaily, waiting for the arrival of the military with the unfortunate prisoners.

Lingering there, our thoughts were led back to the days of old, when the Son of God, for our redemption, suffered "without the gate," even as these who were thus to die, lest their blood should defile the city. How the hardness of heart, the contempt of human pain and anguish shown by these careless ones remind us of the enemies who surrounded the blessed Savior in His last dark hour of suffering!

In the distance a procession is seen advancing from the soutl~ gate. The golden umbrellas-sign of the royal authority of the Woon (Governor) of Bhamo-are gleaming in the sun. Soldiers with swords and spears guard the way. The crash of gongs drown the shrill lamentations of the women and children somewhere in the crowd. The prisoners, heavily chained, bearing marks of cruel torture, are carried along and thrown down, each at the foot of his own cross. Poor fellows! for stealing a few pounds of the king's cotton, to pay such a fearful price; but it was a crime committed against the KING!

How hopeless the doomed men were. Vain the strong wrestling with the powers against them. Cruel and hard were the hearts around. There was no reprieve.

A woman cast herself down upon one of the prisoners-only a poor Burmese woman; yet love refused to part with its dear object. She was his wife, and with strong crying and tears; pleaded for mercy. Of what avail is woman's love to deliver from death? The sternfaced soldiers dragged her away with blows and curses, and thrust her among the crowd.

The woon stood, unconcerned, smoking a cigar, and now gave a command in quick, imperious tones. A pompous secretary knelt before him and began reading the death-warrant. The executioner and his assistants knelt also, with ropes and swords ready for the deadly work. The crowd pressed heavily upon the ring of soldiers, anxious to see every detail of the awful scene. The reading is ended. The executioner begins to remove the chains before binding the criminals upon the crosses. The victims groan bitterly, and wildly look around for help which can not reach them.

What does this great shouting mean? The woon has dropped his cigar in astonishment. The" Tsitkay," or captain of the soldiers, orders them to "Beat, beat, the dogs who dare to interfere!" But the ring is pushed aside by the swaying crowd, which opens to pass a troop of yellow-coated Buddhist priests. They have been summoned by the panting, disheveled, heartbroken wife, who turned to them for the mercy she could not find elsewhere. The priests threw their yellow robes over the prostrate, half dead, tortured men. They face the woon, who rages about, livid with anger. They claim their ancient

MISSIONARY NOTES FROM BURMA

privilege of saving the lives of men condemned to die, even from the power of the king himself.

The people shout as the woon retires with his soldiers, cursing _sullenly, for he knows he must not defy the priesthood.

" Life! life! life!" is the cry of the rescued men. How wel- come the coming of the priests to these who were "condemned already"! How opportune the swift messenger of love to those who were able to save! How safe the covering of the yellow robe!

Triumphantly the priests bore the three men to their monastry, first to feed and restore them after the awful ordeal through which they had passed; then they were to shave the head and wear the yellow robe which saved them-saved to serve the Buddha, of whose merit they knew the value. The rescued men could no longer return to the old life. They retained their families, while yet serving the monastry. If for any reason one should resume civilian dress, he threw aside the protection of Buddha, and any man might slay him. Only while abiding under the sacred yellow robe was he safe.

A striking illustration of the protecting power of the blood shed on Calvary for the redemption of the world; a reminder, too, of the danger of going back to the old life, and neglecting that great salva- tion. May we ever wear the robe of His righteousness, who endured the cross, despising the shame, to save us from the power of the broken law, and to deliver us from the bondage of the king of evil! May we emulate the earnestness of the woman who for love's sake sought and found the needed help! Let us go forth to deli vel' those who are in the bands ~f iniquity and the power of death, to the glory of the name of Jehovah Jesus!

The progress of the Kingdom of the Prince of Peace among these interesting Burmese is one of the most fascinating stories of modern missions.

MISSIONARY NOTES FROM BURMA [From correspondence of Rev. George Thomas Leeds, M.D., Ameri- can Baptist Mission, Hsipaw (Thebaw), Burma, engaged in evangelistic, school, and medical work, we make the following extracts as tending to an insight into mission life, for acquaintance with the details of which there seems to be a growing popular desire.] Open your geography to the map of Burma, look northeast about one hundred and thirty-two miles from Mandalay, and you will find Thebaw or Hsipaw. It is situated in a valley mostly occupied by rice farms. On every side are high mountains,covered with dense forests. These towers of strength cause me often to think of Psalm cxxv: 2 with increased security and courage. On the east of the city is a !'iver, not navigable because so shallow, and the high waterfalls. The valley being lower than the surrounding country, all waters flow toward it and off through a defile. The mission dwelling-house is

just outside the city, on a rise of ground, with excellent drainage and a good view.

In jungle touring, pack bullocks or mules are used, there being no cart roads. Unti! the past year all our traveling has been by bullock carts or pack bullocks. Twelve to fifteen miles a day is all that can be made by cart. Now we go to Mandalay in two days; by car~, ten to fifteen days. By rail we can receive goods from Rangoon in six days, by cart the delays were so many that we were from one to three months ·getting goods from Rangoon. Since our mail comes in by train all. the way from Rangoon, we receive it one week earlier.

The hand of the English government is plainly seen in many ways. Improvements in cart roads, streets, sanitation, and house-building are much in evidence. English law is used in the courts and works well for the benefit of the people. A man may now build a comfortable house and make some show of being prosperous, with no one to question his right, whereas, before English rule, if a man began to show signs of prosperity he would be imprisoned or in some way have his property taken from him by the authorities. English rule is greatly beneficial to the people, even tho many of the men who enforce the laws, and represent a Christian nation, are not Christians themselves, and even opposed to Christian work for the native people.

Children of a school-going age in Hsipaw are scarce, because in 1896 this section was visited by the "terrible scourge" small-pox, when three hundred children in the town died. The city was practically childless, nearly every child under twelve years of age having died. Parents do not realize the value of education, but we are glad to teach them its importance and advantages.

What kind of diseases do these people have? Well, with very few exceptions, the same as Americans. The intense glare and brightness of the sun causes many sore eyes. Then, too, they are no doubt caused by slacked lime, which the people eat on a sour leaf. It is smeared on the leaf by the finger, the finger is used to wipe the eyes, and thus the lime is put in the eye. The lime makes the teeth black, and the mouth as foul looking as you could possibly imagine. Chewing lime and betel is a very filthy habit. Three cases of total blindness from cataract have been cured by operation, and many cases of partial blindness from corneal opacities have been cured by medicine.

Each department is evangelistic. Were it not so our work would be in vain. One in charge of a mission station must necessarily do mnch secular work, and without censtant vigilance the spiritual life would be drained dry. Believing that all the work is holy, we endeavor to breathe into all the Christian spirit. We are frequently obliged to do the work of veterinary surgeons, judge, lawyer, scboolt-eacher, farmer, contractor, cook, blacksmith, tinsmith, painter, carpenter, shoemake],', bookkeeper, undertaker, and embalmer, besides the regular work of preacher, pastor, physician, and surgeon.

HEATHEN DARKNESS IN AFRICA

INDIA: TWENTY YEARS AGO AND NOW BY REV. EZEKIAL C. SCUDDER Arcot Mission. lE82-9Q FOR BETTER FOR WORSE 1. (a) Treatment of women more as 1. Less devotion and religion of equals any kind.

(b) Education of women wel- Especially among young men comed in schools and zenanas. and in large towns.

2. Eagerness to accept Western 2. Spread of infidelity among the education. " English educated."

3. Confidence in Western medical 3. Adoption of Western .methods methods and usage. of living, etc.

Sanitation, hospitals. Dress, food. 4. LesEl rigidity in regard to caste. 4. Increase of the .. drink" habit.

Restaurants, tinned foods. Publicly, privately. 5. Formation of the Young Men's 5. Study of the Bible for hostile Hindu Association, etc. purposes. Activity, even tho hostile, bet- Opposition by English edu- ter than lethargy. cated individuals. 6. Rise of the Christian com- Opposition by o['ganizations, munity: Young Men's Hindu Associ- (a) in character and confidence. ations, etc. (b) in esteem of the Hindus. 7. Unifying of mission work by federation and cooperation.

HEATHEN DARKNESS IN AFRICA * ·Condensed from the Record of Christian Work.

BY WILLIS R. HOTCHKISS Missionary of the Friends' Industrial Mission I wish I could give.you a glimpse of the real conditions that prevail in that land without the knowledge of Jesus Christ. Go with me into Central Africa. You find a people absolutely naked in body. Go with me into one of their huts, circular in form. in shape like a beehive, the only opening into which is a little hole two and ~ half feet high by a foot and a half wide, into which you crawl on your hands and knees. When you have got.ten in, and your eyes have become accustomed to the semidarkness. and YOlIr nostrils to the almost over-powering stench, if they can become accustomed to it, a scene of filthiness indescribable greets you. I have counted at night, upon being called to attend to their sick. as many as eleven persons and seventeen goats in a hut fifteen feet in diameter.

Is it any marvel to you that living thus with their beasts for generations they become beastly, beastly in thought. beastly in conversation, beastly in very appearance ?-for the same law works in Africa as in America: the man becomes like his associates. Is it any wonder that amid the putrefying atmosphere of such moral conditions love is throttled to death? Is it any wonder that in some tribes when any are sick they take them into the bush and build a fire beside them and leave them? Where we are, they take them into the bush near by the village, and

fasten a rope about the neck of the man, or the woman, as the case may be; the other end of the rope is fastened somewhere in the village enclosure. Each morning some one deputed for the purpose shakes that rope. If there is answering shake from the poor fellow in the bush yonder, they conclude he is alive, and they carry him a little food. Morning after morning this goes on until there is no anEiwering shake. Then they go forth, tie a rope about his ankles, and drag him farther into the bush. At night there is a horrid carnival of wild beasts; in the morning a few scattered bones tell the tale of what had been the temple of an immortal soul.

My friends, if that Book is true, Jesus Christ died for that soul as truly as He died for your soul and mine. Jesus Christ did not die for the African, He did not die for the Indian, or for the Chinaman, or for the American, as such; there are no national boundaries to the love of God. He did not die for the black man or for the white man, the red man or the yellow man, as such; there are no color lines in heaven. Jesus Christ died for men, and wherever there is a man, there is one for whom the Son of God gave His life.

It was a wonderful thing when A braham Lincoln signed his Emancipation Proclamation, and four million slaves in our country went free. But it was a vastly more wonderful thing when a greater Man than Lincoln signed the World's Emancipation Proclamation with His own blood, and that proclamation He placed in your hands and mine with the injunction: "Go now, go and tell the world's captives I have set them free; go and teil the world's slaves I have stricken the shackles from them." But, God pity us, nineteen centuries have passed, and if we laid our ears to the ground to-night we could hear the clank of the chains and the crack of the whip that tells of the bondage of eight hundred million of our fellows who have_never heard that God signed their emancipation.

These people did not want me there any more than the world wanted its first great missionary, Christ. They tried their best to get rid of meheld councils of war to decide what to do with me. I might say that I was absolutely alone. I went out with five companions. Three of them I buried; the others had to return home, so I was left for the greater portion of four years absolutely alone. Finally, several of the natives came to me with the information that they had decided to kill me if I remained more than three days in their midst. I felt that I was in the place God wanted me to be, and that is the safest place in all the world, as it is also the sweetest. I would to God we could get rid of the notion of saying, "Thy will be done" with a groan, as tho it was necessarily a hard thing God asks of us. God's will is in the sunshine as well as in the shadow. God's will if in the laughter, and the joyousness, and the gladsomeness of life as much as in the sorrow and the afflictions of life. I sent word back to them: "I am here to tell you about God. I expect to stay." They threatened all manner of things. But at the end of the time they came to the conclusion that it was no use, so they issued an order that anyone found bringing any food to the white man was to be killed, and for nearly two months that order was rigidly enforced. It would have fared very ill with me if it had not been for a Divine provision. An old woman used to pass my hut to and from her work in the fields. Every time she passed she managed secretly to drop a root of cassava, the root from which our tapioca comes, before my door. I roasted that root, and it enabled me to eke out my slender supply of provisions throughout

1903J HEATHEN DARKNESS IN AFRICA

those months. God's ravens are not dead yet. When we get to the end of ourselves, we find God there every time, if we are looking for Him. , The people then came to me. If I was determined to stay, I might do so if I would remove across the river. I went across the river and built my house on the very spot where. two months before, they had sentenced me to death. I had to make brick with my own hands, and I laid every brick myself.

The greatest difficulty of all in connection with the work of Christ in Africa is that which comes from the multiplicity of the languages there. I had no word of their language and no means of getting it except through actual contact with the people, as it had never been written before. The first word I got was the word "Nachow," which means, "What is it? " And I flung that word at them, pestered them MR. HOTCHKISS PREACHING TO HEATHENS AND CHRISTIANS IN BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA with it on every possible occasion, as I pointed to tangible things about me, and, listening carefully for their reply, would jot it down phonetically. In that way, in the course of the years, I obtained a vocabulary and grammar of the language. But there was one word that, after two years and a half, two years and a half of persistent effort, I yet had not been able to get; one little word. But as the days passed, and the weeks and the months, and the months lengthened into years, that word grew and grew and grew into mountain-like proportions before me–'-SAvloR. I never knew its meaning until I saw it in the face of the great need that encompassed me, a need which I was powerless to meet until I discovered thab key. I shall never forget the thrill of joy that came to me when, finally, the long search was rewarded. Sitting with my men about the camp-fire night after night, I listened to their stories, hoping against hope the word would come. One evening my head man began telling a story from which I hoped much. It happened that another missionary, a friend of mine, had been attacked by a lion some time

before this, and had been badly wonded. Kikuvi was with him at the time, and was the means of his rescue. As he began relating this story, I said to myself: "Certainly he must drop that word now; I don't see how he can get through it without." I listened with two years and a half of disappointment in the eager concentration of my attention. But he went through the whole story without dropping any word I could construe to be the one I had sought. Sick at heart and disappointed for the thousandth time, I was about to turn away when he remarked casually: "Bu;ana nukuthaniwa na – Kikuvi" (The master was saved by Kikuvi).

I could have shouted for joy. But in order to prove the precious possession that I had gained, I turned upon him and began questioning him, and finally assured, I said to him: "Kikuvi. This is the word I have been wanting you to give me all of these many months, because I wanted to tell you that Jesus, the Son of God, died for you."

The black face lit up as he interrupted me in the midst of my sentence, and I citn see that face still as in the lurid light of the camp-fire he turned to me, exclaiming: "Master, I see it now. I understand. This is what you have been trying to tell us all these moons: that Jesus died to save us from the power of sin."

Never did sweeter word fall from mortal lips than when that word Savior for the first time fell from the lips of that black savage in Central Africa. I spent four years alone, burying three of my companions; myself had fever between thirty and forty tim.es; have several times been ambushed by the natives; three times attacked by lions, several times by rh-inoceri; for fourteen months I ~ever saw a piece of' bread; for two months I had nothing to eat but nati ve beans and sour milk; I had to eat everything from ants to rhinoceri. Do not misunderstand me; I am not posing as a martyr; I enjoyed it. But let me say this: I would gladly go through the whole thing again with my eyes wide open to it if I could have the joy I had that night of bringing that word" Savior" out of the darkness of oblivion and flashing it into another tribe of Central Africa. And do you know there are two hundred, possibly, such tribes in the Dark Continent to-day without a written language, much less a messenger of the Cross. During the past year it has been my great privilege to reduce yet another one of these languages to written form. I have in my bag at the house a little roll which contains all there is in existence in a tangible form of the language of a million people.

Here is the need. How about the supply? I went to explore a mountain one time. Up on top of the mountain it was delightful, exhilirating, bracing to us, but to our native men it was torture. One of the men became ill during the time that we spent there, and finally word reached me which necessitated my return to the station. It was a twenty-mile walk, and the man-could not possibly make the journey without help; so I left three men with him, carefully instructing them how to help him along the way, gave them food sufficient to last until they could get into the station, and charged them under no circumstances to leave him, because the bush swarmed with wild beasts of every description. They assumed the trust. I went on my way. The next day at noon I was sit-

HEATHEN DARKNESS IN AFRICA

ting in my house when the three men came in, but without the sick man. I said to them: "Where is the sick man? Is he dead?" ." No." "Why haven't you brought him in?" "Oh, we ate up the food, and we got hungry. We didn't want to stay there and run the risk of being eaten by lions."

"But don't you know the sick man will be devoured? He can not help himself."

"Well, it doesn't matt!'r; he's going to die anyway." I said: "That isn't the way of the white man. I am going back immediately to see if we can not find him." I started back. All afternoon we marched.. I did not expect to find the man; I knew the bush too well for that; nor did I. But what I did find was the outlipe of a human form in the soft earth beside a little stream whither he had pulled himself, and in horrid suggestiveness around that imprinted form numerous tracts of lions and hyenas. And-Bs that night I lay in my little open tent, and heard the roaring of lions all night, and as the next morning, five minutes' walk from the tent, I came upnn the fresh remains of a zebra that had been pulled down in the night and devoured by the lions, it did not require any stretch of the imagination to tell what had been the fate of the poor sick man. You shudder at such an exhibition of man's inhumanity to man, but let me say this: in the face of the world's great need and in the face of the Divine provision to meet that need, in the face of the ever-multiplying facilities, in the face of your knowledge and mine, I bring home to you the charge, "Thou a1·t the nwn"; for by so much as heaven is higher than the earth, by just so much is it worse to withhold from men the bread of life than it is to deny them bread for their starving physical bodies. What is wanted, then? Simply that we catch the spirit of Christ and translate it into life. What we want is not a gilded, jeweled cross as an ornament about our necks, but the spirit of the cross in our hearts, manifesting itself in a life of self-abnegation for the sake of others. What is wanted is not the story of Calvary and of the crucifixion in a book, but that crucifixion made real in your life and mine. Ah, my friends, I would to God we could get rid of the notion of missions and missionary organizations and every human agency, and get one clear vision of Jesus Christ. If we did, the whole problem of ,missionary finance and missionary workers would be settled. I do not ask· you to pity the heathen. Pity is a weak thing that spends itself in tears and then forgets the object of)t. But I do ask you with all the strength of my heart that you simply treat Jesus Christ right. Is it right? I submit to you that it is not right to receive eternal life at those scarred hands, and then give Him the spare change we happen to have left after we have supplied our luxuries. It is not right to receive h(laven at the price He paid for it and then give Him the odds and ends, the convenient service, the things that cost us nothing. My friends, the crumbs that fall from your laden table are not enough, and they will not do to meet the need of the world that gropes in its ignorance, in its blindness, without God. You have no right to crucify the Lord Jesus Christ afresh upon the cross of your convenient~e.

IMPRESSIONS OF MISSIONS IN ASIA * BY REV. GEORGE F. PENTECOST, D.D.

In what way should the work of Protestants in the Philippines be strengthened and w1~fied ?

The Philippines present a somewhat different aspect from that of other missionary fields, in that they are in a sense an American colony, into which it is not likely that Protestant missionaries from other countries than our own will enter. The work out there is among a people who are either wholly pagan, or, as in the Southern islands, Mohammedan, or, as in Luzon, Panay, et al., nominally Roman Catholics, but Roman Catholic of the densest medieval type, in which ignorance and superstition are more prevalent than any intelligent apprehension of the Gospel of salvation. This latter class is the population, for some time to come, among whom most of the missionaries will have to deal. The American Board has missionaries among the Moros in Mindanao, where all the people, or at least the great mass of them, are Mohammedans. The whole of the Philippines is practically a missionary field for Protestant Christianity. I would suggest the following as being an intelligent, Christian, and almost essential program: 1. The persistent cultivation of Christian unity among the missionaries of the various boards. They should work as one for the building up of an American-Filipino Christian Church. An annual conference, at least, of all missionaries should be held, and the whole missionary field reviewed and discussed upon the basis of data furnished by the several missionaries from the different parts of the islands.

2. The comity, as to territory, already agreed upon, should be faithfully adhered to. In the end better and larger results will accrue to all the missionary operations than from any immediate or temporary advantage gained by anyone board by transgressing this Christian agreement or rhle. This, of course, presupposes that the boards to whom territory has been assigned will adequately man that territory, or at least in good faith and purpose occupy and work it.

3. A pretty free hand should be given to the missionaries in the development of their fields. It is assumed that our missionaries are intelligent and capable men, and are better able to judge of the necessities and methods, especially in emergencies, than can the boards at home.

4. It is of paramount importance that there should be in every center where Americans and other English-speakingpeople are settled, a strong Protestant church for American and all English-speaking people. At present there are in Manila Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Methodists, and Disciples. The Episcopalians are planning, under Bishop Brent, to erect a cathedral church at a cost of not less than $100,000. The Presbyterians are planning to build a church at a cost of $50,000. The Methodists have a fine site and a temporary building, but they must arise and build a house of worship worthy of their great Church. I consider this line of work of paramount importance to the missionary success of Protestant Christianity in the Philippines, and should be regarded as a part of our missionary work• • Condensed from an interview for The Congregationalist.

IMPRESSIONS OF MISSIONS IN ASIA

If you were a young man just entering upon your life-work,. wkich of the missionaTY fields you have just visited would you select 1 From every point of view I should select China. In the first place, the Chinaman is far and away the strongest man in the East. In the second place, the solution of the Chinese question is the most important of all the questions now confronting the world. Without Christianity all the powers of the earth are not able to solve that question. It seems to me that every mission in China should not only be strengthened, but doubly and trebly strengthened. There is not so much romance and out- ward attractiveness in China as in Korea, for instance, or even in Japan; but, after all, the importance of the whole missionary entel'prise lies in China, and to the deeper insight the Chinaman is the most interesting man, the possessor of the finest aDd most solid character.

Is the emphasis being laid too much on education 1 I have never been a great advocate of promiscuous education on the mission fields by mission boards. I do not think we can err in giving good general education to our native converts and their children, but I question the propriety of spending too much of our energy and missionary contributions in providing education for the young men who simply take advantage of its cheapnest for secular and selfish ends. But I have been thrilled and charmed with all the Cllristian schools and colleges I have visited, and I would by no means willingly see one of them closed or crippled. Education and religion are so closely allied that it is difficult to say how far missionary money and enterprise should be divided between the work of evangelization and that of education, except that evangelization ought always to be kept strongly in the fore front. What are the daTkest spots in the missionaTY outlook J In lands of spiritual darkness it is difficult tt speak of "darkest spots." I should say, however, that if there is a darkness more dark than other darkness, it is that which is cast into heathen darkness by the ungodliness of the American and European communities that have invaded the East for the sake of trade and empire. The corruption of Western godliness is the worst evil in the East. Of course, there are noble exceptions among Western commercial men and their families, but as a rule the European and Awerican resident in the East is a constant contradiction to all and everything which the missionary stands for. What are the brightest and most encouraging features 1 The sure purpose and promise of God. The present rapid and extraordinary progress of Christianity among all the people where the missionaries of the cross have gone. The sure and rapid loss of faith on the part of pagans in their own false gods and systems, and the widening and enveloping atmosphere created by missionary work in all heathen lands. There is no question of the ultimate triumph of the Kingdom of God in the Orient. It is only a question of time and means placed at the disposal of the missionary cause. One has only to visit the missionary field, associate with missionaries, and come into actual contact with the astonishing fruits of missionary labor to be convinced of the Divine character of the enterprise, and filled with enthusiasm for the prosecution of the work. The home churches should redouble and quadruple their contributions and interest in all foreign missionary work. The fruits on foreign missionary fields are from twice to ten times greater in proportion to the means expended than at home.

EDITORIALS The Mohonk Conference progressing, and more Indians are The friends of the Indians who yearly becoming citizens and ingather at Mohonk Lake, as guests dividual landholders. The reserof Mr. Albert Smiley, have been the vation and ration systems are means of initiating practically harmful to the Indians' moral and every piece of legislation in the in- physical welfare. The only hope terest of our red brothers which has for the red man's progress is that been enacted by Congrees during he be treated as an individual the past 20 years. This year was rather than as part of a tribe. the 21stConference. Attention has been especially attracted to Indian The condition of white children affairs because of the charges of in Indian territory requires careful corruption against United States consideration. They number four officials in connection with the al- times as many as the Indian chillotment and sale of Indian lands. dren, and yetthe vast majority are These charges are now under in- without school privileges. They vestigation, and consequently were are growing up in vice and ignonot discussed by the Conference. rance, and when Indian Territory The investigation should certainly becomes a State they will probably be thorough, and every wrongdoer be its future office-holders. should be brought to justice. The Indians still need to be pro- Much was said in praise of the tected from the greed of white Christian mission schools among settlers. This is evirlent from the the Indians, and missionaries, educondition of the Pima Indians of cators, and government officials Arizona. They have been peace_ united in testifying to the need able agriculturalists, and take pride of religious instruction in all the in the fact that they have never schools. An Indian might as well taken the life of a white man; but be left in ignorance if his own renow they have been brought to the ligious beliefs are destroyed and verge of starvation by the stealing the true knowledge of God is not of their water by white settlers. given him. Thousands of them are The government plans to build an showing themselves appreciative of expensive dam which may not re- Christian instruction, and are provlieve them, but which will benefit ing earnest, self-sacrificing, intelthose who are robbing them. Their ligent followers of Christ. case enlists our sympathy and calls for action. Among the leading men and Those best acquainted with In- women present at the recent condian affairs are hopeful that the ference were: Hon. John D. Long solution of the problem is in sight, (president), Mr. James Wood (vicebut much still remains to be done. president), A. K. Smiley, Dr. Mer- Anum ber of agencies are useless or rill E. Yates. Hon. Darwin R. harmful and should be discontin- James, Dr. Sheldon Jackson, Dr. ued, but are maintained because Lyman Abbott, Philip C. Garrett, legislators at Washington make it Miss A. B. Scoville, Miss Anna L. a personal matter that the agency Dawes, Mrs.A.H. Page, Rev. Frank in their district should be kept. Wright, and Col. R. H. Pratt, of The evil is recognized and demands Carlisle Indian School. Colonel correction. Pratt put the solution of the Indian The allotment of Indian lands is problem in a sentence when he said: "To civilize the Indian, put him into civilization; to keep him civilized, let him stay there." *

EDITORIALS

The Exterminating of the Jews sacre, Mr. Michael Davitt, commis- Mr. Alexander H. Ford, discussing the "Exterminating of the sioned by the New York American Jews," maintains that the enforcement of the" orthodox faith," and to go to the scene of the disorders the brutal persecution of the Jews in Russia, justify 1'0lstoi's ch9.rge and get at the absolute truth, has against the "Holy Synod" of the odium of instigating brutality in given, in part, the following re- Bessarabia and elsewhere in the dominions of the Czar. Mr. Ford, port: however, believes Russia to be rocked in the crater of a coming The only daily paper in Kishineff revolution, which threatens the is the Bessarabyetz. It is violently temporal supremacy of the same anti-Semitic, and the chief editor, Holy Synod and the suppression of Kroushvan by name, is of Moldaits inquisitorial methods. Russia's vian origin, and he has systematworkmen demand political emanci- ically inflamed the popular feeling pation and the downfall of an au- against the Jews. as the foes of tocratic rule whose two pillars are Russia, as the propagandists of illiteracy and fanaticism. The in· socialism, and as the enemies of dustdal population, driven out of the Christian religion. Kroushmanufacturing centers, take with van's attacks have been continuous' them the secrets of their craft, and for the last six years. Merchants leave behind a wreck of trade, and and employers giving work toJews with this industrial prosperity the were held up to public odium, and hated Jew is closely linked. It is the expulsion or extermination of the Holy Synod that is responsible the race was openly urged. The for anti-Semitism in Russia, pursu- Bessarabyetz has a circulation of ing the Jew with ferocious cruelty 20,000, chiefly among the police, by bands of Cossacks. In the name municipal employees, and workmen of religion, these exiles are forbid- generally. den to seek work at any port on the Baltic, and to approach the Two events occurring shortly befrontier within 30 miles is a capital fore Easter was seized upon by offense. Within the area where he Kroushvan to incite the mob to is allowed to find shelter, the re- murderous violence. One was the strictions are such as to promote Illurder of a boy belonging to the' starvation and induce the death village of Doubbosary, situated of thousands. Property is corre- between Kishineff and Odessa, who spondingly unsafe, and liberty is was killed by his relatives fOJ: gain. unknown. The other was a suicide. It is said that over a million of Jews have been massacred since .. Blood Accusation " the persecution began and exile was decreed. Yet, before Russia was, a Referring to the Jew, "blood acgreat Jewish kingdoll.l existed north of the Black Sea, and Kiev, cusation" is one of the strongest now too "holy" for the Jew to profane, was a Jewish capital. So weapons ever used to stir up race writes Mr. Ford. Truly the poor Jew has had a hard lot in Russia. hatred. One cause of the Kishineff As to the reoent Kishinefi' mas- massacre was a ritual murder charge. Professor Strack, in defin· ing blood ac~usation, says it is now used to denote the accusation that the Jews-or, at least, certain sects -require and employ Christian blood for ritual purposes, and to obtain such blood they even com- mit murder. * It is alleged that blood is mingled with the mazzoth (unleavened bread) at the Passover. If a Chris· tian dies by violence, rabid anti· Semites use the incident to stir UI'

the passions of an ignorant and suo perstitious rabblo, and hence coplE • Jewish Encyclopredia. Vol. III.

massacre I'tnd pillage. The first and foreign missions, refers particcase of blood accusation was in 1144, in Norwich, England; three ularly to the following statement: like charges followed in that century, and in every case condemna- In ,1793 the East India Company passed a tion without trial. In the next resolution that .he sending of missionaries century occurred the famous" Fulda" case, when thirty-four innocent into our Eastern possessions is the maddest, Jews were slaughtered by the cru- most extravagant, most unwarrantable projsaders for supposed complicity in ect that was ever proposed by an enthusiastic the murder of five children. The lunatic_ accused Jews were brutally tortured, and under torture compelled Mr. Morris, anxious to verify this to confess to a crime that was undoubtedly laid to their charge oft-quoted saying, made a careful without proof. Frederick ilL, in order to sift the matter to the bot- search for its origin and found it tom, called representatives from all parts of Europe, whose united tes- first in "The Great Value and Suctimony was that, instead of desiring blood for Passover rites, the cess of Foreign Missions," by Rev. Jews feared to defile themselves with it, and the Emperor decided, John Liggins, in which it is called, "with the general consent of the governing princes, to exonerate "A disgraceful memorial of the the Jews of the district from the grave crime with which they have company." It is also found in been charged, and to declare the remainder of the Jews in Germany " The New Acts of the Apostles." free from all suspicion." Mr. Morris says: At Bazin, Hungary, in the sixteenth century,30 Jews were pub- I have examined the records of licly burned for bleeding to death the East IndiaCompaIiyin the early a nine-year-old boy, who was after- part of 1793, when a discussion reward found alive! and had been, in garding the renewal of their charter fact, stolen by Count Wolf (well was proceeding in the House of named), who aocused the Jews as Commons. Wilberforce had proan easy way of ridding himself of posed resolutions, empowering incertain Jewish creditors! Mr. crease of chaplains and admis- Joseph Jacobs gives a list of over sion into India of missionaries and 120 cases of blood accusation be- schoolmasters, which were passed tween 1144 and 1900, and of these in Committee of the House, tho about one-third belong to the afterward excluded from the Act. boasted nineteenth century! and 14 in the last decade of it! Over The Court of Proprietors of the East India 417 victims have been sacrificed Stock entertained strong objections against during this time, and ]32 in the last them, and a meeting of the General Court century! took place in May, 1793, to consider the sub- ject_ The clause to which they objected most the East India Company and Missions was as follows: "Be it therefore enacted that the said Court shall be, and are hereby, A courteous letter from Mr. Henry empowered and required to appOint and send Morris, of the Madras Civil Service, out, from time to time, a suffiCient number of respecting the East India Company fit and proper persons for carrying into effect the purposes aforesaid, by acting as school- masters, missionaries, or otherwise. "

The meeting was stormy. Some very strong remarks were made against the above clause, especially the words to "require," as well as to "empower," the Court to employ agents for the purpose of imparting to the native inhabitants of the British dominions in India "useful knowledge," and of advancing "their religious and moral im- provement." Mr. Bensley, a Di- rector, used the following phrase: So far from approving the clause, or lis- tening to it with patience, from the first moment I heard of it I considered it the most -wild, extravagant, expensive, and unjustifia- ble project that ever was suggested by the most visionary speculator.

No doubt this is the origin of the whole matter; but it was the utterance of an individual speaker, and not the solemnly recorded res- olution of the Court of Proprietors,

19031 EDITORIALS

which must be distinguished from house-painter. The warden, morethe Court of Directors, elected by them. The resolution actually over,saidhe never had in thatprison passed was as follows: one man who could draw a straight That it is the opinion of this Court that, if the Ecclesiastical Establishment in India line. These are interesting facts, should not at this time be equal to the num- ber of the British subjects at the several but too much must not be carelessly Presidencies, the same should be made com- inferred. Education, whether man- mensurate to the several British Protestant ual or intellectual, may prevent communities in India, and that to go beyond these grosser forms of sin which that Establishment is not only an unwise ex- are the fruits of idleness and incom- penditure of the Company's property, but petency; but it does not prevent may be dangerous to the peace and good sin: it rather changes the field of order of the British possessions in the East sin and crime, and acumenates the Indies. mind and develops the capacity for the more subtle, refined, and No record of a memorial having fashionable forms of godlessness, been presented to the House of which are in the end quite as dam- Commons by the Court of Directors ning. Education has never filled the can be discovered by the Parlia- place of Regeneration, nor can any mentaryReports of 1793. In the schooling but that of the Word and following year one of the best men Spirit make men new creatures. in England, Charles Grant, became a member of the Direction; and I IN MEMORIAM am certain that, while he retained his seat as Director, no such out- LOUISE BENEDICT PIERSON rageous resolution as that under consideration would have been per- BORN JUNE 7, 1864 mitted to pass. We can, therefore, allow the ltssertion that the state- WATERFORD, NEW YORK lIlent in question was embodied in a memorial from the Directors to ENTERED INTO PARADISE be put aside as a fabrication. We should be just to our ancestors then NOVEMBER 2, 1903 governing the country under peculiar difficulties, and we have no NOWGONG, CENTRAL INDIA right to attribute to them, as the governing body, official language She went to India in November, which they never employed. 1901, under appointment of the Women's Union Missionary So- We have given Mr. Morris' letter cietyof New York City, after sev- eral years of fruitful service as in substance, because historical Secretary of the Young Women's Ohristian Association at Poughjustice should be done, and if wrong keepsie, N. Y., and at Lowell, Mass.

impressions have been produced, She felt called to direct work among the destitute women and they should be corrected, and Mr. girls of India, and while studying to acquire the language was mean- Morris is an authority on the suh- time at work among missionaries, at conferences, and as opportunity jects upon which he writes. afforded, with English-speaking residents and natives, or singing Manual Training For Character with her auto-harp in zenanas. Immediately before her last illness Building she spoke at a conference in Luck- now; then went with Miss Delia A writer in the North Amer'ican Fistler, a dear friend, to rest for a few days at Nowgong, Bundelk- Review strongly asserts that man- hand, Central India. While there she was taken with typhoid fever ual training is about as good to and was called to the higher rest of God. prevent criminal practises as vac- Donations Acknowledged cination is to prevent small-pox, No, 'Zi7, Industrial Evang. f,lission." $17 70 He instances the testimony of a No. 278. Industrial Evang. Mission … 2500 No. 279. Industrial Evang. Mission… 5 00 warden in a certain Southern peni- No. 280, Industrial Evang. Mission… 12 50 No.281. Industrial Evang. Mission.,. 1800 tentiary, where among all the con- No, 282 Industrial Evang. Mission… 10 00 No. 283. Industrial Evang. Mission,.. 19 25 victs there was not one per cent, No. 284. Industrial Evang. Mission… 340 No. 285. Industrial Evang. Mission… 1250 that had any such manual training beyond a little acquaintance with farming; where there was not one shoemaker, tailor, carpenter, or printer, and but one mechanic-a

BOOKS FOR THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY THE FO[JNDER OF MORMONISM. By I. Wood- brought to those in despair, and bridge Riley. Dodd, Mead & Co., N. Y. how lives have been transformed by the power of God, we wonder Mr. RilEY'S sketch is a very in- that such work was not undertaken structive and suggestive book. It sooner. Mrs. Booth tells the stories is what it professes to be-" a of many of the prisoners who have psychological study of Joseph been redeemed, and while some of Smith, Jr." Professor Riley, after a the charm of her personality is long study of hypnosis and kindred lacking, the stirring narrative has themes, has carefully examined the effect of awakening an earnest the history of the Smith family, desire to have some part in this and traced back for generations his Christlike work. The book is inpsychological traits. He studies tensely interesting, and the Volunwith equal care the locality where teer Prison League caUs for our he lived and the favoring conditions for the development of the move- heMty I>ymi'athy and I>ui'port. * ment he originated. The conclusion is that there was in this re- ALGONQUIN INDIAN TALES. By Rev. Egerton markable man a combination of reality and unreality, fraud and R. Young. Illustrated. 8vo, 258 pp. $1.25.· sincerity, which can be accounted Eaton & Mains, New York. 1903. for only by !tbnormalities in his constitution. In ten chapters Pro- Egerton Young is a prince among fessor Riley discusses Smith's ancestry and dreams, environment story-tellers. He has gathered and visions, the Mormon documents and their sources, the author's here a large number of beautiful mentality; then he exami~es his claims as a prophet, seer, revelator, and suggestive Indian legends reoccultist, exorcist, and faith healer. The book is most carefully written lating to animals, and the forces of with abundant foot-notes for verication, quotation, and reference; nature which are interesting to old and, in fact, the discussion is so scientific that we feel as tho we and young, both from their story were reading a treatise on mesmerism, hypnosis, spiritualism, clair- standpoint and as a study of the voyance, and kindred phenomena, quite as much as a biographical folklore of a dying race. From the sketch. adult's standpoint the book is made AFTER PRISON, WIIAT? By Maud BaUington Booth. 8vo, 290 pp. $1.25, net. Fleming less attractive by the narrative in H. Revell Co. 1903. which the stories are woven, but " In prison and ye visited Me," might be the legend written across this may possibly add to their the title-page of this volume. It ~unts the stm:y ot the w01'k ot interest for children. * '·The Little Mother" for the rescue of "her boys " in the states prisons PRACTICAL LESSONS FROM THE EXPERIENCE of the United States. It is a won- OF ISRAEL FOR TRE CHIIRCH OF TO·DAY. derful story and beautifully told. By Evangelist F. C. Gilbert. a Hebrew· As we read how hope has been Christian. 8vo, 390 pp. $1.00, $1.25, and $2.00. Puhlished by the ;uthor, South Lancaster, Mass. 1902.

This book is at once a compen- dium, reference book, and text-book on Bible study, In the first chapter on "God's Purpose with the Jews," the author discusses the Talmudic writings, the different sects of the Jews, God's purpose in the sanctu- ary, the priesthood and the offer- ugl>, the festiva.ls a.nd the fasts, etc Mr. Gilbert isa Hebrew scholar and thoroughly conversant with the traditions of his Jewish breth- ren, so that these traditions, as they existed at the time of Christ,

19031 BOOKS FOR THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

are vividly portrayed, and a fine Mrs. H. B. Cook has gathered exdescription of the Jewish customs, tracts to form a vivid picture of laws, and commandments, which the daily life and work of a medi- Christ so frequently condemned, is cal missionary in one of the most given. .Chapter VIII., on "What fascinating mission fields in the world. Dr. Cook tells of "Uror the Jews Might Have Known," and gency Calls," "Traveling Under Difficulties," "A Perilous Canoe Chapter XVIII., on "The Yoke Voyage, " " Work Among the Bondage, "deserveespecial mention, Wounded," "A Christian Hero," but the book, as a whole, will prove etc. Illustrations from photomost helpful to the student of the graphs add to the pen pictures. * Bible. Nearly 2,000 passages of Scripture are used in the work, and INTO ALL THE WORLD. By Amos R. Wells. there are over 50 illustrations, Illustrated. Maps. 12mo, 231 pp. 5Oc. drawings, charts, and diagrams. Paper, 35e. United Society of Christian An analytical Table of Contents, a Endeavor. Boston. 1903. scriptural and a general Index add to the usefulness of the volume. This is a volume of the" F'Orward Mission Study Course for Young Mr. Gilbert states that funds from People," edited by S. Earl Taylor the proceeds of the book shall be and Amos R. Wells. It is a conused for mission work among the densed introductory study of for- Jews in Boston, and knowing that eign mission fields by countries, at present no IIlission exists among adapted for class use. It is excelthe numerous Jews of Boston, and that Mr. Gilbert's edUcation, Jew- lently planned for the purpose. * ish as well as Christian, fits him for the work, we hope that he may be PRIl'"CELY MEN OF THE HEAVENLY KINGDOM. enabled to en ter upon the work. By Harlan P. Beach. Illustrated. 12mo, L. M. 244 pp. 50c. Paper. 35e. United Society of Christian Endeayor. Boston. 1903. SNAPSHOTS FROM THE PACIFIC. By Bishop Ridley. 12mo. 192 pp. 18. Church Mis- A biographical study of some sionary Society. London. 1903. leading missionaries to Ohina for the same study course. There are Bishop Ridley is one of the fa- sketches of Morrison, Mackenzie, inous living missionaries to the red Gilmour, Nevius, Mackay, etc. It men of British America.' His let- is a supplement to the "General ters, which make up this volume Studies of Ohina," by Dr. Arthur of snapshots, are full of anecdotes H. Smith. and incidents relating to "medicine men," trials and triumphs in PASTOR HSI, OF NORTH CHINA. By Mrs. Howmissionary work, Indians of all ard Taylor. China Inland Missions. sizes, conditions, and charactprs. The letters have much that is per- Of this book Rev. J. Hudson Taysonal, but give an excellent idea of I~r writes: "Intensely interesting, the bishop's work in the diocese of it will carry the reader's attention Caledonia, British America. * from beginning to end. Great pains have been taken to insure A DOCTOR AND HIS DOG IN UGANDA. By A. thorough accuracy in relating the R. Cook. Illustrated. Map. l~mo, 162 facts of this remarkable life. This pp. 28. Religious Tract Society. Lon- book is as equel to 'One of Ohina's don. 1903. Scholars,' and far surpasses in in- terest that earlier part of the story. Our readers are already acquaint- It ought to do much toward deeped with Dr. Cook and his work as en ing the spiritual life of the Lord's a physician to the bodies and souls people, and in calling forth the of the black men of Central Africa. prayer that many more such men From his exceedingly graphic and may be raised up among the literati j.nteresting letters and journals, of China."

ON THE THRESHOLD OF CENTRAL AFRICA. By 5. The impetus which Ramabai's Franl'ois CoWard. Illustrated. 8vo, 650 example has given to the Indian Vo'rk~2.~.American Tract Society, New Christian Church.

We reviewed this valuable book 6. Other schools started for girls and widows of India. Besides this, when it was published in England the leaders of many other faith in- stitutions look to her for advice, a few years ago. M. Coillard is one "help, and encouragement.

of the ablest living missionaries, None of Ramabai's institutions are yet self-supporting. Mukti Sa.- and his story of twenty years' dan, Kripa Sadan, and the Boys' Orphanage are all faith institupioneering among the Barotsi's of tions, started in obedience to God's call; and while Ramabai makes the Upper Zambesi is full to over- known to the public the needs of Hindu women, she no longer makes flowing with interest and instruc- direct appeals for money, except in prayer to God alone, Leaving Him tion. * to suggest to His children whether they should help the work or not. PANDITA &AMABAI: THE WIDOW'S Fr.IEND. An Australasian edition of .. The Hindu THE GLORY OF ISRAEL is a new High Caste Woman." By Pandita Rama- hai. With a sequel by her daughter Man- magazine reiating to Jewish mis- oramabai. Illustrated. 12mo, 195 pp. R8., 2-10-0; 38. 6d.; $1.00. Order from Pandita sions. It is edited by Rev. T. W. Ramabai, Kedgaon, Poona District, India. Chalmers, of the "Union Mission When Ramabai's book first made its appearance, it awakened men to Israel," in Pittsburg. (50 cents and women of America, England, and India to a clearer realization of a year.) The first number promises the terrible wrongs that the women of India were suffering-and the well, with notes on Jewish missions, little children as well. It fearlessly revealed the actual condition of "A Plea for Jewish Evangelizathings, and told what a Hindu educated woman believed to be the tion," a sketch of "Joseph Rabino- witz," etc.

cause and the remedy. It is still NEW BOOKS the best book on the subject, and TO-DAY IN SYRIA AND PALESTINIJ:. By William Elroy Curtis. Illustrated. 8vo, 529 pp. this edition is made doubly valu- $2.00, net. Revell. 1903. My TOUR IN PALESTINE AND SYRIA. By F. H. able by Manoramabai's sequel, Deverell. Illustrated. Map. 8vo, 269 pp.

which tells of Ramabai's rescue Eyre & Spottiswood, London. 1903.

work, from the founding of Sharada A FLIGHT FOR LIFE. By Rev. .James H.

RobertS. $1.25. The Pilgrim Pr""", Bo8- Sadan to 1901. It is full of interest- ton. 1903. THK CHINESE BOOK OF MARTYRS. By Luella Miner. $1.50, net. The Pilgrim Press, ing incidents which show the preju- Boston. 1903.

dice and hatred of Hindu men, de- ON THE THRESHOLD OF CENTRAL AFRICA. By FraD<;ois Coillard. Illustrated. Map. scribes the terrible famine scenes of 8vo, 650 pp. $2.50. American Tract So- 1897, and tells of the blessed results – ciety, New York. 1903. SNAPSHOTS FROM THE NORTH PACIFIC. By of saving and teaching the young Bishop Ridley. Illustrated. 12mo, 195 widows. pp. 2… Church Missionary Society, Lon- don. 1903.

We quote few a paragraphs about AFTER PRISON, WHAT? By Maud Ballington Booth. 8vo, 290 pp. $1.25, net. Fleming influence of the Pundita's work: H. Revell Co. 1903.

1. An increased sentiment in the THE WORKlNG MAN AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS. By Charles Stetzle. 12mo. 75c., net. Flem- Hindu comlUunity in favor of ing H. Revell Co. 1903. THE NEGRO PROBLEM. Illustrated. 12mo.234 widow remarriage. 2. Increasing interest in the Kin- pp $1.25. net. .James Pott & Co., New York. 1903.

dergarten system and female educa- CONQUESTS OF THE BIBLE. Illustrated Report of the B. and F. B. S .• London. ln02-3. tion. 3. The desire of Hindu men for PIONEER MISSIONARIES OF THE CHURCH By C. C. Creegan 12mo. $U'5. American the education of their wives. Tract Society, New York. 1903.

4. Hindu people who live in Ked- PRINCELY MEN TN THE HEAV]l)NLY KINGDOM.

gaon and the surrounding country By Rev. H. P. Beach. 12mO, 244 PI'. nO".

Paper. 35c. United Society of Christian are more careful not to ill-treat the Endeavor, Boston. 1903. little wives and widows, lest they STRANGE FACES FROM MANY PLACES. Pamphrun away and go to Ramabai. let. 9d. Church Missionary Socie~y, London. 1903.

1903J GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE AMERICA An Occupation The Central Union M.ost Christlike Railway Station of What One Tho the wisdom of Cincinnati is not a Society the method of rais- particularly attractive resort. It is capacious enough, but dark, Has Done ing money adopted gloomy, filled with oppressiveness and stale odors of smoke and damp- by the Christian ness. There is a figure there which always catches our eye. It is that and Missionary Alliance (of which of one of the members of our Cin- cinnati Deaconess Home. She is Rev. A. B. Simpson is the head) put there to direct, befriend, and save from those who would entrap may well be doubted-that of de- and betray them young girls com- ing into the city from country pending mainly upon appeals and homes, and unaware of the human vultures lurking to devour them. collections made at 11 few large an- We have been introduced to this deaconess a number of times, but nual conventions held in various she never recognizes us. Wedoubt if she ever sees us. Her eyes are parts of the country-yet the re- intently strained for others. She wants to be the first to greet those flultS thus secured tire by no means she would assist. It is a Christ- like work, made necessary by the inconsiderable, si.nce in this way diabolical deeds of infamy plotted by inhuman ghouls. But we h:tve some $215,000 have been paid or often thought of this sister of the people, with her young life and pledged this year-at Old Orchard, sweet face, spending her days, sum- mer and winter, standing and $42,000; Lancaster, Pa., $37,000; walking on those cold pavements and amid all the hissing of steam, Cleveland, $12,500; Atlanta, $10,- shrieking of whistles, clamor of bells, and rushing of continuous 500; New York City, $96,000, etc. crowds-in that noxious atmos- phere, full of griminess and rheu- Dr. Dowie's Speaking of John matic threatenings. But it is such as she who hold at bay the emis- .. Mission" to Alexander Dowie saries of the evil one. She is an angel of light in that place devoid New York City and his financial of sunshine.-Wesfe1'n Chr'istian Advocate. shrewdness, the In- terior, of Chicago, says: Bible Teachers' This school aims to Training.school. train Bible teach- Boston, Chicago, and Salt Lake all show to us that among modern New York ers for work at inventions no invention pays like a home and abroad. new religion. Anybody who has listened to Dr. Dowie knows that Under the presidency of Dr. W. W. he can't preach, just as anybody White, and with the assistance of who has read" Science and Health" a large number of able Bible teach;- knows that the author of that well- sold book can not write English. But the modern Elijah can adver- tise to perfection. No man ever lived who understood that art bet- ter. Hi~ rainbow-colored pulpit gowns, hIS surpliced choir, his nni- for~ed guards, and constant pro- ceSSlOns of one sort and another all stamp him as the shrewdest "promoter" of the age. And now that he is about to imitate the great spectacular effects of Lourdes, in France, by railway trains run to accommodate his disciples and be- lievers, we see that he can take a hint as well as originate' devices. The monks at Lourdes receive each . twelvemonth as much as Dr. Dowie has acc~ml!lated in ~wenty years, and a wmnmg card m their great game is the railway" specials" run from every part of France and cen· tering at the famous grotto.

ers and lecturers on various topics, new men arrive, now en 1'oute, this school offers a splendid oppor- there will be 4 white men on the tunity for missionaries on furlough tiehl. We ha.ve never had a word and those preparing for the field to of complaint from our white mislearn to use their .. Sword of the Spirit" to better advantage. The sionaries nor from the natives conschedule for the present term in- cerning the acceptability or work cludes courses in the Gospels, Isaiah, and other books of the Bible; of the negro missionaries. Mr. Church History and Missions, Sheppard is a fellow of the Royal Prayer, Homiletics, Teaching, Personal Work, The Christian Life, Geographical Society, and the other and Oriental Research. Among the instructors are Dr. White, Mr. negro missionaries all have fairly George Soltau, Robert E. Speer, good education, one of them being and Dr. Rogers, of Drew Theologi- a physician. cal Seminary. Further informa· tion may be had from Dr. W. W. Tuskegee A gift has recently White, 83 East Fifty-fifth Street, New York City. Moving been received by Forward this school of $20,- 000 from the estate of Edward I. Brown, of Boston.

In attendance the 1,200 mark has been passed, within thirty days 1,048 were refused admission for lack of room and means, and on an average about 30 a day appliedin The Oriental This training-school vain to be received. During the Mission for missionaries has past few months the school has re- Seminary. just been founded ceived over $1,600 in small dona- Boston. Mass. by Rev. P. Holler, tions from colored people in vari- a returned mission- ous parts of the country, the largest ary from India. It aims to give a sum ever received toward its sup- real technical missionary training port from colored people in one in vernaculars, religions, and phi- year.

losophies of non-Christians and in Red Men Mol' ethan 1,500 in a Christian Christian S i 0 u x history and theory of missions to Council met in annual conmale and female resident and cor- ference September respondent missionary candidates, 10-13, coming together from the two Dakotas, Minnesota, Nebraska, and to pastors and mission friends and Montana. Two hundred dele- gates were enrolled, representing at home. It if! non-sectarian, and every church and every organiza- tion of an educational 01' a religious includes a correspondence course. character under the auspices of the Presbyterian and Congregational Further information may be had denominations among' the Sioux. For sixty-nine years these 2 bodi~s by applying to Rev. P. Holler, 135 of Christians have been carrying on the work of missions among Hillside Street, Roxbury, Boston, this tribe. Of the 30,000 Sioux, fully one-fourth are under the Mass. dominating influences of these 2 churches. There are organized The Negro as The N ash v i 11 e among them some 50 congrega- a Missionary Christian Advocate tions, with an aggregate member. ship of 2,500 communicants and having stated that 1,500 Sunday – school members. some of the mission boards .. had not been able to make satisfactory use of negro missionaries," The Missionary (Presbyterian Church, South) publishes this statement from Dr. Williams, of the Upper Kongo Mission: In connection with our Luebo Presbyterian Mission we have 8 negro missionaries, and when 2

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

They have churcheFl, Sunday- 13,000 people. In addition to all schools, prayer-meetings, Young Men's Christian Associations, this loss of church property, many Young People's Societies, Christian of the people of the island lost their Endeavor, and missionary societies marketable produce, their food -all the machinery of modern supplies, and also their homes, with church organizations in efficient all that they contained. The Engoperation. One of the most strik- lish Baptist Missionary Society has ing features was the anniversary promptly responded to the appeal of the woman's missionary associa- for help, and has opened a Jamaica tions. These women of the plains Relief Fund. Serious damage also contribute annually more than one befel the work of the United Free dollar per capita to missions. Church of Scotland.

Evangelization As the fruitage of The Panama Here is a republic of Cuba only four years' Republic born in a day (No- work, the following vember5, 10(3), and 12 Christian bodies are now repre- without a drop of blood being shed sented in this island: Baptist apparently. It seems likely to con- (North and South), Presbyterian tinue to control the Isthmus of (North and South), Methodist Panama, tho Columbia will proba- Church (South), Congregational, bly make a stubborn remonstrance Disciple, Episcopal, Quaker, Evan- and resistance to being deprived of gelical Association, Unitarian Pen- so valuable a strip of territory. tecostal Mission, and some scattered The revolt was carefully planned, work besides. Approximatestatis- and seems to have been well-nigh tics are as follows: unanimous with part of the people.

Churches and preaching stations 100 The only missions in Panama are Pastors and preachers.. . . . . . . . . . 150 the British and Foreign Sailors' Church edifices…………. ….. 10 Society in Colon, and Wesleyan Church members ……………. 3,000 Methodist Mission in Colon and Candidates for membership… .. 600 Aspinwall. Candidates for the ministry. . . . . 20 Sunday·schools. … .. . …… .. … 85 The reports from Colombia, Pupils………………………. 4,000 where the Presbyterian Church Day-schools…………………. 55 (North) has a strong mission and Pupils………………………. 2,000 the American Bible Society has colporteurs, are somewhat disquiet- Desolation The cyclone which ing; but it is hoped that the storm in Jamaica swept over the will soon blow over, and that the work can then go forward as usual. island of Jamaica a few weeks ago did an immense EUROPE amount of damage to the chapels The Bible The British and and mission houses of the Baptist Society's New Foreign Bible Socongregations. According to the Departure ciety is making its statement put forth by the Jamaica Baptist Union, 33 chapels were de- centennial notable stroyed and 20 damaged, 6 mission by a special offering of the revised houses were destroyed and 11 edition of the Bible to the Englishdamaged, 17 school-rooms and 8 speaking world. Heretofore the teacher-s' residences were destroyed, society has confined its Bible puband 4 more of both school-rooms lication to the Authorized Version. and residences were injured. The But this year it issues the Revised general loss is estimated by the Version for general circulation. A Union at not less than $75,000. cheap edition has also appeared of The chapels that were demolished the whole Bible which can be sold furnished accommodation for about

in India for 10 annas, and the New had 23 male missionaries in China., Testament, in a little larger type, at 4, annas. Thousands of these but no lady missionary, when he latter will soon find their way into the hands of the students and Eng- visited that empire twenty years lish-speakingnatives in all parts of the land. The society is also to be ago. To-day there were 72 missioncommended for its enterprise in arranging for a standard Greek aries, of whom 18 were women. The text of the New Testament, now in course of preparation. number of church-members had in- The Wesleyan The Wesleyan Mis- creased fivefold, and now totaled Forward sionary Society of Movement England is reJoI- nearly 10,000. The remarkable cing over a revived growth of Christian work in China missionary interest, but the expressed hope of the recent confer- during recent years, and the posience at Camborne was "that the revival will extend throughout all tion and needs of the active Chrisour circuits, and raise our whole missionary enterprise to a level tian community which has been worthy of our history and our vocation." The conference declared gathered by the labors of the soits deliberate conviction that the present duty of the Church to the ciety's missionaries, has created foreign missionary cause required that (a) the missionary prayer- many serious problems. meeting should be revived in every circuit; (b) there should be a great A Society It appears that the increase in the number of lives ("onsecrated to missionary service and Evangelical and C. M. S. is taken to pledged subscribers to and workers for the cause; (c) the present income also Fraternal task by some Britof the missionary society should be at least doubled. ish Episcopalians Serious Dearth At a recent meet- for being so liberal and brotherly of Missionaries iug of the directors as touching other missions, and of the London Missionary Society special attention. hence puts forth this " maniwas called to the dearth of male and female candidates for the mis- festo ": sionary service in connection with the society. Through lack of funds The Church Missionary Society the society has for some time been has its own distinctive principlescompelled to discourage offers of the principles of the Apostolic Age, service, but need of workers is now of the English Reformation, of the being felt acutely, especially in view Evangelical Revival; and on those of possible developments .with the principles it stands, and intends by aid of funds from the Al'thington the grace of God to stand. It bequest. The Rev. R. Wardlaw maintains, and will maintain, its Thompson stated that the society just ilidependence-not independ- ence of the Church Dr of its consti- tuted authorities, but the reason- able independence of a body of loyal Churchmen banded together for the preaching of Christ in the world. At the same time, it de- clines to be turned aside by ground- less and unworthy suspicions from its ancient practise of friendly in- tercourse with othe-:- societies, whether within the Church of Eng- land or within the wider range of Protestant Christendom; and it rejoices to see, what its founders would have rejoiced to see-" but died without the sight "-the Church of England as a body, and its Episcopate in particular, foster- ing the missionary enterprise. Let the words of the great Bishop of Minnesota., at the C. M. S. Centen- ary meeting in this hall, be recalled. " I have tried," he said, "to see the image of my Master upon the faces of those from whom I differ, and God has overpaid me a thou- sandfold."

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCB

The Growth of a Decade in French nance of the work of the Board in Miss.ions.-The record of the Evan- Micronesia, and while unable to gelical Missionary Society of Paris, assume this work, they are solicit- which is the society of Protestants ous that it be carried on in full in France, during the last decade strength. This proposal is a prac- is very commendable. In all tical proof of the sincerity of their France' there are about 600,000 desire and of the noble Christian Protestants, and during the past comity of these brethren, and ten years their foreign missionaries promises well for the future of the have increased from 37 to 97, and work in Micronesia.-Missionary their annual income from $65,000 Herald.

to $225,000. Marked There are but 4 Protestantism Protestants in Bel- Growth in American Boa l' d in Belgium gium, as also in Audria mission arie s in France, are a feeble Austria, but there folk, but of late have been rapidly are 14 ordained Bohemian pastors coming to activity and vigor. As and 5 .evangelists. The report of far back as 1887 a Bible depository the missions just received states was opened by the British and that 213 new members were re- Foreign Bible Society, with a col- ceived into the churches during porteur following soon. In 1848 the year and 5 new churches were the Belgian Missionary Church was organized, making 18 Congrega- organized, which has since grown tional churches now in the mission, to 35 churches, with 6,351 members, with 1,414 members. During the with 37 pastors and 12 colporteurs year 1,880 Bibles W9re distributed, to care for these and 100 other 11,803 Testaments, and 7,882 por- places of regular worship, and 80 tions, besides large quantities of other stations. Strange to say, other evangelical literature.

thus far, since theological schools Sale of Mr. Joseph Mcfor Belgians do not exist, no Bel- Indulgences Cabe, once a Cathogian pastor is to be had, and of the 37, 1 is a German, 2 are French, 4 in Spain lic priest, has an are Flemish, and all the rest are article in the Con- Swiss. temporary Review for July, in which he says: A Fine Case The Christian En- Few in England are aware that of Christian deavor Union of the Church of Rome continues in Comity Berlin, Germany, Spain, in the twentieth century, under the lead' of the outrageous practise of the sale their president, Rev. F. Belcher, of indulgences, against which the has offered to support 1 or 2 Ger- conscience of Europe protested s~ man missionaries under the care of the American Board in the Caro- vehemently four centuries ago. I line Islands. The Board has been say deliberately the "oale" of inseeking such missionaries, so as to comply with the request of the dulgences, for the subterfuge by local authorities that the German which the Church seeks to evade language instead of English may be used in the training-schools. This the charge is hardly less discreditoffer comes most opportunely to able than the fact. I have two of meet this demand. The Protestant German missionary societies are these precious documents, or bulas, deeply interested in the mainte- before me. They were bought by a friend in Madrid in the year of grace 1901, and they bear that date. A conspicuous bill in the window of an ordinary bookseller's shop announced that bulas were to be had within, and my friend went in and asked for some. He is clearly not a Spaniard, presumably a her-

etic, but no questions were asked. mission station can be opened, and For the sum of 75 centesimos (nomi- the two in existence are hopelessly nally 7%,dJ-the sum being stated inadequate to touch even the fringe very conspicuously on the top of of Judaism. In Galicia almost the the bula-he was handed a much- same state of things exists; the besealed and imposingly phrased Jesuits have such power-that Protdocument which promised him a estant missions are well-nigh im- " plenary indulgence" on the usual possible. conditions. A further7%,d. secUI'ed a bula which granted him permis- One land, however, is open to the sion to eat meat on the days of missionary, and that is Roumania. Lent. Both documents talk mag- The difficulty there is the treatniloquently of the crusades in which ment of the Jews by ~hose who are Spain took so glorious a part. The known to them as Ohristians. The Spaniards helped rather by money Jew is expected to fulfil all the than by personal service, and the duties of a citizen, but is allowed Holy Father rewarded them with none of the rights which belong to these spiritual privileges. Very citizenship. He is excluded from soon the transaction became uncom- many trades and professions, and monly like a sale. No alms-limos- entirely from the civil service and na, as the bula calls your payment higher ranks of the army. He is -no indulgence; pay your 75 cent- compelled to live in the towns only, imos, and the document is handed and is refused the right to own 9ver in a very business-like way. land. He is, in addition, subjected to various forms of oppression, The Decease Pastor Friedrich and is the object of contempt and hatred. of a Christian S tot t e, supel'in- None the less does the form of Hebrew ten_ 'ntof the West Ohristianity professed in this land repel him. He sees in the churches German Society for picture-worship; in the priests ig- norantand often worldly men; and Israel since 1877, died July 30th, at in the people utter ignorance of the Bible and the real truths of their the age of sixty-two years. The or- faith.

ganization grew and prospered Missionary work was commenced here as a result of the tour of inunderhis efficient management, and spection made by Drs. Bonar and M'Oheyne in 1840. The center of it will be difficult to find a successor. the work is at Bucharest, the capi- tal of the country, which contains In addition to direct work among some 45,000 Jews. School work is carried on among the children. No the Jews, Pastor Stottewas deeply less than 4,000 girls have passed through the girls' old school, and interested in the formation of an in- there are 227 at present under in- struction. A new effort has lately ternational organization of Jewish been made to reach the better class Jews by opening a high school for missionary societies. It was chiefly girls. This has been wonderfully blessed of God, and was filled up through his personal efforts that almost from the day of opening. It has 194 girls, of whom 15 are boardthe General Oonference for the ers, and the school is self-support- Work of the Evangelical Ohurches among Israel was held in Oologne, October 6, 1000, and he rejoiced in ,the prospect of the second General Oonference, held in London Octo- ber 21 of this year.

Work Among The Jewish nation the Jews has been estimated of Roumania to number 10,000,- 000. Of these no less than three-fifths-that is, 6,000,OOO-live in Eastern Europe.

Here, then, is the real problem of Jewish missions. But it is an ex- ceedingly difficult one. Four mil- lions of Jews are shut up in the ghettos of Russia, where no new

1903J GENERAL MlSSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

ing. It is our great longing, as toward religious dissenters in Russoon as the necessary funds Hre forthcoming, to open a boys' sia. The ukase confiscating all the school. property of the Armenian churches The adults are reached by means of evangelistic methods and visita- and convents throughout the Emtion. There are open doors on every side, and abundant oppor- pire has exasperated the people, tunities; but the staff is inadequate. One ordained missionary and three and almost daily the press decolporteurs are not sufficient for a district twice as large as the British spatches report a tumult, often at- Isles.-J. H. ADENEY, in Jewish Missionary Intelligence. tended with bloodshed, in tile Cau- Russian Jews There is still indeed casus, when a regiment of Cossacks Seeking Light indifference, and is sent to break open the church there is apathy, but the great abyss which ·existed be- doors and rifle the church treasury. tween Judaism and Christianity is disappearing. They tell us that The Novoe VTemya, the organ of only those who know the mind of the. Russian and Polish Jews can the reactionary ministry now in have any idea of the change that is power, treat~ the matter in a high going on among them. Once, nothing was shunned by them so much and dictatorial tone. It says:" Reas the name of Jesus; now they beg to be acquainted with His Per- sistance is futile. The Armenians son and doctrines. The late Mr. Eppstein, of Bristol, England, said may organize dozens of demonthat Jews came to him all the way from Russia to inquire about Christ strations, but the decree will be -not the ignorant or the mercenary, but the highly educated, most enforced. The blood that is shed respectable, and learned sort. Three rabbis came recently from can not stop its execution." that counky, with no other object than to be carefully instructed in Bishop Sarajian, of Worcester, the way of salvation. Men wrote to Mr. Eppstein from a rabbiorical Mass., with two colleagues, has college there, describing themselves as thiTsting for the truth, men who gone to Washington, to send once were agnostics, but now rejoice to see that there is a God of through the Russian ambassador Israel, who is the God Of the other nations as well.-Jewish Mi.~8ion­ a petition to the Czar, drawn up aTy InteLUgencer. by a convention lately held in Religious The unscrupulous- Persecution ness shown by the Providence, R. I., of delegates from in Russia R us s ian govern- all the Armenian churches in the ment in regal'd to United States. Manchuria is just now being strikingly exemplified also in its policy ASIA American It is literally true, Colleges in as somebody has Turkey said: The most striking and interesting part of American mission work in Turkey is in the col- leges. Robert College, at Constlln- tinople, is the oldest; then follow, according to the date of beginnings, the Syrian Protestant College at Beirut, Central Turkey Colle·ge at Aintab, Euphrates College at Har- poot, Anatolia College at Mar- sovan, and St. Paul's Institute at Tarsus. Robert College, founded by a New York Christian gentle- man, stands especially high in the character and success of itA gradu- ates. Many officials of high posi- tion, and professors, editors, phy- sicians, merchants, who are influ- ential men in European Turkey, in Bulgaria, Servia, and other states: are alumni of Robert College. The Oollege at Beirut has property amounting to $400,000, and has been making good progress in the

growth of it.s branches of studies, he said no person should speak to him or come to our dispensary for the accommodations of its build- medicine. His own children hereings, and the completeness of its apparatus and equipments. There moved from our school, and since his speech there has not been a are 10 professors and more than 40 single Hindustani Moslem at our teachers in all. There are nearly dispensary. Even a man whose 1,500 students in all the colleges, life I saved from strangulated her- 771 of whom are Armenians. America and Turkey should both nia some years ago has gone to the government hospital rather than be found ready to protect institu- come to us, because this individual tions of such far-reaching hene- made it plain that it was sinful to ficence. be treated by a Kafir (infidel). It A Great Beirut, Syria, holds is, however, refreshing to see that Mission Press the second largest the Arabs are getting beyond that mission press stage, and now listen quietly to in the world, being surpassed only by the one in Shanghai, and the very thoughtful, helpful adby printing in Arabic the Bible dresses of Salem; to whom I gave and many other books it is invaluable as an evangelizing agency. employment as an evangelist a Starting in Malta in 1822. removed week ago.-United Free Church to Beirut in 1834, it has now attained Record. to 5 steam presses, 6 hand presses, 1 lithograph press, 2 type foun- Rate of During the last ten dries, etc. Hence there have been issued 703,000,000 .pages, including Progress years the Hindu 600,000 copies of the Bible and parts. Probably it is doing more than all in India community has deother agencies to affect the Mohammedan world throughout India, creas~d one-quarter Persia, Turkey, Arabia, and North Africa to the Atlantic. per cent., showing that it is on the down grade. The Mohammedan community. of which so much is heard as to its proselytizing power, has increased 9 per cent., but the native Protestant Christian com- munity of India has increased 50 percent. When people say: "There are more heathen born every year A Stir Made In the Recor'd for than there are Christians, how can by a August of last year you possibly overtake heathenism Conversion an account was at that rate?" we are not alto- given of the con- gether anxious to answer such version of Sheik Salem, and in people; we can say that what is April this year there was a brief impossible with man is possible paragraph indicating some of the with God. But we have also this trials he has since undergone. The to say: If the tendency shown by Rev. Dr. Young, in a letter dated the census is continued for fifty Aden, July 15th, gives the follow- years, what will be the aspect of ing later particulars regarding him: India then? J. A. VANES.

I think I told you that Sheik HowtheLeaven We must notmeas- Salem was forced to leave Dhala partly on account of fever, and of the ure the results of partly on account of the persecution he had to suffer because of his Gospel Works missLm work by change from Mohammedanism, the imam's son ('penly advising that the census tables he ought to be put to death. Well, !lince his return to Sheik-Othman only. A recent writ!'r on the attithere has been a considerable stir among the people, arid one Moslem tude of educated Hindus toward government official has been doing his best to get Salem silenced, and Christianity has laid stress upon I believe that in the mosque (Indian) the fact that Christian influences are everywhere stirring at the roots of Indian national life. and those who have not studied the Bible

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

in vain are read'ing Christianity There are 23 societies and churches into ~Hinduis1n. To-day quotations in connection with which work is from the Scriptures and from Chris- carried on by the mission, and 65 tian hymn-books are frequently stations in India, Burma, Ceylon, made by Indians upon public plat- China, Japan, and Sumatra; with forms. and altogether the attitude 30 hospitals, and 15 homes for uf antagonism is slowly changing. lepers' children. The number of In connection with such manifesta- inmates in the society's homes. and tions of the indirect influences of in those which receive aid-adults Christianity. it is singularly inter- and children-is about 6,420. Of esting to find that in a recent little this number there are about 270 volume of songs for the worship of leper children, and 570 untaihted the goddess Durga, a translation children. There are now ahout of the well-known hymn. by Miss 2,500 baptized Christians. Anna L. Walker. "Work, for the Night is Coming," is given a promi- Hope for We remember ta nent place. Hindu Women have heard a prom' The Power of A missionary in inent missionary Caste South India reports a visit which he affirm that when he arrived in paid to a village magistrate who India less than fifty years ago there himself was not of a high caste, tho a caste man. While talking with were not in his mission field of this magistrate, a pariah came, 17,000,000 people 17.women that bringing a letter, and this is what happened: First the pariah took off could read a line of any language. his shoes; then he went to the other side of the ro.ad and stood in a deep Now in that province there are gutter, into which the village filth was swept. He took off his turban, scores of high-schools and at least placed his forehead in the. dust, and began to address the great man one college for women, and the in terms such as he would have u~ed in addressing the Almighty. university is graduating young And all the time the magistrate was regarding him with inexpressi- women every year. One single ble scorn, and heaping terms 'of mission school we know of has ~ent contempt upon him. out over 1,000 fairly well-educated married women into many parts of the province. The same is sub- stantially true of nearly every province in the empire; thousands of Christian girls, and of non- Christians, too, are receiving from missionaries a good practical edu- cation saturated with instruction that is making them wise unto salvation. Omniscience alone can estimate what the fruit of this work sbaH be.-Indinn Witness.

The Mission to The last report of A Single As an example of Church in the a strong nati ve Lepers in India this society shows Marathi Mission church, let us take receipts from all the first church of Ahmednagar. This church has 1, 143 sources the largest on record: names on its roll, of whom 569 are communicants, 253 are candidates At Chandkuri, the second largest for baptism, and 321 are children; asylum in India. there were at the lOS were added to the church in close of the year over 500 inmates, 19('2. The Sunday-school has 1,139 including 94 untainted children in members in 3 sections. The church the home. At Mandalay, in Bur- pays all its bills, and contributes ma, a much-needed church has been for the support of the poor and for built. In China the work is pros- various outside societies. Its Chrispering; and at Tokyo a new ward for women has been erected. Help has also been rendered to the small asylum in Sumatra belonging- to the Basel Missionary Society.

tian Endeavor Society is held in 9 marvelous change in the situation sections, and has a memben;hip of is apparent to-day. In a letter 679. There is another church in written early in July, Mr. Byrde the same city with 65 members tells of 13 missions now peacefully which receives no aid from the mis- working in Hunan; having a force sion or the Board. of rather more than 50 mission- aries, 30 of whom had recently met. How the " I have found faith for conference in Chang-sa, the capital of the province. Every Fu Chinese Give in our Chi n e s e city (capital of a prefecture) in Hu- nan, with one exception, is actu- Christians," say s ally, or will be this year, occupied by foreign workers. It will be the Rev. J. Macgowan, of Amoy, lamentable indeed if, through lack of men and means, the oppor- "for I know they are easily stirred tunity of evangelizing the great areas surrounding these centers is when some case that effects the in- lost.

terest of Christ's Kingdom is con- What a Cheuntung Liang Chinese States- Cheng has these cerned. All the churches man Thinks appreciative words in my district are self-supporting of Missions concerning m i s – this year. Thank God for that! sions, which should serve as an "antidote" to the pes- I feel there are large resources simistic conclusions of the wise- acre globe-trotters. In general, he among our 'churches that we have thinks they deserve the bulk of the credit for the opening of China to not yet touched. The Chinese are trade. And of the schools he says: " Many of them are of high standa money-loving people-almost as ard, and command universal re- spect." As to another branch of much so as the English!-butwhen evangelizing work, he states this conclusion: their hearts are touched they can That which, above all else, has be as lavish as tho money had no opened the way for missions is the presence of the medical missionhold upon them whatsoever." aries, with their hospitals and dis- pensaries, some 200 in number. How the During the period They are revolutionizing Chinese Word Spreads of eighty-one years ideas of the proper treatment of the sick. from the printing of Dr. Morrison's Chinese New Tes- Chinese Jews A correspondent, tament in 1813 to 1894, the total in Hongkong writing to the Hazecirculation, including the Scriptures given away before the prin- firah from Hongciple of selling was established, was kong, states that there is at that about 5,500,000 volumes. In the port a numerous body of people last eight years, from 1894 to 1902, who are called by the Chinese" Withe circulation has been over 4,660,- Du," but who, according to the 000 volumes, of which 51,000 were writer, are really a native sect of whole Bibles and 184,000 New Testa- Jews, whobave been settled there ments. Of this number all but from time immemorial. In dress, about 100,000 were sold. manners, and customs they differ GrcatChanges Five years ago the .in Hunan vast inland Chinese province of Hunan was closed to all foreigners and in an attitude of overt and aggressive hostility to the Christian religiou. It was from Hunan that, in 1891, a stream of infamous placards and literature issued whichinHamed the whole province and led to the riots and massacres that soon after occurred in the Yang-tse valley. A

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLH1ENCE

in no respect from the rest of the 7. Young men frequently wear a inhabitants. Their women are kind of bangs, while women have noted both for industry, cleanli- their hair pulled out in front. ness, and high morality. The language used among themselves is S. The roof of a house is frequentthe Spanish, but their children are ly built before the foundation. instructed in Chinese and Persian as well. In all kinds of manual 9. A ·book is read from above labor, and in various branches of downward and from right to left. commerce, they are very proficient. Jewish rites and ceremonies, how- 10. Writing is done with a brush, ever, are, with the exception of the held at right angles to the paper.

Shofar, which they blow on the 11. A sick person is dressed up in occasion of the New-year and of all his finery just before he dies. the Feast of Tabernacles entirely unknown among them. On the 12. Delicacies and sweets are Sabbath they dress in festive gar- often eaten at the beginning of a ments, but do not abstain from meal instead of at .the end.

work. 13. Wines are drunk hot im;tead Mr. Osborn J. Baggalby wrote to of cold.

the London Globe that the sect The Russians in Weare thankful to must be descendants of the Spanish Manchuria. An learn from a corre- Jews expelled from Spain in the time of Ferdinand and Isabella Error Corrected spondent in Man- (1492), as the fact that they speak Spanish among themselves clearly churia that the proves. That they have a knowledge of the Persian language also, statement in regard to the opposiand transmit it from father to son, points to the fact that they went tion of the Russian government to through Persia, and that they must have made that country their home Protestant missions there was un- for a considerable period before founded (July REVIEW, page 555).

they migrated to China. Wi-Du It was accepted on what seemed (as they are termed in China) is probably a corruption of Judio good authority by Dr. B. L. Living- (Spanish).-Jewish Missionary Intelligencer. stone-Learmonth, of Newchwang, Why are A missionary writes: the Chine,e writes from Honan: Russia is not obstructing or pre- venting "the reopening of abanso Odd? 1. A barber strops doned mission stations." Nearly all the preaching chapels are open his razor by turn- again daily, and all the mis- sion centers have been reoccupied, ing it over on its face instead of on and some new ones have now a resident foreign missionary. The its back. only exception to this is that in 2. The Chinese use mats on the Port Arthur and the land leased from Russia, where the Danish ceiling instead of on the floor. mission is working, they have been compelled to confine their efforts 3. They do not wear their ties to work among their former conaround their necks, but around verts. . • . I have it on the au- thority of the Russian administheir ankles. trator in this port that .. it is not allowable at present for the Greek 4. Women ride horseback astride. Church to conduct missions in Man- churia." Russia has appropriated 5. Ships are launched sideways. none of our buildings. . • . Dr. Greig is on excellent terms with 6. Women wear trowsers, no the Russian residents in Kurin…. There is not now the general deskirts, and short upper garments, mand for Ohristian teaching which was seen three or four years ago, while men wear long gowns and but in some places the chapels are even better attended, and there long hair. has been a deepening of spiritual life of' the average church-member as a result of the trials of 1000.

AFRICA water. A father who was bitten A West African Mrs. H. M. John- by a dog called his new-born child Congregation ston, of Efulen, Inja-a dog. The son of parents writes: who had been in touch with mis- sionaries was called Usonto (Sun- " As I looked over the congregation on Sunday, numbering about day), he having been born on that 500, I could but contrast it with some of the home chul'ches. Yes, day. A woman of one village went babies, lots of them; one monkey; to the river for water; while there no dogs this time, but one tame wild pig, besides, men, women, and she gave birth to a daughter; rechildren. The platform is not very big, and I counted 20 on it besides turning at night, she came carrythe preacher. Outside several were ing the babe instead of the water, standing or sitting on the grass. The dress is usually a string of so the child was named Amanzibeads around the leg from the water. A child born on a mounankle to the knee, or around the arms; beads or a big brass ring tain was called Entabeni, meaning around the neck and arms, and such fantastic hettd-gear as they on a mountain. Another child had can make out of their hair with the name Cape Town, the father beads, buttons, shells, brass tacks, feathers, and grease. This I mean being 'in that city at time of the of the women; many men wear clothes and gauze shirts. Yes, birth. Among. the headmen we some of them are trying to ape the dudes at the beach, with white came across such names as Umtwashirt, trousers, hats, and all the accessories. The pulpit furniture lenje, meaning just, or only, a consists of a table and chair which differ only in size, both being a burden; Isihlahla-a tree; Inguane cross-section sawed out of a tree with three sticks put in for legs. -hat; Ulozipo-a claw; Unwaba- The seats for the people are logs a chameleon; Umlota-a heap of laid upon riders of logs; the carpet is Mother Earth, and quite mother- ashes, etc. ly she becomes sometimes, with a plentiful supply of jiggers, always Anglican The Anglican seeking whose feet they can use as Mission to Church is making a lodging-house. The church is the school-house, palaver-house, and South Africa preparation& for a general meeting-place, but the ground is cleAred for a new church. great missionary ef- The buildings are all of bark, with rafters of bamboo, and thatch of fort in South Africa. Next year a the leaves of the same." large body of bishops and clergy What's in In naming their are to come out to this country and a·Name children, the Afri- place themselves at the disposal of the South African Church for about in Africa? cans, like the Jews six months. The object of the of old, give names mission is thus (jefined: with a meaning. Generally a name To set forth the essential unity of morals and religion, of holiness is associated with some event at- and righteousness; to lay down as a basis of c3nduct the old foundatending or preceding the birth of tion of the Ten Commandments; to proclaim fearlessly the need of rethe child. For instance, a long pentance; to bring home to all men the marvelous blessing of free fordrought in the land was finally givenessandrenewal of life through Christ Jesus our Lord; to raise the broken up by a refreshing shower; spirit of man to the duty of wor- ship; to nourish it by sacrament about this time a girl was born and prayer; to hallow the life of the family by benedictions, and who was named Si-bonga-manzi, point to the Word of God as the source of wisdom and strength; to which means, we give thanks for teach men to reverence humanity, whether native or European, to honor a woman and protect a child, to work at their calling and bear their burdens, to love their coun-

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

try and serve their king, to live is one day's march from a British with dignity, and through Christ our Redeeme'r to die in peace.- fort, and unless the Gospel is given Lovedale Express. at once, the Swahili servants of British officers will introduce Mo- Native Clergy Bishop Tucker held in Uganda an ordination in the hammedanism, and we shall have the spirit of anti-Christ to contend cathedral at Mengo with in addition to native igno- rance and superstition. We must on Trinity Sunday. There was a keep pace with, or go ahead of, the large attendance, and the ordina- government advance. To do this tion service was preceded by the we must have men and means for ordinary morning prayer. The five or six stations at once. To see these people and feel their need, whole service lasted nearly three to hear their earnest request for hours. Three Europeans and 2 missionaries, fills one with a great Africans were presented for priests' longing that will not be satisfied till these workers are here. Surely orders, and 5 Africans for deacons' God has prepared this field for orders. Archdeacon Walker, who immediate and speedy evangeliza- has had the training of the deacons tion. Then comes that for which in his ordination class, preached most prayer is needed-the right the sermon. There are now 32 kind of workers, men of patience, African clergymen in the Church for trials are myriad and new; in Uganda, 18 of whom are in men of faith, for we each depend alone on God; men of careful train- priests' orders. ing, for we must not only mold a Africa Inland Charles E. Hurl- a people wholly without civiliza- Mission burt, director of tion, but there is untold tempta- Africa Inland Mis- tion to laxity of life in those who are immature or unestablisbed; sion, writes from lfuruka, British East Africa, that already three new men of ingenuity, for missionaries here must be farmers, mechanics, stations are opened, one eight miles doctors, carpenters, and masons, ,from Nairobi, at Thembigwa, the as well as preachers; men of even, next eight miles farther at Kambui, cool, judicial mind, for each lllan the next ,eight miles still farther must be as a father to some thou- sands of ignorant, superstitious, at Kibitjoi, the last an out-station turbulent children. Finally, a man visited weekly from Kambui. of unwavering zeal for souls, for all the devices of Satan are used to These are in addition to the Wakamba stations, and are north, the utmost to divert from patient persistent evangelism. among the Wakikuyu. He says: Help us in mighty supplication, Our first station north of Kibit- for workers and means to reach joi should be at Mangu, the second at Muruka. It is new soil. The this people ahead of Mohammedan- people welcomed me when they ism, and of all the evils of civilized heard the,purpose of the visit. The women danced a strange dance government without Christ! The about us, singing: "God is good to government protects us, but we send us a white man to live here must take Christ with or ahead of and take care of us. Now all fight- civil law, or suffer awful loss and ing will stop and we will rejoice." The old men brought presents of be guilty of the sins of civilization food, and after listening attentively to the old, old story, which to which advance work would pre- them was totally new, interrupted vent. The field is all untouched to to a.;;k, "How soon will a man come to live with us and tell us all the northeast away to the Galla these words of God?" They were country and Abyssinia, and to the very eager for kim to. comt'l soon. This section has been considered Northwest away into the interior dangerous until very recently. It of the almost anknown Sudan.

Shall we not have a chain of sta- tions reaching far on into these sections? God is leading, calling on. We nn£st follow, and our only way, as you know, is, like Neesima, to advance on our knees. The climate is fine and healthful along these mOl!lntains for perhaps three hundred J}liles. No ordinarily

healthy person need fear it. The awaken the understanding of this people are an intelligent, sturdy beginner. .. If you had two pigs race. in your premises, and three in the bush. how many would you have?" ISLANDS OF THE SEA She could tell. But the lady missionary remembered that the The Number of The Philippine cen- woman was fond of finger-rings. so she inquired: "If you had two the Filipinos sus just completed rings, and I gave you three, how many would you have?" At once by the war depart- a gleam of intelligence spread over her face, and she answered: •• Five." ment shows a total population of After that, all was easy.

6,976,574, including 650,000 of what MISCELLANEOUS are called the "wild tribes." The An " Auto- "What we need," matic" Interest says a Philadelphia most populous province, Cebu, con- layman, "is ~n autains 651,621 inhabitants, and the tomatic interest in foreign mis- sions. Heretofore interest in this smallest in popUlation is Benguet, subject has been too much of the bi- cycle tire order, requiring periodical with 917 inhabitants. In some artificial inflations to keep in work- ing order. Too often it has meant to cases the enumerator had to carry turn on the red light and recount horrors once or twice a year, somea gun as a protection against rob- times in a ten-minute postscript to the •regular sermon,' get a collecbers, and there may be some un- tion more or less limp, and then drop the subject until the next counted natives in the woods. 'missionary Sunday,' Now, my idea of a mission study class is sim- Arithmetic in the The New Hebrides ply ordinary, every-day common sense applied to a great problem, a New Hebrides Magazine shows us crying need." That is distinctly good-" an automatic interest." some of the diffi- Just what is wanted. When the cause of missions ceases to be to culties associated with the teach- a church a mere incident. and be- comes a constant absorbent of its ing of arithmetic to the native energies, that church begins to do mission work as Christ meant it to children: be done.

The first difficulty in teaching is Two Ways "And opening to use the proper terms in the of Giving the i r treasures, native language. Only aft€r the pupils begin to understand their they offered unto work do we get suitable words Him gifts, gold, and frankincense, easily understood by the natives and myrrh." (Matthew i: 11). A for the different rules. Addition is colored man was telling of his way •• gathering together" ; subtraction of giving to the Lord. "Yes, sir," "removing"; but for multiplica~ said he, "I gibs de truck off 0' one tion and division the English words acre ebbery year to de Lawd." are used. Sometimes the word" re- "Which acre is it?" the friend moving" did not seem clear to the asked. "Well, dat is a different pupils for subtraction, as they used question. Truf is, the acre changes the same word for "carrying." But when the missionary's wife advanced some girls to subtraction, they were heard enquiring one of another: "How many does 2 steal from 8 P how many does 1 steal from 6 P" etc. "How much is 0 from 1 P" inquired one girl. "One" was the answer. "Odoes not steal," said another, "1, 2, and 3, and others steal."

The missionary's wife is trying to teach a new arrival the beginnings of addition. At first, we can not use the numbers in an abstract sense; concrete terms must be used. " Two" or "three" has no meaning to them, whereas" two pigs," .. three breadfruit," etc., appeal to their eyes as well as to their minds. But ordinary objects failed to

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

nlOst ebbery season." " How's have no right to ignore or to deny. that?" "Why, in wet season I We should fly in the face of indisgibs de Lawd de low land, and in dry season I gibs hhn de top acre putable fact should we deny the of de whole plantation." "In that zeal, the self-denial, the apostolic case the Lord's acre is the worst in spirit of the members of the Prot- estant societies which labor for the evangelization of the unbelievers.

the whole farm, for in wet seasons The Jewish If we think of the it would be quite flooded, and in Converts of the 224,000 baptized in dry times parched." "Jes' so. Nineteenth the nineteenth cen- You don't allow I'se goin' to rob Century tury, and also their my family ob de best acre rse got, numerous descend- did ye ? " Is not that too much the ants, we may surely maintain that fashion ot our offerings to the the number of Jewish proselytes Lord-shreds of time, bits of tal- during that period more than equals ent, dribblets of money, fringes of the number of baptisms in universal things? These magi teaches us Christendom from among the peo- better. They gave their best. It ple during the first century of the is not our poorest, but our best, Ohurch, and far exceeds the num- that we should give to the Lord.- ber of Jewish baptisms.-Dr. DE Wayland Hoyt. LA ROI quoted in The MissionarlJ Chewing·gum VS. Missions. – The Record. late William E. Dodge declared that many wealthy men spend more Mucedonian Ev eryw he re in on their horses than they do on up· Calls for China, in Japan, in lifting their fell~w men. Statistics show that more money is spent in Missionaries India, in Africa, the United States for chewing-gum one speaks of agethan for missions. Such facts speak volumes as to the room for long barriers just overturned, of doors widely opened, of worm-eaten religious systems which threaten ruin, of more or less conscious further civilization, not to say aspirations of whole populations Christianity. toward something new, superior A Catholic on A book entitled, to that which they have known Protestant "Protestant Mis- hitherto. In proportion as God Missions sions at the End of shakes the heathen world, He the Nineteenth Cen- awakens in the Christian churchell missionary vocations, so that the tury," has been written by a canon general refrain of all the missionof Paris, the Abbe Pisani. It is ary societies is: "We must needs said to be a fair presentation of the have an increase of our resources." subject, and the Journal des Mis- -Bulletin de la Missions Romande. sions, which expresses surprise over the character of the work, Helen Keller to Miss Anna L .. Mil· quotes the following brief passages Blind Children lard, of the Ameri- as indicating the spirit of the in Bombay can Board, Marathi author: Mission, on her re- For men of good faith, who do cent return to India, carried this not allow themselves to be paid off with mere words, there is in the message from a blind girl to blind Protestant propaganda a great work to be studied.. . There children in India: are thousands of men and women who consecrate themselves, outside I am sending you a message by of Catholicism, to Christian preach· Miss Millard because my heart ing, and they do not do this with· goes out to you most tenderly. I out arriving at results which we know the darkness which you see, and I feel through sympathy the sorrow that you have known. But

now God's loving kindness has the Booth family, excepting, perfound you, and you will be happy haps, the father. Enthusiasm, exin your school and in the knowl- ecutive ability. and cool judgment edge that you are His children. marked her character, and induced. The light of love is shining upon her father to place her in the imyou as it shone upon me when Miss portant post in the United States. Sullivan, my dear teacher, came to The father, after giving some exme and opened the eyes of my pressiori to his grief, says: "My mind so that I saw many strange daughter was, after her mother, and wonderful things. You shall first among the many noble and see these wonders too. Your finger- consecrated women I have been tips shall open to you the world of permitted to know during the fifty beauty and goodness. By touch years of my public life. Her loss you shall share in the work of the .is irreparable loss." Mr. Tucker world. I am deaf as well as blind, was born in India, and is said to but I am very happy. Do not be have given up a very lucrative discouraged if you find difficulties p'osition to engage in the· work of in your way. One obstacle sur- evangelization. mounted makes all the others easier. If ·we put our hands in Wm. Quarrier. Tho s e who read God's He will lead us safely. and of the article in our we shall dwell in the house of the Lord forever.

Your loving friend.

HELEN KELLER.

OBITUARY Scotland March number on Mrs. Dwight On October 10th "A Fam ily of L. Mood)" Mrs. Emma Re- 1,300 Children." will be grieved vell Moody, the widow of Dwight L. Moody, passed to learn that on Friday. October away from her home in East Northfield, Mass. While the end came 16th, 'ViIliam Quarrier, the foundsuddenly, she had been suffering for some. time from Bright's dIS- er of the Orphan Homes of Scotease, and. in fact, had not been well since her husband's death. land, departed this life to be with Mrs. Moody was greatly beloved by all who knew her, and to her the Lord, whom he had loved so loving tact and wisdom is due much of the success which attended the long and served so well. His last work of the great evangelist and founder of qhristian schools. public appearance III Glasgow was at the inaugural meeting of the session of the Bible Training In- stitute, September 18th. His text on this occasion was, "The mem- ory of the just is blessed," with ref- erence to the lady who left a leg- acy toward founding the institute.

His death was the result of a para- lytic stroke, but he lived to the Mrs. This daughter of goodly age of threescore and fifteen Booth-Tucker. General 'Villiam years:. He will be sorely missed of New York Booth, of the Salva- for many a day to come. As tion Arm y, was showing in what great esteem he killed, October 28th, in a railway was held, the Lord Provost and wreck 85 miles east of Kansas City. magistrates of Glasgow expressed In 1800, when Mr. and Mrs. Balling- a, desire to attend the funeral in ton Booth retired from command their official capacity. The body of the Army in America, and Mr. was laid to rest in the little cemetery and Mrs. Booth-Tucker were called within the precincts of the chil- from India to fill the place. She is dren's village, Bridge-of-Weir, said to have been the most able of near Glasgow.

The Missionary Review of the World — 1891 Index

according to Act of Congress, in the year ,89"

Mi~~ionarJ Boviow of tho Worl~ VOL. IV NEW SERIES VOL. XIV OLD SERIES JANUARY TO DECEMBER 1891 EDITOR ARTHUR T. PIERSON PHILADELPHIA LONDON PUBLISHERS TORONTO FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY NEW YORK FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C.

1891.J INDEX

INDEX FOR 1891.

INDEX OF DEPARTMENTS.

LITERATURE OF MISSIONS. – Pages 1, 81, MONTHLY CONCERT OF MISSIONS. Pages 161,241,321,401,481,561,641,721,801,881. 7'J, 144, 228, BOg, 391, 544, 624, 707, 786, 800, 94.Q. EXTRACTS AND TRANSLATIONS FROM MISSIONARY PERIODICALS. Pages 47, INTELLIGENCE DEPARTMENT. Pages 75, 125, 206, 293, 316, 455, 520, 601, 686, 764, 845, 153, 232, 312, 396, 471,549, 629, 712, 791, 870.

928. ORGANIZED MISSIONARY WORK AND INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT. Pages STATISTICS. Pages 232, 319, 396, 471, 474, 549, 629, 712, 791, 870, 949. 52, 133, 212, 296, 373, 461, 526, 611, 691, 774, 851,931. FOREIGN MISSION NOTES. Pages 75, 154, EDITORIAL NOTES BYEDITOR·IN-CHIEF. 232, 31~, 477. 553, 560,794.876,955. Pages 62, 142,200,303,381,467, 1134, 621, 702, 784, 860, 989. MONTHLY BULLETIN. Pages 78,158, 238, 314, 556, 633, 715, 878, 957.

INDEX OF AUTHORS.

EDITORIAL STAFF. PAGE PAGE ReT. D. L. LEONARD. (See Organized Work, Editor-in-Chief: ARTHUR T. PIERSON. (See .. Editorial Notes.") etc.) Architecture i. Frozen Music……….. .. 46 Carey Epoch in Missions, The. . .. •••.•. . … 825 Christianized Paganism…. . . . ••. . •. • . . . • •. 535 Monthly Concert _….. __ ……………. 544, 7e6 Coming Age of Missions, The ..•……..•.. 721 Protestant Missions before Carey. . . . . . . . 341 Day Dawn on Ihe Hawaiian Group. II…… 561 Why Mi.8ion8 are Modern.. . …. ….. .. … 260 Epoch of Orgauization……… .. ……… 507 Evangelizing the World in this Generation. 321 Rev. CHARLlIS C. STARBUCK. (See" ExtraeL Fallen Asleep (J. M. Sherwood, D.D.)…… I and Translations from Foreign Periodicals.") Great Commieelon, The……………….. 183 Japan, Dr. W. E. Griffis on …………….. 648 Education and Evangelization in India ..•.• 001 Light at Cape of Good Hope ……………. 402 AZBELL, W. K. .. . …. ………………… 706 Livingstone and Stanley………………. _ 4 ALLEN, ELEANOR P …………………… 843 Midnight on the Hawaiian Group. I ….•.•. 513 ATTERRl/RY, B. C., M.D ……………….. 681 ALLIS, J. M., D.D….. .. …………….. 853 of Miracles of Missions. No. XVIII •…..• 402 BAGHDASABIAN, M ……………………. 747 BARNES, REV. LEMUEL C., D.D …………. 528 Miracles Missions. No. XIX ……….. 561 BEMIER, EUGENE.. . .. . . . .. … .. .. . . . .. . … 574 Miracles of Missions. No. XX ………. ·• 537 B"RTRAND, MISS ALICE ..•••.•••.••…….. 574 Missionary Call, The (Poem) ….•….••.••.. 418 BOMAR,PAUL V ………………………. 836 Monthly Concert ………………….. 72, 228 BoSTWICK, REV. G. P …………………. 600 Onr Debt, Our Duty and Our Destiny. . . . •.. 801 BRAcQ, REV. J. C……………………… 762 Present Crisis of Missions. . . . . . . . . . .. ….• 49& BROCKETT, L. P., M.D ……………….. 328 Regions Beyond. 1.,81. II ……………… 161 BURNET, HELEN L …………………….. 568 Signal Cry of the New Crnsade…………. 537 BARON, MRS. DAVID …………………… 898 BEN-OLIEL, RARBI A ………………….. 924 ADONIRAM J. GORDON, D.D. BLACKSTONE, WILLIAM E ………………. 937 CALKINS, REV. DR. WOLCOTT …………… 720 Faith Element in Missions .•••• ,••••..•….. 726 CASALIS, M. EUGENE …………………. 602 How Much Better, then, is a Man than a CLARK, REV. DR. F. E ………………… 502 COAN, REV. F. G ……………………… 761 Sheep? ……… : ………………… 43 DOSKER, REV. HENRY A………. … . . . . … 16 Missionary MoneY-Quantity and Quality.. 481 EDWARDS, REV. CHAUNCEY T ………….. 734 ELLIS, REV. F ………………………… 837 J. T. GRACEY, D.D. (See International Depart- ment.) ELXSLIE, W. A ……………………… eoq Missionnry Methods Officially Reviewed… 250 ~onthJf Concert .144,. U2,. 308,. 391, 707" 866, 94&. PAGE PAGE ELLINWOOD, REV. F. F., D.D …………… 908 FULTON, HOBERT MORUI"ON…………… 597 MITCHELL, REV. J. MURRAY, LL.D…….. 35,88 GORDON, EUNEST B ………………… 19, 494 MOMAN, W. J ………………………. 840 GRACEY, REV. HENRy ………………… 590 MOOlmEAD, MAXWOOD … …..•..•… . .. 352 McLAURIN, ItEV. JOHN ………………… 933 GRACEY, MIts. J. '1' ………………….. 396 NOBLE, FUED PERRY…………………. 424 PFANSTIEHL, REV. A. A ………………… 683 GEtEENE, REV. WILLIAM BREl'iiTON, JR…… 820 PIERSON,DELAVANL …………….. 277,489 PIEnsoN, lhSSE" LOUISE B. and ANNA W .. 881 GllOUT, Rgv. LEWIS …………………… 439 PICK, REV. B., Ph.D ………………….. 919 (JUTHIUE, HEV. Du. THOMAS…………… 3 RICE, REV. HENRY…………………….. 742 HALL, REV. RosEn'r, D.D…. …………. 28 Ross, REV. JOHN …………………… 677 H~MILTON, REV. J. T ……………….. 375 RUTHERFORD, REV. JOHN ……………. 23 HAMILTON, J. TAyLOR………. …………. 61 SHAFTESBURY, EARL OF…………… …. 46 .HAMLIN, DR. CyRUS….. . …………… 693 STANTON, W. A ……………………. 446 HAPPEn, REV. DR. A. P …………….. 348, 694 STORROW, REV. EDWARD ……………. 411, 891 HART"AN"', REV. A………………….. 461 SPENSER, REV. D. S ………………….. 517 HENRY, REV. B. C …………………….. 600 SMITH, GEORGE,LL.D …………………. 673 Hm.JMJl:s, O. W., M.D ………………….. 28 SNODGRASS, REV. E ……………. 0 …… 654 HOSKINS, F. E …………………….. 921 SJ!XTON, REV. W. D …………………… 805 JOHNSTON, RHV. JAMES, 75, 154, 232, 312, 477, STJ!EL, REV. TIOBERT ………………….. 831 SHEDD, Rev. J. H., D.D ……………….. 616 553, 560, 794, 876, 985. STUART, REV. J. L ……. ………… … 531 KNOX, REV. GEORGE W., D.D ……..•…. 641 LAUUIE, REV. THOMAS ……………… 29, 757 SCHonDE, PROFESSOR GEORGE n., Ph.D … 914 LAVELEYE DE, MARGUERITE ……………. 590 LlOEns, Rev. S. P …………………….. 816 THWING, CLARENCE, M.D …….. ………. 669 MCCABE, REV. C. C., D.D ……………… 15 TINLING, REV. J. B .. .. ……………… 815 MOGILVARY, REV. D…. . …………….. 325 TURNBULL, REV. DR. ARCH……………. 63 MARTIN, REV. W. A. P., D.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~96 WHIPPLE,REV. W. L., D.D…………….. 52 MASON, REV. GEOnGE L ……………… 658 WOODRUFF, A ………………………. 751 MEAKIN, J. E. B ……………………… 583 WOOD, REV. GEOUGE W ……………….. 775 11'!ECKLIN, REV. J. C …………………… 759 WEnB, M'"s………… ………………. 78 lIrLLER, REV.' DR. J. R ………………. 419 WlIARTON, UEV. G. L …………………. 533 MITCHELL, REV. DR. ARTRUR ………….. 410 INDEX OF SUBJECTS IN LITERATURE OF MIS- SIONS.

PAGE PAGE Are Onr Pastors Faithful? W. C………… 46 Buddhism and Romanism, Hev. George L. Anent the Aztecs, Rev. Levi B. Salmans…. 59 Mason …………………………… 658 American Board in N. Caiua, Rev. Henry Bnddhism and Christianity, Rev. E. Snod· Blodgett…….. ……….. …. ……. 98 grass ………………………….. 654 Asiatic Populations, Rapid Growtt. of, Rev. Convention of Christian Workers, Banga· William Ashmore, D.D …………….. 123 lore, India, Rev. Jacob Chamberlain. Are We Disciples of Christ ? W. C……… 124 D.D……………………………… 32 Answered Prayers, Laura M. IJatime-r …. '. 177 China, American Board in North, Rev. An African Devil's BUI~illess, etc., Frederick Henry Blodgett…………………… 98 Caroline Islands …………………… .. 219 Perry Noble, Esq…………………. 424 Creation in Khasi Traditions, Rev. William Africa, Shall Islam Hule? Hev. Lemuel C. Williams ………………………… 274 China, Recent Audience with the Emperor Barnes, D.D …. ……………….. …. 528 of, B. C. Atterbury, M.D ………….. 681 Armenian Protestant Orpha.nage of Brosca, Congregationalists and Missions, Rev. Ed- ward Storrow.. . ……………….. 891 etc., M. Baghdasurian…. … . …. .. 747 Cuba as a Mission Field, W. J. Moman….. 840 Art, Foreign Missions, and W. Brenton Do Reathens lIfnItiply Faster than Con· verts? Rev. Thomas Laurie………. .. 29 Green, Jr., D.D …………………. 820 Divine and Supernatural in Foreign ]fiB- Belgium, New Effortsin ……………….. 16 Bions, Rev. Edward Storrow…….. … 411 lluddhism lind Christianity, Rev. F. F. El. Erskine's Famolls Saying', EditoriaL….. .. 42 Epoch of Orglinizlltion, Edit.orlaL ……… 220 linwood, D.D.. …………. . ……… 108 Evang'<'li7.ing the World in this Generation, Buddhism and Justification by Faith, Hev. Editorial. • • .. .. ………………… 3lh.

II. C. Mabie, D.D ….. ………… 185 Black Fellows of Australia, The, I., Rev. A.

Hartmann.. .. .. .. …. …………….. 213 The Bantu Languages, etc., Rev. Lewis Grout ………………………….. 481l PAGE PAGB Evangelical Alliance at Florence, Ddavan Lantern, A Tonr of, F. E. Hoskin ………. 921 Money……………………………… 15 L. Pierson ……………………….. 4U3 Missionary Outlook, The, I.. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 35 Education and Evangelization in India, II. Rev. J. lIiurray Mitchell, LL.D …………………… 88 Rev. C. C. Starbuck ………….••….. 661 lIiissionary Ontlook, III. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. …. 170 lIiissionary Geography, Rev. J. II. Shedd, Encouragements in the Work of lIiissions, D.D ………….. : ……………….. 189 Morocco, Glad TIdIngs in, Hev. J. E. B. Rev. A. A. Pfan~tiehl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 683 Meakin …………………………… 217 lIiission Work at Scotch Atbens, DelavanL. European Literature in the :Mission Fields, Pierson. . .. . …………………….. 277 lIiodern Missionary lIiarvels, The Bussein- F. F. Ellinwood, D.D ……………… 908 Arakan lIiission., L. P. Brockett, lIi.D.. 328 Moravian Missions in the Himalayas, Rev. Fallen Asleep…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •• . . . . . . .. .. 1 J. '1'. Hamilton …………………… 375 Missionary Call, The, Poem, Editorial. …. 418 Fuith Hall, Laredo, lIiexico, lIiiss J ~nnie Missionary Money, Qnantity and Quality, Rev. A. J. Gordon …………………… 481 Brown…. … …. …… …….. ……. 197 lIiissions in India, Ernest B. Gordon….. .. 494 lIiedical Missions, David N. Patterso!], Foreign S. S. Association, A.Woodruff, Esq. 751 George Smith, LL.D………………. 673 lIiadras and lIiedical lIiissions, George Foreign lIiissions and Art, Rev. W. Brenton Smith, LL.D. …. ………………… 673 lIiedical lIiissions, A Plea for, Clarence Greene, Jr ……… ' ….. ,…………. 820 Thwing, lIi.D …………………… 669 Missions, The True Prayer Gauge, Rev. Greed in the Way of lIiissionary Zeal, Rev. Channcey T. Edwards ……………… 734 Mexico, Protestant Movement in, Eleanor Robert Han ……………………… 28 P. Allen ………………………… 843 lIioney, Its Relation to the Kingdom, Rev. Germany, Planting Cbri.tianity in, Rev. W. D. Sexton ………. … . ……… 805 lIiissionary Pra}er, a Poem, Rev. J. F. B. Henry Gracey.. .••••……. ….. …. 590 'l'inling…. . ……………………… 815 Melanesian Mission, Rev. Hobert Steel …. 831 Gnlick, Rev. L. H., lIi.D., Rev, S. P. Leeds. 816 New 'l'heology, 'l'he, O. W. Holmes, M.D… 28 Nunnery Life in Naples ……………….. 42 Helpers and Hinderers of lIiissions in Japan 19 New Application of an OJIl Hymn, Poem, Paul V. Bomar…. .. .. . . . . .. .. . . … .. .. 836 Historical Geography of the Christian Nam Thang Song, Poem, Rev. F. Ellis….. 837 Nya••a Land, Languages of, etc., W. A. Church, Professor II. W. Hulbert…..•. 118 Elm.lie ………………………… 809 Need of Special Preparation for Foreign Hore, Captain E. C. and hiB Work, Editor.. 182 Service, Dr. A. P. napper …………. 694 Northfield Convention, Foreign:lIiission Day Herrnhnt and lIioravian Missions, Delavan at, Reported by lIiisses Lonise B. and Anna W. Pierson …………………. 881 L. Pierson. . . . . . . . . . . .. ……………. 489 Old Age and World's Suffering, Earl Shartes· bury……………………………… 46 Hassan Botan, Letter from, Rev. F. G. Coan. 76t Pertinent Reply, Chaplltin McCabe……… 15 Prayer and Mission Work, Rev. John Ruth· Huguenots, a Few Pages from llistory of .. 574 erford…….. ……. ………… …… 23 Persia, Past Ten Years in, Rev. W. L. Isidore Loewenthal, Robert lIiorrison Fulton 597 Whipple, D.D …………………….. 52 Prayer Lt'agne of the Reformed Church .. o. 31 India, Edncation, etc., in, Rev. C. C. Star- Pentecost on the Congo, Hev. J. R Miller, D.D ……………………………. 419 buck …………………………… 661 People of Africa, 'V. A. Stanton ……….. 446 IJraycr Answered in l'onneetion with Mis- 18rad, Evangelization 01, Profcl'sor George siOllllry Work, Helen L. Burnett… . … 568 Planting Christianity in Germany, Rev. H. Schodde, Ph.D …… . …… 914 1Ienry ·Gracey. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. 590 Panl the Missionary, Rev. John RoBS…… 677 Japan, Helpers and Hinderers of lIii"sions Praycr Gauge, lIiissions the True, Rev. Chauncey T. Edwards …………….. 'l1H in ………………………………. 19 Japan and Japanese Converts…….. … . .. 22 J uBtification by Faith and Buddhism, Hev.

H. C.lIiabie, D.D …. .. …. . …….. 185 J e.nit lIiission in India, Rev. Edward ::ltar- row……………………………… 241 Japan, Political Check in, Rev. D. S. Speno cer. ……… ……………………. 517 Japan, The Year 1890 in, Rev. George W.

Knox, D.D ………………………. 641 Jews, Some Polemical Writings Against., et~., Rev. B. Pick, Ph.D …………… 919 Jerusalem's Crying Wants, Rabbi A. Ben- OIiel …………………………….. 924 KhO-si 'l'raditions, Creation According to, Rev. William Williams ..•………… 274 Livingstone and Stanley. … …. ….. ……. 4 Ling Ching Ting, Converted Opium Smok- er, Rev. S. L. Buldwin, D.D ……….. 257 London Papcl'sand India'~ Women, Mrs. J.

T. Gracey ……… " … …………. 26L Light in Darkest England, Rev. Francis E.

Smiley ………………… _ 268 Letters from Europe, Delavan L. Picrtion, I. ~n7 II. ,189 Laying Siege to the Delai Lama, Hev. J. T.

Hamilt.on ……………………….. 3715 LivingRtolle nnd Btanley. … . ……. . …… 437 Letter8 Crom Em'ope, 111., Erlle~t n. Gor- don 494 Langnages of Nyas"a Land, Rev. W.A. Elms- Ue ……………………………… 809 PAGE PAGE Pressing Needs, Rev. J. H. Shedd, D.D …. 616 Palestine and Jews, Dr. Cyrus Hamlin•….. 693 Societe des Minions Evangeliqne, Eugene Palestine, The Sacred Land of, Mrs. David Casalis …………………………… 602 Baron…………………………… 898 Spain, Gospel in, Rev. J. E. B. Meakin ….. 588 Polemical Writings againat the Jews, The Telugu Mission, Rev. C. B. Ward….. 288 UniTers.,1 Prayer, The, Poems, W. K. Azbell 706 Some, Rev. B. Pick, Ph.D ………….. 919 Voice from the Field, ,A,Rev. D. McGiI- Rapid Growth of Asiatic Popnlations, Rev. vary …………………………… 325 William Ashmore, D.D …………….. 123 Waldensian Chnrch, It. Mission, Pastor J. Recent Audience with Emperor of China, P. Pons ………………………….. 201 B. C. Alterbury, M.D ………………. 681 Woman'. Work for Woman, Dr. Arthnr Sherwood, Rev. J.M.,Obituaryof,:Editorial. 1 Systematic Giving ………. ………….. 3 Mitchel ………………………….. 410 Stanley and Livingstone, Editorial….. …. 4 Wonderfnl I,ife Boat, A, Captain E. C. Siam, Letter From, Rev. Robert Irwin…… 60 Student Volunteer's Convention, CleTeland, How ……………………………… 452 White Fields, The, A..Woodmff, Esq……. 751 Maxwood Morehead ……………… 352 Y. P. S. C. E. and tlte Church, Rev. Dr. F. Stuckenburg and Berlin, Dr. Delavan L. E ..Clark ………………………….. 502 Pierson…………………………… 492 Young Folks, A Letter to the, F. E. Hos- kin ……………………………. 921 GENERAL INDEX.

(Not inclnding Literatnre of Missions and Authors.) PAGE PAaB 287, 775; Indians, 633; Mi••lon in Egypt, A. B. C. F. M., Summary of, 794; Anniver- 237,385; Mi••ionary Association, 235; Mis- saryat Minneapolis, 142, 688; Address of sions in Africa, 61, 552; Mi••ions, Aggre- President Geymonat …………………. 622 gate of, 632; American Presbyterian Church Canton, 633; Relations with AFRlCA.-Africa, Death of Mission- China, 614; Seamau'. Friend Society, aries Blantyre, 605 ; Univeuities' Mission, 773; S. S. Union, 543; Ammunition, Mis- 295; Africa and Bishop Tucker, 477 ; and sionary ………. …….. ……… .. …. 474 Bishop Tayler; Africa and the Bible, 715; Angola ……………………………… 582 Wahum., Race in, 294; Earth-Hnnger, Anglican Commnnion, 791 ; Chnrch Roman- 373; Partition of, 606, 633, 320; Bishop ism ………. , …………………….. 318 Taylor in, 633 ; Rum in, 77; Missions in, Anglo-Indian Temperance Association … 798 282,240; Basutoland, 714; Africa, North, Anatemy of Natural Life ………………. 594 603, 234; Africa, South, 604 ; Africa, East, Anniversary, Twenty-fifth, China Inland 312,955; Africa, Central, 604; British Mis- Mission ……………………………. 794 mle in,WestAfrica, 655; Bishop Smythles, Annual Convention of Free Church, Italy.. 629 605; Africa, 520; Difficultie. in North- Annnal Meeting, Kolhapur, 387; Interna- western, 605; Conference in West, 540; tional Missionary Union…………….. 611 Roman Catholic Missions in, 549 ; Lan- Anti·Slavery Conference ……………….. 556 gnages in, 240; Dutch Reformed Church Anti-Slave Trade Conference, Brnssels….. 222 ia Cape Colony, 153, 408 ; Africa, 226, 847 ; Arabian Mission, 234, 467; Keith Falconer. 319 Moravian Missions, 61 ; Magat., 711 ; Rom- Arabia, Persia, Turkey, Mohammedanism, ish Mi••ions, 126, 131; Woman's Work and the Greek Church ………………. 789 in, 231; General Mlssious in, 75, 126,619, 638 Are Mission Converts a Failure ……….. 63 Atlas of Dean Vahl ………………….. 705 African A.sociation of Germau Catholics, A Thonsand-fold More Mission Work Need- 9.1; Converts, 638; Heathenism, 458; ed ………………………………… 859 Girls Bought, 633 ; Gold·Coast, 714; Mis- Andience of Chinese Emperor. . …. . . .. . … 380 sionarIes, 478, 479, 540, 552 ; Railways…. 74 A USTHIA and the A. B. C. F. M……. 630 A USTRA LIA, The Black Fellows of… 461 " Age of Consent" Bill, Iridia, 480, 608, 770, 313 Australiau Aborigines, Mission to the.•…. 560 Agostino, Father …………………….. 152 Anstralian Ballot System ………………. 438 Ahmednagar.. .. .. . . .. … .. …. …. .. …… 610 Aztecs, Land of the ………………….. 228 Alaska, 19, 969; Presbyteriau Church, in, Baldwin, E. F., Letter from.. …….. …… 71 Balltn Race …………………………… 604 238, 819 ; Reformed Episcopal Church in, 288 Baptist Burman Mi.sion. . …………. 793 Alliances for Prayer.. . .. . .. . … ……….. 467 Baptist Centenary-Britain.. .. ………. 468 Alsace·Lorraine and its population ……… 550 Baptist Convention (South), Foreign Mis- AMERICA, Mound Builders of,301; Am· 8iQnB •.•• ~ ••• ~ ••• "!."; …………. , ••••••• ~ …… ~~ ericanBaptist Missionary Union, 639. 715; Bible Society, Seventy-fifth Annive..ary of, 632; Bible Socie'y, Report of, 788; Am- erican Board of MiB~ionsill Japan,7Rl, 793; ~,{arathi, India, 633; American BORrd, 235., PAGE PAGE Burman BIble ………………………… 292 Baptist Missions at Ongole………..•….. 557 Buddhism ………………………… 556, 394 Baptist Missions China….•……………. 799 Buddhism and Romanism (chart) ……… ' 381 Baptist Missionary Society, Briti.h …….. 796 Buying African Girl., by Missionaries…… 633 Baptists of Britain. . . . .. . • . • . . •. . . . . . . .. . .. 690 Cabman's Mission ……………………. 638 Baron Hirsch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. •. 542 Calfres……………………….. 604, 716, 714 Barnum, H. N., D.D., and Harpoot ……… 616 Call to New Prayer and Elfort.. . •• •. . .. … 567 Basel Mission, 714 ; in Cameroon, 606; Mis· Caldwell, Bishop …………………….. 610 Callaway, Bi.hop……………………… 154 sian Society. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. ……… n) Cameroon, Basil Mission in……………. 606 CANADA.-Canada Mi"sionary Society, Basel Society. . . . . . . . . . . . .. … . . . . . . . •. . . .. 872 Basutoland, French Missions in ……. ' …. 714 474; Presbyterian Mission, Formosa, 635; Basu tOB ……………………. " •••••. 604, 781 Methodist Churcb, 234 ; Episcopal. •…… 235 Bavaria……………………….. ' ……. 873 Canadian Baptist, Telugu…………….. 771 Bedouin Arabs ………………………. 687 CANTON, 633; Dr. Keys at …………. 549 Beer Product…………. . . .. .. . . .•. •.. . . .. 712 CAPE COLONy ………………….. 791 Bennett, Mrs.. . . . . . . . . . . . … . … .. … … . . .• 619 Carey, William and N. Bengal. .•…..•. 690, 844 Belden, Rev. William H……………….. 380 CAROLINE ISLANDS ………….. 219 Benevolence, Systematic……………… 5:3 Catholicism, Roman, in France ….•…..•. 294 Belgium…………………………… 873 Catholics, French ……………………. 601 Belgium, Protestantism in… .. ……..590, 629 Censns of India ……………………… 717 Bengal and William Carey…. …………. 690 Chapel Car in Minnesota ………………. 71 Bengal, Catholic Missions in .••…•••••.••. 629 Chepoo, China … . . . .. .. . . . . .. .. .. ….. 1100 Berlin Missionary Society. . . . . • . . • . … . . … 604 Children of Missionaries……………… ~94 Bemard"Professor, and the Sparrow. . . . . .• 87 CHINA, 148, 144, 295, 308, 311; Mission- Bhutan ……………………………… 718 ary Map of, 380; Hankow, 456; Compres- Bible and Tract Society, Bnrmah ••..•.•. ,.. 608 sion of Feet in, 225; One Thousand more Bible in Africa. • . .. . . .•.. .. …………… 715 Missionaries for, 348; Disturbance in, 851, Bible Society in India ………. ' ………. 712 858,956; Inland Missions, 956 ; 'Dr. Glover Bible Translations …………………….. 715 on Mi••ions In, 956; Inland MiSSion, Shang- Bishop Tucker.. . .. .. . .. .• ……••……… 477 hai, 232, 385, 620, 794 ; American Relations Blackstone, W. E., The Jews …………… 305 with, 614; Japan and, 523; and Corea, Blantyre Africa… …………………… 605 212; Persecution in, 639; Medical Mis- Blyth, Blahop……… . …. … . . . . . . . . . . . .. 554 sions in, 556; Inundation near Kentsin, Book Notices, …………….. 220, 303, 378, 703 1~3 ; Missions in, 232, 552; Dr. Mitchell's Booth, General. and LondonPoor ………. 66 Visit to, 239 ; Dr. Alexander Williamson, Borneo, Rhenish Miss. Society's Complaint. 845 143; Chefoo, 600; Christian Colleges in, Brahmanism, Advance of..•…•..••..••..•. 610 634; Baptist Missions in, 799; and Mis- Brahmin'8 Prayers. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . …. 785 sionaries, 716 ; Norwegian Lutherans, Brahmo Somaj. . • . .. . . . . …. . . . . .. .. .. .. …. 131 720; Southern Presbyterians, 716; Riots Branch Mission on the Zambesi. . . . .• . . . .•. 606 in, 700; English Presbyterian Chnrch Brave Monntain Girl. . .. . • … . . . . . .•… ..•.. 759 in …………………………………. 714 Brotherhood of the Sea……………….. 637 CHINESE Costume, 226; Worshippers, Brnssels Treaty…….. '" ……………. 614 A Glance at, 531; Valuable Literature, Brnssels Treaty, United States Attitude to. 639 602; Mi.sions to, 225; in America.. ,545, 791 Brazil, 556, 633; M. E. Church in ………. 633 CHRISTIAN Church Disciples, 234; Britain, Wesleyans ..•…. ,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 631 Colleges in China, 634; Evolution, Prof. British and Foreign Bible Society.. . . . . . . .. 796 Drummond on, 67; Melas ……………. ~9 British Contributions, 630 ; to.Foreign Mis- CHURCH Missionary Society, 97, 607, sions …………. , ………………… 236 688, 689, 764, 796; of Scotland, 275, 872 ; British Contributions to Foreign Missions of Scotland Benevolences, 690; of Scot· in 1889 ………… :. ….. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .. 340 land, Foreign Missions of. . . . . . . • . . . . . . .. 714 British Empire, Size of•• , ……..•……. 130 Churches and Missions, Relation to one British Foreign ,Missionary Bocieties..•… 476 another…. …. ..•.. …… …. …. ….. … 65 British Foreign Missions …….•………. 955 Clough, Dr. J. E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 British Foreign Mission Notes, 876, 878; College of Central Turkey……….••…•. 559 Colleges, Day of Prayer for .••.•……•…. 819 Bolten …………………………… 794 Colonization of J ows ……… '" .. … ….. 636 British Medical Missions……….. 689,690,713 Commerce, Mi••ions and .. :…………… 640 Britillh Misrule in West Africa …………. 555 Compression of Feet in China…. , ……… 225 British Society for Propagation of Gospel Conference, Anti·Slave Trade, at Brussels.. ~2 Conference in West·Africa…………….. 540 among Jewe ………………………. 872 Conference, Shanghai. ………………. 379 British We.leyans in Mashonaland. .. ….. 716 Confession in Japan …………………… 558 BroLkett, Dr. L. P., Letter from . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 Confucius, 147, 716; and Cllri"t ………… 451 Brooklyn, Church Property in. '" ………. 9W Bnlletin, Monthly ……………… 314,879,880 BUfmah Bible a nd Tract Sodety, 608 ; Ran- goon, 619 ; Upper Burmah……•.••.••••• 392 PAG"R: PAGE CONGO, 80, ~79, 873; Missions on, 607, Fifty Years a Missionary Seoretary.. ……. 78 716, 8.31 ; Missions on and in Angola, ()07; Figueras, Spain ……. … …………… 2:l9 Rum on…. …. ……. … ….. … . … 4G8 FIJI GROUP …………………. 631, 717 Florence, Evangelical Alliance …………. 622 CONGO FREE STATE, 001, 607, Foreign Lanus, Home and …………….. 551 78:3, 796 j and its Mi~8ion!i, 95.)"; Swedish ForeIgn Missionary Societies of the United Mission, 549; and Roman Catholics .. . '" 7R3 Rtates . ….. . ………………. … 476 Constantinople, New Church Edifice in . 619 Foreign Missionary Societies of Great Contributions to Foreign Missions in 1889, Britain . ………………………….. " 476 British. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 340 Foreign S. S. Asitociation .. " . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 751 Contributions for English Church Missions. 534 Formosa, Mackay of ………….. 0 •••••••• 470 Contributors, A Word to………………. 62 Fourteen Years of Earth Hunger in Africa.. 873 Continental Missions ………… " ……… 845 FRA.NCE.-Missionaries, 024, 6~9; Converts, First, of Matcbeles ………….. 606 Corea and China ..•. '.. . …•.•..•………. 212 Roman Catholicism in, 294; Religion, Covenant, Solemn League and.. . . . . … 860, 861 Condition of…….•………………… 127 Crisis of Missions, The……………. . .•. 227 Freedmen and Roman Catholics …….. '" 551 Cross·Bearers, Missionary Reading Circles. 912 Free Chut'eh of Scotland Missions, 232; Crowther, Bishop ……•……..•……. , " 607 Foreign Missions . ……. 00 0… 0……… 798 Crusade, Signal Cry of the New ………… 537 French Evangelization ..•… , .•…………. 580 Cultivation of Missions …….•……….. , 307 French Misoions, Basutoland…………… 714 Danish Missions………… •••……….. 630 French Missions and Rev. Dr. McAn…•… 383 Dead Sea, Giving ••…•……..••……… 640 French Missionaries in Lessuto. … ,. " …. 6Ot) Debts of Boards ……………………..•• 712 French Protestants, 8J3, 846 ; Congress of. Deep Sea Fisherman's Missions ..•……..• 636 in Paris ……………………………. 2:18 Denmarl_, Romau Catholics in…………. 6~9 French Students, not Voltairians ………. 8~5 Denominational Outlay….. . ………….. 632 French, Bishop Thomas V ……………. 780 Denominational Contributions to Missions. 550 Frere, Sir Bartle, on Christianity………. 769 Denominations in this Country. . .. . . . . . . . .. 233 Friends, Contributions of, 631; Missions Difficulties in North·We.tern Africa ……. 605 or, 686; English ……………………. 460 Division. on Roman Catholic Church …… 686 Gaboon and Corsico. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 79:1 Doshisha University at Kyoto ………….. 558 Geddie, John, Beantifnl Epitaph to……. 61 Drummond, Prof., on Christian Evolution, 67 German Mi"sionary Societies …•…..••… 631 Dublin, Society for the Propagation of the (~ERMA.NY. and the Liqnor Traffic, 616; giving, 6:10; and Roman Catholic Gospel …………..•………………. 637 Missions. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. …….. 607 Dntch, Java and the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 460 Geymonat, President, Address of……….. 622 Dntch Reformed Chnrch, Cape Colony, 153, 408 (living, The Dead Sea…………………• 640 East Indies ………..•..••…•.••…… 706, 929 Giving in Ceylon ….••••…… " .•… " …. 240 Educational Work ………………….. 608 Gordon, Rev. E. C., furlongh of, from Edncatlon in India, 1<8,320; of Women, Uganda …………..••……………… 955 Gossner's, Pastor, Mission …………….. 551 640; and Religion, 129, 131; in Japan … 238 Greek Chnrch, Mohammedanism and, Per- Eglise Missionaire BeIge………. . …… 629 sia, Arabia, Turkey ……………. " … 786 EGYPT, L. D. Wishard in, 631; The Greenland …………•….••………..•••• 456 Gniness, Miss Lucy………..•………… 560 United Presbyterian Chnrch in, 607; Mis· Hahitations of Cruelty •…..•• . …•…•• 226 sions in, 385; Egypt… ….. ………… 960 Hamlin, Dr. Cyrus ….•……•….•…….. 619 Ellinwood, F. F. Lectnres at New York… 303 Hankow, China. '.' …………..••..•….. 456 Encyclopedia, New Missionary ………… 303 Hannin!!:ton's, Bishop, Bone•…•.•……. 218 England, Wesleyan Chnrches ….•…..•.. 792 Happer, Rev. Dr…….•……•…••.•…80, 379 English Baptist Missionary Societie., 690 ; Harpoot, Tnrkey, and N. Barnum, D.D….. 616 Presbyterian Churches in China and In_ Harpoot, Tnrkey.. . . . . . .. …•….•..•.•.•• 873 dia, 715 ; Universities' Mission, The, 554; Hawaiian Evangelistic Association …•…. 549 Church Missions, Contribution for, 554; Hawaiian Islands.•.•……………….871, 466 Wesleyan Missionary Society, 313; Hebrew Christian Conference at Chicago… 223 " Friend~," .. . . . . .. ………………… 460 Hiuduism. . . . . . . . . . . . . .• . .•…••…… 636, 1~8 Epitaph 10 John Geddie… •. ….•• …….. 64 Hirsch, Baron, and the Jews .•.••….. 642, 157 Evanielicai Alliance, Florence…•….. 622, 812 Hiroshima, Japan ………••…….••••..•. 287 Enngelical Association ……..•….•…… 234 Holland and Slave Trade…….. .•……… 76 Evangelistic Association, Hawaiian…….. 549 Home and Foreign Lando. . . .. ..•……… :151 Evangelization, 210; New Testament Hong KonJ:( and the Bible…………..••• 716 Teaching. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 608 Honor Roll of Methodist Missionaries …… 220 Evangelization, French…. . . . . . . • . . . . . . . .. 580 Hormaz<1ji Peestonji, Death of…………. 834 Excuses for Extravagance. . . . ••• .. ……. 862 Hospitals ……………….. " ………. " 9[)0 Extracts, etc……… " . . .•. . . . .• . . . . . . . . .. 845 Hnguenots, A few pages from History of..• 51"4 Extravagance, Excuses for .••………….. 862 Falconer, Keith, Arabia ……… '" ……. 319 Female Education, Society for Promoting.. 794 PAGE PAGl!: Huguenot>, France……………………. 474 Je,nit Catechism, An Old ……………… 939 JEWS, 305, 625, 542, 946; Uu,"ian, 305, 542; Human Race …………………… , …… 474 at Oueesa, 78; EvangeHzation or, gOO; IInngarian Jews ……. _ …………. 717 Hnngarian, 717; British Society for Prop agation of Gospel among the, 872; and Iberian Peoples, Misl'3ions to…… . . . . . . . .. 8t:1 Vitmlla, 294; and Baron Hirsch, 157, 54~ ; RusFla and the, 220; and Palestine, etc., Iceland ……………………………. 5;). 239, 480, 5~5t 636, 720 Idolatry in India ……………………… 2,10 Jewish PopUlation of the Globe ……. , .. ,. 712 ~Toues, Rev. T. German ………………… 155 U In Darkest England"…………….. '" 2'24 Jpallsi, ….. , .. ,_ …………………….. 717 Kali, Hymn to.. .. … ..,………………. 687 INDIA, Outlook in, 615, ';'00; 'l'innevelly, Karachi (India), Seaman's Rest at .,",.' .. 768 Karclls, Missions among. '" ………….. 388 631; Marriage of Girls in, 608; Census Kaslllnir …. ….. " .. 132, 7GB 'O ••••••••••••••••• Kerr, Dr., at Canton …………….. , …. 549 of, 635, 717; Bible Society in, 712; Mar Khama, King , ……………………….. 606 Kolhapur Mb.ion, Annual Meeting, .. , … 387 riage Law in, 691, 2:J8; Southern, 631; Korean Missions…. . . .. …………. 708, 719 'Vornen in, 6:35; Salvation Army. 7'1'7; lIn- Kyoto, Doshbha University at ….•……. 558 Lagos, Mohamnedans …. , …………….. 465 rathi,633; WcstSnndn I,lands, 68S; Wld- Land of the Azt.ecs.. .. .. .. .. .. .. …. …… 228 Lantern Slides and Missions.. …. … .. .. 390 ow's Union, 635; National C01lgrefis of, Languages in Africa………………… . 24Q Lapses in Mission Lands …………….. _. 774 178; Telugu Bapti"t Church in, 718; Col. Ol- Lavigerie, CardinaL… .. .. …. . _……. 75, 688 Leo XIII. and Roman Catholics, …….. " 714 cott in, 687; English Presbyterian Church Lepers in India…. ' .. , …… ' …….. 717,797 Les8uto, French Missionaries in .. , …….. 605 in, 714; Malayan Mission, 768; JIar- Letters from Mrs. Grace Stott, 784; from J.

athi Mission in, 770. ~ 71; North ]Ictho- Hndson Taylor, 386; from Rev. Marshall Lang, of Japan, 49"1; from Rev. Dr. Steele, dist Episcopal C,.nfercnce in, 771 , India, Sydney, 560; from E. F. Baldwin., …. ,' 71 Liberia …. ' ……………….. ' …. …. .. 607 770, 873; Idolatry in, 240; Scotch Mis- Uddon, Canon……………………. … 80 Liquor Traffic in U. S ……….. ,….. _614, 616 aions to, 129; Reaction of llcathenism Literature, Chinese, Valnation of ………. 602 Literatnre, Missionary ..•. '" . . .. . .. ' .•..• 390 in, 770; U. P. Church in, 771; Missions, Liverpool, Scandinavian Mission in .. , …. , 232 Livingstone and Mackay ……….. ' … ' … 606 Will. Carey, 8!4; Women in, 951; Dr. J.ivillgstone's MetllOds, ……….. , ….. _.. 607 Livingstonia Free Church, Scotland….. ". 792 Pentecost on, 387; Inelia, 295, 308, 311, Livingstonia Mission, Andrew C. Murray… 70 London Mission Society, 795; Ninety- 313,460,480, 521, 557; We.leyan Mis.ions Seventh Anniversary ……… , ……… 795 London Poor and General Booth .• " •… . . . . 66 in, 223; Dr. Pentecost in, 182, 557 ; Edu- London Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews ……………… , …….. 795 cation of Women in, 640; Education in, Los Angeles Presbytery…. .. …………. 567 Lowrie, Dr., Resignation of… , ••••….•..• 380 128, 129, 131, 320 ; Hindnism, 125: Future Loundie, Rev. James …… , ……………. 155 Lutheran Church .. , ………………….. 475 High Caste in, 931; Inflnence of Pariah Lutheran Chnrch, Statistics of….•••• '" . • 233 Lntherans ' …….. ' ……………… ' …. 156 Christians in,… .. … .. …… '………. 933 Lntherans in U. S ………. ' … ' ….. , …. 794 Lutherans, Evangelical, and Foreign Mis- Indian Children and Gift•…. ' •… ,…….. 68 sions ………………………………. ';'13 Ll1tteroth, M. Hmri………………….. 61 Indian Convention, North Methodist Epi8- Mackay, A. M…. …………… .. .. 154, 447 Mackay and Livingstone……………….. 606 copal Chlll'ch ……. , ……….. ',…… 239 Mackay of Uganda ………………… 304, 468 1tlackay of Formosa", …………….. , … 470 Indians, North American", .. 819, 358, 545, ,'91 Madagascar …………….. , …… 558,687, 959 McAll,872; Work, 97; Missions, 295, 455, Indians, Roman Catholics and … ,…….. 73 628,846 Inglis, Rev. John, D,D., New Hebrides., … 78.3 IMtrnments and Agents ………………. 117 Intolerance, Rnssia, ………………….. 238 Inviting Pnblic Speakers.. " …….. , …… 390 Inundation, Tientsin, China. . " ….. . …. 153 Irish Presbytt'rilln Church ……. , ….. " .. , 764 Is Japan Fickle,.. .. …….. ', ………… 781 Islands of the Sea…………………….. 546 ITAL Y. 76, 624, 629, 718; Free Church in, 629, 713; Methodist Episcopal Church in, 630; Southern Baptists in, 680; Gospel Work in, 312, 713; and Bible, 792, 846 Items of Intelligence …………… , …. 72, 74 Jaesehke, Henry A ……….. ' …… , …… 459 Jamaica Presbyterian Church, 714; United Presbyterian Chnrch.. ,…….. .. .. …. 458 .TAPAN. 76, 308-11, 466,558, 636, 78t, ,93, 794, 850 ; Confession in, 588; Missions in, 239, 588 ; Missions in fo lf90, 552; Letters from Rev. Marshall Lang of, 495; Rus- sian Missionaries in, 519 ; Hiroshima, 287; Passports, etc., 718, 719; Temples, 714; D,·. W. E. Griffis on, 718; Girls' School, Kobe, 701; Cumberland Presbyterian Church in, 715; Missions in 707, 711; Rum in, 238; Education in, 238; and China, 523; Bible Trimslation in, …… ,. 941 Japanese in America…. .. ……………. 545 JAVA,308-11, 456; and the Dutch …… 460 Jeru~alem, 5~ ; Jews in" ……. "…….. 931 PAGE PAGJa McAIl Missions and M. Saillells ………… 223 McAll, Rev. Dr., and French Missions …… 383 Mission, New, to the Central Soudan …… 555 McAuley, Rev. Alex., Death of………… 2~4 Mi••ion. in Egypt …………………….. 385 McCabe, Chaplain, and World·Wide Mis- Missions in Japan, 558; for 1890……….. 552 Missiolls among the Karens …………… 388 sions ……………………………… 383 Missiolls in Mexico …….. 549, 558 _0 ••••••••• Making God Partner …………………. 609 Mi••ion. New Hebrides……………. .. .. 560 Malayan Mission, Iudia………………. 768 Mis.ions on the Niger. .. . .. .. …… ……. 554 Manchuria…………………………. 558 Mi.sioll ou the Zambesi, Branch………. 606 Maples, Archdeacon ………………….. 312 Missions and Lantern Slides………….. 390 Marathi Mission, India ……………… 770. 771 Mission Maps and Charts …. '" …•…..386, 941 Marriage of Girls. India. 608; Marriage Mission, Pastor Gosner's ………………. 551 Mitchell's, Dr. Arthur, Visit to China …… 239 Law in India… .. ………………. 691 Madagascar. .. .. . .. .. . .. … … 76. 125, 233, 480 Marriage Laws in India ……………….. 238 Mohammed and Mohammedanism.. . . … .. 743 Mashonaland …………………….. 554, 716 Mohammedanism and the Greek Church, Matebeles. First Converts of ………….. 607 Materialism in.incere……. ………….. 97 Persia, Arabia, Turkey…… …. .. …… 786 Medical Missions ……………………. 709 Mohammedans efMorocco……………… 603 Medical Missions, China, 556; British, 689, Mohammedan., Lagos …………………. 465 Monthly Bulletin..77, 159, 233, 314, 556, 633, 690, 713 MeIne …………………………… 295. 459 715, 879 Methodist Church, Canada ………… … 2M Moody Institute, Chicago…………….. 320 Methodist Church. England, Primitive….. 792 Moravians …………..78.457,459,475,795, 845 Methodist Episcopal Chnrch and Miss., 205 ; MOI'avian Missions …………………. 240 Moravian Missions in Africa….. ………. 61 in Brazil. 633; in N. China ………….. 715 Moravian Work in Thibet, Mrs. Bishep …. 766 Methodist Episcopal Church, U. S., 800; Mormonism and the Mormon…………… 545 Morocco and Mohammedans…… … .. .. 603 Financial Pesslbilities of……………. 632 Monument to John Williams …………… 2'.1l Methodist Episcopal Church, South, 233 ; Mound Bnilders of America ……………. 801 Muller, George……………………….. 680 705, 793, 845 Methodist Episcopal Church. North …….. 233 Murdock, Mr., Resignation of………….. 380 . Methodist Episcopal Conference, N. India, MW8nga. King, and Slavery …………… "78 239, 771 Narayan Shishadri, Death of.. .. ……… 834 Methodist Jubilee. Welsh ……………… 553 National Bible Society of Scotland……601, 713 Methodist Soc., Primitive, Britain …….. 794 National Indian Congre……………….. 718 Methodist Protestant Church, 475; Mis- Native Christians in Future, Relative sions of.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. … … ………. 714 Standing of…………… …………… 931 Methodist Missionaries, Honor Roll of….. 220 Native tl8. European Costume ………….. 131 Methods, Livingstone's……………….. 607 Needed, A Thousandfold More Mission Mexico, 228, 549, 558; Cumberland Church Work ……………………………… 859 in ………………………………… 715 New Guinea ……………………715, 719, 951 Minnesota, Chapel Car Ill. .. .. .. … … .. • .. 71 New Hebrides Mission …………. 560, 845, 959 Misrule in Africa, British .. ………….. 555 New Hebrides, Rev. John Inglis, D.D…… 783 Missionaries, Distribution of. . . . . …. .. . … 73 New Testament on Evangelization…….. 608 Ilflssionary Ammunition ………………. 474 New York City Mission Work…………. 950 Missionary Collections…. . ………… … 74 Ngamiland …………………………… 799 Missionary Lecture Ships……………… 381 Niger, 479, 554; Mission. on, 607; Rev. J. Missionary Literature …………………. 390 Missionary Map, Ribbon ……………… 533 A. Robinson.. .. .. .. … . …………….. 799 Missionary Map of China.. .. . … …. …… 380 Nineteenth Centennial of Chri.tianity•••••. 534 MissionlU'Y Review of the World, Succes8 Noble Giver, A………………………. 455 Non-Evangelical Churches…………….. 91 of…………………………………. 621 North American Indians ……………819, 558 Missionary'. Shoes, The ………………. 288 North Carolina, Men Needed in ………… 697 Missionary Societies, 73, 8§(), 891; Compar- Northfield, Mass., Student'. Summer ative Tables……….. .. … 874, 875, 952-95" School. ……………………………. 702 Missionary Society, Berlin……………. 604 Norwegian Lntheran China MiSl!ion …….. 720 Missionary Society, Canada ……………. 474 Notes, British, for Mislions………..876-878 Missionary Training Institute. .. .•. . . . . . . .. 307 Nyasa-Land ………………………….. 553 Mission Boards, Associate…………….. 941 Odessa, Jews at……………. ……….. 18 Missions and Commerce………………. 640 Olcott, Colonel. .. .. . .. .. …. .. . .. .. … ….. 687 Mission Converts .. Failnre.. …… .. …….. 63 Opium Trade, Society for Suppression of, Missions of the English Universities……. 554 Missions, Foreign, British Contributions to, 340 764; Curse, 508; Traffic, 219, 304. 525, Missions, French, and Rev, Dr. McAIl …… 383 603, 608 Missions in Africa ……………………. 232 Missions to Deep Sea Fishermen……….. 636 Organized Missionary Work……. …….. 349 Mission. in China……………………. 552 Oroomiah. PQrsia …. …. .. ……N ……. 616 PAGE PAGE Ougale, Baptist Mission at.••.•…•….549, 557 Radcliffe. Reginald, on Evangelization…. 240 Outlook in India ……….•….•………. 615 Railways. African……………. ………. 74 Paganism, Christianized…•…•………… 535 Reformed Church of U. S ……………… 234 PALESTINE, 959; and Jews, 239, 480, Reformed Episcopal Church in Alaska…… 238 Reformed Church Missions.. . . . .. . …….. 240 636, 693; and English Church Misoionary Relation to one Another, Churcbes and Societies, 712, 792; Church Friction in…. 554 Papal Europe, 624-629 ; Population of….. 629 Mi.sions…….. ……… …….. ….. … 65 P ABIS. Congress of French Protestants Religion and Education in India …….. 129, 131 in ….•.•….•.••………••…………. 238 Religion, Symbols of…. ……………….. 87 Partition of Africa ………………… 320, 633 Religlou. Attitude ot Chinese Mind……. 296 Partnership with Christ. .. …. . •…••••.. 470 Remarkable Farewell, Dr. J. E. Clough….. 548 Partnership with God in Giving. … ……. 609 Report of American Bible SocIety………. 783 Pastor Go••ner'. Mission……………… 551 Republicanism in France. . . . . . . ..• . . . . . .. .. 762 PA·..AGONIA …………………….. 639 Re.ignation of Dr. Lowrie ……………… il80 Pau]'s Creed ………………………… 638 Revival, Telugu……………………… 4611 Penzottl, Release of, 465; Imprisonment Ritualism and Romanism …. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . 65 of………………………………… 302 Roman Catholics, 80 ; and Indians. 73 ; and Pentecost, Rev. Dr. G. F., 635,636,718; in India ………………….. 182, 387, 470, 557 Freedmen, 551 ; Congo Free State and… 783 PERSIA .. ………………… 719, 957, 960 Roman Catholic Church. Divisions in, 686 ; Persia, Arabia, Turkey, Mohammedanism and the Greek Church……………….. 786 nnder Leo XIII…………… …. …. …. 714 Persia, Oroomiah ……. '" … •. …. .. …. … 616 Roman Catholic Mi••ion. in Africa ……… 549 Persecntion in China…………………… 639 Roman Catholic Mission. in Bengal. 629 ; In Personal Word….. ..•. •.. . …………… 860 Peters, Dr.• and Stanley……………….. 607 Denmark.. .. .. ……. . .. .. . .. •… ……. 629 Philipson. Dr. Edith Pechey……………. 560 Rom"" Catholic MI••lon., 949 ; Germany .. 607 Philpott, Mr•. S•• Letter from…. . . •. ….. 541 Roman Catholocism……………. . ….. 78 Pins IX. and Jule. Simon………………. 601 Romanism and Buddhism (Chart) •.••..• . .. 381 Pierson. D. L., Letter from……… ..•….. 67 Romanism in Anglican Church… , .•••… 318 Planting Trees In India …………………. 608 Romani.m and Ritualism. .•. .•.. ………. 65 .. Polynesian" Society, A ………………. 95, Romani.t Mis.ions …………………. 126. 131 Population lu Cities……………………. 239 Rum ill. Japan, 238; in Africa, 79 ; on Con- Practical Cure for Skepticism.. ………. .. . 64 Prayer for Missions…………………….. 256 go …………………………………. 468 Prayer·Union, Proposed ……………….. 741 Rou.sel, Napoleon…………………….. 628 Presbyterian Church inAlaska………….. 238 RUSSIA, Population of, 712; and Prot- Presbyterian Church, Canada …………… 793 Presbyterian Church. North…………….. 793 estantism, 550 ; Translation., 479 ; " Stun· Presbyterian ChUl'ch, U. S. (North), and dist" and Intolerance………………… 2:38 Foreign Mi••ions …. .. .. … ………… 715 Rus.lan Jew………………………. 220 305 Presbyterian Foreign Mis.ions, U. S. Rus.lan Missionaries in Japan ………….. 519 (North), Woman's Board …………….. %3 Salllens, Monsieur R.. the McAl! Work …. 223 Pressing Needs… .•. . ………………… 616 Salvation Army. 66. 233. 792; Italy. 312; Pres. in Heathen Lands…………………. 135 Twenty·.ixth Anniversary, 949, India …. 717 Press, Libertv of, in Turkey…………….. 157 Samoa. …………………….. .. … 158, 958 Proposed Exposition of Missions at Chi· Sargent, Bishop……………………… 610 cago ……………………………….. 534 S(JANDINA VIA …. ………………. 720 Prospectu. for 1891. .. … ……………… 62 Scandinavian Mis.ions in Liverpool…. .. .. 232 Prote.tant Church In Prus.ia…..•……… 550 Scarritt Bible Training School for Mi.sion- Protestant Church. Methodi.t …………. 475 ary Worker… . . . . .. . . . . … … .. .. …. . … 958 Protestantism in Belgium ……………… 590 Scoteh Continental Missions, 293; Missions Protestantism. Russia and……. •….•…. 350 in India …………………………… 129 Protestantism, St. Peter.bnrg and ….. ,. . .. 550 SCOTLAND.-Mr. Quarrier. 318; U. P. Protestant Episcopal Church, 792 ; Mi.sions. 235 Church,457 ; Church of, 872; Young Men's Protestant Mi••ions. 126; Summary Re- Guild of. the. 225; Free·Church Foreign suite of…………………………….. 638 Mission•• 798 ; Free Church of. 673; Mis· Protestant Mis.ion. in Spain. . . .. …. . . . . .. 553 .ions………………………….. 232,550 PRUSSIA, Prote.tant in…………… 550 Scottish DI.establishment…….•………. 143 Publication Societies …………………. 950 Seaman'. Friend Society… … ……….. 773 Public Speaker., Inlting……………… 390 Seaman'. Rest at Karachi, India………… 768 Pundlta Ramabai ……………. 139, 700, 717 Secunderbad. IDdia…. .. … ………….. 76 PUNJAB ……………………….. 639 Self· Sacrifice ………………………… 808 Rabinowitch……. ……………………. 64 Seward, Dr. Sara C…. ………. … ……. 717 Sball we have Another Missionary Confer- Bace, Ho.mau,.,., •.•.• , ……………….. 474 ence? ……………………………… 526 SHANGHAI, 620; China Inland Mis- sion. 385; Conference, 379; and Confu- cius ………………………………. 716 flhemmas Weel>~a of Moslli•.•.•……….. ,5' PAGE PAGE Sheshadri, ReT. Dr: Narayan, Death of ….. ·soo Tientsin, China, Inundation……….. 153 Shoe". The Missionary's ………•………. 288 Times, New York, Letter to. ………. …. 928 SIBERIA. . . .. . .. . ……… ……. .. 957 Sydney, Letters from the Rev. Dr. Steele… 560 Tinnevelly, India …………………….. 631 tJignal Cry of the New Crusade…………. 537 Sites, Healthy, Central Africa ……•……. 604 TOKIO, Japan……………………… 794 S.ize of British Empire………•.•………. 130 Skepticism, Practical Care for ……..•…. M Total Abstinence… ………………….. 542 Slanry,75; and King Mwango ………… 478 Slave Trade, Holland and… .• . . . . • . • . . • • . . . 76 Town of Churches, Editor's…. .. …….. 63 SMYRNA …………………………. 559 Smythies, Bishop, 75 : Africa ..•.•…•.•… 605 Tract Society, Burma Bible and ……….. 608 Societe des Missions Evangelique•……… 872 Society tor Promoting Female Edncation .. 794 Training Institute, Missionary …………. 307 Society for Propagation of Gospel, 630, 797; Trinidad ……………………………… 558 Dnblin …………………………….. 637 Society for Snpprc"ion of Opium Trade… 764 Tucker, Bishop…………….. ..318, 477, 715 Solemn League and Covenant ……… 860, 861 Soudan, New Mi••ion to the Central, 555: TURKEY, 79, 559; Liberty of Press, Pioneers.. .. . . . .. .. .. .. … .. .. . . . • . . •• . . .. 256 157 ; Native Christians in, 933 ; Harpoot. Sonthern Baptists (U. S.)……………… 632 SPAIN, Gospel in, 583, 624, 629, 704: 616 ; Harput,873; Dictionary on, 720 ; Per- Protestant Missions in, 553, 630 ; Spain sia, Arabia, and Mohammedanism lLIld the Figueras. • . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. …. .. . . . . . . … 259 Spiritnal Atmosphere. ……. ……… ….. 87 Greek Church. '" … …….. …….. ..•• 786 Stanley, H. M., 127, 638; Rear Gwnd, 223; Dr. Peters and, 607; Mr. Fred. J ……… 386 Turkey College, Cell.tral ……………….. 559 Statistics, Lack of Information ……….. 306 Statistics of the Lntheran Chnrch ……… 223 TV8KALOOSA, Mission to Dark Con- Steamer for the Conu;o ………… . …… 553 tinent ………………………….. 156 Stebbins, Mr. and Mrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 Steele, Rev. Dr. (Sydney, N. S. W.), Letters Uganda, 555, 683, 799; Bishop Tucker in, from the …….., . . .. . .. .. … .. . .. . . . … 560 78,318,715 : Mackay of, 304, 468; Wars .. 6U5 Stott, Mrs. Grace, Letter from. . . . .• . . . . . . .. 784 St. Petersbnrg and Protestantism ……… 550 Unemployed Native AgenCies in Heathen Stndent Volunteers, 132, 697: Summer SChool, Northfield, 702; Volunteer Con- Lands …………………………….. 221 vention at Cleveland. . . . . .••• ……….. 559 Union Mi~siollary Society, Woman's•… '" 551 Stundist, Ruosia. …………………….. 637 United Brethren…. . ………………… 620 Summary Resnlts of Protestant Missions.. 638 United Methodi,t Free Church …..•……. 553 SVNDA ISLANDS, W. Indies……… 688 United States Attitude to Brussels Treaty, ~urplus Wealth ………………………. 134 Swedish Congo Mi.sions ………………• 549 639 ; Foreign lfls,ionary Society of, 476 . SWITZERLAND and giving ……… 630 Symbols of Religion……. ……………. 87 Reformed Church of…………. … . .. .' 234 Symposinm on Missions……………….. 227 Universities' .Mission, Africa, 295: The Eng- SYRIA, 475, 476, 740, 943, 958: People "" and Religion.. . . . . . . ….. . ………….. 445 lish ……………………………….. 5M Sy.tematic Benevolence…. …… . .. '" 559 University at Kyoto, Do"hisha. . ……..• 5.';R SYitematic Giving, Henry Thornton and … 340 U. P. Church, India, 771; Scotland, 236, Taylor, Bishop William ……………. 79, 633 Taylor, J. Hndson, Letter from…. " ……. 386 ~4a~mtaAiic~a~~(n1819;1:),. ~.~.~.i.;o.~l.1.~..t.·.8.~..Y.I.~.:..I.~.~..d 939 Telugu Baptists. … …. . .. . . . . .. .. . .. . . . .. 718 Tclugu, Canadian Baptist………………. 771 Upper Burmah ……………………… 392 Tclugus, 460, 7gg; Revival, 469: Dr. J. E. UTAU, 871 : and Mission Schools. … . .. 793 Clough amotlg, 959; A Remarkable Fare- Uzbek Translations …………………… 4,'9 well ………………………………. 54 Vahl, Dean, and Atlas. .•. ………. .•.. 705 Temperance Association, Anglo-Indian ….. 798 Ten 'l'housand Additional lIn"sionaries …. 141 Vienna v. •Jews ………………………. 294 Texas Baptist Missionary Work … , …….. 1,,3 Thibet. .•. .. . .• . .. . . . … .. … . ….. 150, 239, 9:8 Valley of Death ………………………. 107 Thoburn, Bishop ………………….. 619, 718 Wahuma Race…. ……. ..••• .• ……. 294 Thompson, Sir Rivers. . … …… . ……. 4,,8 Waldenses and Missione ….•..•.520,549, 629 Thornton, Henry, and Systematic Giving…. 340 Waldensian Church…. ……………….. 61 Tibet, Moravian Work ln, Ml's. lli:-h(}1;l ….. 7GI) War, Cost of …….. …•…. … . ……. 79. 712 Wars, Uganda and…. .. ……. …… . •.. 605 Wealth and its Distribution. .. . . .. . .•. . . . .. 720 Welsh Calvinistic Metbodist Jubileo …… 553 Waers;lreySaonciCehtyu,rcBhreiStjsEhn, g7la9n6d; ,E7n92g:liMshi,ss8io1n3-; MIssioris in India, 223; MiSSIOnary So- ciety …………… '" …•………..•. 76, 156 Wesleyens, British…………………… 631 White, Rev. Wellington J ……………… 782 Wilder, Rev. G., Letter from …..•.•.•….. 619 William.on, Dr. Alex., China ………….. 143 Williams, John, Monument to ..•….. , …. 2ft7 Wishard, L. D ……………….. _•••..• 534 Women in India ………..L ………….. 635 Women's Missionary Society United Breth- ren, 620 ; Board of Presbyterian Forei~ Missions (U. S. North), 783; Women s Mi,.ionary Societies Statistics, 396: Union Missionary Society, 551 ; Societies, n, 471; Work, 273, 319; Work for Women ……………………………. 240 Word to Contributors………. ……….. 62 Word, Per"onal …………………….. 860 World's Convention, Shall there be Another.. . ……………………….. 142 World-Wide Field………… … ….. … 72 World-Wi,le Mi"sions, Chaplain McCabe•.• 383 Worshippers, A HIance at Chinese ……… 531 Wright, Mrs. J. N.. … … .. …………… ~59 Y. M. C. A.. 720. 958; In Foreign Lands…• 240 Y. P. S. C. Endeayor………………. 791, 638 Young Men's Guild of the Church of Scot- land ………………………………. 225 Z('llana Work, Mac1ul'ft, Inrih- .. _… ~ ….•• 794 ZmHlmt Bihle and Medical Mission ……•.• 797 Za.ml)e",~ l~ranl~h )1i"'''10H'& ou the ••.•..•••• tlO'f;'

The Missionary Review of the World — 1889 Index

according to Act of Congress, in the year ~889

Missionary Review of the World.

VOL. II. NEW SERIES. VOL. XII. OLD SERIES.

JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1889.

J. M. SHERWOOD, EDITORS: NEW YORK. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, PHILADELPHIA.

PUBLISHERS: FUNK & WAGNALLS, NEW YORK: LONDON: 18 AND 20 ASTOR PLACE. 44 FLEET STREET. WILLIAM BRIGGS. 18 AND 80 KING STREET. EAsT. TORONTO,CANADA: FUNK & W AGNALLS, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. O.

mho:. .959

INDEX FOR I.-LITERATURE OF MISSIONS.

PAGE. .. PAGB. Laborers wanted in the Republic of Cnlom- American Missionary in tbe Orient, The, by Autbor of '"Islam and Cbristian Mi.- hials. A., Rev. T. H. Candor……… 618 slons" …•…..•…..•….•……….. $01 Lay M ssions in China, B. C. Atterbury, Book of Acts and the World's Evangeliza- M. D …………………………….. 436 tion, Prof. W. A. Pitzer …………… 490 Lookinl!" Backward and Forward, Editors. 1 Bondei 1l1ission, The, W. H. Morse, M. D .. 197 Madagascat, L. P. Brockett, M. D. Part British Opium in China, G. '1'. Masun …… 36 I. 351; Part II ……………………. 4Z5 -Buddhist Doctrine of Salvation by Faith, Miracles of Missions.• No. IX. Signs of F. F. Ellinwood, D.D ……………… 647 the Superanatural in the General Work, Carey, William, J. M. Ludlow, D.D…….. 7~D A. T. P., 2Il. No. X. Mission to the Characteristics of the ltecent Atlverse Criticisms upon Missions, Cyrus 1tamlin, Blind in China, A. T. P., 106. No. XI. Wonderful Work in: the West Indies, D.D ……………………………… 696 A. T. P.,187. No. XlI. The Story of Cities, The Crisis in, A. T. P ………….. SIlO . City, The, as a Factor in the World's Evan- Siam, A. T. P., 845. No. XUI. Work gelization, J. iI'l. S ………………… 161 Among the Wynds of Glasgow, A. T. P., 492. No. XlV. The Land of the China Inland Missiou, Prof. Homer B. Hul- Inqnisition, A. T. P., 588. No. XV. The bert…………………………….. 255 Land of Esther, A. T. P …………. 9011 Chinese, The Character of the, Rev. J. H. Missionary Heroes in Africa, Robert N.

Roberts ………………………. 136; 218 Oust, LL.D …………… , ………… 117 Christian College at San Panlo, Brazil, Missionary Puem, "Till He Come. " .•…. 846 G. W. Cbamberlain, D.D …………… 836 Missionar~ The, in the'midst of Poverty, Christian Missions as tbe Ente1'l>rise of the Cyms Hamlin, D.D……………….. 857' Church, A. T. P…………………… 5 Missions in tbe Levant. No. ll. Tbeir Christian Unity and Christian Missions, Metbods. Rev. Edwin M.Bli••, 20. No. Rev. J. L. Russell ………… ; …….. 888 Continental Missionary Conferencll at Bre- Ill. Their Resnlts……………….. 90 Mission, The, and Commission of the men, Germany. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . … 840 Church,A. T. P .. ~………………… 321 Criticisms npon Forei.!ln Missions, Rev. Ed- Modern Apostle, A. Hon. Ion Keith-Falwin M. Hliss ……………………… 184 coner, Rev. W. J. Mutch ………….. 414 Damien, Father, the Leper Priest of the Mohammedanism in China, Rev. H. V. Molokai. Rev. Edwin M. Bliss………. 507 Noyes ……………………………. 58 DeIitzsch's Hebrew New Test., Semi-Cen- , Money, Tbe Ministry of, No. I., A. T. P., tennial of, Prof. George H. Schodde, 661. No. ll. A. T. P.; No. llI. E. p~ Ph.D ……………………………. 97 Cowan, D.D., William Tbaw, ~94; No. Disl ribution of Mission:try Agents, Tbe, IV. Rev. W. Harrison……………. 744 Rev. EdwardStarrow ……………… 262 Mormon Missions, The Marvels of. Rev. D. Emin Pasha, Rev. Loui. Grout………….. 439 L. Leonard ………………. : …….. 382 England and Foreign Missions, James John- Notes from our English Correspondent, ston, Secretary World's Missionary …………………………..274;498: 677 Conference ………………………. 26 Notes on New Books of a Missionary Char- Evangelization of the Cbinese in America, acter, Editorial ………. , .. .12'~l 3&!; 518 J. Stewart Happer .'……………….. 509 Our Extant Sidney Smitbs, Rev. D. L. Leon- Exposition of Missions, Tbe, A. T. P ……. 174 ard ……………………………… 658 Further 'l'estimonit"s to Mls"ions, A. T. P .. 241 Papal Cburch (toward Progress), The Atti- Hans Egede, Thomas Laurie, D.D ………. 881 tude of the. A. T. P……………….. 577 Have we too' Many Miss:onary Periodi- Pastor Harms and his Work, Rev. Thomas cals, J. M. S………………………. 592 Laurie…………………………… 840 Henry Martyn, J. M. Ludlow, D.D……… 14 Persia, The Ancient Church of and its Reform, J. H. Shedd, D.D…………. 774 Historic Churches of the East, Tbe, Prof. George H.Scbodde, Ph.D ………….. 819 Pillar on tbe Borrler of Egypt, A, Chas. S. Historical Outline of Missions among the Robinson. D.D……………………. 101 , Jews, Prof. B. Pick, Ph. D, …….. 669; 750 Pioneer of tbe Gospel in France, A, Rev. Important Events in Papal Lands, A. T. P .. 268 J. C.Bracq ………………………. 581 Intluence of Missionary Efforts on the In- Prayer-Basis ofMi.sion Wc.rk, The, A. T. P. 652 Press, The, on Foreign Mission Il'ields, dians of New York, F. F. Ellinwood, J. T. Gracey, D. D………………… 458 ·D.D………………………………. 902 Tnterest in Missions, .. A Watcbman " …… 74:1 Protestant Missions in Eastern Eqnatorial Islam, J. T. Gracey, D.D ………….. 214; 300 Africa, Robert N. eust, LL.D………. 194 Islam and Christian Missions …… " ….. , 561 Returned Missionaries, Geo W. Wood,D.D. 772 Japan, Hindrances and Helps in, J. T. Roman Catholic Encroachments on Protes- Oracey, D.D, 616; Notes from, Rev. H. tant Missions …………………….. 899 Loomis……………………….. 622; 862 Serving our own Generation, A. T. ,P…… 481 Japan, The Great Crisis in, F. F. :Ellin- . ShaftesburyJ:he Evangelistic Earl, A. T. P. 721 wood, D.D …………………………815 Sir William Hunter on the Religions of In- dia……………………………… 71 Japan, The Outlook in, George W. Knox, Slavery, The Current Contlict with, Rev. D.D., 410; A First Year's Impression of, Fred. S. Cnrtis …………………. 504 James Johnston, A. S. A …………… 914 JeWish Mission Work, Prof. Geo. H. South Africa. The Mustard Seed of Mis- , Schodd… Ph. D …. __ ……… '" …… 419 sions in, Rev. Lewis Grout …………. 488

INDEX

~I'AGE. I Dph il a M. ·m·~·M~~·~·~·~P· A Gm . .

Stndent Missionary Uprising, The, JonriR. s and the' Gothic Bible: Jan:es Mott…………………………….. 824 Lndlow, D.D………………………. 259 Vindication of Missions, A. T. Po,……… 81 Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions ………… 200; 361; 442; 516; 605 Waldensians, The, and their Bi-Centennial, 640 Prof. Henry W. Hnlbert …………… .r Taylor and Radcliffe's Mission in America, When Shall Coms' the Consummation Reginald Radcliffe ………………….· 33 Poem. J. E. RankinJ.p.D.. . . . . . .. . .. 600 Woman and Woman's work at the Lon- .. Till He Come." Poem by Mrs. Merrill don Conference, Mrs. J. T. Gracey. . . 111 E. Gates………………… .. …. .. … 846 World's Conference, A Retrospect 'of That Question of Population, F. F. Ellln- A. T. P ………………………….. : 401 wood,D.D……………………….. 250 ZnlU8, Religious Views and Practices of the, Rev. LewisGrout……………… 738 The Great Famine Cry. Poem by Miss West …………………………….. 282 Translations from Foreign Miss. Periodi- cals, Rev. Chas. C. Starbnck, 40; 201; H.-GENERAL INDEX. '

PAGE. PAGE.

AFRICA.-Mission work among the Zulu! aries, 955; Bp. Taylor………………….956 in Natal, 5~; Central Africa, description, 53; Aberdeen, The Earl of, Editorial Note.. …. 78 North Africa, descrIption, 52; Mohammedan· Alaska, Lawlessness and Woman Stealing.. 221 ism and Missions, M; Note from Rev. Chas. Alaska, Moravian ~lission ……………… 151 W. Kilbon, 71 ; Trans·Afriea railway, 71 ; Mis- Albania, Appeal in its Behalf…………… 453 sionary Heroes in, 117 ; appeal from an evan- American Government. Tbe, and tbe Drink gelist, 127' Note on the Deserted Ml.sion, 1~7 ; tbo Congo tribes, 182; Liberia, 132; Cardinal Traffic in Africa, Ed. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. … 70 Lavigiere's mission, 150; Scotch Free Church American Missionary in the Orient, The, by Mission amongtbe Znlus, 150; Baptist Mission on the Congo, 151 ; Liquor traffic. 151; Basutoland, author of "Islam aud Christiau Mis- 151 : Protestant Mis.ions in Eastern Equatorial sions "……… ………….. ….. . .. 801 Africa, 194; the Bondei Mission, lUi; East Af· American Sunday School Union,65th Annirican policy, 210; butchery or the Oe;oni tribe, ni vel'sary ……………………… 636, 640 2~1 ; Universities' Mission, 226; Eastern Africa Anti-Slavery Defense, James Stevenson's in a ferment, 227 ; session of American Presb. Pamphlet………………………… 876 Cburch, ~~9 ; letter from Sec. N. bofrica Mis· Appeal of Grimth John and Arnold Foster sion, 291; Rum on tbe Copgo, 292 ; Llvingstone's in Bebalf ofan Independent Mission in discoveries, 292; Lieutenant Wissman's ad- China …………………………… 455 dress before Hamburg Geo. Society, 29~; Miss. Applied Missionary Information ……•….. 297 iuterest in E. Africa, 293 ; how some missions Arabia, Keith-Falconer Mission ………… 638 were saved, 293; Bechuanaland, 865: Logos, a Arabian Mission, The …………………. 855 vivid picture of, 366 ; Mohammedan resolution, Archliisbop of Canterbury Quoted. . . . . . . . . 238 367 ; Exeter Hall meeting on Slave traffic, 444 ; Arnold, Miss Ellen, Thrilling Description of a missionary's journey in Central Africa, 446; Work in Australia …………………. 688 missionary interests in C. Africa, 446; Congo, a Arnot, Fred. S., Work in Central Africa, hopefullleld, 447; exciting events in the Soudan, noticed …………………………. 518 447 ; Bishop Smythies on Zanzibar,<l48; African Artbingon's, Robert,.Criticisms ……….. U42 ivory, 448; physical features, religion, 465; tbe Asia Minor, Letter from Mrs. Dr. Metbeny. 127 Congo MiSSion, 466; notes, 469; ,notes of In· Asia Minor, St. Paul's Institute at Tarsus.. 51 terest, 476; the mustard seerl of Missions in S. Association for Free Distribution of Scrip– Africa, 488 ; release of missional'ies, 498; mls· tures………………………………. 384 sionaries for C. Africa, 502; Prof. Calderwood Ansam Mission, noticed. …… .. . . … …… 364 quoted,520; must be aggressive, 520; diffusion Austria, Hostility to Evangelical Work….. 310 of tbe English language, 520; are foreigu mis- Baldwin, Rev. E. F., Letter from Morocco, sions a success, 520; African Lake Co. 521; 209 ; Oriticism on Letters in The Ohris– revived Hinduism. 521; results of a Chrlstle8s tian, 548; Work in Southern Mocivilization, 521 ; Dr. Cust on missionary wives, rocco ………………… ".,,,,,,,,,,,, 525 522; Dr. Su.nmers in the Congo Free States, Bain, James Alexander, Death of……….. 789 522; E. F. Baldwin'swork in Morocco, 525; Baptist Ylissionary SOCiety (En~lish) …….. 500 missions of German and English societies, !i56 ; Baptist Churches of Great BrItain, Statiswork in Mogador ; slave hunters and misslon- tics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . 890 eries, 606; Africa's regeneration, 606; what Beall, M. E., Quoted from North American Bishop Turner says of Africa, 607 ; notes ofmiss. Review …………………………… 297 evangelists, 607; Indigo,607; miss. societies In Beall, Rev. M. E., Letter from San Luis Africa; 634; items of interest, 637; situation in Potosi. ….. ;'……………………… 291 Nyassa, 677 ; 681 ; new slation in Ukukivi, 678 ; shocking barbarities, 67!;. Cameron on C. Africa, BELGIUM.-E"angelical Society, 227' 680: C. M. S's work, t!Ild; Church of Scotland The King a nd the oCfo, n5~g7r;egEavtiaonng,e3li1c0a'l missions :near Nyassa, 686; Drommond on slave Evangelical Society trade, 70&; items ofinterest, 716; farewell meet· Church of Belginm, 716; Consumption ing at Liverpool, 760; Arab traders in C. Africa, of Liquor …………………………… 878 760 ; J. B. E. African Co. 761; letter from Rev. Bible Distribution …………………….. 398 Jos. Clark,766; do. Chas. Jas.Laffin, 767; Jas. Johnston on Catholicmissions, 769; letter from Black's" Christian Womanhood," noticed. 519 Rev. H. Jackson, 770; Arabs in C. Africa, Blake, Dr. J., Impressions of Mission Work in India ………………………….. 211 Congo mission, etc., 796 i.Jlghtingthe Arabs, 847; BliSS, Rev. Edwin M., Missions in the Levant, No. II., Their Methods, 20; No. the fnture of Africa, 84'1 ; miss. for C. Africa, III., Their Result,;, 00; Note in Reply chauges at Bonny, Portuguese, advance, 848 ; outstations of C. A., 878. Slave life on the to Dr. Hamlin ………………….. ' " 709 Congo, 914; Christian slaves at Mecca; Por· Bliss, Dr. Isaac G., Death and Sketcb of tuguese and the slave trade, 915 ; Fight against Life ……………………………… 818 slave trade at NY8ssa, 916 ; Slavery in British E. African possessions. 918 ? Native races aud Bokbara and tbe Liquor Traffic…………. 275 liquor tramc commerce, 918 ; :Dr. Guinne.s in Bonar, Dr. A. A., Address at MUdmay Con- Boston,924 ; Cust on African Languages, 926 ; ference ………………………….. 236 Latest l)ews from Stanley, 955; Scotch mission· Booth, Gen., on Revivals ………………. 683 Bound Volume of MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TBE WORLD …………………….. 160 Boynton, Rev. F. H., Letter to Dr. Pierson. 210 PAGE. China Inland Mission. Prof. Homer '~GE. BRAZIL.-Letter from Rev. George B. Nind, 49; Organization of llraz.i!an Synod, Hulbert ………………………….. 255 80 ; Opportnnity for Christian MisSIOns, ~21 ; Chinese Evangelist, The …………. .474; 509 Self-supporting MisSionaries, 5~6; "eneral As- Chmese 10 America.. .. . ……………… 54.1 sem bly Action on Presbyterian Missions, 6U7 ; Christian College .at San Paulo, Brazil, G. Mission ~tatistics, 635; Stl1tistics of Presbyterian Church Mission, 714; A Christian Col<- W.Chamberlam, D.D …………….. 836 lege, 886 ; A Wonderful Old Metn, 865. Christian Missions as tne l£nterprise of the Barnum, Dr. H. N., eloquent appeal. ……. 9<3 Bright Bits of Readings, etc., noticed……. 364 Clmrch. Editorial…….. ……….. 5 British Contributions to Foreign Missions Christianity and Humanity, by Charles·S.

in 1881, Tables of, Rev. W. A. ::lcott Ely, noticed.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . …. . . … 123 Robinson…………………. …….. 75 Christian Unity and Christian Missiuns, British Government sells the right to man- ufacture and sell liquor in India .. 0<••••• 398 Hev. J.L. Hussell …………………. 888 Bl'itish Opium in China, Rev. G. L. Mason. 36 Christlieb, D,·. TneodJr, Death of………. ol~ Brool<s. Arthur, Death of ……………… 275 Church, the Growth of the, in U. S. ::ltettis- Buddhist Doctrine of Salvation by Faith, l!'. F. Ellinwood, D.D ……………… 6i7 tics ………………………………. 232 Bulgarian Annoyances…. …………… 864 Church,The Mission and Commission of the, .

BURMAH.-Latest news in regard to fam- A.T.P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·321 ine,151; What statistics show, 15~; The loyal City, the, as a Factur in the World's Evan- Karens, 210; Area, 380; A religious ceremony, 608. gelization, J. M. ::l., 161; Evangeliza- tion of Cities. . .. . . . . .. .. . . . … .. . . .. … 222 . CANADA.-Wuman's Missionary Societies, Clark,N.G., D.D., Letter to Dr. Pierson …. 547 43 ; Missionary Society of the Methodist Church, College Students …………………….. 480 123. Colonization, The New Era of, and its Bear- Canadian Congregational Year·Book, 1888·9. ]58 ing on Christian Philanthrophy, F. F. Carey, William,J. 1Il. Lndlow, D.D …….. 739 Ellinwood, D.D ………………….. 738 centenary Missionary Conference, A Retro- Colored Race, Missions Among the …….. 214 Continental Missionary Conference at Bre- spect of, A. T. P …………………… 401 men ………………………….. 840,899 Contribntions to Miss. and Bible Society CHIN A.-British Opinm, 36; Letter from for fifty years. . . . . . .. . . . .. …………. 159 Dr. John L. Nevius on Synod of China, 46; Mo- Convention of Christian Workers in De· ha.mmedauism in, 5):;; Numbe,· of Christians, troit ……………………………. 231 71; Threats of Government, 72; Synod of Chi- Cook, Rev. J. A. B., letter describing a na, discllsbion of the Uniun quetition, 8.0; the ChristianBaba ……. , ……………. 527 petrty of progress.. 133; Character of the Chi- Copp, Rev. Alfred, A Call to China……… 200 nese, 136; the Uhinese language and some Correspondent3, Letters from and replies .. 385 tl'aits of character,144; Vision of the Cross, Crisis in Cities, The, A. T. P …………… tl30 150; Texts and themes for ~1issionary Sermons, Critics of ~lissions, The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 15J; the blind, 151; the great examination at Criticisms upon Missions, Cyrus Hamlin, Nankin, 152; China Inland Mission, 152; A Call D.D ……………………………… 696 to Cbina, 208; Letter from Tangier, Morocco, Criticisms upon Foreign Missions, Rev. Ed- 209; Dr. MartinIs labors in Peking, 210; the win M. Bliss………….. .. ………. 184 habit..tions of cruelty, 220; meeting of Synod of Cuba, Baptist Mission …………………. 717 China, 227; China Inland MiSSion, 227; An· Cuba, Religious Outlook ……………….. 477 ting hospital, 227; the Christian Cullege, 2~8; Custl Dr. H Notes" on Miss. subjects, J. T. ",', Chinese policy, 228; Chinese benevolence, 237; Gracey, D D., 531; on African languages. 926 China Inland Mission work, :;55; the Famine, Damien, Father, the leper priest of Molo- 277; opium habit,291; Roman Catholic mis- kai. ……………………………… 50. sions, 265; Exclusion Bill passed, 310, table of Daniels, estimate of world's population …. 390 statIstics for 18b8, 316; religions orChina, 367; Death of ilir. Ahok's mother ……..•….. 60 American Commerce, 367; Dr. Happer on Oen· DeQuincy, a beautiful distinction. .. ……. 237 tenary Conference, 3;0; Famine in Shantung, Distinguished Witnesses, by Rev. John Lig- 372; Gen. MISS. Conference, 379; statistics of gins, noticed ……………………… 123 China Inland Mission, 1888. 388; Ching-Kiang Division of the World-field …………….. 634 riot, 397; medical work, 397; lay missionaries itl, Duff, Alexander. . . . .. . .. . . . .. .. . … .. .. …. 135 4'35; idolatry in Canton, 448; appeal in behalf oran independent mission, 4i5; Chinese New ENGLAND.-England and Foreign Missions, Year, 456; the Exclusion Bill, 477; Evangeliza- 26; Woman's Miss. Societe of Great Britain tion of the Ohinese in Americ<1, 50~; a good and Ireland, 41; the opi urn traffic, action of book, 522; Chinese in America, 544; chal)els in '" Tue Christian Union," 5! ; London Mission- Canton, 557; medical missionaries, 608; Che- ary Society, 7:l; Outburst of paganism, 72; Turfoo hospital, 638; mission work in ShanSl, key Mission Aid Society, 152; Garibaldi'S ap- 684; letter from Rev. H. Corbett,687; table of peal, 152; Church of England Woman's :Miss. Catb.olic miSSIOns, 715; AmericanPresb. Miss., Association, 152; The Salvation Army, 211 ; Canton, 715; Inland mission, 717; Cbristian Contributions to Missions, 228; Sir Monier College, 761; items of interest, 796; death of Willams' Kensington address, 296; Laymission- Rev. J. Crossett, 849; services of U. S. Minister aries, 310 ; British and Foreign Bible Society, Reed. 853; Caine's criticisms refuted, 854; items 443; item~ of interest, 443; a missionary exhiof interest,879; the great hospital at Canton, bition, 522 ~ Wesleyan Miss. Society's missions, 924; changes affecting China'" progress, 931. 558; J .s. Johnston on Canon Taylor's attack, 55~; We~layan Mi.s. Society. 638; New Miss. CEYLON.-Education, 133: Mission work scheme, 633; Baptist Union (G. B.), 638 ; report at Jaffa, 175; Great change in,879; careless use on E. African Mission, 717; Zenana society of figures ……… : ……………………. 943 meeting, 7~7; C. M. S. missionaries, 879 .. Cheap Missionaries," 852; Views of Mer- Egypt, A Pillar on the borders of, C. S.

edith Townsend, 852 ; Literary Mission- Robinson, D.D ……………………. 101 aries……………………………… 852 E~ypt, American Mission in . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 468 Changes in Ohina affecting its progress, Egypt, Miss Whately's Work in Cairo …… 557 Rev. H. D. Porter, lI'1.D ……………. 931 Ellinwood, F. F., D.D., classes in compara- Church Habits ………………………. 223 Chile, An Appeal to Christians for Prayer .. 767 tive religions ……………………… 787 Children'S Aid Society, Work of. ………. 480 Emin Pasha, Rev. Lewis Grout ……….. , 439 England and Foreign Missions, Rev. James Johnston, A. S. A. ………….. …… 26 Europe, Standing Armies ……………… 295 E.angelical Miss. Society at Basel, Switzer– land, Prof. Henry W. Hulbert……… < 2Q!'j PAGR. PAGK.

Evangelical Preaching,What it has done for test case. 303; some facts about India, 305; the heathen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ….. …… 368 benefits of British rule. 307; missionary in_ fluence. 808; the Jesuits. 809; Rum exported Exposition of Missions, The, A. T. P ……. l74 to Africa from Liverpool, 809; alarming Extant Sydney Smiths, Onr, Rev. D. L. uews from Uganda.. 309; Bishop Taylor's advance party. 809 ; an independent mission Leonard. . . . . . . . . . . • •••. . . . . . . . •. . . . . . •• 6li8 in Liberia, 309; Dr. Jex-Blake's impressions of mission work in India.3ll; Rev.J.Shi!- FRANCE.-Annnal report of Societlt; dn lidy's statistics of progress in India,311 ; N. Nord, 72; Death 01 an old servant woman, 152 ; India M<ethodistConference.312; Justice in Seaman's Rest at Marseilles,:l87; Letter from India. 317 ; Pundita Ramabai, 365.523; Bukh- C. E. Faithful about work ill Marseilles, 289 ; mabai. 365; Patna Mission, 365; Wesleyan Dr. McAU's account of hiS work in France. 450; Foreign Missions, 365; Government and the Interference with missions, 55~; A Pioneer of liquor traffic. 368; pilgrimage to Mecca, 368 ; the Gospel in France, 581; The McAll Mission, missionary schools, 386; BengalConference, 825 ; The Black Fields of France, 630; Miss 398; Emin Pasha, 439; educational report Leigh's Paris homes, 762; A Pioneer of the 1887-8.444; a commissioner'S viewsof Indian Gospel, Roussel, 581. missions, 449; drunkenness, 449; Pundita Faithful, C. Eo, letter on work in France … 289 Ra.mabai,478; Assam, 478; Caine'sinvestiga,.. Famine Cry, The great, Miss West……… 282 tion at Lucknow. 478; Roman Catholic mis- Fiji, population,etc …………………… 152 sions,503; ArnericanBaptistTelugaMissioll, Financial facts ……………………….. 387 523; letter from Secretary Haegert, 527; a Finland, baptisms …………………….. 152 Christian Baba.527; Rev.J.E.Scott's letter Foreign Missionary Societies of the U. S., from Muttsa.558; Dr. Fry's report on medi- cal missions, 558; Arcot America.n Mission, 1887-88, table of statistics. . . . . . . … . . . .. 158 558; Mrs. Wishard's success. 612; Mala.bar Foreign Miss. Prayer Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Syrian Chnrch case, 615 ; number of Roman Formosa, Canadian Mission ……………. 211 Clttholics m India. 639; mission to lepers, Formosa, English Presbyterian Church …. 477 639; Telnga Mission. 639; Marathi Mission. Freedman, The, Senator Bruce on Race 639;.hero missionary Stevenson, 685; stirring letter from Albert M…rton. G90; Syrian Problem, 469 ; gifts to …………….. 480 Ohristlans. 691; Bombay. 71B; various Freshman's Hebrew Christian Church in items of interest, 718; child marriage, leprosy. 762; missionary life. 762; false New york . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 charges. 764 ; significant facts, 797; Madras Gale. Rev. Jas. S., letter concerning Korea. 289 Bible SociE'ty, 797; child marriages, 849; Ze- Gavazzi, Death of……. •……………. 270 nana seclusion. 850 ; poisoning Hindu con- verts, 924. GERMANY.-Dr. Zieman's labors inSchles- wig-Holstein. 211 ; reflex influence of mis- INDIANS.-Conference of the Dakota churches. 154; wonderfnl change. 478; insions.684. fluence of missionary etIorts on the Indians Germany. Conference at Frankfort……… 638 of New York. 902. Germany. '.!'he Continental Miss. Conference Indian political problem, Rev. Geo.M.

at Bremen.. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. …. ……. 840 Wood.JI· ………………………… 766 Gibson, Dr. Otis, a fear/ess missionary…… 525 Indians of New York. The Influence of Gladstone's translation of Rock of Ages … 611 Gracey's "Sketch of Mrs. Doremns," no- MissionaryetIorts on the, F. F. ElJin- wood.D………………………….. 902 ticed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 Interested in Missions……………….. 742 GrlJlin, Miss Libbie C., account of Miss. InternatIOnal Miss. Union, Sixth annual meeting……………………… 304; 692 Conference at Lucknow ……………. 129 International Miss. Union at Bridgeton. Guinea, PIlgrim's Progress printed …….. 228 N. J ……………………………… 538 Hans Egede. Rev. Thomas Laurie ………. 881 Ireland,19th report of Churc,h of. ……. 636 Hawaii. The Anglican MissiOn …………. 134 ITALY.-Statistics of evangelical Chri.- Happer, Dr. A. P., on Centenary Confer- tians, 390; the Free Church, 635; sehool at, Pisa, 850. ence …………………………….. 870 Islam, Dr. J. T. Gracey ………….. 214; 300 Harms, Pastor, and His Work, Thomas Islam and Christian Missions ………… 561 Laurie, D.D………………………. 340 JAPAN.-Progress. 56; Japanese views of Heathen and Christian Giving …………. 238 Christianity. 56; increase of converts, 73; Hebrew M688enger. Ph_, commended …… 475 awakening 73; Japanese views of Chris- Hell Gate Explosion. The ……………… 547 tianity. 134; Buddhism. 153; contribntions Heroic Chnrch among the heathen. . . .•. . .. 621 of converts. 153 ; J'apanese mission to Chris- Heroic Women ……………………….. 681 tendom, 154; Eby's apneal for Japan. 206; Histop Stephen, Work on India, noticed…. 364 mission of M. E. Church. South. 286; Rev. Historic Churches in the East, George' H. T. Richards on the condition of thin!;s, 312; the Greek Church alive. 312; prohibitory Schodde. Ph. D …………………… 819 laws against rum.368; appeal for the In- Historical Outline of Missions flmong the dnstrial Home. 372: Japan under its con- stitution. 379; statistics of miSSIOns for Jews,Prof. B. Pick, Ph. D ……… 669; 750 1868. 391; the outlook in, 410.,i Secretary Holcomb's "Bits about India," noticed …. 519 Wishard's letter relating to x. 111. C. A. Home Missions, Joseph Cook on, 867; Sec'y building in Tokio, 452; letter of Rev. Fred (Jurtis, 452; etIorts to revive Buddhism, Wines on convicts, etc…………….. 888 462; first year's impressions of Japan, 504 ; Humphrey, Dr. Heman, Weighty Words … 790 a college revival. 523; OPPOSItion to Union. Hnnter. Sir William, on the Religions of 559; change of sentiment, 560; report of Council of MisslonR, 560; religion the ab- India …………………………….. 271 soroing topic, 612; editorial to Buddhists, 613 ; hindrances and helps. 616; notes from Icela.nd. number of converts…….•…•. 478 Japan, 622; the sunrIse kingdom. 700; Ja- panese Christian Church, 798; the great INDIA.–Report of TravancoreCommittee crisis in, 815; notes from Japan, 862; new of L. M. S .• 55; revival of Hinduism. 72; re- constitntion.871 ; itemsof interest, 879; Ja- ply to some of Dr. pust's criticisms. 128; pan Mission annual report, 880. Miss Griffin. account of Missionary Confer- ence at Lucknow.l29 ; how the opium traf- fic a.ro86.134; incidentsof the work in Japan, 142'1 Grant Dufl"s address before FAinburgh Phi o. Institution. 153; Ca.techlsm Aryan- Vedie religion, 153; Christian Vernacu- la.r Ed. Society. 153; a voice from India, 208; times of refreshing, 212; character, of the Chinese. 219; statistical abstract of em- pire, 232; the Hanchow Hospital, 234; wo- men in Japan. 238; Sir William Hnnter on the religions of India. 271 ; area. ponulation. etc.,278; the ,. P~tna." case in court,303; 8t PAGE. Missionary Agents, The Distribntion J;AGIIl.

JAVA.-Missionary work, 154; description Rev. Edward Storrow•…………… : 262 of, etc., 546; when missionary work began, Missionary LibrarY-6 vols.-noticed…… : 518 300; number of converts in central district, Missionary Training School, Boston ….•… 880 399. JJ() Jenanyan, Rev. H. S., St. Paul's Institute.. 51 MIRACLES OF MISSIONS.-No. IX., Jerusalem, rapid growth of the city .213; 478; 940 Signs of the Supernatural in the General Work. 28; No. X., Mission to the Blind in China, 106; JEWS.-Freshman's missionary work in No. XI., A Wonderful Work in the West Indies, New York,'lsil; Jewish population of PrussIa, 187; No. XII., The Story of Siam, 845; No. 159; mission to Jews in Paris, 230; mission in XIII.• Work Among the Wynds of Glasgow, Philadelphia, 231; Christianity among the 492; No. XIV., The Land of the Inquisition, Jews, 365; Jewish mission work, 419; move- 588 ; the Land of Esther, 909. ments of various Jewish societies, 449; first Missionary, The, in the midst of poverty… 857 Hebrew church in America, 615; history of Missionary Conference in London, Report Jewish missions, 669, 750; Jews in Paris, 798; Judaism and ethics, 79ti; missions among, 9il9; of. noticed…………….. ……….. 122 mission notes, 925; great interest in their evan- Missionary Periodicals, Have we too many, JgeelWi~za:tDi~o~n~, ~94~4~.~. ~~~~'..~.o'..~'..~~~.~~~~b~~ J.M. S …………………………… 592 Missionary Heroes in Africa, Robt. N. Cust Jesnit missions, number, etc ………….. :L394 Jesuitism in Canada, Fight with ……….. 632 LL.D……………•……………… : 117 Johnston, H. H., quoted ………………. 521 M!ss!onary Ye.ar-Book for 1889 …….. 320; 475 KOREA.-The work in Seoul, 288; Korea a MISSIOnary WIfe, A, what Dr. Herrick says miracle in modern missions, 312 ; aid asked for famine, 312; Underwood's statement and ap- of her ……………………………. 313 peal for Korea, 456; the Hermit nation, 703; Misapprehension, A, of a critic of "Crisis progress of the gospel, 798; Union Mission, 851 ; friendly criticism. 856. of Mission" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. 790 Keith-Fslconer. Hon. Ion., Rev. J. Mutch.. 414 Moody's Training School.. . . . . . . •. . . . . . . . .. 945 KeUey, Mrs. Augusta, memoirs, noticed …. 519 Monthly.Concert, topics for 1890.•…•…… 942 Kinnard, Dowager Lady, death of ………. 385 Moravian Gen. Synod …………………. 925 Land of the Inquisition, The, A. T. P …… 58B Moravian iVIissions, The Marvel of, Rev. D. Larkin. Clarence, How to make missionary L. Leonard…………………….. : .. 332 Wall Maps and Charts …………….. 129 Mohammedanism, Dr. Post on Islam ……. 218 Lay missionaries in China, B. C. Atterbury, Mohammedanism …………………….. 682 Mohammedan Revolution in Uganda ……. 276 M.D……………………………… 435 Money, The Christianization of. ….•…… 744 Leo XIII. and the civil power….•…….. , 629 Lincoln. Bishop, Trial of. . . . . . . . .. …….. 710 Monthly Concert,A. 'r. Pierson, D.D., Gen- Looking Backward and Forward, Editorial, 1 Ludlow, James M., Henry Martyn………. 14 eral Survey, 67; Texts and Themes for Miss. Sermons……………………. , 70 "' MADAGASCAR.-L. M, S. pushing its work, Mormon Morality…………………….. 541 78; growth of schools, 154; Mrs. Leavitt's Moslem Manifesto, A ……. , …………… 862 – grand work, 154 ; school statistics, 232; should Mossoul, Jewish Congregation at……. …. 58 be prayed for, 813; Mrs. Leavitt's visit. 313 ; Mott. Geo. S., D.D., Letter to Dr. PierRon .. 131 History of its mission by Dr. Brockett, 357; 421 Muhler, Rev. George, results of life work .. ZiI!l McAn, Rev. R. W., important statement of Murray's Bible in the PacifiC, noticed .. , … 388 his work in France •……..• , ………. 450 NEW GUINEA.-Grand field for miss. McAJI Association, The American ……….. 474 work,73. Marshal Bazaine …………………….. , 633 New Guinea, account of mission work… . .. 540 MEXICO.-Destitution of the Bible, 73; new NEW MEXICO.-A ~new mission in Para- mission stations, 154; periodical literatnre of guay,73. . Mexico, 369; plea for a college 399: Friends' Mission, 399; progress. 479; vainable discov- NEW ZEALAND.-Is in fact evangelized, 73; 926. " ery.557. :Mitchell, Dr. Arthur, on vindication of mis- Nevius, John L .. D.D., on Synod of China.. 46 Nevius, Dr., on famine in Shantung …. : … 372 sions……………………………… 92B Nichobar Islands, The, S. P. G., begun miss. Mattees, Rev. S., letter on Syrian Chris- work in ………………•………… 397 Nind, Rev. Geo., on Brazil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 tians…………………………… 691 Norton, Alhert, stirring letter…..•…….. 68~ Martyn, Henry• James M. Ludlow.. . . . . . . . . 14 Noyes, Rev. H. V., Mohammedanism in Mechlin. Rev. John C., on Petsia……….. 50 China ……………………………. 58 Medical charity the fruit of Christianity… 41)0 Medical Miss. Rociety. InternationaL …… 719 Oriental Justice, a Case of…………….. 387 Metheny, Mrs. Dr., affecting acconnt of her ORGANIZED MISSIONARY WORK. work in Mersine ………………….. 127 Methodist E. Church, appropriations for Latest Reports of Missionary Societies. American Board of Foreign MiSSions, sta- 1889-90.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 159 tistical table,156; 80th annoalreport … 947 Ministry of Money. The, No. I., A. T. P., African Methodist Church, Miss. Board.3S9; r55 . 661; No. II., Rev. W. Harrison, 744; American Bible Society. . . . •. . . . . . . . .. …. 555 No. Ill., Wm. Thaw, an example, by Association for Improvement of Remote Dr. E. P. Cowan …………………. 894 Highlands, etc., in connection with Free Church of Scotland…………………. 287 Mission and Commission of the Church, A. British and Foreign Bible Society…… 124 ~ ~38 T. P ……………………………… 321 British Syrian Mission Schools. etc….. : . " 712 Baptist, American ~lis8ionary Union…….. 794 Missions, The Vindication of, A. T. P. . . . . . 81 Missions, recent assaults on ……………. 384 " Brethren. General. ……………. 795 Missions and the new Theology………… 871 Gen. ASBo. of U. S. and Territo- Missions, another Assault, W. S. Cane ….. 47~ ries ……. . ………….. ,'95 Missions, Further 'I'estimonies to, A. T. P.. 242 Missions in the Levant, No. II.• Their Miss. Convention, The Consoli- dated, Amer………………. 795 Methods, 20; No. III., Their Results, Rev. Edwin M. Bliss ………………. 190 Convention, Southern…………. 795 Missions among the Jews, Historical. .669; 750 Miss. Society, Seventh-day O..n.t.a1r2i5~' 794 Missions to Lepers …………………… , 535 Foreign Miss. Society of and Quebec ……………. 551 ; 954 Brethren (German)….. . ……. 947 Amer. Free, Mission in Southern Benga. ………………….. 286 PAGE. • PAGII. South American Miss. Association •••••••… 389 llaptist Amer. Free, Woman's Miss. So- ciety……………………… 288 SOCiety for the P. of Gospel in Foreign Church of England in Canada ………….. 955 Parts …………………………….. 555 Church Missionary Society…………….. 711 Spanish Evangelistic :Hission in Figueras •. 285 China Iuland Missi'?n……. : …………. 7ti..l Chnstlan MIss. SOCiety, Foreign ……….. 95~ United Brethren in Christ, church statis- tics, 390; annual report ……………. 952 Christian Connection …………………. 958 United Church of Christ in Japan ………. 551 Chnrch of God ……………………….. 952 Welsh Calvinistic Methodist, England ….. 875 Colonial and Contiuental Ch. Society …… 712 'Voman.. s Missionary ~oCleties of Can… Danish Evangelical Miss. Society ………. 283 ada…………………………… 43; 155 Darjeeling. Mission. . . … … . ………….. 288 Woman's lIliss. Societies of Great Britain Egyptian Mission, statistics of, 1865, 1887… 551 and Ireland … '" ……………… ,44; 155 Evangelical AslSociation ………………. 953 Womau's Foreign Miss.:Work ………….. 155 GeI'man Evan~elical Mission SOcieties ….. 157 . PERSIA.-Dr, Bruce's Account, 154 ; Mis- Jaffa Medical Mission and Hospital.. …… 555 ~lOn Movements., 524; Amer. Presbyterian Keith·Falconer Mission, S. Arabia………. 71:! Mission, 5~J; the land of Esther, 909; the Jews Leper House in Jerusalem …………….. 521 and the Shah,764; Pel'sia and its Missions Leipzig Missionary Society……………… 124 781 j Dr. Pierson on Persia. 909. '

London Association in Aid of the lloravian Paraguay, A New Mission Started……… 154 ·Missions …………………………. 389 Pa~'an Reli..::ion, Ethical Value of………. 3~2 London Missionary Society … . •.. . . . . .. 711 Luth~ran, The Evangelical Mission (Leip- Papal C!Jurch, The Attitude of ~he, Toward SiC) ……………………………… 284 Progress, A. T. P.. .. .. .. .. . .. .. …. …. 577 Lutheran Evangelical Gen. Synod in India. 550 Papal Doctrine ……………………….. 866 " "Church Gen. Council. 946 Papal Lands, Important Events in, A. T. P. 268 " h H U Synod .. 946 Patna Case, Progress in ………………. 385 McAll Mission in France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 953 Paton, John G., book noticed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 Parkhurst, C. H., D.D., quoted ………… 686 Malayalam Mission, Travancore, L. M. S .. 550 Mennonite Ganel'al Conference ………… 253 Pierson, A. T .. D.D., Resig-nation of Pas- Methodist Episcopal Church, receipts for torate for Miss ionary Work……… '" 871 1887-88. tables ………………… 157; 314 Popnlation, That Question of, F. F. Eilin- Methodist Episcopal Church (South)J"pan wood, D.D………………………. 250 M.ission. .. … . .. … .. .. ….. . .. … .. . 286 Portuguese, and the Slave Traffic ………. 915 Prayer, The Unspoken. Poem ………… 308 Methodist Miss. Society (Canada) ………. 123 Pra)"er-Basis of Mission Work. A. T. P •• 652 Methodist Church, Canada …………….. 954 " Protestant Church, U. S. A ….. 954 PreshyterianBoards' Receipts ………… 640 Episcopal .. (South) ….. 954 Presid{'nt Harrison and ::Missions ….. 630; 708 U H (African) . .. 95 Pl'ess, The, on Forei!'u Mission Fields …. 41i8 Protestant Churches of the U. S., Contribn- Wesleyan Methodist Connection (Ameri- tlons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 can) ……………………………… 952 Protestant Epis. Church U. S., Statistics .. 687 Wesleyan Methodist Mis"ion in Mysore dis- Protestantism in Hamburg …………… 502 triCt …………………………….. 549 Protestant lI1issionade<! and Lepers …….. 851 Methodist E. Church, North India Con ….. 549 Private Missionary Enterprises. . . . . . . . . . .. 870 " " Bengal }'IiRsion ……. 550 .. E. MiSSion, Bareilly Theo. Sem. 550 RUSSIA.-interrerence in African Affairs, 400; persecution of Lutheran Chllrch, 719: Day- , "Central China Miss .. 555 break Among the Kirghiz, 764; Con verts Bap- " Protestant Church, 1888……… 388 tized.798. Medical Miss. Association, …………….. 389 Ramabai's Inetit.lItion for CbJild Widows. .. 64 Reed. Hon. William R, D;stingnished Ser- Edingborgh Medical Miss. Society ………. 389 Moravian Missions ……………. 283; 712; 792 viees while U. S. Minister to China …. 835 London Asso. in Aid of Moravian Missions. 712 Heformca, or Covenanter ChUl·ch ………. 369 Netherland Societies.

Netherland Missionary Union ………….. 522 Reforme( CatholiCS; Labors of Rev. James " "Society.. .. .. . . .. … 522 A. O'Conn"r …………………….. 474 Rescued Sla ves Fund …………………. 240 Christian Reformed Church in the Nether- lands …………………………….. 522 Returned 1Ilissionaries Work at Home ….. 772 .~Mi8sion and Church of Ermeloo, Ja va . . . . . . 5~2 Revelle's Improved Atlas of the World, no- Mennonite Union for P. G. in Dutch Colo- ticed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · …………… 518 nies ……………………………… 528 Richardson, Rev. A. D., Letter Giving In- teresting Facts ……………………. 371 Dutch Lutheran Society for H. and F. Missions ……………………………. /)23 Ronriguef'l.. MadalPe J-,opez, Letter on l'1is- • sion Work ill Figueras ……………. 290 Java Comite,Batavia for H. and F. Miss .. 528 Utrecht Mission Union H " 523 Roman ('atholic Encroachments on Protes- H Rhenish Mission Society, Barmen, Ger•…. 523 tant Mi!"sions. . ………………….. Bn9 North Africa MissioD …………………..1954 Romanism in Quebec…………………. eo8 Romamsm, D,·. Dore.hester on ………. '" 791 Pl'esbyterian Church in the U. S. of America …………………………….. 874 Roussel, Napoleon, Sketch orLife ……… 581 Presbyterian Church in the U. S. (Sonth)… 947 SCOTLAND~-Important 'PaperR on Mis- Fion Suhjects, 73; Church of Scotland, Young H "America (United) …. 877 Men's Guild, 1:35; Annual lIfeeting Nat. Bible h " i n Canada, …. ", .. , … 877 SOCiety, 400. Samoa ………………………………. 886 inEn,e;land ……….. 875 Samoa, Mormon Invasion. .. ….. .. .. … .. 5!JO Samoans, The Fille Race. etc ………….. 400 Cumberland ………. 952 Associate Reformed Church, (South) …………….. 952 Church, Reformed ……….. , 712 " in N. A., General SIAM.-The Story of, A. T. P., 345; Area, Synod (Reformed) ……..•• 874 population, religion, etc., 3~0. Free Chnrch of ScotJan<l …… 876 Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S.A.. 952 SPAIN .-Pel'eecution and Trial of Rev. J. R~formed (Dutch )Church of America….. 873 M. Vila, 57; Evan!!elistic missir'n work in Fi- Reformed (German) Church in the U. S …. 947 gueras, 285; Letter from Madame Rodrigues, 290; Rhenish Missionary Society ……………. 389 Irish Pt"f'sbyterian Work, 313; "SunnySpaill~H Seaman's Friend Society, American … 126; 504 464; The Land of the Inquisition, 588; Celebra- Seaman's Rest, Marseilles ……………… 2A7 tion of the Discovery of America, 609; Second South American Missionary Society ……. 954 Reformation, 628; lI1edical Missions, 629; PAGE. Thibet, expulsion 01 Roman Catholic Mi~~GE. Strength ofProtestant Church, 636; Irisll Presb. . sionaries…………………………. 210 Work, 640; Irisll Presb, Ch ……………. 719 Sumatra, Dutcll Mission Work …………. 230 Thlbet, not open to missions …………… 479 Sweden, Princess Eugenie Establishes a Thlbet, area, etc ……………………… 160 Missiou House …………………… 313 Thibetans, a praying people….•……….. 525 Sweden, Request for Prayer………….. 292 Tahiti, interesting account of.. …..••….•. ~530 South Africa, The Mustard-Seed of Missions Terra del Fuefl;o.. . … . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . . .. … 869 Texts and Themes for miss. sermons ..308; 363 in, Rev. Lewis Grout ………………. 488 Teluga people, speedy evangelization, reso- lutIOns of Canadian Baptist Miss. Con. 549 SYRIA.-Eddy's Arabic Oommentary, 74; Transfer of Political Power, Dr. J. T. Gra- The Abeih Field, 74; Ancient Syrian Church, cey………………………….. ; …. 375 136; Dr. Jessup ou Student Graduates, 213; En- Trans~ations from Foreign Missionary magcouragement, 230; Protestant College, 313' azmes, Rev. Chas. C. Starbnck, 40; Emigration of Syrians, 313; Statistics of Presb: 28403];; 92176.9; 358'' 512,' 601,' 674.,' -756' Missions, 392-90; Annual !leeting of Syrian Missions,4oo; A Private Letter, 453; lIlurder I , of a Faithful Missionary, 52g; Journal of :liiss. 'fonr, 613; Dr. Lindsay 76,p3 Freshman Mis- . UNITED STATES.-Mr. Hand's princely sion,770; Letter from Miss. Jl'lary P. Eddy, 613' g~f~ .for Free~men, 74; Dr. Pierson's gift of Syrian Prot. College, 636; Outlook. 640; Dr: Cnsls'of MiSSIOns, 74; Y. M. C. A. Conference Pierson on Syria, 936; Union Church in Bei- at Stockholm, 74; Christian endeavor,7th rerut, 937. port, 74; Protestant Episcopal Missions, 74; Sailor's Magazine, Bound Vol., 1888, no- theol. schools for the colored race, 369: falling ticed … , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 off in miss. receipts, 369 ; Dorchester's statis- Sailor's Bethel in New Orleans ………… 231 ~ics of th~ churches of the U. S. for 1888, ;)94; Salvation Army… .. .. … ………. .. ….. 398 !tems of, Interest, 480; medical missions, 719 ; Scandinavia, the Lutheran religion.; ……. 230 Items ofmterest, 720; Dr. G76u6in; nceosrsr'evcitsiiot~s76o5~' Scott, Rev. James, Mission work among' Indian POlitical probiem, the Zulus in Africa. .. … ………….. 52 Madagascar article, 770; letter from Rev. W. Scott Rev. J. E. letter from India ……… . McBray, 771; Dr. Gninness m Kam,as, 772; Semi-Centennial of Detitzsch's Hebrew departure of missionaries, non-partisan Indian New Testament, Geo. H.Schodde.Ph. D. 97 schools, miSSIOnary interest, 799; mission Serving our own Generation. A. T. P……. 148 press, Home miss. work, 800. . Shaftesbury, Lord, Statue of…………… 240 UnderWood, Rev. H. G., letter concerning Shaftesbury, the Evangelistic Earl, A. T. P .. 741 ~ork in Seonl, Korea ……….. : ….,288 Slavery, Current Conflict with, Jas. John- Uphllas and the Gothic Bible, J. M. Ludlow, D.D……………………………… 250 ston, A. S. A ………………………. 914 Utah, Good tidings from ………………. 317 Slave Trade. The, in EaAtern Africa. Ed. . . . 79 Van Norden …………………………. 808 Slenny, Edward H., Sec. N.AfricanMission, Victoria, Congregational Union ……•….. 241 Wainright, Sam'l H. , letter from Japan …. 613 letter from, 2~1 …………………… , .Waldensian Church Statistics ………….. 635 Snodgrass, Rev. E. letter on Japan ……… 613 t::lomerville Sec., Rev. R. M., account ofmur· Waldensians, The, and their Bi-Centennial, Prof. Henry W. Hulbert……………. 641 der of a missionary in Antioch ………. 529 Wallace, Alfred Rnssell, remarkable testi- South A.merioa, laborers wa)1ted in Col- • mony to value of missions ………….. 297 War, The Cost of…………………….. 944 umbla …………………………… 619 Spurgeon on Revivals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6H2 'Varne'.'k's Modern Missions and Culture, Starbuck, Rev. Chas. C., Translations from notICed ………………………….. 361 Foreign Missionary Magazines 40 ; 201 ; West Indies, A wonderful work in the, A. 279; 358: 512 ; 601 ; 674; 756; 843; 919; T. P.. , …….. o..f. …………………. 187 Stevenson, Wm.Fleming, D.D., Life of, no- West's Missions,"noticed … 519 ticed…………………………….. ; 363 '~Romance Statistics (tabulated) of the Missionary So- cieties of the World ………………948-51 Whtar I a missionary-statistics of contri- " Strange Doctrine," A. T. P …………… 545 u IOns …………………………. 296 Stndent Missionary UpriSing, The, John R. Mott ……………………………. 824 William's" Sonth Sea Islands, " noticed … 518 Stndent Volunteer Movement for Foreign Wilson, John, Life of, noticed…………. 122 Missions, 200; 361 ; 442; 516; 605 Women's Christian Temperance Union….. 234 Snggestions from correspondents, and edi- Woman's Miss. Societies of the U. S., sta- tistics ……………………………. 155 t tors reply ………………………… 493 Woman's work in missions …………. : .. 610 Switzerland Evan. Society ……………. 880 Woman and Woman's Work at the London Conference. Mrs. Dr. J. T. Gracey ….. 111 TURKEY. – Government opposition to Wood, Rev. C. B., A voice from India…… 208 rMmeisosthsraiiocmntimoinendsflaumneiansdmcee297o64p;p; rleewtsitstehiverrefinr4Oo0~"0E~irnzsferluorevonimccee3s7oo1ff' Vorld's Debt to missionaries, The ……… 297 Minister Htraus, 479: American institutions in World's Evangelization, The, and the Book (~onstantinople ~25; statistics of E. Turkey Mis- of Acts …………………………… 490 sIOn 609; Tnrklsh Government and American 'World's Miss. Com. of Christian Women… 861 schools,78B; a concession, 799 ; the revival at Anitab, 927. Work among- the Wynds of Glasgow, Taylor (J. Hndson) and Radcliffe's Mission A. T. P ………………………….. 492 Working Theology of the day ………….. 945 Campai~n in America.. " …. . ~. .. ….. 33 Worship' of the virO'in …………. , …….. 896 Taylor, Bishop Wm …………………… 234 Yoga, Sir Monier Williams, description of Taylor's China MiSSions, noticed ………. 364 devotees ………………………. '" 383· Znlulano, descriptive ………………… 468 zUIT;' R!,li!!'ious Views and Practices. Rev. eWlS Gront………………………. 734