The Missionary Review of the World — February 1935

1935

Idols Falling in China James P. Leynse A Robber's Church in India H. R. Coventry A Century of Medical Work in China J. Oscar Thomson Problems and Encouragements at Home Seen by Home Mission Executives The Success of Missionary Children Ellsworth Huntington Among the Italians in America A. Di Domenica

~bt 1Sing'~ .u~int~~ Augustus Field Beard was born

May 11, 1833, in Norwalk, son of Al- published by gernon Edwin and Mary E. Mallory Beard. After attendmg Williston BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES Academy, he went to Yale, bemg graduated with the A. B. degree in A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it 1857 and receiving his Master's de- gree in 1860. In 1857 and 1858 he for every member of the family circle went to Auburn Theological Seminary, and in 1860, the year that he was I SSUED for twenty-five years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- ordained a minister of the Congrega- NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the funda- tional Church, was graduated from mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its Union Theological Seminary. interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An Dr. Beard in 1886 became corre- International Lesson Commentary, Notes on Christian Endeavor, Daily sponding secretary of the American Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and Missionary Association of the Congre- Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; gational Church. For many years he Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present took a prominent part in the developavailable free with annual subscriptions: a teacher's Bible, a copy of ment of schools and colleges for Nelamison's Bible Chart, or a copy of Objects that Talk and Teach, con- groes in the South, and on his huntaining 52 new and interesting object lessons. The supply of each of dredth birthday anniversary, a fund these premiums is limited, so order at once. of $100,000 was started to provide scholarships for advanced Negro stu- Address: dents.

tlrbt Iting'5 1iusimss *** 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California Miss Frances Cecil Heath, one of the most valued leaders of the Y. W. Dates to Remember Obituary Note. C. A. in Great Britain, died on De- cember 30, 1934. She was the daugh- FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY Masanobu Ishizaka, first Dean and ter of the late Rev. Christopher and ASSEMBLIES then President of Aoyama Gakuin, Mrs. Heath of Hucclecote and Chelten- Tokyo, died in that city November 8. ham and joined the Y. W. C. A. in For further information, write to His doctor's degree was received at 1912 as Divisional Secretary of the Miss B. Louise Woodford, 930 23d St., Johns Hopkins University. Southern Division of Great Britain. North, St. Petersburg, Fla. She became principal of the Associa- January 26-30-0rlando. Dr. J. J. Ran*som* , p*ioneer Method- tion's Training College in London and January 27-30-Deland. when the College closed Miss Heath Jan u a r y 30-February 1 – P a I m ist missionary to Brazil, died at Nash- went to Jamaica, and put the work of ville, Tenn., October 18. Dr. Ransom the Y. W. C. A. on a lasting founda- Beaches. organized the Methodist Mission in tion so that it has increased in February 2-7-Miami. Brazil, and was an outstanding lin- strength. Her remarkable power with February 7-8-Bradenton. guist and theologian, contributing Colored girls was evident when later February 7-S-Fort Myers. frequently to church periodicals and she went to West Africa to make a February 9-IS-St. Petersburg. translating religious works into Por- survey for the World's Y. W. C. A. February 10-13-Clearwater. tuguese. As a result of her visit a good work February 13-1S-Tampa. was started in Lagos. February 17-19-Lakeland. The Rev. Fr*ede*ric*k Lynch, D.D., February 17-19-Winter Haven. If you use February 19-21-Gainesville. minister, editor and peace advocate, February 23-26-Jacksonville. secretary of the Church Peace Union, PRINTING 1914-26, died in December at his home January 22-2S-Cause and Cure of in New York City, at the age of 67. YOU will profit from an ac- War Conference. Washington, D. C. quaintanceship with us. We Dr. Lynch was born at Peace Dale, do the job complete in our own January 22 – February 16 – Cornell R. 1., and studied at Yale and was or- plant. whether it be large or School for Missionaries, Cornell, dained in the Congregational ministry small. N. Y. in 1899. He edited Christian Work for twenty years, 1906-26, and was While our specialty is Books. February ll-IS-Annual Meeting, In- president (1910-18) of the American Magatines and Pamphlets. vet ternational Council of Religious Scandinavian Foundation. He was a we have a variety of modem Education, Chicago. founder and in 1914-26 secretary of equipment to meet all the re- the World Alliance for International quirements of vour particular February 24-Brotherhood Day. Friendship. job. You will find our service March 8-World Day of Prayer. prompt, careful and courteous. March S-IO-Youth Conference under The Rev. Dr. Augustus F. Beard, the oldest Yale alumnus and the old- Will you allow us to estimate the Auspices of the Greater New est Christian minister in the United on your next printing? We be- York Federation of C h u r c h e s, States, died on December 22d at his lieve you will be delighted with Riverside Church, New York. home in Norwalk, Connecticut. He our product, price and service. was 101 years old on May 11. The EVANGELICAL PRESS He took his first airplane ride at 100. Print.,., of The Mi.s5lonary Retri…. of the WMid He attained wide recognition for his work in the advancement of higher PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE education for Southern Negroes, and third and Reily Str••ts Harrl_l, P.. was for many years secretary of the American Missionary Association.

MISSIONARY issue, and 1 congratulate you. After "We deeply regret that

REVIEW OF THE WORLD I laid it down my wife took it up, and Young, when called upon by the when I came back an hour later she Minister of War, did demon- DELAVAN L. PmRsoN, Editor was still reading it. strate the use of the hand 'bil- lies' on one occasion. This we VOL. LVIII FEB.,1935 No.2 PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, feel was a serious error on his Trea8urer of the Moravian Church. part. The leading newspapers Publication and Business Oftlce in Ecuador recognize that Mr. Third and Reily Sta., Harrisburg, Pa. *** Young acted from a sincere de- sire to save human life, without Editorial and Executive Office It was a glad surprise to find the thought of gain for himself . . . 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City latest copy of the REVIEW on the S. S. Entered as second-class matter at Empre88 of Canada last summer when "Mr. Young has served as a Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act enroute to Honolulu. Someone ought missionary in Ecuador since of March 3, 1879. to place the REVIEW on other large 1918 and has proved himself to 25 cents a aopY-$2.50 a year. be a devoted servant of Christ, Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. steamers! an earnest and successful win- Published monthly, except August. ner of souls. We believe he acted All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. ANNE SEESHOLTZ, Exec. Sec., innocently, although inadvised- British agents, Marshall, Morgan Council of Women for Home Mi8- ly, in this matter." and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, 8ion8, New York, N. Y. DAVID MASON. 10 shlllings a year. *** Personal Items MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- This January MISSIONARY REVIEW LISHING CO., INC. Mr. W. P. Livingstone, of Edin- BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE WORLD, fine as it is all burgh, has retired from editorship of Life and Work, official organ of the RoBERT E. SPEER, President through, appeals to me especially be- Church of Scotland, and the young WM: I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President people's missionary paper, Other WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer cause of its breadth of vision in giv- Lands. Mr. Livingstone is the author DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary of fourteen missionary books, of which SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT ing all Christian matters pertaining the best known are "Mary Slessor of MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Calabar," "Laws of Livingstonia" and WM. B. LIPPHARD to the Church of Christ throughout "The Galilee Doctor." He is well ERIC M. NORTH known not only in Great Britain and MILTON T. STAUFFER the World. ADELE GREENE. America, but.in Africa, Australia and A. L. W ARNSHUIB the West Indies. His Life of Mary SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Wa8hington, D. C. Slessor has been translated into Ara- bic, Dutch, French, Chinese, Welsh, Editorial Chat "Missions or Hand Grenades" Hindi, Norwegian and Hungarian.

January was the month for taking A Correction *** account of stock; for considering the past and its lessons; and to prepare Exception has been taken to a Carlton M: Sherwood, General Secfor an advance. The Foreign Mis- paragraph in our December retary of the International Society of sions Conference met for this purpose number (page 589), under the Christian Endeavor, has been apin Garden City (Jan. 2 to 4) and the above caption. The information pointed Executive Director of the As- Home Missions Conference in Phila- was copied from The Living sociated Boards for Christian Colleges delphia (Jan. 6 to 10). Both meetings Church which, in turn, quoted in China, with headquarters in Bosof missionary executives are briefly from testimony presented at the ton. reported in our "Topics of the Times." munitions inquiry in Washing- Fuller reports can be obtained from ton. Letters from Rev. A. C. Dr. John H.* Fi*nley*, educator and the headquarters of the Foreign Mis- Snead, and from Rev. David Masions Conference, now at 156 Fifth son, Foreign Secretaries of the publicist, has accepted the national Avenue, New York, and of the Home Christian and Missionary Alli- chairmanship of "Brotherhood Day" Missions Council and the Council of ance, under which Mr. Young which will be observed by Protestants, Women for Home Missions, 105 East was sent as a missionary to Catholics and Jews on February 24, 22d Street, New York. The REVIEW Ecuador, throw light on the mat- 1935. is cooperating, heartily but unofficial- ter. These letters and The Ally, with these interdenominational or- liance Weekly contain the fol- Rev. Frank T*. C* ar*twright, Associganizations and with all evangelical lowing comments on the incimission boards and societies, denom- dent: ate Secretary of the Methodist Forinational or independent, that are eign Board, is touring the mission seeking to make Christ known and to "During 1932, there was con- fields to study cooperative problems enlist men and women in His service. siderable political turmoil in in Japan, Korea, China, the Philip- Ecuador, with frequent revolu- pines and Malaysia. The aim of the REVIEW is to pre- tions, during which many lives sent the universal need for Christ and were lost, including the lives of *** His Gospel and to report how God is innocent bystanders, among them working today in all parts of the a fine Ecuadorian Christian. In Miss Sue Weddell, Secretary of world to reveal Himself, to save men order to prevent further blood- You n g Peoples' Work, Reformed from sin and eternal death, and to shed Mr. Young suggested to the Church in America, has been elected establish His sovereign control in all authorities that tear-gas might Chairman of the Board of Managers lands and in all realms of life. be used in place of guns to over- of the Missionary Education Move- come the unruly rebellious mobs. ment. *** As a result, communication was established between the Minis- *** Encouragement comes from letters ter of War and the Federal Labwhich tell of the way God is using the oratories and sample "billies"- Miss Anne Seesholtz, Executive REVIEW to stimulate interest in our tear gas bombs – were sent Secretary of the Council of Women readers and enlist them in His service. through the regular Government for Home Missions, has received a Some of these write as follows: channels to Ecuador. We are as- degree of Doctor of Philosophy from sured that Mr. Young did not Columbia University. Her field is This afternoon I did something that take orders for the bombs. History and Philosophy of Religion. is psychologically all wrong, but I could not help it. I took up the Janu- [49 ] ary REVIEW and read it from cover to cover. I simply could not stop. I think it is an exceptionally interesting

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN ARTIST INTERPRETS CHRIST'S

1. The Parable of the Great Supper. 2 The Broad and Narrow Gates. 3. The Wise ",nd Foolish Virgins. 4. The Good Shepherd Returning. 5. "Ask and It Shall Be Given You." REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS VOLUME LVIII FEBRUARY, 1935 NUMBER Two —-~- —–~~—————————————— Topics of the Times HOME MISSIONS TODAY IN AMERICA of the Church to move with the frontier and to establish churches and schools. In our own day geographical fron- Some of the present-day problems and challenge tiers are shifting, as in the Tennessee Valley development.

in the task of making America Christian was pre- By the turn of the twentieth century the frontier had sented in the twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of shifted from the West to the industrial communities of the Home Missions Council and the Council of the East, from Anglo-Saxon to the Slavic, Latin and Women for Home Missions which met in Phila- Semitic races. The Church never really occupied this delphia, January 7th to 10th. The presiding offi- frontier, with serious consequences for the America of to- day. This frontier still lies as a challenge before the cers were Dr. Charles E. Schreffer, Secretary of home mission agencies. But the frontier of the new day is largely social-inthe Reformed Church in the United States Board dustrial, economic. It is psychological and spiritual. Conof Home Missions, and Mrs. Daniel A. Poling, gregationalists are creating a Social Action Department, President of the Council of Women for Home and the Baptists have appointed a Christian Social Action Missions. The topics discussed included young Commission. There can be no doubt that it is the func- people's work, pioneering, migrant workers, In- tion of the Church to cultivate social insight, to create social sympathies, to cultivate social imagination-that dian work, Jews, New Americans, West Indies, the effect of individual conduct or social action may be Alaska, rural work, church buildings, Orientals, envisaged-and to cultivate in individuals and groups not cooperation and strategy and planning for the only a willingness to share but the courage to create situa- future. The home mission study topic for the year tions under which they must share. As the Church dur- ing the eighteenth century prepared men to serve on the (1935-6) is the "Next Steps in Home Missions." geographical frontier and later other men to serve on racial frontiers, should not the Church and its home lPis- The major emphases of the message for the sion agencies now definitely set apart men for service present day were enumerated by Dr. Chas. H.

Sears as follows: along the new social frontiers?

The current demands upon religion are for spiritual Home mission leaders must be quick to shift their stratpower to transcend difficult and almost baffling circum- egy to meet changed conditions, recognizing that "Church stances that confront us. Men look to the Church to cul- extension" demanded on the geographic frontier is not tivate the resources of the Spirit. The human spirit can the "Church extension" required on the social frontiernever be satisfied with its material environment for it fewer new churches, more outreach in ministry. The has needs which no social order can satisfy. The time- home mission programs required today must meet the reless task of the Church is to cultivate the powers of the ligious needs of people and the social needs of individuals Spirit by which great souls rise superior to and become and communities rather than seek only to save one's self.

victorious over circumstance. The work in the home mission fields was ably Men look to the Church to cultivate the active mood reviewed by Dr. Wm. R. King, Executive Secre- through which men are inspired to lay the foundations of social life in accord with Christian principles. The tary of the Council. There are now twenty-six Christian Church must not fail it at such a time as this. denominations cooperating and the Council is also It must ever recognize the essential character of religion affiliated with ten interdenominational bodies, -that religion is life and is dependent upon spiritual nineteen State Home Mission Councils, fifteen forces. Current demands upon home mission agencies include State Councils of Churches, forty-five City Church programs that comprehend the whole task of the Church; Federations, and nine cooperative regional com- programs that are extensive and that carry vital religion missions. Cooperation between evangelical agen- along the shifting frontiers of American life-geographi- cies is a great feature of the two Home Mission cal, racial, social. Within one hundred years after the Councils.

close of the Revolutionary War the geographical frontier T~e p.resent trends to which Dr. King called atof America was pushed forward from the Appalachian Mountains almost to the Pacific Coast. It was the task tentIon Include (1) improvement in financial sup- [ 51 ]

port; (2) consolidation and simplification in "Confessional Synod," cannot be foreseen. Up to board organization and administration; (3) in- the present the contributions to the missionary creased cooperation between denominational agen- societies have been well maintained. The threat- cies; (4) new steps toward comity to eliminate ened collapse is due to the restrictions which the overlapping and waste of energy and money; (5) Government, owing to financial circumstances, has greater emphasis on evangelism and the need for imposed on German exchange. The transmission spiritual awakenings, with plans for Gospel of money out of Germany has been greatly re- preaching missions; (6) there are also unfavora- stricted and though the German missionary soci- ble trends toward denominational emphasis due eties have funds at their disposal they are not to a mistaken idea of the need for self-preserva- allowed to send them out of the country excepting tion; (7) anti-religious and anti-denominational as authorized by the Government.

activity; (8) attacks on home missions as an out- The normal expenditures of the German evan- of-date enterprise – due to prejudice or lack of gelical missionary societies on their work abroad information. has been approximately $1,650,000 a year, of The fourfold challenge to the Christians in which about $500,000 was for general missionary American churches was outlined as follows: (1) purposes such as the payment of indigenous work- To realize and make known the great present-day ers, the maintenance of institutions and general need and to employ more effective methods to running expenses, while the remainder covered meet that need; (2) to unify the study and ap- the allowances to German missionaries. It was proach to the problem and the attempts at the hoped that a certain amount (probably less than solution, without interfering with individual ini- half the normal sum required) would be allowed tiative and operation; (3) to put home missions to be transmitted for this latter purpose, since .

to the fore as an inspiring service for Christ and the Government recognizes an obligation towards mankind and a vital part of each church program; its own nationals overseas. The latest informa- (4) a determination to advance in spite of diffi- tion is, however, that the restrictions on exchange culties, to regain lost ground and to evangelize will not permit the sending of even this limited untouched fields and un-Christian areas of life. contribution. In November, only 8,500 marks were The Church must, under the guidance and power available for the total support of German mission- of God, conquer atheism, materialism, and selfish- ary work throughout the world. The German fields ness. Christ alone is able to solve all problems thus receive no money at all from home, or at the but He evidently does not plan to solve them alone. best an insignificant amount. It needs little im- As Head of the Church He calls for the devoted agination to realize the difficulties and distress cooperation of His followers. created by the sudden cutting off of customary The conference this year passed special resolu- supplies from the home base for the churches in tions urging the adoption of the Costigan-Wagner the field. The German societies have appealed to anti-lynching bill; the observance of "Sanctuary the missionary societies in other countries to come Sunday"; approval of the Religion and Welfare to their aid in the attempt to mitigate the dire ef- Recovery Movement, and of the Young People's Spiritual Emphasis Movement. fects of the calamity. The Conference of Missionary Societies in Great The president of the Home Missions Council for the coming year is Dr. E. M. Halliday, of the Britain invited representatives of the German Congregational Church. Mrs. Daniel A. Poling missionary societies to come to London to c~mfer continues to be the efficient president of the Coun- with a subcommittee of its Standing Committee cil of Women for Home Missions. The next an- and with the officers of the International Missionnual Home Missions Conference is to be held in ary Council. The conference took place at Edin- Washington, D. C., early in January, 1936, and burgh House on November 12 and 13, 1934, and will center its attention chiefly on Town and Coun- each of about twenty-five German mission fields try work, and the Rural Fields, which is to be was examined in detail. The result showed that home mission study topic for the year 1937-8. at least $250,000 a year, or half of the amount hitherto transmitted for general missionary pur- A CRISIS IN GERMAN MISSIONS poses, would be required to meet pressing needs. It was assumed that the German societies would The work of German evangelical missions be allowed t; remit in addition at least some part throughout the world is threatened with catas- of the money required for missionary salaries- trophe. The primary cause is not the conflict an assumption which is likely to prove mistaken.

within the German Church, though how that con- Real and urgent as the need is, it is clear that flict may affect the work of the missionary socie- in the present financial straits in which the mis- ties, all of which have identified themselves with sionary societies in all countries find themselves the movement represented by the conservative there is little hope of obtaining from their con-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

stituencies additional contributions to anything tress during a limited period, probably not longer like the amount required. On the other hand, the than the end of next June. The figures given in Church throughout the world cannot stand aside an earlier paragraph are an indication of the exand see the fruits of one hundred years of mission tent of the need. Similar appeals are being made work fall into ruins. in Great Britain and the Scandinavian countries.

A continuance of German missionary work on Some missionary societies outside Germany its former basis is impossible unless the restric- have special links or associations with a particutions on foreign exchange are relaxed. The Ger- lar German mission and consequently may regard man societies, like the missionary societies in it as a special obligation to give help in that quarother countries, though in a still more drastic and ter. There is no reason why special efforts of this abrupt way, may be obliged to reconstruct their nature, while retaining their distinctive character, whole work to meet the altered conditions. But should not be coordinated with a more general efthis task, though it must be taken in hand at once, fort in which the missionary societies in other cannot be carried through in a day. It will have, countries seek collectively to bring aid to the soremoreover, to be undertaken in international con- ly pressed churches established by the German sultation and cooperation. If the German mission- missions. In order to avoid duplication of efforts, ary societies are prevented from supplying either and to provide for cooperation, it is urgently remen or money for their fields, a large and impor- quested that the offices of the International Mistant work, hitherto conducted by a German mis- sionary Council, now at 156 Fifth Avenue, New sion, is threatened with complete collapse, a situa- York, be used as a clearing house of information tion may be created in which some other society and that notice of all funds sent from any source outside Germany working in an adjoining field in North America to any German mission, and may feel under an obligation to come to its aid. the place to which they are sent, should be at once communicated to the same office* In order that these possibilities may be explored, a breathing space is essential. In the A. L. WARNSHUIS. meantime there are needs of extreme urgency to be met. Unless some help is immediately forth- FORWARD IN FOREIGN MISSIONS coming the catastrophe may be complete. Like Napoleon's drummer boy, the foreign mis- The facts were fully reported to the Committee sion leaders of North America "know not how to of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missions beat a retreat"-but for a different reason. The Conference of North America and upon the rec- Foreign Missions Conference of North America, ommendation of that Committee, the Conference including some 200 missionaries, executives and on January 3d adopted the following resolutions: other leaders of the United States and Canada, met (January 2 to 4) at Garden City, Long Island, That this Annual Conference commend to the churches in their forty-second annual conference. They and boards an appeal for contributions to an Emergency faced frankly old and new difficulties that con- Fund for immediate relief to German missions and with a front the enterprise at home and abroad-financial view to providing for a period of a few months in which straits; indifference in the churches; opposition plans may be developed for the necessary support of the and regulation by governments in Mexico and foreign missions of the churches in Germany. other lands; Roman Catholic antagonism to evan- gelical work in the Congo; divided forces and at That the Conference entrust this appeal and the Emer- times rival programs among Protestants; weak gency Fund to a special committee with the officers of the national churches; nationalism; materialism, ra- International Missionary Council. tionalism and godless communism. These and other difficulties do not dismay or discourage mis- That we authorize the special committee to seek a con- sionary leaders who are conscious that the forces ference with the German Ambassador to the United States that are for us are greater, far greater, than those to discuss with him the conditions in Germany which have against us. The Christian Church has always led to this regulation, and to learn how we may be of help, faced insuperable difficulties-insuperable to men and to inquire how some plan may be worked out which but not to God. would lessen the burden of our German fellow missionaries. A dark picture of economic and political condi- That this Annual Conference instruct the special com- tions in Europe was painted by Stanley Highmittee to express to the German Missionary Conference Congregational pastor, editor and radio speaker. the sincere sympathy of this Annual Conference and an It was a picture without much light or hope for assurance of its united prayers and such assistance as may be practicable with the hope that effective relief may • Contributions to the German Mission Emergency Fund may be soon be found from the difficult situation in which the Ger- sent to the office of the F'oreign Missions Conference, 156 Fifth man missions are now placed. Avenue, New York, and, in accordance with advice received from the German societies, these will be sent immediately where the need Is These resolutions have been put into effect im- greatest. mediately and an appeal has been sent to all the Foreign Mission Boards in North America to contribute to the proposed Emergency Fund. No definite amount has been fixed for this fund, but the aim is only to provide relief for urgent dis-

he failed to take God and His forces into account. to Christ by word of mouth and by Christlike life The facts, the shadows cast by human selfishness and service. Their appeal was very sympatheti- and sin, cast a gloom over the earth, but we must cally received and was referred to a committee not forget that God can change the whole situa- for further conference and recommendations.

tion over night. Here is manifested a revival of the missionary Dr. Herbert H. Farmer, a professor in Hartford spirit among college-trained youth that led to the Theological Seminary, clearly and cogently pre- formation of the Student Volunteer Movement a sented the brighter side of the picture, calling half century ago.

attention not only to the great need of man but to Other speakers at the conference included Dr. the saving power of God at work in the world. Francis Wei, of China; Dr. J. Oscar Thompson, Dr. Farmer pointed out that the Christian mes- of Canton; Dr. Victor G. Mills, of Montclair, and sage is uniquely adopted to the present age and Dr. Nicol Macnicol, formerly secretary of the that no man has the right to change this divine National Christian Council of India. Dr. Robert message to suit his own view of what will meet P. Wilder, who has given nearly half a century to human need. God speaks to the world through the missionary cause-in India, America, Europe, Christ and He speaks to His Church through the and the Near East-was introduced to the conferworld events that reveal human need.* ence.

One afternoon was spent in considering the Dr. John R. Mott was elected Chairman for the "Next Steps in Missions," but while helpful coming year, and it is proposed to hold the next thoughts were presented there seemed to be no annual meeting from January 8 to 10, 1936, in a clearly-defined program for advance. Dr. Fred place not yet designated. The annual budget F. Goodsell of Boston reported that the American required is $51,000. One of the features of this Board plans to emphasize evangelism-or "The year's meeting was the presence of a larger numexperience of Christ in modern life"; social action ber of younger people than usual, under thirty -or the application of Christianity to present-day years of age, a feature that it is proposed to conproblems; more cooperation in mission work; and tinue. One lack in this year's program was any a financial advance that will endeavor to enlist a effective presentation of concrete, up-to-date facts larger number of givers rather than to secure from the mission fields; the weakness of some larger gifts. Miss Sallie Lou MacKinnon of the discussions of present-day problems 'was the lack Methodist Church, South, convincingly recom- of any adequate suggestions as to their solution. mended that missionaries be given more liberty The Foreign Missions Conference has, in past to work outside of established institutional pro- years, been the means of achieving many valuable grams-as Dr. Stanley Jones is doing in India and results in cooperation at home and abroad, in China and Dr. George Howard in South America. promoting missionary preparation, and in develop- The success of these plans depends on the guidance ing leadership and strength in the churches on the and power of the Spirit of God working in and field. through the missionaries. Dr. Alexander Paul, of the United Christian Missionary Society, rec- CONDITIONS IN SOUTH INDIA ommended that more power and authority be given Gandhi's political influence in India seems to be to National Christian leaders; Dr. S. G. Ziegler, diminishing. Many Indians are criticising the of the United Brethren Mission Board, strongly methods that he has employed. Some are trying advocated seeking to recapture for the Church the to gain results by working for majorities in the vision of the lost condition of the 800,000,000 or conventions. It is evident that the "Self-respect more still unevangelized, whose supreme need is Movement" in the middle classes, has gained for Christ and His salvation. God offers to do for markedly in extent and influence. It is mixed man that man cannot do for himself. Dr. John with Bolshevistic aims and works openly against R. Mott, who has recently returned from South religion. Such circles are openly hostile to Indian and Central Africa and is about to revisit the Far nationalism as it finds expression in Gandhi. East, gave one full evening to the subject of the Wherever he appears they wave the black flags need for further union and cooperation among which are their symbol, in protest against him.

the followers and forces of Christ. Gandhi is also compelled to face the opposition of One of the stirring features of the conference the orthodox- Hindu circles. Many Brahmins are was the personal appeal to the mission boards by enraged because he is fighting for the admission a group of Hartford Seminary students-of varied talents and church affiliations-who are asking to of the "untouchables" to the temples. be sent as a unit to some mission field for pioneer work, without guaranteed salaries, to bear witness All this points to the fact that the Indians can not be helped by mere political agitation. They need the Gospel of Christ, which alone can create • We expect to publish this address in our March number. a new beginning.-Leipzig Mission Report.

CHINESE PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS-LIVING GRADUATES OF CANTON MISSION

A Century of Medical Work in China* By J. OSCAR THOMSON, M.D., Canton Hospital, Canton, China T HE Centennial of the founding of the Canton The Canton Hospital, although it has had to Hospital in 1835 has a peculiar interest for close its doors on three occasions, has survived me. My father was in charge of the hospital many stirring events: Wars and sieges of Canton at the fiftieth anniversary in 1885, the year of my in 1840, 1856, and 1884; the T'ai P'ing rebellion; birth, and wrote a history of the hospital and of the Boxer outbreak of 1900; the Revolution of the Medical Missionary Society in China. At the 1911; the frequent contests of the warlords since. anniversary he read a letter from Dr. Peter and the political typhoon of 1926-28. Our insti- Parker, the founder of the institution and the tution has helped to produce, directly or indirectly, originator of modern medical missions, who many of the constructive movements in the modwrote: ernization of China. It has been an important factor in opening the doors of China. The fourth of November, 1835, was the date of my opening the Ophthalmic Hospital in Canton. To the adorable When we consider the conditions that existed in Saviour Jesus Christ be given the praise and gratitude of China, that walled in nation, in the early nineall the millions who, by the instrumentality of medical teenth century, we have the greatest admiration missionaries in the past, present and future, shall have for the courage and wisdom of the pioneers. Wells become acquainted with His unspeakable and divine char- Williams wrote: acter.

The chairman of the fiftieth anniversary meet- Owing to the increased hostility of the Chinese authoriing, the British Consul General Sir Challoner Ala- ties, the mission at Canton was now more than ever baster, remarked that because of the greatness of cramped and confined in its operations and perplexed bethe object and the importance of the work, others yond measure. The arrival of Dr. Peter Parker from New would be commemorating the one hundredth an- York in 1834 had added to the force an enthusiastic misniversary fifty years hence. sionary of exceptional vigor and ability who by his med- ical training was able to introduce a new factor that has • Substance of an address given at the Medical Missionary Dinner, performed a service of the highest importance between New York, December 14, 1934. Chinese and foreigners by removing their mutual mis- understandings. This was the establishment at Canton [ 55 ]

of a dispensary and hospital for the free treatment of organization which has a Council on Medical Mis- Chinese. sions of which the Chinese president of the Asso- Not only did Parker render a great service in ciation is a member, and which has a Section on "opening up China by his lancet" to missionary Medical Missions at the biennial conferences. work, but he also created in America and Europe What a fine culmination to the work of Parker, much interest in medical missions while the hos- Kerr and other noble men and women who had a pital was closed in 1840 owing to the war. superb vision and a Divine Leader.

The organization of the Medical Missionary So- The hospital compound at Kuk Fau in the centre ciety in China in 1838 is an indication of the eager of Canton, facing the Pearl River, and on the acceptance by the Chinese of the benefits of mod- most important street of the city of Rams, is a ern medicine, surgery in particular, and the in- great medical and missionary centre. It is a terest in medical missions on the part of all classes splendid viewing stand for momentous events.

of foreigners in China, merchants and officials, The daily exodus on the passage boats to all parts as well as missionaries. It was a splendid example of the delta takes place at the hospital gate. De- of a cooperative effort on a wide scale, that is feated and conquering armies pass the front door.

needed again today. It was international, Amer- The "Dare to Dies," wearing union suits of under- ican, British, and Chinese cooperating. It was wear as a uniform, carrying baskets of bombs, interdenominational, Congregationalists, Presby- passed by. Processions of all kinds, political, terians, Wesleyans, Episcopalians, Baptists, Quak- anti-foreign, anti-gambling, anti-opium, colorful ers and other denominations working harmoni- weddings and funerals are seen. Frequent clashes ously together. It was the first organization defi- of armies near or around the compound, with nitely to combine the alleviation of human suffer- rushes of noncombatants up the hospital lane to ing and the extension of Christianity. Its pros- escape the flying bullets. One campaign across pectus envisioned the spreading of scientific medi- the river lasted for a week, the hospital being in cine and Christianity throughout China-medical the centre of the fighting zone, and gunboats par- education, specialization in hospital work and ticipating, at a time when it was impossible to medical research, to benefit mutually the Orient evacuate the patients. Sun Yat-sen's gunboats and Occident. passed repeatedly up and down the river firing on Following the retirement of Dr. Peter Parker the soldiers on the Bund. Wounded from both and the burning of the hospital building which sides were in the hospital simultaneously. We Howqua, the Chinese senior Hong merchant had witnessed the massacre of the defeated· on one provided, Dr. John G. Kerr, a graduate of Jeffer- occasion; the assasination of high officials; fires son Medical College, reestablished the Pok Tsai -eight hundred houses burned on the north bank Hospital ("Hospital of Universal Benevolence") of the river, coming close to the hospital, when at the present site. For forty-four years he did a change of wind blew the sparks across the river great and enduring work. He built up a large and destroyed two hundred dwellings there. An- hospital. He wrote and translated many medical other fire extended for half a mile along the Bund, textbooks, the wood blocks of which were still at in front of the hospital, with a south wind blow- the hospital when I arrived twenty-five years ago. ing the sparks over the premises, and setting fire More than a hundred Chinese physicians were to wharves and passage boats which were left trained during his term of service. They became stranded by the ebb tide. The exploding ammuni- pillars of the church and highly respected leaders tion of the anti-pirate guards prevented the ap- of the medical profession. proach of the firefighters. Then there was the My father was intimate with Dr. Kerr and had great flood of 1915, aggravated by the floating great affection for him. One of the most impor- burning oil. Wrecks and drownings in the river tant events of that period was the organization of' are numerous.

the China Medical Missionary Association in 1887, The Revolution of 1911 introduced a new era of which Dr. Kerr was the first president. This for China, with modern medicine firmly estab- has been an important factor in the building up lished. Changes of government, attended by civil of modern medicine in China. The final and most and feudal wars have followed. Our institution convincing proof of the worth and status of med- has served as a base hospital, receiving the cream ical missions in China was the amalgamation in of the wounded (from a professional viewpoint) 1932 of the China Medical Association and the those with retained bullets or shell fragments or National Medical Association to form the Chinese with wounds of the head, chest or abdomen. The Medical Association, a wonderful example of maintenance of discipline has been an important union between a missionary and a national or- task requiring, for instance, the prevention of a ganization, "a fine instance of friendly interna- revolver fight amongst the bodyguard of a dying tionalism in -science." This is a national medical colonel over the regimental treasure chest. More

A CENTURY OF MEDICAL WORK IN CHiNA

than one hundred serious cases :kave been brought of Dr. Sun's dissatisfaction with conditions exist- to the hospital at one time, requiring the use of ing in China and his new ideas and thoughts were six operating tables. After the institution was developed while in the Canton Hospital and from full to the doors, wounded soldiers with retained there spread throughout China. On the occasion missiles have been brought from military hos- of the 80th anniversary in 1915, the President of pitals to have the foreign bodies removed and China, Lei Yuan Hung, sent a congratulatory tele- were then carried back. Seven pounds weight of gram and a gift of five thousand dollars. At the bullets were removed from wounded soldiers and eighty-fifth anniversary (1920), President Hsu civilians in one year,. Amongst the gunshot Shi Chang wrote a commendatory letter and do- wounds were many unusual cases such as the nated one thousand dollars. To commemorate the Yunnanese officer who was shot through the brain ninetieth anniversary, in appreciation of its serv- one year, and through the heart the next – and ices and to allow for its extension, the Govern- survived. One man, with twenty-six shrapnel ment of China, through the Mayor of Canton, Mr.

bullets distributed throughout his anatomy, Sun Fo, son of Dr. Sun, made a grant to the hos- wanted the removal of those not located in dan- pital of a splendid tract of land chosen by us.

gerous situations! When raising the twelve thousand graves which Gunshot wounds, tumors and vesical calculi are were on the land, some said to be four thousand common conditions. In Guy's Hospital, London, years old, we were reminded of Ezekiel's vision of and at Yale are paintings of many of Parker's the valley of dry bones, accompanied as it was by massive tumor cases; tumors with pedicles, caus- the rejuvenation then taking place in China.

ing neither pain nor disability are stock in trade Had Dr. Sun Yat-sen lived, it is probable that for beggars who are fortunate enough to possess China would have been spared the political ty- them. One man was reluctant to lose his fourteen- phoon in 1926 and 1927, with its communistic, pound parotid tumor of the neck because it served labor, anti-foreign, hypernationalistic and anti- as a comfortable pillow! Ten different "Chung Christian agitation. The events of those years Yees" in turn had guaranteed to cure a man with were varied and interesting. After a blockade of cervical lymphosarcoma. We had to treat him as the hospital for three days by the order of the a charity case and pay his way home after we had communistic labor leaders, because we declined to alleviated his pain by ligating his common carotid surrender the right to control the hospital em- artery. An infant, two days old, fell into a nat- ployees, we closed down the institution and dis- ural sleep while a teratoma, larger than its head, persed the staff and patients. At a conference was removed under local anesthesia, and went with the noncommunistic officials, who did all they home cured. More than four thousand operations could to help us, the editor of the Government's for the removal of vesical calculi have been per- English newspaper said, "Don't give in. You are formed in the Canton Hospital, some of the pa- in the right." Later he printed in full our version tients coming from long distances. A Chinese of the affair written at his request. ·When the living in Baltimore entered the Johns Hopkins storm had blown over we were thanked by Chinese Hospital with a large hernia. When told that he leaders for having resisted the impossible de- required an operation he returned to China to mands of the labor agitators and thus exposing have it done at Poktsai. their ignorance and intolerance. In the records Chinese Appreciation of the chief Russian communist, found after their expUlsion, was the statement, "The Canton Hos- At the seventy-fifth anniversary of the hospi- pital affair was badly managed."

tal's foundation, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, then President It was obvious that a movement which could of China, was present, lauded the work of the in- temporarily wreck such an institution as the Can- stitution where he had commenced the study of ton Hospital, the first benevolent institution in medicine while my father was in charge, and gave China, was artificially inspired, abnormal, un- a donation. Some years later on another visit to healthy and would not be permanent. The three the hospital to see the wounded, we took him to periods, before, during and after the chaotic years the operating room where we were about to com- of 1926 and 1927 were epochal, as different as mence work on the wounded. As we exposed the those prior to, during and following the French seat of injury of the first patient, Dr. Sun as- revolution. An official told me that were it not sumed from its location that the soldier had been for the mission schools and hospitals, little educa- wounded in the back whilst in rapid retreat from tional or medical work would have been done in the battlefield. He grunted, "Shot in the back," China during the past two decades. He also dep- and declined to examine any oether patients. Lay- recated the too rapid devolution of such institu- ing the cornerstone of our new building some tions as tending to lower standards.

months ago the Mayor of Canton said that much At the present time China is definitely discard-

ing its ancient ideas, traditions and customs, as The next meeting of the Chinese Medical Asso- indicated by the "New Life" and similar move- ciation, which is to be held in Canton in the first ments, and is seeking to find a self-respecting week of November, 1935, to commemorate the place in this modern age. The Government was centenary of the introduction of modern medicine anxious to have the Canton Hospital reopened, into China, will take place in the new Canton Hos- but it seemed wise to await the return of more pital building. It is essential that the Mission stable conditions and to avail ourselves of the op- Boards with medical work in China be well repre- portunity to reorganize and plan for another cen- sented in order that wise and coordinate plans tury of work if necessary. The deserted hospital may be prepared for ano~her century of work, if compound resembled a tropical jungle or a buried necessary.

city. It was possible to carry out plans that had We do not talk of "devolution" in Canton, but been maturing for some years. The Canton Hos- of cooperation, with gradually increasing Chinese pital was transferred to Lingnan University, control. The Occident and the Orient, the older which has a strong Chinese Christian Board of and the newer churches, are sharing in a common Directors with foreign representation. President task of establishing the Kingdom of Heaven on Chung told me recently that his chief concern is earth. The Canton Hospital still supplies many that the university shall maintain a strong Chris- converts to the church, many cured and happy patian influence, which he considers to be the chief, tients open doors to the Gospel and form centres if not the only reason for its continued existence. for evangelization. A few days before I left on He also remarked that buildings can be secured furlough a missionary lady visited the hospital and from Chinese sources, but that the needed for- said, "We have an enthusiastic new convert in our eign personnel and its maintenance must be sought church. She says you took away her thyroid from abroad. Some of the Chinese faculty mem- gland without her knowing it or having any pain; bers are the salt of the earth. The brother of a and while in the hospital she heard the Gospel." laundryman in America is one of the best. He is a Ph.D. of an American University and sang What are some of the results of the work? with the Glee Club. Most important of all are changed lives. The Liu family serves as an example. The father, Dr. Liu The next step was to arrange for the affiliation Tak Shaang, was a graduate of our medical school of the Hackett Medical School for Women (Amer- and served on the staff. Later he became college ican Presbyterian Board) to Lingrian University physician at the Canton Christian College (now and Canton Hospital, and to make it coeduca- known as Lingnan University). With the help tional. At the home of the Mayor of Canton, a of the college faculty, Mrs. Liu, after the death of Chinese lady, head of a large government scl,lOol her husband, continued the education of her famand of a hospital, told a "Medical Fact Finder" of ily, all of whom are college graduates. President the Laymen's Commission that the graduates of Hackett are abler, more dependable and have a Chung highly recommends her as a teacher of much finer spirit of service than those of govern- home economics! One daughter is a director of ment medical schools. The Pok Tsai and Yau Lingnan University and in charge of an impor- Tsai medical centres give postgraduate training tant school. She was overheard saying to Mr.

to interns and thus provide the outlying mission Sun Fo, also a Lingnan director, after a meeting hospitals with physicians. of the Board: "My students never had the objec- A new building is now being erected at the Can- tion to the study of the Bible that they have to the ton Hospital, most of the funds for which have compulsory study of your father's (Dr. Sun Yat- come from Chinese sources. In planning the new sen's) textbook, the San Man Chue Yee." A son, building there were many factors to be taken into a graduate of Cornell, is an expert in sericulture consideration: It must be a modern scientific and rural reconstruction and is doing splendid teaching hospital under Christian auspices, in the work for the government and for Lingnan Uni- tropics, with long, hot and humid summers and versity. Another daughter is the energetic and short, humid, cold winters; with the possibility efficient head of the Mission Union Normal School of foreign aggression, international wars, civil and in Canton; a sister is in charge of a large school feudal strife; blockades, strikes, and boycotts; in Macao which, though a Protestant institution, typhoons, fires, floods, and white ants, noise, dirt has the cordial support of the Portuguese Govern- and smoke. It must be an institution that would ment. A y6unger sister is our very attractive have the approval of the twenty or more organiza- young social service director. An interesting case tions-religious, mission and professional-that that she reconstructed was a young beggar woman have an oversight over the work of our staff mem- with a large abdominal tumor that had been grow- bers, also of the Chinese Government and its de- ing for nine years, the supporting factor for her partment of health, and finally of the many com- husband and son. When in desperate condition missions that tour the Orient! she lay down at the hospital gate to die, penniless.

IDOLS FALLING IN CHINA

We admitted her, improved her general condition Association medical missions have become an inand removed the tumor. Well-to-do patients in tegral and permanent part of the medical system the hospital became interested in her and contrib- of China. Where the pioneers had first to attack, uted to her future support. The husband, hearing then later to lead, now as partners, representaof this, tried to get the money, and being refused, tives of the older and younger churches share in was so unpleasant to her that she attempted to the task of reconstruction and harvesting. commit suicide. We frightened the man away, and the woman recovered. Miss Liu taught her fancy Observing several wooden idols floating down sewing and found her a place, ·first in the home the river we asked a passerby the reason. He reof the Moderator of the Church of Christ in China, plied, "We have no use for idols in this enlightin order to test her honesty. A new use for a ened age." Is Christianity or materialism to premoderator! Then she got work for her elsewhere. vail in China? The Moderator of the Church of The former beggar is now a strong, handsome, Christ in China, Rev. Y. S. T'aam, has written, independent, self-respecting woman, supporting "This comes at just the time when there are unherself and her son, and interested in hearing of surpassed opportunities open to the Christian the Great Physician. Church. The Gospel preaching is eagerly listened to." Dr. Stanley Jones, when in Canton, said: There are many other such families. On our "This situation constitutes the greatest evanhospital staff are a number of second and third gelistic opportunity in the world." generation Christians, and individuals whose ancestors served in it. Thoroughly qualified Chinese What is our object? We are earnestly looking graduates of foreign universities are now serving forward to the time when such institution~ as the on the staffs of our mission hospitals, as heads of Hospital of Universal Benevolence will no longer departments and taking their turn leading morn- be needed; to the time when "God shall wipe away ing chapel. A Christian medical profession is be- all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no ing perpetuated and through the Chinese Medical more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain."

Idols Falling in China -Ell By REV. JAMES P. LEYNSE, Peiping, China I Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. s. A.

I N THOUSANDS of homes in China the idols bership. I have had the privilege of baptizing are falling down. Change has come like a this year men and women, old and young, stu- shock. Ideas and standards have been shuffled dents and illiterate, all changed into new beings in striking fashion. The old religions are totter- by the grace of Jesus Christ and all having dising ruins. The temples are vacated. The control carded idol worship. Members of families were of the older generation has slipped away. The baptized together. Fathers with their grown-up youth is in the lead and seeking new ways. As a sons, mothers with their daughters, side by side result evangelism is experiencing a golden age of with single individuals, first ones of families to opportunities. Everywhere around us a clarion cross the barrier. For instance, Mr. Chang and call for service is sounded. What will take the his grown-up son, who testified that before their place of the idols? Communism or Christianity? conversion they were "like blind men ascending a mountain to view the landscape." And Mrs. Chia No Depres.sion in the Peiping Churches and her daughter, who confessed that "the eyes of their hearts were dead" to spiritual issues until There is a forward movement in the Peiping they met Jesus. Also the mechanic Li and his churches. Weare seeking to win more Christians wife and three children, a splendid volunteer and more faithful ones and the congregations join worker, who works hard so that his children may hands with us in striving to reach our section of be educated and his wife attend a Bible school for this great city. Our churches are putting the em- volunteer leaders. phasis unquestionably upon the spiritual, and therefore there is activity instead of depression. In China it is always exceedingly difficult for The church attendance is growing steadily and members of families to make an individual decismany new converts have been added to the mem- ion to break away from idol worship. But various

candidates for baptism have done so, like Mrs. to cheat the gods," but who now worships in spirit Ho, who as she stated had been "for 45 years a and truth Jesus Christ; or like Mrs. Li and Mrs.

vegetarian to please the Buddha with the Long Kao, who have rented two rooms at the most pop- Eyebrows" and who for years every morning and ular market place for a little Gospel Hall; or Mr.

evening "knelt once, bowed thrice and offered in- Kung, a former opium slave, now a prince in the cense and candles for 30 Buddhistic scriptures to Lord; and Mr. Fu, a business man and pillar of find the way of life." Now she has become a liv- one of our churches; and many others like them.

ing member of the Church of Christ, and an ar- There are also among them those with too much dent Bible reader. It is hard to realize how much unbridled enthusiasm like Sung the fifth who, it cost in sacrifice of self to become a single lamp after his conversion, went home to testify. He in a dark place like Mrs. Hu Li and many others. preached on the streets in his home town, made After her heart was reached she buried her idols, a deep impression, but took the idol of the Buddha but when truly converted she dug them up and with the 1,000 arms and eyes out of the temple burned them. She was the new believer who had and chased the priests away. He was caught by the story of her conversion printed and sent to all the police, beaten till unconscious and put in her relatives and friends with the signature: prison. As a member of a gospel team he is still "Formerly Hu Li, now Mrs. Born-Again." needing our constant guidance. It was also neces- Lighted Pagodas sary to guide wisely the trio consisting of a dyer of blue cloth, a coal shop owner, and a hatter.

All our three city churches are self-supporting, They memorized whole parts of the Bible and went self-governing, and largely self-propagating. The out preaching all over North China carrying neither purse nor scrip and refusing all support. forming of a number of volunteer evangelistic They had many conversions but they gave up their bands has been one of our most fruitful achieve- business, let their wives and children suffer, and ments. Spiritually, our volunteer leaders have came back to our church stranded and lacking in had much capital to invest and their profits are maintenance. therefore large. Bands are preaching in court yards, homes, factories and shops. They are The Hall of Happiness illuminating the neighborhood like lighted pago- Electrically lighted gospel posters on the doors das. As a member testified, they are greatly en- and walls make our two city gospel halls attraccouraged to see that "the Lord responds to man tive places where large crowds gather. There we as quickly as shadow to form or echo to voice." face five evenings a week the five types of Chinese Bible classes, various training classes of two society: weeks' duration, revival meetings, prayer meetings, cottage meetings, systematic home visitation, The scholars, feeling superior to the lower weeks of gate-to-gate preaching, report evenings, order of beings; classes of mass education, and other activities keep the lamps burning and make our large num- The farmers, in town to sell their products, ber of gospel teams a valuable asset in our aim to amazed by a civilization producing loudspeakwin the Chinese by the Chinese. Mr. Sun, of our ers and radios; church, this year bought a small printing press and prints all the tracts used by these volunteer The mechanics, who build and proclaim that bands at cost price. A shopkeeper keeps a bundle next to food, shelter is the only necessity of of tracts in his counter for free distribution. A life; seller of millet puts a tract in each package. Church-member Chao bought tracts and evan-~ The tradesmen weary of a day full of bartering in trying to squeeze the last penny; and The soldiers whose business in China often seems to be to consume what others produce.

gelistic literature worth two months of his salary But also, modestly sitting in a corner, there are and a nurse of our hospital gave 10 % of her in- the women, with dignified old faces or keen young come to the tract fund. ones, countenances with souls behind them, calm, The Chinese we come in contact with outside serene and composed, purged of egotism by living our churches are no longer worshiping idols at the in crowded quarters, the real leaders behind the temples. They are in the grip of a spiritual family thrones. Large colored posters, Biblical hunger. After the storm of change there are lantern slides in Chinese setting, music, singing, pears to gather. Shall Bolshevism reap them? and popular illustrated talks penetrate their The claim to the harvest of China is open to any walled-in hearts new to spiritual issues.

claimant. Our volunteer leaders are taking their Outside the meetings we reach the hitherto un- place. They are of all kinds: like Miss Wang, reached through Bible classes for men and- women, the teacher, who confessed that she used to "spend English night school for business boys and girls, many good coppers to buy sham silver with which day school for poor children, mass educational

classes, clubs for women and girls, and special the electrician, who persuaded his whole family, meetings for children, women, and parents. The including an old mother of 75 years, to throw gospel halls are also the entrance halls to our away their idols.. On Sunday he leads his family churches, a field for clinical experience and self- to the church and almost every evening he stands expression for our volunteer lay-leaders. There at the door of one of the gospel halls welcoming they receive their practical training in soul-win- the people with tracts bought with his own money. ning work. Always a group of them is present to testify, act as ushers, doorkeepers, and distrib- This year these services changed also the opium utor.s of enquirers' cards. After the preaching den of Mr. and Mrs. Chao into a little gospel hall. there is the gathering of enquirers in a side room. For years they had been opium smokers. They Personal things are there semi-publicly discussed, were fairly well-to-do but poor in spirit. It took privacy is rarely sought after and so one, once months of daily care before they found salvation. showing genuine concern about his soul life, has But once reached by Christ they were able to from the very beginning the support of a group break the opium habit without any medical assistof our leaders. ance. Their opium den became a neighborhood house where they preach and live the Gospel to- The work in the gospel halls reveals plainly that gether with Mrs. Chang "the woman with the the Chinese of today are, practically speaking, black soul." She came in contact with Christ at without a religion, without their many gods. They our weekly meetings at the Peiping prison. For are open to leadership, asking for anything that years she had sold opium to the coolie classes and promises to uplift, welcoming any idealism. "I injected morphine Into ricksha boys. Taken to am seeking for something worth while to live for" prison she found there salvation at one of our is a crying need often heard at these after-meet- meetings and has become an ardent and capable ings. These are the days to spread the Gospel in personal worker in one of our street halls. China. The results of this year's work in the gospel halls has been distinctly seen in the grow- The idols are falling and something will have to ing attendance at our churches. Mr. Hsia, a take their place. Russia has already hundreds of young student, who after his conversion kept on Chinese students working as volunteer agents in repeating: "I do not know how to describe my all parts of the country. Humanism of a nonexperience. Everything in and around me is so theistic tendency is already a potent force in the changed, even the leaves of the trees seem changed hearts of many a Chinese youth. If Christ Jesus to a new shade of green." He is an ardent mem- is to be the Saviour of the individual and the reber of a gospel team, disowned by his father, poor generator of present living conditions the Church in earthly goods for Christ's sake, but rich in of Christ in all lands must face the challenge and spirit, winning many young people. And Mr. Kao, spread the Glad Tidings to those who have not yet heard.

OLD CHINESE RELIGIONS LOSING GROUND By DR. FRANCIS CHO-MIN WEI, President of Chunghua College, a Protestant Episcopal Institution, Wuchang, Central China Dr. Wei, who is now in America, recently addressed the students at Yale University, New Haven, on "The Changing China and Christianity." He said: China has to choose what kind of nation she is to be. She is at the cross-roads. Her choosing within our generation will determine her destiny for the next century. And the world cannot be indifferent to her decision. China's most difficult problem is not political. In spite of the startling headlines occasionally 'found in newspapers in America, China is approaching national unification under able leadership. Her problem is not even economic. With peace and order restored, economic development is only a question of time. The West has ready lessons to teach us in this respect, and we are learning.

The problem of the gravest concern to one who looks seriously into the future of China is whether the spiritual forces in the country are sufficiently strong to direct and mold her political and economic development during the next thirty years. The popular religion which used to sway the masses is losing its grip. Taoism and Buddhism have no message for modern China. Confucianism is too closely tied up with the political and social institutions of the past to maintain its hold upon the people under a new economic order. But there is much in its outlook on life, in its ethical ideology, that may still be revitalized. Its conception of the individual as a social being in a network of relationships, each offering a chance for development, its emphasis on the duties of man rather than his rights, what he owes to others in his station of life rather than what he can claim for himself, its tremendous faith in the capacity of man for development and for living together, and its conviction that the universe is a moral order wherein man finds a place for moral lifeall these can be revitalized. But this can only be if Christianity brings to China and her masses the gospel that God is the Father of all men, that He desires them to live together as brothers, and that Jesus of Nazareth shows the way in which that kind of life can be lived.

Years' Growth in

By CLIFFORD M. DRURY, Ph.D., Moscow, Idaho A RECENT issue of the Bulletin of the Na- tians to take up the work dropped by their for- tional Christian Council of China (May eign comrades. More was accomplished under 25, 1934) carries the following statistics the urgent necessities of the time toward turning which reveal a very healthy growth of the Prot- over responsibility to the Chinese Christians tnan estant Christian Church in China during the nine would ordinarily have been accomplished in a years covered by the statistics: ,. decade or more. The persecutions endured by the 1923 1932 native C h r i s t.i an s purified the church and Foreign Missionaries (138 societies) .. 7,663 6,150 strengthened them in the faith. The foreigners Resident stations ………………. . 1,149 1,130 could flee but the native Christians were obliged Ordained Chinese clergy (124 societies) 1,696 1,86"5 Communicant (full) members ……. . 402,539 488,53g to stay and meet the opposition. :Now we are be- Under religious instruction ………. . 292,857 239,655 ginning to see the results of those turbulent years These statistics show an increase in the number -the Christian Church has grown! of ordained Chinese Protestant clergy of 169 and an increase of 86,000 communicants. There is a There was a great spiritual awakening for the decrease of 1,513 foreign missionaries; of 19 Christians in China following the Boxer uprising. resident stations; and of 53,202 of those under The Protestant Church doubled its membership religious instruction. On the whole the report is from 1900 to 1906. By 1907, the communicants very encouraging. The nine years covered have numbered 178,261. By 1923, this number had been some of the most troublesome for Christian been more than doubled again.' As the church missionary work. grew in numbers the ratio of increase decreased. Now during these nine years under review, the In 1926, five missionaries, Roman Catholic as well as Protestant, gave their lives to the cause church grew 21 %. of Christ. Others were taken captive by bandits. Communistic propaganda, with its anti-Christian A very significant development in the foreign teachings, was exceedingly strong in some sec- mission personnel in China is the increase of the tions.. The nationalistic spirit, with its anti-for- number of Americans as compared to the number eign tendencies, was equally strong in other sec- of Britishers. In 1907, there were 1,727 British tions. In both cases the Christian cause was missionaries to 1,304 American. The percentage under suspicion and criticism. was then forty-five to thirty-five, the balance be- ing made up of missionaries from other lands. Just before the Nanking tragedy of March, By 1922, only 18% of the Protestant missionaries 1927, the Protestant missionaries reached the peak of their numerical strength. At that time were British, while 51 % came from the United 8,200 were reported. When Nanking was taken States.

From 1858 to 1914 the ratio of foreign workers to native converts remained at about one to fifty.

by the southern troops, representatives of five na- After 1914 this ratio was changed. The with- tionalities were killed, including one Protestant drawal of missionaries following the Nanking in- missionary and two Roman Catholics. This trag- cident has now brought this ratio to one mission- edy hastened the withdrawal of all foreigners ary for every eighty communicants.

from all parts of the interior. By the summer of The Protestant work is strongest in the mari- 1927, 60 % of the 8,200 missionaries who were in time provinces because it was here that they first China before the Nanking affair, were out of got started, due to the rights to dwell in cert'ain China. Most of these returned to their home- treaty ports. In 1922, seven out of every ten l~nds. From three to five hundred were trans- communicants resided in these provinces, and ferred temporarily to mission stations in Korea, most of these lived in or near the treaty ports Japan, Siam, etc. About 3,000 remained in China, themselves.

many of whom found refuge in such coast cities The outlook for the growth of the Christian as Shanghai. Only about 500 remained in the in- Church is promising for the church is wen terior at their work. This wholesale evacuation equipped with native leadership. The old feeling was on the orders and advice of the consular and that the Christian religion was a "foreign" reli- diplomatic officials who were fearful of compli- gion is dying down. The one great purpose of the cations arising out of the Nanking incident. missionary is to put himself out of business by so One beneficial result of this wholesale evacua- developing the native work as to make the for- tion was the necessity of the Chinese native Chris- eign worker unnecessary.

[62 ]

J. R. SATHE (AT LEFT) AND CONVERTS FROM SETTLEMENT AT

A Robber's Church in India -4§f By H. R. COVENTRY, Baramati, Poona District, India J!t– Missionary of the Australian Churches of Christ Mission, 1916- DOWN the ages strange and varied persons proud Kaikadi who may lead an armed band of have composed the Church which is the highway robbers. These and many more types body of Christ. From the day when the are to be found scattered about this sub-continent dying thief on Calvary was granted pardon and with its 352,000,000 people. The villagers fear Joseph of Arimathea used his newly hewn tomb them and therefore shelter and protect them when for the body of Jesus, the criminal, as well as the the police are hot in pursuit. City dwellers have highly respected, has been attracted to Christ. A had occasion to know of their presence, and travrobber's church is an anomaly but a Christian elers by road or train have been their normal prey. fellowship may contain reformed robbers, vessels These are professional thieves, whose only trade made over into redeemed souls fit for the Master's is robbery. They are proud of their forbears and use. have schooled their children in stories of their A peculiar situation exists in India where large caste heroes. They glory in one who even stole groups or castes of people are hereditary crim- from the Police Superintendent's bungalow or had inals. They are to be found in all the provinces, taken clothes and jewels from the Governor's rail- both among those professing Hinduism and Islam. way train! The form of crime committed by.each They belong to various strata of society, from the caste is decreed by their patron god or goddess. outcaste gypsy to the proud caste man. Their "We are a divine scourge," declared one proud rascality varies from the cringing, petty thief tribesman,"ordained to relieve the avaricious and who steals small articles from the bazaar to the the rich of their unmerited riches. Without us [63 ]

what would you judges do." Those of us who to the American Marathi Mission of the American have been educated in nominally Christian coun- Board. Later the settlement at Hubli was en- tries, know something of the righteous commands trusted to the Society for the Propagation of the of God cannot easily understand the mentality of Gospel, and in 1920 the settlement at Baramati, people who lack any ethical sense such as under- conducted by the Australian Churches of Christ, lies the sixth commandment. was recognized by the Government of Bombay.

What remedies can instil into these tribes the A few years ago the Depressed Class Mission principles of common honesty? Fear of the police undertook the control of the Belgaum settlement and prison does not reform although it may nold and last year, the Servants of India Society joined crime in check. Some agency is needed to reform the ranks by taking over Jalgaon Settlement in the adults and to drag them out of the pit into Khandesh. Many settlements are still under di- which their fathers had fallen. Children must be rect Government control.

given a chance to know some ot~er type of life. Efforts are made to instil into the minds of the The solution of this problem has been attempted youth of these castes right principles of living.

by the establishment of settlements all oyer. India. Education is compulsory for all children up to For the past twenty-five years the Bombay thirteen years of age. Night schools continue the Presidency has intrusted this reformatory work work backed up by Scouting and Guiding, lectures to a Revenue officer for whom a special depart- on temperance and other topics. Trades are ment has been created, first known as the Crim- taught to enable boys to secure better positions, inal Tribes Settlement Department. More recently to wean them from crime, and to prepare them its scope has been enlarged and it is now called to live rightly.

the Backward Class Department. Many of the The Government gives voluntary agencies a free men of these tribes would have been in prison hand in their religious work for the task is after had it not been for these settlements. Not only is all spiritual. We fight against powers of dark- the criminal brought to a settlement, but his wife ness. Sin and evil are rampant. Immorality is or wives and children also. He is given a small often a part of their religious creed and custom plot of land, sometimes a cash advance, and is so that it is difficult to convince such a person of told to build a house of mud bricks and a grass sin.

roof. Settlements are usually located in open Sound religious education naturally finds a spaces outside of towns and a high barbed wire prominent place in Christian activities, but the fence is the only barrier to freedom. In some conscience clause is observed. Any settler object- places even that is absent. They are placed upon ing to Christian teaching may be transferred to a their honor and are told that good behavior frlr Government settlement and attendance at reli- six years will earn them release from the settle- gious classes is voluntary. In the Sholapur set- ment. Another six years on probation makes tlement a pastor and some Bible women are em- them free men once more. Much of the routine ployed in evangelistic work, assisted by the vol- work of the trained staff in each settlement is con- untary service of many Christian members of the nected with the finding of suitable employment staff. With over 4,000 people in the settlement for settlers. They are released during the day- and free colonies there is scope for all their efforts.

light hours to work within a radius of five miles. Fear is the religion of many settlers – fear of The second duty of the staff is to see that all are horrid goblins that fill the night with terrors; fear in the settlement at night. of the evil eye; fear of disease; fear of death.

After a few years of work, the Government de- There is no knowledge of the loving heavenly Fa- cided that if suitable private agencies would vol- ther for the love of God and love for fellowmen unteer to supervise the settlements they might be are new ideas that sink in very slowly.

handed over to them. "A voluntary agency is Since 1917 the Gospel of Christ has been con- actuated by a spirit of zeal and earnestness and stantly preached among the settlers at Sholapur.

by an undoubted religious fervor that cannot be· The usual policy has been to wait until a man has expected in a government department. Its per- been released to a free colony before he is bap- sonnel would not be subject to constant change as tized. This prevents any from asking baptism is the case of a government agency and would from unworthy motives. Character is the only therefore be able to keep in very close association thing that counts towards release from the settle- with the criminal tribes and work up a connection, ment. There have not been a large number of that would be a very great factor for success in converts through the years but the number is their regeneration." growing and they have continued to grow in grace.

In some provinces much of this work has been It has been an uphill road all the way.

undertaken by the Salvation Army. In 1917 the For many years one of the lady workers in the .growing settlement at Sholapur was handed over settlement, Miss E. C. Hoxie, has dreamed of a

A ROBBER'S CHURCH IN INDIA

suitable building where these souls won out of tain many former criminals who are now teachdarkness can worship the true God. She talked ing Sunday school classes, holding office in the of this plan while on furlough and she prayed church, preaching the Gospel! fervently. Some American friends gave money in memory of the Rev. L. H. Gates who lived and The work has not been easy. Social and family boycott have usually resulted from conversion. To have one's own bread thrown to one by an enraged wife, and to be told not to enter one's own door has been the experience of many. Their employ- ers, usually Hindu, have not been sympathetic and have insisted on Sunday work with loss of em- ployment as an alternative. They are not rice Christians. The missions are not feeding them, THE SHOLAPUR SETTLEMENT CHURCH worked long in Sholapur and altogether about – …… $5,000 were contributed. The settlement school children also brought their coppers and gifts in ~~ _.<", …: – "-I _P ~~ " … kind, to help in the building of God's House. The women's sewing class and the other converts took a .. – """.' ,. . . . . . . '"yo ,.. keen interest in the matter and the Christian staff gave a portion of their tithe for the building. A INTERIOR OF THE SHOLAPUR SETTLEMENT CHURCH Bombay architect submitted plans for a house of worship especially designed for India, to cost and many have gone hungry rather than deny Rs 16,000 (about $5,000), and the building was Christ. Carpenters, tailors, masons, clerks, teachopened on February 5, 1933. It is capable of seat- ers, are among the converts. One young man has ing 350 on the floor. taken a Bible School Training course and is now preaching the Gospel to his former caste people At the dedication service the writer was privi- and to the villagers around. These twice-born leged to conduct the first communion service in the men have become new creatures and are living new building and a goodly group of converts was new lives in Jesus Christ. present. At first this building was used only as the settlement chapel, and it has satisfied our spirit of reverence and our desire for quiet and beauty for worship. Plans for the recognition of this group as a church under the United Church of Northern India were consummated on September 10, 1933. The foundation members of the new church number 50, half of them being former criminals. J. R. Sathe, who had worked for many years among these people, was installed as pastor. It was the realization of a dream. The following Sunday fifteen more members were received into fellowship. These ex-criminals and their grownup children exhibit anew the power of the Gospel. Broken earthenware made over by Christ Jesus. Caste and fear are dethroned and Christ is enthroned in their lives. Those dug from a pit, centuries deep, are now rejoicing in free salvation.

The churches at Baramati and Hubli also con-

THE MARQUIS OF LOTHIAN ON THE CHRISTIAN COLLEGES OF INDIA Lord Lothian is a member of the Parliamentary Select Committee to submit to the British Parliament the draft of India's new Constitution. He is a former Undersecretary for India and was Chairman of the Indian Franchise Commission. As Sir Philip Kerr, he was the Pri- vate Secretary to Mr. Lloyd George when Prime Minister. Lord Lothian recently visited the United States in the interests of the Rhodes Trust of which he is the Secretary. He is a great friend of the India Christian colleges, on whose behalf he has been recently very active in Great Britain. At a luncheon in New York, in the interest of Christian colleges in India, the Marquis of Lothian said: .

"In this situation (Le., of internal disunity in India); is there any force comparable to that which can be exercised by the Indian Christian colleges for bridging these interior gulfs and for producing the kind of leader who can lead India toward both unity and freedom in the terrific experiment which is being launched today?

"When I studied the positions occupied by the gradu~tes of the India:Christian colleges in India today, I said, these rejuvenated colleges may be the (me saving factor in the situation.

I believe that in the first responsible ministry in the Province of Madras an the Indian min- isters were products of the Madras Christian College. The total number of students in these Christian colleges is about 14,000. Of that number about 2,000 are Christian, while the majority of students are Moslem or Hindu. The standing of the Christian colleges is high among the Hindus and Moslems because they are able to give the kind of education to their children that they want. There is something about the Christian spirit which they want and which they do not find in the government institutions.

"The central characteristic of modern education in India, as elsewhere, is that it breaks down the ancient religious loyalties and the ancient moral and social customs. Large numbers of the young generation are dr=ifting without any moral foundation for their lives. One of the main reasons why these Hindu: and Moslem parents send their children to Christian colleges is because they feel that some moral foundation is given them that they do not get elsewhere.

"The spirit of Christ shining through tllOse institutions can transform much of young India, and so produce leaders who are immune to or who can surmount the communal feeling, and the appeal to noncooperation and violence, and so act as political cement and give heal- ing wisdom in the difficult days that lie ahead.

"The work that c'an be done by the Indian Christian colleges is not only of value to India but of supreme value to the world. If the Indian experiment fails, if cooperation between Great Britain and India, during the next ten or fifteen difficult years, breaks down, whether through the inability of the BritiS'li"to move fast enough, to put themselves into the shoes of another nation, or whether through the inability of India to settle down to the practical work- ing of the constitution-the result will be further chaos for the world. We cannot afford to see another great section of the human race going into the sort of revolutionary disorder we have witnessed during the last twelve or fifteen years in many parts of the world.

"I feel very deeply that the Indian Christian colleges have an immensely important work to do. They are specially important in the case of women. There has been no more remark- able recent event in India than the development of the women's movement. I can without hesitation say that some of our most active, persistent, and competent witnesses were Indian women. The Christian colleges are training a large proportion of women students in India.

"The Lindsay Commission report gives a new and inspiring picture of the function of missionary education in India. It seeks to bring the students into much greater and closer touch with the real life of India, especially village life. It sets out to strengthen not only the technical equipment but the religious and Christian spirit in the colleges themselves. The Indian Christian colleges are not only doing a work for India, but even more for the whole of humanity."

and Encouragements at

As Seen by Home Mission Executives THE following are interesting answers to two questions sent to home mission executives to obtain their views as to the situation at the beginning of the New Year. The questions were as follows: 1. As you see it, what are some special present-day problems that we face in the Home Mission enterprise? Such problems may relate to finance, changes in policy, difficulties in the field or in the home church.

2. What are some of the encouragements that you note in the home church and in the field?

Such encouragements may relate to improvement in finances, to increase in interest in the home church, to the attitude of the young people, or they may appear in reports from the field as to the progress and outlook. EDITOR.

PRESENT PROBLEMS IN HOME MISSIONS too great. The principal condition required for cooperation is understanding. This will go far to E. GRAHAM WILSON prevent waste and duplication, will correct mis- Executive Secretary, Board of National Missions, takes already made and insure united effort when Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. needed. Most of the religious bodies have agreed The home missionary work in America is fac- to this in theory but when an attempt is made to ing today some serious problems. Among them apply it to normal rather than exceptional situa- are the following: tions, strain is produced. How to obtain effectual 1. The incomes of all Home Mission Boards cooperation is the outstanding problem and is es- have been drastically reduced. This has necessi- sential for "comity." tated the cutting of salaries in many cases below 2. The great multitude of the unchurched prethe subsistence level. Appropriations for schools sent a challenge to the churches. There are large and hospitals have been reduced to a point where groups of foreign-speaking folk who have lost it has not been possible to maintain standards their affection for the church of their fathers and which should prevail. Repairs on Board-owned are wandering unshepherded and without any re- property have necessarily been neglected. l'igious connections. For instance, the evangelical 2. Practically no new work has been opened up bodies, as a rule, have ignored their obligation to during the past few years. The financial condi- share their knowledge and experience with Christ tion has made it impossible to respond to the many with the Jewish people. Industrial workers often urgent calls for service, some of which have a have a deep longing to help make this a better strategic bearing on the future of the whole home world but they have no appreciation of that more missionary task. abundant Life which Jesus Christ promised-not 3. Much remains to be done in the field of com- the abundant life of the economist but the larger Life of the Spirit. Even though we do not all ity. While something has been accomplished, in agree on the means to be used, the duty of min- some sections of the country there is still over- istering to these and other groups is so manifest lapp.ingt·of churPches and. cobm·petitiond bebtwte·en tdhe- that our neglect is a rebuke. n~mma IOns. rogre~s IS. ell~g m~ e, u.m e 3. The desperate conditions in rural areas in mmds of some ~enommatIOnahsm IS more Impor- 'America is reflected in the life of the rural tant than the Kmgdom of God. churches. Their pastors . are facing a terrific FRANK A. SMITH strain in their personal problems and. in their ministry. Two great needs are: first.· a leader- Secretary of Missions in the United States," American Baptist ship that has sufficient support to give the men a Home Mission Society sense of permanence, and second, vision andjn- spiration for the larger parish and for the smaner 1. The magnitude of the home mission problem calls for the united efforts of all Protestant forces. fields. This is one of our major responsibilities. While the differences in doctrine and practice 4. The Home Mission enterprise is affected on must be recognized, the situation demands a every side by social conditions that cannot be united home mission strategy. No church or de- ignored and to which the missionary forces' must nomination is equal to the task singlehanded, and bring a solution. The changing social order can the entire resources of Protestantism are none never accomplish its goal without Christ. In all [ 67]

social problems the basic requirement is spir- 2. Private and public relief, correcting unemitual, for progress that is simply material cannot ployment and lost morale, economic and social malendure. A demonstration of Christian living is adjustments, with their consequent liabilities, deneeded, an exhibit of Christian relations among mand a new appraisal of this phase of our modmen. The church must speak out in matters of ern home missionary task and a clear understandhuman welfare because social justice can never be ing of its relationship to government, state and established by law of man but by the law of God. local relief agencies, in order to increase efficiency as well as to avoid duplication of effort and waste E. D. KOHLSTEDT of resources in an imperative realm of religious responsibility. Executive Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, Methodist Episcopal Church 3. Racial relationship issues in the United States, more acute than elsewhere, challenge The Christian's constant concern is the totality home missionary service, particularly among of individual and collective life. United States American Negroes who, despite a heritage of history is replete with illustration of enriching servitude and unj ustifiable economic and personal services rendered by preachers and missionaries, discriminations, have recorded the' most amazing pioneers of progress and creators of national chapter in the history of racial progress. The ideals. Today functional frontiers, in underprivi- crime of lynching human beings is a form of lawleged and complex areas of life, confront the lessness that still stains the American Flag, sym- Church of Christ with an intensive task that must bol of democratic freedom and fair play. mean an active, cooperative interest in the current economic and social as well as in the purely per- Dr. Edwin Lewis, of Drew University, mentions sonal issues that determine human and national the following incentive to cultivate a genuine paswelfare. sion for sacrificial service to these and other de- veloping life situations that now challenge the An unwholesome industrial and social system Church of Christ: that breeds economic inequities, ignores unjust racial discriminations, tolerates city slum and If Christ could have His way with men, there would be dumping ground residential areas, barters with no industrial oppression, no hopeless little children, no beer barons and liquor lords for the privilege of cheerless old age, no grinding poverty, no fattening of the physical and moral debauchery, winks at salacious few on the toil of the many, no racial hatreds, no armaliterature and indecent film portraitures of the ments, no false standards of judgment as between man worst features of life, cheapens itself by iniquitous and man. Only as the race can make progress in this divorce laws, cannot escape the concern of an direction can there be any hope of the future, and such aroused Christian conscience. Unj ustifiable ex- progress depends entirely upon whether or not the foltremes between poverty and plenty, starvation and lowers of Jesus Christ are willing to leave the eternal fate surfeit, are an anomoly that has no rightful place of their souls in their Lord's hands while they devote themin the scheme of professedly Christian common- selves to making his spirit operative in the world of today. wealth. Modern Home Missions must be concerned with areas of life that challenge the JAMES S. KITTELL resources of a living faith, vitalized by an experimental knowledge of realities in the realm of re- Secretary, Board of Domestic Missions, Reformed Church ligion. in America The work of modern home missionaries in new 1. A financial survey reveals certain weakareas of activity is more impersonal and intricate, nesses as to invested funds. There should be a but not less romantic, urgent or significant to the more careful watch set on mortgages as to the welfare of this nation, than that of our pioneer real estate, not only its value but also as to its preachers. Among the causes that now challenge future. There should be regular renewals with the mental and material resources of American amortization insisted upon, a careful search of Home Missions are: court and tax records, especially to watch liens against the properties which have proved very 1. Distinctive social situations, different from embarrassing of late. Bonds and stocks should early American community life. To make the be passed upon by experts and changes made to Gospel of Jesus Christ a reality to polyglot city increase income and security each year. centers; to cement our Americanization process with the concept of universal brotherhood; to en- Budgets should be made on the basis of a threesure an adequate religious ministry to changing year income avoiding sudden expansion during mountain, rural and urban communities; and to one prosperous _year. A program of expansion cultivate a cooperative Christian ministry to man- should cover a number of years, with the most kind, regardless of traditions and prejudices, is a important points kept at the top and taken up task that requires heroic service. only as finances warrant after a due considera- tion of the future carrying charges. No new work should be undertaken because of the de- mands of ecclesiastical organizations, but only in

PROBLEMS AND ENCOURAGEMENTS AT HOME

harmony with sound judgment. The depression tofore. We are not merely camping until some- has proved that the Lord does not take care of thing better comes along; we are here for busi- presumptuous programs of expansion. ness as long as the Lord wants us here."

2. The field today offers many opportunities The Home Mission boards are facing many which should be considered. There is also the serious problems, but they are determined to rise opportunity for reorganization of the field, espe- up and enter the promised land of opportunity cially in the light of changing rural and city con- and service for Christ who is the nation's only ditions. There should be a wise insistence on hope.

mergers and refusal to carryon a work because FRANK A. SMITH of sentiment only. Through the Home Missions 1. There is ground for encouragement in the Council there is a growing cooperation in the general feeling that the reconstruction of life to- matter of unreached fields and classes, which day, both for the individual and for society, needs promises a more effective work over a wider area. all available spiritual resources, and that the 3. As to missionary personnel we must give Church, as one of the fundamental institutions heed to the training of men gifted for and de- concerned, is making a valuable contribution. The sirous of doing special kinds of work. In the splendid service of our home missionaries who past too many have entered the work with only have assumed burdens far beyond what should general ministerial or educational qualifications. rightfully be required and who have labored cheer- There is need for special insight into and desire fully amid discouragement, furnish one of the to do a particular type of work. All our mission- most splendid chapters in church history.

ary schools should be kept to the simplest kind of 2. The growth of the spirit of cooperation is work, with no large budgets and no showy fadist increasing the love and confidence of different de- departments for advertising purposes, such as nominations in each other. The study of the fields handicraft. by home mission leaders, where different denom- SOME ENCOURAGEMENTS inations are at work, has revealed a statesman- ship and purpose to avoid useless and hurtful E. GRAHAM WILSON competition and serious duplications. This atti- There are elements in the Home Mission situa- tude promises a new day in Home Missions. The tion which give ground for encouragement as we number of projects in which various churches pool their resources is increasingly large. The face the new year. 1. The receipts of most Home Mission Boards development will be slow, too slow to suit the are slightly in excess of last year. We believe we more ardent and critical, but it is so firmly estabhave touched bottom in the matter of decrease in li~b.ed that it will have increasing recognition. financial support. While the increase has been 3. The Home Mission enterprise is of such magsmall, there are some substantial increases in the nitude that no single Christian body is equal to giving of churches and individuals. One board it and our combined resources are not commenreports the largest single legacy in its history. surate with the opportunity. Present social, eco- 2. There is increased evidence that the Prot- nomic, and religious conditions demand a redisestant Church believes in the importance and . tribution of resources, workers, and fields, for value of the home missionary enterprise. Not the need of the hour will not be met by each one only is it conscious of the fact that the present seeking to do his best irrespective of others but church is the result of the home missionary work by recognition of the fact that we are workers toof the past, but it also realizes that unless there gether with each other and workers together with is a missionary program in America today there God. will be no Church of tomorrow. The many under- JAMES S. KITIELL privileged peoples of America appeal to our sym- One has to look closely to discern encourage- pathy and arouse us to a realization that for them ments in Home Mission work today but we are not also Christ died. without them.

3. The courage and devotion of our home mis- 1. The depression has brought the work closer sionaries in these difficult days is a great inspira- to the individual church and has led to a keener tion and a source of encouragement. Salaries of sense of responsibility for the work. The next practically all have been drastically cut; responsi- few years should see the pressing of the fact that bilities have been increased; missionaries have the whole enterprise is based on the church.

oftentimes been asked to make "bricks without 2. There is one change in the situation that we straw," but they have carried on without com- must heed in these times and that is the growing plaint. As one wrote to his board : "We are go- tendency of the Federal Government to take over ing to stay on the job even ,if the board should all relief, to establish old age pensions, unemploy- take away all the allowance they have given here- ment insurance, etc. It seems that the money for

this work will be secured from inheritance taxes. velopment of particular fields. Comity will see to This probably means the diminishing of legacies it that there is no overlapping. "Fewer pieces of as well as the directing of generous minded peo- work, and better," will be the ideal. Such fields ple to material relief as over against the spiritual will be built as are our schools and colleges, on a needs of men. broad and permanent base, with a program as wide as the community and as deep as human ERNEST M. HALLIDAY need. They will be controlled as much as pos- General Secretary, Extension Boards of the Congregational and sible by their several constituencies and will aim Christian Churches; PreSidetlt, Home Missions Council at hearty participation and financial support by The Home Mission situation is big with prom- everybody concerned. The boards have no easy ise. It thrills with the spirit of adventure. money to pass out for half-hearted service to Changes are upon us. The old wells of personal moribund churches, but they have funds with commitment and devotion to duty must be redug which to support enterprises which are vital, for- in all our churches. That is an inspiring task for ward-looking and constructive.

the Home Mission Boards. New ways of preach- It may well be, as was recently suggested by a ing, teaching and applying the Gospel are just distinguished and experienced denominational ahead. A generation of young people is ready for leader, that the consolidated school in rural sec- education in self-expression, social outlook, and tions is pointing the way to the consolidated practical helpfulness. Older folk are at a point church. Instead of sending our missionaries where they have time and inclination to be led on around to little groups in separate churches, why explorations into broad, new fields of culture. should we not send the school buses out on Sun- 1. Cooperative planning within the denomina- days to bring the people in – whole families of tionsand between them is eliminating lost motion them- to a well-equipped and manned central and unnecessary expense. This has a good start church plant, worthy to rank with the central but it still has far to go. Specialized training of rural school? Is not the work of the church as home missionaries deserves emphasis. None but important as that of the school?

the strongest should be chosen. It takes as big a 3. Finances? Yes, they offer a problem hard man, perhaps bigger, to do an effective job in an to handle. Income is 41.7% lower than it was in isolated, lonely parish as in a staunch old church 1929. But the downward curve is leveling itself where the general set of the current is in the di- out. It may even start upward after awhile. The rection of religion. He needs to be rugged in main problem is so to readjust our activities that physique, warm of heart, sturdy in mind, deep they will be thoroughly effective in this new day.

and true of soul. Such men, trained for sel1vice If we can do that, financial support will follow.

and ready to serve, will find opportunity in the home missions of tomorrow. Ten Obstacles to Modern Missions The line of development may be envisioned Dr. Julius Richter, Professor-Emeritus of missions in something like this. First of all will come positiye Berlin University, gives ten difficulties which world-wide cooperation between the· various Mission Boards. missions face to-day: By working together at a common task, the field 1. The financial depression which compels a curtailment of each will be broadened, and fraternal appre- of work.

ciation intensified. Why, for example, should not 2. Loss of prestige to Christianity due to brutalities all our boards come to look to the interdenomina- of the World War. tional bureau of architecture of the Home Missions Council for architectural service? Why 3. Un-Christian and anti-Christian science and tech- nique, the fruits of which are sought by non-Christian peoples.

should not Alaska be regarded as a geographical 4. Competition between Roman Catholic and Protestant unit and organized under a cooperative set-up missions as in the Congo. which all could have a part in supporting? Why 5. New advance of Islam—especially in Africa. should we not work together in what we do for 6. Bolshevistic atheistic communism. Indians and Spanish-speaking folk and immi- 7. Nationalism, especially its "anti-foreign" phase. 8. Increasing restrictions placed upon missionary edu- grants as we now do for farm and cannery mi- cation by non-Christian governments. grants? Why may we not jointly employ special- 9. Immoral lives of many representatives of white rulists in city and rural work who, divorced from administrative responsibilities, will serve all the ing classes at home and abroad. 10. Institutionalism, which absorbs so many people amt so much money and often hampers aggressive evangelism.

boards as expert counsellors? Why should not A mission study program might be built effectively all missionary organizations join forces in the around these points. Were any of them characteristic of first-century missions? Which are a rebuke to our lives, support of "preaching missions" for all the . our methods, our wrong zeal, our improper standards of churches? judgment? What is the true goal of missions?-The Mos- 2. There will be intensified denominational de- lem WO'rld.

Among Italians in

By REV. A. DI DOMENICA, Philadelphia Pastor 01 the Italian Baptist 'Church W HEN Paul wrote his Epistle to the Jewish- a metamorphosis: instead of being the means of Christians of Rome, speaking in general Christianizing the heathens she became heathen- terms of the gentiles as "being filled with ized! Before his "conversion" the Emperor of all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, cov- Rome had been the Pontifex Maximus of the etousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, heathen religion; when he accepted Christianity debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers, backbiters, that title was retained, but under the mask of the haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, in- Christian religion!

ventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, When Constantine removed his seat to Byzan- without understanding, cov- thium and the bishop of Rome enant breakers, without natural was left behind, the Church be- affection, implacable, unmerci- The pre sen t condition gan to lose sight of the altar for ful" (Romans 1: 29-31), he among the four and one half the throne, and the cross for purposely or incidentally al- million Italians in the United the sword! As the Church luded to the moral and spiritual States is described by one of began to a c qui r e political condition of the Italian people their own number as being strength, she lost spiritual as they were chief among the Hmoral and religious chaos." power. In proportion that she gentiles of the world. How- Nominally most of them are enriched herself in secular and ever, when these Italians ac- Catholics; in reality they material things, she impover- cepted Christianity, they be- are materialists. There is, ished herself in spiritual attaincame the light of the world, de- however, a Hsaving remnant" ments. This was illustrated by fying persecution and death for composed of some 25,000 Savonarola w hen he said: the sake of their Master. The aerveanggaethliecraeld iCnh2r4is0tiParnosteswtahnot "There was a time when the churches. The Spirit of God Colosseum in Rome and the is moving in this Hchaos" and Church had wooden cups and catacombs are living monu- golden clergy; but now she has ments of their faith and Chris- is bringing l)ew spiritual life golden cups and woo den tian fortitude. clergy." The same thing was and activity. There is reason observed by Thomas of Aquinas The Christians of Rome were to thank God and take cour~ examples of holiness in the time age, but the solution presents when one day the Pope, who of the sojourn of Paul in Rome. a challenge to the Church of was boasting of the wealth of Writing to the Philippians he Christ in America. the Church, said: "Thomas, speaks of them in high terms: the Church cannot say now: "All the saints salute you, 'silver and gold have I none!' "

chiefly they that are of Cresar's household" (Phi- Aquinas retorted: "Neither can she say: 'Arise lippians 4: 22) . and walk.''' Aquinas knew that the Church had This characteristic which signalized in such a lost her spiritual fiber because of her earthly am- conspicious way the faith of the Christians of bitions.

Rome was handed down from one generation to In proportion as the Church adopted heathen another until the time of Constantine when the practices and beliefs, the Italians became less and Christian religion became a State Religion. We less Christian in their religious thinking and life.

all know the change that took place in the Church They have absolutely no sense of the tragedy of of Jesus Christ from that time on. If in the past sin and the impelling necessity of the new birth the Church had insisted on the new birth as con- as the foundation for a genuine Christian experi- dition for membership, now it begins to receive ence. They have no conception of this funda- into its bosom unregenerated persons. The State mental principle of the Christian religion. It is even compelled soldiers to accept baptism without true that the same catastrophic situation is being conversion and in course of time the Church experienced even among the so-called Christians adopted many heathen practices to satisfy the of Protestant faith and heritage, yet it is more taste of the newcomers. The Church experienced evident among Roman Catholics.

[71 ]

Since the Roman Church adopted so many and when he found little response on the part of heathen doctrines and practices, the religion of the Roman clergy and people, he said: "The the Italians centered itself in outward formalities; Christian conscience is more than half destroyed, devoid of spiritual value. When one goes to Italy and it is only through divine mercy that any por- or visits Italian communities in our large cities in tion remains."

America, and sees the various celebrations in When the Italians immigrated to America they honor of Italian patron saints and madonnas he carried with them their religious heritage mixed is apt erroneously to consider the Italians very de- with superstition, irreligion, indifference and a vout and religious. Christian conscience "more than half destroyed."

When Paul visited Athens "his spirit was On top of this we must add another painful situa- stirred in him when he saw the city wholly given tion little apprehended by our American friends.

to idolatry" (Acts 17: 16), and he did not hesitate Italians did not leave the old world for religious to tell his hearers at Mars' Hill that they were motives as did the Pilgrim fathers. The sons of "extremely religious" with a religion that satis- Italy crossed the ocean for purely economic rea- fied the priests but not the burning soul of Paul. sons and in years gone by we have heard them The same thing can be seen today in Italy and in say: "We did not come to America to bother about Italian communities in America. religion; we came here to make money. When we The Rev. Dr. J. H. Eager, for a number of years go back to Italy, then we'll go to church."

a Baptist missionary in Italy, in his book "Roman- While the Italian immigrants came to America ism in Its Home," quotes Prof. Raffaele Mariano, with the intention of going back to Italy as soon of the University of Naples, who in an address on as their economic situation would warrant it, they "Religious Thought in Italy" said: became attached to American life and decided to establish themselves here permanently. Their With the sacraments reduced to mechanical acts, with marvelous advance in the social, educational and purgatory and pecuniary offerings to free from it, with economic life has astonished every observer and festivals, indulgences, jubilees, pilgrimages, relics, mir- student of the New Americans. But they have acles, adoration of saints and madonnas, Romanism has inoculated in the Christian religion the forms of magical and idolatrous naturalism…… And the worst of all is not been immune from the influence of atheistic that Romanism makes the sacerdotal hierarchy the only propaganda. Agitators are found everywhere and indispensable mediator of the religious and moral life. from the Atlantic to the Pacific, sowing tares of The atonement, repentance, absolution of sin, the efficacy doubts and unbelief among the people of the of the Christ and His benefit, everything centers itself in a monopoly of the hierarchy. From all this we must con- middle class. If this propaganda has not made clude that Romanism is the very opposite of that duty many full-fledged atheists, it has succeeded in which distinguishes the human soul…… This religion may have had its days of glory and usefulness, but it has causing many to drift farther and farther away now become a pure formalism. It has no power over the from any religious influence.

morals of the people; it does not attract or educate or With a background such as Prof. Mariano, edify the masses, but simply holds them under its sway by Father Curci and many others have described, and force of habit, by inert traditionalism, and its ultimate adding to it the condition of the American life as result can only be ignorant credulity in the midst of we have endeavored to portray, the religious life ignorant incredulity. of the Italians in America is far worse than that And yet we must not be too severe on this miserable re- ligious conscience of the Italian people, for when did the of their brethren in Italy. In the midst of this leading classes take the trouble of illuminating and rais- crude reality which describes in contradictory ing it up? It pains me to have to confess it: the religious terms the irreligiosity of the Italians, their supercondition of the upper classes in Italy is much more trou- stition, idolatry and semi-atheism, they would inbled than that of the common people. With a few honor- variably call themselves Roman Catholics should able exceptions, they present to us a large army of minds whose existence is a perpetual moral somnolence; unable they be asked about their religious affiliation. to believe, they have not enough moral strength to dis-·- believe anything seriously. They are Catholics for social When you talk to them about the doctrines of the convenience and opportunism. They boast that they have Roman Church such as the auricular confession, minds strong and free; but whilst they attack religion, purgatory, indulgences, mass, litanies, etc., they they send their children to Jesuit schools. They have no say: "I don't believe in these things, but I was convictions, and laugh at everything; but you see them born a Catholic and I shall die a Catholic …… I on every occasion ordering masses and priestly funerals. don't care to attend the church and support it They desire the priest, but in the solemn moments of life financially, but -I am a Catholic, and I am proud . they throw themselves, body and soul, into the arms of the of it." clergy….. .

Prof. Mariano was not a Protestant, but as a Prof. Archibald McClure, of the University of student and observer of the religious life of the Chicago, in his book "Leadership of the New Italians he was honest enough to say the truth. America," says: Father Curci, a great scholar, had a great de- The startling assertion has been frequently made this sire to translate and publish the New Testament, past winter that 90 per cent of the Italians are without

CONDITIONS AMONG ITALIANS IN AMERICA

the sway of the Roman Catholic Church. Though they priest as being parasite, gnawing worm, bag of coal, selmay still go to church to be baptized, married and buried, fish, and author and bearer of misfortunes . . . this is their sole connection with it. Even this is a matter of social custom rather than conviction. A leading Italian All that is being said by the people in Italy against the priest in New York admitted that at least 50 per cent of hated priest, their most foolish accusations, their most the Italians were without the church, except for baptism, infamous malignity, are repeated in America by the Italmarriage and burial-and that although some 3,000 at- ian people. Very often they salute the priest when he is tended Sunday services in his church on the lower East in front of them, but to his back they say uncomplimen- Side, there were as many more in that neighborhood who tary things against him . . . While we see the Amerdid not do so. . . . .. A father of a very prominent Italian icans, both Protestant and Catholic, respecting their lawyer of New Jersey has been here forty-two years and priests and devoted to their churches, the Italians speak never been in the church; another Italian notary public disparagingly of their priests, saying: "Let them go to in West Virginia, though here fourteen years, never goes work" . . . "I don't intend to support them" . . . "They to the church-just two instances of religious indifference repeat the same thing." . . . . "I . . . go to church?" which might be multipled by the hundreds and the thou- Hence we see that not even five per cent of the Italians sands." attend church.

One Sunday morning I preached on "The Re- This statement is by an Italian priest who ligious Indifference of Galio," one of the twelve knows the religious condition of his people. The Italians mentioned in the New Testament (Acts religious condition of the Italian Catholics in 18: 12-17). I deplored the religious indifference America has not changed for the better during the of our modern Italians who generally go to church past twelve years. The situation of the second on three occasions of their life: christening, mar- and third generations is very perplexing and of riage and burial. At the close of the service a great concern to those who are interested in their young man approached me and said: "Pastor, I welfare. These American-born seem to have given want to thank you for your sermon but I don't up the good traits which their parents imported agree with you when you said that the Italians from Italy, and to have retained the bad ones, go to church on three occasions in their life. In and on the top of this they have absorbed the fact, when they are christened and buried, they worst customs of the American life. The combiare carried there; so they go only once by their nation is not an easy matter with which to deal. own free-wilL" May God inspire and lead us in handling this disturbing situation. Speaking with an intelligent Italian business man on religious matters, and learning that he Now if this is the picture of the religious status did not believe· in the most important doctrines of the Italians in America, what are we going to of Catholicism and did not support his Church in do about it? Shall we imitate the priest and the any way, I pointed out to him that he could not levite of the parable and "pass by on the other be a good Catholic if he rejected practically all si~' or shall we follow the example of the Good her doctrines and dogmas. He answered: Samaritan who proved to be a real neighbor?

"Reverend, when you go to a banquet you don't It is to be regretted that in America there is a eat everything they put before you, but you sim- tendency on the part of some people who say that ply take what you like. So I do with my religious Protestant has no right to disturb the faith of food." "My dear man," I replied, "judging from these Italians and to try to convert them. But what you said you believe, it seems to me, that do they have any real faith to be disturbed? Their you don't take any food at all from your Catholic own priests acknowledge that they have none. banquet; if you don't change cook and dining The objections come from "broad minded" minroom you will soon be starving to death!" isters who have influenced not a few of our Prot- estant pulpits, men who believe that all religions He laughed and said: "Well, what's the differ- are of equal moral value. If all roads lead to ence; religion to me is a secondary matter. I Rome, all roads do not lead to Heaven. There never bother about it. I am a Catholic …… and was no compromise on the part of Jesus Christ this is enough for me." concerning the way of salvation. He did not hesi- tate to disturb the Jews and to tell them they The Rev. P. Pambianco, a priest of an Italian must be converted. Catholic Church of Philadelphia, published an article in L'Opinione, a daily Italian paper of the If Protestantism has no mission in the world same city, on July 20, 1922, in which he says: today then the Reformation of the 16th century was a colossal mistake. But if Protestantism has Our colonies have no consideration for the Italian Cath- a work to do, let us not hesitate to disturb the olic clergy. They still have ferocious prejudices against faith of the Italians and with renewed faith, in the clergy as though the priests were one of the causes Jesus Christ, and with enthusiasm and consecrafor the propaganda which is being waged against the tion let us go forward in preaching the Gospel to Italians who are looked down upon in America . . . the people "who recently came from Italy" (Acts The Italian people have been influenced against the clergy 18: 2). by the well known ring-leaders who have instilled in the people's mind the most foolish prejudices, hatreds, scorns, sarcasms and defamations. Hence utterances against the

Success of Missionary

By ELLSWORTH HUNTINGTON, _.•<tff{ New Haven, Connecticut Department of Social Sciences, Yale University TAKEN as a whole, missionary children ap- in "making themselves useful and valuable mem- pear to be of unusually high character and to bers of society" and in thus becoming "men whose achieve unusual success. This fact was for- achievements render the world a better place in cibly brought out by Dr. Robert E. Speer in an which to live." The method at Harvard was more address at the annual meeting of the American personal, but otherwise was essentially the same.

Eugenics Society in May, 1934. In that address The number of missionaries was small (six at Dr. Speer emphasized the value of the fine train- Yale and two at Harvard), but it is worth noting ing received by missionary children. Another that all of these eight were ranked high, and their factor, however, is likewise important, namely average was notably higher than that of graduates their biological inheritance. From birth onward in any other profession. This rating is confirmed no two individuals are absolutely alike in either by other facts. Dr. Speer, for example, states appearance, intellect, or temperament. "Identi- that thirty-six missionaries from the Presbyterian cal" twins, springing from a single egg, are al- Board alone have been decorated by foreign gov- most exactly alike until diverse environments ernments. Who's Who in America for 1926-27 cause them to differ, but other pairs of brothers contains forty-seven sketches of missionaries and and sisters, even ordinary twins, differ greatly about twenty-seven times as many of clergymen physically, and the mental differences are even who are not missionaries. This means that, in more noticeable. Innumerable experiments make proportion to their numbers, the missionaries are it clear that no known method of training can con- fully as likely to be included in Who's Who as are vert a congenital moron into a genius. On the the clergymen who stay at home. This is in spite other hand, a person born with a fine intellect can of the fact that the missionaries are buried far be trained in many directions. Environment hiay away in foreign countries where there is little turn him into a skillful criminal or a spiritual opportunity for their deeds to become widely leader; but in either role he will excel because of known among Americans. Hence it appears that inborn ability. The unusual success of missionary missionaries as a whole achieve a much higher children apparently is due to the fact that they degree of what is commonly called success than possess unusual innate ability, and therefore can do the clergymen who stay at home.

profit from excellent training. Turning now to the children of missionaries, the But what evidence have we as to the success of three Yale classes studied included six sons of missionary children? In contradiction to the old missionaries, all of whom are engaged in non- sayings as to the black sheep among ministers' missionary professions. These, as well as the sons and deacon's daughters, Dr. Speer has col- actual missionaries, were ranked phenomenally lected many forceful opinions which indicate very high by their classmates, averaging well above the high ability, character and success. While there sons of graduates in any other profession.

is not much statistical evidence to uphold this In another investigation the college careers of favorable opinion, such evidence as we have indi- Yale classes graduating from 1922 to 1926 were cates that missionaries are as a rule highly suc- examined. The members of these classes were cessful and that their children follow in their ranked according to their official records as to steps. A few years ago, Dr. John C. Phillips and scholarship, athletic activity, other extra-cur- the writer cooperated in a study of the success of ricular activities, and earnings. The eighteen college graduates and the relation of success to young men who -were sons of missionaries out- the size of families. He took three classes at ranked the sons of every other profession. Un- Harvard who had been out of college 25 or 30 fortunately it is impossible to pick out all the chil- years, and I took three similar classes at Yale. dren of missionaries in "Who's Who," but some In the case of the Yale graduates, from five to can be identified and the number of sons of mis- nine men in each class graded their classmates on sionaries appears to be out of all proportion to the a scale of one to five according to their success actual number of missionaries. For example, [74 ] among the seventy-one missionaries listed in the sionaries, as in no other profession, the same rig- 1932-33 edition of "Who's Who," at least thirteen, orous selective processes apply to both fathers and including all three of the missionary women in mothers. Selection on both sides of the family the book, are children of missionaries. But among seems to be one of the great secrets of the success missionary children it is not probable that more of missionaries' children. than one in ten or twenty return to the foreign All this means not only that the missionary child field. Even if one in ten go back, missionary chil- is very carefully trained, but that the biological dren are nearly twice as likely to be included in material to which the training is applied is of "Who's Who" as are the children of clergymen in high quality. One member of the great J. P. Morgeneral. Further exact data on this subject are gan banking firm, for example, is the son of a greatly needed, but enough has been said to show missionary, while many others are in equally inthat wherever we have yet been able to test the fluential positions. It is natural for religious matter, the children of missionaries on an average leaders and educators to believe that training is show unusual ability and achieve notable success. the main reason for high character and success.

Let us consider now the reasons for this suc- The world has long believed that if children could cess. Undoubtedly one is the good training which be properly trained in every respect, many of our the children of missionaries receive in their early troubles would end. It seems to be scientifically years. Another and equally important reason is demonstrable, however, that unless we have able that such children are usually endowed with a fine leaders no such training is possible, and the rank biological inheritance. Their parents are selected and file will not make progress. It seems equally very rigorously. The Builders of America, writ- certain that able leaders are born as well as made. ten by Mr. Leon F. Whitney and the present au- Even though our present knowledge of human inthor, calls attention to the fact that the mission- heritance is very imperfect, it is clear that higharies of practically all the more intellectual de- grade parents tend to produce children of high nominations must be well educated, which means grade. In individual cases the children of the that they must have good minds to start with. fine parents may turn out poorly, because every Next they must be deeply religious. Third, they one carries a highly mixed inheritance. Weare must be so altruistic that they are willing to make genuine mongrels because thus far there has been great sacrifices. Fourth, they must have the no satisfactory eugenic program. Nevertheless, pioneering spirit, or the spirit of adventure which repeated investigations demonstrate that if a thoumakes them eager to go to one of the remote parts sand children of high-grade parents are compared of the earth. A fifth type of selection arises from with a thousand children of low-grade parents the the necessity for moral courage, and for the kind forwer type will have a decided advantage. Thereof strength that resists the attractions of life in for'e it is highly desirable that there be relatively America with all its opportunities for fame, large families among missionaries, among whom wealth, and pleasure. The majority of mission- both parents have been chosen through a process aries must be willing to resign themselves to life of strenuous selection. Today among the missionin some lonely corner where no one but God knows aries listed in the 1932-33 edition of "Who's Who," much about their struggles and their successes. the average number of children born in completed Physical as well as moral courage is a sixth qual- families amounts to 3.48 whereas it was 3.71 ten ity which acts as a selective factor. One who is years earlier. The corresponding figures among physically timid, or at least who yields to physical clergymen in America are 3.21 and 3.29, while timidity, rarely goes to a mission field. It takes among all the men in "Who's Who" it was 2.80 the finest kind of courage to proceed quietly with in 1922-23 and among artists only 2.20. The famone's work when a Boxer uprising or the fierce ilies of missionaries have declined appreciably anger of savages endanger one's life. Still an- during the last decade while those of the clergy at other factor in the selection is the fact that only home have changed only a little. Nevertheless, people of good health and sound constitution are the missionary families still remain slightly accepted for the mission field and later ill health larger than the others, and both clergymen and of any member of the family may cause their re- missionaries have more children than are born in turn home. Thus missionaries are selected be- the less altruistic professions. Those who because of intellectual ability, religious earnestness, lieve in the value of religious training, as well as altruism, the spirit of adventure, moral courage, of heredity, see in this a good sign. The world physical courage and good health. But the most has no greater need than that of high-grade chilimportant point of all is that among foreign mis- dren in high-grade homes.

of the Unchurched

By J. CAMPBELL WHITE, LL.D., New York Minister of the Community Center and Training School, West 44th Street United Presbyterian Church p: OFFICIAL resolution, passed at the recent get this truth across to all the children and youth National Convention of the Protestant of the nation by every possible method of ap- Episcopal Church, reads in part: proach? This is the truth and is tremendously "Whereas, millions of unchurched children in worth saying, and as soon as the churches can say this country constitute a major responsibility and it and mean it, a vast change will begin to take an unrivalled missionary opportunity for the place throughout America. Church." It is futile to try to reach all these millions of The resolutions called upon all the bishops, children and youth by anyone method, however clergy and churches "to make every effort to valuable. Doubtless, a genuine awakening of the reach these children through our church schools churches would lead to a great expansion of Sunand other agencies for Christian education." Sim- day school work and to a vast improvement in ilar action was taken by the New York and Kan- its general quality. But many millions of these sas Synods of the United Presbyterian Church and by the United Lutheran Church of America in youth will need to be reached by other methods. their biennial convention. These official actions, One thoughtful man, writing on the subject, says: taken during October of this year, make it clear that there is a real and widespread stirring of "We need practically a new profession created, of conviction on this question of evangelizing the persons who specialize on finding contact with a children and youth of America. The question group of these young people and leading them into was under prayerful discussion as to the need for the knowledge and experience of the truth as it is in Christ." What a chance for a training school for leaders of youth that would be competent to develop such "a new profession" !

a national agency to promote Christian effort For younger children one of the great fields to among unchurched children and youth. be expanded is Bible teaching of public school It is clear that only a powerful, sustained, na- children on released time. In Chattanooga, for tionwide effort can enlist and guide our churches the past twelve years, a committee representing in reaching double the number of children and youth than they are now reaching. No one church all the Protestant churches has selected and emcan solve this problem. It will tax the resources ployed Bible teachers in the public schools. Last of all of our Protestant churches working coop- year 8,758 pupils were taught in 32 different eratively. But by concerted and determined and schools of the city. Their report states that "many divinely guided action on the part of all Christian children have been won to Christ and church memforces it is possible to bring about a radical bership through the Bible classes in the public change in this situation during the next few years. schools. Hundreds of children from homes that Can we not so lay this burden of responsibility are not Christian first learn of Christ in these upon all churches that they shall actually make Christian instruction of youth as general as secu- classes and are led into the Sunday schools." "The lar education? There are thirty-four million chil- children in their Love Offering conducted by the dren of school age (6 to 18) in the United States. Parent-Teachers Association gave $1,243.39 to Only one-half of them are under Christian instruc- the budget, the largest single gift received from tion by either Protestant or Catholic churches. anyone organization." If this can be done in Chattanooga, why can it not be done in 1,000 other cities and towns of America? Millions of children In the meantime, immorality and crime go on might thus be reached with vital Christian inincreasing. Our Attorney General called a con- struction who wf)uld not be reached without this ference on Crime Prevention to meet in Wash- method being used. Have not the Christian ington on December 10th. He says that crime is chu1'ches and Christian parents surrendered ennow costing one billion dollars every month. What tirely too much in failing to provide for biblical can the Christian forces say that is worth saying, education as an essential part of education? An unless it is that Christ alone can cure sin and effective national agency can lead hundreds of crime and that the churches are determined to cities to adopt this plan.

[ 76]

CRITICISMS OF WORK FOR JEWS

The Catholic and Jewish groups in Chattanooga Some constructive ways to help: have been free to provide their own religious instruction for school children electing it, but they 1. Take this need deeply into your heart to pray have never actually supplied it. and work for till the need is actually met. Pray in groups as well as alone. In addition to the above methods, millions of other youth can be reached only by the small group 2. Let your own church leaders and the Intermethod. The right kind of a leader, organizing a denominational Provisional Committee which is club of boys or girls and cultivating them wisely working at this problem know of your interest. for their own development, including the consid- A thousand persons praying and thinking and eration of the deepest problems of life-this plan working together for this object will become irreis probably the chief practical one in the case of sistible. Why not be one of that group? (Please multitudes of youth not reachable by other meth- send your name to the writer at 432 West 44th ods. Almost no youth are beyond reach by this Street, New York City.) method-if the leader is both competent and consecrated. The enlistment and training of an army 3. The strong national agency needed to get of such leaders is a matter of first importance. such a program into operation and carry it for- It is a bigger and more important job than is now ward will require substantial financing. Pray for being done by any university in existence. Who the funds needed and do whatever else you are will provide an adequate training school for pro- moved by the Spirit of God to do to get this parducing reliable guides of youth? Could anything ticular problem solved. conceivable have a larger place in building the new nation and the new world that must be the 4. Tackle where you are the job of reaching desire of all who have been touched by the Spirit unchurched children. If you can get into contact of the Good Shepherd? with even half a dozen of them, it may mean their transformation, to say nothing of what it may mean to you of added joy in living.

Criticisms of Work for Jews By REV. PAUL I. MORENTZ, Philadelphia, Pa. Missionary of the Luthera11 Miss.ion to the I ews • CRITICISM, both by Hebrews and Christians In searching the Scriptures, one cannot find a single trace in regard to what is called "proselytizing" of Judaism being reserved, as it were, for the children of among the Jews, is based on erroneous con- Jacob, or anything that could be construed as being adceptions as to what the Gospel is and what con- verse to bringing other nations within its fold…. It is stitutes Christian mission work among Jews. quite natural that the Jews, while their own lives were threatened by persecution, and when the conversion of a Hebrew Critics Gentile might have brought dire punishment on the whole community, should have refrained from carrying on reli- Who are the Hebrews who criticise Christian gious p~opaganda. Not so, however, in olden times, and mission work among the Jews? Are they Ortho- under cIrcumstances favorable to Jewish missionary activdox Jews who sincerely believe in the Old Testa- ity…. We find at the very beginning of our history the ment Scriptures, in the mission of Israel and in promise given to Abraham that "all the nations of the the coming of the Messiah? earth shall be blessed in thee." His descendants were to be means of spreading this divine blessing among all the In my library is a collection of essays under the nations of the world…. The messages sent by the prophtitle: "The Jewish Library," edited by Rabbi Leo ets, were they not apostolic epistles from those who propa- Jung. Among those essays is one on "The Spread gated the Word of God and the fear of Him to the heathen of Judaism Through the Ages," by the Rev. nations and kings? Haham Moses Gaster, Ph.D., London, England, who says: This much from a very prominent representa- tive of orthodox Jewry. Among the many fallacies affecting the Jews and Judaism, there is none which is so generally accepted and so How about Reformed Judaism which rejects the deeply rooted as that which declares Judaism to be a mere coming of a personal Messiah but which speaks tribal religion, and to have neither the wide outlook nor in most emphatic terms of "the mission of Israel" the ideal expectation of becoming a world religion. . . . (whatever they may mean by that)? In my li- brary is another book called "The Unknown Sanc-

tuary," by Aime Palliere, a French Catholic con- the world for Judaism." (From the Chicago Jew- vert to Judaism, who some years ago toured ish Sentinel of January 23, 1931.) America as a guest lecturer invited by the well- Let Us Carry On known Rabbi Stephen S. Wise. A Foreword to this book, written by Edmond Fleg, a prominent How can we carry on mission work among the representative of Liberal Judaism in France, has Jews? I could not tell you if I would and I would this to say: not tell you if I could. Who am I to tell others how they should win a single soul to Christ, to Reversing the route by which Catholicism had developed say nothing of how to win a nation to Christ? No from primitive Christianity, and primitive Christianity method is right that is not in strict accord with from Judaism, he [Aime Palliere] became step by step the the spirit and teaching of Jesus Christ. Any spiritual contemporary of those great Romans, who, at the method is right that is in strict accord with the time of the coming of Christ, were the proselytes of Israel.

. Almost unconsciously he realized that he had ceased to be spirit of Jesus Christ. My personal method is to a Christian and that he had been conquered by Judaism. seek to educate Jew and Christian. The Christian In this inevitable return journey the new convert seems as must learn what the Jew has and what he does not yet a solitary pilgrim-but this may only seem to be so. have; when we learn that then we must be will- … At last there seems to be a sign that this age-old hope may be realized amid the diverse faiths of the world. ing to give the Jew what he needs – the Gospel, Might not one say that the ancient Messianism of Israel, Jesus himself, and above all, His love. In a counwhich is become the religion of Palliere, is on the way to try like America, where the Gospel has free becoming the religion of humanity? course and where Jews and Christians are in con- Christian Critics stant touch with each other, the Christian should Who are the Christians who criticise mission not leave the work of spreading the Gospel among the Jews to a few converted Jews or professional work among the Jews? Do they accept the Bible, mISSIOnaries. Every church should be a store- Old and New Testament, as the inspired Word of house of Christian knowledge and life for all peo- God? Do they accept Jesus as the Messiah, prom- ple, Jews and Gentiles. Every Christian pastor, ised to Israel and through Israel to the world? indeed every sincere Christian, should be a mis- Do they accept Christianity as a universal reli- sionary to the Jews-not a "proselyter" for his gion that preaches a universal salvation and that particular church or denomination, but a witness answers a universal need? This is the sole basis for Jesus Christ. The Jew must learn that the of mission work among Jews. If the Jew who be- Christian has no other interest except to bring lieves in the Old Testament sees in it a universal Christ to him. Noone wants to force a Jew or mission, is a Christian to see less in his Bible anyone else to be a Christian. No one wants any which has, in addition to Moses and the Prophets, one to give up his race or nationality. No one the New Testament, Jesus and the Apostles? Is wants the Jew to give up anything that is essenthere a single passage in the New Testament that tial to Biblical or national Judaism. All a Chris~ would encourage one to think that the universal tian wants is to enrich the Jew and his religion claim of Christianity excludes the Jew? I heartily by the teachings and life of Jesus Christ, just as recommend to Christians the attitude of men like many thousands of Jews in the past and as many John R. Mott, who is quoted as having said at a thousands of Jews at present are enriched by the meeting of the International Missionary Council: Gospel. When both Jews and Christians learn "Missionary work among the Jews is a duty in that there is no ulterior and unworthy motive spite of all protests." It was refreshing to see back of mission work, that all can only benefit by that when Dr. Mott's remark was termed "ill coming together and contributing to each other, timed" by a Christian (the Rev. Everett R. then criticism will vanish and sincere Jew and Clinchy), a Jewish Rabbi from Chicago, (G. Christian will both be enriched by the Gospel of George Fox), came to Dr. Mott's defense by say- Jesus Christ. ing: "Dr. Mott is simply a good orthodox Chris- tian, who believes with all his might in the words A Missionary's Equipment of his Gospel. And if you turn to Matthew 28: A life yielded to God and controlled by His Spirit.

19-20, you will find what in Christian theology is A restful trust in God for the supply of all needs.

called the 'Great Commission' and which reads: A sympathetic spirit and a willingness to take a lowly 'And Jesus spake: Go ye therefore and teach all place. nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit; teaching Tact in dealing with men and adaptability towards c,ir- cumstances.

Zeal in service and steadfastness in discouragement.

. them to observe whatsoever I have commanded Love for communion with God and for the study of His . you.' . . . I wish we Jews had the faith and the word. loyalty and the zeal of a Dr. Mott. I wish we could muster men who would be willing to conquer Some experience and blessing in the Lord's work at home. A healthy body and a vigorous mind.

-J. Hudson Taylor.

Ways of

I ! crested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=I================================~I'~ I OUR MISSIONARY EDUCA- local church. The ultimate objects of for "Coaching Days" held in dis- this endeavor is to sow free literature tricts or zones for the benefit of TION KALEIDOSCOPE throughout the churches, swing the prospective teachers in local mis- congregations into line with mission- sion study groups. "Suzuki As your Department Editor ary education plans, promote reading Looks at Japan" is recommended shifts her interdenominational and mission study classes or circles, this year for all adult groups. kaleidoscope, the brightest mis- cooperate with the pastor in his missionary feature in the home sionary plans, use the church calendar The United Brethren are pubchurch is the annual increase in or bulletin, posters, etc., as means to lishing through their Foreign the number of readers and stu- the main end, hold an annual tea in Mission Society a forty-page dents of home and foreign mis- early autumn to present the new books pamphlet entitled "Our Father's sion literature and the variety and outline plans, make use of insti- Family" in which are thirty-five of devices for making this at- tutes and other interdenominational daily readings for devotional tractive. She has an embarass- study groups and to keep before the periods inclusive of family worment of voluminous contribu- members the special privilege of fur- ship, to familiarize the people tions at hand upon the subject nishing funds for the translation of with affairs in the younger and can give only a few bits literature into other languages. The churches on the overseas fields. from here and there. If your mission study department is furnish- A Scripture reading, a prayer plans for Schools of World ing- the money this year for transla- and a three-quarter page of bio- Friendship are already under- tions into Japanese. "Since every ef- graphical mat t e r concerning way, save these suggestions for fort is worth while, discouragement some missionary character is the the next time. But many of shall not lodge with me," concludes the daily assignment. them are timeless and may be Synodical Secretary of Mission Study. used by program builders as well The American Friends Board as study leaders. A Variety of Plans of Missions holds one-day mis- sionary institutes at which the A leaflet of the Women's Mis- Coaching Conferences are be- morning session is devoted to an sionary Society of the United ing used· by Southe~n' Presby- exhibit of map s, pictures, Lutheran Church says: terian churches to aid mission graphs, data, etc., with speakers study leaders to present their furnishing the interpretations. An imperative obligation to make textbooks in the best possible In the afternoon missionary edudisciples of all men rests upon the way. These gatherings are held cation methods, field problems Church. This obligation cannot be "early enough for the teacher to and "ways and means" discusdischarged without widespread and in- make plans for the class but not sions fill the time. Stereopticon telligent sympathy throughout the too early for her to 'cool off' and pictures are shown in the eve- Church. I believe this can be brought lose enthusiasm." The groups ning. about by systematic missionary edu- are so arranged as to minimize cation. The advantages of a small traveling expenses, delegates be- The Reformed Church in the study class are: (1) Its small size ing further instructed, in some United States majors on miswhich permits expression from each cases, to bring their own lunch- sionary ins t r u c t ion in the member. (2) Its series of meetings eons with the hostfi!sS providing Church School. They don't do in close succession, thus securing the only a hot drink. Some synodi- things by halves. One church cumulative effect of impressions. (3) cals, however, allow a fund in writes that every class in its Its demand for serious study. (4) their budgets to cover confer- school took six weeks of study Its atmosphere of discussion which ence costs. Leaders of vision in the fall and six more in the gives life to the class. The gaining and enthusiasm are chosen. spring, alternating bet wee n of information in a class is not an end in itself but should result in inspira- "Leadership of Mission Study home and foreign missions. Ortion which leads to action. The aim Groups" is the name of a course dinarily straight mission study is: To realize the slogan, "One or used by the Methodist Episcopal takes the place of the regular more mission study classes and read- Church, South, pastors and Sunday School lessons for those ing circles in every missionary society other leaders being familiarized periods. Miss Ruth Heinmiller in the United Lutheran Church." with the current study books and writes in Bulletin No. One of the also the principles and methods The system advocated is that of for teaching them, with a view having a synodical mission study sec- to becoming, in turn, instructors retary working through the conferences and on down through confer- [79 ] ence and congregational secretaries to' similar promotional agencies in the

International Council of Reli- flags and decorations matching loved on both sides of the line, gious Education: the countries. With each ex- writes: hibit was a map showing the The men were reluctant at first location of the stations, and from We set up an exhibit on Friday, about taking it, but after they got this were strung ribbons bear- preferably in a gymnasium or some into the study they didn't want to stop. ing the names of the mission- room with high walls. We decorate They have been writing in asking for aries and dates of their terms of the walls with tapestries, maps, picmore information and especially about service. This material was in- tures, etc. We place on long tables our denominational work. The y tensively used in nine successive all the way around a large, square frankly confessed that they did not services inclusive of Sundays room . . . curios representing the know our denomination was carrying and Wednesdays, with a stereop- home life, agriculture, industries, on so much work. A striking result ticon lecture at each meeting. trade, health conditions, religions, etc., of this study is the fact that this China, Ceylon, India, America, of our different mission fields. We church paid the highest amount of its the Near East, Africa, Japan. have one or two missionaries at each denominational apportionment of any and the Philippines were succes- of the tables representing Korea, church in the Classis for the year. sively featured, plays, pageants, And for the third quarter of this year impersonations and an "around- China, India, Africa, Trinidad and (1933-34) they have paid 100 per the-world sup per," cafeteria Home Missions. They explain the cent! style, adding to the lure of the curios and are ready to answer ques- lectures. Churches within a The Protestant E pis cop a l radius of fifty miles were invited tions. Church has set up series of to these excellent meetings. We invite all the public and high reading courses through its Projects helped to make the plan Woman's Auxiliary, following permanent and practical. A school scholars to visit this exhibit the general plan of the Amer- number of the contributing mis- from two to four, the younger chilican Library Association in its sionaries had mentioned articles dren coming from two to three and "Reading with a Purpose." The they needed for their work. In the high school students and adults chief aim is to develop the mis- response, the Women's Associa- from three to four. Then we close sionary reading habit among tion, the Young People's Socie- the exhibit and bring all those old those not attending study classes. ties and three departments of enough into an auditorium to hear an A line of brief booklets called the Sunday school joined forces address on what missions means and "The Today Series" has been to collect materials and funds to what moves us to carryon the work. brought out, for ins tan c e, meet the needs. Surely the per- Then we divide the audience into "Japan Today." It is amazing manent effect of such an effort groups to go with the missionaries how much interesting informa- justified the great amount of tion can be packed into so small energy expended upon it. into class rooms for conversation and a space. The Lenten season is study. We put a small library on the especial mission study pe- In an isolated mountain region riod of the Episcopalians, its six of North Carolina, a woman liv- each field into the corresponding class weeks being intensively used, ing part way up a mountain did rooms so that the missionary is able even to the taking of Lenten and her bit in starting a missionary to tell the people what is available for Birthday Thank-offerings for loan library, as many as twenty- them to read and study. We put a spreading Christ's Kingdom. five books being called for and very large exhibit into the center of the recipients traveling many the big gymnasium which is sur- The Congregational-Christian miles to get the reading matter! Denomination is very zealous in rounded by tables of curios. A group of rural and village After these discussion groups we missionary education. 0 n e churches in New Jersey united church in Emmetsburg, Iowa, their resources for m iss ion usually have a supper to which leadconsented to be one of twelve study over a period of six weeks, ing workers are invited. Sometimes churches in the state to hold ex- with the result that the partici- we have one supper for young peoperimental "World – Friendship pants were very enthusiastic, ple to which everybody is invited. Institutes" which would bring saying they 'had never had a Sometimes over 200 sit down. The the world to the home church. more enjoyable or profitable time general public likes to come in about Letters telling of the proposed than that spent in this coopera- seven o'clock to see the exhibit. Misinstitute were sent to thirty-nine tive endeavor. sionaries are all in charge and the missionaries widely scattered public is always welcome. Then there over the map, asking for letters, And Away Up in Canada is a big mass meeting beginning at maps, pictures and explanations of their work, the local churches In the International Council eight o'clock. We put ads into the meeting the transportation ex- of Religious Education Bulletin paper and secure extra sp.ace for inpense up to a given limit. The previously mentioned an ac- terviews with missionaries and anresponse from some of those ad- count is given of the marked suc- nouncements of Sunday preaching. dressed was a flood of excellent cess attained in Canada by On Sunday, missionaries and secrematerial, even to a choice collec- "World Missionary Conferences taries preach in all the churches in tion of shells. The material was and Missionary Exhibits." Dr. the city and surrounding country. assembled in a series of booths F. C. Stephenson, a man much representative of the various Then on Sunday afternoon there is an fields, the home material in one International Missionary Rally – a room and the foreign in another, wonderful m e e tin g – with short speeches. On Sunday night, there are speakers in city pulpits. In some churches after-meetings are held, but enough missionaries are free to con- duct the exhibit for an hour after church.

On Monday morning we have a meeting with the ministers. . . . We let them tell us all their troubles and try to help them . . . Also on Mon- day morning our missionaries go to the high school and technical schools, giving short addresses and inviting the young people to come to our ex- hibit, so Monday afternoon is usually a very strenuous one. Usually we have a pageant or play put on by the N"oung people Monday night, preceded by a big supper. By Tuesday the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

workers and ministers are thoroughly 8. Pantomimes during reading of maintains attendance and interaroused. The day is spent in close-up "East Wind, West Wind." est, Rev. William E. Harmon dework with ministers, official board cided that this was not so much members, Sunday school and young 9. Debate on Unemployment Insur- due to irreligion, irreverance or people's leaders, closing with a big ance (following study of "Christ and the death of spiritual impulses supper at night which is well at- the Modern World"). as to the need for giving "old, tended. Then of course we must fol- eternal truths new habiliments low up with correspondence. We have 10. Address by Negro woman on -a refurbishing and sometimes never put on anything else which is "Changing Racial Attitudes." entirely new clothing." On this quite as satisfactory. thesis he established The Reli- 11. By means of posters, charts and gious Motion Picture Founda- One Plan in Detail scrapbooks, class members presented tion, 140 Nassau St., New York a graphic demonstration of the appli- City, whose very comprehensive The following detailed study cation of Christian principles to some catalog may be obtained free. of one School of WorId Friend- phases of the world's life. War and The expense is very slight and ship is timeless in its principles peace were emphasized the most. precludes any profit for the and its pattern may be used with (Given by guild girls.) Foundation save that of spiritany combination of themes or ual dividends. For communities study books. This schedule was 12. Interracial frieRdship program, without facilities, the Foundavaried from year to year but in by junior and primary children, re- tion offers projectors, screens general remained basic: flecting their class study and using and even the service of an oper- Mexican children, with other partici- ator upon application at the 6: 15, an inexpensive supper. pants costumed to represent children nearest distribution bureau, as 6: 45 to 7: 15, song and devotional of other nationalities. follows: period-a study of great hymns for one topic. 13. From the covers of a book large Beacon Films, Inc., 25 West 45th 7: 15 to 8: 10, study classes, lecture enough to conceal them stepped class St., New York City. method used with adults, in the main. members impersonating doctors and 8: 10 to 8: 45, feature period. nurses whose lives of service were re- Holbrook-Smith Production, 33 West A hymn-sing was used last year to corded in one of the study books. Ex- 60th St., New York City. make profitable the pre-supper period hibit of hospital supplies made by while the people were gathering. class, to be sent away through the Pilgrim Press, 14 Beacon St., Bos- White Cross for mission use. ton, Mass. For the regular suppers, the juniors sometimes prepared at- The closing session of the series one Division of Visual Aids, Presbytractive table favors. Leaflets year featured a Friendship Supper. terian Board of Christian Education, furnished by the national board From large upright hearts in the Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia, of the denomination were also center of each table extended red Pa. placed at each plate at table; and cords to flags of different nations set in accordance with the slogan, at the four corners of the table, to Presbyterian Book Store, 234 Mc- "Read! Share!" the literature express the keynote of the function. Allister St., San Francisco, Calif. was supposed to be read between Beautiful booklets indicating the evesessions and passed on to others ning's theme had been made by the Y. M. C. A. Motion Picture Bureau, who had not been present. juniors and were used as place favors. 347 Madison Ave., New York City, or Girls doing Christian Americaniza- Room 1019 South La Salle St., Chi- The feature periods, following tion work and others having foreign cago, Ill. the class sessions, were of spe- friends brought these as guests of cial interest. .Here are a few il- honor, introducing them to the entire The Japanese Tourist Bureau, lustrations: company, the foreigners giving sen- 551 Fifth Ave., New York City, tences of greeting in their own lan- also furnishes for the cost of 1. Five-minute map drill of Baptist guages, translated into English by carriage only a number of reels stations, using electrified maps of the their friend-hostesses. Appropriate of Japanese pictures of general home and foreign countries studied- music of the nationalities was inter- import and good as background three on each-all given by the same spersed. An original pageant on one material. person to ensure unity and compre- of the study books (Torch-Bearers) hensiveness. furnished the climax of the evening. Pass on the Torch 2. For "atmosphere," an exhibit of Expressional Projects furnish one Pass on the torch, pass on the flame, Indian and Chinese art, pictures, items of the most valuable features of each of home settings, etc., arranged by a School of Missions in this church. Remember whence the glory came; guild girl who gives the explanations. Hospital supplies, showers for mission stations under the direction of a And eyes are on you as you run, 3. Responsive readings on "Along "Shower Lady," presentation of gifts the Indian Trail" and "Lanterns in suitable for use among Indians and Beyond the shining of the sun. Their Hands," given by different in- collected in an Indian drum accorddividuals to present a wealth of facts ing to lists of needs previously ascer- Lord Christ, we take the torch from about the two fields being studied. tained from various stations, offering of money gifts for Chinese missions Thee, 4. "Missions Speaks"-a playlet by (dropping this into a Chinese languild girls advertising denominational tern), and such like outlets for inter- We must be true, we must be free, missionary publications. est and emotion aroused by the studies are always arranged. Can you And clean of heart and strong of soul, 5. Talk by college professor on the imagine children trained thus in sucdevelopment of the Middle West along cessive sessions ever saying, "We To bear the glory to its goal. the line of Indian trails. don't believe in missions?" o Lord of life, to Thee we kneel; 6. "Indian Night"-Indian museum The foregoing excerpts were examined under guidance of "atmos- Maker of men, our purpose seal! phere" chairman. taken from contributions sent to this Department from the First We will, for honor of Thy name, 7. Play, "Two Thousand Miles for a Book," by dramatics class. Baptist Church of Galesburg, Pass on the torch, pass on the flame.

Illinois. -Allen Eastman Cross, in The Presbyterian Magazine. Visual Aids Noting the increasing diffi- culty with which the Church The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~,===–=====~=I~ indifference t 0 ment" is quite in accord with the others, for the re- general subject of p ray e r, moval of bitter- namely "Bear ye one another's burdens and so fulfil the law of ness and e viI Christ" (Gal. 6: 2). The service thoughts fro m is prepared in six main divisions of which the third is "Worship our minds. Through Interpreting the Theme for Life Today" : Almighty God, our LEADER: What would it mean to obey heavenly Fat her, Christ's new commandment in our homes? who didst so love the ASSEMBLY: It would mean that gentle- world as to give Thy ness and courtesy, the will to under- stand, patience and good humor Son to be its light would bless the relationships of husband and wife, parent and child, and life, we would brothers and sisters. Each would share the work of the home, and know the mind of each would share his best gifts of mind and heart for the building of .: ',' our Master concen:- happiness in the home. ing this world of .' …. LEADER: What would it mean to obey Thine. For t his Christ's new commandment in our schools? .'.. -,', . cause we pray in . the words of Thy ASSEMBLY: It would mean that each member of the school community '., ," servant, Paul: "Let could be relied on for school spirit, that gentle manners and careful ." . this mind be in us, consideration for the rights of . .' which was also in others would prevail; and that a desire to fit oneself for service Christ Jesus." Help would replace selfish ambition as the dominant motive in education. . . .. .. us to see the world LEADER: What would it mean to obey as He saw it, to hear Christ's new commandment in the world of business? . " its cry as He heard ASSEMBLY: It would mean that em- ., it, to feel its need as ployers would deal with those who work for them as human beings of He felt it. Give U5 dignity and worth. Equally it would mean that all who are em-· His w 0 rId vision, ployed would give full measure of interest and of energy to the day's His world compas- work, regarding the humblest task as a trust to be fulfilled. sion, His world pur- pose and His wor~d LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment in our yearning. Forgive us community life?

wherein we h a v e ASSEMBLY: It would mean that the resources of the community would tried to keep His be organized for the well-being of all the citizens. Wholesale recrea- world-gospel to our- tion would be provided, temptations to intemperance and vice removed. selves. G ran t us The work of the community would be justly divided, as well as the re- LET TIns' MIND BE IN YOU singleness of pur- sulting gains. It would not be tol- WHICH WAS ALSO IN CHRIST JESUS pose and strength of will to publish the mind of Jesus for our world; and so bless the endeavors The illustration above is given of Thy servants who proclaim His gracious Gospel, that this our world through the courtesy of the may speedily. and surely be His Woman's Missionary Society of world. In His name. Amen. the General Synod, Reformed Church in the United States. ARTHUR V. CASSELMAN.

This society is in process of be- "A New Commandment"

coming the Woman's Missionary The Service of Worship for Society of the Evangelical and Young People to be used on the first Friday in Lent, Mareh 8, Reformed Church, an evidence 1935, the World Day of Prayer that "the mind" of Christ Jesus for Missions, was prepared by Miss Marjorie Trotter of Canfor unity is at work in the hearts ada at the request of the Interand minds of His followers. Board Committee, Woman's Mis- The illustration, symbolizing the sionary Societies of Canada. The theme "A New Commandfamily with the child in the midst, is the cover of a year's calendar of prayers. These prayers ask forgiveness for [ 82]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

erated that a few should amass for- Blackfeet fro m the CONCERNING ORIENTALS tunes while the many suffered want. Winnebagoes. The i r IN AMERICAN LIFE LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment among homes, the i r lan- the nations? guages, their ways of ASSEMBLY: It would mean that the nations would gladly create inter- living, are not the national forces to regulate the world's trade for the benefit of the same." peoples of the world. It would mean that instead of throwing their 2. "I like to be strength into the race in armaments nations would throw their strength known as an Indian on into the World Court and League of Nations, that these might become the reservation," said effective instruments of world peace. It would mean trying to understand a Chippewa girl in St. the differences between races and peoples and giving each a chance to Paul, "but not in the make its distinctive contribution to- ward the enriching of the common city. If I told my em- life. ployer I was one, he LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment in our would think that I was personal lives? not capable and I ASSEMBLY: It would mean refusing to cherish resentment or bear a should lose my posi- grudge; it would mean looking for the best in other people; it would tion." mean studying and supporting the movements looking toward peace 3. Edward S w i c k and a new society; it would mean asking for God's help from day to (Wintermoon), in re- day in order to show forth the spirit of love in every situation. porting to Indian stu- Price, 2 cents; $1.50 per hundred. Order dents his participation from your denominational headquarters, or 105 East 22d Street, New York City. in the recent Meth- NEWS FLASH FROM odist Episcopal "cov- WALES ered wagon" journey Rev. Watcyn M. Price, of from Boston to Salem, Wrexham, Wales, wrote to the editor expressing his apprecia- Oregon, told of mistion of this Bulletin and reported that "The Presbyterian Church understandings of the of Wales will join with yourselves in the observance of the American I n d ian. World Day of Prayer (March 8)" and that in previous years Sometimes hew a s "wonderful prayer meetings up and down the land have been named "alien"; many held." were surprised that he INDIAN AMERICAN YOUTH spoke English; a boy "TRANSPLANTED" TODAY in New York City re- Haruko and Sabura-from "Rainbow Bridge" What Indian American young fused to shake hands (For junior children's reading, by Florence Crannell Means) people recognize as their own problems: with him "for he be- 1. Haskell student: "We In- lieved me not to be an Indian, DEAR READER: Haruko and dians are not all alike, any more than you white people are. The for he thought all Indians used Saburo are Americans. They Dutch are different from the paint and feathers." Winter- ask, Now that you have prob- Swedes, the Russians from the moon said, "It is the duty of the French. In the same way, the Indian to relate the analysis of ably studied about them in the Dakota Indians are different the characteristics of the Indian books on Japan and about Orienfrom the Chippewas, the Nava- tals in American Life, recently jos from the Cherokees, and the to the so-called Americans so published by the Missionary that they may readily under- Education Movement, what have stand us, that they may heed to you yourself done about it? our call, to our needs in this What has your missionary so- complicated world."

4. Ataloa of Bacone College, ciety done? Are they now for- Muskogee, Oklahoma, in ad- gotten? Or have you as fellow dressing Indian youth, said, citizens written to the President "We need religious leadership, of the U. S. A. expressing your motivated by the teachings of conviction as to the urgent need Christ, that will prove a new to secure new legislation and im- migration quota for Orientals, faith can minister to every comparable to that granted to phase of Indian experience and other new Americans? If you relationship with the same vi- tality as the old religions. . . . But without spiritual guidance, have not done it, please take the training, and unselfish devotion. lead in having your society think, Indian youth will fail in meet- pray, act now "for their sakes"

ing the challenge." and also as an immediate way "Trained leadership is the to do your part to maintain only answer to these problems. This means education where one world peace in the Pacific Area. may learn to 'share a life as well Sincerely yours, as make a living.' " THE EDITOR.

Europe where the lamp of truth once government. Later editions

the lurid tale were published to Principles that Unite Nations burned brightly. It is possible for help the Russian secret police fo- ment anti-Semitic agitation. The Universal Christian Coun- America to cease to be a Christian cil for Life and Work is looked country. . Bernstein's statement was upon by some as a world federa- confirmed by the lawyers for the tion of churches in the making. It is high time for us to awake to Berne plaintiffs who declared The younger churches in the Ori- that "The Protocols" were origent have been represented in our opportunities and responsibilities. inally based on an essay written meetings of the Council, and are in 1864 by Maurice J oly, a expected to form a fifth section We cannot play fast and loose with French author, called "A Diaof the world organization which logue in Hades Between Machinow has four active sections our obligations,and expect to trans- avellie and Montesquieu." made up of Eastern Orthodox, British, Continental and Ameri- mit to the coming generation a virile, -The Litery Digest. can. The Oriental Protestant churches are closely related redemptive Gospel. Every Christian World Wide D. V. B. S, through the International Missionary Council, which has as should pause and ask, What is Amer- Rev. Robert G. Boville, foundconstituent bodies the various er of the Daily Vacation Bible National Christian Councils. ica's testimony to the Christian faith? Schools, reports that during the The fundamental idea of the past year there had been held Universal Christian Council is What is the testimony of the Govern- 3,307 vacation Bible schools in that common service and con- the different countries of the paduct based on Christian prin- ment? of the college? of the church? gan world, having 13,911 teachciples, will draw together even ers, and 173,421 pupils. In the such bodies as theologically dif- of myself? What sacrifices are you United States in 1933 there were fer in some points. The Council 14,829 schools, with a total enhas its head office in Geneva. making for the fulfilment of Christ's rolment of 1,290,460. It was un- der the administration of Mr. Re-thinking Loyalty promise that the time will come when Boville that this movement was started by the New York City The Presbytery of Pittsburgh throughout the whole world "every Mission Society and it has grown has sent out a call "to the task to world-wide proportions. of re-thinking loyalty to Christ knee should bow and every tongue and His Church." Some of its -Watchman-Examiner. pargraphs are the following: should confess that Jesus Christ is NORTH AMERICA It is impossible to escape the im- Lord, to the glory of God the Father. plication that if we are disciples of "Everyman's Offering" Christ we must follow where He leads. "Protocols of Zion" a Fake He goes before us and it is ours to U n de r the leadership of follow. It is not a debatable question The "Protocols of the Elders Charles P. Taft II of Cincinnati whether we shall go where He leads. of Zion," an anti-Semitic book an emergency gift was gathered published in Russia in 1905, by by a committee of Episcopal lay- In recent times the followers of Sergei Nilus, is a fantastic story men, and called "Everyman's Christ seem to have lost the sense of of an alleged Jewish conspiracy Offering." The object was to direction. The chill of the outside to overthrow Christianity and to avert the threatened heavy cut world has come into the church and dominatEY the world. These docu- in missionary appropriations of we have passed the torch of mission- ments have been declared forg- the Protestant E pis c o· p a I ary enthusiasm to other hands. Chris- eries, copied from an old book, Church. Making its appeal to tians confess to the lack of the driving and the Union of Jewish Com- the men of the Church, in eight power of a great passion for the cause munities in Switzerland have months this offering amounted of the Christian faith which alone can brought suit for libel to end for- to $251,000. More than 1,200,- redeem and save our people. The ever the gruesome tale which 000 pieces of literature were lives of Christians are the real ob- has plagued Jews for sixty sent out and thousands of indistacle to the progress of the Gospel in years. viduals were personally solicited. our generation. The "Protocols" were re-pub- Christianity was driven from North lished in London in 1920 under Africa and from parts of Asia and the title "A Jewish Peril" and were discredited in 1921 by Her- man Bernstein. In a booklet called "the History of a Lie," he traces the documents to a novel published in Germany by Her- man Goedische, writing under the pen-name of Sir John Ret- cliffe. An excerpt from this book was published in 1872 un- der the title, "The Jewish C-eme- tery in Prague and the Council of the Representatives of the Twelve Tribes of Israel," which recited the story of bearded J ew- ish elders conspiring, in a ceme- tery, to overthrow Christendom and to set up a Jewish universal [84 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Among the startling f act s only institution of its kind in the LATIN AMERICA brought up by this dragnet was northeastern section of the Unitthat three-fourths of the church ed States. The ex-slave is Dr. Reactions in Mexico membership were making no Walter H. Brooks, pastor of the regular contribution to missions. Nineteenth S t r e e t Baptist Rev. Clarence Neff, of Guad- Church of Washington, D. C. alajara, Mexico, declares that Some observers believe that He entered Lincoln University only a movie camera can portray this movement may take perma- in 1866 when only a few years conditions in that country, so nent form in organized local out of bondage. He is now 83 rap i d I y does the situation groups of mission-minded men. years old, and has been a pastor change. "Far from being a time in Washington for over 50 years. to give up and retire from the -The Christian Advocate. field," says Mr. Neff, "this would A letter from Dr. Brooks to seem to be one of those crises Churches Sold for Debt the president offhe University which challenge the reality and recalled a gift of $500 he had resources of our Christian reli- Dr. F. W. Mueller, superin- received from the Presbyterian gion." tendent of church extension for Board of Education in Pittsthe Methodist Board, reported burgh when he was a student. The Congregational Church at at the annual meeting, Novem- Dr. Brooks wrote further: Hermosillo was taken over by ber 20, that thirty Methodist the Government as a social cenchurches had been sold by the I can never return the favor in ter. Instead of crushing their sheriff during the depression, mere dollars and cents. But today, spirit this seems to spur the and that about 400 others were for the first time in my life, I am able workers on to new endeavor. At in a critical condition. About to draw a check for $1,000 and have Matzatlan, where the clergy are 5,000 of the 20,000 churches of a hundred or two left to my account, put on a quota, a progressive the denomination had debt prob- only a hundred or two, however. program of social action serving lems, he said, and the interest on the community has been pushed. church property debts "exceeds "Peyote Christians" For services the churches join the amount given by the entire together with the Baptists whose church for world service." In Rev. F. C. Patterson, writing pastor has a permit to officiate. each case, Dr. Mueller said, a in the Woman's Missionary Mag- The English Forum and the Inmodest loan would save the day. azine of the deep spiritual need ternational Club are growing of our American Indians, tells concerns. Professional and busi- Anti-Alcohol Education why it is difficult to win "Peyote ness men, both Catholic and Christians." Most of this group Protestant, discuss questions of The 60th anniversary conven- were nominal Christians before general interest in a new Spantion of the W. C. T. U. held in joining the cult; in fact, they ish-speaking group. Cleveland, Ohio, November 10- claim it is a Christi,an church, 15, climaxed in the launching of organized in Oklahoma as "Na- Instituto Colon, a Congregaa five-point, five-year, $500,000 tive American Church." Their tional school, has been unable to program, to culminate in 1939, distinctive characteristic is the meet expenses and has closed the centenary of the birth of use of the narcotic-drug, "pey- but the Colegio Internacional is Frances Willard, and at once to ote" as the Bread in the Holy still functioning. embrace a nation-wide plan of Communion. They hold their education for youth and adults, meetings only when they have a -American Board News. along with unwavering cham- supply of this drug. It keeps pionship of legislation looking them awake for 24 hours, so they Work with Mexican Troops toward the goal of national ab- usually start their meetings on olition of the liquor traffic. Saturday evening and the effect N. W. Taylor is evangelizing of the drug continues through Mexican soldiers who occupy Mrs. Ida B. Wise Smith was the Sabbath. This drug enlarges roadside camps; and has met a reelected national president. the retina of the eye and causes cordial response. Week after The next world's convention will them to see wonde.rful color ef- week this work has gone on. be held in the United States, fects. They think of these color Four regiments have been visprobably in 1937. effects as visions of Christ and ited in their barracks and two claim the drug is the Holy Spirit hundred and seventy-five New Ex-Slave Gives $1,000 revealing the truth to them di- Testaments and 150 Bibles have rectly so that they do not need been sold to soldiers. Many of- With an initial gift of $1,000 to read the Bible. ficers, and between eight and from a former Negro slave, a nine hundred soldiers have taknation-wide movement has been The thing was started by a en a stand for Christ before launched to raise $400,000 for government agent in order to their comrades. the expansion and improvement profit from the sale of the drug. of Lincoln University near Ox- The government is now handi- In one meeting a major gathford, Pa. This is a pioneer liber- capped in legislating against it ered 45 soldiers, their wives and al arts college and theological because the Indians cry "reli- children who drank in every seminary for Negro young men, gious persecution," and all argu- word, and showed much interest founded 80 years ago, and the ment is useless. in the chart explanation of the Gospel. The major, looking up

the references, would occasional- cate Rev. Irven Paul of Chile to London October 2, Prof. Duncan ly say to the company with a such a continent-wide service W. Blair declared that there is nod, "Yes, here it is, just as he u n d e r the auspices of the no more strategic field of evansays." When the invitation was World's Sunday School Associa- gelistic effort than the universigiven one of the first to raise his tion, and it is confidently ex- ties of the world, because stuhand was this major. pected that the way will be clear dents are required to assimilate for the inauguration of this new a constantly growing mass of in'- At Managua, Nicaragua service early this year. formation. Representatives from several universities reported up- In twelve years the Baptist The first national Sunday on the witness borne by the Church at Managua, has in- School Convention ever held in Christian Unions in the univercreased from less than 100 to Colombia is reported a pro- sities. 500, and the Sunday school from nounced succeSf!. It was held in an average attendance of 75 to Bogata and the' attendance was One speaker told of a tour in more than 400. The church has representative. This new I y Hungary, in which he met an igtwo branch Sunday schools. Al- formed organization desires to norance of the Word of God though the members are all very b e com e affiliated with the which is almost incredible, and poor, $12,000 has been contrib- World's Sunday School Associa- of hunger for the Word. He inuted to the work. The church tion. stanced cases of students standis planning to enlarge the chapel ing firmly for Christ, although and has a fund of more than To Evangelize Argentine Jews lonely and suffering dire pover- $5,000 toward a church building. ty. The Hebrew Christian Alli- Miss Mary Mills, Baptist mis- ance of America plans to send The President of the Fellowsionary, writes that 533 boys Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Glass to ship, Dr. T. W. Gilbert, said that and girls are receiving a Chris- inaugurate work among the the movement is the most steadytian education. We have in our 150,000 Jews of Argentina if the ing influence he has known, and employ at Managua eighteen necessary funds are obtained. that its members are character- Nicaraguan teachers of whom There is a great field in Buenos ized by a devotion to the Lord, eight are Christian and four oth- Aires alone, a city of over 2,000,- and strong conservative views, ers are very sympathetic toward 000 people with 90,000 Jews for which result in clear testimony the Gospel. Last spring Don Is- whom little Christian work has and simple faith. Some of the mael Garcia, pastor at Santa ever been, done. ablest men of the day were Ana, who is counted one of the among their ranks. best evangelists in Latin Ameri- -Christian Approach to Jews. ca, conducted services in our -The Christian. church. Nearly every night the Baptistqrowth in Brazil building was crowded, and Fifteen Years in Belgium eighty-five accepted Christ. They Dr. arid Mrs. W. Bagby, are now in the candidates class. Southern Baptist missionaries A review of the work of the A Mr. Hamilton, Moravian mis- in Brazil, have seen the Baptist Belgian Gospel Mission has an sionary, is pastor of a church on Church in that country grow especial interest since the Homethe east coast of Nicaragua from 2 to 50,000 in fifty years. going of its founder, Ralph C. which has a membership of more There are Baptist churches in Norton. Mr. Vansteenberghe, than 800. every state of Brazil; in all, 490 who has been with the mission churches, 1,214 pre a chi n g since its beginning, surveys this -Watchman-Examiner. points, 42,000 members, 718 work for the Sunday School Sunday schools, 226 young peo- Times. Sunday Schools in South ple's unions, 400 women's soci- America eties, two seminaries, two train- In fifteen years the Belgian Gospel ing schools, two colleges, four Mission has grown into a work whose Since the World's Sunday academies, forty-eight primary branches reach from frontier to fron- School Convention in Rio de J a- schools, a publishing house, a tier. 'Through the tents or other neiro, much thought has been home mission boa:r:d with work means the battle line against the force given to the need for a general among the emigrants, Indians, of the enemy has been stretched out worker for religious education and in the far interior, a For- until today we have posts north, south, in the Spanish-speaking coun- eign Mission Board with work in east and west in this land. In all tries of South America. Brazil, Portugal. these places the Gospel is preached which speaks Portuguese, is well regularly, and all exercise their incared for under the leadership – Watchman-Examiner. fluence in a certain radius. Homes of Rodolfo Anders, Secretary of where meetings are now being held the Brazil Council of Religious EUROPE may become in the near future centers Education. Recently the Board of established work; in all, there are of Foreign Missions of the Pres- Inter-Varsity Fellowship 60 points where regular services, are byterian Church, U. S. A., an- on the way. nounced its willingness to allo- At the fourth annual meeting of the Inter-Varsity Fellowship The Mission did not escape the de- of Evangelical Unions, held in pression unscathed. At the beginning of summer no money was available for tent work, but the Lord made pro- vision, and since July 1 both tents have been out, and now at the end of July the French tent is at the end of its second series of meetings, while

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the Flemish tent is in the middle of thirty-one me m be r s and a reading it, but he continued to its third campaign. We have been do so, in company with some of church membership of 3,000. his friends; the more they read, working in new territory as far as , At the 116th annual meeting the tents are concerned. of the Methodist Board of For- the more they were dissatisfied eign Missions, held at 150 Fifth The 'original church in Brus- with the Church as they found sels decided last year that it Avenue, New York City, Novem- it. Kwasniuk and his friends could be self-supporting, which ber 21,23 attended by nearly a sought out the American preach- hundred per cent of the 115 min- ers in Kolomea, and as a result means voluntary gifts amount- congregations came into being ing to at least $3,300 annually. isterial and lay managers, it was Church Life in Germany voted to unite with the Synod of in both villages. The movement the Methodist Church in Italy, spread with great rapidity, and From the International Chris- which is under the jurisdiction is still spreading. Groups of tian Press, Geneva, we find evi- of the British Methodist Church. evangelical Christians sprang up This merger, when consum- in village after village. In the dence that in Germany the mated, will give Italy a stronger beginnings of a new church life Methodism and strengthen the neighboring town of Stanislau the movement was organized on are to be perceived. The number evangelical forces. of people who have come back -The Christian Advocate. Lutheran lines; in the neighbor- hood of Kolomea it retained a to the Evangelical Church indi- strong Reformed character. One cates that the movement towards Czechoslovakia Church or two Greek Catholic priests the Church has by no means Independent and a number of theological stureached its limit. In Berlin dents identified themselves with alone, in 1933, some 63,815 I?eo- Czechoslovakia c h u r c h e s the movement. Lutheran and pIe j 0 i ned the EvangelIcal ceased last year to receive any Church as compared with 4,272 Reformed branches' have allotted in the preceding year. Similarly, financial aid from the American to each other specific spheres of Board, and thus a connection of labor, to prevent all clashing and the number of communicants sixty-two years was finally sev- competition; their relations are amounted to 259,737, out of a ered. Dr. James L. Barton most cordial. total of 301,975. That wide cir- writes that it was his privilege In Poland the law requires cles of people are ready to take to visit a large number of the that a change of religion can part in parish life is proved by churches in Austria in 1909 in only be made after certain legal a number of facts, among them, company with Dr. John Porter, preliminaries, w h i c h require the deliberate renunciation of whose cordial and sympathetic three months for their accomhome baptism in favor of con- relations with pastors and lead- plishment. The cost including gregational baptism w h i c h that of securing from the priest ers was evident everywhere. He seems to be taking place to an was manifestly honored and a birth-certificate, amounts to increasing extent. Another cus- loved by all who knew him; he tom which had largely gone out had the happy faculty of giving about five American dollars, about one month's wages for a of use, according to which a be- able and constructive assistance peasant. Children between the to the evangelical movement trothed couple is present at the without seeming to dominate. ages of six and fourteen may not service at which their banns are change their faith, even though published, is be i n g resumed Dr. Porter celebrated his sev- their parents do so, but must entieth birthday last May. Leadmore and more. With the pres- continue to receive in the schools ers throughout the entire field religious education from the ence of the betrothed couple in joined in urging him, when his the midst of the interceding con- Church to which they have pregregation, the publication of active service came to an end, to viously belonged. In spite of banns has regained its earlier remain with them as long as he these facts some 4,000 persons lives. -Missionary Herald. have officially made the transfer church significance. In order to bring the pastor into closer con- to the Reformed Church, and about the same number to the tact with his congregation, an Revival in Poland Lutherans. -Rev. W. T. Elmslie, Leeds, order has been enacted in Thiir- Reference has been made to ingen relating to pastoral visits. the revival among Ukrainian Eng. peasants of southern Pol~nd. It has become the duty of the Nine years ago some AmerIcan Soviet Children Ukrainian Protestant preachers pastor to make at least ten house held services in Kolomea. The Differences in the mental outvisits during the week, and to enter them in a special book.

Italian Methodists Reorganize news came to a village some ten look of children in France and miles away where was a peasant, of those reared under a commu- Methodist work in Italy, after Roman Kwasniuk, during the nist regime were shown in the sixty-two years, is to be reor- war a prisoner in Siberia. There answers to questionnaires ad- ganized in view of the cha!l~ed he had learned to read the Bible, dressed to both French and Sovpolitical situation and the rIsmg which he brought back with him iet children from 11 to 15 years tides of Italian nationalism. to his native village. He was of age and from families of Italy Annual Conference has discouraged by the priest from widely varying circumstances.

A question on what was their U n i a t Christians. Between From Spanish Guinea ideal in life brought from Cairo and the Mediterranean, French children such answers among 6,000,000 people, there Rev. Joseph McNeill, an as: "To be rich"; "To have a are only about 2,000 Christians. American Presbyterian missionbicycle"; "To travel"; "to be an Many social and educational readmiral"; "To read books with forms are being promoted in ary, writes from Rio Benito, of happy endings." Soviet young- Egypt, but there are powerful missionary triumphs and dissters gave such answers as: "To elements which view with appre- couragements. During a comoverthrow capitalism and build hension any weakening of the socialism" ; "To be like Voro- traditional Moslem position and munion season he summoned the shiloff [Defense Minister]" ; prestige. -Moslem World. twelve catechists and said: "I "To study to be outstanding in am going to write to friends in sport." Egyptian Women in Public . America who have helped us The question, "What do you Life with gifts. Tell me what was know about God?" brought from French children views ranging Many women of Egypt stepped done with some of them." from pantheism to the opinion from their homes into public life He was a bearded old man who during the first years following One reported: "At Christmas had perhaps died. Soviet chil- the World War, according to dren unfaltering declared that Madame Khayat, of Cairo, who we gave a feast and fed 70 peo- God was an invention of priests. is in touch with many young ple. Some marveled when we women through her program of Both Soviet and French chil- social work in Cairo. She points gave preference to widows and dren exhibited a low opinion of out that with only fifteen years orphans. We told of the wonthe League of Nations, some of emancipation Egyptian wom- French boys considering it a so- en have reached the front ranks derfullove of Christ that softens ciety of old gentlemen trying to of public and professional en- us toward the needy." prevent war, and Soviet lads re- deavor without having the long garding it as a weak organiza- years of work in schools, fac- "And I," said another, "I tion that "merely talks while we tories and business, which wombuild socialism." Asked what en of the western world experi- found a poor, sick woman with they would do if head of the enced before they were able to no one to care for her and gave Soviet State, Russian children's break into higher fields. answers were such as: "Develop her a cloth. She said, '0 my the waste parts of the Soviet -Yo W. C. A. News. friend, that chicken you used to Union and improve living condi- see running around my yard tions"; "Build new houses and Ethiopia's Forward Look finish the subway"; "Destroy died; I have nothing to give you class distinctions." The Psalmist's pro ph e c y, "Ethiopia shall soon stretch out in return for this.' " -New York Times. her hands unto God," now printed on Abyssinia's corona- "There is a poor albino woman AFRICA tion postage stamps, seems in process of fulfilment. Fifteen in my town," said another. "She Egypt's Recent Progress missionaries have been commis- wanted to come to communion sioned by the Bible Churchmen's Egypt is not yet emancipated Missionary Society, some of service and had nothing to wear. religiously, and constant dis- whom have already settled in So I gave the dress to her, and putes arise on the question of Abyssinia. Schools are opening, what do you think? She came, liberty of conscience and teach- printing presses are at work, ing. There are over 400 mis- contact with the outside world is but had no money for the consionaries and nearly 30 societies established, the circulation of tribution, so offered to give the in the country. Forty per cent Scripture in the modern lanof the missionary force is in guage of Ethiopia is going for- dress for the Lord's work. The Cairo, but there are some 300 ward. Ras Kassa, trusted coun- pastor felt she needed that dress centers of work. Much evangel- cilor of the Emperor, has asked and now she is trying to find ism has been carried on among the Society to supply physicians the Copts since 1859, and a very and teachers for a center which something from her garden to large part of the Protestant is being built seventy miles north meet her pledge." Church is built up from among of the capital; and the Governor them~ In 1927 out of the popu- of Chercher has opened the way Mr. McNeill tersely sums up lation of 13,000,000 there were for work among the Islamized the advances of the year: nearly a million Coptic Chris- Abyssinians east of the capital. tians, 66,000 Protestants and A Year Ago Today 117,000 Roman Catholics and -So S. Times. Slow transportation ……. .A Ford truck. No church in the interior •.Mengo Church or· ganized. No trained native workers ..One native pastor, four t r a i ned Catechists. No village schools ……….One station school and twelve vii· lage schools. Lethargy of Beach Churches .Five outposts sup- ported. Okak barriers ………….Fifteen Okak con· verts.

Clouds Still Looming Heavy Catholic opposition ………Greatly increased. Scant white personnel ……Doctor and teacher still lacking.

In Madagascar Members and adherents' of the church founded by the L. M. S. in Madagascar number 250,- 000, the next largest total being that in India where the figure is 188,000. There are 747 Sunday schools on the island, with 38,-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

000 children attending them. The scorpion's nest in Izmir, the the work of the churches has Training in Sunday s c h 001 American college, is closed. The build- been put on the project basis, methods is included in the the- ing in which the priests' black spirit each enterprise being obliged to ological seminary at Tananarive, had permeated is now overcome by the commend itself to the judgment the capital. red color of the Turkish culture. The of a mixed group of appraisers year before last the American college before funds are allocated. In the Betsileo Pro v inc e, at Sivas had been closed. Can a scorwhere there has been a center pion's nest exist in the place where the Kennedy Memorial Hospital of the L. M. S. for over 60 years, Ghazi had opened his congress for the in Tripoli for the first time last there are six central stations, liberation of Turkey? Is it certain year received an income equal to 259 outstations, and about 45,- that during the coming school year expenditures. T his released 000 people ass 0 cia ted with many of the foreign schools in Istan- most of its appropriation for the churches as members or adher- bul and the Tarsus college will be development of pioneer medical ents. Here, also, is a small the- closed? Those parents who send their work in another section. It is ological school. The vernacular children to such schools will suffer for hoped that this condition may press of the island is almost en- their crime. Izmir is silenced. Tarsus continue. tirely Christian. closes its accounts at the new year. In its report sent to America, the col- Another advance is the in- -The Chronicle.· lege states that unless help is sent, it creasing opportunity for young cannot continue for more than four Christians to express their new WESTERN ASIA months. Istanbul colleges do their life in voluntary service to their best in the way of propaganda, to own people. This is furthered Turkey Bans Clerical Garb catch in their net the ignorant, to get by the changed status of women. money. But it is all vain. Sooner or Girls from the Junior College Mustafa Kemal's government later they'll have to lock their doors, have for three successive sumin Turkey has been conducting a and put a signboard on the buildings mers gone into villages where determined campaign to break that they are for rent. . . . the people are living in unbethe power of the Mohammedan lievable ignorance, poverty and priesthood. Its resistance has See how happy the Turkish child is disease; have camped near the led to a series of repressive at Izmir. See! the winds blow over village and entered into its life; measures, one being a decree the place where the school used to be. have gathered the children, forbidding ministers to appear Come, 0 Turkish youth! Make your teaching them cleanliness, hyin public in cleric attire. Civil- vow that all foreign schools in Istan- giene and religion. ian clothes must be worn on all bul shall sell their goods at auction occasians except when actually and all the "doctors," "madams," -Women and Missions. attending religious ceremonies. "messieurs" and the "soeurs" shall The decision applies alike to the take their passports and go to the land Forward Looking Persia Moslem, Orthodox, Armenian, of Hottentots. Catholic, Protestant and Jewish September 25, 1934, the Shah clergy. Church of the Martyrs of Persia issued a decree sup- pressing the wearing of veils by Two Mosques Become Cultural This church in Aleppo cele- Persian women. The action is Centers brated its third anniversary Sep- similar to that taken by Mus- tember 23. It has been self- tapha Kemal in dec r e e in g A decline in Mohammedan supporting from its start. The greater freedom for Turkish worship in Turkey is indicated congregation meets in the outer women. This will mean little to by the transformation of the an- court of a home which contains the young school girls who have cient mosque, Aya Sophia in no room large enough for it. In never worn a veil. One of the Ista~bul, into a museum for summer, it shifts from one side leaders of what might be called Byzantine art. The Sultan Ah- to the other to keep in the shade, the feminist movement in Persia met mosque, situated in the same and in winter lowers a curtain has frequently said : "We are square, will be transformed into to keep out the cold. working for the lifting of the a public library. The first was, veil of ignorance and superstifor more than 900 years, the The church committee is a tion. The removal of the chudgreatest Christian Church on typical group of Armenians who dar is of no great importance." earth, and for 480 years the have made good, though heavily greatest Mohammedan mosque handicapped as strangers in a Other laws have been enacted on earth. The latter mosque was strange land. In the group is a within the past two years giving considered the most beautiful pedlar, a hardware merchant, an women more protection and one in the world. editor, a doctor, a pharmacist greater freedom. The age of and one woman member. marriage has been raised; di- -United Presbyterian. vorce laws now give women -Missionary Herald. equal rights with men; before Turkish Irony marrying an additional wife, the Growth of Syria Missions husband must inform all the The Turkish periodical, Bir- women concerned. Women have lik, thus expresses satisfaction Among significant develop- entered business and governover the closing of an American ments in Syria two stand out; ment positions. In addition the Christian College: one is the accomplishment of self-support on the part of two Presbyterian medical institu- tions, the Hamlin Memorial San- atorium and the Kennedy Me- morial Hospital; and the long stride toward self-support on the part of the Syrian Church. All

"Red Lion and Sun" (Red friends and neighbors waiting heard of occurrence, as caste Cross), there are a number of for his death that they might conversions have been rare inother societies, one for fallen take him to the cemetery. When deed. Short courses of study women; others educational, in- he rallied somewhat, and they have been offered these converts, cluding two schools for adult left, she sent word that as her and their response shows the women and a reading room. friends would not permit a keen interest they have in learn- Christian funeral after his death, ing the real meaning of their de- -Women and Missions. would it not be possible to have cision. the funeral before he died. The Persian Medical Advances request was so earnestly desired Conversion of 8,078 people in that it was impossible to refuse. one week was the result of Evan- Leaders in Persia are "sold" Following the prayer meeting a gelistic Week in May, when on modern therapy, and are group of Christians crowded 2,693 villages were visited by planning many things; among into the little room where he lay Christian evangelists, 3,674 servthem, the construction of many dying and the sentences and ices were held, and 12,000 peonew hospitals. None of these Scripture portions recommended ple took part in witnessing to approaches in magnitude or for use at funerals were read. Christ. magnificence the group of new It was surprising how fitting buildings now completed at and helpful these verses were to Christians in the d i 0 c e s e Meshed. A tho usa n d men the situation, and while the com- raised 12,000 rupees toward seworked daily, rushing this task mitment service was not read, curing an assistant bishop, and to completion in time for dedica- the remainder of it was com- toward a new cathedral. In the tion of the buildings by His Maj- pleted without the slightest sense Council there was no thought of esty Reza Shah Pahlavi at his of impropriety. curtailing the work, or even a visit in the autumn. With its mention of it, although some 300 Iron beds, its own electric INDIA salary cuts were made. lighting plant, its steam heating system, this array of twelve or A Grievance Removed -The Living Church. fourteen beautiful buildings stands in sharpest contrast to A long-standing grievance of Wanless Tuberculosis the old buildings of this same Christian converts has been that Sanitorium hospital twenty years ago-then in the public courts and records dark and ill-kept, without any villagers of the backward classes The Wanless Tuberculosis modern features whatever. who had been converted to Sanitorium at Miraj, which has Christianity were still entered been functioning since 1931, was The Sacred Shrine possesses as bhangis and chamars. The formally opened October 24. great wealth, poured into its Indian Christian Association coffers by successive waves of brought the matter to the atten- "How was the Sanitorium pilgrims through hundreds of tion of Sir Malcolm Hailey, Gov- built in these days of depresyears. Its resources are now ernor of the United Provinces of sion?" is a question frequently being utilized by the present Agra and Oudh, with the result asked. Miraj Hospital bought progressive ruler of Persia for that all officials have been in- the land, 105 acres; friends the support of modern schools, structed to record those who from Bombay Presidency subthe work for lepers, this new have been converted to Chris- scribed liberally, and wealthy hospital plant, and other projects tianity as Christians. This ac- people have given large donafor the benefit and relief of the tion on the part of the Govern- tions. During 1933, Rs. 15,000 pilgrims, and the 2,000,000 peo- ment is greatly appreciated by were received from a Hindu ple of Khorasan. That pioneer Christians of the backward Bombay broker for a new x"ray; Christian hospitals have been a classes, and also by those who and Rs. 50,000 from a Jain major factor in stimulating this are working for and among Trust Fund for new buildings. medical advance throughout Per- them. -The Indian Witness. The former came as the result sia there can be no doubt. of a promise made to Dr. Wan- Three Years in Dornakal less in 1930; the latter through His Own Funeral the influence of a patient who Encouraging reports were re- was connected with the Trust A Christian convert in Persia, vealed at the Dornakal Diocesan Fund. During the past year whose faith had sustained him Council which met October 4. there has been added to the Sanithrough his long and hopeless Since the last meeting of the torium one new general ward, a illness, faced the end with per- Council three years ago, 35,494 guest house, a clinical building fect confidence. Some days be- new Christian converts have housing the new X-ray, an operfore his death, his wife, a Mos- been baptized in the diocese of ating room, clinical laboratory lem, came asking that they Dornakal. Last year nearly and examining rooms, a 15 H. P. might have a Christian funeral, 1,000 Sudras were converted engine and building to house the to which assent was gladly given. and baptized, hitherto an un- same, six new cottages contain- But when the end drew near she ing eight beds and an endowsaw the yard filling with Moslem ment of Rs. 10,000. The goal is 125 beds. -Dnyanodaya.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Javanese Converts at Delhi New Life in Siam "When we arrived in China pon Four Javanese young men, in- There has been a year of prog- ~ there was not a single mile of ress in Prae, Siam. The Presby- railroad operating anywhere in terested .in Scout work, were terian Church in that city has the land. Railroads are now members of a party which set launched out, with faith, on a measured by thousands of miles out on a world tour from Java plan of complete self-support. and include several trunk lines, to study education and political They have promised to support with others planned or under questions. They were Moham- their pastor and carryon all construction; well-built motor medans, but in Delhi they came their activities without any help roads are being opened almost in touch with Christ through from America. An ordained every month, bus service is be- servants of His in the Scout man from southern Siam, who is ing extended and airplane routes Movement, and in the missions. now resident in Prae, has given have been opened. Flour was After earnest study they pro- much time in volunteer service, ground by cow power and the fessed conversion, and were bap- and through special meetings product quite unprotected from tized in the Free Church at a and intensive evangelistic ef- dust raised by the animal's feet beautiful and memorable serv- fort under the power of the as it pursued its weary circuit. ice. They then decided to re- Holy Spirit, has been instru- Splendid flour mills with the turn to Java, to join with one of mental in bringing many to most up-to-date machinery are the missions there and become Christ. In all the churches, ex- now turning out daily hundreds grounded in the faith. cept the small group at Ban of sacks of good flour; and fac- Moon, a number of acceSSIOns tories of every sort produce the -London Missionary Herald. have been recorded each com- necessary supplies which until a munion Sunday. Quite a num- few years ago came from other Fresh Egg Association ber of old-time Christians who lands. had "said goo d – bye to the Among the experiments in Church," as the Siamese express "Forty years ago, outside misrural reconstruction, the Fresh it, have returned, renewed their sion schools, the only textbooks Egg Association is one spon- allegiance to Christ and asked to in use were over a thousand sored by the Baptist Mission at be restored. years old and there were no. re- Pyinmana. It has made a steady vised editions. Now there IS a growth. Each member has to Rev. Puang Akapin, evan- national educational s y s tern give eight annas to belong to the gelist at Pitsanuloke, has dedi- which provides schools for all Association and is given a num- cated his life 100 per cent to ages from early childhood to maber which he can place on the Christian service, without re- ture manhood, and they are open eggs to identify them. The mem- muneration from any organized to boys and girls on an equal bers are given the first oppor- body. His wife, a very capable footing. tunity to sell their eggs to the woman, has started a business mission, and are given the first in Prae which they hope will care "Undoubtedly there is a growchance to buy purebred cocks. for their family. Since he came ing sense of the need of a more The Association is now collecting he has inspired the group in the vital religious life than any of about 3,000 eggs a week and its city with the desire for a more the old cults ever produced, and activities are employing five fully consecrated life in Christ. the fact that many of the Agriculture School graduates. scholars of the land have pro- Last March two village poultry The hospital has pas sed vided themselves with copies of shows were conducted. through one of its best years the Word of God is cause for since the time when there was a great encouragement and thank- June 9, 1934, eleven Christian resident missionary physician. fulness."

men organized the Pyinmana In- The doctors from McCormick Once Buddhist-Now dustrial Cooperative Bank, Ltd., Hospital in Chiengmai have Evangelist with shares of Rs. 50 each to made regular monthly visits and finance poultry far min g in have generally found more work Each morning at Hengchow Yamethin and Toungoo districts, than they could do. Presbyterian Hospital, all em- and in Taungdwingyi subdi- -Siam Outlook. ployees who can spare the time, all patients able to walk and any VISIOn. Two Cooperative Poul- CH,INA friends who so desire attend try Societies were also organized ~ at Shwemyo and Lewe. Each chapel, by invitation, not commember puts in Rs. 5 a year un- Forty Years in Review pulsion. A Chinese evangelist, til he pays Rs. 25 for half a share in the Society. In case the So- On the eve of his retirement Mr. Dzu, who was a Buddhist ciety becomes liable for debts after forty years of service orator and strong anti-Christian which it cannot otherwise meet, under the Presbyterian Board the member may be called upon in China, Dr. J. E. Shoemaker speaker before his conversion, to pay the remaining Rs. 25. reviews some of the changes like the Apostle Paul, is now which have come under his ob- -Burma Baptist Bulletin. servation. just as ardent a worker for Christ. He is in charge of chapel services, leads once or twice a week and gets other

speakers at other times. Here orders to the village of Laomu- Building at Ginling College, there is not the difficulty in tell- teng that all Christian services, Nanking, were held in connecing, as in America, who is and even in the homes of the peo- tion with the Nineteenth Annual who is not a Christian, as non- ple, must be discontinued. The Founders' Day in November, Christians do not have the out- converts are, therefore, now 1934. This marked the compleward conformity to Christian meeting in the forest, or going tion of the academic quadrangle standards and Christian back- by a roundabout road to one of of Ginling College as planned ground. Mr. Dzu knows the psy- the other villages on Sundays. and financially provided for in chology of his people. Chris- Another village has been or- 1921-23. In a joint campaign tianity is never forced on pa- dered by the official to burn all for seven colleges in the Orient tients, but a few words are Christian books. Two chapels, a total of $3,000,000 was raised, spoken, a Scripture passage left besides the one at Laomuteng of which Ginling's share was with those who read and in a previously mentioned, have been $600,000. few days he makes it a point to completely destroyed. Several During the nineteen years of have a long talk with those who of the other chapels have been Ginling's history the student enshow interest. Not a few of the partially destroyed. rolment has grown from nine to patients leave the hospital Chris- Stressing Stewardship 213. In addition to the college tians, and much of the credit is students there are 74 senior due this former Buddhist. Rev. H. G. Hilscher, of the middle school students in the Shantung Presbyterian Mission, Practice School under the Edu- Overcoming Adversity cation Department of the insti- has made two extended bicycle tution. Dormitories are crowded The little Christian Church at trips over the Tengchow field to to capacity, and further provis- ion for housing must be made to Chi Yang had fallen on hard stress stewardship and self-sup- meet the normal growth of the port. He reports that the result student body. days. The membership slowly exceeded expectations. "Numer- -China Weekly Review. melted away. ous c h u r c h members have pledged their tithe. Our pastors, Friends Face Issue "Friends," said the volunteer who a few years ago all refused Friends at West China Union preacher, Mr. Wang, "either we to make such a pledge, are now University are confronted with tithing, as are many elders and a serious situation which arises do something or allow our from the requirement of the other leaders. One woman, Chinese Government that educachurch to be occupied by the formerly an evangelist who tional institutions in China shall teach military drill. Recently, military." So they started serv- hated to give, was revived last the government has been press- year and pledged her tithe, but ing this requirement, and the six ices again; then a school for this spring changed her pledge Friends who are members of the teaching staff have sent a signed girls; then Thousand Character to two-tenths. In one place letter of protest which stayed where we held meetings many proceedings for a time, but the Classes. The Commanding of- pledges in produce were made, ultimate result is still in the balance. iicer of the Army division turned e. g., a bushel of millet, or of wheat, eggs laid on Sunday, an The Presbyterian mission in out to be a Christian, with a de- Shantung also passed a strong entire apricot crop; and the resolution a g a ins t military sire to help. They outgrew old children insisted on having a training in Christian schools.

quarters and built a new church. share. The total amount pledged Some eminent Chinese leaders in the country field is about three have spoken frankly in regard to In late October, Rev. Rowland giving education precedence over times that of last year. military preparation. "We must M. Cross attended the dedication. Owing to finances two pastors believe," said Dr. Hu Hsih, "that the education of 50,000,000 chil- The campaign for funds was had their subsidies entirely dren will be 50,000 times more effective and important to the promoted by three loyal sons, withdrawn, but they decided to country than 5,000 airplanes!" continue on a faith basis. It two students in Yenching and meant hardship, but they testify -American Friend'. to greater joy in service, and .Jefferson, respectively, and one certainly they show greater zeal. a teacher in Tunghsien. The One who was lazy is now inces- santly preaching and looking iirst person to offer public con- after his church members; his gratulations was a non-Chris- wife is an inspiration by her tian, leading business man from constant singing, testimony and praying, and her radiance in the an adj oining town. Bowing low home. to the Cross on the altar and the picture of Christ above it, he then turned to the congregation and thanked them and the Kung- lihui for what itthheadcodmomn~eniatny.d was doing, for The pastor, a local farmer, serves without pay.

Christian Services Forbidden Persecution of Lisu converts Buildings for Ginling JAPAN -CHOSEN Dedication ceremonies for the General Assembly Meeting in the province of Yunnan continues. The latest report to China's Millions is that the local new Chapel-Music Building and The forty-eighth annual meetofficial has definitely iss u e d the Library – Administration ing of the Presbyterian Church

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

in Japan was held in Tokyo last Sunday school and worship serv- that ha<J been stripped from the ices are held. Each year in Jan- October. About 300 delegates uary the farm accommodates the wall of a Korean room, and that were in attendance, coming from 20 to 30 who come for two weeks consisted of leaves from one of all parts of Japan and from For- of Farmers' Gospel S c h 0 0 I. the first Korean Bibles that had mosa, Korea and Manchukuo. There is also a Rural Women's been sent in from Manchuria be- The meetings were characterized Gospel School where along with fore the first missionaries arthroughout by a spirit of prayer the Gospel, courses are offered rived. -Pyengyang News. and harmony, and a generous attitude toward others in the in food preparation, care of chil- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC problems that were discussed. dren, housing conditions, hy- Among the questions voted upon gienic c lot hi n g, budgeting, Transformed Islanders were: The appointment of a simple marketing, etc. In 1875, Dr. George Brown Japanese as principal of the -Kagawa Fellowship landed on the beach at Molot, in Tainan College in Formosa, con- Bulletin. the Duke of York group, New ducted by the English Presby- Britain District, and found a terians, in response to an ear- New Church For Koreans people wholly savage, of disgustnest request from that mission. ing habits and of evil temper.

A special committee was ap- There are now 500,000 Ko- All the horrors of heathenism pointed for conference on union reans in Japan, scattered from were around him, and human of all denominations, with no one end of the land to the other. life was not safe. Fifty years sacrifice of principles or faith. Through the cooperation of later a missionary stepped on the Methodist and Presbyterian same beach, to be welcomed by It was urged that the Church's churches in Korea, and about over two thousand people singthree seminaries establish closer ing Christian hymns. They were relations by means of annual ten missions of various denomiconferences. nations in Japan, 48 churches clean, self-respecting, and, as was subsequently see n, of It was voted that more em- have been established for these changed character. Fiji was phasis should be placed on the Koreans, with about 4,000 Chrisspiritual and less on the scholas- once a by-word for bestiality and tic qualifications of candidates; tians, 1,000 of this number being indescribable cruelty, and all the this in view of the fact that sev- baptized church members. horrors of widow – strangling, eral men of outstanding ability had failed in one or more exam- This church as now written cannibalism and infanticide inations last year. its own constitution and creed were commonplace. Today there and set up an organization with is a whole nation transformed, -Christian Observer. and eagerly preparing to cele- something like sessions, Presby- brate the Centenary of Chris- teries or conferences, and a su- preme council. Practically all the cooperating bodies have cor- tianity in those once dark One-Acre Evangelism dially approved the new organ- islands. There is now a Church One of Mr. Kagawa's ventures ization. Six or seven congrega- that has sent its sons and daugh- tions have their buildings paid ters to New Britain, Papua, Solis to establish in various parts of for, and are contributing toward omon Islands and North Aus- Japan, as experiment stations in their workers' support. tralia to preach the Good News keeping with small scale farm- that so marvelously redeemed -Pyengyang News. their own lives. ing and living standards a series of model one-acre farms, tilled Moffett Memorial -The Open Door.

and lived on by Christian farm For some time Korean friends A Discovery in New Guinea experts. The first of these was started a few miles from Tokyo, and on it as tenant and man- of Dr. Samuel Moffett have An Australian anthropologist, ager went a young Christian wished to erect some memorial E. W. P. Chinnery, has reported graduate of the Imperial Agri- as an appreciation of his many his discovery of an area of 5,000 culture School in Tokyo and an years of service. Their first square miles in the interior of instructor therein, with his wife thought was a bronze statue, but New Guinea, inhabited by at and baby. During their three they have deferred to Dr. Mof- least 200,000 savage people who years' residence the acre has fett's wishes in the matter, with have never had any contact been transformed from the usual the result that a very neat and whatever with the outside world.

cluster of one-group rice paddies substantial two-story b ric k On venturing an investigation, into a veritable horticultural building stands at the intersec- the natives were found to be garden, with various sorts of tion of the two streets which quite friendly, much better phys- animal husbandry. Not only skirt the Eastern part of the ical specimens than many of this but the farm is a center of missionary compound. Although their fellow New Guineans. This community life and culture, as not quite finished it was used newly discovered group is with- one may judge from the well- during the meeting of General in British mandated territory.

thumbed library in the home. Assembly to house a remarkable Here is a good opportunity for Every Sunday the little house is Jubilee Exhibit. An interesting pioneer missionary work.

converted into a church where feature a section of wall-paper -Moody Institute Monthly.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I ~,==~~========~========~==~=~, Christianity Tested, Its Significance strange, heavy," and "its doc- Dr. Buck writes out of his own for Modern Missions. By Oscar Macmillan Buck. 257 pages. $2.00. trines are foreign and bewilder- experience as a former mission- The Abingdon Press, New York. ing." (p. 104.) Then, "What ary in India, and his studies as 1934. is it," he asks, "that we have to Professor of Missions and Com- Dr. Oscar M. Buck, Professor give that is unique?" (p. 128.) parative Religion at Drew Theoof Missions in Drew University, He declares that "it is not logical Seminary since 1920. In has undertaken a difficult task- enough to say that the Christian 1925-26, he spent a year in Asia, to show how Christianity looks uniqueness is Christ," as was during eight months of which he to Asiatic non-Christians. He affirmed at the Lausanne and J e- was engaged in evangelistic frankly says that it would be rusalem Conferences. (pp. 129- work among educated non-Chris- "far easier to discover the 130.) Dr. Buck finds the answer tians. In 1930-31 he was again uniqueness of Christianity" to which satisfies him in "the in India as Secretary of the western Christians. But what Christian manner of living." (p. Lindsay Commission on Chrisdoes a non-Christian see? This 139). "What we have to giveis what this book sets out to and all that we have to give-is tian Higher Education. He is show. He guards himself at the the proof of what is unique in outset by saying: the life and religion of Jesus." an ardent advocate and an ear- (p. 230.) This attempt at a philosophy of mis- nest student of foreign missions, based upon what is unique and Is there a contrast here be- sions. Whether his present atdistinctive in Christianity among the tween the religion "of" Jesus and tempt is successful, as an Occiworld's religions and irreligions, has the religion "about" Jesus, the dental Christian to put himself to do only with the first approach to religion of which He is not only the non-Christian. It does not claim the perfect example but the ob- in the other fellow's place and to be a compendium for all that is dis- ject of its faith and worship. As tinctive in Christianity, but only a for "manner of living," it would see Christianity from the viewstatement of that central uniqueness be easy to name men who do not point of an Oriental non-Chriswhich would commend Christianity to believe in Christ at all-agnos- tian, an American is hardly in a the non-Christian without making tics, Jews, Hindus and Buddhists position to decide. Only an edu- Christianity to him at the start a sys- -whose "manner of living" is as cated Asiatic is competent to tem so exotic, so complicated, and so irreproachable as that of Chris- appraise the validity of the auaggressive as to arouse in him the tians. thor's argument. One would will to disbelieve if not the will to like to have the reactions of such counter. (p. 10.) Dr. Buck seems to magnify the men as Chang Po-lin of China, intellectual obstacles to the Kagawa of Japan, Bishop Dorne- He concludes that the mission- spread of Christianity in Asia. kal of India and Boon Boon Itt ary enterprise makes a mistake Such obstacles undoubtedly ex- of Siam. They have not found in emphasizing at the outset the ist, but are they the most for- the central Christian doctrines divine sonship of Christ, His "incomprehensible," nor did that atonement and redemption, great theologian, the late Dr.

which, precious as they are to us midable ones? Whatever they Uemura of Tokyo, who taught who "are heirs of Plato and are, we concur in the declaration these doctrines to hundreds of Plotinus, with Greek id~alism of the Lausanne and Jerusalem his students and preached them based on a metaphysical dualism Conferences that "our message to tens of thousands of Japanese. the framework of our thinking." is Jesus Christ" as He is pre- But Dr. Buck has written a (p. 95.) His ideas are unintelli- sented in the New Testament. remarkably thought – provoking gible to Asiatics who have no This is the message that has won book and one that contains a such background. "The Chris- all the victories that Christianity large amount of valuable matetian missionary enterprise," says has won thus far. The Asiatie rial. Missionaries and secreta- Dr. Buck, "has never taken suffi- delegates to those conferences ries and members of boards ciently to heart this incompre- voted for the statement and its should carefully read it. The hensibility for the Asian of its power has been attested by hun- lack of an index is a defect which doctrines and methods." (p.90.) dreds of thousands of Oriental should be remedied in any fur- The Church, too, he deems "a Christians who have understood ther printing. barrier" as "its organization is it and joyfully accepted it. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[94 ] History of the Korea Mission, Pres- cret of the work that has been China, shows 122 missions under byterian Church in the U. S. A. By carried on with great power various orders of that Church. Harry A. Rhodes, Editor. 682 pp. even through much weakness. Protestant statistics are more 8 vo. $2.00. Published by the Mis- "Certain spiritual factors have difficult to obtain because of the sion. Sold in America by Fleming predominated, viz., prayer, con- many agencies at work. There H. Revell Company, New York. fession, Bible study, worship, are two Australian Societies, 17 1934. witnessing, observance of the British, 66 American, 21 Conti- Lord's Day, revival, giving, tem- nental, with 21 agencies and so- This volume should every- perance and righteous living." cieties that are quite distinctivewhere commend the deep inter- Readers of this history will join ly Chinese, in addition to the est of students of missions. It the missionaries and their Ko- China Inland Mission rated as is the kind of work that needs to rean friends in the earnest hope international and seven educabe done in all fields, putting the that these factors will continue tional agencies not listed among records of the years into perma- in full power in trying days that the others. There are 6,121 nent form. The Presbyterian are sure to come. Protestant missionaries, 481,162 Mission in Chosen has been no- registered Protestant communitable both in methods and in CLELAND B. McAFEE. cants in a partial and incomplete results, leading to the establish- report, with 214,566 others rement of a Church which takes The China Year Book, 1934. Edited ported under instruction. Note itself with great seriousness. by H. G. W. Woodhead. 8 vo. 854 is made of medical, educational, Probably no mission in the world pp. $12.50. Published in China. relief and other forms of work. has tried to put into operation Agents for U. S. A.: University of more thoroughly what is known Chicago Press, Chicago. 1934. Other sections of the volume as the "Nevius Plan" of self-sup- give accurate facts as to the govport and self-government among This sixteenth edition of the ernment and its constitution, so new believers. Dr. Rhodes here China Year Book is even more difficult to obtain elsewhere, railtells the story of the half-cen- elaborate than its predecessors. road, postal and other statistics tury, having had full access to Manchukuo is dealt with in a and programs, and an excellent all records in Chosen itself and special chapter, since the Chi- and informative "Who's Who." in the Mission Board files in nese Government does not exer- It is an invaluable guide to the America during a recent fur- cise at present any authority facts about China. lough. The result is a sumptu- there. A special Year Book covous volume, sold at a surprising- ering Manchukuo is issued in CLELAND B. McAFEE. ly low price to make it available Tokyo. The chapters on Roman to all. In addition to 682 pages and Protestant Missions in China's Problems and Their Solution. of text there are eighty-three China have been brought down By Wang Ching-Wei. 199 pp. $4.50. pages of illustrations from pho- to date by resident writers; China United Press. Shanghai. tographs; most pages contain- there is a new chapter on "The ing two or more pictures. It is Press" and a full account of the This is an authoritative interan unusual and valuable piece of Kuomintang. Data are here pretation of present-day China, work, describing fifty years of available on virtually every as- its revolution, problems and polremarkable achievement. pect of Chinese life and history icies. It is written by one who so that the book should be in might have used the historic After giving the background every public and school library phrase: "All of which I saw and of Korean history, religion and and in the hands of all careful part of which I was"; for the customs, Dr. Rhodes takes up the students of Chinese affairs. author was a collaborator and main theme-the work of grace confidential friend of Sun Yatthrough the mission and the re- The religion of the Chinese is sen, the father of the Chinese sulting Church. The record of discussed in an extended chap- Republic, and since the latter's great revivals and new begin- ter. There are between fifteen death he has been an influential nings is given with balance and and twenty million Moslems in factor in the Government and is careful analysis. The story of China. A few hundred Chinese now president of the Executive cooperative efforts, of diver- Jews are found in Honan, gath- Department of the Government, gence of views regarding some ered around the ruins of a syna- and Minister of Foreign Affairs. points as between field and home gogue built in 1183, rebuilt in He frankly says that "China is office, of movements toward edu- 1488, and now being reclaimed sick and suffering from a series cation of the believers, of the by an Anglican Mission. Most of complications which may' be organizing of the Church and its Chinese accept Confucianism, described as general debility, a many agencies of expansion, of Taoism and Buddhism, all three weak heart and a tumorous medical work, industrial service, at the same time. "The record- growth." (p. 13.) But he firmforeign missions, of the found- ed Roman Catholic population ly believes in the recuperative ing of stations-all this is told today is 2,624,166. Every cor- powers of his country and that, in a way to inspire the reader. ner of this immense Chinese field given reasonable time and free- Missionary-minded pastors and has been planted with a Cross. dom from outside interference, other speakers will rejoice to find New workers come in hundreds China can and will develop a the whole story rich in incidents. every year from Europe and sound and stable government. Effort is made to reveal the se- America." A large statistical He roundly denounces the folder of the Catholic Church in "swashbuckling war-lords" and

"predatory militarist" whose sympathetically told and is an girls are bad; they are more "cruel selfishness" is keeping the excellent supplement to the more sinned against than sinning. country in turmoil. (p. 17.) complete biographies by Mrs. Many have left home for good, He declares that China can no Arthur Parker, Drs. Streeter unselfish reasons, because their more tolerate communists "than and Appasamy and Dr. Heiler of parents could not support them. the existence of poisonous snakes Marburg; the book by Mr. An- But they are ruined or on the and wild beasts." (p. 171.) He drews is an especially well writ- road to ruin for they live by earnestly advocates a policy of ten and satisfying interpretation their wits and brute strengthunification, and he wisely and of the man. tramping, stealing, begging, lyplainly says: "there is only one As is generally known by ing, in promiscuous sex relations course open to us-to put our readers of THE REVIEW, Sundar that sap physical and moral vihouse in order so as to consoli- Singh was a well-born Sikh, and tality. Their only education is date our national strength and had a devout mother and an hon- that which they pick up as chickvitality and thus strengthen the ored father. He went to a Chris- ens pick up grains from the dirt. foundations of peace in the Far tian mission school but lead in Prof. Minehan has interviewed East and in the world beyond it. student opposition to Bible study 1,377 boys and 88 girls of the There is no alternative." (p. 5.) and Christian influence. He was, American "jungle." Most of This is Chinese statesmanship however, a seeker after God and them are American born and so at its best. There is hope for a when about sixteen years of age are their parents. They came nation that has such leaders as had a remarkable vision which from over 22 states. Their ages Wang Ching-Wei and Chiang led to his acceptance of the living ranged from 12 to 21, the aver- Kai-shek. The volume has a Christ. Persecution and ostra- age being about 17 years. Most wealth of information and is cism from his home followed. claimed to be Protestants and 88 handsomely printed and bound, He forsook all, was baptized and had attended Sunday Schools. but the price is rather high for a began to study with missionaries Many had been on the road from book of hardly 200 pages. at Ludhianna and later at La- one to two years. Few had ARTHUR J. BROWN. hore. Finally he decided to be- reached high school. A glossary come a Christian Sadhu-a trav- Sadhu Sundar Singh. By C. F. An- eling witness to Christ and a is needed to interpret some of' servant of all in the name of his their language on the road. drews. 8 vo. 204 pp. $2.00. Harp- ers. New York. 1934. The book is interesting but sad Many· who were acquainted Master. Many and remarkable reading and describes where with Sundar Singh were strong- were his visions and experiences these boys and girls come from; ly impressed with his likeness to -it being difficult at times to where they go, and how; where Christ. This likeness included distinguish between the two. His they sleep and eat; their renot only his Eastern dress and great ambition was to carry the ligious life and standards; their general Oriental appearance but Gospel into Tibet, the closed conversations and sex life. What his quiet self-control, his peace- land, and several times he jour- can be done about it? Unfortuful demeanor, his strength of neyed thither. On his last jour- nately they don't like missions. character, his sacrificial service ney, in 1929, at the age of 34, These boys and girls will not be to any and all who needed his he disappeared and his death is taken in C.C.C. camps and are help, his constant witness to God generally accepted but he has not on relief lists. They need to and the love which drew children left an abiding heritage to the be rescued and put into homes and others to his side. C. F. Christian Church. for their own sake and for the Andrews knew Sundar Singh in- This biographical sketch and sake of humanity before they go timately and is a kindred spirit. interpretation is well worth on spreading moral and physi- In these personal memoirs Mr. reading. It reveals what may cal disease and death. They con- Andrews describes his own con- happen when Christ takes pos- stitute a social evil that will tacts and conversations with the session of an Indian soul. spread if it is not remedied.

Sadhu; he tells of his devotion Boy and Girl Tramps of America. By Navaholand and Zunitown. A Reto Christ and the deathless beau- Thomas Minehan. Illus. 8 vo. 267 port of Christian Reformed Misty and strength of his character. pp. $2.50. Farrar and Rinehart. sions. Htmry Beets. 25 cents.

"Sundar Singh," he writes, "by New York. 1934. Grand Rapids Printing Co. Michihig creative personality, set for- Depression-financial, domes- gan. 1934.

ward a true type for Indian tic and moral-is responsible for This is a story of work among Christians to follow." India many ills, one of the worst of the Indians of New Mexico and would be a new land and the which is its influence on boys Arizona-a work nearly forty Indian Church a nearly ideal and girls. This description of years old and showing much en- church if the devotion, the char- life among vagabond boys and couraging fruitage. There are acter, the spirit that dominated girls is by a young professor schools and hospitals, churches the Sadhu, prevailed in that land from the University of Minne- and Christian homes. These and church. sota who lived among them, dis- brief sketches reveal the power Here is a fascinating, stimu- guised, for three years. The of Christ to transform life so lating biography for anyone to story he tells is shocking, heart- that the good Indians are alive read. The story is simply and rending. Not all the boys and not dead.

New Chain-Reference Bible. But, however mixed their blood, religious leadership, and what a

Compiled and edited by Frank group of Baptists are doing at Charles Thompson. 12 maps. 8 Vo. the culture has become largely Clear Creek Mountain ~prmgs VarlOus styles and prices. B. B. English and most of the de- to help train the mountam Kirkbride Bible Co. Indianapolis. nommations represented were brought over by the ~nglish. preachers. 1934.

The Bible is still the "best Three outstanding characterIs- Dr. Dunn's chapter on "Misseller" in the world and has been tics of the pIOneers stiH prevail sionary and Phi I ant h r 0 pic for at least a century. There in great degree-individuallsm, Schools" is full of informatlOn are translations, editions, anno- emotional instability, and reH- essential to a thorough knowltations, notes and styles almost ance on natural ablllty unaided edge of this phase of the mounwithout number, and the added by special training. The book tain work. If one wishes a commaterial varies greatly in prac- gIves a hIstory of the rise of de- pendium of information about tical value. This Chain-Refer- nominatIOnal1sm and shows that, the religious and educatlOnal ence Bible has many unique and on account of the individuallsm conditions of the mountams, the useful features for Bible stu- of the people, the SImple democ- changes now taking place, and dents-particularly for begin- racy of the l:Saptist Churches be- the many problems facing the ners in deeper study and for came popular and has held the mountain workers, this bOOK will parents and teachers. It is based ascenaency. 'l'he uneducated be a great help. L. C. KELLY. on the King James Version, has preacher and his emotIOnal1sm a self-pronouncing text, good proauced persecution in Virgmia New Books print and I eat her binding. but resulted in granting freedom Among the special features are of worshIp to all. American Family. Faith Baldwin. the chain references by which a The chIef elements in the re- 388 pp. $2. Farrar & Rinehart. subject can be followed through ligious inheritance of the High- New York. the entire Bible. There are also The Christian Fact and Modern lanaers are a strong belief in the Doubt. Geo. A. Buttrick. 301 pp. an analysis of the different real1ty and importance of re- $2.50. Scribners. New York. books, an outline study of Bible liglOn, a fear of the l(.oman Cath- A Christian Manifesto. Edwin Lewis. characters, pictorial maps and 245 pp. $2.00. Abingdon Press. charts, a general index, a text 01lC vhurch, a distrust of all New York. forms or symbols (as being encylopedia, Bible readings, out- Christ and the Congo. Findings of line studies, Bible harmonies, a associated with the Catholic Conferences Held by Dr. John R. Church) , reverence for the Mott. 68 pp. 2s. 1. M. C. London. concordance and atlas. Bound words of the Bible, and a belief with it is Dr. Thompson's own in the supreme importance of Forward in Western China. E. S. system of Bible study with sug- personal salvation. Stewart. 75 pp. lB. C. M. S. Longestions as to the analytical study, the synthetic study, chap- Isolation, poverty, overpopu- don. ter, topical and verse studies. This is the result of thirty-one lation, bad health conditions, and God's Unspeakable Gift. H. A. Ironyears of careful, reverent labor. sides. 192 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & It is adapted to all classes and the slow development of schools Inglis. Glasgow. will be found especially useful are discussed. Lack of social to missionaries, young pastors organizations, the inferior posi- His Book or Structure in Scripture. Norman B. Harrison. 111 pp. 75 and Sunday school teachers. tion of women, and pioneer eth- cents. B. 1. C. A. Chicago. ics are discriminatingly pointed Is He Not Able? Edith F. Norton. out. The report of a funeral ser- 147 pp. $1.00. Bible Institute Col- mon is included in a graphic portage Association, Chicago.

Religion in the Highlands. By Eliza- picture of the preaching of a Ploughed Under. Amy Carmichael. beth R. Hooker. With a section on primitive preacher. The anti- 28. 6d. Illus. 156 pp. S. P. C. K. Missionary and Philanthropic mission and sectarian spirit of London. Schools. By Fannie W. Dunn. 319 pp. $1.00. Home Missions Coun- certain sections are well defined. Race and Economics in South Africa. cil, New York, 1933. The Northeastern Cumberland W. G. Ballinger. 67 pp. 18. 6d.

We are here given an insight Plateau, which comprises much Sun Yat-Sen-His Life and Its Mean- of Eastern Kentucky and some ing. Lyon Sharman. $3.50. 418 to the mountain life and moun- pp. John Day Co. New York. tain problems educationally, and of West Virginia, is shown to be That Strange Man Upon the Cross. religiously. Miss Hooker's divi- the most destitute educationally Richard Roberts. 137 pp. $1.25. sion of the territory of the south- and religiously of all the moun- Abingdon Press. New York.

ern mountains into the North- tain sections. Because of this The Tiger Tamed. R. H. Boyd. 208 western Cumberland Plateau, destitution it has become the fo- pp. 28. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- the Northeastern Cumberland cal center of many people who don. Plateau, the Allegheny Plateau, seek to help the people religious- Unto the Skies. Lilian G. Carleton. the Blue Ridge, the Central ly, educationally, and otherwise. 210 pp. 38. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Ridges, and the Central Valleys, The book gives a fine discussion London. shows a true insight to the great on church houses, missionary Ways of Praying. Muriel Lester. 32 agencies, denominational and in- pp. 35 cents. Cokesbury Press. differences between mountain Nashville. people and their varied prob- dependent schools. It is the only lems. The ancestors of these Word Studies in the Old Testament. people were largely of German, book we know that discusses im- Vol.!. B. A. M. Schapiro. 28 pp. partially the uneducated moun- 50 cents. Hebrew-Christian Pub. English and Scotch Irish stocks. tain preacher, the problem of Society. New York.

—A PROBLEM OR A

HERE IS A CHALLENGE TO YOU I Will you help to spread international understanding and brotherhood?

Dr. Charles W. Iglehart, who has been a missionary in Japan for twenty-Five years, sees the problem presented to Asia and to America. He also sees the challenge and the present opportunity.

Will YOU accept the challenge and make use of the opportunity? HOW? Send for copies of Dr. Iglehart's leaflet and distribute them in your church, your club, your social circle. It is d stirring picture that Dr. Iglehart draws—one to hold the attention and stir to action—useful Cpristian dction. Send 2 cents for a sample leaflet. Then send $1.00 for a hundred more. An American layman was so stirred by this message from Dr. Inglehart that he provided for the publication of a limited number of these leaFiets—with the conFident hope that you will help distribute them.

cSend to THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 1S6 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK AGENTS WANTED CUTS FOR SALE THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Excellent halftone plates and line cuts (undam- can be sold in quantities to aged) used in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW every Missionary Society. It fur- during the past two years. nishes information in brief, in- teresting form for leaders and For sale at one-third the cost. These are val- discussion groups. Why not act uable for loccill or denominational papers. Vivid as our Agent in your church or pictures of life all over the world. community? You can advance the cause of Foreign MisSions, Americ:an Highlands and at the same time can earn Americ:an Indians Afric:ans—Heathen and Christian A Liberal Commission China···Old and New Japan and. Korea • India's Idols and Christians Results in Moslem Lands Address.–Circ:ulation Manager Savages and Saints The Pacific Islanders The Missionary Review of the World • Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa. c8enCi to The Missionary Review of the World Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1932

1932

The Church in'Life of the Nation Newton W. Rowell A Divided Church and Missions Cleland B. McAfee Open Door in Savage New Guinea R. Taeuber Self-Criticisln of Missions Today Oscar MacMillan Buck Student Evangelists in Burlna H. I. Marshall

Items Dates to

KAGAWA'S The Rev. John A. Mackay, D. D., April 29-30-Editorial Council of the formerly a missionary in South Alner- RELIGIOUS PRESS, Washington, D. C. NEW BOOK ica, has been elected a secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the May 2-General Conference of the New LiFe Through God Presbyterian Church. U. S. A. He METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, At- expects to begin his service with the lantic City, New Jersey. Toyohiko Kagawa Presbyterian Board June first, devot- ing June and July to the work of May S-U-Biennial Convention of the Translated by Elizabeth H. Kilburn. Edited, the missions in Guatemala and in YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN Assoand with an Introduction by Kenneth Saunders. The Mexico where he now resides. CIATIONS, Minneapolts, Minn. Japanese teacher and evangelisl gives us a line, peDetrative Btudy of the ali-supplying, all.embracing Btream Dr. Mackay is a native of Scotland May 15-21-CHURCH CONFERENCE OF of Bpiritual life which emanates from God ……. $1.50 and is a graduate of Aberdeen Uni- SOCIAL WORK, Philadelphia, Pa. versity and of Princeton Theological William Owen Carver, D.D. Seminary. At Aberdeen he was honor May 18-Annual Conference, METH- man in Philosophy and in 1915 won a ODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH, Colum- The Course of scholarship in Systematic Theology at bus, Ohio. Christian Missions Princeton. From the Seminary he went to Spain, perfected his knowl- !.lay lS-20-THE COMMUNITY CHURCH A succinct yet comprehensive record which traces edge of Spanish and in 1916 went as WORKERS OF U. S. A., Buffalo, N. Y. the main line of the history and developmelltof Christia. a missionary of the Free Church of MlsaioDB from their beginning to the present day .. $3.00 Scotland to Peru where he founded May 24-28-A GENERAL SYNODICAL the Anglo-Peruvian College. He is the MEETING OF THE REFORMED CHVRCH Charles Allen Clark, Ph.D. author of "The Other Spanish Christ: a Study in the Spiritual History of IN THE U. S., Cleveland, Ohio. Religions of Old Korea Spain and South America." May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- These studios have behind them nearly thirty years *** TERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A., of painstaking rosear"h on the pari of their compiler. A noteworthy study of an Important theme……. . Rev. L. Bentley, missionary of the * . . Denver, Colo.

._…………………………..1lIuatrated, $2.50 Presbyterian Church at Hamadan, * W. Reginald Wheeler Persia, has been selected to organize A Correction. In our March issue an error was made in stating that The Words of God in an the Sunday School work of Persia. Rev. Dr. L. Myron Boozer of Iowa, AFrican Forest: … … had been elected president of the … Board of National Missions of the The Story of the West African Mlsaion Presbyterian Church and Miss Ann E. JEAN KENYON MACKENZIE Bays: "A re- Dr. Conrad Hoffmann, secretary of Taylor, vice·president. It should have the International Committee on the been stated that Dr. Boozer was counting of the deeds of Christian adventurers _ _ _ Christian Approach to the Jews, and elected chairman, and Miss Taylor heroic and illustrious, shining out in lonoly places __ Dr. J. S. Conning, chairman of its vice-chairman of the National Staff a great contribution 10 Missionary literature." …. $3.00 North American Committee, have re- which met in Columbus, Ohio, in Jan- cently made a tour in the Middle West uary. This Staff is composed of the Arthur Judson Brown, D.D. and Pacific Coast States to form per- Staff Officers of the National Board manent local committees to undertake and the Executives of Synods and The Foreign Missionary the work of the committee in its area. especially designated presbyteries. Dr. Hoffmann is spending some A new and thoroughly revised edition of a missionary months in Great Britain and then *** elassic. Dr. Brown has brought his line study right goes to the Continent and to the Near up to date, and (if that were possible) lacreased ils A Correction-Dr. Judd's Address. value and significance………………….. Net $2.00 East. It should have been stated in con- nection with the reIJQrt of the address J. C. Winslow and Verrier Elwin *** of Dr. Walter H. Judd of China, be- fore the Student Volunteer Conven- Gandhi•' TInhdei.anDawFrneeodfom A. Victor Murray, of England, has tion in Buffalo, that the article as recently gone to Nigeria, at the invi- printed in the Review was made up of KIRBY PAGE says: "Few Britishers are SO well tation of the missionary societies in portions of the stenotype report which qualified to interpret the sigailicance of Mahatma Gandhi Southern Nigeria, to consult with the Dr. Judd had not had an opportunity to correct. This address, as corrected as are the authors of this volumea Here is an iB- (Continued on 3rd Cover) by him, is being published in the re- port of the Convention, and in a spevlgorating volume for all persons who are concerned cial leaflet put out by the Student about the future of Christianity in the Orient." …$1.50 Volunteer Movement.

Charles Ernest Scott, D.D.

*Chinese Twice-Born A group of authentic, Individual records, each and aU oC which discover the Gospel of salvation, operative In the life of a Chinese ChristilUl …………….$1.50 Indian Work .~ .JL. ~- TH-E-B- OA-R- D -O- F ~ FO~R~ EI~ GN~~ M~ IS~ SIO~N~ S .~ ..sz.., Lereine Ballantyne DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES Spirit Fire YOUR GIFT NOW A Story of the Petum Indians A graphic, absorbing pleinre is rendered of Indian liCe in a day when dreams were reg.rd.d~as being 'aU-important and a vigilant search maintained for the Tree oC Life ………………………………$1.50 Warren Eugene Crane WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE Totem Tales: GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN Indian Legends Prepared for Childroll Mr. Crane has devoted more than sixteen years to a INCOME FOR LIFE careful study of Indian lore, and knows his 8ubject ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK thoroughly……….. , ., ……………………$1.00 Fleming H. Revell Company New York – 158 Fifth Avenue PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

It' is cheering to hear words DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor of appreciation of the REVIEW in its new form-such as the fol- Vol. LV Ap,ril, 1932 No.4 lowing: Page We are more and more con- FRONTISPIECE-The Hon. Newton W. Rowell, K. C., LL. D…… . vinced of the usefulness of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE TOPICS OF THE TIMES ………………………………… 195 WORLD and we urge its reading India in the Balance Efforts for Peace in the Far East everywhere possible. Threatened Danger in Asia Missions and "War" in China AMELIA D. KEMP, Fifty-four Years Young Executive Secretary of the Women's Missionary Society THE CHURCH IN THE LIFE OF THE NATION., …….•…….. 199 of the United Lutheran Church. By the Hon. Newton W. Rowell. K.C .• LL.D.• leader in the Liberal Party I bought *a co*py*of THE RE- in Ontario; member of the International Missionary Council VIEW at the Florida Chain of A DIVIDED CHURCH AND MISSIONARY EFFORT …………. 202 Assemblies in January. It ap- By the Rev. Cleland B. McAfee. D.D.• LL.D.• author of "Changing Forpeals to me as the best maga- eign Missions"; Secretary of the Board of Foreign MissionSi :Presby- terian Church. U. S. A. zine' of the kind I have ever read. It inspires me and gives AN OPEN DOOR IN SAVAGE NEW GUINEA ………………. 205 me hope to continue with church By the Rev. R. Taeuber. Executive Secretary of the American Lutheran work. Mission in New Guinea MRS. CHARLES M. FISHER, SELF-CRITICISM OF MISSIONS TODAY ……….. ~" . . . . . . . . .. 209 Miami, Florida. By the Rev. Oscar MacMHlan Buck. D.D., author of "India Looks' to *** to , ',Her Future"; Professor of Missions and Comparative Religion at be allowed Drew University Might I say how STUDENT EVANGELISTS IN BURMA …………………….. 213 captivated I am with the new By the Rev. H. I. Marshall. Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society at Il)selri. Burma fDrm and dress of THE MISSION- ARY REVIEW. The March num- DO OUR MISSIONARY HYMNS NEED REVISION? ………… 216 ber has just been placed on my By the Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer. D.D.. Editor of The Moslem World; Professor of Missions and Comparative Religion. Princeton Theodesk and it is most attractive, logical Seminary and I, with its many subscribers, hope that it will continue to serve an ever widening circle of THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA ………. 219 interested readers. By the Rev. Warren H. Wilson. D.D.. Secretary of the International Association of Agricultural Missions; Town and Country Work. MAMIE C. G. FRASER, Presbyterian Board of National Missions Secretary of the Women's Missionary Society, HINDUISM VB. CHRISTIANITy………………………….. 226 United Church of Canada. By the Rev. J. Harry Cotton. D.D.. Pastor of the Broad Street Presby- terian Church. Columbus, Ohio, and Joseph Oook Lecturer to India, *** 1931-32 Look for These CHRIST'S METHOD OF EVANGELISM ………………….. " 227 "The Mother of a Thousand Chi- nese Girls" By Dr. Sam Higginbottom. Principal of the Allahabad Agricultural In- stitute; author of "The Gospel and the Plow in India" The story of Donaldina Cameron and her heroic work for A CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY TO MORMONS-William Mitchell Paden …………………………………………….. 229 Chinese girls in San Francisco by Dr. Arthur J. Brown. By the Rev. A. J. Montgomery. D.D., Department of Alaska. Indians and Mormons. ,Board of National Missions. Presbyterian Church. "On the Edge of the Great U. S. A. ,I" Closed Land" The story of Moravian work THE POWER OF INl)lA'S WOMEN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 230 in the mountains of Lesser Tibet by Bishop Arthur Ward. By E. Marie Holmes. Principal of the Girls' Boarding School of the American Baptist Mission at Ganhati, Assam "A Missionary's Critics" EFFECTIVE WAYS O-F WORKING ……………………….. 233 Some interesting observations Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison by Dr. Paul W. Harrison of Arabia. WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN… . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 237 Edited by Anne Seesholtz and Florence G. Tyler "How Can Christians Win the OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK …………………………… 241 Jews?" A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events An address by Dr. John S. OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF………………………… 253 Conning, the national leader in wDrk for Hebrews in America. Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information "Are Missions Too Expensive?" Publicatio)l Office 40 S. Meridian St.• Indianapolis, Indiana A study by Dr. Cleland B. Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue. New York City McAfee who knows the cost and Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis. Ind., under Act of the results from many angles. March 3, 1879.

"Can Mr. Gandhi Save India?" 25 cents a c':'py-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year By an Indian Christian who Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the sees more than one side of the MISSIONARY REVIEW: PUBLISHING CO., INC. question. Board of Directors WHAT SUBJECT WOULD ROBERT E. SPEER. President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MILTON J. STAUFFER YOU LIKE TO HAVE WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD A. L., WARNSHUIS PRESENTED? WALTER MCDOUGALL. Treasurer SAMUEL M. ZWEMER WM. B.' LIPPHARD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ERIC M. NORTH

HONORABLE NEWTON W. ROWELL, K.C., LL.D., OF

President of the Toronto General Trnsts Corporation: Liberal Leader in Ontario's Legislature, Delegate to First Assembly of League of Nations, Member of the International Missionary Council. (See article page 199.)

NARY

RJ3VIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FouR APRIL, 1932 Topics of the Times INDIA IN THE BALANCE of the All-India Nationalist Congress to speak for India has been denied and strict police and mili- Keen disappointment was felt in all circles be- tary measures have been adopted to maintain law cause of the failure of the second Round Table and order. Conference in London to bring peace in India. It was hoped that the presence of Mr. Gandhi and Great Britain has clearly asserted her willingthe friendly attitude of Lord Irwin and Premier ness to grant India dominion status and to turn MacDonald might help to solve the difficult prob- over control of various departments as soon as lem of India's future government and her rela- practicable. Committees are already working tion to the British Empire. Mr. Gandhi went out various problems with the help of cooperathome disappointed and found India seething with ing Indians and the Viceroy has summoned modunrest and lawlessness in Bengal and the North- erate leaders who were prepared to confer on fuwest Provinces. ture plans. Many Moslems and other Indians are supporting the government in their efforts to The great obstacle to immediate self-govern- maintain peace and are ready patiently to work ment or full dominion status as a part of the Bri- out a satisfactory plan of cooperation. A sign of tish Empire seems to be the inability of Indian the times is evident in the appointment of women Hindus, Moslems, "untouchables" and various mi- to take the place of Nationalist Congress leaders nority groups to agree on representation and gov- who have been arrested. An eighteen-year-old ernmental control. The leaders of all classes in Brahmin woman has been appointed dictator of India agree in seeking self-government, but the the Poona Youth League and another Brahmin Moslems fear the overwhelming plurality of 238,- woman is dictator of the Maharashta Congress. 000,000 Hindus; the Hindus fear the warlike Women are also taking part in the violent revoluspirit of 77,000,000 Moslems, and the 50,000,000 tionary activities in Bengal. "untouchables" and other minorities are not willing to trust their fate to either great party; con- Mr. Gandhi stands for many commendable sequently they have been unable to agree on any ideals-including the abolition of child marriage, plan of representation and control. Moslems and of "untouchability," of the drink and drug traffic Hindus seem ready to attempt self-government, and of violence-but he is antagonistic to the only hoping to work out their problems without Bri- existing political government at present capable tish help. Great Britain, however, feels a re- of maintaining peace in India, and is opposed to sponsibility for the peace of India and is not ready the only spiritual power that can bring life and to risk the destruction of the peace, prosperity, satisfaction to his fellow countrymen, through civilization, and institutions she has built up Jesus Christ as divine Lord and Saviour. through a century and a half of effort. THREATENED DANGER IN ASIA Mr. Gandhi returned to India and urged wide civil disobedience, boycott and non-cooperation China's great affliction and Europe's preoccuwith the Indian Government. This program can- pation have offered the dominant military party not be carried out with non-violence and already in Japan an opportunity to strike a blow at China. several serious disturbances have occurred. At This is in spite of strong opposition within Japan Bombay the "depressed classes" made demonstra- itself. While there may have been provocation in tions against Mr. Gandhi, who claims to be their the disturbances in Manchuria and in the insecurchampion. As one inevitable result of the rejec- ity of Japanese life and property in China, nevertion of British proposals and the campaign of civil theless the Japanese are not justified in ignoring disobedience Mr. Gandhi and other nationalist treaty obligations or in allowing the militarists leaders have again been imprisoned. The right to invade the territory of their neighbor, regard- [195]

less of the consensus of world opinion as repre- cil asked Christian bodies in every country "to sented in the League of Nations. Intelligent Chi- implore the governments concerned to use for- nese and other clear-visioned observers on the field bearance and to settle disputes by peaceful means, acknowledge ignorance, rashness, selfishness and renouncing the use of force." This message was foolishness of many Chinese leaders which are transmitted to the representative Christian bodies largely responsible for political and economic dis- in Europe.

orders. These hinder the efforts to establish a It is reported from Japan that last October the stable government, but Japan's economic and na- Japanese police suppressed an entire edition of a tional interests could have been maintained by more peaceful means and by the promotion of magazine in which Dr. Kagawa appealed to a betfriendly cooperation. ter method than war for the solution of Man- churian problems. The government endeavored China, with over 400,000,000 people, offers a to protect Dr. Kagawa's life from assaults which wonderful market and a valuable friend for a might have resulted from his efforts to stem the friendly neighbor. China may be divided but will tide of the war sentiment. All who know him not be easily conquered, though she may suffer realize that he is not afraid of death, but that he greatly. If the League of Nations and America is wise and patriotic and self-restrained. A bold fail to effect her rescue at this crisis, her people anti-militaristic stand by any Christian individwill not only feel bitterly toward the enemy who ual or group would merely feed the fires of milihas attacked her, and toward those who stand idly tant patriotism ablaze in Japan. Dr. Kagawa by and see her despoiled, but China may turn has engaged the services of a full-time peace again to Communistic Russia and accept her god- worker, and has announced world peace as less program or she may naturally conclude that another of the definite goals of his "Friends of strong armaments and a militaristic policy are Jesus" and the Kingdom of God Movement. her only safeguard. If the Chinese people, com- Motoichiro Takahashi, an ardent peace advocate, prising nearly one-fourth the human race, be- is undertaking to promote a program for changcome fully militarized and seek revenge by force ing the attitudes of the coming generations in of arms they will menace the earth. In the mean- world relations even if the present war temper time outward attacks are healing many internal of the Japanese is beyond his influence. disorders and in this respect may prove a blessing in disguise. The patriotic fervor exhibited by If the settlement of international disputes were all classes, especially by students, has reached a left to Christians, there would be no wars, but it boiling point. If Christian institutions in China is difficult for Christians to exert sufficient direct and the Christian missionary forces can succeed influence to change the course of their governin teaching the Chinese wisdom and self-control; ments. Their responsibility is to educate and if they can promote the Christian spirit, while at agitate for international goodwill, for the extreme the same time they develop loyalty to country and limitation of armaments, for discarding aggresto treaty obligations; if America and Europe will sive policies and for peaceful methods of settling stand for justice and honor and will adequately controversies. The value of treaties, of league befriend afflicted China at this time, the effect will covenants and of world courts is now being tested. change the course of history-not only for China Will these agreements that have been entered into but for Asia and for the world. Evidently the by government representatives influence future Christian task in Asia is not yet completed. national action, when such a course seems to be against a nation's material interests? Is such a EFFORTS FOR PEACE IN THE FAR EAST provision as was adopted in Article XVI of the League of Nations Covenant to be disregarded Times of conflict and difficulty are opportuni- because it may injure trade or involve economic ties for Christians to show the Spirit of their loss? Great progress has been made in the past Master. When the Chinese crisis was at its be- half century in the settlement of racial, economic, ginning, President Chiang Kai Shek called a national and international disputes, for certain group of Christians to meet for prayer in Nan- moral rights and ethical prinCiples are acknowl- king, and his wife held daily prayer meetings with edged today, which were formerly ignored in a group of Christian women. The National dealing with weaker nations or groups, and the Christian Councils of China and Japan ex- machinery has at least been set up to deal with changed friendly messages advocating patience these questions. But selfish human nature has and asking for fellowship in prayer. Christians not radically changed and the only hope for the in America and England have joined in this establishment of God's Kingdom among men is world-wide fellowship of prayer. A cablegram through the new life and power that comes sent in February by the National Christian Coun- through the living Christ, taking possession of the cil of Japan to the International Missionary Coun- individual.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

MISSIONS AND "WAR" IN CHINA in Hongkew where St. Luke's Hospital is also lo- The sympathy of the civilized world is largely cated. A shell burst on the grounds of the Shangwith China in the present struggle against the Japanese invasion. This is in spite of past and hai University (Baptist) on WInhlaanngdpMooisRsiiovner~obmu­t present disturbances in China that have involved did no damage. The China widespread destruction of foreign property and have often included the abuse and death of for- pound in Hongkew was recently sold and the headeigners and of Chinese Christians. Foreign aggression, misunderstandings and false ideas have quarters moved to the International Settlement. caused much suffering, but strong nations must deal patiently with one that is weak or in a state The Bible societies lost valuable plates and books of transition. Like Russia, China is today trying a great experiment in reconstruction but un- in the destruction of the Commercial Press in Chapei. The Presbyterian Mission Press, which was also damaged, had recently oeen sold. The Southern Methodists have valuable property in Hongkew but no serious damage has been re- ported.

like Russia, the leaders of China have not adopted 2. American missionaries thus far have not rea godless philosophy and are not endeavoring to ported personal losses. Many of them have been disturb the social and economic status of other busily engaged in relief and rescue work, and a countries. If bandits, disorganized groups of sol- Southern Baptist missionary, Miss Rose Marlowe, diers and other lawless elements have caused was roughly handled by Japanese irregulars when damage to Japanese life and property, this is due she was visiting mission property. Many missionto unsettled conditions and is not chargeable to ary women and children, under advice of the ~AumseirhicaanndconZsaunlz, ohkav(estaletifotnsNaonnkinthge SYoaoncghtosw~ the Chinese people as a whole or to the government. RIver) and have temporarily taken threefiurO~"oestsin. Shanghai. The men have remained at The Japanese armed invasion of Manchuria has resulted in the establishment of an autonomous Chinese government under the former "Boy Em- The Bible Training School for Women, conducted peror," Henry Pu-yi, under Japanese protection, by Miss Parmenter (formerly of Nanking), is in and separated from the national government the Kiangwan section, which was occupied by the Japanese, so that the pupils and teachers were (Kuomintang) and without reference to the will moved to the China Inland Mission headquarters of the residents of Manchuria. The Japanese invasion of Shanghai has been carried forward in the International Settlement. Women and children have also moved from Shanghai Univerin spite of the protests of American and Euro- sity, on the Whangpoo River about four miles pean governments and has brought death to thousands of Chinese and destruction to millions of east from Shanghai center, and the nurses of st. dollars worth of property. It has also endan- ?"ered the lives and property of many foreigners Luke's Hospital, conducted by the Protestant III an~ out of the Foreign Settlement, one part Episcopal Church in Hongkew, were obliged to of WhICh (Hongkew) was made a base for Jap- move the patients to St. John's University in Jessanese military operations. field (west of Shanghai). Apparently st. John's was not opened after the Chinese New Year holi- A letter from the REVIEW to American mission days. Missionaries have also been obliged to boards having work in the Shanghai area and in leave their apartments in Young Allen Court, Manchuria asked the following questions: Hongkew.

. 1. Has any of your mission property been damaged 3. Many Chinese Christians in Shanghai have III the recent Japanese-Chinese conflict or your work inter- suffered the loss of their homes, their business, rupted? their personal property and their churches in 2. Have any of your missionaries left their stations on Hongkew, Chapei and Kiangwan. Many refugees account of the present disturbance? have not been heard from and other Christians have doubtless been members of the Chinese 3. Have any Chinese Christians in your mission suf- army. Chinese members of the Young Men's and fered because of the Japanese military activity?

4. ~as. the present conflict and the outlook changed your mlsslOnary program in China? Young Women's Christian Association staffs have Answers received to date from twelve boards suffered; both the foreign and Chinese members give the following information: are busily engaged in relief work for refugees, thousands of whom are in the International settle- 1. Practically the only mission properties re- ment and in the French Concession. ported damaged in Shanghai are Chinese churches in Chapei and Hongkew districts. Some of these 4. The mission boards look upon the present are connected with the Christian and Missionary disturbance as temporary and plan no change fn Alliance (whose headquarters were in Chapei); their policy in China. The unrest has caused de- others belong to the Protestant Episcopal mission lay in building the new St. Luke's Hospital and

other forward movements have been hindered; the the Nominating Committee, the following Difinancial losses of Chinese Christians may mean rectors were elected to serve for the ensuing year: curtailment in expenses, but the present crisis clearly shows the need for more earnest spiritual Dr. Robert E. Speer, President-Executive Secretary of work in China and in Japan; the China Inland the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, U. S. A. Mission and others report increased evangelistic opportunity around Shanghai. Dr. Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Vice-President-Secretary, Board of Foreign Missions, Reformed Church in America. The only American societies having work in Manchuria are the Presbyterians, the Methodists, Walter McDougall, T1'easurer-Manufactul'er, New the United Church of Canada and the Y. M. C. A. York. and Y. W. C. A. The Methodist and Presbyterian work is among Koreans near the eastern Man- Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary and Editor. churian border and in Harbin. Y. M. and Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, President of the Council of Women Y. W. C. A. work has been somewhat interfered for Home Missions. with by the Japanese demand that activities close Dr. Samuel McCrea Cavert, General Secretary, Federal before dark. The work among Koreans has also Council of Churches of Christ in America. been more difficult. The foreign workers have re- Rev. Wm. B. Lipphard, Secretary, American Baptist mained at their posts to encourage and strengthen Foreign Mission Society. their people in danger and distress. Dr. Eric M. North, Secretary, American Bible Society. Dr. Milton T. Stauffer, Pastor, Reformed Church, New The situation in eastern Asia, in India and Brunswick, N. J. throughout the world is convincing evidence of Dr. A. L. Warnshuis, American Secretary, International the supreme need for extending the sway of Missionary Council. Christ over the hearts and lives of men of every Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, Editor of THE MOSLEM race and nation. Christians in Japan and China, WORLD and Professor of Missions at Princeton Theoin America and England are earnestly praying logical Seminary. and working for peace, not only through disarmament and treaties but through united prayer and During the past year one of the original memeducation, and by the manifestation of the Spirit bers of the Board, Mr. Fleming H. Revell, entered of Jesus Christ whose realm knows no national into Rest and left a vacancy difficult to fill. Two or racial boundaries. stockholders, Mrs. Margaret B. Fowler and Mrs. Wm. Reed Thompson, and a valued friend and FIFTY-FOUR YEARS YOUNG member of the Editorial Council, Dr. Fennell P. Turner, also have rested from their labors. For over half a century THE REVIEW has served the missionary cause as an independent and evan- The main features of the Annual Meeting were gelical magazine with a world-wide outlook. No three addresses-by the President of THE REone can tell the number of volunteers who have VIEW, by the Rev. Jay S. Stowell, Publicity Secrebeen led, through reading THE REVIEW, to de- tary of the Board of Home Missions and Church vote their lives to missionary service; or the num- Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and ber of pastors and other Christians stimulated to by the Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D. D., of Princetake a deeper interest in the work of the King- ton. Dr. Speer spoke of "Some Current Missiondom; or how much prayer and giving has been ary Problems and their Solution." Mr. Stowell promoted by reading one or more of the 5,000 reviewed the present conditions in the United articles printed. That such results have followed States as created or indicated by poverty, neglect the publication is abundantly shown by personal and irreligion. He pointed out the tremendous testimonies and by correspondence. Wide influ- importance of the Home Mission enterprise and ence has also been exerted through the many quo- the need for regenerating many neglected areas tations and translations printed in magazines in in American life. Dr. Zwemer's stimulating admany lands. dress on "Missions in the Mohammedan World" was illustrated with stereopticon views. For the past sixteen years and a half THE RE- VIEW has been controlled by an interdenomina- In the present crisis in Christian life and work tional Board of Directors, whose chairman from at home and abroad it is especially important that the first has been Dr. Robert E. 'Speer and the faith in the Word of God and in the Son of God; Treasurer, Mr. Walter McDougall. At the recent emphasis on the spiritual resources and prayer; Annual Meeting, held on the afternoon of Febru- setting forth the need for united action among ary 11th, a large number of stockholders and other Christians of every name, under the guidance of friends gathered at 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. the 'Spirit; advocacy of sacrificial service and a After reports by the Secretary, the Treasurer, and forward movement policy-for all of which THE REVIEW stands and has stood for over half a cen- tury-that these should be continually held up be- fore the Church and should be the guiding prin- ciples of the coming generation. There is need for such an evangelical, interdenominational, inde- pendent magazine.

Church In the Life of the Nation*

By the HON. NEWTON W. ROWELL, K. C. I Toronto, Canada I~"

~========~==~==~~~==~============~ W E are living in one of the m.ost interesting measureable degree in improving the condition of periods of human history. The marvel- the masses of the Russian people, the results will ous discoveries of science are giving us not be confined to Russia, but its repercussions an ever-expanding universe, but an ever-contract- will be felt throughout the world. It is a great ing world. We have been thinking in the past in constructive, as well as destructive, experiment, the terms of countries, or continents or :nationali- and if it must be tried out, one is glad that it is ties. Now, we must think in being tried out elsewhere than world terms, for we are living History affords no parallel to on this continent. in a world era. The last war the present world situation- In China, where dwells onewas truly a world war-and especially in the reconstructhe first world war-for all the tion going on in Russia and in fourth of the human race with great nations were involved in China. We must 'have a world no common language which all it, and it affected every human outlook or we will be left be- can understand, with no modbeing on this planet. Now we hind. The Christian Church ern systems of transportation have a world court to settle dis- has a responsibility in nation- to connect the widely sepaputes between nations; we al and international affairs. rated parts of their country, have a world bank at Basle to Shall militarism or national- unaccustomed to self-governdeal with problems of world ism or atheism or Christian ment, we are witnessing the finance; and we have a world principles prevail? The for- spectacle of a great people endisarmament conference. We mer president of the Council deavoring to change fundamust have a world outlook. of the Government of Canada, mentally their political, eco- Transportation and communi- a leader in national and inter- nomic, educational and social cation are making of the na- national statesmanship, and a institutions in the short space tions one great community. member of the International of a few years. History af- Missionary Council effectively fords no parallel. It is a task While we are pas sin g shows the importance of the for supermen and if the results through an acute depression in Christian Church in national are disappointing to them and the business cycle, we are, at to us, we need not be surthe same time, witnessing life. prised. We must, however, fundamental changes in the po- recognize the great signifi- litical and economic structure cance of the Chinese revolution of society. One might illustrate these changes on the rest of humanity. Notwithstanding the by reference to Russia, China, India, and, to some civil wars and banditry, the Chinese are essen- extent, Germany. I shall content myself with tially a peaceable people, and if they find they referring to Russia and ChiI).a. cannot defend their frontiers or secure redress Russia is trying out one of the greatest politi- of their grievances, save by force, they have the cal and economic experiments in history. While courage, the energy and persistence to arm them- we do not accept either the political or economic selves and endeavor to secure by force what they theories of the Soviets and are fundamentally op- cannot secure by right. The situation in China posed to their attitude toward religion, we must, is one of the world's great problems today.

nevertheless, recognize that the success or fail- In the midst of these great movements and ure of the Russian experiment will have a pro- others, one might mention there is developing an found effect upon the course of human history. extreme form' of political and economic national- If the Russian experiment should succeed to a ism which is tending to separate the peoples of • An address g;ven at the annual meeting of Home Missions Council. the world into competing and hostile groups. Toronto. January 5. 1932. This extreme, political nationalism is expressing (199]

itself in increasing armaments, and extreme eco- Second: To Christianize our ecclesiastical renomic nationalism, in mounting tariffs that are no lations. The Church, divided as it is today, is longer merely for protection but are primarily wholly unequal to the task of grappling with and for the exclusion of the products of other nations. overcoming the forces arrayed against her. In Whole nations appear to be under the delusion view of the magnitude of the problems which the that they can continue to export without import- Church is facing, how is it possible to justify the ing. They appear to be losing sight of the funda- expenditure of time, energy and money by differmental fact that trade is essentially barter-na- ent denominations in the same community comtions cannot, in the long run, sell, unless they are peting with each other, when the time and energy of one would serve the community better and reprepared to buy. lease the remaining resources of men and money for other and more important tasks. How can One of the disastrous results of the last great the Church speak with the voice of authority to war, and of the growing political and economic a disturbed and distracted world so long as the nationalism of the past ten years, is seen in the several branches of the Church continue to spend present world-wide depression, in which millions their energies in competing with one another, have food to sell and cannot find buyers, and mil- rather than in facing together the common task? lions in need of food have not the money with Never was the need greater than at the present hour that the whole Church should pray the which to purchase it. From these results we can- prayer of Our Lord "That they all may be one . . . that the world may believe that thou has not escape until we remove some of the contrib- sent me." uting causes. Third: To Christianize our social and eco- When the last war was fought it was said to nomic relations. What is the Christian attitude be a "war to end war," and men who gave up toward business? Surely the great objective their lives fondly believed their sacrifice would should not be what it is-simply to make money not be in vain, and yet all the great powers are regardless of the methods by which it is made! spending substantially more on armaments today The Church must proclaim that in business as in than they did in 1913. These increased arma- morals there is a fundamental right and wrongments not only add to the burden of taxation, man should practice the right and ~,' ld the which is weighing down upon the peoples of most wrong. lands, but they increase suspicion and distrust among nations. Everywhere there is fear, in- What is the Christian attitude toward the restead of faith, distrust instead of confidence, and lations of labor and capital? Surely it cannot be the very foundations of our political, economic, that of class war! It must be that of cooperation social and religious institutions are being chal- between the two, recognizing the fundamental lenged as never before. rights and privileges of every human being.

In the midst of the confusion, one hears on Fourth: To Christianize our racial relations. every hand the increasing proclamation of a Millions of people repeat daily Our Lord's Prayer, purely materialistic interpretation of life. and how frequently those who pray fail to appre- ciate the significance of the petition "Our Father" What Shall the Church Do? and of the truth of the declaration of St. Paul, "That God has made of one blood all nations of Under these conditions, w/w,t is the place and men for to dwell on all the face of the earth." function of the Church in the life of the nation? The Church should set its face steadfastly against all racial prejudices, and seek to remove these First: So to present the life and teachings of prejudices by the proclamation of the Gospel of Christ that men may choose that Way of Life. It human brotherhood. is revolutionary teaching-it was revolutionary in the first century. It was said of the first Chris- Fifth: To Christianize our international relatian leaders that they were "turning the world tions. No emotions are more easily stirred than upside-down." It would be .revolutionary in the those of national animosity, and no emotions are present century, and if put into practice the less Christ-like. The Church must set its face charge against its leaders would be the same as against the unreasoning nationalism which would nineteen centuries ago. cultivate ill-will towards other people, and pro- claim the Gospel of Goodwill. The world is so The world is cursed with selfishness, individual shrunken in size that our humanity is now one and national. We expect it and suspect it every- great community and the nation state is no longer where. It lies at the very root of our troubles. an adequate organization to meet the needs of hu- One of our greatest needs is a new birth of unselfishness, where the joy of life will be found in service, not in self-gratification. "For whosoever will save his life shall lose it, but whosoever will lose his life for my sake the same shall save it."

THE CHURCH IN THE LIFE OF THE NATION

man society. It is essential that there shQuld be of Canada herself and of all other creditor CQunsome system of organized cQoperation among the tries if inter-governmental war debts and repara- nations for the preservation of peace. It is fQr tions were entirely cancelled. I believe it would this purpQse that the League of Nations and World give the world new hope and new courage, and Court have been established, and they have al- start the wheels of industry moving again. The ready made a great contribution to international creditor nations would, in the end, gain vastly cooperation and to world peace. I am not here tQ- more by the improvement in their own industrial night to appeal particularly fQr the League of Na- and economic condition as part of the general tions or the World Court, but I submit the reSPQn- world recovery, than they could possibly lose by sibility rests .on those who are not prepared to the cancellation of these debts. accept these organizations as instruments for international cooperatiQn and the preservation .of Existing military armaments are inconsistent peace to devise some other and better methQd with the Christian conception and ideal of interwhich all can accept. Organized international co- national relations. It would appear tQ be essenoperation is essential, if our civilization is to sur- tial that these armaments should be reduced if vive. Our experience and belief in Oanada is that humanity's fears are to be allayed and its burdens in the League of Nations and in the Permanent lightened and peace made possible. Court of International Justice we have suitable organizations fQr internatiQnal cQQperation,' which, Under existing conditions tariffs, formerly prothe more fully they are availed by the nations, tective, are, as I have already said, becoming exthe more adequately they will meet the world's clusive. They are driving nations apart in need. thought, sentiment and feeling, and are tending to make some nations bankrupt. The tariff ques- The United States has been represented .on the tian is ceasing to be purely an economic question; Permanent Court by one of its most distinguished it is becoming a moral one, affecting the welfare jurists ever since the Court was organized. The of humanity. There must be substantial reduc- President has nQW signed the Protocol for adher- tion in tariffs if international trade is to be reence of the United States to the Court, and it is vived. before the Senate for ratification. May one express the earnest hope that the United States, The task of the Church was never greater, which led the way in the movement for the cre- never more urgent, never more inspiring. I know ation of the Permanent Court, may soon become of no agency which can make so large or so valua member of that Court, and thus add greatly able a contribution to the permanent solution of tQ its prestige and strength. these grave and menacing problems as the Church. While these problems in many of their The Burden .of War aspects are political and economic, they are funda- mentally moral and religious-not that the Church As a result of the last great war the world is should attempt, in its corporate capacity, to solve struggling under a burden of inter-governmental these problems, but it clearly is the mission of the war debts and of reparation obligations which Church to create that atmosphere of brotherhood the debtor nations are incapable of discharging. and of goodwill among all peoples, which would Canada is one of the creditor nations in respect of not only make the solution of these problems posreparations, and she is not a debtor nation in re- sible, but would insist that the problems should spect of inter-governmental war debts. She in- be solved in the spirit and atmQsphere of .goodwill curred enormous obligations during the great war, and of brQtherhQQd. I can imagine no finer or but, like the United States, she owes these obliga- greater opportunity for service tQ the nation and tions to her own people. I have no hesitation in to the world than that enjoyed by the Christian saying that I believe it would be in the interests minister of today, for in his message lies human- ity's greatest hQpe for the future.

"0 tender Shepherd, climbing rugged mountains, And wading waters deep, How long wouldst thou be willing to go homeless To find the straying sheep?

"'I count no time,' the Shepherd gently answered, As thou dost count and bind .

The days in weeks, the weeks in months and years; I seek until I find, "'And that will be the limit of my journey.

I cross the waters deep, And climb the hillsides with unfailing patience Until I find my sheep.'''

A Divided Church and

Effort By the REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D. D., LL. D., ..:{ New York ):..

Author of" Changing Foreign Missions"

W ITH all zeal for a closer fellowship among rates brother from brother. Nobody wants the churches it must be admitted that the this kind of division and those who still best modern missionary work has been believe in the existence of denominations mean done by a divided Church. Where the Roman that the spiritual unity of Christian broth- Catholic Church has had undisputed sway in ill- erhood shall be maintained. If this can be troducing Christianity the 're- done, the rest will take care of suIts do not make one wish for itself.

such possibilities too widely. Is denominationalism the Moreover, the mission field On the whole, a healthier and "scandal of Christendom" at is the scene of many helpful more vigorous religious life home or abroad or are the di- movements toward union and results in lands where the visions a necessary expres- of a vast amount of coopera- Protestant forces are at work, sion of individuality? Does tive work, both among mis- and these are divided forces. It the mUltiplication of sects in sionaries representing Western would be poor argument to the Protestant Church in- Churches, and among the na- suggest that it is their division crease friction and administra- tional Christian groups formed that gives them power. All tion expense and decrease effi- from their work. These coop- that is now argued is that their ciency or does it increase in- erative enterprises cover a divisions have not hindered a terest and giving and decrease wide range-education, medi- certain degree of success in the danger of politics and cen- cine, translation, Christian lit- commending the religion of tralized power in the Church? era t u r e, training Christian Christ to those in mission Dr. McAfee ,has had wide ex- workers, establishing churches, lands. perience as a college and sem- and much more. There are We cannot argue that if only inary professor, a pastor, p a i n f u I exceptions-a few all the churches would unite in moderator of the General As- among the definitely organized one church we should then be sembly, world traveler, stu- churches, and rather more able to "win the world" speed- dent and missionary execu- among groups following par- iIy. Indeed, one of the baffling tive. His view of the situa- ticular lines and declining to facts of American life is that tion is worth pondering. cooperate with others. But so many instances occur in anything that gives the im- which the reduction of church- pression that the mission field es to one in a community does not result in deep- is the scene of strife and faction and confusion ening the religious life Or accomplish the chris- because of church divisions exaggerates the fact.

tianizing of the people. Possibly the Christian One wishes the story could stop there, but that faith is too rich to find an outlet in one form of would not be right nor accurate. Existing expression, either of belief or of practice or of church divisions are at many points terribly worship. If two groups of Christians could be costly to the missionary enterprise. The Chris- thoroughly Christian and accept each other as tian faith has been shamed before the unbelievers fellow-believers, they might do better service for of mission lands. Factions have even taken Christ as two groups than if they became one. cases into national courts, making plain the rea- The curse of division is that it cuts down into sons for the Apostle's horrified exclamations the spirit of believers so often and really sepa- against such unworthy practices. Small bodies [202] have refused to take part in joint efforts to make costs on the field are often heavier than they Christ known, because of some pressure from the ought to be and these are almost never reckoned home field. Many missionaries would go much among the items of "overhead" because they are farther than their supporting constituency would outside of America; They are still "overhead,"

permit in recognizing the equal Christian wit- however, since they are part of the cost of getting ness of other workers. Divisions in the West the work done.

are sometimes duplicated in the East on terms It is a grave question, which we ought to face, which would be ridiculous if they were not tragic whether it is necessary to maintain separate mis- and are often based solely on traditions brought sion boards and committees, with secretaries, in bodily from the West. treasurers, clerks, publications, promotion work- ers, using a considerable percentage of gifts for Three Serious Hindrances the purpose, when a number of them could be united at a great reduction of cost. It is the duty At least three serious hindrances can be traced of each board to keep a steady eye on its outlay, to church divisions among ourselves. but there is no escaping a heavy load of expenses I. These divisions result in a heavy increase by any supervision. Many dollars are used in adof "overhead" in missionary administration. It ministration because of church divisions in the is a testimony to the essential missionary nature West which could be released for field work if of the Christian faith that virtually all of the the divisions were healed or ignored. Western divisions have missionary work in other lands. No sooner does a group break away from The Influence on the Mission Field an existing body than it proceeds to undertake missionary work of its own. Sometimes the II. These divisions have a constant and in- smaller groups are deceived into thinking that evitable influence on the growing Church on the their work has no overhead cost because there is field. Most of the field divisions are the out- no paid secretary nor rented office. All the work growth of Western divisions, though many are is done voluntarily and without salary. But the now kept alive by nationals who are more earnest person who does the work has to live and all that in maintaining them than the missionaries. In happens is that somebody else pays the cost of several instances the missionary force by large living-a church which releases a pastor or a majority would have wiped out a divisive distinc- church worker long enough for this extra work, tion but the national believers stood with the mis- or an individual who makes this his gift to for- sion minority and refused to agree to any such eign missions can give less directly because action. This is often reckoned a particularly loyal he pays the collecting and transmitting costs of course on the part of the nationals. In most in- the enterprise. As the work grows, it becomes stances they have learned their lessons from ear- inevitable that someone must give more time to lier or present missionaries who brought it from it and presently an assistant secretary or treas- the West. In one country I had occasion to list, urer is employed and a modest office is rented so with a veteran missionary, all the thirteen sep- that supporters can be kept informed. Printing arated Christian groups, some in sharp antago~ bills begin to be larger than purely voluntary nism to the others, and I found that not one of gifts will meet, so they absorb the gifts of some them had originated in the land itself. All had donors, part of which might have gone directly been imported from America or Great Britain.

to the work. From this point on costs are sure On the other hand, there are cases where na- to increase and the best anyone can do is to resist tional groups wish to obliterate the division increased expenses at every point. which has been brought from the West and find But it would be possible to administer the that they can do this only by severing their rela- American or British end of several boards or com- tion to the sending body to which they owe their mittees at slightly more than the present cost of knowledge of Christ. The hand of the West one. The three or four largest boards in America reaches over to restrain them and to maintain could unite their forces and reduce their "over- among them the conditions which have seemed head" to little more than the cost of the largest. necessary on this side of the sea. But when West- They deal with the same problems, cover the same ern divisions are healed it is discovered that these fields at many points, could meet the same difficul- restraints are not necessary and the groups flow ties in ten fields as easily as in eight, and could together. It would release many national groups release a great deal of money for field work. Ad- for their larger and more efficient service if the ministration costs more at the point where all divisions of the sending churches were healed.

bills are highest, namely, in the home offices. Even III. The divisions in the Christian Church so, it must not be overlooked that administrative tend to magnify distinctions within the Christian

message rather than to emphasize the central initial, simpler steps in the Christian faith. But heart of the message which is common to all in- the serious danger is that in presenting to new telligent believers. The Gospel got its start in believers the special accents which mark us here the first place on very simple terms. The divisions we may shadow to their minds the big, central which now mark the Western Church' are not realities by which we all live. As wise helpers of native to the Gospel but are native rather to us. the faith of our brethren we have no wish to close It is not fair to load up the Gospel in a new land any pathway of discussion which may open bewith acquired elements which are not essential fore them, but our own part is to give them right beginnings in the simpler faith with which the to it. church starts. Courses that rest on our divisions We need not minimize the importance of the really misrepresent the Christian faith, which is meant to bring us together, not to separate us as things that divide us, but there can be no doubt believers. that the things that are common to us are the greater things, the central things, of our faith. Avoiding any exaggeration of the hindrance Or, to word it differently, the simpler things of caused in the missionary movement by our Westthe Gospel are the common things; the more in- ern divisions, there is danger and hindrance tricate things, the profounder implications of the enough in those divisions to drive us to heal them, faith are the debated things which are the ground or at least to ignore them, when we undertake to of our differences. We need not decry our own give others the essential Gospel through which we divisions even when we deprecate the transmis- have been saved. sion of them to others who have still to take the Present Trends in Foreign Missions Dr. Cornelius H. Patton in his address at the opening session of the conferences for the newly appointed missionaries of the American Board, set forth the following four- teen points showing some of the present-day trends in foreign missions: 1. To transfer leadership and ownership to the national Christians of each land as early as pos- sible.

2. To recognize more fully the responsibility of governments and to cooperate with them in so far as fundamental Christian principles allow.

3. To encourage and conserve the values of indigenous religion and culture wherever found, seeking always to domesticate Christian ideals and institutions in the environment and tradition of each land.

4. To maintain, as may be necessary, the distinction between Christianity and so-called Christian ci viliza tion.

5. To interpret the Christian message in such a way as to make it applicable to the total life of a people.

6. To make evangelism complete by emphasizing the Christ-sp,irit as the saving element in all proc- esses of social improvement.

7. To stress the improvement of rural communities as the special need of the hour.

8. To adapt education to the circumstances .of a given people and as furnishing the background for national strength as well as for the development of the religious life.

9. To offer motive and guidance in the effort to save the people of the East fr.om the mistakes of the industrial order of the West.

10. To work for the consolidation of the Christian forces throughout the world.

11. In the selection and training of missionary personnel to insist upon the highest degree of effi- ciency attainable.

12. To help people at home and abroad to realize and appreciate the world of our day as a unity of interests and aspirations.

13. To attempt to preach the eternal Gospel by word and in terms that men and women of this age will understand.

14. To find in the leadership and saving power of Christ the only hope of a distressed and bewil- dered yet spiritually hungry world.

Dr. Patton added that the American Board could honestly lay claim to having worked through the years along these lines with perhaps the exception of three which are new to the entire Christian world. -The Congregationalist.

Open Door in Savage N e"W Guinea*

By the REV. R. TAEUBER, St. Paul, Minnesota Executive Secretary, American Lutheran Mission in New Guinea W HEN the Venerable Senior Lutheran Mis- Gospel) even in the remote corners of the terri- sionary, Dr. John Flierl, and Missionary tory. While in the year of our Lord 1900 only Tremel first landed at Simbang forty-five two natives in that district had been converted years ago, no one was on the beach to meet them. to Christ, during the following thirty years After having pitched a tent to store their belong- 30,000 have been baptized after a thorough in- ings they went over to the nearest village looking struction lasting from three to six years. Dur- for natives, but not a soul could be found. The ing the year 1929, 4,000 natives were baptized men, women and children, together with every- and 4,633 others attended preparatory classes.

thing movable, had disappeared into the bush. This growth has been realized in spite of small These ambassadors of Christ realized that they beginnings, adverse times and paralyzing condi- were not wanted and were con- tions, and notwithstanding the fronted by an enemy behind a fact that during the World wall of passive and active re- War the mission was cut off sistance. The doors of New from its mother Church in Guinea were closed to them and Germany and was put into fortified with innumerable and hands entirely unprepared for a p par ently insurmountable the task. The work has devel- barriers. oped wonderfully and is now The New Guinea natives expanding at such a rate that were bloodthirsty savages and the churches at home have had cannibals. It is a miracle that to serve notice to the missiona- they did not kill and devour ries on the field that for eco- these white intruders. But as nomic reasons curtailment was ancient enemies were smitten necessary.

with blindness, so these na- The present white staff con- tives were smitten with fear TYPICAL OF THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN sists of thirty-six ordained misso that they did not dare to DARKNESS AND LIGHT IN NEW GUINEA sionaries, including one doctor, touch God's servants. Natives six nurses, twenty-one lay mis- after their conversion to Christ have said: sionaries, three women helpers and thirty-six "When we saw the big steamer far out off the married women.

coast, we thought that God had come down and There are twenty main stations, two seminaries, was rocking himself on the waves smoking a big four coconut plantations, one sawmill, two sup- cigar." The missionaries were thought to be ply stores, a health station, hospitals, schooners gods because of their white skin. and motor boats. In 170 schools 196 trained native It was only after fourteen years of hard and teachers are instructing 4,853 native children.

sacrificial labor by the pioneers that they saw There are also approximately 500 native helpers.

the first fruits of their faithful service. Then, in The outstanding feature of this mission is the 1900, they baptized the first two Papuans to ac- training of native evangelists. The Papuan cept Christ in that part of the island. Since then Christians are taught to consider it their duty the wall of pagan resistance has been crumbling to bring the miti (the Gospel) to their pagan more and more. Cannibals are still to be found neighbors and to the strangers in the interior.

in the interior and only recently two missiona- This is done at great sacrifice and even at the ries had to flee from spears and arrows. But on risk of life. Usually when a class is baptized the whole the doors are open to the miti (the some of the members volunteer to help in mission • Observations on my visit to the Territory of New Guinea, 1929-30. work to become trained helpers or to do "their bit" as untrained workers. R. Taeuber.

[205]

pause. Someone from the a u die n c e then asked: "Have you nothing to say?" Finally a tall Timbe man arose and said: "Our heads are hanging low. We will learn the new way."

At Quambu I had been invited by the native to at- tend the first confirmation and, with their missionary, to lay my hands on the young converts. At the close of the service a na- tive with troubled features arose and with bowed head slowly and hesitatingly came forward. At the lad- der leading up the plat- A CONGREGATION IN THE LUTHERAN MISSION. MANDANG, NEW GUINEA form, 10-12 feet above the ground, he paused, while During my visit to this far-away mission field all eyes were fixed on him. According to na- it was my privilege to attend several baptismal tive custom no one asked what he wanted, but festivals. At Sombore, a station 8,000 feet high all waited patiently. Suddenly his irresolution in the Cromwell Mountains, I saw Missionary seemed to vanish and he ascended the platform Wacke baptize the first fruits of that village- and said: thirty-two men and women. Ten years ago they "I want to make a short speech. Do you see this were cannibals; now they have become missiona- pUlpit with or without fruit? There is no fruit," ries of Christ. At the close of the services sev- he shouted at the top of his voice, while the audieral young men volunteered to become helpers, ence nodded assent. He continued: "I had while close by on the slope of the hill sat about hoped to present today my boy as a candidate for 150 people of the Timbe tribe, half naked, with the helpers' school, but my wife refused. I contheir grim savage faces and unsteady eyes. Their sulted her brothers but she would not yield to spears, bows and arrows were always at hand. their appeals. What can you do if you have such Will these, too, become Christians? a stubborn wHeT'

During the afternoon celebration one of the na- Saying this he de!,cended. Later the congre- tive teachers called for a Timbe woman (named Pui- pui) and, pointing to her as she stood before all the people, shouted to the Timbe men: "You Timbe are not men, you are women; you fear the spirits of the dead and the sorcerers and your neighbors. You would like to try the new way, but you are cowards. This woman here has the heart of a man, she has courage and has shown you what to do."

He paused and then INTERIOR OF THE SIMPLE CHRISTIAN CHURCH AT AMELE. NEW GUI~EA asked : "Now tell me, am I right or did I tell you a lie '?" There was a long

AN OPEN DOOR IN SAVAGE NEW GUINEA

gation took matters in hand and the boy is now preparing for m iss ion work.

Going up the Markham Valley for more than sev- enty-five miles on horse- back, I rode through a forty-mile stretch without passing a single village.

Years ago the Laewomba tribe had killed most of the inhabitants. The few remaining people settled farther up the river or took to the mountains.

Now the Laewomba are sending Christian evangel- ists to their benighted fel- TRAINING A NEW GUINEA BAND-WITH BRASS INSTRUMENTS AND SEA SHELLS low Papuans to bring them peace of heart and life. was creeping down from the mountains. The missionary pointed to one of our black carriers On the grass plains of the Azera district on and said: the upper Markham, we passed through village after village. A great change has taken place and there is a marked contrast between former "The other day this young man confessed to me conditions. The Christian settlements are clean- that ten years ago his father and other men of the er and more orderly. Men and women work; the village, while hunting in the bush, had suddenly children attend school; the natives greet you in come upon a woman of a hostile tribe. They seized a friendly manner; their whole life and appear- her and triumphantly carried her back to their ance shows that a new spirit has taken possession own village where she was hung all night,. danof them. gling from a pole to which her hands and feet had been tied under one of their huts. To prevent We were about to enter one village as darkness her screaming a man broke her jawbones with a club. The next morning this young man now carrying my pack, then a boy of about ten years, was se- lected to kill the woman with a wooden sword, after which the villagers feast- ed on her flesh."

Entering the village we heard another sound-not the screams of the poor captive woman but the tones of a little church bell calling the villagers to wor- ship. Anutu (God) was being honored in the small bush chapel after ten years of mission work; what a change!

A few years ago the Pa- puan natives were accus- BAPTISMAL SERVICE IN THE LUTHERAN MISSION AT CARABO tomed to trade children for f 0 0 d supplies, especially

durillg a famine. While some ate their ac- of his head to the soles of his feet, appears wear- quired yams, taro and the like, others feasted ing a demon mask. Beating his drum he dances on the. flesh of the bartered children. Now these into the open square continually praising himself people take their children to as the prince of darkness, of other villages, not to sell but lies and all evil and promising to put them in the mission his followers joys of life.

school. Then the beating of another Unbelieving skeptics who drum is heard as a snow-white scoff at Christian missions figure emerges from the bush should go to New Guinea and and also enters the square. He look into the eyes of former announces him s elf as the savages and cannibals and Prince of Light and Love and listen to their songs and demands obedience to Anutu pra~ers, .. and his miti (the Gospel); The Christian Papuans not he calls men and women to only meet for worship but they struggle against the power of also· have other mission gath- darkness, and to bear a cross; erings. Melanesian Day is a he promises true joy and happi- festival that lasts several days ness in the way of the Light and is attended by thousands and a blessed life hereafter.

of Christian and non-Christian The dark figure disappears in- natives. By sermon, pageant to a pit that has been prepared and dialogue the native teach- and covered with palm leaves ers, elders and others endeav- while the white figure raises or to deepen the knowledge the drum amid shouts of vic- and interest of the visitors and tory. The dark figure emerges to arouse enthusiasm for mis- A CHRISTIAN LINK BETWEEN THE RACES again to illustrate the reactions sion work among their be- of heathendom, but finally the nighted black brethren. They DR. J. FLIERL. THE SENIOR LUTHERAN dark figure flees into the bush have a unique way of illustrat- MISSIONARY. WITH HIS GRANDSON AND and disappears. The light of A NEW GUINEA CHILD.

ing Biblical teachings and Christian life. For the miti (the Gospel), of Anutu (God) has won.

example: Heathendom must be conquered.

The beating of a native drum far off in the bush May God give abundant light to His people in comes nearer and nearer. Thousands of eyes are New Guinea and help them to conquer darkness.

turned in the direction of the sound. Suddenly May His face shine upon them and may He be a dark figure, painted jet black from the crown gracious unto them.

WHAT IS THE COMPENSATION?

The full story will never be told of what missionaries have endured. Much of it has been borne in secret with that silent patience that seeks recompense only from God. They have said good-bye to parents and friends, many of whom they have never seen again on earth. Often on their return, they have only memories of father or mother and a marble slab or a plot of green in the graveyard. They send their children home and, having com- mitted them to God, settle down again to bear without complaint their wistful loneliness. The past few months have revealed all too poignantly the sufferings and the heartaches of our missionaries despite the courage with which theY have endured. Sdme are beset by dangers untold, by flood and famine and· banditry and war. Their hearts are broken by the sight of the need and suffering around them. They are burdened with the overwhelming weight of crass superstition and idolatry.

A missionary was asked what compensation he had found in his work for all the sacri- fices he had made. He took from his pocket a letter, worn with much handling, and read this sentence from an Oriental student: "But for you, I would not have known Jesus Christ, our Saviour. Every morning as I kneel down before God, I think of you and I pray."

"That," said the missionary, "is my compensation !" REV. C. DARBY FULTON, D. D.

Self;,Criticism of Missions Today*

By DR. OSCAR MAC MILLAN BUCK, Madison, N. J.

Professor of Missions and Comparative Religion at Drew University W E are in the beginnings, not merely of a sand mISSIOnaries in so-called non-Christian new age, but of a new decade that carries lands; they help in the support of over sixty-five the characteristics of a new age. In this thousand native teachers and preachers and workdecade of the nineteen hundred and thirties our ers; they conduct almost twenty thousand schools intercontinental consciousness has become vivid and educational institutions, from the kinder- and permanent. In this decade we have made a garten to the university, with over eight hundred definite commitment to a new world order. We thousand students; they are carrying on over have made an attempt to re- four hundred hospitals in one turn to "normalcy," such as we hun d red and twenty-three knew before the World War be- Are we up-to-date in our countries and imp 0 r tan t gan to tear up our Western civ- missionary methods? What is provinces. It is obviously im- ilization by the roots. The this Christian enterprise ac- possible in the short space of present goal is not "Back to complishing today in a mnd half an hour to critically ap- normalcy," but forward into a like India? We are at a crisis praise the place of this enor- new world-wide order, inclu- -perhaps the greatest since mously developed enterprise in sive of all the continents, all the Crucifixion. The mission- the midst of this extensively the races, all the nations, all ary enterprise and the Church developing world transforma- the classes and both sexes- itself is being severely criti- tion.

forward into the mist with the cized by the youth and those Let me say three things at ground trembling under our outside. the outset. First, I realize feet. The year just closed is Dr. Buck has just returned that this is a very serious time one of the most critical and sig- from a tour of India for the in which to criticize the mis- nificant in the history of man- purpose of examining criti- sionary enterprise. Christian kind; the new year before us cally the work on the field. He missions are in a retrenchment summons us to new thinking, shows some of the changes movement of considerable mag- new relationships, new organi- that must be made if Chris- nitude and of considerable zations, new fears, new hopes, tianity is to be at the heart of danger. It is possible that this and new deliverances. the forward movements in all great adjustment to new lines We are in the midst of the lands-not only on the edges. and new positions may end in great world-wide movements, His constructive criticisms catastrophe. The breakdown anyone of which is sufficient are worth reading. and the breakup of the work to revolutionize the world as of the previous generation we knew it away back in the would be a calamity. What nineteen hundred and twenties. I have been the church needs today is not criticism, but asked to appraise the present Christian mis- confidence, and any criticism that is careless, sionary enterprise in the light of this rapidly wild or reckless may do incalculable damage to a developing world situation, an enterprise which movement that has at its heart the redeeming reaches its fingers into the depths of all the con- Gospel of Jesus Christ.

tinents and which has its footholds on the borders Second, I realize that many missionary leaders, of all lands. those at the heart of the administration, are fully The Protestant churches of North America conscious that great changes are needed in the alone put thirty-five million dollars a year into missionary enterprise today. The good field mar- this commitment; they keep over fourteen thou- shal of the Protestant missions, Dr. John R. Mott, has published a volume entitled "The Present-Day • From an address on "A Critical Appraisal of the Missionary Enter- Summons to the World Mission of Christianity." prise in the Light of This Present World Situation," delivered at the One of the secretaries of the International Mis- Eleventh Quadrennial Convention of the Student Volunteer Movement, Buffalo, New York, December 31, 1931. sionary Council dares to quote from a friend who [209]

said, "Within ten years the Protestant missions missions were prominent in the procession that will be so different as to be scarcely recognizable." marched around these ancient Jerichos of super- In the current number of the International Re- stition, ignorance, darkness, injustice, oppression view of Missions Dr. Qharles R. Watson, a for- and grief. mer Mission Board secretary, and today the President of the American University in Cairo, says: Having said this by way of introduction, let me "Frankly, it is missions as such that now need re- say that my criticism, my appraisal of Christian thinking; that the world changes since 1914 have missionary enterprise is not out of books, but it been revolutionary will, I think, be universally is out of my own experience. I myself come out conceded; that missions have experienced any of confusion of mind. I am just out of India, drastic changes will be claimed by no one." Both whither I went as secretary of the commission on the mission field and in North America there sent by the International Missionary Council and are many who realize that the Christian mission- cooperating bodies to study the Christian colleges ary enterprise is at present inadequate for the of India. I was also in India five years ago for nineteen hundred and thirties. We do not need eight months as the companion and associate of to drag such leaders into a more adequate pro- that modern St. Paul-Dr. Stanley Jones. gram and strategy. They are moving as rapidly as we will let them move into a program that is When I returned to India this last year I found adequate for the coming day. in five years such changes, such a shift in the whole missionary enterprise and its relationship Third, I do not intend to criticize the Christian to the life of the land, that I was thrown for a missions on the basis of failure in the past. Fail- time into great darkness and confusion of mind. ures there have been, but failure there has not I have had to work my way slowly out of that conbeen. Reverse the picture. Those things which fusion and I speak of the things which I have seen have been put into statistical tables and which and the things which I have learned. many have considered as the principal result of Christian missions, put those in as the by-product, An IDustration From India and what have been considered as the by-product, consider as the principal results of Christian mis- Let me take India as an illustration of what I sions, and what do we see? Static civilizations have to say in appraising the missionary enterhave become mobile. My mother went to India prise. This is the oldest and in some ways the sixty years ago. (She is still living, thank God.) most successful of our mission fields. During those sixty years she has seen an India that was static and inert aroused and moving so In the first place, the Christian missionary enrapidly that any man who is away from India for terprise is being forced from the heart of these a few months goes back to find a strangely great movements, which are developing and exchanged land. panding with such rapidity, out to the circumfer- ence of these movements. On the one side we Another great phenomenon is the "approxima- have this situation developing so rapidly along tion of religions." The great religions of the many lines as to be almost revolutionary, and on world are moving toward Christianity and are the other side we have a great Christian institubridging the chasms that separated them from tionalism with machinery, heavy and intricate, Christian ideas and ideals, from Christian prin- unable to adjust itself quickly to the turns in the ciples and ethics. Again, it is not an exaggera- road. Christian missions seem to lack a steering tion to say that the conscience of the world today gear equal to the heavy mechanism which they is more Christian than it has ever been. The min- possess. Conditions have changed so rapidly that istry to the under-privileged and to the sick has they have not been able to adapt themselves to gone far beyond the Christian Church, and has these tremendous changes in Indian life. As a now become the concern of States. Christian result, these great movements are going past us. friendships have had a powerful influence. The They may not be un-Christian, or anti-Christian, ethical wholesomeness of many Christian lives and one might welcome this fact, but they ignore and of Christian homes established in non-Chris- Christianity, as they move toward their goals. tian lands tell the same story. The proletariat The Christian missionary enterprise, if it is to movement, the women's movement–all these play its part in the nineteen hundred and thirties, great transformations in the life of the mission and to speak to men's consciences and minds with fields are results, in a large measure, of the Chris- authority and power, must move into the center tian missionary enterprise of the Protestant of these great movements. That involves a new churches. We do not claim that they are alto- strategy, a new alignment, and a new effort on gether due to missions-but at least Christian the part of the Christian churches. It means withdrawal at certain places; concentration at other places. It means unified thinking and con-

SELF-CRITICISM OF MISSIONS TODAY

certed action on the part of widely different de- education in the nineteen hundred and thirties nominations. and forties. Said one official, "The finest thing Take the Nationalist Movement in India. What that Christian missions could do in India would outstanding Christian leaders have we in this be to close all its men's colleges and turn them movement, and Protestant movements have been into women's colleges." We are not awake to our in India for two hundred years? There are some opportunity. There are only three small Chrisyounger Christian men coming on. It was a tian colleges and three larger colleges for women great loss to the Christian Church of India when in India. Only three and one-half per cent of the K. T. Paul died last year, for he was rapidly mak- students in Christian colleges of India are in the ing his way into the inner councils of that great women's colleges. Ninety-six and one-half per development. But Indian Christianity is still a cent are in the men's colleges. The women are minority group on the edges of the Nationalist not doing their share in this great, developing women's movement in India, which carries the Movement. Take the great movement of the proletariat of regeneration of India so deeply in its heart.

India. These fifty million untouchables, a part The Influence of Education of the proletariat movement of the world, are moving forward without wise Christian leader- Take the field of education. Our educational ship and without efficient lay leaders. They work is not in the heart of the movement of the desperately need wise, trained leaders who can day. It is being pushed to the edges. Christian lead this multitude out of their Egypt of disabili- missions have had a splendid record in education.

ties into their Canaan of equalities with other peo- Eight per cent of the colleges of India are Chris- ples in India. Christian missionaries were the first tian. Sixteen per cent of the students who go to go to the untouchables. We were the ones that through colleges in India go through Christian drew attention to their lot. We walked into their colleges. We have the opportunity to mold one hovels and flashed the light of a better day into out of every six college graduates, but the printheir dim eyes. We sat down and, pointing with cipals of these colleges recognize that we are slip- .our fingers to the letters of the alphabet, taught ping, and it was because of their request that this them to read. We made out of them a separate commission was sent out to suggest how the community, so that they were no longer untouch- Christian colleges of India could work back into ables-they were Christians-a separate fold. We the center of things. We are tied to a state sysdid not constantly keep sending leaders back, as tem of education which is still wandering in the Moses and Aaron were sent back to their fellows, wilderness, which is determined by the poverty of with the word "Thus sayeth the Lord God, let my India rather than by what is good for India's welpeople go"; and now Gandhi claims to be their fare; in this situation the C:p.ristian colleges find champion. The spinning wheel and the "un- themselves unable to use adequately the opportutouchables" are his favorite themes. nities which they themselves create. There are The Great Women's Movement more non-Christian teachers in the Christian col- leges for men in India than there are Christian Take the great women's movement in India to- teachers. There are three hundred and ninetyday. The president of the Women's Educational seven non-Christian teachers in the thirty-two Conference, speaking at Lahore, said that the Christian colleges for men, while the Christian Christian missionaries were responsible for the teachers number three hundred and fifty-seven. In beginnings of the women's movement in India. many a Christian institution non-Christians are She paid a high tribute to the Christian mission- teaching science and philosophy-two tremenaries, but their leadership is largely gone from dously important subjects for the nineteen hunthe women's movement in India. Theosophists dred and thirties.

lead the procession now. Christian missions for There is, of course, an overwhelming prepon- women have been too suspicious of the Nationalist derance of non-Christian students in Christian Movement, too unwilling to trust that movement colleges-eighty-seven and one-half per cent in with its traditions and ideals out of the past of the men's Christian colleges are non-Christian.

India. And yet we still hold a very strategic In India the largest American college has a stu- place in the women's movement. Christian wom- dent body ninety-seven per cent non-Christian, en's colleges are the best all-round colleges in In- and the largest British college has also a non- dia. We were told there that the finest thing that Christian student body ninety-seven per cent.

Christian missions could do in India would be to With a faculty so largely non-Christian, and with prepare for the great avalanche of Hindu and a preponderatingly non-Christian student body, Moslem women who would be demanding higher how can we expect Christian colleges of India, or

of any land, to create more than a mild Christian missionary enterprise before we can go far in influence? They ought to be making a profound meeting, joyfully, adequately and enthusiastically, Christian impact upon the situation. With the the claims of this new decade. In large measure crowded curriculum and the efforts to keep up the best youth of the colleges and of the churches with the administration and the routine, our have been lost for the missionary task of the Christian missionaries can not give themselves Church of Christ. We must speak a vocabulary adequately to personal contacts with men and that they can understand. We must move out women, or with students. into a world that they appreciate as the world in which they live. Every newspaper sounds the Again, I would like to say that the great fallacy bugle call. A new world is forming for better or in modern missions is the conception that many for worse. For one thing the student today is out means much. It does not. Many Christians do of patience with the word "home" and the word not mean much Christianity. Many centers oc- "foreign." He wishes to deal with the whole cupied do not mean much accomplished, and many world and not a divided world. These movements, institutions do not necessarily mean much Chris- these crises, these clashes of which we hear, tian influence. We must not depend on the statis- stretch clear across the continents in these ninetical tables to estimate the power of Christianity. teen hundred and thirties. Is it not time to take The Kingdom of Heaven is not a chamber of com- the word "foreign" out of the Christian missionmerce. In the strange mathematics of Jesus one ary enterprise? We must enlist the youth of the may be more important than ninety and nine. world in the service of Christ for all the world. The most stirring things I saw in India were not buildings or crowds. Among others, a most I close with two brief words of hope. This is a stirring sight was the face of a Burmese girl be- day when God is working. Jesus Christ in His longing to the Gospel Team sent to India from day saw the Kingdom of God moving across the Judson College, Burma; another was a young threshold to form a new era. He went out to meet Christian apologist in a small village of India, it at dawn, and expected God to work His martalking to a crowd of Mohammedans; and an- vels in that new day. He kept this attitude of other was a Lutheran communion service at expectancy to the end. As He hung on the Cross Guntur. Not many necessarily, but much. He was still eagerly expectant-and just beyond' "this day" loomed "paradise." God is creating Too Much Finances and it is time for us to work with Him.

Again, I am convinced that we have put finances The last thing I say is that we must not forget too much to the front in modern missions. At the Power that may dwell in a single human perhome we have made the collection plate and the sonality. Under the influence of this Power eleven duplex envelope rather than the Cross the symbol disciples "turned the world upside down." One of missions; as a result, we seem to say, "If any disciple became the great apostle to the Gentiles. man would be Christ's disciple, let him join the Two German students set the Protestant missionchurch and make his subscription and so follow ary enterprise to going in Europe. One young me." We have spoiled a good word "missions," English cobbler and one young Cambridge don which means "sending," and have made it mean woke the churches of England to look across the "spending." Sacrificial enthusiasm was charac- seas. Five college students started the Foreign teristic of the first missions and finances were Missionary Movement in North America. A secondary. When enthusiasm dies out we must handful of young men at Mt. Hermon heard the struggle to keep up the finances. What we need call and seized the opportunity forty-five years to do is to bring in the tides of enthusiasm for a ago and started the greatest Christian crusade of new world, a Christ-like world, and the finances all history. The power in the personality of will be lifted by the impact of the tide. Jesus is not exhausted. I do not believe that we have yet reached the frontiers of the dream, the Other constructive criticisms I might make, but hope, the enthusiasm of Jesus Christ for the let me close by saying that the youth, the best of world. According to His faith it will yet be done our Christian youth, must be recaptured for the unto Him.

There is no denying the faet that there is much muddled and confused thinking today with regard to Foreign Missions. and there is assuredly widespread ignorance and misunderstanding. It is to be feared also that there is a great deal of nllsrepresentation.

When. for example. it is stated that the Foreign Missionary work of the Church has lost sight of its primary evangelistic purpose and has become educational and philanthropic, the statement represents either ignorance or misrepresentation. The Foreign Mission work of our Church stands solidly on the great commission of our Lord. Its representatives have gone out to preach the Gospel, to make Jesus Christ known as the only Saviour of the world; to tell the stOry of His life and His death and His rising again, and to declare the meaning and the joyous message of His Cross and His Resurrection. RoBERT E. SPEER.

A STUDENT GOSPEL ITEAM STARTING OUT FROM KAREN AND BURMESE

Student Evangelists In Burma By the REV. H. 1. MARSHALL, Insein, Rangoon Missionary of the American Baptist Missionary Society H ONK! HONK! sounds the horn of the big ciation-"Climbing Jacob's Ladder" or "Lord, motor bus as it stands outside the door of Make Me More Humble." the dormitory of the Karen Seminary at Insein, not far from Rangoon. The driver is im- The last fellow comes running out with his patient for he has been waiting half an hour. cornet under his arm and, as he tucks his last With utter disregard of time he has come half an book into his bag, makes a flying leap at the back hour earlier than the time appointed. The boys, step of the bus as it starts down the hill. The coming from the dining hall, have run up to their sound of the songs die out in the distance and anrooms to get their Karen bags in which there is a other student campaign has started on its way. blanket, a Bible and a few song books. Others rush up with brass band instruments and a big A week or more ago a call came from some bass drum. This must be tied on the back of the rather discouraged pastor of a Karen village bus because there is no room inside. church, asking that a group of students come out and help him stir up the spiritual life in his vil- This is not a theatrical company starting off for lage. The group of Christian students was sea tour in the country, but an evangelistic band of lected and has met to pray that God would theologs and one or two teachers. They climb into cleanse their hearts and prepare them to become the bus, the bags are put under the seats and the channels of blessing to those to whom they go. crowd which gathers to see them off starts to sing They also pray that the Spirit of God will prepare a chorus: "Our Motto Is Service," "Living for the hearts of those to whom they are going, and Jesus," or "Dear Old Pals," or they may begin that they, as a group, may be welded into a spiritone of their favorite Negro spirituals, which the ual unity, with power from on high. Karen boys delight to sing with so much appre- When the bus has traveled some distance they enjoy another devotional quiet time, disturbed [213J

only by the throbbing of the engine. By the time all squat on the floor. Surrounding villages and the appointed village is reached the group has their opportunities are discussed, also the needs been welded together by song and happy pleas- of the school children. The work is divided among antry and prayer. They have become jolly pals the various members of the team: the school and are ready to stand by each other under all where they will conduct song services, teach Bible circumstances. They announce their arrival by a classes, play games and tell stories to the little song or a tune on a horn and the village children tots. Others in apostolic fashion, two by two, will come running out to gaze on the new arrivals with visit the houses of the non-Christians, or of back- all the ecstasy that the American small boy greets sliders. After the plans for the morrow have the arrival of the circus. been completed each member rolls up in his The Church elders come and lead the way to blanket and soon all are off to "the land of nod." the house which is to be the headquarters of the The next day after morning rice each member campaigners for the next two or three days. All living together in one house helps to keep the of the team retires to his corner with his Bible unity of the group and to maintain the high spir- preparing for his assigned work. Then the visiitual level at which the leaders, whether mission- tors go out and begin their round of calls at the ary or Karen, always aim to keep the team. homes. Everything is characterized by personal witnessing. "Preaching" is not allowed. Recent- That evening lights are taken to the village ly one young man, with his two companions, came chapel, or are hung on bamboos in the open place to a house where an old man was puttering between the houses, and mats are spread on the around on his back veranda. The student asked ground. Only those who have to remain at home the privilege of coming up and talking to him to watch for fear of thieves stay away from this about Jesus.

meeting. The band arrives and begins to tune The old man replied gruffly that he did not care up. The children draw in closer and closer. After anything about Jesus. The student replied, "Will the leaders have had a few moments of prayer, you allow us to come and talk about ourselves?"

the whole team comes and opens the exercises The old man had no objection, so the young men with a song. Good feeling and jolly fellowship went up and squatted beside him. After a few abound for they feel that Christ has made life words of general conversation the leader began full of joy and has given them freedom from the telling of his early childish pranks, then of how terrifying fears of heathenism. he came to have a more serious view of life as he The songs and stunts that follow are side- learned its meaning through Christ. splitting and the people enjoy it. Laughter makes The old man had dropped his work and was impossible any active opposition on the part of listening intently. Then he said: "Come into the those who dislike Christian preachers, or of house and sit down," and with true oriental hos- Buddhists who come expecting to hear their re- pitality spread a mat for them to sit on. The ligion maligned. Even opponents find themselves other two students each told his experience and enjoying the evening so much that when one of answered a number of questions. They so won the students is introduced as having something the old man's confidence that he was glad to join to tell about himself that they eagerly listen to with them in a prayer to God for help and guid- his Christian testimony. ance.

One Christian student tells what a disobedient Only two or three houses may be visited in a and foolish young man he once was, and then how morning, but in almost every case the visit is a new spirit and new life came into his heart and long enough for the students to tell their experi- he became a Christian with changed ideals and a ence and explain it and to "pray through" with new joy and outlook on life. All are interested some member of the household who shows a real from beginning to end and hardly realize that this interest. Many decisions for Christ have been is the religion that they had looked upon as some won in this way.

new foreign foolishness. Other members of the team go to the village After the concert the village teacher, or pastor, school where they teach Gospel choruses to the and one or two elders are invited to come to the children, or action songs that are greatly enjoyed.

guest house and unite in prayer. Tomorrow is Then follow Bible lessons fitted to the children of another day with exacting duties and privileges. the different ages. At intervals all go out in the They pray "to be led to make out the best pro- open for a group game and some of the village gram," "to use men to the best advantage and to grown ups may be inveigled into limbering up win the largest number of those who have not and playing volley ball or "three-deep." The found the abundant Life." A regular "round morning ends with more songs and rousing testi- table" is held even though there is no table and monies by two team members.

STUDENT EVANGELISTS IN BURMA

The afternoon follows much the same routine is difficult to give each one the needed personal and after the last service the members of the Gos- help. They are told the importance of "food, air pel team transform themselves into a football and exercise" (Bible reading, prayer and service).

team and playa game with the village boys. The The village teachers are given the names of those people of Burma are taking to football (soccer) who responded and the church, if there is one in all over the country and such a game is sure to the village, is urged to follow up the work.

bring out a crowd. This serves as good publicity Next morning amid the villagers' hearty shout to advertise the meeting in the evening. The of "Return Happily," the team starts back with good fellowship of the team and their fair play songs of rejoicing and thanksgiving. In the bus makes a favorable impression. they may hold a "round table" in which each The evening program is not like an ordinary member tells what this excursion has meant to evangelistic service for a crowd of Burmese and him. Wonderful testimonies reveal the effect on Karen villagers does not look much like an Ameri- their own lives. Their dull routine of classwork can church audience. Non-Christians do not get has taken on a new meaning. They have found much out of an ordinary sermon. How many such have been wasted on the desert air! The first point is to win their attention, then their interest and then to instruct them. The band opens the meeting and is a never failing drawing- card. Next comes a concert, which perhaps more resembles a variety entertainment. There are songs, comic and serious, various stunts to pro- voke the opposition-killing laughter, and a simple Bible drama. When the people feel happy they are much more receptive to the joyful Gospel mes- sage than when they are oppressed by the fear of the law.

When the concert is over and the last lingerers have gone home, some boys are still seen holding quiet talks with those whom they met in their house to house visits. Finally, no matter how late the hour, the team enjoys a devotional hour be- fore retiring. Experiences are exchanged, plans for the morrow talked over and prayed over and then the silent figures are seen wrapped up in their blankets on the floor. Some empty spaces show that a few are seeking to get still closer to the great Source of Power. They quietly steal off to a quiet spot and there pour out their souls to God in prayer that certain ones may not fail to A GOSPEL TEAM READY FOR A FOOTBALL GAME. (MR. DYER IS THIRD FROM THE RIGHT) make a decision for Christ on the morrow.

Sunday services may be dispensed with and the weak spots in their armour which they resolve to day spent in personal work. Everything points repair while there is yet time. A new vision of toward definite decisions and at the close of the Christ has been experienced and some have a new forenoon testimony meeting for the older chil- realization of what service really means. They dren, an invitation is given. In the evening there have experienced the joy of the reaper. After is another concert with its usual good fellowship such an experience nothing short of life-changing in which each item is given with a purpose. will satisfy one for a life work. While one member of the team, or one group is on the platform, the others sit with bowed heads, The church visited has also taken on new life. praying that the word spoken or sung may carry The pastor has seen over the edges of the high a message to some one in the audience. ruts into which he had fallen. The elders have had a vision of their duties and the Christians As the final invitation is given the members have found a new joy in their worship. Most of of the team scatter among the listeners, giving a all, the theological seminary is no longer a place quiet word of exhortation here and there. Usually for dry theorizing and dead orthodoxy, but it is a the effort is not without its reward and some- place where there is a pulsating, abundant life times the number who respond is so great that it that must be shared with those who have it not.

Our Missionary Hymns

Revision?

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D., ..:( Princeton, New Jersey Editor of the Moslem World; Author of "Across the World of Islam," etc.

t – "FROM- GREENLAND'S ICY MOUNTAINsn T HERE are diversities of gifts but the same canon of St. Asaph in 1817 and soon after was ap- spirit. Some missionaries have been pio- pointed Bishop to Calcutta, as successor to the neer explorers, others bold apostles or flam- first Bishop, Dr. Middleton. Bishop Heber is ing evangelists; some have exercised gifts of heal- described as a brilliant scholar, a true poet, a ing, others of administration; some have been devoted parish clergyman, a fascinating persondistinguished scholars and linguists or translators ality, loved and admired by all who knew him. of the Scriptures. Reginald Heber (1783-1826) The Earl of Shaftsbury spoke in highest terms of became immortal through his missionary hymns, his character, saying: "No man ever equalled written both before and after he went out as Bishop Heber. His talents were of the most exthe second Anglican Bishop of Calcutta. Among quisite character. If he were not a Socrates, able his fifty-seven hymns, five are well-known in the to knock down by force of reasoning the most churches today: "Hosanna to the Living God"; stubborn opposers, he was like Orpheus, who led "Brightest and Best of the Sons of the Morning" ; even stones and trees by the enchantment of his "Holy, Holy, Holy"; "The Son of God goes Forth music." Bishop Heber was a warm supporter of to War"; and "From Greenland's Icy Mountains." the missionary societies of the Church of England Dr. Eugene Stock characterized the last of those and of the Bible Society. He made earnest efforts mentioned as the greatest of all missionary to unite the Church Missionary Society and the hymns. It has been very widely used and has Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, saying, been translated into the leading languages of "Why should there be two societies for the same Europe and of many on the mission fields. Is the precise object?" He actually formulated a plan of hymn, as some say, "too old-fashioned and con- union. ventional for present-day use"? One meets with strong prejudice against certain of its expres- Bishop Middleton had declined to license the sions, but closer study will reveal new elements of missionaries in Bengal or to ordain natives, alpower and beauty. though he learned to value their services, but Bishop Heber's policy was quite different. He Reginald Heber was born at Malpas, Chester, avoided friction with the civil authorities, made England, and at an early age began to write friends with the Baptist and Congregationalist poetry. At Oxford he produced a prize poem en- missionaries, and put the work of evangelization titled "Palestine." Later he traveled in Northern at the front. He sought to build up educational Europe and became rector of Hodnet in 1807. In institutions and to increase the number of mission 1815 he delivered the Bampton lectures, was made stations. But his excessive labors in a trying cli- [216] mate were brought to a sudden termination by In the revival of 1858 several converted sailors death from apoplexy at Trichinopoly on April 3, were on board the "North Carolina," a frigate of 1826, at the early age of forty. the U. S. Navy. When they compared nationalities Four years before his consecration as Bishop it was found that ten countries were represented.

he wrote his great missionary hymn under cir- One man said that he came from Greenland, cumstances that are most interesting. whereupon they spontaneously and heartily sang Dean Howson, in the Art Journal for June, the international stanzas of this old hymn.

1873, relates that Mr. Heber, then rector of Hod- When Dr. Alexander Duff returned from Cal- net, was visiting Dean Shirley, dean of 'St. Asaph cutta on his first furlough and thrilled large audi- and vicar of Wrexham, his father-in-law, just be- ences with his appeals for India, he closed a pow- fore Whit-Sunday, 1819. A royal letter had been erful address given before the Church Missionary issued, calling for missionary offerings in aid of Society with these words: the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, on "Oh, that the blessed era were greatly hastened! that particular day. Mr. Heber had gone to hear Oh, that the vision of that mitred minstrel who the dean preach and to take his share of the erewhile sung so sweetly of 'Greenland's icy Sunday evening lectures just established in that mountains' and 'India's coral strand' were speedchurch. On the Saturday previous, he was asked ily realized! that glorious vision wherein, rapt to prepare some verses to be sung at the close of into future times, he beheld the stream of Gospel the morning service. Sitting at the window of the blessings rise, and gush, and roll onward till it old vicarage, in a short time he produced this hymn-except the lines, "Waft, waft, ye winds, embraced every land and circled every shore- His story," which he wrote later. Only one change was made in the copy-"heathen" being put in- Till like a sea of glory, stead of "savage" nations. This was the first of It spread from pole to pole. modern missionary hymns that speaks imperatively to the conscience and at the same time with "Even so, Lord Jesus! come quickly: even so. persuasion and tenderness. It came as a trum- Amen." pet-call to duty. And then we are told that Duff sat down amid Not until 1823, when the hymn came to Ameri- a tempest of applause. can notice, did it receive the appropriate tune by Dr. Lowell Mason, now so familiar. The story of Does the hymn still appeal today? Or does it its composition reads like romance. need revision? Noone disputes that its language is chaste, its structure logical (once we grant the A lady residing in Savannah, Georgia, had in premises) and that it conforms in its imagery and some way become possessed of a copy of the rhythm to the laws of good hymnody. words, sent to this country from England. She was arrested by the beauty of the poetry and its The fact is that this hymn offers a concise possibilities as a hymn. But the meter of 7s, 6s, summary of the modern missionary enterprise as D., was almost new in this period; there was no conceived by the men who laid its foundations. tune which would fit the measure. She had been The first stanza proclaims the universality of the told of a young clerk in a bank, Lowell Mason by task; the second its necessity,. the third its name, just a few doors away down the street. It urgency,. the fourth its certainty of accomplishwas said that he had the gift for making beautiful ment. One could scarcely crowd an argument for songs. She sent her son to this genius in music, the basis, the aim, the motive and the goal of and in a half-hour's time he returned with this missions into smaller compass than we have in composition. Like the hymn it voices, it was done these four verses of eight lines each. at a stroke, but it will last through the years. An article recently appeared in the Christian An interesting passage in Heber's "Journal of Century deprecating "the slump in foreign misa Voyage to India" refers to the "spicy breezes" sions," and the writer gave reasons for decrease in that can be detected under certain circumstances, gifts and candidates. His diagnosis was masterly. thirty or forty miles from Ceylon. He said the churches today have lost the sense of Christ's supremacy and the unique character of His message. He is looked upon by many as only one among many saviours. Men have lost the sense of urgency; no longer do men worry to save Whatever may be true of odors wafted by lost souls or to evangelize the world in one gener- breezes from Ceylon seaward, there is no doubt ation. They have lost the sense of Christ's suffi- that the odor of the sweet ointment of this mis- ciency; there is no longer the calm assurance that sionary hymn poured out for Christ has been He alone can meet all of humanity's needs and wafted as a witness to all the world for over a aspirations.

century. It has been an inspiration to missionary If this be true of some of our churches and some gatherings held in many tongues. of our pulpits, then Bishop Heber's hymn comes

as a challenge. Chains of error still bind men and "Perhaps one of the most illuminating ways to women and little children in Africa and India. Lady Simons' recent book on "Slavery" and Kath- study idolatry sympathetically and scientifically is erine Mayo's "Volume Two" on child-marriage in India, make one ashamed of humanity. Along to watch what is done with a broken idol. The many an ancient river and in many a palmy plain superficial observer or the globe-trotter often THE RIGHT REV. REGINALD HEBER. D. D.. BISHOP OF CALCUTTA says: 'The Indians only think of their idols as there are still seen the horrors of heathenism and photographs of the divine, and they mean to them there are those who call us to deliver them from age-long error and darkness. exactly what the Sistine Madonna does to us.' If such an one really desires to learn whether an It was not the intention of Bishop Heber to assert that the inhabitants of Ceylon were sinners idol be only a photograph, let him watch what is vile above other men, but to point out, by one example of conditions in his day, the need for a done if a linga be broken. We have seen that it Saviour from sin in all its terrible forms in all the world and the tragedy of spiritual blindness cannot be repaired or mended, but must be rein the worship of the creature rather than the moved, and no man, Brahman, mason, or low- Creator-whether on the Gold-coast of Chicago or of West Africa- caste, dare enter into the inner shrine and lay Bows down to wood and stone. hands on a broken linga. "

There is no more sympathetic and truthful de- "When finally a sacred bull, by means of a gold scription of Hinduism extant than "The Rites of the Twice-born" by Mrs. J. St. Clair Stevenson or silver wire, has drawn the broken idol out (1920). It gives the detailed life-story of a Brahman from birth and babyhood to death and of the temple, it can be touched; so then the the funeral pyre. In the chapter on temple worship she writes: Brahmans take it, pack it up most carefully with sweets or sugar, and some high-caste gentleman, carrying it in his hand, drives or goes by rail to the sea. There he goes out in a boat and drops the parcel containing the linga into deep water."

Mrs. Stevenson alludes to the resulting Sakti- worship. "So widely spread is this sect that no book on modern Brahmanism would be complete which did not refer to it. For the sake of truth it may even be the terrible and austere duty of some one to investigate it but the present writer confesses herself unable to sully either her pages or her memory with further details."

"Can we whose souls are lighted with wisdom from on high" continue to discus-s the spiritual values of higher Hinduism and deny to the masses of India the lamp of life? If we no longer feel the urgency of our message it is because we have lost the overwhelming sense of its necessity. He who knows what salvation is for himself must share the good news.

Salvation! 0 Salvation! The joyful sound proclaim Till earth's remotest nation Has learned Messiah's name.

There is no substitute for the missionary pas- sion. To revive the spirit of evangelism, to restore the note of immediacy, to convince the world that we have a message sufficient for all men, every- where and always, we must go back to the Gospel as proclaimed by the apostles: "Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures and rose again."

Waft, waft, ye winds, His story, And you, ye waters, roll, Till like a sea of glory It spreads from pole to pole.

This missionary hymn does not need revlsIOn. It needs reiteration and revival. Mrica and India and we ourselves still need the old Gospel.

Untouchables by Whom

Touch India* By REV. WARREN H. WILSON, D. D., New York Secretary of the International Association of Agricultural )::.. Missions and a Member of the Mass Movement Survey Commission for India I T may be well to state what the mass-move- mands put a severe strain upon the missionaries ment in India is. From about 1880 to 1900 and tested the resources of the missions, which many converts came to the missions in India had not the facilities nor the experience needed from the outcaste or depressed classes. These to train so many illiterate and degraded people.

are of castes below the estima- It was not an attractive.task, tion of Hindus, but within the yet the missionaries have gone Hindu religion, who inherit at In India a population nearly about it bravely, and I am told birth the doing of menial and one-half the population of the t hat three-fourths of the degrading tasks in the villages United States is considered Christians in India are drawn of India. They are untoucha- "untouchable" by the various from this level of Indian socible; and in South India they castes. They are condemned ety.

are unapproachable. S 0 m e by birth to poverty and the The Survey Commission, en- come from aboriginal tribes most menial tasks. The Hin- gaged in the work of prepar- whom the Hindus and Moham- du religion and social system ing information that will be medans have oppressed. They offers them no escape except made available to all missions, sought Christian baptism, in t'hrough death. Christianity visited about two hundred vil- many cases confessedly, be- alone has offered them life lages in selected sample areas.

cause of its justice to the op- and hope. Multitudes have We interviewed about 11500 pressed, and for social and eco- sought this way out. What heads of families, making rec- nomic advantage. ,has been the result? What ords of their economic, social, They were not sought out by are the failures and the suc- educational arid religious expe- the missionaries in any way cesses recorded in Christian riences. There are said to be commensurate to the numbers missions? Dr. Wilson, who forty to sixty millions of these converted. They came of them- has recently returned from depressed classes in India.

selves. Many missionaries are inspecting many of these out- They usually live, at least in still in doubt as to their real caste communities, reports North India, on the hottest'- conversion and are still slow vividly what he has seen and and least desirable margin of to expect anything good from what he considers the next the village, outside the wall, in such wholesale "conversion." steps for their elevation and mud-houses, possess a few bul- The untouchables not only con- christianization. locks or buffaloes, some chick- fessed that they sought mate- ens, pigs and a few tools.

rial and social benefits, but Some of them pOssess a little they also demanded that the missionaries baptize land. All are forth-putting in business and are all the members of their families and all the fam- beginning to accumulate rupees. But their status ilies of their status in their villages. These de- is little changed, so far as we could observe, by reason of their conversion to Christianity. They • An address at the Twelfth Anniversary of the Association of Agri- still have the cleaning of the sewage refuse from the houses, sweeping the streets, carrying mescultural Missions. The Mass-Movement Survey. to assist in which sages and doing other menial services at birth and death, which are accounted unclean. Dr. Wilson was called to India. was one of three systematic studies On the other hand, these outcastes are secure made last year. The report is being prepared by Dr. J. W. Pickett. against hunger. They are paid in clothing and the director of the survey. It will be published by the National Chris- tian Council of India. The Institute of Social and Religious Research . has had much to do with all these studies which are an expression of the critical and intellectual spirit which desires to know the truth and to act upon experience. W. H. W.

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food, and within their social degradation they are The mission colleges are a problem by them- protected by Indian society, as others are pro- selves and their stateis to be found described in the tected who perform an office and fulfill their part. report of the Commission on Higher Education.

Their families are usually small; and in spite of Dr. Lindsay's statement confirms my observation all that has been said in some recent books, few that the colleges are doing nothing extensive for children are born to them. They have found some the untouchables who make up so vast a majority way of adjustment to the over-population of the of the Indian Christians. Medical service shows land that would surprise some. Their families are up better; though here also the larger hospitals just large enough to continue the stock without are used for the most part by the better educated increasing the "pressure on the land." classes, and by the wealthy whose fees and contri- I was surprised at finding these people neither butions help to support them. Agricultural mis- brutalized nor miserable. Their features are like sions come nearer to the depressed classes. The our own. Poor as they are, they show in their larger stations, like that at Allahabad under Dr.

faces none of the bleak and sodden hopelessness Sam Higginbottom, are so costly and thorough in of the British and American paupers. Bitterness their operation that they render a service to the we did not encounter, nor beggary in the villages. wealthy landowners that the poor ryot might These Christians, the first such converts in India, envy; yet they too are helping the poorer farmers.

ask no rice. They feed and clothe themselves; The smaller units in agriculture, such as Slater's and in the better missions they even support their poultry-and-goat enterprise at Etah, and Go- pastors. In a few places they contribute to the heen's farm at Sangli, come nearer to the common support of their village teachers and even to the people. As in medical service the great hospitals salaries of their administrators. Their women justify the existence of the smaller dispensaries, are subordinated; but working in the fields as so in agriculture the larger units teach and digni- they do, and freely going about the mohallas in fy the small. It is different in the case of the col- which are their houses, they exhibit a wholesome leges, which have become isolated from the' mis- and comely vigor. I never witnessed an immod- sionary enterprise.

est act of a woman while I was in India. There remains for the depressed classes only It may be well to mention what the churches the pastorate, with its attendant parochial school. India needs manses and school houses for the are doing in discipline and enrichment of the lives training of the villagers who have come in so of these unwanted Christians. There is one great numbers into the churches. Some missions broad distinction between the American and have not learned this distinction and most of those European missions. The Americans excel in in- which have not so learned are American missions. stitutions, the Europeans in pastorates. The for- The reason is that one I have given, that the mer like something big, whether it is a motor- Americans do not value the pastorate as the Euromechanic-school or a hospital, and theirs it is to peans do. The local parish is an European inhersupply colleges-except in the biggest cities where itance that has been derived from established the colleges are Scotch. The Europeans believe in churches. The governments of Europe generally the resident minister and teacher; they count not established parsons in villages and open country themselves to have arrived until there is a pastor places as representatives of government, and the living in the village, with a catechist near at Free churches that have derived their forms from hand, bringing to the problem the reinforcement that establishment carryon the same tradition. of personal influence to complete that of the The result seems to be that our American religispoken word. The root of this difference may be ous groups have, as a rule, a poorer record in servin the greater satisfaction the Europeans seem to ing the poor, and the Europeans do better in this have in the worship of God; and the greater be- respect. The only agency we discovered in India lief on the part of Americans in something utili- doing satisfactory work for the untouchables was tarian. European missions usually organize a village resident pastorate, reinforced by a their work about a church, and the American teacher who was also a village resident. about a station composed of school, dispensary, mission bungalows and church. The Europeans go to the village as the goal; Americans progress The Bishop of Dornakal, an Indian of the An- as far as a mission-station and send their or- glican Church, claims that in his diocese there are dained Indian ministers into the villages, to re- a thousand villages in which there is worship of turn home at night to the compound. There are God every night. What we saw supports the exceptions-notably the American United Pres- statement. The London Congregationalists in byterians who are promoting village pastorates; Travancore maintain resident village pastors and but this statement covers the work which I saw teachers, supported by their people in the village in traveling 22,000 miles in India. in which they live. This mission will not ordain

THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA

any minister until he has a village church that will be financially supported by the government."

support him. Meantime, although the British Government has The best example of this type of work we en- been wisely attentive to the needs of the people countered was at Govindpur in the Ranchi Dis- on the land, it has made efforts to develop such in- trict, where an Aboriginal Tribe, persecuted and dustries, and in these efforts has almost impover- exploited for centuries by Hindus, has been evan- ished the village artisan. Yet the Indian work- gelized, in the first instance by German Lutherans. man prefers his village and his bench, and his Their converts still wear the scanty garb without work in steel or leather, silver or gold, alongside hats, without shoes, and except on Sundays, the the village bazaar, rather than to live in a city men and most of the women wear no garments and to work in a factory. So far as artisans sur- above the waist. They support their pastors and vive in the Indian villages, they represent the cre- help to sustain village catechists as well as their ative artistic passion, which in India is as old as president and secretary. For it is an autonomous civilization, in a fight against the industrial ten- church. dencies of Great Britain and in competition with "The Pressure on the Land" the westernized mind of educated India.

The one fact which explains most completely The one impression therefore that I bring you the situation in India is called "the pressure of from India is of the vast agricultural people, not the people on the land." India is an area of moun- in our sense reluctantly tilling the soil until they tain, desert and fertile river valley about the size can get a white collar job or a wage in some city, of Europe without Russia, or about the size of our but contentedly and passively preferring the vil- Mississippi Valley with New England added. It lage in the face of all westernizing influences and is populated by two and one-half times as many every seeming advantage. Most visitors to India people as live in the United States and in sixty do not realize that it is an agricultural country, years the population has increased by 45.6%. and few are confronted with the agrarian passion These people are rural, dwelling in over 500,000 of the people. This is my testimony, living as I villages-nobody knows how many-some of them did in the villages of India, that their appetite for going to the few great cities for a job, but most the soil and for their labor in the fields is a pasof them coming home to live in the village. The sion for which we have no language in our West- Indian is not persuaded of the advantages of city ern vocabulary of emotion. We have assumed that life. He loves the village and the little town. I all kinds of people desire to be industrialized. Inam told that two-thirds of the population of Cal- dia is a denial of this assumption, and until our cutta and Bombay are transients and only five social wisdom is better, and our social vocabulary and one-half per cent of the whole population of is larger, we will not be able to express to our- India is industrialized. The powerful influence selves the agricultural appetite of the 351 million and example of Great Britain has made America people of India.

an industrial nation willing to see her farms aban- Now the people of India have their methods of doned and helpless at the sight of agriculture im- rationing this population. The first of these poverished. But England's example has not methods is caste. We have heard of caste on other changed the agricultural preference of India. In occasions. It is abhorrent to our Western minds. spite of tariffs and tax adjustments, made during Let me present caste as a method of living on the 100 years by the British Government in the inter- land and a method of rationing dwellers on the est of the factories of England and later in the in- land. Caste is the organization of society by terest of the factories of Bombay, Ahmedabad, which they all get food. Let no American or and Calcutta, the peasant of India works for European scorn these methods of organization wages reluctantly and soon returns to his village until he has pondered the fact that there is no and his home. He prefers to drive his ox rather breadline in India, though there are bad times there. There is no poorhouse, no almshouse, no than be driven by a foreman. soup kitchen, except when famine comes, and no Strange to say, even the efforts of government general method of treatment of the ailing by asy- lums. But the poor and the hungry live the family cannot establish many industries in India. Mr. life and live it at home, and they do not starve, Garratt in "An Indian Commentary" tells the story of the Tatanagar Works at Jamshedpur which were located at a point favorable for the se- except in times of general catastrophes or calamicuring of raw materials. They have the vast labor ties.

supplies of India at their disposal. The govern- The second method is the joint-family system ment has favored them in tariffs and bounties and by which when a man, who goes to the city for a by the purchase of their product. But after job, is out of a job, he can come home and live with twenty years the Tatanagar Works "still needs to his family; and that family is organized after a

manner of which we are incapable. Grandparents, traders, brokers and speculators, by any system of and parents, and children live together. The sons' direct exchange, we could make it possible for our wives are under the dominion of the grandmother land to support a much greater population with- and the children hardly know which is their own out the scandal of unemployment.

mother among the parents of the household, eat- Debt and the Poor Man ing as they do of the rice that is cooked on the Moreover the debt situation in India which is one fire and living on the one estate. All I have to so generally deplored should, I believe, be looked say about that system is that it works. at from the poor man's point of view. The In- The third method of life in India that helps the dian peasant who borrows must not be regarded as a sheer fool. The money lenders are not the people to have their food is the village system by which caste and the joint-family are permitted to only cunning men in India. The peasant who bor- rows has often no intention of repaying until he organize the vast multitudes of India in their re- is compelled. He is the only man in India who lation to the soil with mutual production. Not gets prompt service under the inflexible and rigid in any spirit of benevolence, but by tradition, the people live together in these villages. They are described as "a human organization whose pur- credit system of that country. His wants are atpose is the exploitation of the soil, with a view to tended to. He gets money when he needs it. He pays it back when he is compelled. It is true that ensuring a livelihood for the community." since the Indian peasant is a bad risk he pays a A System Akin to Slavery high rate of interest. The principal comes back I found in India also certain modifications of to the lender in the form of excessive interest.

the economic liberty of the individual which were But it seems to me that we should look upon it abhorrent to missionaries and officials. They seem from the point of view of the Indian peasant, and to be, and they are, forms like unto slavery. I not of the American economist or reformer.

mention them only because they seem to be meth- Mr. Gandhi has said that "when you think of ods by which the population is rationed. The the poor you should think with a poor man's "Kamia System" prevails in parts of India. Un- mind." I have attempted therefore to mention der this system a man can sell himself to a credi- those methods of Indian village life which seem tor who loans him even a small amount of money, to me to be adjustments to the pressure of the and the debt may be continued even into his son's people on the land. They have a certain use, at life in the next generation, while the debtor is put least in rationing the population and distributing in a servile relation to the creditor. The courts to each one those essentials of life which are need- have been unable to extinguish this system of ed by us all, namely, food, shelter, and clothing.

near-slavery. I mention it only because its pur- Having these the Indian peasant is all too content.

pose is to secure bread and shelter; since it works It is a cause of grief to the European observer and continues, it should first be inspected before that he does not seem to desire to increase his the attempt is made to abolish it. standard of living.

In the Ganges Valley we found the "Jajmani This system was of interest to me because of System" by which certain families of outcastes, or its efficiency in distribution of the products of the untouchables, were subjected to other families soil among a vast and steadily increasing popula- more respectable and elevated. But by this sys- tion, upon a soil that can be increased only within tem these untouchable families are fed, housed narrow limits.

and clothed. For all its subordination and its like- The Government of India is a government that ness to serfdom, it is a social relation that has a considers the poor. Being ourselves a young coun- money value, and the untouchable family can sell try we in America have not risen to that height.

fora price the right to serve their superiors. Fur- Our government considers the well-to-do, or at thermore, we discovered that those untouchable least the upper middle class. Its economic doc- and depressed outclassed households were by this trine is the preservation of prosperity. Not so method protected against want and hunger. the Government of India. Machinery has been Throughout India we also found that the people perfected by that government, through a century of the villages are protected against the encroach- and a half of experimentation, to a perfection that ments of the trader class by a system of local in this century has practically abolished famine markets. In the Ranchi District these markets and has greatly reduced the death rate by certain are out under the trees near the village, and to diseases. The increase in the population of India them the villagers walk, carrying their products is partly a result of these activities I am about to from one to five miles, trading with one another describe. Briefly speaking, the government's pol- without the intervention of a merchant class. If icy of farm relief is a response to the reports made we in America could eliminate the middleman, by every District Magistrate to his superiors.

THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA

When these reports give notice of scarcity in a we do not know about. For years John Goheen section described, the attention of the whole gov- has been the president of his mission at Sangli ernment is turned in that direction. If later the and you never hear of him. The work of E. E.

responsible officer, that is, the collector in that dis- Slater at Etah is mainly bestowed upon the devel- trict, reports want, then a technical ministry of opment of poultry, and now of goats, for the im- the government proceeds to lighten taxation, mak- provement of the diet of the villagers in the Gan- ing a particular kind of loan, alert to prevent what ges Valley. You have probably never heard of may follow. Slater's work, but he also has been for years the If famine follows, the third descent toward hun- president of his mission. Now the Government ger, the Government acts at once; a state of fam- has approved of a grant for an enterprise of his ine is declared, the Government suspends taxes, that will set him forward for five years in his plans releases people from other obligations, issues loans for the physical and economic prosperity of these where necessary, and Jllldertakes to employ and to villages. I could speak at length about these agri- feed the population in the territory described. cultural enterprises which I have seen and of Famine used to be the gaunt spectre of India, ac- which I have heard. The passion for the land companying war and disease. Thus it desolated among the Indian peasantry makes agricultural the land and kept the population down. Now al- missions easy, so that it is no exaggeration to say though by the nature of the country and the im- that the teaching of agriculture in India is better mensity of the population there is famine some- than it is in America.

where every year, the range of it is limited, and India is a land in which prosperity is evident. its effects upon the people are forestalled by a wise It is not the prosperity of lip-stick, silk stockings, Government. India is a land in which not only radios and automobiles that are "put across" by is the instinctive and traditional life of the people high pressure salesmen. India does not welcome organized for living upon the soil, but also where the salesman of that kind, and does not much dethe attention of the Government is mainly direct- sire the uniform product. But the Indian peasant ed toward the same end. is traveling; the trains are crammed with white- clad and white-turbaned figures. The railroad In that spirit the Government has promoted co- stations are the centers of enthusiastic throngs operative organization for rural credit, and for of trippers. Motor lorries are filled to the roof certain other agricultural processes with some with bright and alert villagers going from place success. I am not one to believe that cooperation to place. The people today dress better, I am told; can be promoted by either a government agency they are buying the manufactured products of Inor by a religious agency as well as by the people dia and of Europe in increasing amounts. They themselves. But one must admit that in India the are lighting their houses with kerosene, and their Government and certain of the missions have had cities and towns in an increasing degree with eleca record of success. Agricultural science, both in tricity. The very unrest of India is evidence, to experiment and in teaching, is an agency of the the social philosopher, of minds released from the Government. Vast irrigation projects have been fear of hunger to yearn after greater liberties. used to extend the arable areas, some of which ex- India prefers prosperity, not as an attainment of ceed the magnitude of the Suez Canal, and one social elevation, but as promise of enjoyment in alone will water an area as great as the irrigated feasts, in clothing, in more abundant food and in area of Egypt. Last of all the Government has travel. The Indians are the original "ultimate attempted by industrialization to elevate the consumers" and their prosperity is evidenced, not standard of living of the people of India.

Some Agricultural Missions in building bigger factories, but in using the goods. The Indian does not attempt to reach a Now I went to India intending to spend my higher level of economic expenditure when money comes to him, but he attempts to enjoy his money spare time in the study of agricultural missions, at once in feasts, garments and in the showy enand found that the great work of Sam Higginbot- joyable experiences of a glad consumer. tom has been more successful than even Sam himself has reported. His enterprise at Allahabad ought to be pictured and celebrated by a more elo- But this prosperity lifts the lid of the kettle quent pen. His success in building soil and creat- of fears and fills the house with the steam of as- ing orchards, and his attainment in teaching agri- piration. To change the figure a little, it opens culture, are far beyond anything we have real- the throttle of the boiler and permits the steam ized. An Englishman, well informed, once said to power to go out to the engineering of all human me that Sam Higginbottom is the greatest mis- dreams. India has always been a land of abstrac- sionary in India. But I was even more interested tions and aspirations, expressed in schemes and in other agricultural projects of a modest sort that idealized performance. Now with just enough

prosperity, widely distributed among the poor, the But the amazing thing I found in our mission people of India want what they never wanted be- work is that, in spite of the great number of fore. women missionaries, nothing adequate is done for The first thing they want is justice, equality. the Indian woman as a woman, a wife, a mother No, it is not the first. What the people want first and a citizen. In a few places obstetrical work is of all is land. One is saluted by beggars, not in being done for her in the experience of child- the villages, but in the seaports and at the rail- birth. There is medical work by women for road stations. In villages they did not ask for women which cannot be too highly praised.

money or for bread, but they did many times ask Zenana mission work is organized in sections for land. That is the first aspiration of India. where purdah confines the woman to the house.

Indeed land is the first pledge to justice and equal- But the women of India are not adequately ap- ity. But the lawyers of India and the pedagogues proached as such by the women of America.

are the two largest educated groups. They want Christianity has done much for women in Amer- justice. They have read about European systems ica. The Gospel has been laid hold of by our that match the dreams of the Indian philosopher American women in the past fifty years and be- with reality. They have a hunger for equality cause of its teachings great organizations have which the peasants express in saying "give us been formed in our American churches, the most land." The townsmen and the lawyers, and the powerful, the most administrative and the most college professor express it in saying, "give us enjoyable, by which women do missionary work independence, Dominion status or freedom from at home and abroad. It is a great feminist or- England." ganization, but none of it gets into the experience What India Wants of our missionaries abroad. The first satisfaction of the hunger of India will, I think, be a move- But the desires of India are not expressed by ment by American women to advance the mind her lawyers or her pedagogues. Their education and spirit of Indian women living in the jointis European and therefore their social hunger is family system so that they may become more in- European. What India wants is what a poor man telligent wives, and mothers, and citizens. desires. If I may interpret the hungers of India from their organization to which they have ad- To this end our own education, and the present hered, from their joint-family system, from the system of education in the Indian schools and colclustering in villages from which they have shown leges are equally unfitted. Some harm is done by no departure, from the tenacity with which they mission schools in so influencing the minds of live in the same section after decades of railroad their young women graduates that they never organization, after a century of good roads, and a marry. A sterilizing operation is performed on century and a half of good government, I would their mind that prevents them from having a say that the hunger of India is first of all for a home or children. What we need is an underhome, a habitat for the joint-family, with land as standing of women by women in terms of the life its basis. The Government's effort to supply In- they must live. The source of it will be found dia's need has been, I suppose, the greatest colon- very largely in our poetry and our fiction, in which ial project in human history. But there is right the woman at home in America and in Western here an unsatisfied want of India which the Gov- Europe has been understood-her fortitude, her ernment can never satisfy. The Indian wants a gentleness and her dynamic power through her home, a family life, a habitat for his joint-family husband, her children and her neighbors. The organization by which he is fed, and housed, and mission to the home in India cannot be accomclothed. The satisfaction of his want will be given plished by those who condescend. It requires the him in the training of the women of India. preparation of women, before they go out from Christian lands, in the history and the nature of Everywhere throughout India the woman is the family life, for which few of our universities are chief expression of the hunger of India. Do not now equipped. think that all the Indian women are either brow- beaten or enslaved. They are wholesome looking The Indian also has hunger for beasts; he loves creatures, showing none of the scars of the de- his ox and his buffalo. He is said to worship the plorable degradation one so often hears about. If cow. I cannot endorse the worship of the cow, she is browbeaten or degraded she does not often but I can justify the feelings of the illiterate who, show it. She is in a subordinate· position, but with his ancestor before him for a thousand years, subordination is universal in the Indian social has lived with his hand on the hairy hide of the life. The women are recognized by all writers as bullock or the grotesque head of the buffalo, and a great obstacle to progress, to justice, and to who thinks of them with religious gratitude. We Christianity. must not lightly turn away from their feelings.

THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA

But the greatest hunger of India is to be free of Scripture committed to memory, seemed to me from fears. The Indian peasant wants to stand the best attainment in India.

up and look his fellows in the face. This simple n is a strange thing to read the words of this change of posture is the most complicated thing in Hindu lawyer giving high praise to missionaries the world. I have been reading the story of the of the Cross of Christ, and saying that they Mundas and the Uraons, aboriginal tribes with brought to these persecuted Mundas and Uraons whom I spent the months of March and April last manly independence and moral dignity. That year. They have been persecuted, exploited, seems to me to be the highest tribute to be paid robbed and oppressed by Hindu masters. These the Christian religion as to its ability to satisfy parasites have pursued them out of the Ganges the hunger of a great people. These aboriginal Valley and up into the higher mountain lands, into tribes build no colleges, establish no hospitals; the deep jungles, where the Mundas and Uraons they have provided the people only with the have cleared the soil with unbelievable labor and preaching of the Christian Gospel and the minis- have built their homes. One remote place after try of Christian pastors living in the villages.

another has been conquered by their heroic toil The hunger of India calls for very much that we and now the jungles have been cleared and made cannot give, but the one offering we can make is habitable. For centuries they had no protection acceptable to the very heart of India, namely, except to fly at their oppressors and burn their teaching moral dignity to the women in the homes houses, kill their wives and children, supposing and to the men in the villages. This is a by- that by terror they might secure some release. product of Christian teaching. The purpose of The courts and the laws of the British Govern- the Gospel is to bring men to worship God, but ment when Britain became the ruler of India were this by-product in the present need of India is ineffective, according to Mr. Roy, the lawyer who most precious.

has written the story of the Mundas. But he pays For the satisfaction of the Nationalist spirit of tribute to the Christian missionary who brought India, however, we have much to give. An Indian to these persecuted Mundas and Uraons the Word prince in New York recently asked Americans to of God, lived by resident missionaries, and exem- give India agriculture and medical missions. With plified in the lives of German, English and Bel- the growing spirit of national independence India gian Christian ministers. will accept the education we can give, the agricul- This Hindu writer pays a surprising tribute to ture and the medicine. These the churches are "their conversion-and the consequent growth of eager to convey to the peoples of India, and the manly independence among them." He says: "In growing spirit of India will accept those gifts as Mundari and Uraon villages of the Ranchi Dis- gladly as we give them. But my conviction is, trict, the most careless observer can tell the house after this period of service and observation in of a Christian convert of some year's standing India, that the greatest offering we can give is the from that of his non-Christian fellow tribesmen by resident pastor living with the people. I well the greater cleanliness of the Christian's house know that our American missions differ from the and the general neatness and orderliness of every- European in the low esteem we place upon the thing about it." Elsewhere he asserts that Chris- work of the ordained Christian minister. Ameri- tian missions have given, what British laws and cans delight to see a vast hospital with the Cross courts could not furnish, namely, moral dignity to over its door. Europeans are not so sure that re- the oppressed folk. Among the Mundas and ligion can express itself as well in a hospital as in Uraons the Germans have maintained no hospi- a house of worship. Americans delight in a so- tals. Their leaders deplore their lack of a college called Christian college. Europeans probably for the higher education of leaders, being, I sup- have long distrusted the connection between the pose, unaware that the Christian colleges fail to Christian religion and secular education. We are educate the children of villagers. But they have only beginning to feel that distrust. But the Euro- pastors living in villages where their churches pean carries his interest in religion clear through are located, and catechists in the villages in which to its expression in the congregation and the pastheir people live. In this they are like the other tor. They believe in bishops who are also pastors European missions I have mentioned. In this at l.arge. But religion is adequately expressed penetration to the villages with the Gospel, not to an European only in the congregation and only spoken, but lived, by trained and ordained the pastor. All our mission work ought to be men, they exemplify the highest attainment of the reorganized so that the offerings of America Christian Gospel, among an oppressed and ex- should be in· proper balance, and the center of equilibrium must be the pastor living with his ploited people. Their services of worship, elabor- people. And we should send women trained for . ate in ritual, noble in music, and abundant in use teaching the home-dwelling woman in villages. By the REV. J. HARRY COTTON, D. D., Columbus, Ohio Joseph Cook Lecturer on India for 1931·32 M y present visit to India has made increas- gelism. They especially attack the use of hospi- ingly clear to me the fact that Christian- tals and educational services as opportunities to ity can make no peace with Hinduism. win disciples to Jesus Christ. It is possible that No honest visitor can deny the excellent things in there have been breaches of good taste in the Hindu philosophy and practice. :6ut we went to matter of trying to convert sick people. But it is Benares. There we saw the crudity, the filth, the as true that the fundamental reason for all this superstition and the pathos of Indian faith. The opposition to proselytism is the fear that the golden temple, the most sacred temple of Benares, Christians are growing too rapidly in numbers was crowded with visitors coming from the for the comfort of Hinduism. Part of this fear is Ganges where they had bathed .and prepared to political as in the case of the Hindu Mahasahba.

make their offerings. Within the temple was no This organization is pledged to win back to Hin- image of any god, but only the phallic symbol, duism as many of its former adherents as pos- so constantly seen in Indian temples. sible, simply to strengthen the Hindu political A few days later we sat on the steps of a clean, position. Tremendous pressure was brought chaste little temple on the banks of one of the against Christians during this past census to get rivers into which the Ganges breaks up before it them to declare themselves Hindus, whatever pours itself into the Bay of Bengal. We sat, their belief.

watching the river flow by, and talked for two A great center of missionary work that we hours with a monk of the Ramakrishna mission were privileged to visit is Allahabad. It is one on the things of the spirit. I was impressed by of the holiest cities of India, for it is here that his ideals of oneness with God, peace of spirit the Jumna and the Ganges rivers join. If one is and absence of injury. But when I mentioned to believe the Indian traditions, a third river what I had seen in Benares and told of the multi- comes out of the ground and joins the two. Here tudes who were washing there to have their sins at the great feast, or Mela, in January over a removed, he could take no exception. It was their million pilgrims gather each year and bathe in faith, he said, they could find peace through those the mingling of the waters. Here in the midst rites. In a later incarnation they might be born of Hinduism, the Presbyterian mission is conduct- into higher insight. ing a great work. Across the Jumna River from It is this easy-going acquiescence with things the city is the wonderful Agricultural Institute as they are that so thoroughly condemns Hindu- of Dr. Bam Higginbottom. Here the Christian ism. With this attitude the Gospel of Christ, Gospel seeks to bring to India the abundant life.

with its urgent Gospel of redemption, can make Here are experiments in cattle-breeding, with milk no peace. carefully weighed and tested for each separate On the other hand I have been impressed with cow, food weighed and varied in experiment, the the eager reception that students give to the whole thing done most scientifically. Here are Christian message in India. In Lahore I was in- two agricultural schools, one for men of college vited by the principal to speak in the Sanatan standing, doing advanced and scientific work, and Dharma College one noon. The classes were dis- one for young men from the mass movement missed and over 400 students gathered under the areas who, lacking education, are yet permitted trees. Here they sat on the ground or stood and to learn by practice the principle of sound farm- listened for almost an hour to a lecture on Chris- ing.

tian faith. And this is one of the most orthodox If the Indian village can be put on a sounder of Hindu colleges. economic basis and the frightful poverty allevi- It is equally true that many Hindu thinkers and ated, even in a slight way, it will be the first step leaders are today opposing what they call prose- to advance along many lines cultural, sanitary lytism and what the Christian church calls evan- and domestic, as well as religious.

[226]

Christ's Method of

..:( By DR. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM Allahabad. India T o the thoughtful, devout Christian who is the world and preach the Gospel to every creature seeking to know and to do God's will in … cast out demons … and lay hands on the spreading the good news of Salvation sick." (Mark 16 :15-18.) According to Matththrough Jesus Christ, our Lord, there arise ques- ew's record He sent forth His disciples to "teach tionings. The progress of winning the world to all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Christ seems very slow. There is so much ef- Father, and of the Son and the Holy Ghost, teachfort and with so little apparent result. Chris- ing them to observe all things whatsoever I have tians do not question the adequacy of the Lord commanded you." (Matthew 28 :19-20.) Jesus to save to the uttermost all who come to Him in faith. They believe that the power is We are on safe ground, therefore, when we there; why then can we not more completely ex- urge preaching as an important and essential perience that in carrying that saving knowledge method in the spreading of the Gospel. But is to every creature'? preaching alone sufficient'? May we expect the world to come to a saving knowledge of the Lord In all cases of doubt and questionings our re- Jesus through preaching alone? sort is to the Word of God. Let us then, in all reverence, see what light His Word will throw I believe that the Lord Jesus sets forth that on these questions that may help us in our great more than preaching is necessary. The Gospel, task. We assume that those who bear the ves- as revealed by its Author, has three forms of acsels of the Lord are clean, that they have experi- tivity, all of which He used. They are like a enced the new birth, that they are consecrated, rope with three strands-Preaching, Healing, that they purpose to do the will of God as they Teaching. understand it. To PREACH is to proclaim as a herald, to trum- Is the method that we use today to spread the pet, to inspire to action. Gospel the same that our Lord gave us, both by specific command and by example'? Do we put To HEAL means to restore to health, both body the emphasis where He put it'? Do we preserve and mind; to cure disease, both of body and mind; the balance between the different ways of spread- to make whole or healthy; to cast out evil ing the Gospel that He exemplified in His own spirits. ministry? To TEACH means to instruct, to cause to learn. Jesus Christ announced His program for His There is in teaching the idea of repetition, of conown ministry in the synagogue at Nazareth tinuing till the truth be grasped by the learner. (Luke 4 :18-19). "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he hath anointed me to preach The Gospels clearly distinguish between the Gospel to the poor; He hath sent me to heal preaching and teaching and healing. We do well the broken hearted, to preach deliverance to the to follow the lead of the Gospels. "Jesus began captives and recovering of sight to the blind, to to preach." (Matt. 4:17.) "Jesus went about set at liberty them that are bruised, to preach all Galilee teaching in their synagogues and the acceptable year of the Lord." preaching the Gospel of the Kingdom, and heal- ing all manner of sickness and all manner of dis- Preaching takes first place in this program; ease among the people." (Matt. 4 :23 and 9 :35.) but not to the exclusion of healing the affiicted and delivering the oppressed. We note that The word preach and its derivatives is used Jesus spent much of his time in preaching. thirty-one times in the Gospels. Christ gave the (Matt. 4:17; Matt. 11:1; Mark 1:38.) command to preach always in conjunction with coordinate commands to heal and to teach. He Jesus himself preached and he appointed and preached, He healed, He taught, as a harmonious sent forth His disciples to preach, and also gave blending. It is unthinkable that He would spend them power to heal the sick, and to cast out de- this time doing the less important-when the mons. (Mark 3 :14-115; Matt. 10 :7, 8.) more important was to be done.

Our Lord's final word to His disciples after His The word ·"teach" and its derivatives is used crucifixion and resurrection was to "go into all forty times in the Gospels.

Our Lord was fully occupied with praying prec- edent to preaching, teaching, healing and attend- [227]

ing weddings, dinners, funerals and other social ample, not only of our Lord, but of the most suc- functions. cessful foreign missionary the Church has ever When Jesus was on earth there were in the known? We have no record that our Lord Jesus synagogue regular religious services for worship ever rescinded or abrogated His commands to daily as well as on the Sabbath, and there was in preach, to heal, to teach what He taught.

addition a day school held in the synagogue. This If this is true, then by what authority do we was where Jesus received His secular education. neglect them? Should we not obey Him fully?

His love for the children was probably fostered In December, 1903, I attended a Christian Stuby contact with them in these schools. dents' Conference at Etawah at which was a num- ber of recent Indian converts. I asked each one Jesus was evidently a good speaker, enunciated privately what it was in Dr. John Mott's mesclearly, did not speak too fast, and properly modulated His voice so that all could hear. sage that has caused him to take another stand. What we call "The Sermon on the Mount," Each one said that Dr. Mott had put the matter as teaching is unsurpassed and unsurpassable; in such a way that they felt it natural to carry unique, as Christ himself is unique. I suppose out their preconceived desire to openly confess that He repeated much of this teaching in the Christ. Some had been secret believers for years synagogues. When He saw the multitudes "as and all had given years to Bible study in mission sheep not having a shepherd He began to teach schools or colleges. During my life in India, I them many things." (Matt. 9 :36 and Mark 6 :34.) nave sought to trace the cause that has led to If the literate Jews in the villages needed to be men's conversion. I have never heard of anyone, taught many things, how much more do the mul- totally ignorant of the Gospel, who has been pertitudes need it in our Indian villages r suaded to accept Jesus Christ as his Lord and Jesus differentiated between preaching and Saviour after hearing it preached once. Con- teaching. He went up into the temple and version has come as the result of study and pon- taught. (Matt. 26:55; John 7:14; 8:2; 18:20; dering.

Mark 8 :31; 9 :31; 12 :35; Luke 19 :47.) "He was I am convinced that Christian schools and colteaching in one of the synagogues on the Sab- leges where non-Christians are taught by spiritbath." (Luke 13 :10.) filled men and women are about the best evan- We see that our Lord by command and exam- gelistic agencies we have. Boys and girls enter ple used preaching, healing, and teaching as es- the mission schools at an impressionable age.

sentials in His Gospel of Salvation. If we com- They watch the lives of their teachers. In the pare our present method with the method of daily Bible study period they can ask questions Jesus have we anything to learn? Should evan- and hear the answers. A careful distinction gelistic workers spend all their time preaching as should be drawn between the ingathering of edu- that term is commonly understood? Should their cated Indians and the ingathering in mass move- training include healing and teaching? Does the ment areas. When the educated men and women emphasiR on preaching to the exclusion of these are converted it means that the Holy Spirit has other two factors lead to the right attitude of persuaded them to accept the Lord Jesus as their mind on the part of the preacher? Does preach- Saviour. They are really born again. In the ing alone tend to develop spiritual pride, self- case of most mass movement converts, baptism righteousness and exclusiveness? Does it lead to does not necessarily mean a true understanding of that ingathering into the Church and the King- its significance or a definite committal to the Lord- dom that we have every right to expect from the ship of Jesus. Usually such converts are dissatis- promises and encouragement and presence of our fied with their position and see a w.ay out through Lord and Saviour among us? Does the preacher baptism. They desire a change but do not un- need these other activities to keep him balanced? derstand what the change involves. They must be The writer of the Acts, which is one of the most taught and built up in faith and character. In vital books of the Bible for us at the present day some missions many years of mass movement in India, says: "The former treatise have I work produces only a small minority of converts made, 0 Theophilus, of all that Jesus began both who are fit for full church membership. I firmly to do and to teach." The last verse of the Acts, believe that the mass movement is of God. The which seems to break right off in the middle of results are unquestionable, but we need to be things, says: "PauL… preaching the King- careful and to analyze the various factors. The dom of God and teachIng those things which con- New Testament lays down the three-fold mission- cern the Lord Jesus Christ, with all confidence, no ary method: preaching, teaching, healing. These man forbidding him." Should we not bring the are coordinate, and we cannot ignore anyone of Acts to a logical conclusion by following the ex- these methods without injury to the cause.

A Christian Missionary to

The Rev. William Mitchell Paden, D. D., of Salt Lake City By the REV. A. J. MONTGOMERY, D. D. ]:..

Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., Department of Alaska, Indians and Mormons O NE of the great men of the West, a distin- 1912. One of the missionaries present struck a guished missionary to the Mormons, died spark of deep emotion in the hearts of all by re- in Salt Lake City, Utah, September 17, ferring to generous help which Dr. Paden had so 1931, at the ripe age of seventy-seven years. The freely given. As adviser and guide, as friend death of Dr. William M. Paden marks the removal and sympathizer, he is enshrined immortally in of a last link in the chain of distinguished home the hearts of those who knew him.

missionaries of the Roc k y . Many of Dr. Paden's activ- Mountain district. The fame ities led him out into the field and influence of such men as of nation-wide interests. Some the late Bishop Spaulding, Dr. years ago, when the Mormon Thomas C. Iliff, Dr. Wishard hierarchy deemed it advisable and Dr. Martin were not local to make a practical test of the but nation-wide. Such men of strength of the feeling in the the old guard sounded no retreat United States in regardtopolyg- and sought no compromise, but amous marriages, Brigham H.

contended earnestly for the Roberts ran as a candidate for Christian faith amid many dif- representative in Congress. He ficulties. Now the last survivor was openly known as a polyg- of that splendid pioneer group amist, and with Mormon back- has entered into rest. ing was elected. A wave of William M. Paden was en- indignation swept over the na- deared to the missionaries of tion. Protests began to rise the Presbyterian Church and to from coast to coast, and it was those of all the other Protest- evident that the sense of de- ant denominations working in cency of right thinking people Utah. His was a deep and prac- had been outraged. It was Dr.

tical sympathy. He always un- Paden, along with Thomas C.

derstood. He knew their prob- THE REV. WILLIAM M. PADEN, D. D. Iliff and Clarence Thurston lems and the pressure which Brown, who gathered the evi- the Mormon authorities could dence, directed the campaign bring to bear on any particular spot. His mind over the whole nation and organized public was philosophical and analytical, and he could in- sentiment that denied Roberts a seat in Con- terpret the peculiar phenomena to be found in gress. Thus the Mormon hierarchy had its first Utah where Christianity is still a minority reli- experience of the force of the vox populi.

gion. For sixteen years he occupied positions in Later, when Apostle Reed Smoot was elected as his church which demanded close supervision of senator from Utah, again there was a protest the field work, and was brought into intimate con- raised against seating in Congress this high dig- tact with the homes and lives of many missiona- nitary of the Church of the Latter Day Saints.

ries. He was keen and sympathized with their Dr. Paden was called to be the chairman of the burdens in a very practical way and often made Utah Citizens Committee, which framed and it possible for a missionary family to meet a cri- pushed the protest. Though they did not succeed sis, financial or otherwise. in preventing· the seating of Mr. Smoot, neverthe- A memorial service was held for Dr. Paden in less the agitation led to a national disapproval the First Presbyterian Church of Salt Lake City, of the practice of polygamy and caused the presi- where Dr. Paden had been pastor from 1897 to dent of the Mormon Church to abrogate its prac- [229]

tice. After the admission of Utah as a state and Paden rendered was to give an address on Morthe enactment of a federal law against polygamy monism to the young people's classes of the Sunthe approach of Christian missions to Mormonism day school of the University ward of Salt Lake was greatly changed. Dr. Paden's personality en- City. Two classes were consolidated and Dr. Paabled him to bridge the gap between the old and den was given an earnest hearing as he skilfully the new. The technique that was found useful called attention to some of the deficiencies and in the days of Dr. Wishard's pioneering had be- trends of their Mormon religion. come less valuable. New attitudes, new contacts and new approaches were required. Unusual Perhaps the greatest service of this home misqualities of mind and heart are needed to change sionary of the Christian church has been along from methods that have been endeared by use and the lines of cooperative effort. In all Utah and sacrifice to entirely new approaches, yet this in the southern part of Idaho the Mormons prechange was made by Dr. Paden and others. Facts dominate and dominate in every way-politically, have justified the change and evidence is not lack- in business, socially and religiously. Mormonism ing that within "Mormonaria," to use one of Dr. is a clan, with clan thinking, action and move- Paden's whimsical terms, there is now going on a ment. It is impossible to describe adequately the ferment which may in the future be evidenced in solidity of the opposition to the Christian propamost surprising results. ganda. Christianity is a minority religion and for that reason separateness on the part of the No man ever fought the evils of Mormonism various Christian groups would be without exmore effectively than Dr. Paden, and yet he was cuse. A Home Missions Council was organized generally on friendly terms with its leaders. Dr. for Utah and has functioned splendidly. Work- Edward Laird Mills, editor of the Pacific Chris- ers in that state boast that competition has been tian Advocate, in an editorial on Dr. Paden, calls eliminated; allotments of territory have been attention to the fact that on a certain Sunday made and accepted, and an interdenominational morning in the fall of 1916 Hon. Brigham Roberts, Christian workers' conference is held periodically. Dr. Paden and himself sat down together at break- Nowhere can a better cooperative spirit be found fast in Richfield, Utah. No one would ever have among religious bodies. In all this Dr. Paden guessed that two of the men had been opponents wrought valiantly with the purpose of presenting in a bitter struggle. One of the last services Dr. a united and loyal front for Christian advance.

The Po-wer of India's Women By E. MARIE HOLMES Gauhati, Assam, Principal of the Girls' Boarding School, American Bat>tist Mission W OMAN anywhere is baffling, elusive; the Rajput Rani Padmani, Queen-mother of twelve Orient is always secretive, mystical. So an sons, outwitting Allah-ud-din, and effecting her Indian woman is a double conundrum. husband's rescue. Who can read the mind of the woman whose dress screens her face from one's gaze? Who can know There are also the unnamed and unnumbered the heart of one whose customs are curtains of women of Chitore, each dressed in her wedding concealments? For a score of years I have counted gown, and each holding her children by the hand, Indian women among my friends, but today I am as she calmly walks into the flames of Johar-the not so sure, as I was fifteen years ago, that I have even a slight understanding of my Indian sister. death of honor-while her husband goes forth to She so often fails to react as I expect. She is sell his life at a high price, so that when Allahalways surprising me. As I read history I marvel ud-din enters Chitore it is a smouldering city of at the brilliant chapters written by veiled women the dead. who courted seclusion. As I read the signs of the times, I am amazed at the power of soft voices There is Razia Begum, daughter of Altamishspeaking from the folds of concealing draperies. declared by her father to be worth more than a score of sons-sitting on the throne of Delhi by Foremost in any review of Indian women is the the nearly unanimous vote of the nobles.

There is Isa Begum, bestowed upon one of the chief officers of the man who had defeated her

THE POWER OF INDIA'S WOMEN

husband in battle, locking her new master in her the villages married women were not allowed to room, bidding her ladies stab him to death and have hypodermics for Kala-azhar, because this throw him from the window, while she sends word kept them away from the work of the house and to her husband's conqueror: "I am the wife of field too long. When I protested that even wives Yunas. Contrary to law, you gave me to another would die of Kala-azhar if they did not take the man, so I slew him. Come and slay me if you prescribed injections, this girl (herself a young choose." wife who had not been allowed to finish the treat- ments) said, "When one wife dies, it is very easy There is Mahum, beloved wife of Babar, to to get another." This will not continue to be the greet whom the Emperor runs barefoot, bare- case when the women, who have so recently taken headed, six miles out from Agra, coming back to public platforms, extend their mission to the over the dusty road walking alongside the royal village. chair and holding Mahum's hand. The growth of the spirit of nationalism has There is Nurjahan, the bride for whom Jehangir opened a new world for the women of India. They waited fourteen and six years, becoming the are grasping their new opportunities with the old power behind the Mogul thron€. spirit of abandonment and self-sacrifice. This is the human material from which the Spirit of God There is Mumtaj Mahal, the mother of thirteen is calling forth a church of Christ in India. It is of Shah Jahan's children, and the refining influ- from this heritage of loyalty, bravery, constancy ence in his life, the inspiration for the Taj Maha!. and devotion that already the Christian Church in India boasts an honor roll of such women as There is Kisen Kumari, the beautiful virgin Chandra Lila and Pandita Ramabai, Lilevati 'Singh Rajput Princess of the nineteenth century, who to and Lakshmi Goreh. end the civil strife caused by rival chiefs demanding her in marriage, stands unflinching to receive Not unlike Sadhu Sundar Singh's testimony the steel of her brother's dagger. When his cour- concerning his mother's influence is the tribute age fails and the dagger falls to the floor, she which Isahoc K. Marak gave his mother at our holds three draughts of poison to her lips with recent Gauhati Bible Class. He said: "My mother steady hand. When these fail to act, she requests must have been a very religious woman. Although a deadly dose of opium, and lays her down to she died when I was but a boy, I can remember sleep, knowing that she will never waken. how she prayed with me about many things. The hymns I remember most distinctly are those she These are not poets' tales, but historical annals sang to me when I was a child. She so filled my of the royal women of India. young life with spiritual things, that becoming a Christian seemed as natural as growing in physi- When such women were queens and empresses, cal stature." must not here have been multitudes of women of like spirit among their sUbjects? The Rajput cus- It is in the women that the real strength of tom of Johar, the Hindu suttee, prove that femi- Hinduism lies today. It is the women who cling nine constancy, devotion and intrepidity were not most tenaciously to caste, to purdah, to ceremoconfined to royalty. nies. In Moslem homes it is the women, usually the older women, who watch most vigilantly for What of the Indian womanhood of our day? Is any suggestion of departure from their faith, and it strong and courageous? Does the spirit of hero- who repulse any statement that may be at variism survive? Recent events indicate that it does. ance with accepted Moslem belief. I believe that if the men of Hindu and Moslem households were Regardless of what we may think of picketing to tear down the purdahs of their homes and inand of other non-cooperation activities, we must vite their women out into public life, the women admit that the women of India made a large con- would respond by weaving heavier purdahs and tribution to the success of the movement that has staying more closely behind them. Times without taken India to the foundation. number I have seen zenana women exalt their restrictions under the purdah system, much as a Is Mahatma Gandhi imprisoned? Mrs. Naidu newly betrothed girl parades her diamond ring. succeeds him in command, and Mrs. Gandhi car- But when, if ever, discarding purdah appeals to ries on bravely according to her ability. the women of India as a duty, they will discard it Does R. C. Das fall? His wife steps into the as their own right.

breach. I think of Soniram Borah's quiet little illiterate girl-wife, successfully thwarting her husband's Do lawyers and leaders of men talk of annulling well-laid plans to put his son in a mission boardthe Sardar Act? Women hold mass meetings, and voices that were but recently wont to whisper softly behind purdahs, thunder forth from public platforms, "The Sardar Act .shall stay/" A far cry, that, from the Laws of Manu! It sounds like a voice from another world than that of the Kamrup Indu villager, who told me last week that in

ing school. She had no physical force; she did not not have money, not even egg money (although raise her voice. She used her tongue most effec- they do have eggs of varied grades!) but they tively by not using it at all. For days on end she give what they have-the rice that they help did not speak to her husband nor to anyone else transplant, that they husk and clean, that they in his presence. She did not cook his rice. She cook for the daily meals. With this "rice money"

would not brew his tea. Thus she prevented her they support evangelists and teachers and send son from being sent to a mission school. girls (and boys) to school-not their own boys All over the land there are many sons of India and girls, but children of the community who give who would become professed followers of Jesus promise of becoming leaders. It was the sacrificial Christ were they not the sons and husbands of giving of the women of 'South Kamrup that re- quiet women who will not allow any such depar- sulted in the opening of the Gauhati Boarding ture from their ancestral faith. If India is to be School for Girls. In those days a man was usually won for Jesus Christ, the women of India must chairman of the Woman's Committee, and often first be won for Him. some of the other brethren attended the Woman's The mother of Sadhu Sundar Singh was never Meeting with him when they wanted to influence numbered among the women of the Indian the distribution of the Woman's Fund, but they Church, but his biographer states: "It was his never found the women sleeping nor were they mother, above all, who fostered and guided his easily dissuaded from a course upon which they unique religious bent. Many have marked the had decided. When they determined to help open love that beams on his face whenever he speaks a boarding school for girls, no plea that there was of her." The Sadhu himself said: "The mother's a greater need for village pandits could dissuade bosom is the best theological college in the world. them.

. . . It was the Holy Ghost who made me a Chris- During those first years of contact with our tian, but it was my mother [who died when he was fourteen] who made me a Sadhu." village Christians I was often indignant when I As I consider the place of women in the Indian saw the men of the family wrapped in a blanket Church, I am reminded also of the testimony of woven by the women, while the women sat with the Rev. Romanus Doimari concerning the rapid no warm covering and exposed to the penetratgrowth of the Christian Church among the Kach- ing cold as they nursed their babies.

aries of Mongaldai. He said: But the Gospel is taking deeper root now and It was largely the women who sowed the Gospel seed; good things are more evenly shared. While a it was the women who gathered the harvest. They cast father wrote us a few days ago saying that he away their characteristic testimony and their former fear w:as planning to take his daughter out of school of strangers. Binding their babies on their backs, they after this year, as he did not propose to spend any went in groups to near and far villages, while the women more money educating girls, such an attitude is who could not accompany them remained in the village more typical of the old days than of the present. church praying for the success of those who went. None Many of our Christians now seem quite as interof these messengers could read, but they had memorized ested in educating their daughters as in educating a hymn or two, and they could speak of their new-found strength, joy, and peace. Sometimes they were ridiculed; occasionally they were threatened with beating, which the their sons. This may be due in part to the new women invited by presenting the side of their face and realization of the economical asset of an educated saying "Hit! Hit! It would be sweet to bear a blow for daughter, or it may be due more to the realization Jesus!"

Do you wonder that the Mongaldai Church, that an educated Christian girl can make a large after fifteen years, now numbers over 5,600 bap- contribution to the Christian community.

tized believers? There are still but few women in I do not know what proportion of the 5,000,000 this community who can read their Bibles or their members of the Church of Christ in India are hymnals, but they are greedy for teaching. What women, but I do know that many of the teachers they have received of the Bible has greatly trans- and lady doctors and most of the nurses serving formed their outward appearance as well as their this great nation are drawn from this group of inner attitudes.. The splendid advantage to which Christian women.

they have used the little they have been given is As a nation India is alive to the political power an indication of the potential leadership in this of its womanhood. ~s a church we must be alive group, which training would develop. to the spiritual might of the women of the Indian In our districts in the lower valley the women Church and to the urgency of need of winning the of the Church are the generous givers. They do rest of India's womanhood for Christ.

Ways of

'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO INTRODUCING MADAME as I know, I am unique in that your utmost for the extension of field. the Kingdom of God to the utter- MISSIONARY REVIEW most parts of the earth. I am a News Publication, and In view of the paramount im- I give you in a nutshell an ac- I am a giant Bulletin Board portance of the cause involved, count of the big things that are whereon the Women's Home and current retrenchment may well happening on mission fields at Foreign Mission Societies post begin with something less vital home and abroad. the reports of events of greatest than the missionary magazines. import in their special work. Cut out everything in daily diet I am a Book Review. I prebut the food essentials before sent well-written digests of lead- In my Effective Ways of you sacrifice the monthly visits ing books bearing upon the Working, I am a compendium of of THE REVIEW. If you would theme which is my very life. Any the best methods for increasing hearten the church folk to make volumes found in Our Mission- interest in the missionary entheir utmost endeavor to maintain the missionary cause, unim- I deavor 'of the home church. I paired by the economic condi- speak only of outstanding plans tions, get THE REVIEW into new ~'::'~;:Jl:~ tried and proved good in the exhomes as soon as possible. You perience of successful people of can if you convince them of its f—- all Christian denominations the importance and value. One can 11-=—- world over. If you would make hardly conceive of any Christian Ir-~-~ the very best of your church perreading the inspiring articles of sonnel, from pastor to Sunday a single issue and turning to say, ~-==- ~ -=-::: –:– School kindergarten workers, "But I don't take much stock in listen to my counsel and try out missions !" To obtain new sub- —- =– – – ll~:::-~ for yourself what fits your needs scribers, try the following: — — and conditions. -~ A forceful speaker, attired in Now I want to know you all a costume something like the il- ary Bookshelf will be forwarded better. Will you not invite me lustration, is introduced by the to you promptly upon receipt of to call in your homes once a program leader and proceeds their price. I attend to that per- month and show you how to do with her talk, touching the dec- sonally. the most efficient team work orations on her dress as she de- with Jesus Christ in winning scribes the corresponding de- I am the composite voice of the world for the reign of love? partments or features. some of the world's greatest My traveling expenses are only missionary writers and states- $2.50 for a year's regular month- Leader: This is Madame Re- men who contribute articles on ly visits, or 25 cents for a single view, the embodiment of that the dominant themes of the day. call. How many of you are ready peerless publication, THE MIS- to invite me? I assure you I SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. I am a spyglass through can pay my way, in the coin of We have asked her to speak to which you can obtain a World- service. Have I any old friends you frankly of her peTsonality, wide Outlook. Through me you her hopes and her aspirations, may see the near and the far in the audience who can vouch for she is a great personage and events of the missionary cam- for my worth? there is no one like her in all the paign, catching inspiration to do world. (Omit this last query if no subscribers to THE REVIEW are Madame REVIEW: Friends, I in the audience; but should there am fifty-four years old-though be any present, let them rise and I know that I look like a debut- give brief testimony to the value ante. In all those years I have of the publication. In any event, been faithfully giving an interdenominational review of world- immediate efforts should be wide Christian progress. So far made to secure new subscribers, or have at least a single sub- scription in the name of the chairman of the program com- [233]

mittee, or place the magazine in grams on "The Challenge of Mrs. Fred A. Little, of Calthe nearest public library. Don't Change," in the January issue, vary Church, Anaheim, Califorwait for the mood of the audi- in the Garden Series soon to fol- nia, says: "I arrange a poster ence to spend itself.) low this, and in subsequent out- to meet the program situation [Acknowledgment of suggestion for illustra- lines. A dominant purpose is and calculated to force the tive cut, to Mrs. Jessie H. Burr, in Missions Magazine.] necessary to produce a dynamic truths home, as well as to fur- poster. nish a decoration for our church PUBLICITY THROUGH parlor. First I purchased plas- POSTERS Mrs. Dorothy Crockett, in her ter board of the required size Star in the East, tells of "Ac- What about having an attrac- quaintance Posters and Map when trimmed, and framed' it tive poster to advertise mission- Work" for the purpose of im- securely, giving it two coats of ary events? Visualization to in- pressing field and station facts. flat white pajnt. This is used terpret verbalization has estab- "The ability to connect names of on an easel as permanent suplished its worth beyond the need missionaries with the correct port for posters. For my poster for argument. One must be stations and to think of the right backgrounds I use the reverse painstaking and imaginative, buildings when a station is side of white wall paper-two but not necessarily an artist to named, to know: of an unusual lengths and lapped over in the be a successful poster maker. work connected with a certain center. On this I develop my Often a person not gifted as a place-these are quite lacking picture. For instance, a candle speaker or executive may here with most of us." Mrs. Crock- stick as a symbol of service was ett describes field posters whose developed in beautiful colors, find opportunity for service. The materials are not elab- production is assigned to groups the candle portion, including orate or expensive. These may of women and girls in the or- bright flame, being shaped and include colored crayons, inex- ganization. Draw a dim outline pasted in. A lighted candle was pensive water color paints, li- of a country on a cardboard placed at the side of the poster." brary paste, colored papers and sheet two by three feet in size, Our readers will do well to ordinary cardboard, carbon pa- and on this paste pictures from save the following description of Mrs. Little's poster for a New per for tracing, inks of several your missionary magazines. Year's meeting, and try it when tints, lettering pens for shading, On the map of Africa, for in- the appropriate date arrives. marking pencils (including a stance, may be grouped illustra- The title was "Chimes of a New white one to use with dark pa- tions of the sort of work done Year." First may come a New per), a carpenter's pencil with there, or printed matter con- Year's greeting and the unveilits broad graphite to use in vari- cerning this work, with the il- ing of the bells, the latter being ous widths, or notched to make lustrations around the edge as a the poster of the day, which furletters of two or three lines; border. Inscribe neatly at the nishes the suggestions for the samples of wall papers; cutouts bottom a selection of pithy facts. coming year. from fashion magazines, seed catalogues and illustrations On another chart containing Lifting up one loose belI on from advertising pages; various the outline map-say of Japan- the poster sheet, the leader finds Dennison devices; other items place and name the mission sta- underneath, "To hear as little as may be added as need develops. tions, from each of which a possible to the prejudice of A printing outfit with block let- string radiates to a point where others." ters (often to be found among red-bordered labels fasten down children's toys), is useful but all the ends. "At a point out- Under the second she reads, not necessary. Many prefer to side the map previously plotted, "To believe no ill of anyone unc~t out large letters from maga- less absolutely forced to do so." zmes and handbills, pasting fasten the ends of the strings them carefully on the poster to to the board, each being held in Under other bells are, form the text. Your wall paper place by a gummed label which "Always exemplify Christian dealer will give you old sample bears the name of a missionary love" ; books which have a wealth of or missionary family. These labels will appear best arranged "Radiate good will and sun- in a column. . . . Paste a pic- shine" ; "When I am inclined to criti- 4langdascrdapeens,orfloflworearls, leaves, etc. ture of your church in the cen- cize the faults of others, I will catalogue is ter of a chart, draw about it take a good look in the mirror SImply a treasure trove. A lit- ever-widening circles represent- and ask myself, 'What manner tle system in labeling and classi- ing the fields of work for which of person am I'?" fying these materials will great- your church is responsible. In Any other locally or univerly expedite their use. . the ring labeled Home Missions, sally applicable texts may be re- How to Begin paste small pictures of mission- vealed in the ringing of these aries at work in your denomina- chimes, each one being made the Always evolve the poster from tional home fields, while in that topic for a one-minute talk if dethe theme. Note the close rela- labeled Foreign Missionaries, sired. tionship between subject matter assemble pictures of your work- "Christian Americanization and picturization in the pro- ers abroad." Chimes" may appear under the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

last bell as the theme for the facts for each poster. You may large visiting card bore a green cross in the upper left hand corner, and talk of the service. be sure twice the attention was across it was written: "High Lights in Our Mission- paid to the living groups that "Mrs. A is requested to view with ary Work in the Past Year" is would have been accorded the us the Battalion of Life as It Marches suggested as another topic for pictures; and the participants on Its Crusade of Compassion. Seat discussion. No. 63 is reserved on the reviewing had indelibly impressed upon Thus the whole program, in them the factual things for stand." The December card bore a Christaddition to the initial inspira- which they stood. mas seal (a lighted taper) and the tion, may be developed through words, "Our dear friend, Mrs. B, may the "chimes." "Moving mottoes" furnish an- keep Christmas with the women of other feature-a procession of many lands by sending the light to Animated Posters boys moving slowly across the their darkened homes." platform bearing aloft card- These are even more dynamic board banners inscribed with The January card bore a tiny calthan the pictures. Mrs. Crock- striking missionary sentiments, endar for the month, the date of the ett suggests that at an evening's each boy stopping in the middle meeting being marked in red. The social gathering, attractive per- of the platform to speak very written suggestion was that Mrs. C sons wear posters replete with plainly his own motto, then all might make a New Year's resolution facts, after the style of the ad- the banner-bearers line up fac- to attend the meeting on that date. vertising "s and w i c h man." ing the front in a most forceful Needless to say the facts will re- silent address. These plans, and Another card bore a picture of a ceive more marked attention. others which will suggest them- baby's face and the urgent invitation selves, will not only liven up the for its recipient to bring her daugh- As a variation of her original presentation of missionary pro- ter, granddaughter or niece to the plan, Mrs. Crockett considers grams and increase the attend- party which had been arranged for having women dressed in white ance but will deepen the impres- the Little Light Bearers. wear outline maps of mission A sheaf of wheat painted in the upper left hand corner was the in- signia for an invitation to a Harvest Home Rally in the autumn.

fields in some jaunty way-Ja- sions produced and tend to link An offering box on another card inpan, for instance, being "airily formed the recipient that such and slung from the left shoulder," them up with life. the Philippine Islands suspend- Advertising Through Invitations such a date had been set apart to ed in several sections, etc.; four "Count Your Blessings" (Thank-of- fering meeting).

or five outstanding facts about Happily, the pulpit or calen- MAKING A PARISH each such country being plainly dar announcement of "the usual MISSIONARY-MINDED inscribed on its map. Conscious- missionary meeting" is becomly or unconsciously, guests will ing obsolete. A curiosity-tickling By the REV. G. D. BUSCH forecast of an attractive pro- Pastor of read over the facts as their gram will usually bring the aubearers mingle with the com- dience-providing they have not Grace Lutheran Church pany all evening. Before the been deceived in the past as to Toledo, Ohio gathering disperses, guests are the worthfulness of the goods asked to jot down all the data advertised. The Woman's Mis- [In writing up methods we are they can recall, even the poster sionary Friend, a Methodist inclined to strive for something folk laying aside their adorn- monthly, says: extraordinary and often, alas! ment and writing what they not realizable under average con- A notice to all and sundry may be ditions. The unique value of this have noted upon others. This overlooked, but an invitation is an- contribution by a man who has review might well serve as a other story. It is delivered by mail or evidenced his own qualifications wind-up after a School of Mis- in person to the individual and indi- by serving as a valued member sions. cates that she is expected at the meet- of the Committee on Religious ing. Education in the United Lu- Miss Mary C. Wiley, of Win- theran Synod of Ohio, as dean There were five women striving to of the School of Religious Eduston-Salem, N. C., had an an- increase the attendance of the mis- cation at Lakeside School of Misnual display of "animated pos- sionary meetings. Each was responters" in a Presbyterian church.

Using as patterns certain pic- sible for 25 of the 130 members en- sions, as dean of the Toledo Luture-posters sent out annually rolled. One of the five, availing her- theran Training Sunday School by the Southern Presbyterian self of the opportunity for leadership, Church, a local committee sub- Institute, as well as editor of consented to plan the form of invita- The Toledo Lutheran, is that it tion, make four copies of it-one for stituted real people for the pic- each member of the c.ommittee-who, illustrates the foundation work ture-folk intended to be hung on in turn, should prepare from it the the wall. Every detail of cos- a consecrated, systematic and tume and posture from the mod- number assigned to her. Five days tactful minister can accomplish previous to the meeting all invita- under very adverse conditions.] els was painstakingly worked tions were to be delivered. On that out, the groups thus evolved being used as tableaux while a day the members of the committee, Through a number of circumreader standing at one side gave wherever they might be, united in' stances, a desire on my part to very distinctly the title and praying at the noon hour for God's serve as a foreign missionary blessing on their effort. was not fulfilled and I accepted a call to a parish of 600 souls in The resulting invitations we r e unique and effective. For October a

one of the thriving industrial project of home mission activi- gram proved the most difficult.

cities of the Middle West. The ties, namely, the raising of funds We are just undertaking a pro- combination of Teutonic ances- to purchase and hold land for gram of study and support. But try and membership in a church future expansion. But in the the men have rendered one out- noted for its conservativeness, fall another special season of standing service. Great difficulty backed by a history of twenty- missionary education presented had been experienced in raising five years of parish existence, itself, known in our church as the total church budget, espe- made me realize very early that "inner missions," more widely cially in getting an idea of the a program, not publicly stated, known as social service–the ob- weekly income to be expected.

was necessary to bring about a ligation of Christians to care for Just prior to the beginning of ministry that might earn the their less fortunate brethren. my pastorate, the missionary- Saviour's approval. During these past two years of minded financial secretary ef- The initial problem was that severe distress, this part of any fected a change in the manner of "what to preach." This point well-rounded missionary pro- of presentation. The greatest of attack offered the least oppo- gram has proved one of the best stress was placed upon the be- sition and required the least re- worth while. nevolence budget – "for others" adjustment in the life of the -which included not only miscongregation. Their very tradi- With the preaching program sionary but also educational and tions helped me. Accustomed as out of the way, the next problem merciful work in which the conthey were to a regular routine to study was that of the efforts gregation was interested. Eduof worship known as the Church and attitudes of the organiza- cation in such simple matters as Year, in which the great festival tions within the church. I was the .amount of money given for seasons – A d v e nt, Christmas, fortunate to discover a capable foreign missions and the amount Epiphany, Lent, Easter and Pen- and missionary-minded group of for home, "how little is paid for tecost-were observed, it was a women in my woman's auxiliary, salaries and overhead," coupled comparatively simple matter to in which there was little to do with an appeal to take part in gear my missionary preaching except to show by word and ac- the world program, raised the with it. The Sundays before tion my appreciation and to be- benevolence budget almost one Christmas, known as Advent, in speak their prayers for the work thousand dollars over that of the which the Scripture lessons and of the church. previous years and also made prayers turned their hearts to- the current expense less of a ward the coming of the Christ, The program of religious edu- problem. were used by me to emphasize cation in the Church School had the striking parallel between the endeavored to include some mis- Looking back over four years, heart-hunger of the Graeco- sionary attitudes, but had not there still remain lands to be Roman world and the world to- progressed very far. Three ad- conquered. The preaching proday. The period of Epiphany, vanced steps were taken: (1) gram becomes more balanced. which always has been utilized Envelopes were provided and an The old prejudices and attitudes as a "foreign missionary interest opportunity afforded the chil- of the congregation are slowly time," gave me an extraordinary dren to contribute to the mis- dying and the missionary-mind opportunity to present Jesus as sionary cause. (2) Missionary is winning. I now dream of "the desire of all nations" and to stories and exercises were in- two great steps – one, a school turn the minds of the congrega- cluded in the worship during the meeting on a week-day night for tion to the need of spreading the Church School hour. (3) The the whole congregation in which Gospel. greatest interest-arouser was the this progr,am of missionary- assumption of definite responsi- mindedness is the center, and To handle the problem of bility for two churches and two the other, a group of individuals motivation, the season of Lent schools in our mission in India interested so much in particular proved a God-given opportunity. known as our "parish abroad." phases of the missionary pro- Traditionally it is the period of The interest was maintained by gram as to be willing to support, evangelism, with the need of ac- talks on this parish and by show- financially and otherwise. indicepting Jesus as a personal Sa- ing pictures taken at first hand. vidual projects. It is hoped that shortly we shall viour as the main theme. The have a reel or two of movies. There are, however, some unlocal conditions, however, made The financing of the Church solved problems connected with it necessary to stress the duty of School has been assumed by the the movement and one of these a Christian as a cross-bearer, so congregation and a place in the is how to efficiently follow-up this particular phase of mission- church budget was found for those who, through the camary activity received renewed religious education, thus open- paign, have signified their puremphasis. ing the way for a more intense pose to ally themselves with From Easter to the summer cultivation of the missionary Christianity and the things for season, because of local condi- spirit in the school. which it stands, and to really tions, the mind of the congrega- Due to certain local affiliations, conserve for the future the work tion is occupied with a definite the men's portion in the pro- of the movement.

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Women"s Home and Foreign Bulletin ANNE SEESHOLTZ, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA PRAYER AGAINST WAR Uy together with an increasing from the time when it was first o Lord, since first the blood sense of our common blood and presented to the Senate by Presi- destiny, that peace may come dent Harding in 1923 up to its of Abel cried to thee from the on earth at last and thy sun present status in the Senate, the ground that drank it this earth may shed its light rejoicing on follow i n g conclusions were of thine has been defiled with a holy brotherhood of peoples. reached: the blood of man shed by his brother's hand, and the centu- -Walter Rauschenbusch in As the question of the World Court ries sob with the ceaseless hor- "Prayers of the Social Awaken- has been pending in the Senate for ror of war. Ever the pride of ing." nine years, the Seventh Conference on the Cause and Cure of War believes kings and the covetousness of that further postponement of action the strong have driven peaceful SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON thereon cannot be justified. nations to slaughter. Ever the THE CAUSE AND CURE songs of the past and the pomp At this time, while the Disarma- ment Con fer e n c e is meeting in of armies have been used to in- Geneva, the psychological effect of OF WAR the United States adherence to the flame the passions of the people. By Elinor K. Purves Court would be stimulating and help- Our spirit cries out to thee in ful. Continued inaction is certain to revolt against it, and we know The Seventh Conference on be interpreted as a lack of internathat our righteous anger is an- the Cause and Cure of War was tional cooperation which will comswered by thy holy wrath. held in Washington, D. C., Jan- uary 18-21, 1932. This Confer- plicate the work of the Conference. Break thou the spell of the en- ence was composed of 650 dele- Public opinion in this country, chantments that make the na- gates from eleven women's ortions drunk with the lust of bat- ganizations, two of which are affinned by a great majority of the tle and draw them on as willing the Council of Women for Home newspapers, the American Bar Astools of death. Grant us a quiet Missions and the Federation of and steadfast mind when our Woman's Boards of Foreign sociation, the American Federation of own nation clamors for ven- Missions which together had 99 geance or aggression. Strength- delegates. Labor, the United States Chamber of en our sense of justice and re- Commerce, and a great multitude of gard for the equal worth of American citizens represented in such organizations as those composing the Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, supports the World Court wholeheartedly, and this opinion should find sympathetic reflection in senatorial action.

other peoples and races. Grant The theme for the Conference The Declaration of Opinion in to the rulers of nations faith in was "World Paradoxes" and regard to the General Disarmathe possibility of peace through the program included discus- ment Conference, after calling justice, and grant to the com- sions of the economic causes of to remembrance the obligations mon people a new and stern en- war, the Manchurian situation, of the signatories to the Verthusiasm for the cause of peace. the Polish Corridor, and the sailles Treaty in regard to dis- Bless our soldiers and sailors for new Russia as possible threats armament, the similar obligatheir swift obedience and their to the peace machinery set up to tion of the United States in its willingness to answer to the call prevent war; the strengthening separate treaty with Germany, of duty, but inspire them none- of this peace machinery, dis- the promise through Article 8 of the-less with a hatred of war, armament as a means to peace, the Covenant of the League of and may they never for love of and the part which should be Nations in regard to disarmaprivate glory or advancement played by the United States in ment, the work of the Preparaprovoke its coming. May our the movements for the peaceful tory Commission of the League young men still rejoice to die for settlement of international dis- in preparation for the General putes. Conference ctahlleedfoflolorw1i9n3g2~tcaotne­- their country with the valor of The Conference put itself on cluded with their fathers, but teach our age nobler methods of matching our record as in former years in ment: strength and more effe.ctive favor of the adherence of the Therefore, we, the delegates to the ways of giving our life for the United States to the World- Seventh Conference on the Cause and flag. Cure of War, in ·confer.ence assembled Court, and ina Declaration of at Washington, D. C., January 18-21, o thou, strong Father of all Opinion which reviewed the his- 1932, look to the American delegation nations, draw all thy great fam- tory of the World Court Treaty to the first General Disarmament Con- [237]

ference, meeting at Geneva, February DISARMAMENT PETITIONS into the offices of the Council 2, 1932, to insist upon the bold reduc- and the Federation, and when tion of every category of armament By Florence G. Tyler the date of sailing came, the indicated by the report of the Pre- church women had sent in not paratory Commission. On Saturday, February 6, the 60,000 but 140,000. About 5,000 women of the world had a spe- more signatures have been re- The following Resolution was cial part in the Disarmament ceived since then. These petialso adopted: Conference for it was on that tions were sent from the office day that the petitions signed by of the National Committee on Whereas, the Seventh Conference millions of women all over the the Cause and Cure of War with on the Cause and Cure of War, now world were presented, and those those collected by ten 0 the r in session in Washington, has noted who were watching the news- American women's organizawith interest the identic note of the 'papers read with a great thrill tions, in bundles of 12,500 sig- Secretary of State, delivered on Janu- the account of the presentation, natures, to Geneva, and there ary 8, 1932, to the governments of and of Miss Mary Dingman's they were added to the petitions Japan and China; and speech. of the women of France, Eng- land, Holland, Japan, Germany, Whereas, it has noted in particular The National Committee on etc., over 8,000,000 in all, and the declaration that the United the Cause and Cure of War set Miss Dingman made the presen- States does not "intend to recognize out to secure the signatures of any situation, treaty or agreement 1,000,000 women of the United tation speech to the Disarmawhich may be brought about by States of America to the peti- ment Conference. As Chairman means contrary to the covenants and tion to the International Dis- of the Disarmament Committee, obligations of the Pact of Paris of armament Conference being she represented the fifteen in- August 27, 1928, to which treaty both held at Geneva, which read as ternational organizations hav- China and Japan, as well as the follows: ing headquarters in Geneva United States are parties,"

Therefore, Be It Resolved, that this Conference express to the Secretary of State its appreciation of this farreaching interpretation of the Pact of Paris, so that it acquilles increased effectiveness as an instrument for en- We, the undersigned women of the with branches in fifty-six counsuring reliance upon pacific means United States, hereby petition the In- tries and a combined memberrather than upon measures of war ternational Disarmament Conference ship of 45,000,000 women. for the settlement of international to gratify the expectations and hopes disputes. of the world by putting into im- The petitions, coming from The Conference prepared the mediate and unhesitating effect the many lands, were accompanied following objectives for its pledges already made for the reduc- by delegations of women from member organizations for the tion of national armaments. those lands, and following Miss year 1932, suggesting that they Dingman's presentation speech, take some action in regard to The Allies and Associates pledged these women delegates formed them: world disarmament to their adver- in a long line and advanced one saries; the Covenant of the League by one, toward the tribune's 1. That the Disarmament Confer- of Nations promised it; great nations table where two secretaries reence take first place in the programs have solemnly agreed that interna- ceived from them their bundles on International Relations of all the tional disputes shall be settled by of signatures. The American pemember organizations so long as the peaceful methods without resort to titions were bound with red, Conference remains in session, and war; and, lastly, through the Briand- white, and blue bands, and each that resolutions and opinions in re- Kellogg Pact, war has been re- bundle of 12,500 signatures bore gard to it be registered with the De- the name of the organization partment of State and the Disarma- nounced. which collected them. Within a ment Committee of Women's Inter- Clearly, the next step is the bold few minutes the table on which national Organizations in Geneva. the packages were piled was full reduction of every variety of arma- to overflowing. The secretaries 2. That there be continued an in- ment. To do less would violate treaty began filling big baskets from sistent demand for the ratification of obligations, awaken suspicion and inthe WorId Court Protocols. cite fresh war talk. 3. That increased and sustained The assurances of peace will becooperation of the United States with come invincible when the reduction of armament for which we plead has been secured. Wars will cease when governments so resolve.

the League of Nations be advocated. An allotment of 60,000 sig- the overflow, while outside in 4. That compulsory military train- natures was made to the church women to be secured through the corridors hundreds of other ing be opposed. packages, too heavy to be car- It was also proposed that the the offices of the Council of ried, were piled high against member organizations f 0 c u s Women for Home Missions and the wall.

their attention on, and make a the Federation of Woman's Many 0 the r organizations study of, the economic roots of Boards of Foreign Missions of were represented and many international disputes, the new North America. In some of the other speeches were made. The implications of neutrality under denominations an effort was most impressive of these was the Paris Pact, the treaty mak- made to reach the "last society made by James Frederick Green ing powers of the Senate, the in the last church." Some of Kansas City, a student of recognition of the United States groups took it very seriously, Yale University speaking for of Russia, the question of the re- and some groups not so serious- the Intercollegiate Disarmament vision of the war debts, and the ly. But for weeks previous to Council of the United States, January 1 the petitions poured who said in part: American assets for peace.

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULETIN

Behind your deliberations stands sented the Council at the eighth the governments to the General staring down on us the spectre of quinquennial meeting of the In- Disarmament Conference. Mme. death. Other speakers have much Paradowska-Szelagowska is a at stake, but we have even more, for ternational Council of Women member of the Peace and League we are literally fighting for our lives. in Vienna in May, 1930. Miss of Nations Commission and of It is our generation who will be re- Kydd might be termed "the the Alliance of Women for Suf- quested to destroy the best of human Prime Minister" of the women's frage and Equal Citizenship. culture, perhaps civilization itself, organizations in Canada. She has taken an active part in for causes which future historians the pacifist movement in Poland. will discover were erroneous. Dr. (Madame) Pauline Luisi is one of the most prominent Dr. Mary Emma Woolley is In every club and fraternity house figures of the Feminist Move- President of the American Asin England and America, we never ment of South America, and the sociation of University Women cease to ask, "Were these 10,000,000 first woman to be sent officially and a member of the National young men who loved life as whole- to the League of Nations by a Board of the Young Women's heartedly as ourselves, victims of an South American government. illusion when they fell on the world's Mme. Luisi, who was the first Christian Associations. She battlefields, fourteen years ago?" woman of her country to obtain has been for thirty-one years a doctor's degree, has given President of Mount Holyoke We remain unconvinced as to the many years of her life to medi- College for Women and is known wisdom of our predecessors. Were- cal research and was appointed as one of the foremost women spect the noble dead, but we question head of the clinic at the Medical educators in the United States. the judgment of those who sent them Faculty of Montevideo. She Her college is outstanding for to their deaths. Organized slaughter then gave herself up entirely to dis c u ssions of international does not settle a dispute, it merely the Feminist Movement of Uru- questions and for freedom of silences an argument. guay and to the protection of thought. Dr. Woolley is also a women and children. She was member of the American Society The Disarmament Conference delegated by the Government of for Judicial Settlement of Interis still in session. The reiterat- Uruguay to the League of Na- national Disputes, the League ed request of millions upon mil- tions to represent her country at for Permanent Peace Through lions for reduction of arma- the Consultative Commission for ments cannot fail to have made the protection of children and the Churches, and the Institute an impression, but church wom- young people, and is a member of International Education. She en must continue to work and to has traveled in Japan, China pray for this cause until nations of the International Committee and Manchuria and has attendshall find a way by which they of Experts on the White Slave ed from the beginning the Panmay live together without war Traffic. Mme. Luisi is President Pacific Conferences as a memin a world where Jesus' way of of the Alliance of the Women of ber. life is known and followed by Uruguay, President of Honour all men. and founder of the Uruguay Na- On Friday, February 5, a din- tional Council of Women and of ner was given to the women NOTES FROM GENEVA the Uruguayan-Argentine Abo- delegates to the Disarmament lition Committee, and a member Conference by the Disarmament The five women delegates to of the International Alliance for Com mit tee of International the International Disarmament Suffrage and Equal Citizenship. Women's Organizations. Most Conference at Geneva are Mrs. She was also appointed a dele- of the fifteen organizations con- Corbett Ashby of Great Britain, gate of her government to the stituting the committee were Miss Winnifred Kydd of Can- Fourth International Labor Con- represented. ada, Dr. Pauline Luisi of Uru- ference and to the Congress of guay, Mme. Paradowska-Szela- Social Hygiene in Paris. The dinner was presided over gowska of Poland and Dr. Mary by Madame Ramondt-Hirsch- Emma Woolley of the United Mme. AnnaParadowska-Szela- mann of the Women's Interna- States. gowska is Vice-President of the tional League for Peace and Polish Progressive Women's As- Freedom who, before introduc- Mrs. Corbett Ashby, who took sociation, head of the Interna- ing the delegates, spoke of the a degree at Cambridge, was tional Section and member of symbolic significance of the eight formerly President of the Wom- the General Council of the Women's Liberal Party of Great Bri- en's Association for Social Serv- millions of signatures to the tain and a distinguished leader ice in Poland. She was appoint- peace petitions from men and of the Constitutional Suffragette ed Assistant Delegate in the Pol- Movement. She is President of ish Government's delegation to women all over the world and of the International Alliance of the 12th Assembly of the League the influence they might exer- Women for Suffrage and Equal of Nations and she propounded cise on the Disarmament Con- Citizenship as well as President there in the name of the Polish ference as representing the earnof the British branch of the Government a resolution con- est desire of millions of human same organization. cerning the women's participa- beings to be allowed to live nor- tion in the delegations sent by mal, peaceful lives. Miss Winnifred Kydd, M.A., McGill University, has taken an Dr. Woolley stated her imactive interest in social move- pression of solidarity among the ments. She is a former President of the National Council of women's international organiza- Women of Canada. She repre-

tions in working towards the live we shall not take up arms ficult part of the field, his own comachievement of a great end. against each other." munity.

Miss Kydd said that she had The Prince of Wales, Premier The address was concluded traveled all over Canada and had Bennett and President Hoover by the following challenge to noted with satisfaction the educational value of signing the pe- are to be invited to the dedica- faithfulness: titions, and believed that such education helped to form public tion and the Governors of all All life is an adventure, and if we opinion in all countries, and that states, Premiers of provinces are to interpret Christ today we must the cause of disarmament would and of republics. not fear the risk. Men venture every be g rea t 1y strengthened by day for possibilities only. Cannot the women's work in that respect. An International Peace Picnic Christian take the risk for Christ? will be held at the time of dedi- But risk is only one side of adventure; Mme. Paradowska-Szelagow- cation. no adventure is ever brought to a good ska emphasized the necessity for issue without its prosaic activities. moral disarmament and for an There will probably be a uni- There are pitfalls to escape, heights intensive education of youth to versal broadcast as one of the to climb, dragons to be slain, but there dispel the clouds of hate and International Radio Corpora- are long stretches of fiat, dull road fear which were still a heritage tions has requested the privilege, along which the adventurer must plod. of the great war. and arrangements are being The Christian cannot achieve his ad- made. venture in one long thrill of enthusi- Dr. Luisi also stressed the asm; he must carry it through the great value of educating youth The endowment of $5,000,000 weary miles when he can just drag in pacific aspirations and told of is being raised by popular sub- one foot after another; the last lap is the work being accomplished in scription. The first cash contri- the one that counts; he must press Uruguay, Brazil and Argentine bution from Canada was the on, not only when his enthusiasm in revising the texts of history gift of a school girl in New enables him to mount on wings like books and inculcating the ideas Brunswick, being prize money an eagle, not only when his strength of political arbitration instead is able to run and not be weary, but of war. won by her exhibits at the local most of all when the utmost he can summer fair, her own personal do is to walk and not faint. That is Mrs. Ashby pointed out that donation to the Peace Garden. the way of the adventurer who would the great task of preventing war interpret his Master to the life of belonged to men and women ADVENTURE AND COM- today, in perhaps the hardest spot on alike for the very existence of earth-his own community. the race was at stake. MUNITY WILL YOU BE ONE? A new member has been wel- Dr. Mabel Cartwright, who is comed into the Disarmament "Thy gentleness hath made Committee of Women's Inter- President of the Woman's Auxnational Organizations – Ligue iliary, Ontario Diocese, Church me great," sang the Psalmist. des Femmes Oberigues et His- of England, gave a stirring adpano-Americaines. This organ- dress at the Annual Meeting of On the Peace stamps, issued ization comprises women from the Home Missions Council and all the South American coun- Council of Women for Home by the Council of Women for tries as well as from Spain and Missions at Toronto, on the Home Missions to further the Portugal. theme, "Adventure and Com- munity." Concerning the adven- Eva C 1ark Waid A PEACE GARDEN ture of peace, she spoke as fol- Memorial Fund for W 0 rId Peace, is The United States is joining lows: "the dove of peace" with Canada in the establish- flying over the great ment of an International Peace There is the adventure of peace; wide world. The Garden to be located about peace has become the supreme adven- w hit e bird may thirty miles from the exact geo- ture of our civilization. It ought to see m ineffective graphic center of North Amer- be natural for the Christian to think against battleships and aerial ica. Manitoba and North Da- of men and women as children of our warfare, and yet it rests not kota have each given 1,500 acres Father. The adventure of love is day or night but flies on symmaking a total of 3,000 acres. greater than the adventure of hate; and if the Christian is to make the bolically over the war-cursed This Peace Garden will be adventure of peace today he must do dedicated on July 14, 1932, the it with energy and passion, with a areas. suggested words of the dedica- positive faith in the patience and It will be remembered by the tion being, "To God in His power of God. Every warrior of peace Glory, we two nations speaking is called to a warfare with ignorance many who knew Mrs. Waid that a common language, dedicate and disease, with sin and hatred, with she gave herself wholeheartedthis Garden and pledge our- lust and cruelty, a warfare in our ly to bringing peace among the selves that as long as men shall own community where there are ig- norant ones to be taught, children to nations in our day. be trained and protected, sinners to The goal of the Fund is ten be shown the way of repentance, strangers and lonely ones to be be- thousand dollars to be invested friended, the spirit of unkind, malici- and the interest used annually ous gossip to be cast out by the spirit for the Council's work of Inter- of charity. The social unit is the national Relations. The plan neighborhood, and the adventurer for includes the idea of ten thousand peace must not only pour his prayers women each using a dollar's and support into the machinery of the worth of the Peace stamps to League of Nations, but must work out establish the Eva Clark Waid goodwill towards men in that very dif- Memorial Fun d for World Peace.

INDIA-BURMA The second baptism was that Victory for the

of Haidar Ali, a Mohammedan Movement Among Higher sent by the pastor of the Jullun- The untouchables in India are Castes dur Church. He declared that now demanding permission to it is the purpose of his life to bathe in the Ganges, says the The Telugu country has been enter the theological college and Rev. C. F. Andrews. famous for its mass movement preach the Word of Life in towards Christianity among the Christ to Mohammedans. In the village of Vykom, the lowest castes. In the same area untouchables were forbidden to during the last five years there The third baptism was that of pass through a certain road, has been a notable movement to- a mother and child from a hum- which ran near the temples. wards Christianity among the ble village home. The mother Some determined to defy the rehigher castes. During this pe- had been taught by her husband striction and, with some of riod over 20,000 people from the and by a Presbyterian mission- Gandhi's followers, marched in higher caste Hindu communities ary at Kasur. procession down this road. The have j 0 i ned the Christian orthodox Brahmins came and Church, and every year over 2,- The fourth baptism was that beat them. The rebels against 000 such people continue to ac- of Khan Mohammad, his wife tradition took it without comcept Christ. and baby. plaint, but the next morning they came again, and were again A potent influence in this re- Fully realizing that baptism beaten. After several days of markable movement has been meant persecution and suffering, this procedure the Brahmins the changed life of the outcaste isolation and enmity, these peo- called the police and had the Christians. The coming into the ple still were bold to accept with marchers arrested and sent to church of such large numbers of joy the sign and seal of their prison. Hundreds more conthe higher castes is making new faith in Christ and promised to tinued to come. Finally, the demands on the leadership.· A go forth and bear witness to the Government put a cordon of new type of religious and devo- d eat h and resurrection of police across the road and Gandtionalliterature is needed, and a Christ, no matter what the op- hi's followers stood in front of better educated and equipped position might be among their the cordon, in the attitude of ministry is in demand. If this Mohammedan friends. prayer for twelve hours daily, in movement continues the stigma six-hour shifts. Mr. Andrews usually attached to Christian -Rev. Frank B. Llewellyn, said, "the orthodox Brahmins converts that they are from the Kasur, India. still occasionally beat them, but outcastes will disappear, and they gradually grew ashamed, Christian life and thought will All-India Christian Conference and the villagers loved them begin to be influenced by Indian more and more." culture which is the peculiar pos- The All-India Christian Consession of the middle class Hin- ference, an organization of In- At last, after a year and four dus of the higher castes. dian Protestant Christians, met months, the Brahmins gave in in annual session at Poona early and sent away the police. They -Po O. Philip in The Chris- in February. The conference re- said, "We cannot stand this any tian Century. affirmed its approval of the es- longer. You may pass through tablishment of a united church the road." Four Recent Baptisms for India; viewed with regret the general apathy of the Indian The s t rug g I e had been Recent baptisms of four peo- Christian community towards ple from Lyallpur, a village near the swadeshi movement for pro- watched with great interest all Lahore, are of unusual interest moting home industries and and spiritual significance. S. handicrafts; con d e m ned in over India. "Their bravery and Narindar, Singh Nibbar, after strong terms anarchy, murder he had wavered between Christi- and violence of all kinds; and their victory," said Mr. Ananity and Hinduism for seven urged the Government not to reyears, presented himself for sort to repressive measures to drews, "have opened to the unbaptism. Although he was a check civil disobedience. It was mature man of forty-seven decided to appeal to the National touchables not only that one foryears, and one of authority in Congress to discard the civil dishis home, he had to come steal- obedience movement. bidden road, but all the roads thily for fear his relatives might hear of his intentions. -Po O. Philip. that had been forbidden to them in Southern India. Untoucha- bility in India is dying."

-Alice Stone Blackwell, in The World Tomorrow.

[241]

A Christian Party megal not the case. Many non-Chris- the other section, thirty-nine have tians feel that just as sterling taken the stand. The headman of Under the special ordinances has gone off the gold standard, the village remains outside, and like promulgated by the Viceroy all Christianity in several of these many other chiefs is determined to organizations connected with countries has gone off the Christ cause trouble. The Christians of the the Indian National Congress standard. In his 'History of north section have asked that they and having sympathies with it Japanese Religion' recently pub- be allowed to go over to the other can be declared to be illegal. The lished, Dr. M. Anesaki of the side. Permission was refused, and Christian Nationalist Party of Tokio Imperial U n i v e r sit y they are told that they must not even Bombay has now come under writes: 'Many people call mod- erect a building for worship. Furthis ban. It was composed of ern civilization Christian, but it thermore, if they continue in the faith Christian. Indians of various de- is evident to every unbiased ob- they must remove themselves to a nominations, including the Ro- server that Christianity is not place far from the village and from man Catholic, who were in sym- taking the lead in civilization, their rice lands. The converts remain pathy with the Congress. To but is struggling to accommo- firm-they have decided to erect their avoid the arrest by Government date itself to it.' This is the place of worship and await the headthe committee of the party has view of educated Indians." The man's move. Weare looking forward been dissolved. Reformer adds, "Indians outside to a gratifying increase among the Christianity are reconstructing Tangkhul Christians in the near fu- Plain Speaking ture. There are more than 400 con- verts in this village of Tushen. A British officer in charge of for themselves the Christ idea." Criminal Tribes Work in Shola- – Watchman-Examiner. pur believes that the only perma- Indian Scholar's Testimony nent way of reclamation is the CHINA one that leads to Christian citi- Mr. Chunilal Mukerji, Bengali zenship. After visiting a Boys' Christian scholar and author The Commercial Press Loss Reformatory in the same dis- who accepted Christ in 1922, in trict an English judge declared an article contributed to Dnyan- The American Bible Society to those in charge, "these people odaya, says: lost valuable books and plates need what you and the Christian through the destruction of the religion can do for them." A I regard the New Testament as of- Commercial Press in Chapei, non-Christian instructor arose fering the most complete religion to Shanghai. Two members of the in a staff conference with repre- human beings: First, because it is Bible Society's native staff who sentatives from all over the based on love as shown by its un- resided in the war area were presidency and said: "The Scout wearied attemp,ts at the alleviation of also reported missing. The Comand Guide movements are good human suffering. mercial Press was the largest so far as they go, but they do not publishing plant in Asia, and go far enough. These people Secondly, it grew out of actual employed about 1,500 workers. dealings with men and women of di- It printed many of the Scripneed something more vital than verse natures which oftentimes proved tures published by the Amerimoral training. They need re- a source of unspeakable tribulation, can Bible Society in Chinese and ligion." When someone asked: as the epistles of St. Paul ceaselessly printed much other Christian lit- "But it was the Hindu religion exemplify. erature. The loss in investment for which you were pleading, was about $3,000,000. was it not?" he replied, "No, Thirdly, it meets, as such, the manthese Criminal Tribes need a ifold requirements of human life. Christianity in China way of life that will teach them to live together in love. The Fourthly, it inculcates spiritual The Christian Church has Mohammedan religion does not principles which are not so abundant- been steadily growing in China teach us that; nor does the Hin- ly found in non-Christian scriptures for a century. The fact that its du religion. I mean the Chris- and which are capable of endless di- membership is much larger than tian religion." versification. that of the Nationalist Party is in itself eloquent. What is, how- Fifthly, it is not a complacent rev- ever, of far greater moment is eling in pious speculation, but a body that it has a group of leaders of of utterances begotten of the deep whom Dr. Cheng Ching-yi, sec- travail of consecrated hearts. retary of the National Christian Council of China, is an out- Sixthly, it embodies a system of standing example-men of cour- unimpeachable ethics. age, brain, will, and sacrificial devotion. The National Chris- Seventhly, every word of this won- tian Council, on Dr. Cheng's in- derful faith is sealed with blood, for spiration, has called all the almost all the apostles died martyrs. Christian community in China in this hour of peril to their land "Oft' the Christ Standard" Four Hundred Converts not to make Christians National- ists, but to make the nation A Hindu newspaper, The In- . From the northeast area of Christian. A concrete educationdian Social Reformer, comments Manipur State, Assam, are re- al, evangelistic and social "Five on the report of the Lindsay ports of new villages having Year Plan" of action for doub- Commission on Christian Higher yielded to the claims of Chris- Education: "Throughout their tianity. A Baptist missionary, report the commissioners tacitly William Pettigrew, of Kangpokassume that Christianity is to- pi, tells of what is going on in day the same stable factor in Tushen: the countries from which mis- The village of more than 100 houses sions come as it was seventy is in two sections; the whole of one section, forty-six houses, has accepted years ago. This, of course, is Christ. Of the fifty-four houses in

OUR WORLD-WIDg OUTLOOK

ling the membership of the 46% were Christians with most hear the devil laughing, Christian community and edu- church affiliations. Religious "What can you do now?-I have cating it for the service of God work has been carried on as finished him." and man in China is being vig- usual, and has been quite· satis- -Dr. William H. Dobson, orously prosecuted, a spiritual factory, in spite of troublous Yeungkong, China. counterpart to the Soviet Five times. Fellowship Groups and Year Plan of economic advance. Bible classes were organized at Military Occupation The New Government the beginning of the term, and Owing to the large number of government troops gathered in Christian leadership appears they have been well attended. Yencheng, Honan, to fight the to be less prominent in the new The work of the Seminary is rebel army, every available government than in its prede- prospering. A new constitution building was commandeered for cessor. Nevertheless Christian- billeting the troops. The generity is more free from attacks has been worked out, definitely al and his headquarters staff octhan was formerly the case. defining the relation of the Sem- cupied the mission compound. With the exception of Kiangsi and perhaps parts of Hupeh, inary to the University. Twelve Two machine guns were on the ground with the gunners students are in attendance. En- tire enrollment in the Univer- sity is 1,988.

where communists are active, Superstition and Doctors standing by and the guard with Christians go about their work fixed bayonets. In spite of this much as usual. Christian schools In South China if a person is formidable appearance of the are going forward, though there too ill to recover he must not be entrance to the church, hundreds are losses in elementary schools, allowed to expire in a hospital of Christians passed through and one senses a more hopeful or any other strange house, or this gate as usual for services.

spirit throughout the whole his spirit will haunt his earthly This is only one of many mili- Christian movement. home. tary occupations in recent years.

Hopeful Reaction Some time ago I was called to After the evacuation the mis- see a young man in great pain. sionary returned to find his resi- A reaction from the law pro- While on the way I met a sedan dence among the other buildings hibiting religious teaching in chair with the patient sitting up- occupied. Three months later schools is apparent among the right, undergoing the bouncing the soldiers vacated, leaving a pupils. Tunghsien reports that which the stiff chairs and poles legacy of dirt and vermin which there is whole-hearted partici- make in this region. After all made the succeeding summer pation in all religious activities sorts of methods to relieve his months very trying. at Goodrich Girls' School. There obstruction, his folks were told is a "Church Members' Meet- that an operation was the only The Yencheng church suping," with an average attend- way to save his life; that he had ports its pastor and other Chrisance of fifty, and a Bible class of six chances out of ten to live. tian workers, and is trying to from eighteen to twenty mem- The father of the young man reach out into its parish of a bers. From sixty to ninety girls consented to the operation, but million souls with the Gospel. attend church every Sunday the women said "No!" The last annual conference was attended by eight hundred morning and every girl in the They took the boy home to die Christians from various parts of senior class is either a member because they were afraid if he the district and the messages or on probation. All this is ab- died away from home his spirit from the Word of God were a solutely voluntary. The girls would haunt them, seeking his means of blessing and inspirasing hymns before they go to home. tion to many hearts. Fifty out bed, as they used to do in the old With every patient brought to of many candidates examined days. the hospital the doctor must for baptism were received.

The Rev. George W. Shepherd, state that he is sure the treat- Pray for an increase during now in Ingtai, reports that every ment will cure. If not, they this year in spite of flood, brigboy and girl in the two mission take away the patient. andage, and civil strife.

schools voluntarily attends both As a result of such supersti- -Rev. Ernest J. Davis, China church school and w,orship on tion only the girl slaves, con- Inland Mission. Sunday. In addition there are cubines and a low type of men fifteen volunteer teachers who submit to serious operations or meet weekly with the missionary JAPAN-CHOSEN and the pastor for teacher train- treatments. None of them go The Grievance Against Shanghai until they have tried the whole ing. University of Shanghai gamut-superstitious practices, Shanghai is the source of native quackery and old wives' much trouble for Japan, for it is potions. the headquarters of the efficient In 1930, 43% of the students By the time the patient lands organized boycott on Japanese in the University of Shanghai in the hospital he is a physical exports into China. It is also were Christians. In 1931, about and financial wreck-one can al- the headquarters of a Korean

"provisional government" which Selling Girls Since a large number of the has kept the movement for inde- The depression, according to theological students belong to pendence alive in Korea. Shang- the New York Times, has this church, they are trained in hai is also the source of consid- brought back to two villages in Sunday School and church work. erable communist propaganda the Yamagata Prefecture the which finds its way into Japan. practice of selling young girls. There are 12 elders, all of It is a center of industrial un- Out of 469 girls in West Kokuni them Japanese, three of whom rest, and from its shops have between the ages of fifteen and are women. There are 16 deagone tons of anti-Japanese prop- twenty-five, 110, in r e c e n t cons, five of whom are women. aganda. months, have been sold to the The Sunday School has an av- keepers of licensed brothels and erage attendance of 170. There Japan w ish e s to control more than 100 have been placed are 35 teachers and officers in Shanghai and the lower Yangtze as waitresses in cafes of tea its three departments. Then because of the economic poten- houses of ill repute in neighbor- there is a Ladies' Aid Society of tialities of its hinterland. Japan ing towns. The prices paid about 100 members; a .Men's formerly shared in the operation range from $150 to $400, but a Bible Class which meets once of huge smelters near Hankow, commission is deducted for brok- every week for study; a C. E. but these and her forty-two erage. This recurrence of a Society for college boys, and a great textile mills have suffered practice largely obsolete led to Junior Society for high school greatly from industrial unrest. inquiries by prefectural authori- students; two Lydia Societies The occupation of Shanghai and ties and the agricultural depart- for girls of Junior and Senior the lower Yangtze might lessen ment of the Imperial University. age; and a Y. M. C. A. for stuthese hostilities and permit Ja- It seems 85 per cent of the land dents of the Sendai Imperial pan to continue the exploitation of that county is covered by gov- University. of those invaluable minerals ernment forests in which the while trade, relieved of the peasants have no rights. The -Dr. Elmer H. Zaugg. weight of the boycott, expands. amount of arable land is not great enough to support the Increase of Religious Sects -The Christian Century. people, and some years ago the district purchased from the gov- The phenomenal development The Influence of Christianity ernment some of the waste of various religious cults among woodland. This cost half a mil- the Japanese proves their desire No amount of sophistry will lion dollars of which West Ko- for assurance of spiritual realihide the fact that it is the Chris- kuni, with a population of about ties in a world of stress and tian workers and Christian 4,700, had to undertake $7,500. strain. The "Human Way" cult, civilization that have lifted Taxation has risen and the vil- though less than five years old, Japan above the darkness of old lage is now in arrears more than is said to have 200,000 adherideas and backward customs, $15,000. Salaries are unpaid ents, among whom are educaand put her on the path of prog- and this year, to add to the dis- tors, government officials and ress and higher culture. tress, crops failed. military leaders. It is signifi- cant that few of these sects offer Let us ask who it was that A Live College Church any material or economic adtaught us in this struggle for vantages, though some promise uplifting ourselves! The answer healings of bodily infirmities to is perfectly simple. The Chris- the most faithful.

tians and Christian ideas of love, When the North Japan Chris- National Presbyterian Ohurch humanity, justice, and proprie- tian College in Sendai grew larg- of Korea ty, therefore Christianity. J ap- er we came to feel the need for The National Presbyterian a n e s e Christians professing a religious organization within Church of Korea has been ortheir belief in the Bible and go- the school that would exert a ganized eighteen years. It is a ing to churches may not be large, thoroughly self-respecting, indebut the Japanese men and wom- direct Christian influence upon pendent Church; has adopted and revised its own standards; en who think as good Christians the students and that would and incidentally has developed a do without knowing it, and are provide facilities for training group of constitutional lawyers propagating and acting up to fully able to hold their own with the students to do Christian the sargons of Presbyterianism, Christian ideas are innumerable. work after they left the school. whether in Scotland or the In fact, it may be said without So about eight years ago the United States. It faces its reexaggeration that if Christian- sponsibilities unafraid; ordains ity as a religion be making but school church was organized its workers, conducts its mission slow progress in Japan, the work at home and abroad; han- Christian ideas may be said to with 93 charter members and have already conquered the . each year the number has incountry. creased by about 100, so that now there are about 758 mem- bers. From the standpoint of numbers it is one of the largest -Japan Times. churches in this part of Japan. dles its finances; encourages its

OUR WORLD-vYIDE OUTLOOK

woman's work; administers dis- ISLANDS OF THE SEA gard it as a sacred trust. Aloha from cipline; guards its prerogatives the Hawaiian Islands and a merry carefully; at the same time it co- Aloha Na Makamaka Hawaii Christmas to the American Board! operates most cordially and fraternally with the missions labor- Across nearly six thousand The Independent Church ing side by side with it for the miles-from Boston to Honolulu accomplishment of the big task -the first radio-telephonic mes- The Aglipayan Church of the of evangelizing the 20,000,000 of sage was sent Wednesday eve- Philippines is a combination of Korea's population. Only one- ning, December 23, 1931, from about 10 per cent high church fortieth of the people are as yet New England to Hawaii, and a Episcopalianism, about 85 per Christian. brief conversation carried on cent of the kind of nationalism between the American Board represented in America by the A Marvel of Modern History and the Hawaiian Evangelical D. A. R., the old guard Republi- Association, and 111 churches cans and the American Legion, In a period of forty years a of six nationalities in Hawaii. and about five per cent of the thousand Christian churches worship of science. have been established in Korea. Dr. Leavitt delivered the first The growth of the Christian formal radio-telephonic message Doctrinally, the Aglipayan or communities, the early natural- between New England and Independent Church has evolved iuition of Christianity in the Honolulu. He said in part: to the place where it is as far Korean environment, and the from Rome in belief as the far-reaching influence of the re- On this historic occasion the Amer- Philippines is removed from ligion on the thought and life of ican Board of Commissioners for For- Rome in distance, the Catholic the people, have been remark- eign .Missions greets again the Ha- Dictionary to the contrary not- waiian Evangelical Association in the withstanding. Bishop Aglipay able, and the present day Ko- fellowship of a great and common in various statements has speci- purpose. fically repudiated the Catholic rean is awakening under the in- doctrines of the supremacy of For 112 years strong ties have the pope, transsubstantiation, fluence of Western culture. One bound the best that is in America to the adoration of Mary, the celi- the best that is in the Hawaiian bacy of the priesthood, the has only to walk through the Islands, ever since that famous band priest's power to forgive sins, of missionaries embarked on the brig ecclesiastical indulgences, and streets of certain cities on any Thaddeus for the Sandwich Islands in purgatory. On the other hand 1819. his movement is equally fa; Sunday and notice the number f.rom Protestantism. Every Ag- The first act of communication re- hpayan church has its images of closed business shops to un- quired 159 days to complete. Today and every priest wears robes derstand something of the great Boston speaks to Honolulu not only much like those of the Catholic lip to lip, in an instant of time and Church. Although Aglipay was impact that Christianity has annihilating space, but in a deeper friendly with Protestant groups, sense, from soul to soul. there has been a gradual withmade on this land. Christian drawal until now there is little progress in Korea is partly indi- The reply from Honolulu was or no contact. This is largely heard through seven sets of ear due to the strange mixture of cated by the following statistics phones distributed among those ultra-moderJ.ljstism in theology, taken from "The Korean Mis- present. The Hawaiian friends ultra-CatholIc practices, and ul- were assembled in the Throne t r a-nationalistic preachments sion Year Book" for 1928: Room of the Capitol building in which the Independent Church Honolulu. Mr. Arthur Alexan- presents. Total missionaries. . . . . . . . . . 491 der, vice-president of the Ha- waiian Board, said: -The Christian Century. Churches or groups.. . . . . . . . 4,147 Friends .of the American Board: ANew Mission Boat Communicants or full mem- The change that has taken place since the first missionaries arrived in Mrs. Henry W. Peabody is rebers .'……………… . 111,134 March, 1820, is almost incredible. joicing that God has provided Today we are conversing directly with means for the purchase of the Catechumens or probationers 64,697 you in Boston. In 1820 it took over Fukuin Maru. The Association a year to get even a simple question of Baptists for Evangelism in Baptized children ……… . 22,039 answered. We cannot realize the iso- the Orient will operate the boat lation of the early missionaries to in a group of the Philippine Is- Other adherents ………. . 58,318 Hawaii and the hardships that they lands which are now without suffered. In less than f.orty years missionaries. Mrs. Peabody's Sunday Schools, adult and they had made of them a Christian own enthusiastic words written nation. from Orlando, Florida, are: primary …………… . 4,763 They did more than christianize Our prayers are answered and the Sunday School scholars …. . 220,335 Hawaii. They helped the Hawaiian check for the purchase of the Fukuin Government to maintain its inde- Teachers in Sunday Schools. 14,370 pendence. They founded the present school system, and paved the way for Bible Classes (four days or the racial harmony and c.ooperation that is one of the features of our life longer ……………… 3,285 today.

Bible Class attendance, men. 49,218 In 1863 y.our board withdrew its support and transferred the local Bib 1e CIa s s attendance, work to the Hawaiian board. We re- women .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,667 Korean contributions, 1927, yen ………………… 1,245,757 Korean contributions, 1925, yen ………………… 1,147,149 The average gain in number of communicants was an average of 24 per cent, while the average gain in giving was 250 per cent.

–Dnyanodaya.

Maru is in my hands. The cost of training in Sunday schools or meet the increasing needs conmaintenance will be kept down to the otherwise. It is clearly evident fronting it. In addition to all very lowest figure. We can save much that one of the most effective its regular work, it is now act- ways to combat the crime prob- ing as a central agency for the by having our students serve as crew. They will have plenty of time f.or evangelistic work while the ship is in lem in Chicago and other cities relief of the unemployed people port. The zone where the boat will operate is not in the typhoon zone. is to plant the church firmly in of our church. The society is The captain feels perfectly safe in every community with an ag- doing this work most wisely, eftaking his family with him for six fectively and sympathetically." gressive missionary program. The society has increased its months of the year, and his wife is -The Churchman.

such a finely equipped Bible teacher Mohammedan Activities original budget through the centhat she can be a whole faculty if tury from $1,000 to $375,000, needed – especially as the boys will Many Moslems live in New have had some training in the Bible York and vicinity. Most of these and this winter finds its re- School in Manila. come from Syria, Palestine, Tur- sources taxed to the breaking key, Persia, North Africa, Iraq, point with the ceaseless appeals NORTH AMERICA from destitute families.

League of Evangelical Students Arabia and India, and little is The Need for Volunteers being done to bring them into About six years ago the Na- living contact with Christ. Last The missionary enterprise has tional Young Men's Christian year a Christian Armenian, Esa a living challenge to Christian Association organized an inter- Kazazian, from Baghdad, began students of the present generaseminary conference. Some dele- to do work among them, distrib- tion, as was clearly shown at gates desired a doctrinal basis, uting Christian literature and the Buffalo Student Volunteer and, failing to secure it, organ- seeking to win them to Christ. Convention. The opportunity for ized, at Pittsburgh, an inter- Mr. Kazazian was backed in this missionary service is reported by seminary and inter-collegiate work by the American Bible a large number of the mission body with the following article Society, the American Tract So- boards. This reveals a significant in its constitution: ciety, and the American Chris- and urgent need. Nearly 600 Qualifications for membership in the tian Literature 'Society for Mos- openings are definitely financed, lems. Most of these Moslems and 250 other calls, are provileague shall be faith in the Bible as work in factories, and, as Mr. sional on special funds. For the infallible Word of God, and acceptance of the fundamental truths of the Christian religion, such as: The Kazazian says, "are astonished evangelistic work there is urgent Trinity, the virgin birth of Christ, need for 229 ordained men and to learn that some one in Amer- 133 trained women. The edu- His divine and His human nature, His ica cares for their souls." cational field requires 67 men substitutionary atonement, His resurrection from the dead, and His com- A colporteur observed that Mohammedans have lately been and 176 women with adequate ing again.

The League of Evangelical working among Negroes in the preparation and personal quali- Students has gone on success- Pittsburgh region. The Mohamfully and now is planning to es- medan argument is: "Christians fications. Hospital work and tablish in every institution of brought you here as slaves and pioneer medical service calls higher education in North Amer- have oppressed you. We Mo- for the consecrated skill of 67 ica a group devoted to the pro- hammedans are all brothers. The men physicians, 44 women phymotion of spiritual life, and to Bible says Jesus was buried in the propagation of New Testa- Palestine; but here we have a sicians, and 98 nurses. Other ment Christianity. picture of his tomb in India." specialized tasks demand trained agriculturists, carpenters, treas- Chicago a Mission Field There is a definite need for mis- urers, an experienced librarian sionary work to fortify Negroes and a college president.

The need is for intelligent and Chicago offers one of the and others with the Scriptures. earnest Christian youth moved by the spirit of Christ and posigreatest missionary fields in the world, the Ven. Frederick G. Protestant Episcopal Mission tive faith and conviction-and Centenary with adequate preparation. Deis, Archdeacon of Metropoli- tan Chicago, declared. He esti- The 100th anniversary of the Jews Turning to Jesus mated that 25,000 Episcopalians Protestant Episcopal City Misare "lost" to the church in Chi- sion Society of New York City In an Orthodox synagogue of cago at the present time through was celebrated in January at Brooklyn not long ago, during lack of a sufficient missionary special services at the Cathedral certain days of repentance and program and machinery for of St. John the Divine. Bishop prayer, Jews were seen lying on keeping in touch with a shifting Manning, president of the or- their faces crying to God for metropolitan population. ganization, paid the following protection upon them and their Statistics show that the aver- tribute to its growth and useful- persecuted brethren, especially age age of gangsters range from ness: in Russia. One elderly Jew liftseventeen. to twenty-two years. "The society has stretched its ed up his hands towards heaven, Statistics also prove that few of facilities to meet each new op- and in an agony of soul cried our gangsters ever had any portunity and has striven to out: "Oh that Thou wouldest

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

rend the heavens, that Thou wegian Lutheran Church and an ancient horn to call his people wouldest come down. Lord, send the Augustana S y nod. The together for worship. our Messiah, and should the Council held its second annual Jesus of the gentiles be the one, meeting in Chicago on Janu- Last spring the mission cared grant us a sign that we may be ary 26. for the natives in Kokrinnes sure and forgive our guilt Village during the epidemic of toward Him." A changed atti- Interracial Cooperation in influenza. The ninety-four miles tude toward Jesus Christ is in Tennessee between the two villages was evidence, and though inadequate covered by dog-teams spaced in yet shows that contempt is giv- It is encouraging to note the relays to make a continuous ing way to recognition. In a improvement in interracial rela- journey. Baltimore publication, The Med- tions in the southern states. The iator, was an account of a me- activities reported by James D. -The Churchman. morial service for Jesus, which Burton, Secretary of the Interopened with a reading of the racial Commission of Tennessee: LATIN AMERICA Sermon on the Mount. is cheering. Many conferences have been held in the past year Will Mexico be Dry? The Rabbi's sermon consisted and city and county leaders have of six reasons why Jews should been enlisted in the w 0 r k Temperance is making headregard Jesus as a great teacher: throughout the state. Close con- way in Mexico and steps are be- tact is maintained with state ing taken to make the nation (1) Because He lived as a Jew, departments of health, educa- dry. The movement is sponmingled with Jews, and observed their tion and various institutions sored not only by church organfestivals. (2) He died as a Jewish looking to the improvement of izations and women's societies, patriot, for principles and convictions. community life in race relations. but is also promoted by the Gov- (3) His religion was the religion of Better accommodations for col- ernment. In 1929 President Gil the synagogue. He taught the father- ored people have been provided initiated an anti-alcohol camhood of God and the brotherhood of in some localities, an anti-lynch- paign, and began propaganda in man. (4) Jesus was a Jew in His ing bill has been endorsed by schools and other Government criticism of the Jews of His day. (5) white leaders, more adequate organizations; he ordered tem- Jesus was a Jew in that He influenced police protection in Negro com- perance programs regardless of the Jewish race by His personality. munities; better economic and the personal opinion of the In other words, because Jesus was a educational conditions h a v e teachers. Though the present kinsman of the Jews they became of been promoted and morals have administration does not push the world importance. (6) Jesus was a been improved. There is great campaign as did Mr. Gil, the Jew in His influence on the history of need for better state institutions movement has a momentum that humanity. He introduced the ideas of for juvenile delinquents, the will not stop. A recent law Judea into the whole universe. feeble-minded, the sick and the closes saloons from Saturday helpless. Adequate protection, night till Monday morning. Hav- Lutheran Home Mission Council justice and opportunity should ing the saloons closed this one be given to all. day, the biggest spending day of This Council for North Amer- the week, has made a great imica was organized in 1930 to Alaskan News pre s s ion in Zitacuaro. The give encouragement and infor- prison keeper complained that mation in home mission work The United States Govern- he did not get enough men in jail and method; to study and sur- ment is using the old army post on Sunday to work the roads vey home mission fields; to adopt buildings at Fort Gibbon, Alas- during the week. Since Sunday principles according to which ka, as h 0 s pit a 1, orphanage, is the biggest market day, and home mission fields may be oc- school for the blind, etc., for the families come to town from cupied and worked without du- natives. Rowe Hall, which cares miles away, the enforcement of plication of effort and expense for the children, has more than this law is a genuine blessing. and without unfriendly compe- proved its worth, but it must be tition. To carry out this latter closed owing to lack of funds. Disturbance in Central America purpose, it is suggested that Deaconess Bedell of the Episcolocal Home Mission Councils be pal Church hopes to open it as The Central American States formed in all large Lutheran soon as she returns from her are still centers of earthquakes centers where there is a major- furlough. and of political upheavals. San ity of cooperating bodies. Such Salvador has had a recent shorta council has already been or- Henry Moses, mISSIOn lay lived rebellion· and in February ganized in metropolitan New reader and interpreter at the disturbances in San Jose, Costa York and has demonstrated the Protestant Episcopal Mission of Rica, caused the United States feasibility of this procedure. Our Saviour at Tanana is hord- Legation to be abandoned when Bodies cooperating in the na- ing services in the cabins of the the barracks across the street tional organization are the Unit- natives. Blind Paul, for thirty- were being bombarded. A rebeled Lutheran Church, American five years conducted them, using lious movement was led by Man- Lutheran Church, the Lutheran uel Castro Quesada, defeated Free Church, United Danish candidate for president. All Church, Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church of America, Nor-

streets were deserted and busi- been brought into the church. being fought for the right to be ness paralyzed. Costa Rica is a Little settlements and groups Protestants without detriment small mission field occupied by are holding their own services to their citizenship rights.

the Methodist Episcopal Church, in the absence of the missionary, Evangelical Christians are not the Anglicans and the Central and are looking forward eager- to be looked upon as the pro- American Mission. ly to his return visit. teges of foreigners and a for- Brazil Calls Loudly With Iquitos, Peru, as head- eign religion, but as one hundred quarters, missionaries of the In- per cent Peruvians with some- Brazil needs more mission- land South American Union thing in quality which the ordiaries, especially in the Amazon itinerate up and down the hun- nary Peruvian does not possess. valley and the central tablelands. dreds and thousands of miles of The Evangelical church seeks "The vast hinterland, now waterways, a work which has the regeneration of the individshrinking in size because of the only begun to bring results. This ual and aims to convert the comnew motor roads, demands an region has been and is still one munity to tolerance if not to active missionary campaign," of the "uttermost parts," and faith." says Dr. Erasmo Braga, out- with Tibet form the last two – World Dominion. standing Brazilian leader. There regions closed to the Gospel. EUROPE are twenty-three Protestant Protestant Rights in Peru Methodist Union in Britain missionary societies, with about five hundred missionaries, in- The Rev. John Ritchie of Peru A few years ago there were cluding wives, at work in about writes that the maximum of self- five Methodist denominations in eighty stations in Brazil. The government ought to be the nor- Great Britain: the Wesleyan, native Christian staff numbers mal procedure in a Christian the Primitive, the United Free, 713, of whom 250 are ordained Church whose members are led the New Connection, the Bible men. The Evangelicals have 750 of the Holy Spirit. He says: Christians. Then there were organized churches, with over "The native church should be three: the Wesleyan, Primitive 122,000 communicant members, foreign only to the extent of its and the United, which gathered not counting the 350,000 mem- heavenly character and not on in the other two. bers of the German Lutheran account of its earthly deriva- In September, 1932, there will Church in the southern states. tion." be only one. The present population of Brazil Mr. Ritchie says that converts The union has been achieved is over forty million. Thousands are insisting on their status as with patience and goodwill on of cities and towns are un- Peruvians as well as Christians. all sides. Each church has its touched by the Gospel; the vast It is the policy of the church of own distinctive traditions, which interior, with over 1,000,000 In- Rome to exclude Protestants have gathered around them the dians, is practically unreached. from the cemeteries. But the radiance of many memories. Evangelical Christians, under But the union will be complete World's Sunday School Mr. Ritchie's advice, insist on and there will be no minority Convention their rights as Peruvian citizens keeping out of the new church.

The first assemblage of Chris- to use the village cemetery. An African in Liverpool tians from all over the world to "This stand has been successbe held in South America will be fully taken throughout the inte- A convert of Mary Slessor of the World's Sunday School As- rior towns and villages and in Calabar, named Ekarte, went to sociation Convention in Rio de many places Protestants have sea and found himself stranded Janeiro, July 25-31. At least been allowed to use the pub- in Liverpool, where he was led fifty nations will be represented. lic cemetery, thus establishing to undertake the help of other A youth conference will be a precedent which will be diffi- Africans who came on steamers one of the features. In addition cult to overcome. The native to the port. He visits all the to the main program, institutes Christian desires to avoid taking ships which carry African and seminars will be held for a any course which would make crews so that now the men more intensive study of Chris- them a community apart from know him and look to him for tian education in its world-wide their fellow countrymen. help in difficulty.

aspects. For the multitudes who . "The native Evangelical synod Ekarte lives in a little room cannot attend, but who are eager has also refused to establish in a poor quarter. There you to be personally identified with mission schools and is insisting may find him teaching colored the convention, there is an Inter- that their children be received men or children the catechism cessory Prayer Membership. into the state schools and be ac- or hymns or discussing pass- World's Hardest Field corded decent treatment by the port complications. Or he may nun-trained school mistresses: be rushing to the hospital or to During the last two years hos- As teachers become accustomed the police court to help an ar- tility and distrust on the part of to having the children of Evan- rested sailor. The hospitals are Amazonian Indians has been gelicals, intolerance wears down. miles away, and Ekarte has to overcome and 645 converts have The battle is not won but it is walk the whole distance once or

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

twice a week to visit all in which Its initial undertaking was at of the city councils and regional there are colored people. Mirzapur, United Provinces of congresses.

This convert of Miss SIessor India, buying the London Mis- Today in Spain there could be has absolute faith in prayer. sionary Society's £5,220 plant. employed as preachers and lec- A writer in Life and Work says: In West China it is working turers all the pastors working "On one occasion I brought a with Bishop Cassels, and in in all the Spanish-speaking parcel of food for himself, South China it has absorbed the countries. There are less than knowing that if I gave him Emmanuel Medical Mission at· a hundredth part of the workers money he would directly give it Nanning, formed by Dr. and needed, and these are so poor to others. When I presented it he Mrs. Lechmere Clift. In Burma that even those who receive the remarked that he had been pray- it has begun extensive missions highest salaries would be unable ing for three seamen who were and has taken over the Deaf and to eat in the United States, not destitute and starving and now Dumb School and Orphanage for to speak of rent and clothing.

the answer had come. Within evangelizing the eleven thousand The highest salary for a pastor four days he had got one of deaf mutes of Burma. in Madrid in terms of dollars them a position on a liner going North Africans in France would be $40 a month. Their back to Africa. A week later congregations are also poor.

he secured similar positions for At present there are about Germany and England are dothe other two." 110,000 North Africans, Ber- ing something but their help is -Ernest Gordon. bers, Arabs and Kabyls from meager. If the North Ameri- Algiers in France. Many of can boards working in Latin Religious Interest in England them have come in contact with America could help Spain at present they would help the The statistics published in the Prc)testant missionaries in their work in all Spanish-speaking official yearbook of the Church home lands and while in Paris countries, because Spain is now of England give grounds for an attend Protestant services. A becoming more and more the group of Mohammedans comes leader in all those countries. encouraging view of the state of regularly an hour's ride by bus religion in that country today. -Juan Ortz Gonzales. During 1930 there were in the to take part in the meetings and 12,801 Anglican parishes 420,- the driver, a Kabyl, leaves his Protestant Academies in 281 baptisms, or about 75 per bus parked in the street to go Germany cent of the total number of in himself. A former student of births registered in England in El-Ahzar University is an at- The most noticeable way of that year. Add the baptisms in tendant at services, and a Kabyl balancing the German budget Methodist, Congregational, Bap- who became a Christian and re- has been by reducing the salaries tist and other churches and it be- turned to his home country re- of state officials of all classes. comes evident that the number ports that, notwithstanding con- Particularly drastic is the deciof families that ignore religious stant peril of life, he has so far sion that out of 15 pedagogical observances must be small. For distributed about 1,250 portions academies, in which since the the attendances at religious wor- of the Bible among his people. war the ele~entary school teach- ship the yearbook estimates that A New Spain ers have been trained, only six the attendance of "adult regular will remain, and how long those worshippers" at Anglican serv- Last summer I traveled 4,500 will remain open is uncertain. ices is at least 6,500,000. The miles in Spain and talked with It is significant of present poaddition of Non-Conformist more than fifty Protestant pas- litical conditions that the nine Church worshippers would bring tors, representing different de- academies sacrificed are all the total number up to about 10,- nominations. Protestant, while the two Cath- 000,000. Though the number of Span- olic academies, and the one in ish Protestants is small (scarce- Frankfurt with no religious af- Bible Churchmen's Society ly 12,000 among more than 22 filiations, will continue their The Bible Churchmen's Mis- millions) , the Evangelical move- work. This means that the sionary Society was organized in ment has been an important fac- Catholic influence has bee n 1922 by members of the Church tor in bringing about the re- strong enough to protect their of England and in the seven public. Some of the secretaries cultural institutions, while the years of its existence its yearly in the present government were Protestants are not in sympathy income has passed from £25,144 pupils in Protestant schools, and with the present Prussian govin 1923 to £57,000 in 1930, in an are not ashamed to confess it in ernment. uninterrupted increase. It has public. I found everywhere -The Christian Century.

commissioned 116 British mis- that, among the most influential Religious Interest in Bulgaria sionaries and has 68 in training. men of this government, Prot., Ten of these are physicians and estantism is well thought of. A wave of religious interest there are already 87 native Some of our pastors have even seems to have appeared in the workers. It is pledged to pioneer been offered the office of provin- University of Sofia. Not only is advance wherever possible. cial governor or the presidency the Bulgarian Student Chris-

tian movement at a high point merly American Presbyterian pIe in evangelism; vacation Bible Schools; an aroused in its activity, but a strong Mission, Cameroons, and Mrs. "Health Sense"; intensive study of Egypt's agricultural removement among Russian stu- H. D. Hooper, formerly Church sources with a resultant lessen- ing of rural poverty; better dents has also come into promi- Missionary Society, Kenya, as roads-a challenge to the evan- gelist, and finally greater lennence. The three days' confer- associate editors. Mr. Hubert iency on the part of the govern- ment toward Christian instrucence of the Russian movement W. Peet, of the Far and Near tion.

in Sofia, just closed, was the Press Bureau, is managing edi- A Wordless Worship first ever held there, and one of . tor. Men calling themselves prophthe best held anywhere in recent ets have been a recurring feayears by Russians, according to Effects of Christian Education ture of the Christian movement in West Africa. More than a an experienced leader who was The answers given below were year ago such a man began to written by students at the close preach and heal on the western present. New cooperation be- of a year's course on "Problems border of the Ekiti country. His of Religion," given at the Amer- method is to pray, quote Psalms, tween all Russian student or- ican University at Cairo. lead in singing hymns, preach the coming of the end of the age, ganizations in the University of I used to believe that tying rags to then call on his hearers to sur- Sofia was one by-product of the tombs and lighting candles at them render their idols and confess would bring good luck, but now I be- their sins. Water brought by meeting. the credulous is blessed and lat- -Donald A. Lowrie in the er drunk for their healing. Tak- ing advantage of this awakened Christian Century. zeal, two missionaries of the C. M. S. opened work at Kpata, in Athens School of Religion Closes lieve nothing of that sort. This course the Bassa country. A school has made me see that true religion was started, although it had no equipment beyond a blackboard, The School of Religion at should lift the standard of my con- and a hundred children attend- Athens, the only surviving duct.-A Palestinian Moslem. ed. A dispensary opened and there were fifty patients a day. American Board school for the This course has strengthened my Last February a message came training of religious leaders for belief in a good God. – A Russian from villages in the bush: all of the Near East, is to be Atheist. "Please send us some one to help closed next June, according to us! We do not even know how I believe this course has taught me to pray." This it was impos- what true religion is. If I have sible to do but a few months lat- er another message came saying learned only this from the course, it that they had built a church. present plans. It is arranged is enough.-A Palestinian Moslem. They had given up their market that the training for leadership In primary schools, I learned that on Sunday, and met in the the Koran was the true word of God church; there they stand up, given at the New Bulgarian -perfectly correct, no mistakes and kneel, sit down, but no one says Seminary and at the Beirut no errors. I could not discuss with a word, for they do not know what to say, or how to pray. School for Religious Workers of my teacher that this was not right or he would have beaten me and might Basuto and Barotse the Presbyterian Mission may to have expelled me from school. – An some extent make up for the Egyptian Moslem. In the oldest field of the Paris loss, but the regrettable action Evangelical Missionary Society was unavoidable, owing to finan- -Recent Bull e tin of the -Basutoland-t h e church is cial conditions. American University. looking forward to celebrating its centenary in 1933. Basu- AFRICA Egypt's Problems and Progress toland feels the world depres- sion, but in spite of prevailing Listen to Africa Miss Finney of the American poverty the church maintains a Mission at Tanta, Egypt, out- healthy growth. The number The International Committee lines some of the problems met of declared new converts has on Christian Literature for Af- there. As rural mission schools risen from 2,000, the average rica has planned to issue a pe- are being replaced by the better riodical to be published six times equipped government schools, a year, for village people and the need arises for preaching school children in Africa. It centers to become the nucleus of will be called Listen, News from future churches. The increase Near and Far. The publication of government schools enlarges of the paper has been made pos- the reading public, thus calling sible by the generous financial for larger supplies of good readsupport of the American Com- ing material, and providing a mittee on Christian Literature widening opportunity. for Women and Children in Mission Fields. It will be pub- The national aspirations of lished in English, and it is present day Egyptians must be hoped that it will be read by met by inspiring the younger teachers and others who know generation to real service for English in the villages, and in their country. Addiction to narclasses in schools where English· cotics, the difficulties of converts is taught. The Rev. H. Stover from Islam and woman's posi- Kulp, of the Church of the tion under Islam never cease to Brethren Mission, Nigeria, is be problems. editor of the paper, with Miss Jean Kenyon Mackenzie, for- As to progress, Miss Finney 1i s t s decreasing fanaticism; greater interest of young peo-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

annual increase for years past, ans and the Chinese. Out of stantinople correspondent of the to 3,000. As to church contri- t his preliminary conference Manchester Guardian, particu- butions for support and exten- came plans for an International larly affects many foreign insti- sion, this year's diminution is Club. The Chinese and Indians tutions of education, which are only £740 (£7,302 as against favor the purchase of a build- m 0 s t I y missionary and are £8,042 in 1929), and of this ing at once. This absorbingly founded for religious purposes.

£7,302, £407 was for work interesting enterprise has met Angora claims to have estab- among their countrymen on the with the unanimous approval of lished religious liberty, but on Rand. The main development all races and should provide the the other hand monastic associ- is in the mountain region of the contacts out of which a spirit of ation is denied, and the Angora Maloutis, which occupy more understanding may develop be- leaders have abandoned Islam.

than two-thirds of the country, tween the vanguard of each There is no interference with reliand to which the increase of group. gious worship, and the mosques are population drives more and more -The Congregationalist. still well frequented by the working and lower middle-classes. Six thouinhabitants every year.. These WESTERN ASIA sand clergy, hodjas and imams and muezzins, are paid out of the budget have been ministered to by na- Three American Colleges of the state, though there has been tive evangelists, supervised by fully ordained native pastors, Seventy-six years ago a ship some protest. but the growing complexity of sailed from New York for the The Angora leaders do not think it the situation requires a Euro- Orient bearing two men of despean worker, and it is hoped tiny, Daniel Bliss and Tillman advisable for the organization of re- ligion to be outside state control. It that one may soon be installed. gives them a better hold on the preachers. But its semi-establishment -The Christian. C. Trowbridge, who with Cyrus does not mean its state recognition. Hamlin, already a missionary at It is really a police measure. Younger Generation Sacrifice Constantinople, were to be col- The Guardian's correspond- Many young Christians in An- lege builders in the Near East. ent finds an intellectualist, magola, West Central Africa, have Robert College, founded by Dr. terialist, modernist spirit, torefused positions that would Hamlin, is now in its sixty- gether with a natural reaction mean comparative wealth in or- eighth year. 'Syrian Protestant against all that was the foundader to continue teaching under College, founded by Dr. Bliss tion of the Imperial regime. conditions little short of pover- and now the American Univerty, reports Dr. Henry S. Hollen- sity of Beirut, is in its sixty- When it comes to interreli- fifth year. Dr. Trowbridge re- gious propaganda, the question beck, of Sachikela. They have turned to America sixty years dedicated their lives not only to ago to take the steps necessary is very different: the school activities but to evan- for the establishment of a third gelistic efforts. They find a college at Aintab, now Aleppo Here the Turks remain extremely growing desire for the Christian College. sensitive. Recently there have been message in unoccupied villages. several cases of protests and police This youngest of the three col- investigations regarding supposed leges received public endorse- conversions to Christianity effected by ment at the annual meeting of for e i g n educational institutions. the American Board in Salem in "They teach on meager allow- 1872, and was to embody plans Whenever such cases arise there is a ances, and one young man re- far in advance of the time. The popular call for the expUlsion of forfused a position as carpenter other two colleges had been eign educational orders and establishfor a prosperous company even chartered by the State of New after considerable pressure was York as American institutions, ments. brought to bear upon him, and The g,overnment sends investigators he was told he might name his own salary." and sometimes favors the idea of re- quiring that the directors of such in- stitutions shall be Turks. It is forced by public opinion to prevent all lib- erty of religious propaganda. Ango- ra's main preoccupation is to keep all Four Races Confer the ideal being a foreign college, its citizens very Turkish and na- tional. Chinese, Indians, Eurafri- independent of the mission, on A certain amount of Christian cans, Bantu, one Scotchman, an Turkish soil. The initiative for Englishman and an American the founding of the college at p,ropaganda does go on. The New sat down together recently and Aintab had come from the native Testament is now being translated discussed ways and means for churches. into the new Turkish language by a developing interracial under- committee in which Turks take part. standing in Johannesburg. The Religious Liberty in Turkey 2,000 Chinese have nothing in -Literary Digest. Liberty of worship in Turkey Wireless Station at Mecca common with the 10,000 Indi- appears to manifest itself large- The Moslem World (New ans, nor the Indians with the ly in religious indifference, ex- York) reports that the Marconi rest. The 30,000 Eurafricans cept among Christians. Company has asked the Egyp- are scarcely better off. The There is strong protest, some- tian government for a Moslem Bantu are constantly finding times followed by persecution, engineer of the State Telegraphs new friends among the whites, when Christians seek to convert to supervise the installation of but know little about the Indi- Moslems. This, says the Con- wi reI e s s apparatus in the

Hedjaz. Hamdi EI Kordi Ef- bic: "I am the Light of the separate the convert from the refendi will, before going to the ligious thought and feeling in which Hedjaz, visit London in order to World." obtain the necessary instruc- he was brought up and to attach him tions from the Marconi Com- MISCELLANEOUS NEWS to a new and foreign religion. Bepany. It is thought that the lieving that his own religion has been Moslems plan to open a wireless When the English Were Heathen finally determined for all time, he instation at Mecca. Missions are not modern! sists on unreserved acceptance of its According to Al-Muquattam Back in A.D. 598 Gregory made creed, ritual, and organization. (Ac- (Cairo), the Department of Pil- an appeal to Christian Africa cording to Basil Mathews, "the congrims in the Hedjaz reports the on behalf of pagan England. number of pilgrims arriving at Nearly 1,350 years ago he wrote vert to Christianity from another Mecca last year as follows: to Eubogius of Alexandria, in faith is a kind of spiritual scalp to northern Mrica: "The English hang up in our wigwam.") The actual The total was only 70,000, distrib- race, situated in the far corner u17te,~d17a;s Ifnodllioaw, s9:,62E0g; ySpyt,ri4a,,99321;9;JaPavla~ of the earth, has hitherto been ministry of Jesus gives us the true estme, 456; Sudan, 929; Yemen, 857; in unbelief, worshiping stocks conception of the missionary enter- Cape Colony, 71; Mesopotamia, 201' and stones. But, aided by your prise. Evangelism is the outflow of Algeria, 184; Afghanistan, 173; TUl': prayers, I sent a monk. Now, key, 279; Persia, 150; Hadramaut, letters have arrived telling me the divine love "which seeketh not its 130; Somali Land, 90; China, 85; and of his work. They show that he, own." Its supreme concern is with other countries, 2,268. Before the and those sent out with him, the life within the soul. The success World War the annual pilgrimage was shine amongst that nation with of the Hue evangelist is not in the three times as great as it is now. such miracles that they seem to number of ac,cessions which he is able imitate the mighty works of the to record, but in the spiritual influence apostles. At Christmas, more which he is able to exert, even though than 10,000 English people were such influence never issues in a single baptized. I tell you this that you may know what your accession. Where the mere proselytist might feel he had finished, the evan- prayers are doing at the world's end." gelist would feel that he had hardly -The Congregationalist. begun.

-The Congregationalist.

An Isolated Hospital Depression Brings Folks Back The hospital in Meshed, Per- "Reacting from the materialsia, is the only Christian hospi- ism of the decade that ended in tal for an area more than half 1929, mankind is finding its way the size of the United States. back to the church through the The nearest Christian hospital doorway of depression," said to the west is 560 miles away Bishop Wyatt Brown in adin Teheran. The nearest to the d res sin g the twenty-eighth southeast is 700 miles, as the Missionaries in Foreign Fields annual convention of the Diocese crow flies, at Peshawar. The A bulletin recently published of Harrisburg on January 26-27. nearest to the east is 3,000 miles by the graduate school of the "The economic situation in in Peking, across the whole American University, Washing- which we find ourselves is a breadth of Asia. The notice ton, D. C., presents the results challenge to the Church of boards at the head of the white of a study completed by the "cu- Christ. The appeal of the beds in the Meshed wards show mulative digest of international Church will be heard today as it patients from all over the lands law and relations," and gives has not been heard, yearningly of western and central Asia. some interesting figures con- and gladly, by thousands and Bag'hdad's New Religious Center cerning the number of missiona- thousands of the unchurched. ries now in service in foreign "Despite its unprecedented Several years ago Dr. Samuel countries. A total of 7,809 prosperity, the decade from M. Zwemer and Dr. James Can- American missionaries are now 1919 to 1929 had 'tragic results tine sought funds for a church stationed in 87 foreign coun- in the life of our people.' The to meet the needs of the native tries. Nearly one-half of these, American people were on a gaily Protestant congregation organ- or 3,712 missionaries, are lo- decorated toboggan, s lid in g ized by English missionaries in cated in the three countries of down a spiritual hill, amidst Baghdad. This organization, China, India and Japan. The great cheering, having lots of composed of families that had figure reported for American fun. Then came October, 1929. come out from the several Orien- missionaries in China is 1,846; God called His people home. The tal churches that make up the India, 1,351; Japan, 515. burden of poverty which has re- Christian minorities of the Near Evangelize or Proselyte sulted demands the Christian East, has always been independ- generosity and charity and deent of the United Mission, and A part of the Christian votion Qf us all." they wished a building of their Church is so afraid that it mig h t "proselyte" somebody Rev. Paul L. Warnshuis of Denver own that would be a real center that it hesitates to evangelize has been elected assistant director in for evangelistic work among anybody! Bernard Lucas in his its Department of City, Immigrant, Moslems at Baghdad. The build- book, Our Task in India, makes and Industrial Work, under the Presing is now completed and in- some significant distinctions: byterian Board of National Missions. cludes a chapel, seating over a Mr. Warnshuis will be superintendent hundred. A large plaque is in- The dominating idea of the pros- of Spanish-speaking work in the scribed with the words in Ara- elytist is the advancement of his own Southwest, an office to be left vacant particular religion. His aim is to by the withdrawal of Dr. Robert N. McLean.

Missionary

Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information The Negroes of Africa: History and known how to create and from which as the protector and succor of Culture. By Maurice Delafosse. 313 they are often able to obtain surpris- pp. $3.15. Associated Publishers, ing melodies, their recitative chants friendless children throughout Inc. Washington, D. C. and poetic improvisations, the ele- Great Britain.

This is a translation and a gance of the jewelry and the potteries Mr. Wesley Bready prefaces combination of three important which they manufacture and of cerlittle books by a former gov- the narrative of this great phiernor of the French Colonies and tain of their sculptures on wood and lanthropist and reformer with an outstanding authority on the on ivory, the design and the color of an interesting chapter on the African Negro. Maurice Dela- their mats and tissues, the good taste fosse, who died in 1926, was considered the leading authority on of their talent for ornamentation are history of social reform in Engthe peoples and languages of the incontestable proofs of artistic West Africa, where he spent faculties which are called upon to give land, directly attributing it to seventeen years. The book is an . the Evangelical Revival; and if extremely interesting compen- forth more and better than they have dium on African History and been able to do up to the present. in some instances the less con- Ethnology. The author holds that "the Negroes of Africa are The isolation in which natural bar- spicuous reformers were not not, properly speaking, autoch- riers have for too long a time closed thonous, but come from migra- their habitat has made of the African recognized as Christian in the tions having their point of de- Negroes, in relation to the more fa- Evangelical sense, they in turn parture towards the limits of the vored Europeans, backward peoples, Indian Ocean and the Pacific." found their inspiration and sup- The Pygmies or Negrillos, he be- or more exactly, retarded peoples: port from this source. lieves, are the autochthonous Africans. they have lost much time and they Dr. Barnardo was in early life greatly influenced by the writ- Succeeding chapters trace the will not be able to catch up in a day Development of Negro Civiliza- or in a century. But they have certion in Antiquity, Negro Africa tainly not said their last word and ings of Voltaire, Rousseau, and in the Middle Ages, the Euro- their history is not finished. Perhaps pean contacts with West Africa it is only beginning and this book is Paine, and probably would have and the Slave-trade, the Central only a preface. and Eastern Sudan; then fol- subscribed himself a skeptic. It lows an account of Native Po- S.M.Z. was the famous Irish revival litical Organizations, Social and which proved the turning point Family life, and Religious Beliefs and Practices. in his outlook when at the age of Dr. Barnardo: The Friend of Little seventeen he was led to Christ Each chapter is documented Children. By Wesley Bready. 271 with a select bibliography, al- pp. $2.50. Revell. New York. by his brothers. This period in though mostly French authori- his life is indicative of his subties are cited. There are four maps and an unusually full in- The Evangelical Revival of the sequent service. dex. Optimism, insight, and sympathy are rare qualities in 19th Century has been criticized The experiences immediately a book on the Negro, but they in that it limited the scope of the following his conversion have are all found here. He says: Gospel. Superficial observers been common to many. For a affirm that its chief concern was time he was strongly influenced It is impossible not to recognize with the souls of individuals and by Plymouth Brethren, but their that the African Negroes are remark- failed to recognize the signifi- interpretation of Scripture did ably gifted from the point of view of cance of what they term the "so- not give that freedom of soul he the arts. Their innate musical dispo- cial gospel." And yet it was dur- associated with Christian fellowsition, the instruments that they have ing this very period that the ship, and he became a member public conscience was awakened of the established church. There to prevailing evils. Wilberforce followed a season of deep mis- in the British Parliament be- sionary zeal coming under the came the protagonist of the slave influence of Dr. Hudson Taylor, trade; Plimsall espoused the and he volunteered for work in cause of sailors and introduced China, and it was while a medi- bills to insure greater safety to cal student in London, in prep- men who go down to the sea in aration for service in China, that ships; the Earl of Shaftesbury young Barnardo received the so identified himself with many. "call" for his life service among philanthropies as to make his the waifs, first in the slums in name cherished in the memory London and later throughout the of the nation; and Dr. Thomas United Kingdom. The incidents Barnardo became no less known connected with his changed life [253]

plans and the early experiences of 1,000 thoroughly trained therefore of great significance: "From conversion till death are frequently thrilling and COll- young artisans. Barnardo was an avowed Evanstitute a romance of city mis- In view of the service of this gelical. But this does not mean that his religion was static. sionary work. Like many others, indefatigable servant of God, Quite the contrary! The evolu- tion of his convictions is appar- Barnardo found "the reward of this great reformer and social ent. In youth, under the influservice more service" and grad- worker, it seems strange that no ence of Brethrenism, he inclined to the belief that the Lord's Taually to his numerous duties was state honor was bestowed upon ble should be open only to the immersed. In middle age, a libadded evangelistic work. him in recognition of his eral non-conformist, he was much less concerned about doc- As his work expanded he be- achievements. But Eng I and trines and dogmas as such: while during his last twelve came conscious of evils requir- never conferred upon him the years, a lay-reader in the Church of England, he was ready to coing legislative action and Dr. coveted prize of her citizens, operate with all, whatever their affiliation, if only they 'loved the Barnardo, the medical home either knighthood or baronetcy. Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity and truth.' " missionary, became the states- These years of unremitting laman reformer. His arduous la- bors were not without oppo- W. R. MOODY. bors were supplemented by the sition. Nothing invites critihsuepavpyortbuorfdehnis owf otrhke, feivnearnciinal- A Merry Mountaineer. By R. W. cism or even bitter opposition Howard. 93 pp. Is. Church Miscreasing calls for his help in like evidences of success. Dr. sionary Society. London. 1931. evangelistic work and consulta- Barnardo experienced trials of This is not the story of a tion with government officials in nearly every character. Reli- mountain dweller, but of a young Englishman, Clifford Harris, plans. The extent of his activi- gious bigotry was perhaps the who, as a teacher in the Stuart Memorial School in Isfahan, ties was almost superhuman. cause of his greatest trial, but Persia, found delight in moun- tain climbing. For three and a "Throughout the forty years of . gossip was also circulating im- half years his work in the school was teaching English, his rescue work it is doubtful if pugning his motives, charging but he also led the boys in ath- letic sports and at the summer he averaged six hours' rest per ill-treatment of the very children camp in swimming and hiking. night," says the biographer, he so dearly loved, and even "and often, for months, he accusing him of misuse of funds It became his custom to go out worked sixteen to eighteen hours entrusted to his care. Through to the villages on the weekly a day." these trials he emerged with Friday holiday, tramping and dragging a sled with his kit and The full results of Dr. Bar- greater public esteem and fully a lantern and slides to show pic- tures on the life of Christ to the nardo's work can never be exonerated in each case. villagers. The call of the vil- lages was to him overwhelming. known. Some idea of conditions To what may the phenomenal He wrote: "These little groups always thrill me; we have so in London's east end early in the success be attributed? Others much to share and give, for their religion has not the same spirit- 19th Century may be realized by have had genius in organization, ual power in it as ours and is not joyful." One secret of his winthe fact that "74.5 per cent of others have had a similar capac- ning personality was his joy- that "radiance" that characterall the children of the slums in ity for unremitting labors, and ized the early Christians. He hoped to make it his life work the metropolis died before their others have had equal training, "to live in the villages among the Persians like a Persian," fifth birthday." One wonders but their labors have not thus even planning to support him- self as a tinker, and also giving how any could have survived the been crowned by any such suc- simple remedies.

terrible unsanitary conditions cess. There may be various an- In the bitter winter of 1930, and moral degradation in which swers, but it is of interest to so many lived. Ignorance, know that to which Dr. Barnar- drunkenness, and all forms of do himself assigned the suc- immorality were widespread. cess. Once, when asked to what In this atmosphere Dr. Barnar- he attributed the extraordinary do found hoards of destitute fact that 98 per cent of those children inured to vice, aban- who had gone from his "Homes"

doned by their natural guardi- to the colonies had made good, ans, and constituting a grave he replied without hesitation, menace to the future as well as "Every boy and girl that goes the present. After forty years from our care I personally inter- he achieved the extraordinary view on their relationship to record of having "fathered sixty Christ. To this I assign every thousand children" whom he had degree of success that has been rescued from the untold evils attained."

and misery of their surround- Even a sympathetic biogra- ings and trained for some useful pher cannot adequately delineate occupation. The modest expendi- the essential characteristics of ture of two hundred pounds his subject. Those of us who grew during his life to an an- knew and loved the great doctor nual budget of $1,000,000, with are indebted to Mr. Bready for an average daily enrollment of the portrayal he has given of 7,000 and an annual migration this great soul. His summing party to Canada and Australia up of Dr. Barnardo's religion is

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

when there was great destitu- the Panjab; and third, the pro- Negro Year Book: An Annual Ency- clopedia of the Negro, 1931-1932. tion, he helped feed 250 starving ceedings of the Presbyterian By Munroe N. Work. 544 pp. people a day. He contracted ty- Centennial Celebration includphus fever, and in delirium he ing three masterly addresses by $2.00. Negro Year Book Publishwas still climbing mountains. Dr. Robert E. Speer, on the ing Co., Tuskegee Institute, Ala- bama.

On the morning he died he said: Founders and the Foundations, All who are interested in the "It will be great up the moun- Elisha P. Swift, and Walter supreme national racial problem tain with Jesus." To quote Lowrie. It was the latter, of the United States will welfrom his last sermon: "Faith Walter Lowrie, who declared in come this new edition of an means a passion, an enthusiasm, 1847: "The Pre s b y t e ria n annual which has won its way as a consuming zeal, that eats up Church is a Missionary Society the standard work of reference everything. " the object of which is to aid in on matters relating to the the conversion of the world, and Negro. The present edition is a ANNIE RHEA WILSON. every member of this Church is distinct improvement on earlier a member for life of said So- ones. The material is new and in- Missions Matching the Hour. By Ste- ciety, and bound to do all in his cludes practically every aspect of phen J. Corey. 8 vo. 184 pp. 50 power for the accomplishment cents. Cokesbury Press. Nashville. of this object." interracial relationship. There 1931. are special chapters on Racial As we read the story of these Consciousness, Discrimination Changing conditions at home great founders who laid the Against the Negro, Segregation, and abroad present a new chal- foundations of a world-wide The Negro and Politics, and the lenge, new needs, new problems missionary enterprise through Progress of the Negro Race, and new opportunities to the the Presbyterian Church, recall both as property owners and in Church of Christ. Dr. Corey, their sacrificial love, noble, un- agriculture and business. Imthe President of the United selfish service, we can not help Christian Missionary Society, wonder why the church today portant inventions made by presents the case briefly, clearly cannot dream as nobly and dare Negroes during the past five and effectively. First he studies as boldly as did these great years are listed as are the names "Missions under Fire" and the predecessors. of those who earned scholastic effectiveness of Christianity it- distinction and are known in the self is challenged. He meets the S. M. Z. world of literature. The progcritics with facts rather than ress of Negro education and of with theories; he challenges the The Friendly Farmers. By Elizabeth the work of the church are enmodern spirit of secularism and Harris and Gertrude Chandler couraging. The statistics are shows the need of the world to- Warner. 12 mo. cloth, $1.00; pa- seemingly accurate and cover day, the need of the Church and per, 75c. Friendship Press. New such matters as the Distribution the ability of Christ to meet York. 1931. of Population, Mortality and these needs. Pastors of all de- Lynching. There is an excellent nom ina t ion s will find this This course for Primary boys account of the Negro in Latinvolume especially suggestive .in and girls on rural life around America, in E u r 0 p e and in preparing sermons on the Chns- the world is written by an As- Africa (pp. 381-435). This sectian solution of some present- sociate Professor in the Ele- ond section is of special interest, day missionary prqblems. It is mentary Department School of because it deals with European particularly designed for mis- Religious Education, B 0 s ton policies in the Dark Continent, sion study classes. University. oShe has prepared the labor problem, forced labor, the pro g ram s and supple- and slavery which still exists ~n mentary material for the nine stories written by Miss Warner, the twentieth century. There IS the author of "Windows in The Centennial of the Western For- Alaska" and other volumes. a bibliography of all work.s re- eign Missionary Society, 1831-1931. lating to the Negro publIshed Edited by James A. Kelso. 234 pp. Leaders of children's work in during the past five years, and Published under the auspices of the the Sunday School or in missi~m­ ary circles, not to mentIOn a d ire c tor y of newspapers, Committee of Pittsburgh Presby- age n c i e s, and org!lni~atio~s. tery. 1931. mothers, will find that these This invaluable matenalls avaIl- This memorial volume con- tales will .open the eyes of boys able in no other place. sists of three parts-first a brief and girls, to their debt, not only S.M.Z.

history of the Western Foreign to the American farmers, but to Mis s ion a r y Society by the the farmers all around the God, the Eternal Torment of Man. By Reverend Thomas C. Pears, Jr., world. Children very much alive Marc Boegner. 165 pp. $2.00. second, a biography and an ap- are happily depicted but we are Harpers. New York. 1931.

preciation of Sadhu Sundar disappointed that the last story The word "torment" is rather Singh, the apostle of the East does not gather up the threads startling in such connection.

and West, who was brought to of the earlier chapters and come The author took it from Marcel Christ through the influence of to a more definite climax. Arland's sentence: "All ques- Presbyterian mission schools in J. C. C. tions revert to a unique problem,

that of God; God, the dreadful burgh Medical Mission Training ism and rural education. This torment of men, whether they School. During his studies in worthwhile study of the situastrain to create him or destroy Scotland Alexander came into tion and the need in Korea is him." vital contact with such spiritual prepared by a Korean woman, giants as Moody, Drummond, dean of a woman's college, who The contents of the book show Balfour, Lightfoot, Boyd Car- presents the problem, considers that the author uses the term penter, Ion Keith Falconer and the forces and methods already "torment" to indicate the striv- Robert Laws of Livingstonia. at work in Korea and other ing after God that was voiced He went to Aden and then to lands, and suggests some ways in Job's cry: "Oh, that I knew Lovedale, South Africa, where in which the Korean problem where I might find Him!" and he found a wife, and then to may be met. Missionaries in by the Psalmist's: "My soul Cairo, before he reached Hebron, other lands than Korea will also thirsteth for Thee, my flesh Southern Palestine, in 1892. find it worthy of study. longeth for Thee in a dry and thirsty land where no water is." Dr. Paterson's thirty years in The Progress of World-Wide Missions. Even after the soul has found the mountains of Judah were By Robert H. Glover, M. D. Ninth God, there are fears that one years of fruitful service, full of edition. 8 vo. 418 pp. $2.50. does not understand and serve interesting experiences and Richard R. Smith. New York. 1931. Him aright, and the tragedies some thrilling adventures proof life are ever raising the vided by war, massacre, robbery This book, which has already troubled que s t ion: Why? and various plots. The life story proved its usefulness, now ap- "Everywhere about us today," is full of information, of interest pears (with six maps) in a resays the author, "we are detect- and inspiration. It is marred by vised and enlarged edition. It is ing the echo of a deepseated un- a perpetuation of one or two trustworthy, readable and ineasiness which is troubling grievances and a desire to de- forming. It covers the world men's souls, and we assent to the fend Dr. Paterson against criti- and is the best recent history of utterance of a contemporary cisms which might better have world-wide missions. To read it thinker: 'More than ever God is been allowed to die. carefully is a liberal education occupying the first place in the in the principles, forces, aims thinking of our youth!' " Marches of the North. By E. Alex- and progress of Christian mis- ander Powell. 8 vo. 311 pp. $4. sions. Dr. Boegner, who is pastor of The Century Co. 1931. the Reformed Church at Passy, The World Dominion. Edited quar- France, and President of the Canada is largely an unknown terly by Dr. Thomas Cochrane, Pro t est ant Federation of country to those outside of the 48. 6d. a year. World Dominion France, discusses the whole sub- Dominion. It is worth knowing; Press. London and New York. 1932. ject thoughtfully, helpfully, and its variety, beauty and producwith documentary references tiveness give the vast sketches Dr. Cochrane, who was for that show a wide range of read- of country and mixed inhabi- some years an L. M. 'S. medical ing. He is in full sympathy with tants an interest to travelers, missionary in China, is rendermodern thought, but he is con- merchants, hunters, agricultur- ing a real service through the vinced that life without God, the ists and missionaries. As an publication of his independent God of whom Jesus Christ was American newspaper correspon- missionary quarterly. This magthe most adequate revelation, is dent and a wide traveler, Mr. azine, and the brochures on varifruitless and yain. The reader Powell shows that he is a keen ous fields, published from time may not agree with every state- observer and a fascinating re- to time, emphasize especially the ment, but he will feel that the porter-as will be recognized by need for reaching speedily the author is earnestly striving to those who have read his "Last unevangelized multitudes in nonset forth truths which for him Home of Mystery"; "Thunder Christian lands, the prime imare not debatable since they are Over E u r 0 p e" and other portance of using Apostolic a part of that revelation which volumes. Here is an exception- methods of proclaiming the God is ever making of Himself. ally readable description of the New Testament Gospel, calling different provinces of Canada- in question the value of large in- A. J. B. its seacoast, rivers, fisheries and stitutions and secular education gold mines. in mission work, and showing Paterson of Hebron. By W. Ewing, the need for faith, courage and M.D. 8 vo. 256 pp. 88., 6d. Clarke Rural Education for the Regeneration dependence on the Spirit of God. & Co. London. 1931. of Korea. By Helen Kittenk Kim, Ph.D. Pamphlet, Ewa College, Seoul, The January issue of World The "Hakim" or medical mis- and Methodist Episcopal Board, New Dominion contains valuable arsionary lived and worked in the York. 1931. ticles on Persia and the Latin mountains of Judah for thirty World, Arctic Canada, A Chalyears. He was the son of David We are just beginning to real- lenge to Youth, and the Solomon Paterson, a Scotch missionary in ize the importance of giving Islands. The magazine is full of Madras, India, where Alexander more attention to rural evangel- interest and stimulates to faith was born in July, 1867. Later and action. the father became for two years superintendent of the Edin-

Books service in 1882. For many years he Announcing a New

was connected with the Vincent Miller Liberating the Lay Forces of Christi. Academy at Soochow. Thoroughly Revised Edition of anity. John R. Mott. 175 pp. $2.00. Macmillan, New York. 1932. *** The Progress of The Foreign Missionary. Arthur Jud- Mrs. S. C. Peoples, for forty years World -Wide Missions son Brown. 412 pp. (13th edition, a Presbyterian missionary in Siam, revised.) $2. Revell, New York. died at Berkeley, California, on J an- By Ih. 1932. uary 12. Rev. Robert Hall Glover. M. D•• F.R.G.S. The Mahadi of Allah – The Story of *** the Dervish Mohammed Ahmed. Home Dlreclor. China Inland Million Richard A. Bermann. 317 pp. $2.50. The Rev. Walter Oettli, D. Theol., Macmillan, New York. 1932. inspector of the Basel Mission since A comprehendYe hislory and .elerence book 1909, died recently of pneumonia at Ihal .hould be in Ihe library 01 eygry one Religion of Old Korea. Charles Alden Berne, Switzerland. He attended the Inleresled in mission.. A slandard and a Clark. 295 pp. $2.50. Revell, New International Missionary meetings at classic written by a r••1missionary slale.man. York. 1931. Crans in 1920 and at Lake Mohonk in 1921, and the first meeting of the "For yeors there has been a growing demand Story of Alaska. C. L. Andrews. $3.50. International Missionary Council at for such. missionorv text-book as this. It I. on Lowman & Hanford, Seattle. 1931. Oxford in 1923. Indispensable work for .il desiring concise In- formc!ltion on every phdse of m;ssion4rv en- The Secret Veld. Francis Carey Sla- *** deavor. It rinRs true to the Gospel Message."' ter. 312 pp. 7s., 6d. Grayson, Mayfair, London. 1932. Dr. Fennell P. Turner, for twenty- -SUNDAY SCHOOL TIMES two years (1897 to 1919) secretary Christ Down East. R. G. Burnett. of the Student Volunteer Movement With Maps, Full Indices, Bibliography, 160 pp. $1.25. Revell, New York. and later (1919 to 1928) secretary 1931. of the Foreign Missions Conference of Etc., Octavo. 418 Pages, $2.50 • North America, died of a heart at- The Development of the Missionary tack in Santa Cruz, California, on Ray Long & Richard R. Smith, Inc. and Philanthropic Institute Among February 9th. Dr. Turner was born the Mennonites of North America. in Danielsville, Tennessee, February 1l! Ea.1 41s1 Sireel. New York Edmund George Kaufman. 416 pp. 25, 1867, and has rendered a remark- Mennonite Book Concern, Berne, able service to the cause of Christ in Personal Items Ind. 1931. many lands. He was a delegate to the World Missionary Conference in (Continued from 2d Cover) Challenged. Caroline Atwater Mason. Edinburgh in 1910, and to the Jerusa- 100 pp. $1.00. Revell, New York. lem Conference in 1928. He had re- Christian Council, the missions and 1932. cently returned from a tour in Asia churches there in regard to the con- as a member of the Laymen's Inquiry tribution which Christian education The Goodly Fellowship. P. L. Garlick. Commission. may make to the welfare of the peo- 145 pp. 2s. Church Missionary ple in Nigeria, the steps necessary to Society, London. 1932. *** make this contribution as effective as possible, an!! the relation of a pro- "Follow Thou Me." George W. Tru- The Rev. Thomas C. Horton, one of gram of Christian education to the ett. 241 pp. $2. Ray Long and the founders and the first superin- plans, intentions and policy of the R. R. Smith, New York. 1932. tendent of the Los Angeles Bible In- government. stitute, California, died at his horne Bible Verses to Memorize. Selected near Los Angeles on February 27th. *** by Helen Miller Gould Shepard. 96 He was for some years an associate – pp. 50 cents. American Tract So- of the late Dr. Arthur T. Pierson in Dr. Wellington Koo has been ap- ciety, New York. 1931. Bethany Church, Philadelphia. Later pointed by the Chinese Government as he conducted a Bible school in St. Minister of Foreign Affairs. Dr. Koo Seventy Other Best Bible Stories. Paul, Minnes.ota, and in Dallas, Texas, carne to America as a boy, took a George Goodman. 278 pp. 3s., 4d. and was instrumental in leading Mr. course at Cook Academy, and was Pickering & Inglis, London. 1932. Lyman Stuart to found the Los An- graduated from Columbia University. geles Institute twenty-four years ago. He has been Premier of China and A Prayer Book for Boys. Compiled He was the founder and president of Minister both to Washington and to by Margaret Cropper. 64 pp. $1. the Fishermen's Club, a men's organi- London. He represented the Chinese Macmillan, New York. 1932. zation for personal evangelism. Government at the Peace Conference in Paris in 1919 and at the Washing- Highways to International Goodwill. *** ton Conference in 1921. While at Walter W. Van Kirk. 190 pp. $1. Cook Academy, Wellington Koo took Abingdon Press, New York. 1932. Bishop Francis Wesley Warne, D.D., an open stand for Christ, but it is not a retired bishop of the Methodist known whether he is now identified Annual Report – American Board of Episcopal Church, who gave forty-one with the Christian Church in China. Commissioners for Foreign Mis· years of service as a missi.onary in sions. 1931. 172 pp. Published by India, died on February 29th in *** the Board. Boston. 1932. Brooklyn, New York, where he has been residing since his retirement in Fred W. Ramsey, Cleveland busi- The Conquest of Gloom. James L. 1928. Bishop Warne was born in ness man who succeeded John R. Mott Gray. 158 pp. 3s., 6d. Marshall, Erin, Ontario, Canada, on December as general secretary of the National Morgan & Scott, Ltd., London. 1931. 30, 1854, received his education in Council of the Y. M. C. A. in 1928, has Albert College, Canada, and in Gar- resigned. The responsibilities of the Obituary Notes rett Biblical Institute, Evanston, Illi- secretaryship will be carried by a nois. Under the Methodist Church of commission composed of five secreta- The Rev. John Newton Hayes, D.D., Canada, he served as a missionary in ries. retired missionary of the Presbyterian Manitoba and in December, 1887, was Church, U. S. A., died on February appointed a missionary of the Meth- *** 10th in Shanghai, China. Dr. Hayes odist Episcopal Church to India, was born in Big Hollow, N. Y., in where he did evangelistic and educa- G. B. Halstead, social director at 1850 and was appointed to missionary tional work among the low-caste peo- Lucknow Christian College, India, ple. In 1900 he was elected a mis- has resigned under pressure of the sionary bishop to India, and in 1920 British-Indian Government because of a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal his alleged outspoken sympathy with Church. Mahatma Gandhi and the activities of the Nationalist Congress. The stu- dents of the college declared a "har- tal," Dr period of mourning, to express their sympathy with Mr. Halstead.

THE MOSLEM

FOR APRIL SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor PERSIA AND SHIAH ISLAM hold a prominent place in the April Number. Dr. Zwemer writes editorially on the Shiah Saints. "Some Bektashi Poets" are introduced by the Reverend J. Kingsley Birge, of Istanbul. The Reverend F. M. Stead of Persia describes the Ali nahi Sect. The evangelicdl fervor of the New Persian Church is revealed by the Reverend William N. Wysh"m. "New Forces in Old Morocco" are discussed by Jdmes Hdlddne, of the Southern Morocco Mission.- Professor Amry Vdndenbosch presents a careful study on "Christianity and Government in the Netherlands Indie…. The important Pdper by Professor Duncan B. Mdcdonald on the medning of Ruh (Spirit) in Islamic Thought, begun in the January issue, is completed in this number. A young Orientalist, Joshua Finkel, writes on "Old Israelitish Trlldition in the Korlln." "'s Islam a Christian Heresy?" is the question discussed by Professor Frank H. Foster of Oberlin.

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The Missionary Review of the World — October 1930

'l' OP-MANUAL TRAINING CLASS AT THE JHANSI BOYS'

COMING EVENTS order, went to China as a missionary in September 16-17-COMMITTEE OF REF- 1897, and became identified with Nanking ERENCE AND COUNSEL, Foreign Mis- sions Conference of N. A., New University in its early days as teacher York, N. Y. (1897-1903) and acting president (1903- 1904). It was largely through his wise September 29-0ctober I-INTERDENOMI- NATIONAL MISSIONARY INSTITUTE, and tactful leadership that other denomi- conducted by the Philadelphia Fed- nations were brought into the cooperation eration of Churches and the Wom- en's Interdenominational Union of which resulted in the founding of the Philadelphia and Vicinity, Philadel- phia, Pa. union University of Nanking, of which September 30 – October' 1 – EXECUTIVE he was the first president, continuing COMMITTEE, Council of Women for Home Missions, New York, N. Y. until the general change of educational policy made it desirable to place the in- October 7-15-UNITED LUTHERAN CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. stitution under a Chinese executive.

October 9-GENERAL CONFERENCE, EVAN- ** GELICAL CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. THE REV. DR. JOHN W. CHAPMAN, mis- October 14-19-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- TION, DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wash- sionary, explorer and scientist, who has ington, D. C. served the Protestant Episcopal Church October 19-23-WORLD CONVENTION, DIS- in Anvik, Alaska, for forty-three years, CIPLES OF CHRIST, Washington, D. C. has retired from the Alaskan field. He November 10-18-WORLD ALLIANCE FOR is 72 years old. Dr. Chapman will be INTERNATIONAL F R lEN D S HIP THROUGH THE CHURCHES, Washing- placed on the honor roll of the Church. ton, D. C. He will be succeeded in Alaska by his November 30-December 5-NORTH AMER- son, who has long been associated with ICAN HOME MISSIONS CONGRESS, his father in the latter's missionary work. Washington, D. C. *** January 19-22, 1931-CONFERENCE ON THE CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR, At the recent Synod of the Northern Washington, D. C. Province of the Moravian Church in January 20 – 21, 1931- COUNCIL OF America, held in Bethlehem, Pa., June 12 CHURCH BOARDS OF EDUCATION, In- dianapolis, Ind. to 20, 1930, DR. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ,'

PERSONALS for almost 32 years Secretary of Mora- vian Missions, declined re-election to the Two GREAT FRIENDS OF CHINA RETIRE Governing or Executive Board of the FRANK D. GAMEWELL, PH.D. Church, which carried with it his resig- DR. A. J. BOWEN nation as Secretary of Missions. The functions of this office are combined with DR. FRANK D. GAMEWELL and DR. A. J. BOWEN, two veteran missionaries who the presidency of the Moravian Society have rendered notable service to China, for Propagating the Gospel. The new have been granted retirement by the Methodist Board of Foreign Missions. president is Dr. S. H. Gapp. Dr. de Schweinitz has long been a Going to China in 1881 Dr. Gamewell taught in Peking, was a pioneer superin- trusted and loved missionary leader. It tendent in West China, professor of science in Peking University, (1889- was he who, in 1904, proposed the crea- 1900), and general secretary of China tion of a permanent Committee repre- Educational Association. As an engineer senting the mission boards and sociehe directed the fortification of the legation's compound at Peking during the ties of the United States and Camida, Boxer siege, in the summer of 1900, and and he became one of the organizers and was decorated for his service by the British government. On his last visit to original members of the Committee of China ten of his former students, in- Reference and Counsel of the Foreign a cluding the Rev. Wang Chih Ping (now Missions Conference offorN1o8rtyheaArsm, efrricoa~ serving as a member Bishop Wang), presented him with shield of silver on a carved wood sup- 1907 to 1930, with the omission of only port, inscribed to "Father Gamewell." the years demanded by constitutional re- DR. A. J. BOWEN, whose health has quirements. been impaired by his labors and by anxiety over the conditions under which he He was the Recording Secret:u-y of has worked in recent years of civil dis- the Committee in 1919-1920, ana the Chairman in 1920-1922. He was a'mem- ber of the American Section of the Executive Committee of the World Mis- sionary Conference at Edinburgh in 1908-1910, Chairman of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America in 1917-1918, and a member of the In- ternational Missionary Council 1920- 1928. He has consented to continue to serve as Treasurer of Moravian Mis- sions with his office at 67 West Church Street, Bethlehem, Pa.

*** DR. WARREN H. WILSON, of the Pres- byterian Board of National Missions, has been granted a year's leave of ab- (Concluded on page 799.) The Presbgterian Magazine 1 For Every PParesstobryten.an -The Church(s Official Publication-in a sparkling, up~ to~date manner offers the busy Presbyterian pastor and church~member inspiration and information fearlessly discussing the practical problems and freely narrating the thrilling triumphs of the advance of the Kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ through the agency of the Presbyterian Church.

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GO~'S GRACIOUS GUARANTEES, by A. Z. Conrad, pastor of Park Street Church, Boston, Mass.

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ARTHua J. BROWN. Editor 1M 1930 LET YOUR GIFT to Foreign Missions CONTENTS-October, 1930 PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME FRONTISPIECE-SCENES IN INDIA INDIA'S CALL '1'0 PRAyER………. 725 You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- 'l'I1E s'rORY OF AN INDIAN CHURCH sions and have a needed income for yourself and others from the moneY' you give by the …………….•• W. B. ANDERSON 726 MISSION EDUCATION IN INDIA ••••• Annuity Gift Plan · .•………… ARTHUR T. MAYHEW 732 This plan reHeves you of uncertainty and VILLAGE CHURCH CRISIS IN INDIA worry caused by changing values of invested funds snd assures you a fixed income of · …………….•• C. H. LOIDHLIN 736 BELOVED O~' SIVA …..•..••…..•• 4i% to 9% per year • •••••••••••.. ERDMANN D. BEYNON 738 for the rest of your life CAN POVERTY·STRICKEN C H R I S – A reserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees TIANS DEVELOP SELF-SUPPORT- the prompt payment of annuities to you. ING CHURCHES? ………….. . Protect yourself against loss through • ••••…•.•.••.•. GEORGE H. rrRULL 740 unwise investments and at the same time help send the gospel to all the world. WORLD-WIDE LUTHERANISM ……• 744 WHAT'S GOING ON IN SUB·CON· For full biformatlon wrt'te Erne. F. Hall, Secretary, Dept. 01 Annuiti•• SCIOUS INDIA? . )lJMIL W. MENZEL 745 SIR .TOHN SIMON REPORTS ON INDIA BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. ••••.•••.•….• ,CHARLES JOHNSTON 747 SOME BOOKS ON INDIA ………..• 750 166 Fifth Avenue, New York VARIETIES OF TRAVEL EXPERI· World Friendship Courses ENCE . . . . . . . . DEl~AVAN L. PIERSON 753 A NEW MISSION STUDY TECHNIQUE For week daq sc.hools or regular Sundaq classes • ••••••••••••• CLARENCE V. HOWELL 758 PERSONAL WORK IN A NEW ENG- These are all project courses giving stories lesson plans, worship programs, LAND FACTORY TOWN……… 762 dramatizations. play and handwork for TOPICS OF THE TIMES …•…•••.•• 763 extended sessions. Price each, Boards $1.00; paper 75 cents, SHOULD MISSIONARIES LEAVE ON THE ADVICE OF CONSULS?

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LIII, No. 10 October

INDIA'S CALL TO PRAYER The National Christian Council of India has published an outline of Intercession as follows: Let us seek for a Missionary Spirit-that the Church may see the whole world's need of Christ and may be ready for any sacrifice in order to make Him known to all mankind.

Let us give thanks for the Church in India, remembering that it is part of the Church Catholic which is the body of Christ.

Let us thank God for the manifestation of the desire for unity in the Church in India, and for the scl1eme of Union proposed in South India.

Let us seek a Spirit of Prayer-that Christian people may learn to pray as Christ prayed and taught the disciples to pray; and that an ever-increasing number of interceders may be raised up, until the whole Church is awakened to prayer.

Let us seek a Spirit of Sacrifice and of Unity-that the Church may be willing, at whatever cost, to follow and bear witness to the way of Christ as she learns it; that the whole Church of Christ may desire and experience a new unity in Christ.

Let us seek for the Gift of Interpretation-that the Church may learn to preach the Gospel by word and life in terms that the men and women of this age will understand.

Let us seek for courageous witness in Moral Questions-that the witness of the Church in moral questions of our day may truly reflect the mind of God and may be known and felt throughout the world.

MEDICAL WORK Let us thank God for those Christian men and women who give their lives in the service of the sick and the suffering.

Let us thank God for the increased efforts, put forth by the State and by public bodies, for the prevention of disease.

Let us seek for a Spirit of Service-that a great number of men and women may offer themselves unreservedly to do Christ's work, at home and abroad in our generation.

Let us seek for the completion of our own conversion, praying for the removal of all hindrances in our own lives to the manifestation of God's redeeming love and power.

-From The Review of the Churches.

725

STORY OF AN INDIAN

BY THE REV. W. B. ANDERSON, D.D.

Secretary oj the Board of Foreign Mission8 of the United Presbyterian Church I N THE Punjab, North India, in the outcastes, and one Moslem. 1857, a church was begun with Thus from the very beginning, the four Indian converts; in 1928, question of caste was settled for its communicants numbered 43,- this church, and this first ingather- 895. The pioneers in this field had ing was an earnest of the harvests certain settled convictions regard- that were to foIlow from among all ing their missionary task. They castes and classes.

believed in the democratic rights Ordained Indians were at the of the individual in society, the first received into the mission or- Presbyterian form of church gov- ganization. Indians continued in ernment, the necessity of the re- membership until 1873, when, at generation of the individual to en- the suggestion of the Board in ter the Kingdom of God; that all America, they were excluded from missionary effort must terminate the Mission with a view to fosterupon the development of a church; ing the independence of the Indian that the church must be independ- Church. From the beginning there ent and self-supporting, that the was no question of the membership missionary must be ecclesiastically of the American ministers in the subordinate to the church in the church courts, nor was there any field; and that education must be question of the organic relations of fostered as a necessary result of the new Church in India to the Christianity but never regarded as mother Church in America. This its cause. With remarkable te- was in fuII accord with the spirit nacity, the successors of these men of those times and with the tradi- have adhered to these principles, tions of the Church. The mission- with the results apparent today. aries gave all privileges to their Growth by Decades Indian brothers, and took all priv- ileges to themselves. The result The following figures show the has been that as rapidly as Indians development of this Church in the have developed they have taken a number of communicants and their place of equality with missionaries contributions: in church courts, and with a true generosity they have ever accorded 1858 1878 1908 1918 1928 to the missionaries the relationship Communieants 4 211 14,202 32,557 43,895 of true brotherhood within those ~ontri~~~l':….,: . ~~244 $3,012 $5,910 $18,622 courts. The contributions noted contain At the present time, there is one only congregational funds, and not any fees in schools or hospitals. In Synod, composed of six presbyevaluating these contributions, it teries with ninety-seven congregamust be remembered that the aver- tions and ninety unorganized age laborer's wage is about twenty mission stations. Necessarily with times greater in America than in the great ingatherings from among India. a people so universally illiterate as First Fruits The first converts, in 1857, were the Chuhras are, the task of organ- a high caste Hindu, two men from izing has been a difficult one. It is '726 only through the exercise of skill grievance against the acting pasand patience that Presbyterianism tor. He informed the elder that he has been made to fit the situation. would be debarred from the com- Notwithstanding the difficulties munion unless he repented and where organization and methods paid up. When I raised the queshave been adapted to village condi- tion of his competence to debar an tions, remarkable progress has elder from the communion, he very been made. patiently explained to me that these Presbyterian forms were not An Adaptation of Presbyterian made for a village congregation Discipline with illiterate village elders, and that for the sake of the puritY of As an example of adaptation, the Church we must not permit the following might be cited. Our A NEWLY ORDAINED ELEVEN. MUCH DEPENDS ON THE VILLAGE SESSION head evangelist in the district was mere forms to interfere with esa wise and experienced minister sential righteousness. who was thoroughly respected by the Christian community. We had The next day the elder came to arrived at a village where a com- the service and sulked in the back munion service was to be con- of the audience, debarred from tHe ducted by the evangelist. In the preparatory meeting on Saturday ordinance of which he was by orevening, he found an elder whose dination one of the dispensers. payments toward the salary had Early Monday morning, as we been discontinued because of a were preparing to move our camp, the elder and his pastor came to the door of the tent, hand in hand,

with smiling faces. The elder ex- reduced almost to the intelligence plained that the night before he and feeling of animals. Scores of had not been able to sleep for instances might be recited to illusshame, that he had risen and gone trate the reality of their religious to his pastor, confessed his folly, change. paid all his arrears, and that now he wished to be restored to good Living Faith standing in the church and his office. We had a wonderful little One wet winter afternoon, the prayer meeting in the tent. Then head evangelist and I sat for sevthe head evangelist restored the eral hours in a village hut crowded elder to good and regular standing with people sitting among the cows in the congregation of which he and buffaloes that were being shelwas an ordained elder. tered from the pouring rain out- side. There were no Christians in Of course as the church develops this village, but many candidates in experience and intelligence, for baptism had been prepared by measures such as this are more an enthusiastic evangelist and rare and less necessary, and per- were being examined for admission haps any system must be flexible to the church. The next day over enough to permit its adaptation to forty persons were baptized and a unusual conditions. group was started on the way to become a congregation. In the The "Mass Movement" two years following, they had had no resident pastor or teacher, but In order to appreciate what has had built a little shelter of a been accomplished in the growth thatched roof laid upon forked of this Church, one must know sticks and without walls. This something of the social conditions they called their church, and here in India, and particularly the so- they gathered for daily worship. cial degradation of the aboriginal Through all those months they had people. This social degradation endured persecution from thfl has no parallel in human society. farmers whose serfs they were. It is from among these people, who in the Punjab are called Chuhras, One afternoon there appeared that the great majority of the com- suddenly at my door three or four municants of this Church have men who were evidently much agibeen gathered. tated. The night before a Hindu girl had been murdered in this vil- Too hasty conclusions, however, lage and her jewelry stolen. The must not be formed with reference police accused a Christian boy of to the acceptance of Christianity the murder, and subjected his wife by the Chuhras. It never has been to most distressing torture under an easy thing for them to leave which she had confessed the guilt their age-long social customs, their of her husband, and now the boy mud altars, and often their friends was in jail. Would I intercede for and families, to become Christians. him? No, I would not interfere in Thousands have endured persecu- a criminal case in the court but tion and few have secured material would go to the village 'he next help after baptism. The movement day. has been essentially the result of the Gospel reaching the hearts of On arriving there, the young men, although its touch has often wife rushed screaming, to throw been light upon minds and hearts herself on the ground, catch me

THE STORY OF AN INDIAN CHURCH

around the feet, and implore me to Self-Supporting Congregations free her husband and save her soul In the beginning of the Mission, as she had perjured herself under there was great concern that protorture. I remained in the village vision be made for the support of for hours, and was almost sure of the church by the Indian people. the innocence of the young man, Repeated references to the subject but was firm in declining to offer are found in the records of the any interference at the court in a Board and of the Mission. It is a criminal case. I explained to the question as to how much progress people that if the young man was would have been made, however, innocent, God could deliver him in if it had not been for the great answer to their prayers. They spiritual quickening that came to arranged to meet every night for certain of the Indian men. In the prayer for his deliverance. revival of 1896, following the visit of General Booth of the Salvation The young man was speedily Army to India, one of the pastors was greatly stirred and took a vow tried by an English judge and was A VILLAGE CHURCH sentenced to be hanged. All during his stay in prison he had in- that he would from that time forth sisted upon his innocence, and had take his support only from the In- dian Church. He was joined by shown a wonderful faith in the three of the seminary students in power of Christ to free him from this purpose, and through the years these have been joined by a any sentence. The day after that devoted band of fellow pastors. There are now sixty-eight selfset for his execution we were re- supporting congregations in the turning home from a distant point Church. through his village. I had been The Church in America might dreading the meeting with his well sit at the feet of this, her people. When we arrived there, Punjabi child, and learn lessons in stewardship. Poor with a poverty although it was mid-afternoon, the of which we can have no conceppeople were gathered in the little tion, they have given to the makshack which they called the church, ing of many rich. In many a and we heard their singing before village home, where the family we entered the village. When they practically lives on a ration, with saw us, they came rushing from so many fistfuls of meal being dealt the church with the news that the boy had been pardoned and sent home.

We called the boy and questioned him. All he knew was that on the morning on which he was to have been hanged the judge called for him and told him that he was free, giving him railway fare to return to his village. He said, "We all knew that Christ would deliver me just the way you had taught us." I was ashamed that I had taught them that Christ would deliver him and then had not believed that He would.

out for each member of the house- cated ministry in the midst of such hold before the baking, the house- crying need for pastors of churches wife puts into "God's jar" every composed of illiterate village peo- tenth fistful of meal. Such is a ple. At first none having less than fellowship that must enrich the a grammar school education were giver. admitted to the seminary; then While missionaries and pastors the standard was raised to admit are ever being made heartsick by only those having a high school the ignorance, superstition and training; now none are admitted degradation of the mass of the of lower qualifications than uni- Christian people, within that versity intermediate (junior col- Church there have repeatedly been lege) training. In 1915, the first such spiritual impulses as to keep man having a university degree hope and faith bright and strong. was graduated from the seminary In 1858, the missionaries reported and ordained. There are now sevwith joy the reflections they saw in eral such in training. The sem- India of the great revival of that inary has always been controlled year in America. These were es- by the Synod, which owns the en- tire plant used for its work. pecially marked among soldiers Money for land and buildings was and civilians' of the European pop- contributed from America. The ulation. In 1896, there came salaries of the missionary profesmarked times of refreshing to many schools, stations, and congre- sors are paid by the American gations. In 1904, there began the Church, but those of the two In- Sialkot Convention with its tides dian professors by the Church in of blessing reaching far beyond the India.

borders of the Punjab. Granted Space does not permit a discus- all the faith, courage and devotion sion of the interest of the Church of missionaries and pastors, with- in education in general. The cur- out these spiritual quickenings the riculum for the training of Chris- Church would have fallen far short tian youth ranges all the way from of her present accomplishments. the 150 Mission village schools For nothing else do pastors and through the university.

missionaries pray so earnestly as Evangelism and Missionary Spirit that this deep spiritual tide may be ever rising and filling the The proof of the vitality of a Church with divine power. church must be its evangelistic Christian Education and missionary efforts. Through all the years the spirit of evangel- From its begining, the Mission ism has been cultivated and the di- developed an educational work. rect and simple preaching of the Almost the first undertaking was Gospel has never been forsaken by theological training of two Chris- missionaries or pastors. In every tian workers in "didactic theology, station every year is held a summer the original languages of the Scrip- school, lasting generally for two or tures, Biblical criticism, and three weeks. Here the pastors, Church history." In 1871, there evangelists, and Christian teach- was established a theological sem- ers are gathered for Bible study inary which has had a difficult task and devotional meetings. Great to keep up the standard of an edu- stress is laid upon the obligation of

the Christian to witness to his since, that work has been mainfaith. tained with the support secured and the administration cared for Every winter there is a simul- by this Board of Home Missions. taneous campaign of evangelism. At this time a week or ten days is In 1916, the Mission gave over given by each congregation to the to the Synod, at its request, part preaching of the Gospel among the of a district adjacent to the field non-Christians and the selling of occupied by the Church, and in New Testament portions. Even 1927, the Synod assumed the supthe most ignorant members are port and administration of a whole trained to go out and sell these district. Negotiations are now Scripture portions and witness to under way between the Mission the power that they contain. There and the Synod for the latter to ashave been some remarkable results. sume the administration of all evangelistic work being done by If ever a Church could make a the Mission, together with the budlegitimate excuse for not helping get being received from America others because it had enough to do for that work. to help itself, this would be that Church. In 1908, as the result of Eoth missionaries and pastors revival, the Synod established a would be quick to admit, and would Board of Home Missions composed even insist, that this Church is entirely of Indian men. This ignorant and defective and is Board selected the most difficult scarcely more than embryonic in field it could find within the con- its development. Yet it proves fines of the Mission, sending its that the Gospel of Christ is indeed men out into a new territory the power of God unto salvation, among bigoted Moslems on the and is an earnest of what that Gosfrontier. For the twenty years pel will yet do for India.

CHRIST THE SIGNIFICANT FORCE IN INDIA Whether we look at India from the political, the social, the economic, the educational, the religious, or industrial point of view, the one force which is of the greatest significance is the Living Christ. He is th6' greatest dynamic and creative force in India to-day. I say this with great care and earnestness, for I realize how foolish it will sound to many, and how visionary to others. But when one reads history, when one studies the trends for the betterment of life-personal, social and national, and most of all when one walks in daily fellowship with Him, then it is that such a realization grows to conviction, but a conviction which bears the stamp of utter reality and fact. He is actually lifting men. He is changing men's lives. He is drawing men unto Himself. He is recreating institutions and customs, and He is creating in men a new life. And when I scan the horizon I see no comparable force.-Paul J. Braised, American Baptist, Telugu Mission, India.

EDUCATION IN

BY ARTHUR T. MAYHEW, C.LE.

Ji'O>rmer Got:ernmcnt Director of Public Instruction in the Central Provinces, India N O ONE could accuse the Some home critics suggest that Christian missionary in In- educational ambition leads mis- d i a of self-complacency. sions to neglect their evangelical The Commission which is to inves- calling; while perhaps as many tigate his educational work in that protest that the evangelist must country will find a congenial at- follow in the tracks of the school- mosphere of genuine humility. It master. We hope that the Com- will not bring to light many defects mission will not try to "reconcile"

or problems hitherto ignored by claims which are really indistin- labourers in the field. But by the guishable from one another. The marshalling of facts and figures education that India needs is evan- which individual missions and peri- gelical education, saturated with odic conferences have had no time the spirit of Christianity. The to assemble, and by a comprehen- Christianity that India needs is sive survey of their significance, it enlightened Christianity that not will be able to indicate which of only appeals to the heart, but en- the many problems are the most lists all the faculties in the devel- vital and to suggest perhaps a opment of the arts and sciences more scientific method of ap- under the guidance of the Holy proaching them. The information Spirit. The Commission's task is that it will give to isolated work- to see how, on the one hand, mis- ers all over India concerning aims, sion education can be made more methods and results in other parts Christian, and how, on the other of the vast field will in itself jus- hand, broad and comprehensive tify its establishment. To some curricula, conceived in a Christian extent its path has been prepared spirit with reference to national by the systematic labors of the All needs, can be more effectively India and Provincial Missionary taught.

Councils. But the inclusion in the About seventy-five years ago, Commission of members with ex- Alexander Duff and John Wilson pert knowledge of educational determined the broad lines on work outside India guarantees a which mission education has since freshness of view that will be wel- advanced and in particular its rela- comed by these Councils in whom tions to the Government system of familiarity with the problems has education. Today, in British In- bred not contempt for the prob- dia, '" missions are responsible for lems so much as diffidence in them- the education of more than 347,000 selves. It will also reassure organ- scholars and spend from their own isers and supporters of mission funds, pupils' fees and Government work in the home countries whose grants, more than £777,000 ($3,- uneasiness regarding Christian education in India is not always • Except where otherwise stated, the statisallayed by mission reports conspic- tiCR and opinions contaiIwd in this article refer uous for their honesty rather than for their optimism. to British India. The writer is aware of the importaJl~e of the work uwlertaken hy missions in the stutes ruled hy the Indian Princes. but has no accurate information regarding its progress and prol)]cms.

732 885,000) thereon. For India as a The Commission may then try to whole, including native states, they ascertain from parents and exeducate 646,000 scholars, spending students whether mission instituon them more than $8,000,000. tions have for them any such dis- These figures indicate the heavy tinctive aim and atmosphere. They responsibility that they have in- are too likely to find that the chief curred. So far, however, as num- purpose which these institutions bers go, mission institutions play are supposed to serve is prepararelatively a less important part to- tion for public examinations. The day than they did in 1854 when they devout lives and personal examples came into the government system. of missionaries and individual Though they are responsible for masters, the disciplinary effect of the 251'0 of the girls in high schools school and hostel, daily prayers and and for 20% of the women who are Bible instruction, will have meant taking a university course, the pro- much for many of them. But unportion in the case of male scholars derlying all this will be a convicis much smaller, amounting in the tion that the schools' operations case of primary schools to only 3%. have been determined by examina- tions in which religion plays no What Duff did not and could not part, by courses of instruction anticipate was the growth, side by framed by authorities pledged to side with government and mission religious neutrality and by examinstitutions, of colleges and schools ination exigencies which have controlled by local authorities de- involved the exclusion from odibarred from all religious opera- nary instruction of every item tions, by private Indian agencies calculated to stimulate religious indifferent to religion, and by managing bodies animated by a interest. A teacher who is to be distinctively Mohammedan or Bud- an effective agent in securing a dhist spirit. He would probably diploma for his pupils cannot conbe the first to admit that the sys- centrate attention on aspects of a subject which examiners are comtem of education of which mission pelled to ignore. The Government institutions now form a part could Inspection Report must make no not be described as a whole, by the reference to religious instruction, most optimistic observer, as a which is discreetly kept out of the way on inspection days and so be- Christian system. comes in the eyes of parents and One of the most interesting and pupils a by-product.

significant educational institutions The Commission may then proin India today is that supported ceed to investigate the aims and and inspired by the Bengali poet, methods of the Hindu University Rabindranath Tagore. It will be at Benares and the Mohammedan worth while for the Commission to University at Aligarh. Among inquire why Tagore, one of the fin- much that may be open to critiest educational minds in India, cism, they will find proof in these keeps "Shantiniketan" (abode of universities of a conviction that Hindu and Mohammedan culture peace) outside the system of edu- and religion demand for their decation organised and controlled by velopment and expression instituthe Government. One of his rea- tions and systems of public examsons is certainly that inclusion in ination which emphasize, in a such a system would mean the loss of the schools' distinctive aim and individual atmosphere.

manner that impresses the general and economic aspiratians that the public, what is distinctive in their student world derives from the attraditions. And they will ask masphere af nationalism in which themselves whether it is nat prac- it lives, and to emphasize the conticable to. devise for Christian In- tributian that the Western world dia a system af distinctively Chris- expects from India. In particular, tian schools cUlminating in and it must learn that the Christ wham dominated by a Christian univer- they are to find on the Indian Road sity, and whether such a system is to be born again in India. might nat exist side by side with the "neutral" Gavernment system, That the first object of mission while cantinuing, like the Hindu education must be the edification and Mahammedan universities, to of the Christian community will enjoy the recognition and financial probably be accepted by all. Sta- tistically there is no. Indian comassistance of the Gavernment. munity in India, except the Parsee, The Commissian will nate in this which appraaches the Christian achievements in education. And cannectian that missian institu- the Parsees, as a small non-prasetians in British India receive from lytising and materially prosperous public funds slightly more than the cammunity, may be left aut af acsum of nearly £217,000 ($1,085,- count. Of the Indian Christian 000), that their supporters can- male papulatian 19%, and of the female 5% are under instructian, tribute and enjay a fee incame of as campared with seven and eight over £200,000 ($1,000,000). Anx- per cent of the Hindu and seven ious enquiry into. the bearing af and one per cent of the Mohammepolitical questions an the expecta- dan population. The papulatian af tion of support from the Govern- schaalgaing age af India is usually ment and the public will prabably taken at about 1570 of the tatal papulatian. Viewed relatively ar reveal that there has been no with- absalutely, the Christian figures drawal af such suppart during the are amazingly gaad, if the mass ten years that educatian in each movements tawards Christianity pravince has been cantralled by an and the large additian af illiterate Indian Minister responsible to a converts in recent years are barne Provincial Council, and will sug- in mind. Christian male students gest that a large measure of inde- of universities represent 12 in pendence, if wan by India, will not every 10,000 af the tatal male be detrimental to. any system of Christian papulation, against five af mission education, however dis- and two per cent far Hindus and tinctively Christian, pravided that Mohammedans respectively. Feit is also consistent with national male Christian university students aspirations and conducive to the are nearly as numeraus as Hindu cultural development of India. students who. represent a papula- tion nearly 80 times as large, and How this can best be secured will are ten times as numeraus as Mano. daubt farm one impartant sec- hammedan students who. came tian of the Commission's enquiry. fram a papulation 28 times as For a larger measure of Oriental large. studies there seems unfartunately to be no demand. But a mare de- But there are dangers ahead. Of terminated effart must be made to recognise and direct in all higher educatian, the palitical, cultural

MISSION EDUCATION IN INDIA

the Christian population 20% are monly described as "lehvening the still illiterate. With an annual in- lump." It is due to men such as came of abaut 10,000 converts, the Miller of Madras, and to colleges number of those requiring a Chris- like Wilson College, Bombay, that tian primary school is growing the intelligentsia of India has been rapidly. The number af Christian infected and inspired by Christian pupils in primary schaols exceeds influence and that social and re- the total enrollment of mission ligious reform movements, both primary schools; as these contain Hindu and Mohammedan, have ac- many non-Christian pupils there quired a distinctive Christian fla- must be very many Christian pu- vor. What has to be decided is the pils in non-Christian schools. The extent to. which principles, un- fact that missions are bearing 13% doubtedly sound, can wisely be of the burden of university educa- supplied. Soup cannot be watered tian and only three per cent of the progressively withaut losing its primary education af India, sug- efficacy. One suspects a weaken- gests that they may be, like In- ing in the motive power of Chris- dians as a whole, devating tao tianity when one visits mission much of their funds and energy to institutions where 75% or more of higher education and building on the staff and pupils are non-Chris- too narrow a base. If Christian tian, where Christian inspiration India is resolved to. share in the depends an the weekly visit of an education of nan-Christian India, overwarked missionary, and where is not the educatian of the masses local popularity is due either to entitled to mare attention? And comparatively low fees or com- are not the towns getting more paratively goad examination re- than the villages from them? sults.

No Christian community can be The consistent Christian mis- expected to confine its educational sion institution of today is ethically benefits to its professed adherents. far mare influential than the aver- But it must guard against any sur- age Government institution. Few render of Christian interests. We wauld claim the same superiarity are indeed taught to give freely of for the average mission institution our best to others; but we must without searching examination not, for the sake of others, sur- which it is to be hoped the Com- render what is essential to prep- missian will carry out. Mere add- aration for Christian service. ing to the number of Hindu and Christian pravision for the educa- Mohammedan graduates in India tion of non-Christians in India is is not an essential portion of the justifiable an three conditions: Christian Church's task. There is (a) that the needs of the Christian no lack of other work more dis- community have been adequately tinctively Christian in aim by met; (b) that Christian life and which local opinions can be con- teaching are a vital and essential ciliated and contact with non- part of the education provided; Christian society maintained.

and (c) that the atmosphere is not Arrangements for the supply of unfavorably affected by a predom- Christian teachers to meet present inance of non-Christian masters needs and future development and scholars. must be carefully investigated. It Great and honored names are is impossible to get statistical in- associated with the process com- formation regarding the number

Qf Christian teachers in India; the unfit fQr academic studies into. absence of figures suggests the commercial or industrial trainneed fQr a cQmprehensive survey. ing-all these CQncern the missiQn The 18 missiQn training schQQls educatiQnists just as much as Edu- catiQn Departments of India. with 960 students may suffice fQr MQre particularly, the Hartog Rethe 278,000 Christians under in- port emphasizes the grQwing need structiQn, but there are altogether for expert guidance, if education 347,000 scholars for whom the mis- is to be less wasteful and more sions are responsible. effective. To the stock Qf expert opiniQn the coming Commission The CQmmissiQn will study with will make a valuable cQntribution. special interest the recent Report If it does its work properly, its Qf the HartQg Committee, which members will return wiser but not, we hope, sadder, men. What is, has investigated Indian education perhaps, most important, they will fQr the StatutQry CQmmissiQn deal- by their devoted labors give a coning with the Indian cQnstitutiQn. vincing proQf to. India that Chris- The prQblems which this report tian missions are determined to emphasizes-the short school life find enlightened and effective and irregular attendance in pri- means of advancing the moral and mary schQols, the need for a material welfare Qf that CQntinent. broader basIs fQr secQndary education, the development of vocational aptitude, and the diversion Qf thQse VILLAGE CHURCH CRISIS IN INDIA BY REV. C. H. LOEHLlN ]fissfonary of the Prcs1J1fteria.n Church in the U. R. A.

C RISES in the mission fields the Outcaste. FQr nearly a hun- seem perennial; but they dred years, in our Punjab Mission are none the less real and area, God has been chQosing. "the challenging for that. The crisis base things of the world, and the that at present faces the village things that are despised, yea, and church Qf India, is, on the one the things that are nQt," fQr buildhand, encouraging; for it has been ing the village church. For long brQught about largely Qn aCCQunt years the missionary and the Inof aggressive evangelistic work in dian evangelist labored amQng the the villages. On the other hand, Qutcastes alone, without let or hinit presents a cQmpeliing challenge drance. But not so any IQnger. bQth to. the Church in India, and The Hindus and the Mohammealso to the Church in America to. dans are now awake to the potenredouble Qur evangelistic effQrts tial value of this scrapped human nQW, lest we see the peril and gird material. The Hindus are now up our loins when it is too late. appropriating this material to build up their religious and PQliti- What is this crisis? Briefly, in cal community. The Mohammea figUre, it is this. For building dans are doing likewise. The the church, the prime requisite is liberal Hindus, thrQugh their Arya material. In India, the material Somaj SQciety, even send out mishas been that thrown out on the siQnaries to. the depressed classes. waste heap by Hinduism, namely,

VILLAGE CHURCH CRISIS IN INDIA

The material that is immediately and political upheaval not only are available for building up and the Hindus and Mohammedans re- strengthening the village Chris- acting to the dynamic of evangeli-· tian Church is in danger of slip- cal Christianity and to the impact ping beyond our grasp. of Western civilization and cul- Missionaries cannot evangelize ture, striving to increase prestige India. That must be done by the and influence by enrolling the out- Indian Church. We missionaries castes and by directly attacking must work through and with the Christianity, but the outcastes Indian Church. Good strategy themselves are aroused and on the would seem to say, "Evangelize move. They have organizations India's villages by building up the and hold conventions. The Maz- village church as rapidly as pos- habi Sikhs (outcaste hangers-on sible. Tackle the problem of high of the Sikhs) some time ago held caste evangelization through the a convention and issued a printed Christian Church." And yet, after statement in Punjabi to this ef- nearly one hundred years, we have fect : "We are tired of being in our mission area a total Chris- treated like cattle by the Sikhs.

tian community of only 42,000, out We ought to stand upon our own of a total outcaste community of feet. We intend to unite ourselves about 750,000. In other words, we with either the Arya, the Moham- have effectively reached only about medan, or the Christian religion, one-twentieth of the outcaste com- whichever can wipe out caste dis- munity we are responsible for. tinctions and receive us."

Nineteen-twentieths are still out- Is not this a fact full of signifi- side the Christian community. We cance and encouragement? The have not, in many cases, had the village church is weak, yet the re- resources, human and material, to ligion it represents is placed by hold those we have gained, to say these outcastes on a par with nothing of extending our efforts. Hinduism and Mohammedanism, Of this 42,000 baptized com- with all their prestige and wealth.

munity, it should be noted that Our missionary efforts have been only about 5,000 are full communi- inadequate, yet they have been re- cant church members and only spected by friends and foes alike.

about one-eighth have been effec- The outcaste may be depressed and tively taught. It is this infant illiterate but he is no fool. He church that must withstand the knows that his first friends were onslaughts of such organizations the Christians, and that today he as the Arya Samaj of the Hindus, can have real fellowship only from and the Ahmadiya sect of the Mo- the Christians. He wants to stand hammedans, both of which make on his own feet and get some- Christianity the special object of where; but he is puzzled. He their attacks. The Church in would probably like to come our India must meet organized opposi- way, and enter the Christian fold, tion which has wealth, tradition, as many of his friends and rela- and education back of it. Can the tives have already done; but he is Church in America fail to stand flattered by the attention of his back of the Church in India in this masters who once decreed him an time of crisis? outcaste. Will the Church receive . In this time of religious, social, him and see him through?

2 BY THE REV. ERDMANN D. BEYNON PaBtM, Oentenary Magyar Methodist Ohurch, Detroit, Michigan T HOUGH the strait which di- danced in the light of the flame of vides Bali from Java is so the funeral pyre. It was an at- narrow that one can easily tempt to portray the mysteries of look across it on a clear day, a life and death, joy arid pain, the whole world of thought divides the hero tales of the Mahabharata and two islands. Since Islam over- the Ramayana and the craving of threw the Majapahit dynasty in the soul for release from its temple Java four centuries ago, Hinduism of clay. When the dance was has been extinct on the larger is- ended, Szoemba lay exhausted on land; but the worship of Siva the ground beside the smouldering flourishes today on, Bali as per- pyre. Her American admirer haps nowhere even in India. The picked her up, paid her relatives beauty of Bali's scenery, the splen- the 2,000 Netherlands forint-the dor of its temples and the artless price of a bride-and took her to charm of its inhabitants combine live with him in a hut he had built in drawing to this remote island in the dense woods on the moun- travelers from the entire civilized tainside. They were not left unworld. Such a traveler in search of disturbed in their sylvan retreat.

adventure was Arnaldo Cipolla, a It was that very summer of 1926 young Italian who spent some when Batoer began to belch forth months in Bali in the summer of lava upon all the surrounding 1926. For a time he made his countryside. From the devastated headquarters at the pasanggrahan villages the bewildered peasants or resthouse built by the Dutch flocked toward the lake. They Government for the use of travel- pas sed Szoemba's hut. They ers, high up in the mountains at stopped and begged her to appease Kintamani. Near by is the double- the angry god. "Perchance it is coned active volcano of Batoer, one through love of you that Siva is of the mountains of Goenoeng destroying our country. Will you Agoeng, the mass of high moun- give yourself to him to save your tains which fills the eastern end of people?" The American begged her Bali. to flee with him to safety. It was In a neighboring village he saw of no avail. "I must save my peo- fourteen-year-old Szoemba, one of pIe," Szoemba said. Once more the Legong dancing girls at Siva's . she put on the golden crown and temple. Cipolla tells how a young the garment of glittering silk. At- American, who also was staying at tended by the weird music of the the resthouse at that time, became gamelang, she advanced from her madly in love with the beautiful hut directly toward the volcano. Szoemba. It was the occasion of In time the American heard the her last dance, in honor of the cre- gamelang no longer. It had ceased mation of the body of a prince of to play. The natives who escorted one of the native dynasties. With her toward the volcano were hur- a gold crown on her head and a rying back. But Szoemba did not .garment of sparkling silk, she come back. The eruption ceased 738

BELOVED OF SIVA

shortly after. When the lava a r y Society-Utrechtsche Zend- cooled they found her body. The ingsvereeniging-has done work gold crown had melted into her on Bali. After many vicissitudes face. Her body had been burnt to it seems to have gained a stable cinders. The peasants guard her foothold. As long as Bali re- memory, for they believe that her mained "unspoiled," as the Tourist willing sacrifice of herself to Siva Agencies put it, such missionary saved them from his anger. effort was probably equal to the Szoemba's dance· of de a t h situation. Today, however, Bali startled Cipolla and showed him is receiving such publicity as it that he had only partially under- never received before, in America, stood the Balinese character. On England, Italy, France, Germany, the surface the Balinese seem to be Hungary and many other coun- all softness, creatures of sunshine tries. It is being represented as a and dance and song. Yet there veritable garden of Eden, where were few places in all the Nether- the "tired businessman" may go lands East Indies where the Dutch and sate himself with pleasure at had a more desperate struggle to the expense of the innocent, mirth- gain control. .In 1844 the Rajas of ful inhabitants. Pictures of Balin- Boeleleng – the principality of ese maidens with sarongs reaching North Bali, to which belonged up only to their waists and carry- Singaradja, the present capital- ing on their heads offerings of and Karangasem-the principality fruit, flowers and rice to the tem- at the east of the island-asserted ples-such are the advertisements their "shore rights," i. e., the right which some tourist and steamship to loot wrecked ships. From that agencies use to induce adventurers time on the Dutch sent expedition to visit Bali.

after expedition against one after Bali will not long be unspoiled.

another of the nine principalities Can it be won for Christ before of Bali. It was only in 1908 that the adventurers of Western lands Dutch rule became supreme over ruin the very soul of the people?

the entire island, though even now Can that heroism such as Szoemba the regents of Bangli and Gianjar displayed be turned toward the and the Raja of Karangasem still salvation of the Balinese from enjoy some shadow of autonomy moral ruin? The most prominent under Dutch supervision. The feature of the Balinese landscape assertion of "shore rights" and the today is the ever-present poera or long struggle of these petty princi- village temple. If these temples palities against the foreign invader could be transformed from the showed that the Balinese have a worship of Siva to that of Christ, sterner, darker side to their char- Bali might not be so attractive to acter. the adventurer from the West, but The Balinese to-day n u m b e r the Balinese race would be saved roughly one million, and they pre- from its doom, a doom which sent to Christianity one of its big- awaits it in a very few years un- gest challenges in this decade. For less Christian missionaries use this many years the Utrecht Mission- opportunity.

POVERTY-STRICKEN CHRISTIANS DE-

VELOP SELF-SUPPORTING CHURCHES?

BY THE REV. GEORGE H. TRULL " T Secr6tary~ Presbyterian Board of l?Qrciyn Missions, New York HE poverty of China is and his reputation. It will be great, for I was born there necessary to call on the borrower and have seen it. But it is for the interest as he will likely nothing like that of India where I forget the day it is due. He has no now live." This is the substance calendar in his mud hut and one of a statement made to me some day is much like another. It may time ago by one of our missionary take much time to extract an anna women. I have just spent two from a borrower who declares he months in India and am now on has not got it. Harsh words and my way to China via Siam and the blows may be necessary. This Philippines. I expect to see pov- means exertion, particularly in the erty in China in the wake of the hot season when the thermometer armies and the brigands. Neither is 120 degrees in the shade. It is one leaves much behind. Yet the a gambler's chance on the return Chinese are thrifty. I am told that of the principle, this tending of a Chinese village always has three money to the poor Indian villager.

animals-a pig, a chicken and a So the money lender, for self-pro- dUCk. What the pig leaves from tection as well as for reimburse- the family larder, the chicken gets, ment for his effort-and it is real and what the chicken misses in the work-charges a rate of interest pool or canal the duck swallows. that seems to us like getting back I doubt if the average Indian viI- your money on the installment lager has such a well stocked farm plan. At any rate, this system is yard. In fact he is a farm laborer one which results in keeping· the with a wage of about two to four average villager in debt for the cents a day. Finding it difficult to rest of his life, and it gives the support his family on this sum, he money lender plenty of exercise, approaches the money lender. If vocal and pedal, in collecting his the latter is willing to accommo- interest.

date him with a loan at the "low If perchance the villager has a rate" of one anna per month for marriageable daughter, or worse each rupee, the borrower has as- luck more than one such liability, sumed an obligation of paying 12 the cost of the wedding ceremony annas per year on 16 loaned, or will never be less than one year's 750/0. If the money lender has income. It may be more. He visions of more than ordinary diffi- simply cannot "lose face" in his culty in collecting his principle, he community by "bucking" age-old will likely charge from 125 to custom. He accepts the inevitable, 200%. throws prudence to the winds, If this appears to you as usury, feeds everybody with rice and ponder this fact. The intending curry, and sinks deeper into debt.

borrower probably has no other I draw this picture so that you collateral than his earning capacity may see its relation to the problem 740 of developing a self-supporting to help those abroad who help Church by the villagers of India. themselves. Therefore I was in- We need this setting for our prob- terested to learn what the local lem. Otherwise we shall not under- Christians would do. This touched stand it and might reach false the heart of the problem. We sepconclusions because of wrong arated with this challenge. promises. A sympathetic acquaintance with conditions is essential. Since further contact with vil- lage conditions in all of Presby- I must confess that upon my terian Missions in India, I have first contact with India's poverty- concluded that it will not take a stricken Christians, I was dis- century for the Church to reach self-support. Only to a limited exmayed. The situation seemed well tent was I able to see what some nigh hopeless. I reasoned that of the other Mission Boards in perhaps in a hundred years, when India are doing with this question the economic level may be higher of self support. However, I have and the income of the village Chris- seen the report* of a very complete tians greater, they may be able to survey of conditions made over an support the Church. But this is a extensive area, and I have been long time to· wait. Two months heartened by the facts it presents. have slipped by since I sat one I want to share with you some of morning under the open sky at a its information. village edge, conferring with the leading men and the district mis- I am convinced that self-support sionary about their need of a in India and in every other land is church building.. One of them de- a spiritual problem. It is also an clared that more important than economic problem, psychological building the church was the remis- problem, and an educational probsion of the poll tax of eight annas lem, but these latter are suba year (16 cents) on each family. ordinate however to the main one. As I was a foreigner, he seemed to In the last analysis, it comes down think that I had sufficient author- to just this: Has the individual ity with the Government to regu- sufficient spiritual life to do what late the taxes! One needs only to is required? Economic status may get away from home, you see, to affect the amount of the gift, but be lifted to a place of honor, im- it will not determine the quality aginary though it may be. It was of it or effect the practice of givplain that this brother could not be ing. The psychological attitude dealt with on a spiritual level. I of inability to give which so many was glad that others in the group of the villagers of India, and of strenuously opposed his view. America for that matter, have, can They had some spiritual insight. be changed through education, One even suggested that if all the provided the individual is spirit- Christians would pray for ten days ually and not carnally minded. consecutively for the necessary land, one of the land owners of the If the whole matter is put upon community would give it to them. a spiritual plane at the outset, This revealed progress in our in- there is certainty of success. That terview. Through an interpreter this is not merely theoretical and I tried to get across to them the pious reasoning, I shall prove from idea that American Christians like * Self-Support jn Village Chul'ches, A r€'port of a survey, by C. H. Loehlin.

facts presented in Mr. Loehlin's Christian Church take them into report. I heard the statements account?

presented that morning on the edge It is being done in certain quart- of the village summed up in, "We ers. In the district of Dornakal in are too poor to give." I heard it East Central India, the Indian again in places inside and outside Anglican Bishop heartily believes of India. I knew that those who in self-support. A village congre- said it were poor. Some of them gation planned to build a 500 rupee probably poorer than anybody in church. They asked aid from the the United States. But even so, Diocesan Fund. The Bishop told they are not too poor to give some- them he knew a better way than thing. I feel that a mistake has that to get the money. He called been made in too ready acceptance together the women of the congre- by the Church in America and by gation and asked them what could some of the missionaries of the be done. They all thought the psychological attitude "too poor to church was too poor to raise the give." Judged by our American money. "Will all the women who standards of living, it is easy and prepare only one meal a day for natural to accept the statement the family, please come over to that a person who seldom if ever this side," said the Bishop. Not knows the satisfaction of having one arose. It was evident that had enough to eat, and who is im- every family had at least two meals mersed in debt, is too poor to give a day. There was some grain at anything, even to the Lord's work. hand, so the Bishop said: "I want Yet such persons can give work or you to give for the building of your a part of their daily food, rice or church enough grain or flour, each other grain, and occasionally, when day, as will reach up to the middle they have any money they can give joint of your fingers, when you a portion of that. measure out the grain for the fam- In developing giving, we should ily meal. He then measured out ask: What support before conver- before them what would make a sion have the people given to their week's offering of this sort. With former religion? One person told eighty families making contribu- me that converts could not be ex- tions in this manner, the value at pected to give as much to the sup- the end of a year would equal about port of Christianity as to idolatry, 150 rupees. The women saw the because Christianity lifts them to point and agreed to try this better a higher social plane with conse- plan. What was the result? The quent higher cost of family mainte- first year's gifts amounted to more nance. The amount spent in the than 150 rupees. At the end of the support of idolatry, even by the three years, the congregation de- poor, is in the aggregate a huge cided that they would like to have sum annually. The Hindu shop- a church worth double what they keeper, when he opens his shop had originally planned and they each day, puts a pice (0 cent) decided to build it all from their aside for the temple. The income own offerings. Compute what the from land owned by the Hindu members of that church gained in temple goes to the priest. The spiritual values by their own ef- Hindus are accustomed to these in- forts. They secured values that digenous methods of the support of could come to them in no other religion. Why should not the way. Though the church structure

POVERTY-STRICKEN CHRISTIANS

was delayed, every member was in things practical, carpentry and growing in grace and was experi- weaving, so that he can go into a encing the daily joy of giving. village and support himself while Their building is a monument to a conducting religious services and method which can be copied any- teaching the children to read.

where in the foreign field. It is Seven men thus trained are now not patented nor copyrighted. in service. A like number of Mis- Another indigenous method in sion paid workers are thus set free India is the offering at the festival for work elsewhere.

held at harvest time. Pastors have At Ongole, the Baptists are urg- their people assemble. One villager ing self-support by having the In- may bring a chicken, another a dian pastor farm a piece of land goat, another a calf, according to given by the Mission, or work as ability. In the Dornakal Diocese an artisan, say a leather worker.

most of the gifts come from the What the pastors thus earn is sup- daily handsful of grain throughout plemented by the harvest festival the year, the next largest amounts offerings of the Christians. This come from the gifts at the harvest again is an indigenous method. The festivals, and the least amount United Presbyterians in India ex- comes from the subscription lists pect their Indian pastors to be of actual money. These Christians responsible for raising their own are the poorest of the poor; they salaries. It is said that this plan live in straw huts and sleep on the keeps the pastor busy, for the ground. The reason that they give Pun jab i Christian wants his as they do, is because they have money's worth. Unless the pastor been taught to do it from the very is faithful to his duty of teaching, beginning. It was a part of their preaching and visitation, the peo- instruction in the Christian Way ple delay their offerings. In South of Life. They were not considered India the daily gift of grain from "too poor to give." They were the family food supply is generally told that every Christian must give practised by the rural Christians.

according to ability. Consequently Earthenware jars for holding the they have grown up as Christians Lord's par t ion are distributed believing that they should give and among the people and are widely they experience real joy in doing used. The Roman Catholics, who it. The ordinary way of doing would never admit the principle things seems to have been reversed that people are "too poor to give,"

at Dornakal and with excellent re- are said in South India to require sults. Instead of the Mission start- of the fisherfolk the catch on Fri- ing the work and then gradually day for the Church.

withdrawing, the Indian Chris- The individual gifts of the In- tians themselves saw the need in dian Christians in the areas re- Dornakal, began the work, and ferred to are not large, about one now three English missionaries are rupee (36 cents) per year. It may there working under an Indian look pitifully small. In the aggre- Bishop. No expensive buildings gate, however, it is producing self- are put up, but what is within the support, giving large numbers in ability of the Indian Christians to the Church the joy of accomplish- provide and to maintain. While ment developing independent rath- the Indian evangelist is trained in er than dependent, servile, parasitic things Biblical he is also instructed· Christians, the sort of folk on

whom we can depend to do their ing. We must be careful not to share, according to ability, of evan- repress or discourage this expresgelizing their fellow nationals. I sion. The Mission's psychological have drawn most of my illustra- attitude regarding the new betions from India, because if the liever's status must be "ability to Christian Church can attain self- give." "They can who think they support there, poverty stricken as can" was one of the mottoes used most of the Christians are, it can with excellent effect in it series of attain it anywhere. missionary conventions in America some years ago. I commend it to Evangelism which rightly urges the Christians of rising churches the giving of the heart to God must in non-Christian lands. I commend include the giving of possessions. it likewise to those missionaries There has been too much leaning who have the privilege of the early on foreign help in many quarters. training in stewardship of those who are just learning to take the The psychological attitude "too first steps in the way of the life poor" to give can be changed by abundant. education to "I want to give." Love expresses itself in an offer- WORLD-WIDE LUTHERANISM The following statistics from France-Paris Rapt. llfctn, The Lutheran of June 19, are im- Montbeliard …….. . pressively of special interest in Alsace …………. . 27,570 connection with the four hundredth 245,077 anniversary of the Augsburg Con- Holland ………….. . 85,000 Italy ……………. . fession this year. 986 North America COUNTRIES IN WHICH LUTHER- 4,505,286 ANISM IS ACTIVE IN 1930 United States and Canada 13,000 Greenland ………… . 80 Europe Bapt. Mem. Mexico …………… . 158 Cuba ……………. . 1,492 Denmark …………. . 3,364,500 Porto Rico ……….. . 1,961 Iceland …………… . 102,400 Virgin Island ……… . Norway ………….. . 60,817 Sweden ………….. . 2,200,000 South America 6,484 Finland ………….. . 6,051,000 Esthonia …………. . 3,426,060 Brazil …………… . 40,000 Latvia …………… . Argentina ………… . 4,000 Germany …………. . 870,000 Chile ……………. . 4,000 Danzig ………….. . 1,055,167 Paraguay ………… . 3,000 Austria ………….. . 30,182,421 Uruguay …………. . Czecho-Slovakia ……. . Dutch Guiana …….. . 319,440 Poland ………….. . 560 52,000 Lithuania ………… . 248,078 Asia 2,475 Russia …………… . 553,927 Hungary …………. . 537,000 India ……………. . 337,805 Rumania …………. . China ……………. . Jugo-Slavia 60,000 Japan …………… . 45,708 920,000 491 German ………… . 492,695 Africa Slovak …………. . 405,668 Switzerland ………. . Africa 120,000 55,000 Australia 1,000 Australia …………. . New Zealand ……… .

Grand Total of World Lutheranism ……. . 56,122,101

WHAT'S GOING ON IN SUB-CONSCIOUS

INDIA?

BY THE REV. EMIL W. MENZEL lIfissiQrl,ury oj the Eva.rngcliool Synod oj North America T HE 5,000,000 reported Chris- ably far stronger than any direct tians in India are far from appeal a preacher can make. evenly distributed. In some This was well illustrated recent- sections of South India as high as ly in our own field. In the village one-third or even one-half of the of Sankra, five years ago, there population is Christian, while in was not one Christian. Fifteen other large areas there is not a years before a man and his family single Christian. Sakti State, with had become Christian and they a population of about 45,000, has were promptly chased out of the no Christians, while Jaspur State, village. Then, one family became less than a hundred miles away, Christian and remained in Sankra.

has thousands. Nor does it depend Today in that village, after five entirely on how much missionary years, there are 119 Christians, work has been done in any partic- making Sankra perhaps the strong- ular area. Madras, where the In- est outstation in our mission. The dian Christians have become a real state of mind in the two neighbor- power, has probably not had much ing villages is such that we have more missionary attention than reason to hope the thing will be many another section of northern repeated there. There has really or central India where the progress not been any individual responsible has been painfully slow. Even for the happening. It was rather locally we notice the difference. the power of suggestion spreading In Sakti State more work has been through the village.

done and over a longer period of Stanley Jones' brilliant work in time than in Sarangarh State, yet India is based on the assumption in the former perhaps three Chris- that the intelligentsia of India is tians have come out and in the further advanced in Christian latter two hundred. thought than either we or those Its the old story of "unto every- affected have rea liz e d. And one that hath shall be given." The through his meetings and round more Chrstians there are in a 10- table discussions he has drawn into cality the better the chance of in- the conscious mind of numerous creasing numbers. This is partly educated Indians many a Christian due to the fact that, while we all thought with which their subcon- pretend to be leaders, only very scious mind has for some time been few of us really are, but wait for at grips. Sub-conscious India may someone else to show us the way. be nearer Christianity than con- It is also due to the fact that going scious India realizes. At least that in company with others lends us is the impression one gets when both courage and conviction. But one reads the constantly increasing there is still a third reason, namely amount of semi-Christianized liter- that the subconscious appeal, ature which score upon score of which automatically comes through prominent Hindu leaders are turn- seeing other Christians, is prob- ing out. They are simply reading 745

Christian content into their Hindu to the refrain "and they have taken traditions, and realize only faintly, these almost aboriginal and drunk- if at all, the true source from en peoples like the Ouraons and which they are absorbing their Mundaris and made intelligent and ideas. educated peoples of them." He Just the other day I had an ex- recited how the Christian communi- perience which may prove to be an ties, though of most lowly origin example of how the subconscious and in the minority, forced the mind in India is being affected by rajahs of some of the most despotic Christianity. My family and I and backward native states to were on the train going from more progressive rule. I can still Raipur to Sakti. Two Indian hear him repeat and repeat- gentlemen were in the same com- "those Christians are always on partment with us, and from their the side of progress. In one gen- conversation it was apparent that eration they have made college both were public school officials, students out of savages that used fairly high up· in service. As we to drink themselves to death."

passed Tilda, where our new hos- For almost an hour we conpital is being puilt, one of the In- versed, most of the time being dian gentlemen inquired of me taken by the Inspector General of about the hospital. The conversa- public schools in east Chota Nagtion went on real tamely until one pur, in telling about the mission of the men made a remark that institutions and the Christian com- "there are only very few Chris- munity in and about Ranchi. I tians in India and they are not said little. A Hindu was saying very strong." what I wanted said to the third At this his companion, from his man, more eloquently than I could appearance undoubtedly an ortho- have said it. And, finally, the man dox Hindu, interposed-"But, you who made the remark about there must not judge from what you see not being any Christians in India here. You should go to Chota turned to me and said, "I suppose Nagpur and see what the Chris– you people are going to make tians are doing there." (NOTE:- Christians out of all of us."

Chhattisgarh in which we are How did he get that way? No- working is one of the backward body had said anything to him sections of India and has proved to calling for that remark, unless his be one of the most stubborn in the own subconscious mind told him acceptance of Christianity. Chota that Christianity is supplying Nagpur, a neighboring state, and something to the development of the particular field of the Gassner India and the Indians without Mission, has been quite responsive, which you simply cannot do.

in some sections one-third of the The work in our own Chhattispopulation having been affected.) garh district has been most uphill, Then this man went on to tell of but the power of suggestion, which the excellent schools which both at present is only tugging away at Roman Catholics and Lutherans subconscious Chhattisgarh, will conduct in Ranchi, the hospitals, soon break through into the con- trade schools, orphanages, welfare sciousness of many. And it will do organizations, and ·churches. Not it with such force that there can once, but again and again, he came be no mistaking its identity.

JOHN SIMON REPORTS ON INDIA*

BY CHARLES JOHNSTON JULY 4, 1776, is a significant modify or restrict the degree of date, as is July 14, 1789. The responsible government" after the corresponding day for India is act had been in force for ten years. Aug. 20, 1917. But India's decla- This commission was duly ap- ration was not made in India, nor pointed with Sir John Simon as by one or many natives of India. chairman, and, after two visits to It was made in the British House India, it has submitted to his of Commons by Edwin Samuel Majesty King George the two vol- Montagu, M. P., at that time and umes of the report.

for the next five years Secretary The first volume, entitled "Sur- of State for India. The heart of vey," gives an outline of the his- that declaration is in the first tory and geography of India in paragraph: dignified and diplomatic language.

"The policy of his Majesty's We may, perhaps, allow ourselves Government, with which the Gov- something more of freedom in con- ernment of India are in complete veying its substance.

accord, is that of the increasing A generation ago the Govern- association of Indians in every ment of India was in fact a mili- branch of the administration and tary despotism, whose strength the gradual development of self- lay, first, in the British Army of governing institutions with a view some 75,000 men, and, second, in to the progressive realization of the peaceful disposition and in the responsible government in India many divisions of the immense as an integral part of the British population of India. As a military Empire." despotism India had enjoyed, and That is the point of departure was destined to enjoy, complete in- of Sir John Simon's commission. ternal peace, a government cif law, The promise of the Secretary of administered by something less State for India, whose function it than one thousand Indian civil ser- is to interpret the will of the Par- vants, who, by universal testimony, liament at Westminster to the were wholly incorruptible; India Viceroy of India at New Delhi, or further enjoyed, or suffered, an at Simla, was fulfilled by the Gov- entire absence of partisan politics, ernment of India Act of 1919; this with the manifold activities which act contained a provision that, accompany partisan politics. When after a period of ten years had the government of Queen Victoria elapsed, and therefore in the year had taken the reins of power from 1929, a commission should be ap- the defunct East India Company pointed to inquire into the work- after the Indian mutiny of 1857, ing of the act of 1919 and to report her Majesty had proclaimed a de- as to whether, and to what extent, termination to admit natives of "it is desirable to establish the India to the various branches of principle of responsible govern- government, to the degree that ment in British India, or to extend, they were qualified "by their edu- *Reprinted from the Book Review Magazine cation, ability and integrity." By of 'l'he Np-u, York Times. 1861 a beginning was made to re- 747

deem this promise by surrounding The awkward division between the Viceroy and the Governors of these stalwart civilians and the provinces with councils, which in- new native Ministers was known cluded distinguished natives of In- by the awkward name "Dyarchy," dia, who were free to give advice which has had all the disadvanbut had no effective votes. In 1892 tages inseparable from divided authese councils were expanded. thority.

In 1909 John Morley, who had The Liberal aspirations of Morbeen made a Viscount, was Secre- ley and Montagu were not comtary of State for India. As a good pletely realized. Little clouds, such Gladstonian Liberal Morley felt it as presage the rains, gathered in to be his duty to extend to India the sky. The class of Englishthe principle of democracy, which, speaking native politicians, who in association with Lord Minto, had been voicing their ideas since then Viceroy, he proceeded to do about the year 1885, when the Naby introducing a very limited elec- tional Congress came into being, tion into the councils, though they expressed themselves as, on the still had only an advisory capacity. whole, entirely dissatisfied with the Dyarchy. The Montagu- Eight years later carne the fa- Chelmsford reforms had not gone mous Montagu Declaration, and nearly far enough to please them. then, in 1919, the Government of Further, the effort of the reform- India Act, embodying what are makers to do justice at the same called the "Montagu – Chelmsford time to the Hindu majority and Reforms." The Act of 1919 cre- the Mohammedan minority had ated a Legislature for each of nine widened the rift between these two provinces, of which Madras, Ben- communities, each of which was gal and Bombay are the oldest. It afraid of being overreached by the also created a Legislature for the other; and exactly in proportion whole of British India, which we as the reforms developed, hostility may call a central parliament or a federal congress, with the reserva- between the two communities intion that it is not exactly either of creased, with the result that in these two institutions. Each of India the word "communal" has the nine provincial Legislatures, come to refer to this fundamental a single chamber assembly, con- religious cleavage. We need not tained certain outstanding mem- include in this survey incidents bers, who were called Ministers, springing from the agitation set and to whom portfolios were en- in motion by Mahatma Gandhi, trusted, giving them authority sin c e the Simon Report was over the making of good roads, avowedly completed before that education, public health and sim- complication arose. ilar subjects, but in no case over police, the courts of law, or land So far the historic background, revenue. These "reserved" sub- very superficially sketched. Now jects continued to be administered a word about geography. The funin fact by the members of the damental division in India is be- Indian Civil Service, who had su- tween that part which is directly pervised the whole system of gov- under British rule (primarily the ernment and all its details since nine provinces with their Govthe days of the Indian Mutiny. ernors and Legislatures, already outlined) and the Native States.

SIR JOHN SIMON REPORTS ON INDIA

which are autonomous countries but that the division of authority under the suzerainty of the King- indicated by the word dyarchy Emperor, represented in India by should be abolished. Instead, practhe Viceroy at New Delhi. Since tically all departments in each the status of these native states is province should be turned over to fixed by treaty, the British Parlia- the Legislatures, with their Minment is not in a position to legis- istries, and that every effort should late for them. Therefore, the Na- be made to create and strengthen tive States, in area about 800,000 a sense of responsibility in a square miles, with a population of united Cabinet, the Ministers actabout 70,000,000, are not affected ing as a unit and held responsible by the Montagu-Chelmsford re- as a unit, in accordance with the forms, and enter only incidentally system at present followed in into the report of the Simon com- Britain, whose Cabinet is wholly mission under review. different from the President's Cab- inet at Washington. In general, With a good many unavoidable one may say that the prescriptions omissions, this is the substance of for the advance of India are altothe first volume, "Survey." What gether British in spirit and genare the "Recommendations" which erally also in form. There is very Sir John Simon and his six dis- little original creative imagination tinguished colleagues have been in them. moved to make? If the recommendations of the To begin with, they openly criti- report were carried out we should cize, even deplore, one element in have nine provinces, each with its the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms elected Legislature and Ministry, of 1919; namely, the provision but, effectively, all power would that the whole field should be re- remain, as at present, in British viewed ten years later-as it hap- hands. There would be even less pened, by their own committee. change in the central government, They say, with entire justice, that which would also remain predomithis promised, or threatened, re- nantly British, as would the army, vision stamped the whole scheme charged with the defense of India as provisional; that, so stamped, as an integral part of the British it could not possibly have a fair Empire. The report calls the trial; that, in fact, it did not get grouping of the nine provinces and a fair trial. They go on to express certain other areas a "federation," the conviction that this time-pro- but the reality is that the bond of vision should on no account be in- union implied by the report is still serted in any legislation based on the British Army. There is large their investigation and report; provision for local self-governthat, on the contrary, a quite in- ment, though the scheme might be definite period should be allowed for natural growth, which would criticised as too uniform, in view probably follow different lines in of the immense underlying diver- the different provinces. sities; but there is no doubt what- Having thus cleared the ground, ever that, if the ideas of Sir John Simon's commission are followed, they recommend that the system of the authority of Britain over India Legislatures and Ministers for the will remain undiminished. • nine provinces should be continued,

BOOKS ON

N INETEEN hundred and thir- foreign control it kindled and ty is a critical year for In- fanned new ambitions. dia and her population of Nowhere in the world is there over 320,000,000. Great Britain such a vast population with such a this year undertakes to come to great past and individual evidences terms with Indian nationalism. of such high grade ability as in The nineteenth century saw the India. China, Siam, Persia, Arabia, growth of the nationalistic spirit and even Afghanistan are inde- in Europe, and the concentration pendent with their own national of power in the hands of a few flags. But India is still denied great states which seemed des- self-government. Indians must ad- tined to rule the rest of the eastern mit the long list of benefits result- continent. The century closed with ing from British rule, but they Japan coerced by a Russian, claim that many of these were not French, and German combination, disinterested, and that they have the Chinese. imperial court fleeing been accomplished by racial and from Peiping before the allied economic discrimination. The In- troups, India under Curzon, her dian believes that he has just cause most masterful Viceroy, and Africa for complaint.

partitioned. In 1917 England proposed a Then the tide begun to turn. scheme, the Montagu-Chelmsford Resentment at European control system of diarchy, that was to be had been growing for many years, a first step to self-government. It but resistance seemed hopeless. was to be tried out for ten years The Russo-Japanese War was the and then revised as circumstances first demonstration on a grand seemed to warrant. At the end of scale that Europe was not invin- the decade a British commission cible. A new spirit flamed up in was appointed, with Sir John yellow and brown and swarthy Simon as chairman, to investigate men. Persia and Turkey demanded and make recommendations. The and obtained constitutional gov- Indian nationalists made vehement ernment, China became a republic, protests because no Indian was in- and Japan was recognized as one cluded in the membership of this of the world powers. India re- .Commission. The report was re- ceived only small concessions that leased in June of this year. It is were far from representative gov- to be discussed at a round-table ernment. conference in London to be held Next the great War shook every- this fall. Such is the political sit- thing that was shakable. It, and uation that brings India into the still more the diplomatic settle- newspaper headlines.

ments that followed, blasted in the For the last ten years probably minds of Asiatics Europe's claim no single human being has been to moral superiority. Wilson's ap- more talked about than an Indian, peal for self-determination might Mr. Gandhi, now under arrest.

be ignored by the statesmen at Those who criticise his conclusions Versai!les when it presented prac- cannot deny the purity of his char- tical difficulties, but to those under acter and unselfish devotion to 750 principle. Christianity may claim seeking to state the situation as it a share in such a product. Gandhi appear,s from different viewpoints. says that he is not a Christian, but His chapters treat of the emergence he freely acknowledges the influ- of nationalism, the great social and ence of Christ. He is one of the economic problems, the groups into significant phenomena of modern which Indian society is divided, the history. religious ideals to which India most responds, the home life, and the pros- Naturally the political crisis has pect for Christianity. With the wide called out a great bulk of books outlook of a student of missions and and articles. Miss Mayo's caustic comparative religions, and an intimate "Mother India," which for a time knowledge of Indian life, the author was a best seller in America, was packs in fervid style a large amount bitterly resented by Indians and of information and picturesque maprovoked both denial and counter- terial into this little book. charges. It is not difficult today to find reading matter on the sub- A Course for Leaders of Adult Groups ject. Studying India. By T. H. P. Sailer. Paper, 25 cents. These are some of the more spectacular features of the situation This pamphlet presents two apas regards India. The main di- proaches, the first suggesting probrect contribution which American lems for study and discussion on the Christianity is making is its sup- subjects treated in Dr. Buck's textport of nearly 3,000 missionaries book. The other approach is for and the institutional work in which groups more mature and willing to they are engaged. To achieve the study. It divides the main group into greatest efficiency of this work, sub-committees representing respecthere is scope for the wise expend- tively the British Government, the Initure of much more than America dian nationalists, the masses of India, gives. We as Americans should the women, the Christians, and the not read about India merely to missionary body. Each sub-committee keep up-to-date or to satisfy idle meets separately for a period to precuriosity but to learn how we may pare a statement of its viewpoint. cooperate in promoting India's Later all the committees come tobest welfare. gether for a series of meetings in which each presents its statement and For the season of 1930-1931, The is questioned by the other. A list of Friendship Press of the Mission- specific references is given on each ary Education Movement has is- topic. sued the following books for reading and study: India on the March. By Dr. Alden H. Clark. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. India Looks to Her Future. By Professor Oscar MacMillan Buck. Cloth, $1.00; The first edition of this book ap- paper, 60 cents. peared in 1922 and was one of the most popular textbooks for young Dr. Buck, Professor of Missions and people and adults desiring simpler Comparative Religion at Drew Theo- presentation. It has been thoroughly logical Seminary, was born in India revised and brought up to date. Dr. of missionary parents, educated in Clark adopts in large part the excel- America, served as a missionary in lent method of concrete narratives India, and recently revisited the coun- which illustrate typical situations. He try in company with Dr. E. Stanley tells stories of Indian villagers and Jones. He writes with sympathy for outcastes which bring out clearly the the land of his birth and boyhood, difficulties which Christianity con- fronts and what it is able to accom- plish. The book makes easy and

pleasant reading and also furnishes alive today and mDves toward tomDrmaterial for discussion. rDW, cDvering a series of ses-sions which provide stDries, discussion ques- Do You Like Our Country~ By Ruth tiDns, references, and suggestiDns fDr Isabel Seabury. Paper, 50 cents. activities and wDrship.

This pamphlet presents suggestions The Golden Sparrow. By Irene Mason for a course 'On India fDr young peo- Harper. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. ple. It is based primarily on Dr. Clark's bDDk, but alsD suggests hDW This CDurse for leaders 'Of junior tD use a number 'Of other books in a children CDntains stories about a group prDgram 'Of study, discussiDn, service, of boys whose families represent the and wDrshio. It is therefore brDader more progressive thinkers in India toin SCDpe than the usual helps for day. ThrDugh the experience of this leaders and ShDUld be capable of more g110UP, the author, a missionary in Invaried applicatiDn. It will help to dia for fifteen years to the depressed integrate mission study into the re- classes in the villages, deals with ligiDUS educatiDn 'Of the church. SDme of the most baffling prDblems of present-day India. The second part Freedom. By Welthy Honsinger Fisher. is fDr leaders and contains backgrDund Cloth, 85 cents. material and original and practical suggestions for the use of the stories. This stDry – of tWD students, GDpal and Nalini, a brother and sister in a Bhaskar and His Friends. By Clara G. high-caste Hindu family, cDming intD Labaree. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. contact with the new forces in nationalism, western education, and This is a course for leaders of pri- Christianity is very delightful read- mary children and contains stories and ing for young people, and adults as informatiDnal material 'On India with well. The bODk is illustrated with suggestions for its use. These sugsketches drawn by Indian artist gestions are based on actual teaching students at Rabindranath TagDre's experience in using the material with school. three different groups of children. The author was for five years a mis- The Star of India. By Isabel Brown sionary in India, and there taught in Rose. Cloth, $1.00; Paper, 75 cents. the Mary B. Harding Kindergarten Training SChODl, in Sholapur, and aI- This reading book 'Of fascinating -so served as principal of the Josephine stDries 'Of old India and also India of Kindergarten. tDday is written for boys and girls 'Of junior high schoDl age. It tells Another interesting hDOk is: 'Of the adventures of heroic men and women, both Indians and westerners India in 1928-1929. By John Coatman. who have heloed the Indian people, 416 pp. Published by the Government and who have been deCDrated with the of India. Calcutta. Agent in Ameria, Star 'Of India. The illustratiDns, black The British Library of Information, and white sketches, are by Edith E. 551 Fifth Ave., New York. $1.00. Strutton, WhD lives in India. This is a report to the British Par- 'Out of Yesterday Into Tomorrow. By liament on the moral and material Mary Jenness. Paper, 50 cents. progress 'Of India by the DirectDr 'Of Public Information of the GDvern- This is a CDurse bODk 'On India fDr ment, and is published "under the leaders of intermediates, based pri- authority and with the general apmarily on "The Star of India," but proval of the Secretary of State for giving other reference sources as well. India." It is a vDlume of first hand Like "The Star of India" it treats of information and judicial spirit-re- 'Old India and India of tDday, there markable fDr its authoritative presenbeing tWD units-yesterday's India tation of a wide range of subjects.

OF TRAVEL

Som e Things S een and H eard in Burma, Siam and Malaya BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER NO.7 work, medical service and social I NA tour such as this one is im- uplift, industrial missions and pressed by the vast variety that characterizes God's w 0 rId. physical training-but there is a There are ooth the surface variations and those that go deeper. rich variation in the types of mis- Interesting and informing articles might be written on "smelling sionaries in their personal charone's way around the world" (how rich and varied are the odors!), or acteristics and ideas; their denomon "chords and discords in many lands"; or on "traffic cops I have inational and theological cTohloerriengi~' met," or on "varieties of bathing their purpose and plans. experiences." One might write on also a striking variety in the native Christians met and in the churches and institutions established, in fi- nancial methods and ideals, and in equipment and organization.

"modes of travel-ancient and modern." This would include camel, donkey, elephant and horse, goofa (Tigris round tubs) and sampans; mule litter and ham- mock; tonga (two-wheeled car) and bullock ekka; sedan chair, wheelbarrow and ricksha; two- storied camel and cart and Peiping (springless) cart. There are also the most modern modes such as A BULLOCK CART I N INDI A steamer, tram car, railway, automobile and airplane. There are But in the midst of all this vari- the varieties in race and color, in ety there is, or should be, an speech and writing, in manners underlying unity. Any mode of and customs. A very interesting travel is useful that helps one to story m(ght be told of money and reach the goal; beneath the surfmoney-changers, or of foods-de- ace men and women are much the licious and malicious. Going deep- same in their instincts and needs; er we find world-wide varieties in children are attractive and lovescience and religion, in politics and able-in spite of dirt–in all lands .

industrial conditions, in the status the essentials to happiness and of women and the training of chil- well-being do not vary greatly dren. under all governments and all so- Similarly we have been im- cial and industrial conditions. pressed by the vast variety in mis- Righteousness, sympathy and unsionary work around the world. selfish service spell peace and pros- Not only are there varied methods perity anywhere.

-such as preaching and teaching, Also in missionaries and mission printed literature and colportage work we find room for almost end- 3 753

less variety, if we keep true to the ful work is among the Karens and basic purpose and principles laid the animistic tribes of the north.

down by Jesus Christ and the early The American Baptist Judson apostles (missionaries). We have College at Rangoon (with 600 stu- seen that so-called evangelistic dents, about 60% of them Chris- work or preaching is not always tian) has recently become a part successful and that educational or of the University of Rangoon.

medical work may produce even There are strong Methodist and larger results under the right con- Baptist schools for boys and girls ditions. Some workers under in Rangoon, and Burmese and every society and all denominations Karen theological seminaries for have evidenced the power of God the training of evangelists.

working through them. The great An impressive and fruitful piece essential has been proved to be of work is being carried on under God working through the mission- Mr. Dyer, one of the Baptist mis- aries and the need for Christ and sionaries, with the help of Chris- His Gospel, and their efficacy has tian students of the seminary and not changed. The power of the the college. Each week-end a group Spirit of God is the same in every of these students go on an evan- land and at all times. Thus in the gelistic campaign to some town midst of endless variety ther~ is, where there is a nucleus of Chris- or should be, essential unity. tians. This local group has made It has been our privilege to see special preparations and has ad- a wide range of missionaries and vertised the event. On Saturday Christian work in Asia. Some has afternoon athletic con t est s-of evidently been fruitful in abiding which the Burmese are fond-are spiritual results, while some is ap- planned between the local boys and parently barren. Human judg- the visitors. All the spectators are ment may be at fault. Wheat and invited to attend a concert or tares must be allowed to grow to- simple drama to be given by the gether until the harvest, but no Rangoon students in the evening.

servant of Christ will knowingly This is always a strong attraction.

sow tares. . Between the numbers on the pro- One of our greatest joys on this gram the Christian students give tour has been to see the unity and their testimony as to what Christ loyalty to Christ that characterize has done for them personally. This most of the Protestant mission- witness is more effective than a aries in Asia. That is the only sermon. It attracts townspeople motive that can make them willing and greatly benefits the boys who to remain at their task. It is too testify. Then the audience is difficult and too hopeless otherwise. invited to a Christian service on In every denomination and in Sunday morning and the afternoon every branch of service we have and evening are given up to per- found such spirit-filled, loyal sonal work with inquirers. On workers. Monday the visiting students re- Our visit to Burma was un- turn to their studies.

fortunately too short to permit The fruits of this evangelism are visits to Ava and other fields evident both in the lives of the where Adoniram Judson worked Christian students who take part and laid the foundations of the in the campaigns and in the num- Church in Burma. The most fruit- ber of inquirers who are led to

VARIETIES OF TRAVEL EXPERIENCE

Christ. In one town near Rangoon The Burmese are, as a rule, a quiet, some girls of the mission school peaceful people, but they show no were so impressed that they be- satisfaction in their faces and no came Christians. The Buddhist power in their lives. The most parents of some became alarmed effective Christian evangelism has and thirty-five pupils were with- been done among the Karens and drawn from the school. It was other animists who have not been found to be "dangerous" to have brought so fully under the sway them under such Christian influ- of Buddhism. ence. But the school had proved its missionary character. The Siam is the only absolute montragedy of the situation is that archy left in Asia, and almost the while there are funds provided for only one in the world today. The the educational work, this effective people are mild and peaceful like evangelism has no place in the bud- the Burmese, and with their Budget and funds must be sought from dhist philosophy. Unfortunately time did not permit us to go furoutside sources. ther than Bangkok, the capital and The omnipresence of the Bud- city of canals. The land is so low that anywhere you dig a trench dhist priest with his begging bowl near Bangkok a canal appears. carrier impresses one in Burma. Consequently the drainage is poor The priest is not supposed to and malaria abounds. (Mosquito "beg," but an attendant carries a bags are always provided for the bowl into which those who wish to legs of guests at dinner.) In Siam "acquire merit" are permitted to too, the most fruitful missionary place an offering. Buddhism is work has been carried on in the much less oppressive and offensive North among the Laos who are than the Hinduism of India and animistic Buddhists. less antagonistic to Christianity than Islam, but its philosophy of One peculiarity about Siam is transmigration of the soul, its doc- that the country is almost wholly trine of nirvana (the extinction of an American Presbyterian mission all desire) and of salvation by field. The Baptists have had· a works (acquiring merit) are dead- work among the Chinese who have ening to progress and to spiritual been coming to Siam in increasing life. The priesthood-into which numbers, and recentfy Seventhall boys are supposed to enter for Day Adventists and Plymouth three years-is an incubus on so- Brethren have begun work. The ciety. The religious monks and American Bible Society is also an nuns and the myriad temples must important factor in the evangelizabe supported and without any ade- tion of Siam. quate return to the public. The Shive Dagon, that famous Rangoon "Is it an advantage for one detemple with its huge gold covered nomination to have exclusive respire and multitudes of shrines, is sponsibility for one field?" I asked a fair sample of Buddhism. I saw some missionaries in Bangkok. I multitudes of men and women had in mind the oft repeated obwalking barefooted around the jections to "denominational rivaltemple, kneeling before shrines ry." "Not altogether," they replied. and making offerings, while priests "Unfriendly rivalry is a detriment, chanted for them the prayers that but there is a stimulus to workers they themselves could not utter. in the presence of workers from another society." There is even in

religion a competition that pro- pendent Federated States (under motes efficiency. Monopoly has its British supervision) and Straits disadvantages. Settlements (under British con- trol) exist side by side. The Siam and the Lao country have British forbid direct Christian been wonderfully fruitful, but re- miSSIOnary work among Mohamcently missionary progress seems medans so that the Malays are to have been retarded. The Gov- practically untduched. No such ernment is ~riendly. The King tale can be told here as in the was educated in England but con- Dutch East Indies, where 45,000 tinues his Buddhist worship and former Moslems have become the priesthood and superstitions Christians. Most of the mission have a strong hold on the people. work in British Malay and Fed- In front of the house where we erated States is among the Chinese were staying, and before many who are the chief bankers and emhomes and shops, was the little ployers. Many are wealthy and birdlike "spirit house" in which build large, expensive houses that look like consulates or embassies. DUTCH MISSION LEPER COLONY- They are, however, not accustomed SUMATRA to such style and usually live in the kitchen or outbuildings, only openofferings of rice are made daily to ing the front of the house for state propitiate the spirits. occasions. These Chinese come from South China and are gener- In Siam, as elsewhere, there is ally wide awake and eager to learn only one power, one plan, one per- English. They therefore like to sonality, that can prevail. "What attend mission schools and colleges, message shall I take to the people which are commonly called "Angloof America?" I asked a Christian Chinese." The American Methoteacher of mathematics in Bang- dists have taken advantage of this kok Christian College. He was an eagerness and have opened many earnest and intelligent Siamese large and well-equipped educationwho had been a Buddhist and had al institutions. Altogether they given up all to follow Christ. I have 15,653 under instruction in visited his home and found his British Malaya. It is a great opmother still a Buddhist. He de- portunity. They teach the Bible voted part of his time on Sundays and conduct chapel services, but to preaching and teaching the Gos- the vast majority of their students pel. After a thoughtful silence, he and many of their teachers replied: "Tell the Christians in are non-Christians. Educationally America to send us only those these schools and colleges stand whose chief desire is to bring our high, but comparatively few of the people to know and follow Christ. students become Christians. Send us those who put Christ first." As in other mission fields, there are man y representatives of From Siam we passed into smaller missionary societies at Malay Peninsula, where inde- work in Malaya. Some of these are accused of being too prone to "poach on others' preserves" in- stead of doing pioneer work. Others are doing excellent work.

We attended an inspiring confer- done by the missionaries of Ghrist, ence of Christians, conducted at under the direction of the Spirit Kuala Lumpur by the Plymouth of God, to transform the flats and Brethren, during the Easter holi- morasses of Malaya social and re- days. Here we found a devout ligious life into a wholesome and band of about 200 Chl'istians, many active community dominated by of them young men and young the Cross of Christ. It cannot be women, who had l!ome from a ra- done merely through commercial dius of 200 miles on a three-day prosperity, or by legislation or sec- holiday for conference and prayer. ular education. Something higher The m 0 r n i n g meetings for and more powerful is needed. prayer were especially uplifting "Shall the missionaries be reand the Sunday morning Commun- called?" is the title of a recent ion Service will not be forgotten.

Here for two hours, with no leader but the Holy Spirit, the prayers, songs and testimonies continued to make God's presence felt.

While in Kuala Lumpur we met a Tamil from South India who showed strength and refinement in every line. His wife and family were at every meeting. A few years ago he came, as a Hindu, to Singapore for a holiday. There A MAT RIARCHAL HOUSE he met a friend who persuaded him to come to one of these conferences. article in an American periodical. He came, was impressed by what The author expresses the conviche heard and saw and ultimately tion that one half of the missionbecame a Christian. As a result, aries in the field should return he moved to Malaya for Christian home. But which half? He votes fellowship and service. Many such for the recall of those whom he instances might be told. declares to be old-fashioned in the- Singapore, one of the largest ology and unscientific in attitude shipping centers in the world and and method. In other words, he the mingling place of all races and would retain only those who could tongues and nations, is now a city pass an examination in the "wis- of over 500,000 inhabitants and dom of this world." Our observa- has a wonderful harbor which 10,- tions on this missionary tour would 000 foreign vessels enter every lead us to vote otherwise. The year. One hundred years ago it great work of missions has been was not much more than a fishing and is being accomplished today by village on a mud flat. Sir Stamford those who are most versed in the Raffles saw its possibilities as a wisdom of God, men and women port for British trade of the East who are most given to prayer and India Company, and acquired the whose scientific approach and island froin the Sultan of Jahore. power are those of the Spirit of What has been done by the British God. But only God Himself can in transforming the mud flats into infallibly choose those who should a great commercial center, can be go or those who should remain.

A NEW MISSION STUDY

RECONCILIATION TRIPS BY CLARENCE V. HOWELL, Director W HEN we study China let us have been in New York City for visit the Chinese in our own eight years making these contacts. city. When we study the I have been taking students and Near East let us visit the Syrians others on visits in New York to and the Turks in our home town, Negro Harlem, to Chinatown, to or the Greek, Russian and Armeni- Hindus, BUddhists, and Moslems, an Orthodox Churches in our own and to Radical Labor Headquar- community. When we study India ters. I'll tell you how. Of course, let us visit the people of India liv- you have questionings. Three ing among us as students or resi- questions arise in your mind: 1st- dents. And when we visit them Who am I? 2nd-What are Rec- let us do so in the spirit that E. onciliation Trips? 3rd-What re- Stanley Jones visits them in their lation have they to missionary own India. .He expects a quicken- work?

ing of his spiritual life by contact Who Am I~ with deeply spiritual Hindus and I am a Methodist minister, a Buddhists and he experiences what member of the Michigan Conferhe expects. He has a reverence for ence. My good helpmeet was a their sacrifice and his respect for deaconess in that Church. We are them is increased. He appreciates employed by the Home Board of their culture, their thought-power, our denomination-specifically the and their philosophy of life, and is Department of Evangelism-to be appreciated in return by them. evangels of good will to un- churched peoples as well as to racia1 We need these personal contacts. groups against which there is We are now like the botanist who antipathy. Our purpose is to had studied books on trees but achieve reconciliation bet wee n could not tell one tree from an- groups. By reconciliation we do other. So he made friends with a not mean agreement. The fire lumberman-eamped with him, glint of true friendship often lived with him, worked with him. comes from disagreement. There was a transfer of knowledge. This theoretical expert be- came a practical expert. I do not What are Reconciliation Trips ~ need to argue the case. You have Reconciliation Trips are group always wanted to go to the lands visits to Chinese, Indians, Japaabout which you studied-not nese, Italians, Russians, Syrians, aware that people of these lands Jews, Latin Americans and Nehave come to us, are right here groes; contact studies of mystic, among us. psychic, economic, social, political, industrial and labor groups. They Let me be your lumb~rman. I !fr. Howen will sflnd directions for conduct- are conducted in New York, Chiing Rll('h tl'ipf.1 to Ullyune who will send him cago, Philadelphia and Boston; but his addrPRs. TrillS ar~ being conducted In New York is our choice, for it has Chicagu, Room 1421, Chicago Temple; Boston, the greatest variety of races, isms, 14 Beacon St. (Boston Friendship Tours); and Philadelphia. Reconciliation Trips, 229 W. 48th St., New York City.

758 religions. The purpose of Recon- have a problem in order to think. ciliation Trips is to reconcile group So Reconciliation Trips make my to group, as well as person to per- group think, enrich their culture son-not to convert those we visit, and bring them into "love and not to be converted. Friendship, charity with their neighbor" fellowship, love between groups groups. have intrinsic worth, regardless of ideas either group holds. In dealing with the groups we visit we do not pretend to be su- The Method: The sine qua non perior to them. We do not repudiof reconciliation is to bring quar- ate their labels. How can we do relling persons, or anti-pathetic anything to bring about reconciligroups, face to face at the point of ation with a group against whom conflict. So we conduct groups of prejudice exists if we feel ourselves nordic blondes, many southerners, superior to them. These are not into the heart of Negro Harlem. sightseeing trips. People do not Our colored hosts show us through like to be looked over. These are their beautiful homes, churches not slumming escapades. People and other centers. Their most with self-respect resent slumming talented leaders address us on vital parties (without return engageproblems which are slurred in ments) . These are not social servnewspaper publicity. Their best ice trips. The tone of charity choirs sing to us Negro spirituals. degrades the group helped in the We eat food prepared by Negro eyes of the doner.

chefs in the Southern way-hot Relation to Missionary Work bread, fried chicken, waffles, and potato pie. We conduct the same Many mlSSlOn study classes kind of trips to about thirty other sponsor these trips. They find that groups. the trips make real the knowledge printed in the books. The Busi- There are by-products. My like- ness and Professional Woman's ness has little enrichment to offer Mission Club of Peddie Memorial my life, for I received the same Baptist Church, Newark, New Jerculture in the same kind of school, sey, had us conduct them on a trip the same kind of home, the same to the Near East. That was the kind of church, the same kind of subject of their study. I shall tell community. But that yellow man, you more of that trip later. They that black man, that "red" man have arranged to have us conduct can give me something. He re- them on a trip to Chinatown very ceived it from sources I never con- soon. The Department of Relitacted. Historians often say: gious Education of Teachers College "This migration meant progress, had us conduct them on a trip to for two strange cultures met." the World's Living Religions in New York City-Moslems, Hindus A second by-product is thought- and Buddhists. They have arprovokers. The new ideas of the ranged for another trip to Eastern "reds" are like percussion caps to Orthodox Churches. Professor our thinking. Their explosions William M. Gilbert, of Drew Theowithin touch off our thought proc- logical Seminary, had us conduct esses. I have known people who his class in missions on a trip to never thought before who thought Union Labor Headquarters. About for six months steady after a trip sixty per cent of our industrial through Radical Labor Headquarters. John Dewey tells us we must

laborers are immigrants. They penters of Nazareth in Jesus time comprise the groups which we did that kind of work. study in Home Missions. How can we fully know their problems if Then Dr. Salloum Mokarzel, we ignore their working condi- Editor of the Syrian World, told tions? A trip studying labor con- us about Syrians in New York City ditions brings us face to face with and the United States. We found their everyday life. Professor that it was not necessary to go to Gilbert has arranged for us to con- the Near East to find Syrians. duct this class on eighteen trips They are all about us in Greater during three years, six trips each New York. There are some thouyear. These trips are required for sands in other cities in America. credit. They bring with them their beau- tifuf social life and congenial hos- Two Typical Trips pitality. But they become soon assimilated and thereby we lose On the Trip to the Near East much of their culture and characmentioned above, we had a real teristics which have been developed Syrian luncheon at the Sheik Res- during the centuries. taurant with a variety of Near East We next come in contact with foods and Turkish coffee. Here the Moslem Turks in New York. we broke the same kind of bread We met them at the Bahai Center. that Jesus broke and blessed by the The Bahai faith has about the Sea of Galilee. It was concerning same relationship to the Moslem faith as the Christian has to the this bread that Jesus spoke when Jewish faith. Mr. and Mrs. Sefa he said: "The grass of the field received us most cordially. Their which today is and tomorrow is manner and way of life showed the cast into the oven." They cut the refined culture of the people grass, the flowers, the weeds today of Constantinople. Mrs. S e f a and let them dry. Tomorrow, when brought a Moslem girl friend, an they are dry, they burn them in the accomplished pianist, who played oven, rake out the ashes and place for us, and Mrs. Sefa sang Turkish the thin sheets of dough upon the songs. She also told us about hot oven to bake. The loaves are Turkish social life, changing cussome eighteen inches across and as toms and costumes. Mr. Sefa told thin as a pancake. us about Turkish economic and political forces. Both speakers We next visited the Syrian art answered our questions. The stores and brass shops. We were meeting of these refined Turkish fascinated by the beautiful Per- Moslems, honored with the title of sian rugs, brass art ware, and Bey, would have been a shock to Oriental furnishings. The Syrian many of the Mission Study groups inlaid woodwork made up of thou- a decade ago when many of us sands of insects of vari-colored thought of non-Christian peoples woods created a desire to buy. But as barbarians. The tremendous they sell at $250 to $2,000 each. revolutionary change in the status They call those who create this of women in Turkey has been efbeautiful woodwork, carpenters. fected both from within Turkey I call them artists. I understand and from without. Only a few that this furniture and other deco- years ago in Mrs. Sefa's courtship rative work goes back hundreds of years. I am wondering if the car-

1930J A NEW MISSION STUDY TECHNIQUE

days, young women were not al- look, using a new ritual. The Revlowed to know or keep company erend W. H. Pitkin told us about wit h their would-be husbands. its basic beliefs and religious free- They were not only veiled but were dom. It so happens that most of shut-ins. Today in the prominent the members are Theosophists. centers the customs and costumes They welcome into the church as are much the same as those in the members, Hindus, Buddhists, Mos- West. Perhaps the danger is that lems, Jews or Atheists. they are adapting some of the evil ways of the West along with "Occi- Within the Bahai Center a Mosdental freedom." lem scholar from Egypt told us about the religion of Islam. We We had our dinner at a Russian became aware, our speaker being restaurant in a highly decorated Negro, that the Moslem makes no room, Russian art scenery with discrimination on account of race Russian Balalaika orchestra, and or color. Perhaps this is our waiters from the land of the bear. "Christian" handicap for mission- We became Russians ourselves. ary efficiency in Africa. Weare We next attended the Russian Or- respecters of persons contrary to thodox Church service. The con- the teachings of our Lord. The gregation was, for the most part, Moslem faith, propagandized by of recent emigres. The church the poorly trained trader and unpeople stood or knelt throughout lettered layman, is walking with the service. Special seats were great strides southward on the provided for us and the President continent of Africa. Setting over of the Church Board, Professor against this our color antipathy Vladimir Peter de Smitt, explained and the imperialism of the sothe service and then interpreted called Christian nations enslaving the symbolism and Ikanostas. African peoples, how can Chris- Since this trip our mission study tianity compete with the Moslem books have become vital with a liv- faith? ing interest. We have seen and heard the things whereof the At the Jainist and Buddhist writers speak. Temples, which are located in the Oriental Gallery of the Metropoli- The following day, we conducted tan Museum, a Buddhist scholar, over a hundred students and others Mr. J. Vijaya Tunga, interpreted on a trip to Moslems, Hindus, and to us the spiritual and ritualist Buddhists. This trip was especial- significance of the elaborate carved ly prepared for the Department of work of Oriental symbols in these Religious Education, Teachers Col- temples. He has been a teacher in lege. As an introduction we visited the school of Rabindranath Tagore the Liberal Catholic Church, the in Ceylon, India, and a member of Church of St. Michael, the Arch- the Board of Examiners of the angel. The Holy Eucharist was University. sung according to the use of the Liberal Catholic Church-music, We next went to the Dharma chanting, candles and flowers; MandaI Society, Hindu. After a priest, deacons, alcolytes in white period of music and Hindu rituals, and crimson vestments. T his we were addressed by two cultured church is not Roman Catholic, not Hindu speakers, Professor Keskar Episcopal, but Modernist in out- and Professor Chatterji. Both manifested the confidence of an

ancient faith which has grown con- received much more value. And servative in its old age. we could not have received as much without a program worked out in The Maha Bodhi Society of advance. In fact, we continually America put on a special service have on Reconciliation Trips misfor us. The sermon was by the sionaries and others who have just Venerable Thera p. Vajiranana, of returned from the countries whose Viddhodaya College, Ceylon. lands we are representing on the – Had we taken this trip in the trip. heart of India we would not have PERSONAL WORK IN A NEW ENGLAND FACTORY TOWN T WENTY language g r 0 ups while making about twenty calls, comprise the parish of a lay and supplied each family with the missionary in a textile city desired language, adding friendly in New England. The first ap- remarks as he was able to observe proach to a family may be convers- the prevailing conditions. ing with the father seated with his wife and children on a bench in the Visits are made to the county park Sunday afternoon in mid- jail, the general hospital, almssummer; or it may be speaking house, coffee houses and club. to a man who has been imbibing rooms, wherever groups may be liquor to his detriment, but who is found. They are very respectful still gentleman enough to notice and listen reverently to remarks and reply to a kind greeting from concerning the things of God. The an unknown friend. The past worker is invited to call again. winter has given ample illustration as to the wisdom of making ac- Russians are being reached, and quaintances with strange families they pass on the literature to by means of the surplus Sunday- others and eagerly call for more. Some of these little messages are school story papers which are do- sent through the mails to foreign nated by churches. shores and have found fruition in hearts long starving without the The worker began effort among Bread of Life. Testimonies of a few families, and was so encour- Portuguese and Italian recipients aged that he increased his range show that the Gospel relayed to the of languages until his pastor re- homelands by those accepting it ported twelve nationalities were here is bearing fruit among memfound in his Sunday-school, some bers of the same family separated of whom united with the church. f or years by distance.

The introduction is so simple Efforts begun eight years ago that one would think any Christian among a few neighboring families could easily undertake the work. h a v e broadened until approxi- Severay Sundays during the severe mately five hundred families and weather in winter the worker hundreds of individuals outside averaged fifteen calls during the family groups are provided with afternoon. In a city block and a Gospel literature at no expense to half on one side of the street he them. – Extracts from a letter f 0 u n d twelve language groups from a friend in Lawrence, Mass.

Missionaries Leave on not take into account the character

purpose of missionary work or the Advice of Consuls? consequences of abandoning it.

HE announcement, July 30, that Whichever course missionaries take, T the American Legation at Peiping, they are criticised. If they leave, they China, had "urged all Americans in are charged with timidity and conthe provinces of Hunan, Hupeh, Ho- trasted unfavorably with consuls and nan and Kiangsi not to remain at ex- Roman Catholic priests who stay. If po·sed posts but to withdraw to places they refuse to go, they are sneered at where they can be adequately pro- as foolhardy. There are undoubtedly tected," raised again the old and yet times when they can do no good by reoft recurring question whether mis- maining and when it is wiser for them sionaries should abandon their sta- to withdraw temporarily. Our point tions in such circumstance·s because is that they should be trusted to do their legation or consulate advises what is best in view of the circumthem to do so. stances in a given case, and have in unstinted measure the confidence and Manifestly, such advise should be the prayers of the home churches. given due weight, but manifestly also the missionaries concerned have both A.J. B. the right and the duty to exercise their own judgment in view of the Criticisms of the Church circumstances in a given case. They TWO classes are criticising the have usually lived longer in the coun- churches, and from opposite sides. try than their minister or consul. One class asserts that they are "losing They live among the people and know their hold" because they are not sufthem and their language better than ficiently "modern," adhering to "out- their diplomatic and consular officials. worn creeds" and not adopting up-to- Missionary work has been slowly de- date methods. How then do these veloped through a long series of years. critics account for the fact that the Local initial hostility and suspicion churches which have abandoned the have been gradually overcome. A hIstoric creeds and impose no creeds prosperous medical, educational and at all are no more prosperous than the evangelistic work has been built up churches which continue to hold them? representing self-sacrificing labor and As for adapting modern methods, large expenditure. Its beneficent character has become known and ap- how do the critics explain the fact preciated by the people of the com- that the Roman Catholic Church in munity. Should the missionary run America, which makes no concession away and leave that property to be whatever to "modern" methods and destroyed, the work to be disorganized, prides itself on its unchanging teachand he himself exposed to the charge ing, is thronged with worshippers, many of its churches being obliged to of failing to stand by the Chinese hold three or four successive services Christians, who as a rule, are in Sunday morning to accommodate the greater danger than he is? Of course, multitudes, including a high properthe advice of a consul should not be tion of young men and women? lightly disregarded; but diplomatic policy is naturally prudential. It does The other class of critics allege that the churches are weak because they 763

are "too modern," revising the doc- beasts, and tied others to stakes, trinal statements of former centuries in the effort to express the truths of smeared them with pitch and set them Christianity in twentieth century terms and emphasizing a social Gospel on fire. Undoubtedly Christians of instead of an exclusively individual one. How then do these critics ac- today ought to be more consistent count for the fact that the churches which are doing these very things are than they are, and undoubtedly too thriving as well as the churches that are not doing them? their inconsistences often bring re- A line drawn between the most proach upon the churche~. But there prosperous churches and the least prosperous churches would not run is no authority in either Scripture, parallel with lines of theology or methods but would run right across history or experience for the statethem, with conservatives, liberals and ad¥ocates of a social Gospel on each ment that "the world is hungry for side. Evidently, if the churches are dying, which we do not believe, it is the Gospel" and would throng the not because ,of their attitude toward either creeds or methods. churches if they were better. James If there were only one church avail- spoke of the world as at "enmity with able, so that a given man had no choice between attending or not at- God," and our Lord Himself, whom tending, there might be some excuse for outsiders. But churches are the world crucified, plainly warned numerous and with such varied types of teaching, methods and organiza- His disciples that they would be pertion that anyone who loves Jesus Christ and desires to witness for Him secuted. "They shall deliver you up should have no difficulty whatever in finding a church with which he can unto tribulation, and shall kill you, work. With several denominations and a dozen or more churches within and ye shall be hated of all the nations easy reach, if he does not get into some one of them, it is fair to assume for my name's sake." A. J. B. that the fault Is in himself. The Dominican Disaster Some dissatisfied Christians assert that it is the fault of .the churches WIDESPREAD sympathy has been that more people do not attend them evoked by the appalling calamity and that if Christians of today were in Santo Domingo when that fair isas consecrated in their lives as the land was swept by a teriffic hurricane, early disciples, the world would flock September 3. Distressing details into the churches and soon be con- from the outlying districts continue verted. Well, how did the world treat to come in as THE REVIEW goes to those early disciples whom we are press, but it is already known that the exhorted to imitate? It stoned Ste- number of dead exceeds 2,500 and of phen, persecuted the Church so that injured 10,000 or more; that the "they were all scattered abroad," property loss runs into millions, and scourged Peter and John, mocked that tens of thousands of survivors Paul, beat him with many stripes and were rendered homeless and destitute. cast him into a dungeon, drove hun- As usual in such circumstances, physidreds of devout believers into the cal relief for the hungry and naked arena to be torn to pieces by wild was promptly rushed in from neigh- boring islands and the United States, but the effects of such a disaster will be felt for a long time to come.

Relatives and friends of the mis- sionaries and supporters of the fine missiQnary work on the Island were deeply troubled. Their anxiety for the safety of loved ones was relieved by a cable received September 5, by the Board for Christian Work in Santo Domingo, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York City, stating: "CAPITAL WORKERS SAFE. CHURCH DE- MOLISHED. HOSPITAL FUNC- TIONING." A further cable Septem- ber 8 read:

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Reports Mission workers fully con- the hundred and fifty mile gale, despite firm serious losses Santo Domingo. Be- its exposed position, and it is calling sides Red Cross relief, Union Mission for assistance from friends in the evidently will have large responsibilities United States. The old roof, in very for several months since this interde- bad shape previous to the hurricane, nominational mission is only one func- was torn away by the raging storm. tioning for Dominican people at Capital The Hospital is hoping to move into a where we have hospital with trained new building, begun some two months staff prepared for emergencies now ago, near the American Embassy and overwhelmed. Recently built church, the Presidential Palace. The demolition Capital and workers' homes demolished, of the church building, referred to in hospital and mission partially wrecked the cable, represents a heavy financial but still functioning. Suggest editorial loss to the Board. urging contributions from churches be sent to Board for Christian Work, Santo Hospital facilities in Santo Domingo, Domingo, four nineteen Fourth Avenue, in normal times, are entirely inadequate New York City. Full description, Union and there is pressing need for public Mission Santo Domingo found in chap- health work. It is estimated that there ter six, Inman's "Trailing the Con- is only one physician to every 8,700 quistadores." people, many villages being without trained medical service, and organized The following statement and ap- charities, here as in many other Latin American countries, are little known. peal, since issued by the Board, so "I rode into a town of over 3,000 peo- ple," writes one visitor, "where there clearly states interesting facts and was neither doctor, nurse, drugstore or health service of any kind." the duty and privilege of the churches Last year, when economic conditions that we gladly comply with the re- in Santo Domingo made it difficult for Dominicans from the interior to travel quest for its publication in THE RE- to the capital, the hospital, nevertheless, was treating 1,220 patients a month; VIEW. A. J. B. operating a baby welfare station (the only one in the Republic) and registered The Board for Christian Work in patients came from 200 towns and vil- Santo Domingo, whose secretary is Dr. lages throughout the country, some com- Samuel Guy Inman, has been at work ing as far as 225 miles. These folk in the Island Republic for the past ten travel a-foot, in ox carts, or on donkey years. It represents the combined Pres- back. Some are fortunate enough to byterian U. S. A., Methodist Episcopal have a Ford; others are brought in on and United Brethren Churches, and improvised stretchers which friends or maintains a hospital, social service and relatives bear on their shoulders. evangelistic work in the Dominican Republic. The Board for Christian Work is the only American missionary agency- with The "Hospital Internacional" (Inter- a Spanish-speaking staff in Santo Donational Hospital), conducted by this mingo City and is prepared to do re- Board has been striving to prepare lief work in the present emergency. Santo Domingo for just such emergen- The Board is hoping to cooperate with cies as the present one, by training any who desire to assist the distressed Dominican nurses (an unknown profes- Dominicans. sion among Dominicans before the American Hospital began its work), and Lambeth and South India building up a Dominican hospital and medical staff to care for public health CHURCH union is a live topic needs. This work is extremely difficult throughout Christendom. Wealthy and time-consuming and such situations as the present terrible disaster serve to congregations are strong enough to demonstrate more clearly than ever the great need which exists. get along as they are, but not the small With a popUlation of approximately a ones, particularly in village communimillion people, Santo Domingo has but ten hospitals, some of which are private ties in the home mission field where institutions, and, except for the Dominican nurses trained in the "Hospital five or six denominational churches Internacional," trained nursing service does not exist in the Republic. At this are struggling to live in communities time there are probably available in Santo Domingo, abo u t – twenty-five which can adequately support only one trained nurses, ten of whom are at present students in the hospital. church. On the foreign field, union is The "Hospital Internacional" is being even more imperative. Face to face conducted in an old Spanish building. Its thick old Spanish walls withstood with the stupendous obstacles that con- front Christianity in the non-Chris-

tian world, missionaries and their Church, "These opinions will carry boards and supporters at home are great weight throughout the world, more and more clearly realizing that and particularly throughout the Angli- the churches simply must get together can Communion." The resolutions .of if they are to meet their problems in the Conference were published in full, any adequate way. We have ,said many August 30th, in the two Protestant times, and we expect to say many Episc.opal papers in America, The times more, that a divided church can Churchman and The Living Church. never save the world and that it is no They cover a wide range of topics, part of the missionary duty of the but that which particularly interests churches to perpetuate the present sec- missionary workers is the one on the tarian divisions. South India Plan. The subject is of such widespread interest from the It is good to be able to add that the viewpoint of home and foreign mis- movement toward union is making sions that we append the full text of progress. Several organic unions have the deliverance, which was drafted by already been consummated in the the Archbishop of York. United States, Canada, Great Britain and on the foreign mission field, and South .India plans for other unions are at a promising stage. Thus far, however, no 17. The conference has heard with the mutually acceptable formula has been deepest interest of the proposals for found for union with the Anglican church union in South India now under Communion. The World Conference consideration between the Church of Inon Faith and Order at Lausanne dis- dia, Burma and Ceylon, the South India cussed the vexed question of ordina- United Church and the Wesleyan Church tion, but felt unable to g.o beyond a of South India, and expresses its high apfew generalities. preciation of the spirit in which the rep- resentatives of these churches have pur- The South India Proposal sued the long and careful negotiations.

The first concrete effort to solve the 18. The conference notes with warm problem was made by the churches sympathy that the project to which the and missions in South India, the main Proposed Scheme for Church Union in points of which were given in the South India bears witness is not the for- January number of THE REVIEW. It mation of any fresh church or province was reported to the Lausanne Confer- of the Anglican communion under new ence Continuation Committee, at its conditions, but seeks rather to bring tomeeting in 1929, which devoted a gether the distinctive elements of differwhole session to it. The sympathy of ent Christian communions, on a basis of many members of the Committee was sound doctrine and episcopal order, in a out.spoken, but the fears of others and distinct province of the Universal the policy of the Committee to make Church, in such a way as to give the only unanim.ous deliverances prevented Indian expression of the spirit, the anything more than a rather feeble thought,and the life of the Church Uniand non-committal reference to the versal. subject in the official findings. 19. The conference observes further, More definite action 'was expected as a novel feature in the South Indian from the Lambeth Conference of all Scheme, that a complete agreement bethe bishops of the Anglican Commun- tween the uniting churches on certain ion throughout the world at its meet- points of doctrine and practice is not exing in August of this year and it was pected to be reached before the inauguraawaited with mingled eagerness and tion of the union, but the promoters of anxiety. The Conference had no legis- the scheme believe that unity will be lative power and the bishops could only reached gradually and more securely by express their opinions. But, in the the interaction of the different elements words of the editor of The Living of the united church upon one another. It is only when the unification resulting from that interaction is complete that a final judgment can be pronounced on the effect of the present proposals. Without attempting, therefore, to pronounce such judgment now, we express to our breth- ren in India our strong desire, that as soon as the negotiations are successfully completed, the venture should be made

1930J TOPICS OF THE TIMES

and the union inaugurated. We hope Canterbury recognizes "that the conthat it will lead to the emergence of a stituency that we represent is not part of the Body of Christ which will universally convincrq about all the possess a new combination of the riches provisions of the schene and wishes to that are His. In this hope we ask the see how it works out b('fore commitchurches of our communion to stand by ting itself to definite appreval"; and our brethren in India, while they make adds: "General approval doe8 not bethis experiment, with generous good will. come an endorsement. After all. South India is put on probation and is 20. The conference thinks it wise to warned that it will be held responsipoint out that af.ter the union in So~th ble for the results of a questionable India has been maugurated both mm- experiment." isters and lay people of the United Church, when they are outside the juris- Each reader will doubtless form his diction of that church, will be amenable own conclusion. We need only add to the regulations of the province and that, whatever interested parties may diocese in which they desire to officiate read between the lines, it is clear or to worship, and it must be assumed that the Conference did not disapprove that those regulations will be applied to the Plan, as some opponents had hoped individuals in the same manner as they it would do, but, on the contrary, gave would now be applied to similarly cir- it definite encouragement. This is a cumstanced individuals, unless any prov- great gain. The disapproval ·of such ince takes the formal action to change its an influential body might have blocked regulations. " the movement. Now the way is clear for advance. Official action is yet to 21. The conference, fully assured in be taken by some of the ecclesiastical the light of the Resolutions of the Gen- bodies concerned, and many prayers eral Council Gf the Qhurch of India, will be offered for their guidance by Burma and Ceylon adopted in February, divine wisdom and the Spirit of Christ. 1930, that nothing will be done to break the fellowship of the churches of the Why Be Pessimistic About Anglican communion, confidently leaves in the hands of the bisops of that church China? the task of working out in detail the principles which are embodied in the Pro- LET Americans, who imagine. that posed Scheme. the tumultuous conditions in China for a score of years mean that 22. The conference gives its general the Chinese are incapable of self-govapproval to the suggestions contained in ernment, read the following statement the report of its committee with regard of Andrew White, former President to the Proposed Scheme for Church of Cornell University and Ambassa- Union in South India, and commends the dor to Germany, in his essay on Groreport to the attention of the Episcopal tius, on page 55 of his volume entitled Synod and General Council of the Church "Seven Great Statesmen": of India. Burma and Ceylon. From the middle of the 16th century So far as we can judge from the to the middle of the 17th, throughout editorials and articles in a considerable those 100 years, was waged (in Europe) number of religious papers, this de- a war of hatreds-racial, religious, na- tional and personal; of ambitions, eccleliverance has not wholly satisfied siastical and civil; of aspirations, paeither the advocates or opponents of triotic and selfish; of efforts, noble and the Plan. The Christian Century in- vile. During all those weary generations deed characterizes it as "wholehearted Europe became one broad battlefieldand unanimous support." The Church- drenched in human blood and lighted from innumerable scaffolds. In the conman, however, says: "The Conference fused struggle great men appeared- heroes and martyrs, ruffians and scounapparently decided that it was wiser to drels: all was anarchic. avoid a possible acrimonius dispute or even a schism by giving no categorical approval or disapproval to the South India Union; yet it hailed this as the most hopeful augury of coming unity:' The Anglo-Catholic Li'Ving Chu1'(;h, which deems the Plan unwise and dangerous, calls attention to the fact that the accompanying Encyclical Letter of the Archbishop of

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions A DEVOTIONAL SERVICE Have the nineteen women stand MESSAGES FROM THE PROPHETS in a row in the postures given by Sargent. When all are ready draw Secure from the Boston Public Li- the curtain, and call on them one by brary a colored copy of Sargent's one in order. Following portions of "Prophets" or find the same in a book Scripture were used at Northfield. on painting in your public library. Others might be chosen by the women themselves after a study of their Secure nineteen women to imper- prophets. This will make the ancients sonate the prophets depicted by the vivid to participants as well as begreat painter. Allow these to study holders. the picture thoroughly that each may visualize Sargent's conception of the Zephaniah: Zeph. 3: 17. person she is to portray. Use the very Joel: Joel 2: 28; 3: 14-16. simplest costuming, just enough to Obadiah: Obadiah verse 15. suggest the oriental garb. Nine can Hosea: Hosea 6: 1; 14: 1,4. use sheets, six should find brown Amos: Amos 5: 14. blankets or strips of dark bl'own cloth, Nahum: Nahum 1: 2,5,7. two may use slate blue or navy blue Ezekiel: Ezekiel 34: 26b; 35: 4, 9. blankets or cloth and three need rose Daniel: Daniel 2: 20-23. or violet blankets. For the central Elijah: 1 Kings 19: 14; 18: 37. figure use full yellow robe and cut Moses: Ex. 15: 11, 18; 20: 2-17. panels (3"xI8") from a large corru- Joshua: Joshua 3: 5, 9,23-24. gated box to represent the tables of Jeremiah: Jer. 29: 13; 31: 3. the law which Moses holds in his Jonah: Jonah 4: 3; 2: 2,7, 9. hands. Mark these with simulated Isaiah: Isa. 6:3, 8; 55:6, 7, 8, 9, Hebrew characters as in the picture. etc. Other properties include two scrolls Habakkuk: Hab. 3: 2. six inches wide and two feet long, Micah: Micah 7: 18. with Hebrew characters, a sling or Haggai: Haggai 2: 22. rope for Amos, a staff for Elijah and Malachi: Malachi 3: 7-10. a sword or a short stick to suggest a Zechariah: Zech. 4: 6, last sentence; sword for Joshua. 9: 9. Select from the words of each of these men of God a characteristic "THE ARMOR OF GOD"

prayer, imprecation, or command and Properties have each woman memorize hers. Then let a leader speak briefly of the Bible, helmet, breastplate, shield, mighty influence of these men of sandals, sword. prayer, and if she desires give outstanding characteristics of a few, the If obtainable, the sandals should be power, nearness, and almightiness of the oriental sort with straps for the Moses' prayer, Elijah's miracle-work- great toe. If not available, use low ing prayers, the sympathy and patri- slippers with no heel. otism of Jeremiah, the boldness of Daniel, etc. The breastplate may be made of cardboard cut like picture of breast- plate in Bible dictionary and covered 768

METHODS FOR WORKERS

0) RIGHTEOUSNESS 12"

( L_ _ _ _~W~o~r~d~o~f~G~O~D~———-=> 2'

1 – < – < ' – – – – – – – – – – 2 4 " – – – – – – – – -…..1 o o o ~ mu« 0 FOR END OF VISOR 1I "

SALVATION 160/4-"

with silver paper. Use Denison stiff cardboard about 2' long and 2¥2" gummed letters to label it "Righteous- wide, sloped ta a point. Cover with ness." The shield should be 28" or silver paper and letter "Word of God." 30" long of corrugated paper and have The helmet is made of light cardboard the word "Faith" in 3" or 4" letters. or stiff paper like the accompanying Use silver paper for this and the pattern and also covered with silver helmet, too. The sword is made of paper and lettered "Salvation."

4

Outline Hymn: Faith of Our Fathers. Leader: Eph. 6: 17a. Place helmet Hymn: Soldiers of Christ, Arise- on youth's head. 1-3. Solo: There Is a Green Hill Far Away. Scripture: Rom. 12: 1-3, WeymQuth Leader: Eph. 6: 17b. Hand sword translation. to Youth. Jesus said: Mark 16: 15. Solo: Follow Me. All sing, Soldiers of Christ Arise, fourth and fifth stanzas. Youth and Hark the voice of Jesus calling, Follow leader leave on opposite sides during Me, follow Me! fifth stanza.

Softly through the silence falling, Fol- To shorten, omit several songs. low, follow Me! MARY AND MARTHA CLUB-A As of old He called the fishers when He walked by Galilee, PERSONALITY AND FINANCE Still His patient voice is calling, Follow, METHOD follow Me. Realizing our women and girls are Who will heed the holy mandate, Follow wanting to share in a large way in Me, follow Me! this Pentecostal year, we are asking that these clubs be formed in every Leaving all things at His bidding, Fol- church. As a result of the spirit of low, follow Me! the first Pentecost the followers of Christ put all they had into a common Hark, that tender voice entreating mari- fund. Thus they met the need of all. ners in life's rough sea Weare trying to meet the needs of our brotherhood through the General Gently, lovingly repeating, Follow, fol- Fund of the United Christian Mis- low Me. sionary Society. This is the bread and butter fund. Out of it must come the Hearken, lest He plead no longer, Follow maintenance of all phases of work. Me, follow Me! Here is where the need is most insist- ent. Once again, 0 hear Him calling, Follow, follow Me! The National Promotional Depart- ment is asking for 1,900 churches and Turning swift at Thy sweet summons organizations within the church to (Enter swiftly Youth) give $100 more this year than they did evermore, 0 Christ would we last year. In some places the church alone, the Sunday-school and other or- For Thy love all else forsaking, Follow, ganizations will each give $100 over follow Thee! last year. In other places it may take the combination of two or more or- Youth (in white): I heard the voice ganizations to meet this aim. In a of the Lord saying, "Whom shall I few instances it may take the comsend and who will go for us?" Then bined effort of all to reach the $100 said I, "Here am I, send me t" increase.

Solo: Follow the Gleam. In our adult missionary organiza- Leader: 2 Tim. 3: 17; 2 Tim. 2: tion department we now have the bi- 15; John 5: 39; Col. 3: 16. During ennial membership. If an individual the recital of these verses, hand Youth member gives a special gift of $50.00 a Bible. over a period of two years she becomes Youth: Thy word is a lamp unto a Biennial member. If, in this Pentemy feet and a light to my path. Teach costal year, she gives $50.00 as a speme Thy statutes. Open mine eyes that cial gift into the General Fund before I may behold wondrous things out of Thy law. CPs. 119: 105, 64b, and 18.) Hymn: Open mine eyes, that I may see. Leader: Eph. 6: 11-13. Pause. Eph. 6: 14. Place breastplate on Youth. Eph. 6: 15. Hand sandals to Youth who lays Bible on table, kneels, and fastens on sandals. Solo: Peace I leave with you, or, Peace, perfect peace. Leader: Eph. 6: 16. Hand shield to youth.

June 15th she is counted a Charter Although I must haTe Martha's hands, Biennial member. These Biennial I have a Mary mind; memberships will count on the $100 And when I black the boots and shoes, extra gifts asked for by the National Thy sandals, Lord I find.

Promotional Department. We believe I think of how they trod the earth, many more than 1,900 churches and each time I scrub the floor; organizations and individuals will give Accept this meditation, Lord, I haven't this extra love gift of $100.00. time for more.

Well, what does all this have to do with the Mary and Martha Club? Just Warm all the kitchen with Thy love this. We believe many women and and light it with Thy peace; girls have more time and talent than Forgive me all my worrying and make they do money. We want to help them all grumbling cease.

convert this time and talent into mon- Thou didst love to give men food, in ey by going into partnership with the room or by the sea, Lord. Accept this service that I do-I do it 1. As a member of the Mary and unto Thee.

Martha Club you agree to invest from (This prayer was written by U. K. 10c to $10.00 in some way to bring in H., a girl 19 years of age, who is in returns from the investment, all of domestic service, and was read to a which is to be given as a special gift large congregation by Dr. G. Campinto the General Fund of the United bell Morgan at Westminster Chapel, Christian Missionary Society. London. Reprinted from The West- minster Record.) Printed in the July, 2. You may invest your time in 1929, issue of THE MISSIONARY REgiving lessons, caring for children, typing, washing and ironing, sewing, VIEW. cooking, etc. All this to be done as individuals in partnership with the As a member of the Mary and Mar- Lord, praying daily for His guidance, tha Club I agree to invest a sum of and blessing on all the world-wide money (lOc to $10.00) with the Lord work. We are to have the "Martha as my partner to work earnestly and hands and the Mary mind." Dig up persistently that all the returns from the buried talents. Don't be afraid this investment may be my second nor ashamed to work with your hands. mile giving in Pentecostal sharing Christ was a carpenter-Paul was a with others that the need of all may tent maker-Lydia was a seller of pur- be met. ple. God will surely add His blessing to this consecration of time, talent and I will put no limit on the amount money. Don't put a limit on what your to be received from the investment. gift may be. Make a real honest ef- Praying and working, this is my adfort and you will be greatly surprised venture in faith with Him. This gift at the results. This is a Love Gift will not count on regular aims. It is over and above regular dues and of- to be sent through my missionary orferings and wiLl not count on regular ganization to the General Fund of the United Christian Missionary Society.

aims. List of Members I DO IT UNTO THEE Name Amount invested Lord of all pots and pans and things; President, since I've no time to be Vice-Pres.

A saint by doing lovely things or Secretary, watching late with Thee, Treasurer, Or dreaming in the dawn light, or Lit. Secy., storming heaven's gates, Make me a saint by getting meals, and washing up the plates.

The following helpful Junior Ma- classroom. It seems to give them a terial was furnished by Mrs. C. K. feeling of reverence and holiness, as Lippard, of the Lutheran Board: well as of achievement.

For the Leader Who Says, "We Contacts with foreigners near by Can't A:lford" sometimes cost nothing, yet bring about world friendship in the most Save sheets from your large adver- natural and fitting way possible.

tising calendars. The blank backs Friendliness to the Chinese laundry- make good poster mounts. man and the Italian fruit man in your Brown or gray wrapping paper neighborhood may be more valuable make excellent scrapbooks if carefully than a series of lessons.

folded, creased and cut. Also can be A letter to a missionary or a child cut into camels, elephants, etc. in a foreign land costs little but means Laundry cardboards and suit boxes much and often brings an answer that are excellent for poster backs and for makes world-children seem nearer and construction boards. dearer.

Current magazines furnish all sorts of nature pictures, foreign land pic– THE :MAN WHO :MEANT TO GIVE tures, ships and travel pictures that By HOWARD W. POPE, make missions alive to a child. St. Petersburg, Florida Used Christmas cards furnish stars, He was a good man, kind and true, camels, Madonnas, etc. Covers of Who often told what he would do Christmas numbers of magazines are When he was rich and had the means, often more beautiful than expensive And lived no longer on baked beans. And this he said from day to day, pictures. They may be used for Until his best years slipped awayposters and scrapbook work. Not knowing God will close the door To wealth-unless we help the poor. If children are asked to look for and bring certain pictures from home they When hard times came and all around, almost always find them in old maga- Bread lines were formed in every town, zines. Villages of different countries He gave no cash, he gave no bread; can be made by larger boys and girls Instead of that, he often said- "Next year I will begin to give," out of material collected from "trash" Not knowing surely that he'd liveif they are encouraged to find, bring The same old story newly told, Though every day he laid up gold. and use materials in their own way.

Peanuts and potatoes make excel- When mighty Mississippi wrought lent animals. Sponges make bushes; Death and destruction, dearly bought– pieces of glass, or silver paper, rivers And calls were made on every hand and windows. Any boy who has a To help the suff'ring of the land, God spake to him a hundred times, printing press or a set of letter sten- But he would not give even dimes; cils is proud to be asked to use them But daily to himself he liedto letter posters, notices. With good intentions satisfied.

A group of noisy boys was once held And when the sick could no more wait and interested by being allowed to For his intentions which were late, make a church window by putting to- They simply died and passed beyond gether pieces of colored paper on the All chance for that man to respond. Last week that man lay dead and cold, back of an old window shade. It took And all he left behind was gold. months to finish the window, collect- He had no friends-he never had, ing the paper bit by bit and putting Because his life made no one glad.

it together again and again until the Here is a lesson all should learnright effect was gained. When the Give what you can-but quickly burn shade is hung in a strong sunlight Your good intentions which bring naught against an open window or clear glass, But bitter heartaches, dearly bought. even strangers exclaim at its soft Today's chance we can now securebeauty. The boys look at their win- Tomorrow's is by no means sure. dow at once when they enter their If we let this chance slip away, It may not come another day.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York, and FWRENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions I AM THE MISSION STUDY CLASS Apologies to the author of HI Am the Immigrant"

I am the Mission Study Class-join me.

Since the time of my birth I have helped others. I was born of the craving for wider knowledge, more efficient work, and deeper spirituality. My footprints are found in many churches.

I am often in some homes. I even enter the colleges. I am glad when I mingle with the mem- WILLIAM CAREY AND 'fHE WORLD rHOBLEM bers of the young people's societies, for I help them to reach the highest standard of efficiency. In a recent letter from a board came I delight in the company of those in the a little leaflet on which were the above young women's missionary societies. I serve at the men's clubs and help them picture and wording. Enquiring for permission to use this material in THE to know world affairs. I pass wonderful hours in conversation REVIEW, we were told the following with the women of the missionary societies. story.

I am found in some Sunday-schools, al- It seems that some fifteen years ago ways in those doing the best work. the Missionary Education Movement I consist of a few . congenial people, printed this as a leaflet-in much the preferably from six to ten. I meet once a week for one hour or more same form. Mrs. Charles L. Fry, of at each session, for a course lasting six weeks; or one full day a week the Lutheran Board, secured permisfor three weeks. sion to reprint it and borrowed the dispel ignorance, remove prejudice, cut. The cut was returned and when overcome indifference, and arouse in- terest. the Movement merged with the Inter- I encourage benevolence. church World Movement, it was either I increase and vitalize prayer. destroyed or lost.

I develop strong, active Christian char- A year ago finding neither photo- acter, and provide missionaries. graph nor cut available, Mrs. Fry sent I present for study a literature which excels "in truth, in pathos, in dig- to the Missionary Education Move- nity, in simplicity, in its contribu- tion to scientific research, in its ment of London for the photograph direct bearing on great world prob- and, slightly revised, the leaflet "in lems." the ego" once more came forth. It And yet, there are some who say they was so well liked that two other de- have no time for me. nominational boards secured permis- I am one of the "worthwhile" things and sion to print it, and now Mrs. Fry has kindly loaned us the photograph and you should learn to "put first things given permission to publish. May this first." If I can be fused into the church work, I will do you good. personification of the Mission Study For information on textbooks and leader's helps, write to your own denomina- Class continue to do good service.

tional headquarters. F.E. Q.

773

THE FOREIGN-LANGUAGE ress is being made. A bi-lingual OHUROH leadership is absolutely necessary. The pastor must preach in English to Findings of an interdenomill,u.tiona,l con~ reach his young people. There is an terence held under auspices of the Joint Com- increasing tendency away from the mittee on City and New Americans of the establishment of separate churches Home Missions' Council and Council of Women and missions, and toward departments for Home ~Iissions, (Slightly adapted.) of American churches. We have been guilty of the sin of denominational The purpose of the Conference on competition. Large sums are spent on the Foreign-Language Church held in Italian evangelization, and the prog- New York City on May 8, 1930, was ress of the people in giving toward to evaluate the work being done among the foreign-language groups; to ap- self-support has been slow. praise the methods, programs and results of the work; and to determine The four Hungarian churches are the best possible lines of work for the large and strong and show progress toward self-support, but little progfuture. ress toward identification with Amer- In the last fifteen years, dating ican life.

from the beginning of the Great War, The Czechs are rapidly being abimmigration from Europe has aver- sorbed into our American churches.

aged only 207,000 a year and an aver- The Spanish-speaking work is most encouraging. There are 15 centers age departing to Europe of a little now operating. less than 100,000. Accordingly our net increase in population from the The other languages now being used European countries has been about are Greek, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, 100,000. This has bearing upon the Esthonian, Latvian, Armenian, Syrian, work of our foreign-language churches. Filipino, Chinese, Japanese, Korean.

The foreign language work being One hundred and seven Englishdone in Greater New York, and the speaking Presbyterian churches in Presbyterian work in Philadelphia Philadelphia were studied. Of these, were reviewed, as cross-sections of the in the last ten-year period there was a entire task. The following facts were gain of six per cent in membership, while the city shows fifteen to sixteen represented: per cent gain in population. There In Greater New York there are now was a fourteen per cent loss in Sun- day-school enrollment. Of forty-seven one hundred and two churches or Hungarian Presbyterian churches in church enterprises conducting Prot- the United States, in the ten-year estant work in some foreign language. period the gain in membership was In this list are not included the twenty-seven per cent while their churches for the older immigration, Sunday-schools gained fifty-six per such as German, Scandinavian, French cent. and Welsh, as they do not constitute a home mission problem in the main. Of seventy-one Pre s by t e ria n Forty-eight of the one hundred and churches using the Italian language, two enterprises are for Italians. Fif- over the ten-year period there was a teen of these are separate organized gain of eighteen per cent-7,000 memchurches, sixteen are missions, and bers-and twenty-one per cent gain in seventeen are departments of Amer- the Sunday-schools. The Slavic group includes Slavic churches in New Jerican churches. Bey, the Pittsburgh region, and also There are several elements of dis- a group of Czech churches in the middle west. They showed a gain of couragement, based mainly upon de- forty-one per cent in church membercreased immigration; increased pros- ship and six per cent only in the Sunperity, causing removal of these day-schools. families from the old neighborhoods; and the increased use of English. On the other hand, there is unanimous confidence in the need and in the possibility of Italian evangelization. Results indicate that slow but real prog-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

The per capita for the Presbyterian group; the group must express itself Church in 1929, for 2,004,000 mem- in leadership, in forms of thinking, bers, was $18 for current congrega- and in responsibility. Today we are tional support, which takes out build- thinking in terms of self-support, not ings. The 6,000 Italian members gave $11 per capita; the Slavs $15; the to save our budgets, but to increase Hungarians $17, almost on the level of the effectiveness of the group. Selfthe whole Presbyterian Church. The support is an educational process. In average Christian in the foreign lan- Europe the churches received state guage church is giving relatively more support. The Hungarians are making per capita from his slender resources good contributions on church property, than our English-speaking people. but not so good on pastors' salaries.

Conclusions of the Conference A strong local leadership is abso- lutely necessary to a successful work So far as we can measure the for- among foreign-speaking groups. Staeign-language churches statistically, bility depends upon leadership. they have made encouraging progress. Whether they have now reached the The custom of some foreign-lanpeak or not, remains to be seen. They guage churches to loan their buildings are certainly facing a period of transition and deserve the continuing sym- to secular nationalistic organizations pathy and loyalty of our home mission for meetings was questioned by some, agencies. but the consensus of opinion was that it is legitimate, provided the morals Foreign language work should be and ethics of the church dominate all of at least three types – separate proceedings. They can be beneficial churches, missions in separate build- to the church, and also exert a wholeings, and departments of the Amer- some influence upon these groups. ican church. The type of church depends altogether on conditions. The There is considerable concern about church must adapt itself to its en- the ability of the foreign-language vironment. As long as the attitude of churches to hold the young people. the American church is, "we do not want these foreigners," we must have The facts in the case are not very enthese racial groups keeping by them- couraging. The consensus of opinion selves. We must promote a Christian was that the pastor is the hope in the spirit among the American churches. situation. It very largely depends We have to outgrow the day of the upon him. He must be youthful in foreign-language mission church. spirit, sincere, earnest and sympa- The unorganized neighborhood house thetic. The entire family must be or church has value and should be reached, and the church built upon a continued. This type of work has won family basis. its way, has established its place, and has served both foreign-speaking and The regular American churches are English-speaking people in both large having varying degrees of success in and small cities. Social settlements absorbing the second generation yonng have had a large influence in shaping people. Fifteen churches responded social legislation, and in changing social conditions. Christian social to the question, "What success are you centers, and other so-called institu- having in absorbing second generation tional churches, ought to be regarded young people in your regular Ameras "listening posts" and ought to have a means of communication back to the ican church?" The answers may be Church. classified as follows: Religion to be secure must be indigenous; it must grow out of the 1. Churches where children of foreign groups are practically nil and where there is no special interest in the subject.

2. Churches where the situation ob- tains to a certain degree and they are at a loss to know just what to do.

3. Churches that deal with the situa- tion through their associated or branch churches, thus relieving the main church, as they see it, from any special responsi- bility.

4. Churches, like the Madison Avenue programs of church worship, giving Presbyterian in New York City, whose much attention to the instruction of enrollment in the church school consists children in the Sunday-school, and of practically 500/0 of children born of more time to the preparation of their foreign parents (in this particular message to their people. The whole church Czecho-Slovakia) and where 500/0 question of religious educational methof the new members received into the ods and material for foreign-language church from the Sunday-school would be churches was considered of primary these chi I d r e n of Czecho-Slovakian importance, and requiring careful parents. study. The entire matter, including the question of proselyting, was re- 5. Churches, like the North Presby- ferred to a small committee for careterian Church in New York City, where ful study and for report to the Joint they have a great many children from Committee on City and New Amer- Swedish, Armenian and British parent- icans. age and non-Roman Catholic background "who have usually been assimilated as There is an increasing tendency for Americans with little or no national dis- English-speaking churches to come tinction." into some kind of relationship with the foreign-language churches. There 6. A large group of churches which, is in many places a merging of the through their Daily Vacation Bible English-speaking and the foreign- School, summer activities and Sunday- speaking churches. There is a strongly school, have a number of children whose felt need for yoked or united churches. parents are affiliated with the Roman Federation and other forms of inter- Catholic and Eastern Church report denominational adjustments looking that these children are absorbed "into toward greater efficiency and better the group of our young people as are service, were thought to be desirable. children of American parents." In a number of centers there was thought to be overlapping. By reduc- The indications are that the for- ing the number of projects and center- ing upon the more likely ones, the total eign-language work has neglected too results would be greater. This whole matter of mergers, consolidations, and much the use of literature. The federations was referred to a small committee to work out practical plans. power of the printed page, and the use READERS' COURSE of colporteurs was stressed very Pl'epared by National Committee on the strongly. The possibilities of united Cause and Cure of War. Room 1116. Grand Central Terminal Bldg., New York. work in the field of literature for for- It was agreed at the conference in eign-language groups were considered Washington last January that the Readers' Course should be continued to be great. There is need of an inter- and that as many delegates and friends of the Cause and Cure of War as posdenominational training school for sible should be urged to join in the reading. workers a m 0 n g foreign – speaking In view of the fact that the London groups and especially for the training Naval Conference succeeded in getting a treaty on disarmament, that a Comof colporteurs. Interdenominational mittee of Preparation for Disarma- ment under the League of Nations is bi-lingual papers are very much considering a program for another Commission on Disarmament, and that needed. the outcome of these two efforts has Social programs for foreign-lan- clearly shown that disarmament is a guage groups and churches are abso- lutely essential and should be pro- moted. Religion is a spirit that can be communicated, passed from one per- son to another, and the social ap- proach to boys and girls permeated by the Christian spirit is essential.

The present immigration situation is producing important changes in programs. Pastors are giving more emphasis to the distinctively religious phases of their work. A pastor said, "Ten years ago I had to teach English, but now I can spend my evenings in prayer-meetings, and more time can be given to religion." They are study- ing programs of religious education,

measure difficult of accomplishment Selected Article8 on DisarmrLment and yet imperative in its need if the compiled by Mary Katherine Reely. H. world is to achieve peace, it seems W. Wllson, 960 University Avenue, New very important that we should under- York. $2.25. stand the problem of disarmament better than any of us do. The Pact of Paris compiled by James Thayer Gerould. H. W. Wilson. $2.40. Therefore, we shall devote the Conference in January, 1931, mainly to Reference Shelf-DisrLrmrLment comthe question vf Disarmament and de- piled by Julia E. Johnson. H. W. Wilvote the first section of the Reading son. 90c. Course to Disarmament. The World Court (History, Organiza- SECTION I tion and Work); also The World Court, Fifty Questions Answered, and accom- Section II will appear in a later REVIEW. panying leaflet. The American Founda- tion, 565 Fifth Avenue, New York. Free. CODlpulsory Reading Course The Root Formu/rL rLnd the World No one can take this course and say she Court. National League of Women Vothas completed it unless she has read these ers, 1015 Grand Central Terminal Bldg., books. It is the only list that is compulsory, New York. 10c. hut the three books it contains must be read. Tbe total cost is a little more tban $5.30. United States and The World Court by Philip C. Jessup. World Peace Foun- Navies and Nations by Hector C. By- dation, 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, water. Houghton, Mifflin Co., 386 Fourth Mass. $2. Avenue, New York (1927). $4. A discount of 50c may be deducted if ordered The World Court, If1f!f!-lf1fUJ, by Manthrough the National Committee on the ley O. Hudson. World Peace Founda- Cause and Cure of War, checks made tion, 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, Mass. payable to that Committee. $1.75.

America'8 Naval Challenge by Fred- THE PEACE MOVEMENT IN erick Moore. Macmillan, 60 Fifth Avenue, New York. $1.50. CANADA Naval DisarmrLm,ent by Hugh Latimer. By HELEN M. STRACHAN A brief record from the Washington Conference to date. Royal Institute of In the promotion of peace through International Affairs, Chatham House, the League of Nations, the Churches St. James Square, London, S. W. 1 of Canada have played a large part by (1930). A limited number may be had keeping before their members the of the Council of Foreign Relations, 25 West 43d Street, New York. $1. aims and ideals of the League. The Women's Missionary Societies of a Light Reading number of the churches are also vitally interested. The Woman's Mis- Issued in form of stories, the object of which sionary Society of the Presbyterian is to make the readers desire to join the forces Church in Canada is a corporate memof peace. These three light reading books, which it would be a pity not to have read, ber of the League of Nations Society cost $7.50. in Canada, and our women are there- fore closely allied with this greatest German Students' War Letters by modern movement for the peace of the Philip Witkop. Translated from original world. This Society, by lectures and edition by A. Bredd. E. P. Dutton, 286 literature, extends the knowledge of Fourth Avenue, New York. $3. the League's doings and publishes the Interdependence monthly. This infor- The Wet Flanders Plain by Henry Williamson. Read and join the crusade. mation is given to our women through E. P. Dutton. $2. the medium of our missionary mag- azine. StepdrLughters of War by H. Z. Smith. Not nice reading. "Savage and unsenti- Another interesting movement has mental." E. P. Dutton. $2.50. been the formation of a Canadian branch of the World Alliance for the Reference Books promotion of International Friendship through the Churches. The Alliance Certain reference books are added with the has its branches all through the Conrequest that these books shall be secured by your library or by someone in your group who tinent and Britain. With this Canawill serve as volunteer librarian for the read- dian Branch are connected the Angliing group in your town. Two are compilations on Disarmament j one is a compilation on thp Pact of Paris; several are on The World Court, anyone or more of which may be srlected. 'l'hey are especially good for sDeakers, debaters, essayists, or for other utilitarian needs.

can Church, the Baptists of Ontario, WHAT SHALL OUR POLICY BE? Quebec and the Maritimes, the United Church, the Presbyterian Church, the By OWEN D. YOUNG Salvation Army and the Quakers. Among its activities are included an When our political policy in interinterchange of preachers in many of national affairs becomes cooperative the border cities of the United States in spirit, which need not involve us in and Canada, and the observance of the entanglements or alliances; when our Sunday before Christmas, on which economic policy looks to the economic prayers are said for the promotion of development of the world as a whole peace and goodwill. and the improvement of living stand- ards everywhere; when our tariffs There is also in Toronto the Inter- and our treaties are made to evidence Church Committee of the League of this spirit (because we are under ,sus- Nations, a woman's organization com- picion now); then we may hope for prising not only the women of the effective plans for farm relief, for re- Protestant Churches but of the Jewish duction of 'our surplus of raw materiand Catholic faiths. Frequent meet- als and manufactured goods, for relief ings are held during the year, when of unemployment, and for-what is addresses are given to stimulate the most important of all-a better spirit attitude of church women against ag- of all nations towards us and towards gressive war, and to bring before each other. That means peace, and them what is 'being done by the wom- peace thrives in a world of contenten of other countries in the interest ment and mutual welfare. It cannot of peace. live in a world or in a nation where there are great inequalities and in- The interest of our Canadian church justices caused by man-made barriers. women was quickened last year by the appointment of Dr. Caroline Mac- What shall our policy be? Whatdonald to the Labor Conference at ever it is, it must be a large and all- Geneva, as interpreter and general as- embracing one. We cannot have a sistant to the Labor Delegate from world-wide economic program if it is Japan, and her report on her return to be defeated by a narrow political at a public meeting under the auspices policy. It does no good for businesses of the Inter-Board Committee. Dr. to send their representatives to for- Macdonald carries on in Tokyo a large eign countries to sell our surplus work among prisoners and girls in in- goods if, politically, we ruthlessly ofdustry. She is called by the Japanese fend the very customers they are tryan ambassador of good will between ing to create. We may tax ourselves the two nations. Two of the Woman's in huge amounts to buy a farm sur- Missionary Societies of Canada give plus, but we will have t() move it out grants to this work. That a Canadian of America or that program will fail. woman should be chosen to interpret After all, the consuming power of the for a foreign power at a gathering world has to be raised but little to which was striving to relieve in all take care of the surpluses which cause nations the misunderstanding between so much disaster to ourselves. capital and labor and help usher in a new and better day in industry, was We, more than anyone in the world, a tribute to Christian missions. need an era of good feeling, not only in our own country but elsewhere. I Believing, as we do, that world beg the leaders both in politics and friendship and prevention of misunder- economics to cultivate it. He who standings among nations is one of the makes bad feelings at home or abroad chief concerns of Christian churches, is not only a destroyer of our proswho represent on earth the Prince of perity today, but he will be the cause Peace, we can do nought else as church of far worse things tomorrow. Amerwomen but throw our whole might ica has no use, nor has the world, for into the promotion of peace. professional manufacturers of bad will.

Visitors corne from the remotest

Roman Catholics Gain in China of the country, and the most inacces- sible parts of the province. RECEIPT of an official report of the apostolic delegate to China show- Last spring an exhibition dealing ing a total membership in the Roman with improved agricultural methods Catholic Church in China of 2,473,619, and village life was visited by over an increase of 47,637 last year, was fifty thousand people, while nearly five announced May 13. thousand students of the local G'Overn- ment scho'Ols carne in relays. The report, made public by the Rev. James G. Keller, superior of the Mary- The Institute is taking a part in knoll Junior Seminary at Los Altos, the nati'On-wide movement against California, showed that, aside from illiteracy, and schools for both boys the regular. clergy there are nine and girls are operating regularly. Chinese bishops, 1,371 Chinese priests, Sunday-schools of three grades meet more than 5,000 Chinese nuns, and on Sundays, in which a total enrolment approximately 4,000 Chinese young of 250 is now recorded. – Missionary men preparing f'or the priesthood.- Herald.

New York Times.

A Legation Stair Observer on the Child Slave. of C:hina China Famine F D OR many years Mrs. F. J. Dymond R. CLAUDE BUSS of the staff of has been doing a splendid work on the American Legation in Peiping behalf of the child slaves of South- recently traveled into one of the West China. famine sections with John Earl Baker, director 'Of the China International In the Preface to her book, "Yun- Famine Relief Commission to investinan," Mrs. Dymond quotes from a gate famine conditions in places where League of Nations publication the there are no roads or railroads and to statement that there are three mil- ascertain how the contributions from lion child slaves in China. She fears America for famine sufferers could that of the eighteen provinces of best be used. He writes: China, Yunnan has the largest propor- tion. She does not mince her words Oh! The sights in the famine area! in showing what this traffic in slaves Beggars everywhere, homes with roofs means. In "Yunnan," Mrs. Dymond torn off to provide fuel, corpses always does not deal exclusively with this naked, lying by the side of the road to problem, but gives vivid word-pictures provide food for dogs and flies. Every- 'Of this part of the country where she body lean and haggard for lack of food. has spent so many years.-Missionary One old man so far gone we gave him Echo. money to buy a meal but he didn't want it. Not enough energy left to even want. The Institute at Tsinanfu He fell down and practically died at our feet. Swollen ankles from weak hearts, T HE people visit the Institute in as swollen stomachs from eating poisonous large numbers as ever. Rarely do weeds-such is a famine region. And the figures fall below 400,000 an- even :worse, every house is a nest of lice, nually, which is about equal to .the scorpiOns and bugs. The bites of these whole population of Tsinanfu cIty. insects spread plague and typhus. Two gwleaedksI wofasthtaot,geatndhoymoeu.~cLaenttimeragtoineChhionwa Famine Relief.

779

Girls School at Shnntefn He attended the L. M. S. schools, first in Peiping and afterwards in Tientsin, OVER the entrance of the mission where he studied theology under Dr. sch{)ol for girls at Shuntefu, Jonathan Lees. In later life he seized China, is thi,s significant title, in various opportunities for fuller edu- Chinese characters, translated liter- cation, taking a two years' course of ally, "Refining furnace pure character study in Bible Training Institute, female learning school." The happy Glasgow, and spending another two in girls I saw inside were a good ex- America at Columbia University and hibit of the effect of the pure char- the Union Theological College. He reacter training they were receiving. ceived his D.D. from Toronto and was One feature of the school is very prac- the first Chinese to become a Doctor tical. Simple living I'ooms fitted up of Divinity of a western university. as a home are located near the gate apart from the dormitory. Here When the China Continuation Comgroups of four girls, two ()lder and mittee was formed II>S the result of two younger ones, live together under Dr. Mott's visit to the Far East, he supervision of the faculty, with full became its Chinese secretary, and reresponsibility for the housekeeping. moved to Shanghai. As is well known, They must buy their food, cook it, the National Christian Council a few serve it, keep the accounts, and attend years later succeeded t{) this committo all other h{)usekeeping duties for tee. When this hapened, Dr. Cheng a month at Ii time. In this way they passed from the secretaryship of the learn by doing, and their own homes one to that of the other, and still later will be the better managed for retains that position. such training.-Letter from George H. Trull,. He presided over the N~tional Christian Conference in 1922, that C. Y. Cheng, Great Chinese Leader epoch-making occasion on which half of the thousand delegates were Chi- OF THOSE who recently crowded nese, and in the various committees the City Temple on the occasion the proportion was far larger. of the annual sermon of the London Missionary Society, a few, no doubt, In 1927 he was appointed the first were present at the Edinburgh Con- Moderator of the Church of Christ in ference twenty years ago. These will China. The following year he reprehave recalled the impression that C. sented his country at the International Y. Cheng made as a young man at Christian Council in Jerusalem, and that historic meeting. took a prominent part in its proceed- ings. He is a vice-chairman of the Since then he hll>s grown steadily International Missionary Council, repin power and influence, and is to-day resenting practically all {)f the Protone of the greatest Christian forces estant missions in the world. The in his own country, and highly re- high positions that have been accorded garded by the universal Church. Dr. to him are an indication of the fact Mott has repeatedly referred to him as that he is universally regarded as a "the great prophet of China." great spiritual force.-Christine I. Tinling, in The Christian, London. The London Missionary Society claims him as it.s own, and certainly GENERAL has every right to be proud of him as one of its "old boys." Dr. Cheng's The Patriarch of Alexandria father was a pastor in Peiping under that mission for a quarter of a cen- MELETIUS, the Ecumenical Patritury. arch of Alexandria, was one of the notable figures at the Lambeth Little Ching-Vi was baptized when Conference. He is {)ne of the besthe WII>S five years old, and grew up in known characters in the whole orthoa home fragrant with holy influences. dox communion. Greek by birth, he

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first rose to importance as Archbishop congregation which gathered there for of the Church of Cyprus, and a politi- worship and went out from there for cal colleague of Venizelos, by wh()m vital Christian service. Words that he was drawn to the throne of Athens. he has recently spoken may wi,sely be At the next vacancy of the patriarchal pondered by his brother ministers throne, the influence of that states- throughout the country. "People," he man, then as now dominant in Greek has said, "are tired on Sunday. They life, procured his election to Constan- have seen enough shows through the tinople. week. They have had all the enter- taining they care for. What they want As Patriarch he was a leader in the on the Lord's day is a quiet conversavarious reforms that the best men in tion with an earnest-minded man who the Orthodox Church then saw to be is interested in the high things of the needful. But when the Turk came spirit and who knows how to interpret back he was one of the immediate ob- the words of Jesus and the signs of jects of their vengeance. Soldiers the times. Declamation is a bore, orawere sent to arrest him. A telephone tory is an offense, fireworks of every message to the British embassy sort are an impertinence. but a quiet brought down a boat crew on the in- talk on the deep things of God is alstant, and they found the prelate ac- ways strengthening and healing. A tually being forced into the motor preacher who is content to speak in car which was to take him into a cap- everyday language to his people Suntivity where he would have vanished day after Sunday about Jesus Christ, forever. The sailors prevented the and the application of Christian ideas arrest, thereby undoubtedly saving to their personal experiences and to his life, but the Turks were able to the problems of their generati()n, can insist on his resignation of the see, be 'interesting and fresh at the end of and he retired to a monastery on thirty years."-Christian Century. Mount Athos. Thence he was summoned to the throne of Alexandria, Dr. Bowie on Marriage from which he is the ruler of all Orthodox in Africa, including the con- I T IS time that Christian ministers siderable body at such centers as Jo- should recognize the danger of behannesburg. All men would agree he coming mere adjuncts to a social funcis one of the most forceful characters tion and should become increasingly in the Orthoaox episcopate of the day, the priests and interpreters of God's and a prelate whose career has a note meaning for marriage. There ought of the picturesque and the adventur- to be a difference between religious ous that is not too common in this marriage and nonreligious marriage. century.-Living Church. There 'ought to be a difference between Christian marriage and marriage Dr. Jelrerson Leaves the Broadway which is entered into with no thought of the spirit of Christ. If men and Tabernaele women come to the church to be mar- ried, then they ought to desire not DR. CHARLES E. JEFFERSON simply that the church shall solemnize has preached his last serm()n as the marriage ceremony, but that it pastor of the Broadway Tabernacle, should contribute its continuing in- New York City. With the end of that spiration t'O their married life. pastorate there comes to a close one of the most influential ministries in the Our new standards for marriage at history of the American pulpit. For Grace Church are not conceived in any thirty years Dr. Jefferson has been spirit of compulsion. We are not unpreaching in the great church which qualifiedly asking that women and men stands so close to the business center should "join" a Christian church. We of the metropolis. And for thirty hope they will join one, in full status years that church has been filled, not as Christian communicants, but we with curiosity seekers, but with a real

recognize that this may involve quell- the Theological Faculty of the Uni- tions of creed and other difficulties of versity at Zurich. A professorship adjustment which cannot be pledged was granted to him after only three in advance. What we do ask is that years of academic work at the unithey shall "seek to associate themselves versity because of his distinguished for worship and fellowship with a pioneer work in the field of interna- Christian church in the community tional Christian cooperation. where they reside." If they do not want this, there is no reason why they In the document pertaining to the should come to the church to be mar- professorship, the University empharied; and, if they do want it, there is sizes the fact that through his work every reas'on why we of the church on behalf of the Stockholm and Laushould help them to find it.-From a sanne Conferences and their Continusermon by the Rev. W. Russell Bowie, ation Committee·s, and his directorship D.D., Rector of Grace Prtotestant Epis- of the International Social Christian copal Church, New York. Institute, he is in the happy position of standing in the very center of the Gifts for Religion Lead most important theological and eccle- siastical movements, and is thus able THE strength of religious sentiment to lead his ,students into the newly in the United States is reflected in created "ecumenical theology" which the fact that special gifts to religion concerns itself with the points of simled all other objects of philanthropy ilarity in the conception of the Gospel in 1929. The exact figures, as re- among the Christian Churches as well ported by the John Price Jones Cor- as with the weighty social and ethical poration, are: Religion, $996,300,000; problems of present-day Christianity. education, $467,500,000; gifts for personal charity, $279,760,000; organized The Lambeth Resolves charitable relief, $278,710,000; health, $221,510,000; foreign relief, $132,- T HERE were great searchings of 000,000; the fine arts, $40,000,000;· heart at the Lambeth Conference. play and recreation, $20,900,000; mis- And there were great resolves of cellaneous reform organizations, $14,- heart, chief of which was that "the 040,000. It might further be noted Christian Church of every nation that of the funds given for education shQuld refuse to countenance any war a large proportion went to church col- in regard to which the government leges, and that the inspiration for the of its own country ,has Jlot declared $558,000,000 given to charity had its its willingness to submit the matter rise in fundamentally religious im- in dispute to arbitration." If this pulses. Directly or indirectly, religion were lived up to by all the members operated more powerfully on American of that particular Church around the pursestrings than any other one in- globe, and they were joined by all the fluence. It obviously remains a much members of the other Christian stronger influence in our national life Churches, the end of war would be than may be inferred from certain assured. critics of the organized churches, 'or from the observations of circles indif- A citizen following this "resolve" ferent to the subject.-C h r is t ian would have normal and spiritual au- Standard. thority of the highest character for refusing to go to war if his country Swiss Government Honors Dr. Keller refused to take the preliminary step toward peace. This reservati-on would DR. ADOLF KELLER, the Federal carry national patriotism into a higher Council's special representative level than that which often prevails in Europe, wa,s recently the recipient in times of great emotional exciteof a very unusual honor, bestowed on ment. The position taken by the conhim by the Swiss Government through ference offers a challenge to every government that has entered into the

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pact for the. pacific settl~n:ent of in- and social injustice, all sectarianism and ternational dlsputes. Indlvlduals have Protestant division, all lawlessness and dared to go so far under the prompt- selfish nationalism and all attacks on the ings of their own consciences. But movement toward disarmament.-New this is the unanimous pronouncem~nt York Times. of a body of Bishops representmg their constituents in practically all the LATIN AMERICA countries of the earth. Indian Facts Other resolves relate to matters of more intimate concern to the family REV. W. CAMERON TOWNSEND, life and to individual faith……. But of the Central American Mission, out of all the disquieting perplexities submits the following facts concerning which have confronted the Church in modern society, it ri·ses with un- Indians in the Americas: . dimmed faith and confident hope, asserting that with the help of science There are 500 or more Indian Ian" it is' now able to trace "a continuous process of creative development ~t guages spoken in Latin America which every stage of which we find the ~I­ vine Presence and power." Scientific have not been reduced to writing. thinking has given back to us a sense of reverence for a Creator who is Many of these Indian tribes live in ~he "always and everywhere active within the universe."-New York Times. almost inaccessible fastnesses of m- terior South America. Some of them have never been visited by the white man.

Definite effort is being made by various pioneer missionary agencies to reach these scattered peoples, but the need has not begun to be met.

Christian Endeavor-Berlin Meeting Protestantism in Argentina T HE last day of the eighth World I N ARGENTINA we are being con- Chri·stian Endeavor Congress was fronted with the immigration prob- marked by services in nearly all the lem. Up to within ten years, most of Berlin churches to which the dele- our immigration came from the South gates from forty"two nations. thr?nged of Europe, but now we are getting and by an enthusiastic meetmg m the people from the north: Germans, evening, the closing session of the Poles, Czechoslovaks, etc. A great congress, to which more than 15,000 many of them are Protestants. Years came to take leave of one another and ago, when the Argentine Gover.nme~t repledge themselves to carry on ~he took the census of its populatIon, It work of the society in their respective invariably announced the number of lands. Catholics and Protestants to be found within its territory; but they no Dr. Daniel A. Poling, president of longer do that.. The Protestant popthe World Christian Endeavor Union, ulation has increased tremendously said: within these last years.-Bible Society Record. We have opened a new epoch in the youth movement of the Ch!"isti.an C~urc?, Venezuela to Pay Off Its Debt I believe. Our organizatlOn IS actIve m 112 lands. Eighty thousand one hundred A NEW day.of celebrating.a nationand seven societies are reported. al histone event has Just been adopted by Venezuela. That country, Germany's welcome to this army of to commemorate the 100th anniver- Christian Endeavor members has been sary of the establishment of its indespontaneous and unqualified. Ever~­ pendence from Spanish rule, which where we have been treated well. PresI- took place under the leadership of dent von Hindenhurg's w~lcome an.d ~ur Bolivar, has decided during the year talk with him were partICularly sIgnIfi- to payoff its entire national debt of cant. His life motto, "Ora et Labora" $4,700,000. [worship and work], became the convention message.

In the final hour of dedication these representatives of 4,000,000 yo,ung peol?le vowed themselves against all mter-raclal

University of Mexico more tourists to this island of en- chantment. A very fine purpo.se ….. . THE National University of Mexico However, there is one feature of its was originally founded under papal program with which the writer is sanction in 1553 by decree of Philip completely out of harmony. In its or- II of Spain. It claims to be the oldest ganization meeting the leader, amid university in the Western Hemisphere, hearty amens from those about him, antedating the founding of Harvard said: "This publicity about homeless College by eighty-six years. It has p;ople, hungry and naked children, had a long and varied history, and is Sickness and neglect must be stopped. now independent alike of ecclesiastical We must allow nothing but that which as well as political control, although in is rose tinted and good to be said about part receiving its support from the our island." No doubt his purpose is revenues of the Republic. The Pre·si- good, but his judgment is bad. That dent of the United States of Mexico is one of the thi'ngs which has held and other high officers are ex-officio Porto Rico back for so long. It has members of its board of trustees, the not been willing to face right up to majority of whom are elected from the its shortcomings and its needs. Percitizenry of the Republic, the faculty, haps the greatest thing which Gov. and in part from the students. Its Theodore Roosevelt did for Porto Rico present official title is "Universidad was to place its actual conditions be- Nacional Autonoma de Mexico." There fore the people of the United States. are nine thousand students and well Porto Rico is definitely a part of the organized departments of study and United States of America. Her citiresearch in the various sciences, in- zens are citizens of the nation. A weak cluding the Instituto de Biologia and spot here is a weak spot in the nation. the National Museum of Natural His- Dying children, nakedness, and starvatory.-W. J. Holland, in The Carnegie tion here mean that we are permitting Magazine. such conditions under our ·own flag, among ,our own citizens. Porto Rico Cuba did not ask to become a part of the United States. We took the island by EXTENSIVE public works have armed force. We must now see that its been initiated involving the ex- people have a chance to become healthy, penditure of more than one hundred strong, constructive, happy citizens. million dollars of public funds. A Porto Rico is indeed one of the most magnificent new highway, extending beautiful spots in the world. It has through the island for more than 800 one of the most wonderful climates mile.s, is now in process of construc- …… No citizen of the United States tion and will probably be completed in who ventures out on the sea in boats 1933. A new capitol building has re- should fail to spend a few weeks in cently been erected at an expenditure Porto Rico. At the same time, no one of approximately sixteen million dol- should come expecting to find it perlars. Cuba is a land of great natural fect. The per capita wealth in Porto resources, under-populated, ideally lo- Rico is only $182, as compared to $1,- cated, and its future prosperity should 123 in the United States. To those not be without a reasonable solution. who have a little imagination this fact As in all such instances, this is a time will reveal a lot.-C. Manly Morton, in when unselfish leadership is being The Christian Century. tested.-Annual Report Presbyterian Board of National Missions. Government Schools in Mexico Porto Rico Seeks Tourists ONE of the characteristics of the present movement in Mexico is PORTO RICO SERVICE, INC., has that of the spread of education. The been organized. Its .purpose is to Department of the Federal Governso advertise Porto Rico as to attract

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ment has been establishing rural to accommodate the increasing popuschools in every state of the Republic. lation at home. Japan's principal food Besides, every state and town is doing supply will certainly run short, if her something to establish and support population should continue to increase schools for the benefit of the children and her surplus popUlation should not of the country. There is at present be afforded an exit. an army of 35,000 teachers engaged in the educatiQn of the youth in Certain members of the Population Mexico. There are more than 1,400,- and Foodstuff Research Committee in 000 children enrolled in all the schools, Tokyo have been advocating the diverwhich shows the largest number ever sion of unemployed at home to South receiving an education in Mexico. America and the South Seas. But emigration without subsequent finan- The present administration headed cial aid has brought about difficulties by President Ortiz Rubio has in- in South America. The South Seas creased the approprIation for the declare that they are at present un- Department of Education and the de- able to receive Japanese unemployed. partment in charge of this important Litemry Digest. branch of the government is busy distributing that money in new schools, A Japanese Pastor's Library estabJi.shed wherever they are most needed.-Andres Osuna, in The Mis- WE VISITED one day a little stasionary Voice. tion which was opened years ago at Kashiwakubo, some two hours dis- JAPAN-KOREA tant from Tokyo. Nowhere else in the world have I seen such constant Growth of Tokyo beauty of landscape as greets one here. On every side were hills covered I N THE five years between the great with fine trees vi dense foliage; here earthquake and fire in Tokyo, of and there was a rushing mountain September, 1923, and December, 1928, stream and mile after mile, as we the population of Tokyo grew seven travelled along a winding road, now hundred thousand to a total of 2,218,- dipping into valleys, now going by 400. In this vast city there are 115 tunnel straight through the heart of churches, of which about twenty-five some mountain, there was no lessenare parishes and missions of the Nip- ing of the grandeur of nature on every pon Sei Kokwai. Of the other two side. faiths recognized by Japan as being principal religions of the empire, The neat little church of Kashi- Shintoism has 232 shrines, and Bud- wakubo stands on a bluff commanding dhism has 1,082 great temples.-Spirit a view f'Or miles over the country side of Missions. and directly in front, perhaps twenty- five miles distant, towers Fuji itself. Japan Growing a Million a Year Surely the pastor here must have con- -stant inspiration for his task. He and ONE million new Japanese every a number 'Of his congregation were year have mouths to be fed, and assembled to greet us and we had a need shelter and clothing. Japan has very pleasant time with them, drinka population about half that of the ing tea which had been prepared from United States, concentrated in an area the leaves of the tea tree in the pasabout the size of Texas. How the tor's own garden. resources of the country are to meet this problem is an ever-recurring puz- A glance at the library of this paszle to Japanese officials and scientific tor was revealing. This was a small authorities. rural church, yet here, as everywhere we went, we found well-trained college Just now this question is more acute graduates taking up the task of the because, as long as the business de- ministry. These are some of the pression continues, there is no room books which we found in his library: 5

Harnack: What Is Christianity? boards grant annually about 1,900,000 McGiffert: Prote'stant Thought Be- yen, and the native churches con- fore Kant. tribute about 1,300,000 yen. There are E. C. Moore: Protestant Thought 3,300 church buildings, and 3,800 Since Kant. other places where Christian services H. R. Mackintosh: The Originality are held. The total member,ship is of the Christian Message. 108,000 and adherents estimated at James Moffat: The Theology of the about 220,000. Of Sunday-schools Gospels. there are 4,000, with 15,000 teachers, W. R. lnge: Christian Mysticism. and 185,000 pupils attending. In edu- T. R. Glover: Jesus ,of History. cation there are 400 sch'Ools for boys, P. T. Forsyth: Positive Preaching with 1,000 teachers and 30,000 pupils; and the Modern Mind. 170 for girls, with 580 teachers, and James Denney: Jesus and the Gos- 14,000 pupils; and about 200 mixed pel. primary schools with 500 teachers and James Orr: Revelation and Inspira- 9,000 pupils. Of kindergartens there tion. are 170, with 330 teachers, and about Otto: The Idea of the Holy. 7,000 children. There are also 22 hos- This was not an isolated instance pitals and 25 dispensaries, and 68 as we found similarly well-stocked li- medical missionaries in service. braries elsewhere in small rural fields. It is a matter of deep encouragement Korean Christian Activities that the Church in Japan possesses the spirit of independence and that there I N ANY summary, mention should is also a highly trained, thoughtful, be made of ,several special institureading ministry. Possibly the second tions. The missions conduct three fact is partly accountable for the first. leper colonies with about 880 inmates With these two elements in the situa- in each; there are two Union Christion, we have cause for real confidence tian Colleges and three Theological in the future of the Church of Christ Seminaries; a Christian Literature in Japan.~Dr. F. M. Potter, in Chris- Society that publishes nearly 80,000,- tian lntelligencer. 000 pages per year; a Bible House that has put in circulation copies of Ohristian Progress in Korea the Scriptures during the eighteen years of its existence; a Y. M. C. A., I T WAS not until 1885 that organ- that in addition to its city student and ized and de5nite eff,orts were made rural work, has an industrial departto establish the Christian Church in ment which has printing presses that Korea. That year saw the coming of now do most of the work that was representatives of both the Presby- formerly sent to Yokohama before the terian and the Methodist Churches 1923 earthquake; a Sunday-School and marks the real beginning of Prot- Association whose work covers all estant work. The progress made dur- Korea and yearly puts into circulation ing these intervening forty-five years a great volume of its own special is most impres,sive, as will be seen by books and publications; the Union following present-day figures. Christian Hospital at Pyeng-yang, and the world-famous Severance Union Of the total of 474 foreign mission- Medical Oollege with its associated aries, 88 men and 77 women are en- hospital; and a Woman's College-the gaged in evangelistic work; 31 men only school of this grade in Korea. and 53 women in education; 33 men The Christian Church and its accomand 35 women in medical work; 10 panying activities are well established in miscellaneous lines (agriculture, in this land, and are functioning in etc.); and the balance of 147 are fitting way.s as can be seen from the wives, most of whom are active as- above condensed sketch.-Congrega- ,sistants in the whole program. tionalist.

For the work in hand the several

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AFRICA schools in Kenya. Already thirty-three teachers have finished the supervis{)r Airships in Christian Serviee course and forty-seven more are under instruction at the Kenya school. Those A CHAIN of first-class airdromes has who have finished go out to the vil- been laid out across Africa from lages through the country, helping the Cape to Cairo. Dr. Robert P. both teachers and schools by giving Wilder, missionary secretary in the them the basic methods of teaching Near East, flew recently from Bushire and starting them on local projects inin Arabia to Cairo, 1,098 miles, in sev- cluding hygiene, sanitation, agriculenteen hours, saving in that way eight ture, home construction, school crafts days of land travel. The Australian and recreation. Inland Mission of the Presbyterian Church sends doctors and nurses by A return of these supervisors every air to isolated sick settlers, often year or two for several weeks of rebringing back patients to a base hos- newed instruction is a part of the pital. Mrs. Osborn says in The Pres- Jeanes system of training. byterian Magazine: "It is only four hours at the outside limit before help Madigas Revival can arrive for a sufferer. Instead of a terrible j'ourney from water-hole to I N THE Canadian Mission Revival, water-hole under blazing sun, the trav- as significant a phase as any is the eling is now done by doctors and movement of the Madigas to Christ nurses who are notified by radio. A in the northern fields, long counted properly equipped airplane ambulance unfruitful. This Madiga community takes the skilled as'sistant to the res- was the one most largely gathered in cue." The expenses of this service are by the great mass movements radiatlargely paid by a bequest of the Aus- ing from Ongole, and it ·still constitralian harvester manufacturer, Hugh tutes about ninety-five per cent of the Victor McKay. 93,768 church members in the A. B. Telugu Mission today. The rural Alongside 'Of this relief work is a Madiga movement has a persistent splendid system for sending religious element of weakness in the extreme and general literature to isolated set- poverty of those involved. But there tlers; and itinerant preachers now are great elements of strength as well. itinerate by airplane. So the old order The Gospel makes almost a clean changes giving us in anticipation a sweep of them as it moves through picture of the acceleration which is them in a region. They have staying coming in the witness to the Gospel in powers of the greatest value. Their alliands.-S. S. Times. humility in learning and their will- ingness, when lead, to make great sac- Ea,st Africa rifices for education, and progress are beyond praise. THE development of the Jeanes schools is the most {)utstanding in- The American Baptist Mission, toformation about this section of Africa. gether with the Anglican, Lutheran, The Jeanes system of supervisor London Congregational, Mennonite teachers, so effective in the improve- and Canadian Baptist Missions, have ment of rural Negro schools in Amer- shared in the steady expansion of this ica, offers the best suggestions for Madiga movement northward and conditions as they are found in Africa. westward. And now a new and mighty The Phelps Stokes Commission, after movement is sweeping them in by a study of education in East Africa hundreds in the extreme north of the in 1924, established five of these Telugu area. The significance is vast. Jeanes schools in carefully selected We know full well the ills of unshepareas of East and South Africa. The herded converts. Yet we cannot for- Carnegie Foundation, about four years bear expressing the opinion that the ago, established another of these danger of throttling a great move-

ment, and of making la,sting hostility NORTH AMERICA to the Kingdom by refusing baptisms because workers are lacking, seems Protestant Social Work far greater than the dangers from believers being unshepherded for a time. H W. HOPKIRK of the Child Wel- -Baptist Missionary Review. • fare League of America recently gathered statistic,s upon the number Restraint on Christian Inquirers of hospitals, homes and other institu- tions maintained by the Protestant AN EXAMPLE of the way in which churches, for the Federal Council of ft progress is sometimes discour- Churches. The following data are taken from his report: aged for lack of sufficient workers, comes in a letter to the Church Mis- Within the United States the Protsionary Society from the Rev. W. J. estant churches support more than 340 Payne, of Benin, West Africa. Some hospitals or sanitaria, 310 homes for Urhobos asked him to visit them and the aged and 400 institutions for chilto send them a teacher. At that time dren or child placing agencies. There there was no teacher available to send. is considerable variation in the extent When some months later Mr. Payne to which particular institutions give visited the place, he found that the preference for admission to individuals people had built a church, and the con- of their own communion. About onegregation numbered over fifty. They half the homes for the aged specify had provided themselves with a that they will take only, or give prefteacher, and subsequently this young erence to, applicants who are members man was formally appointed to take of the denomination sponsoring the charge of the church and school. home. But most Protestant church "When I paid them a second visit," hospitals and institutions for children writes Mr. Payne, "the number attend- do not have such a policy. Frequently ing church had nearly doubled, so that an institution for children draws a it is now necessary for them to en- majority of its population from familarge their church. The difficulty is lies of the communion supporting it, that so many want to learn for baptism but quite often, as is true of church that it is almost impossible for one hospitals, the majority of those under lad to teach them." And the narrative care are of other faiths. ends not with the words: "So I sent a second teacher," but: "So I had to ad- Of the organizations caring for chilvise him to reduce the number pre- dren, most are institutions for the. deparing for baptism." pendent and neglected, often known as orphanages, orphans' homes or chil- Sanitary Engineer for Liberia dren's homes. A few institutions and child placing agencies specialize in THROUGH the liberality of the the care of cripples, epileptics, chil- Board of Foreign Missions of the dren with behavior problems, or con- United Lutheran Church in America valescents. But for the most part the a sanitary engineer will be sent to service is not specialized. Probably Monrovia, Liberia, West Africa, to seventy per cent of the institutional combat the encroachment of yellow and child placing service under Protfever in that country. The Liberian estant church auspices is carried on Government will contribute $15,000 without the benefit,s of social case annually to the mission board's $7,500 work. toward a sanitary department. By special arrangement with the United Those institutions which add case States Department of State an engi- work to their programs usually find it neer will be sent out from the office of desirable to diversify their programs the Surgeon General of the U. S. Pub- so to allow a child to receive foster lic Health Service.-American Friend. home care or mother's aid if -such service seems desirable, thus reserv- ing the facilities of the institution for those in need of institutional care.

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Hard Experiences in Alaska mail boat was just a scow and we I N JANUARY, 1929, Miss Helen were overcrowded. We certainly en- Lambert, the nurse at Allakaket, joyed our beds at the mission after Alaska, was severely burned through sleeping on the floor for a week."- the explosion of a can of gasoline. The Living Church.

Allakaket is -one of the most distant and isolated mission posts in Alaska. A University for Pacific Coast Coun- It is entirely without medical facili- tries T ties except those supplied by Miss HE University of California has embarked upon an enterprise of Lambert herself. The nearest hospital is the government railroad hospital at education that has no parallel, for the Nenana, more than 300 miles away. opportunity has never existed before.

Miss Lambert and her feUowworker, It is gathering its component institu- Miss Thompson, were finally carried to tions into a strong federation with Nenana by airplane. Bishop Rowe two clear purposes: first, to increase arranged for Miss Lambert to come to the highest degree its service 00 to the United States for treatment and American scholarship; second, to reach Miss Thompson was assigned to Ne- out to all those shores washed by the nana. waters of the Pacific Ocean. Its geo- This necessary arrangement, much graphical position, as well as the re- to Bishop Rowe's distress, left Alla- lationships that are naturally taking kaket uncared for. He finally a,sked form, will bring to it students from Miss Amy Hill, who put in three fruit- all Asia and much of South America.

ful years of work at Allakaket before Already the number of students her assignment to Anvik, to return to from Pacific lands is large, and there the former post in company with a new is now being built upon the campus at recruit, Miss Estelle Wilcox, a teacher. Berkeley an International House, made The uncertainties of Alaskan travel possible by the generosity of John D.

are well illustrated by Mj.ss Hill's ex- Rockefeller, Jr. A thing of beauty, perience. She left Anvik, about 500 Spanish in architecture and equipped miles west of Nulato, August 19, to to give comfortable and cheerful hous- make connections with a mail boat due ing to 331 men and 115 women, Inter- to go up the Koyukuk August 26. Ow- national House will speak the word ing to an accident to one of the river Welcome to the thousands 'of students steamers all schedules were disar- studying in the University. One ranged and Miss Hill found herself fourth of the residents in this house -obliged to wait at Nulato for two will be "Americans," and through this weeks. It is one of the most unat- fact the visiting students will be tractive spots on the Yukon with brought at mice into social contact and nothing but a very questionable road fellowship with our people.-Freeman house to accommodate passing travel- Tilden, in "World's Work."

ers. "Fortunately for me," say-s Miss Hill, "the Roman Catholic Mission at Churches in New York City A Nulato had accommodation for me, CCORDING' to the Industrial Bu- reau of the Merchants' As-sociaand so the stay was comfortable and sociable, as the missionaries there are tion of New York City there are 3,398 -so kind." While waiting at Nulato, churches and synagogues in the Met- Miss Hill was joined by Miss Wilcox. ropolitan district, tabulated as follows Speaking of the experiences of the according to denQmination: Roman trip from Nulato to Allakaket, Miss Catholic, 900 churches; Lutheran, 540; Hill says: "Our seven days' trip on Presbyterian, 473; Protestant Epis- that mail boat, with no accommoda- copal, 327; Methodist Episcopal, 300; tions whatever, was enough to initiate Reformed Church in America, 245; anyone. If you did nQt get sour dur- Congregational, 129; Baptist, 108; ing those days you never would. The Jewish synagogues, 102; Christian

Science, 101; Seventh Day Adventist, A number of years ago the Japa- 50; Methodist Protestant, 30; Re- nese churches formed a Japanese formed Church in the United States, Church Extension Board and entered 21; Unitarian, 20; Evangelical into an agreement that they would Church, 17; Moravian, 13; Evan- take enough reductioll in grants each gelical Synod of North America, 11; year so as to open a new field. This Universalist, 10; Church of Jesus last year the field at Santa Maria was Christ of Latter Day Saints, 1. opened and in the coming year a church will be started at Hayward, Studying Peace California.

T HE strife against war takes on a A report notes our ·service among serious form when-people will un- the Koreans thus: This is a small dergo sustained study and training for work. Nevertheless the few Koreans leadership in the cause. The Friends' are earnest and zealous. The Korean Service Commission invited all inter- Presbyterian church at Dinuba has ested people to attend a fortnight of just completed a new manse. The study at Haverford College, and the people secured all their funds and had school was organized for work, with them in the savings bank before conabundant time f.or critical discussion struction was started, except for grant and the comparison of different points and loan of $500 from the Board of of view. National Missions. – Presbyterian Magazine. Two forms of propaganda were specially developed. The one favored by Youth in Evidence in Toronto Conthe Friends and the United Brethren contemplates teams engaged in "ca1'- vention on Religious Education avaning." Each team consists of two young people who are provided with a I F 1905 was a convention of adults second-hand Ford car and $25 a week and a promoter of the Adult Bible with which to keep both the car and Class, then 1930 was pre-eminently a themselves in the field. On the other promoter of youth in religious educahand, the Methodist agency will oper- tion. During the entire week of the ate through another set of young convention two groups of adult youth people, each of whom will spend a leaders and young people themselves week in several summer schools, pro- were in session, and the last three moting the ·study and practice of days over 1,000 young people from pacifism in the church leaders among thirty-six states and provinces, repreyoung people. senting over thirty denominations, met in a great youth conference to The institute register numbered plan and promote the program of Renearly seventy, and they hailed frQm ligious Education as it referred to all parts of northeastern America. It youth. Probably this was one of the is safe to say that no one was disap- most significant features of the whole pointed. Whatever expectations might Toronto 1930 gathering and had no have been roused by the announcement counterpart in the 1905 meeting. The were more than realized in the experi- general meeting in which youth and ence which was achieved. – Christian adults gathered in the great audi- Century. torium was the first intimation to some delegates that so much had OrieDtals in AJ.Il.erica really been going on in the convention. – Congre gationalist. THE past year has been one of great development in Presbyterian work WESTERN ASIA among the Chinese in the United States. Every ·one of the Chinese Beirut College for WOlUen churches under the Board of National Missions shows a growth in member- ..t T LAST it has started! The Amership. t l ican Junior College for Women in Beirut, Syria, is no longer a dream,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

but a fact. Daughters of Christians members at once to Kariz, a town on and Moslems are embarking on this the border, where all automobiles goadventure and realizing what it means. ing to Herat must stop for some hours in the customs, and there open a tea- A Persian Saint house. He would form acquaintance with Afghans and give them Christian CAN you imagine yourself without books to take into their country. The arms or legs? Life would hardly Meshed Christians have fallen in with be worth living! But here is Dai the plan and sent a recent convert, Yoosef, who has lost both arms and himself an Afghan, to the border with both legs, and he is one of the hap- samovar, cups, dishes, sugar, tea, and piest men you can meet in a day's fifteen hundred books to see what he walk. I visited him in the hospital can do. after his second arm had been amputated, and he was all smiles and full Many free-minded Afghans who of joy; and not a word of murmur or have fled Afghanistan in the recent complaint. I had taken him a flower, troubles have settled in Meshed, near and for the moment I forgot he could the Afghan border. They are quite not take it. He looked up and, laugh- approachable, come to the mission ing heartily, said: "Sorry, Bishop, reading room, and show interest in but I'll have to trouble you to put it Christian teaching.-Sunday School in my buttonhole for me!" Times.

When I sympathized with him about Koran Translated into Turkish the loss oOf his arm, he smiled and said: "Surely God needed such a one ARABIC, being a sacred language, as me to show what He can do with ft the ecclesiastics have cried out a man who has neither arms nor legs, but who has learnt to praise Him for against their book appearing in any all His goodness and His love." Well, other tongue. But the Turkish gov- I had come to sympathize with him, ernment has in spite of this allowed but he sent me away rejoicing. I the pUblication of three separate could only thank God foOr the testi- translations. Fourteen thousand copies mony of Dai Yoosef. have been sold. Turks who formerly heard the sounding Arabic of the Surely the Lord had need of a man Koran without understanding anysuch as he is, utterly helpless, but thing of its meaning imagined it full of joy and gladness, and always charged with tremendous and mystic able to find something for which to meanings. That impression melts praise the Lord. When you are down away when the Koran is read in the in the dumps, follow Dai Yoosef's ex- vernacular. It is sometimes enough ample, and look for something for to place a Koran and a Testament in which to praise God !-Bishop J. H. the hands of a reader and leave him Linton, in C. M. S. Gleaner. to draw his own conclusions.

A Persian Christian Siege of Afghan- It is said that Kemal Pasha ip dis- gust threw the book across the room istan into a corner. Yet in the Sudan the primary textbook in all the govern- APERSIAN Christian teacher who ment schools is the Koran, and Islam has the evangelization of Afghan- is gaining ground constantly in the istan much on his heart, received per- Anglo – Egyptian Sudan. – Sunday mission to enter the country as a ped- School Times. dler. He spent a month at Herat, the chief city in northwest Afghanistan, EUROPE and came back full of enthusiasm over the possibility of Persian Christians Theologues in Gerlllany Are Increasgoing to Herat as tradesmen and artisans and quietly preaching the ing Gospel there. He urged the church in Meshed, Persia, to send one of its AN INCREASE of theological stu- f t dents in Germany is indicated by the fact that 4,678 students there are

following theological studies; 229 of to 6 per cent and the hotels have rethese being women. This represents duced the rates in Paris under presan increase over last year of more sure from the official tourist bureau. than I,OOO-the highest figure for all time.-Christian Century. "Germany is poor and there are plenty of unemployed everywhere, London Congress of C. M. s. while the cost of living is high. Italy is not so badly off on the surface be- "THAT it is highly incumbent upon cause the people do not care to com- every Christian to endeavor to plain under the Mussolini regime. Spain cannot keep the value of the propagate the knowledge of the Gos- peseta up because she has no gold. pe! among the heathen." From this and other resolutions passed by thir- "England is in a bad way because teen clergy and eleven laymen in the the dole system has broken down un- Castle and Falcon Inn, Aldersgate, on der the Labor Administration."-New April 12, 1799, has grown up what we York Times. today recognize as the great and farreaching work of the Church Mission- A Turk on Turkey's Ignorance ary Society. The growth is a wonderful story of God's mercy, leading, WE ARE ignorant; our ignorance and power: His mercy in forgiving is great. The books issued in many mistakes and weaknesses, His a single day in a European country leading in that again and again the are equal in value to the books issued sure word has been revealed and fol- in ten years in our country. We have lowed, His power in that countless not one single scientific book on pedamen, women, and children have been gogy. Translations do not exceed led from darkness to follow the light twenty in number. In past years, of Christ. On September 22-25, the we used to call "learned" those Hodjas society is proposing to hold a Con- with Turbans! We understood their gress in London, when representatives ignorance and their value has defrom all over England, Wales, and creased to zero before our eyes. In Ireland will gather in London to hear those days chemistry and medicine from leaders overseas of the great were making g rea t progress in commitments and opportunities which Europe, whereas we were sleeping in are upon us, to hear also the call from our ignorance. We were happy, yet leaders at home to face this great day so ignorant! We believed that 'Our with renewed courage and with un- Sultans had the miraculous power of flinching determination.-Churck Mis- seventy saints, so much so that they sionary Outlook. could blind the eyes of a Czar in Mos- cow by pointing their fingers out in Economic Conditions in Europe that direction!

GEORGE HARRISON PHELPS, Science is in the west. It is in special commissioner of the De- Germany, France, England, Russia, partment of Labor in Washington, Italy and America. It is everywhere who visited France, England, Italy, in the west; it is nowhere in our Spain and Germany, said the economic country. What can we do in this and industrial conditions in Europe state ? We have entered into western were unfavorable everywhere except life. We want to walk together with in France, where he said he found the western nations. Our goal is good prosperity on every side. and worthy of encouragement. We must follow the west if we intend to "There are no unemployed in live as a nati'On in the world. There France," the commissioner said, "and is no other way. Why should we stand there is more gold there than in any and wait? We cannot walk on this country except the United States. The path by talking and by pride only! luxury tax has been reduced from 12 We have hardly the light of a firefly! We need the light of a sun!

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The west is open before us like an longer."-Extracts from letters from ocean of light. We can take as much Russia and Siberia, pubUshed by the as we like. Nobody is hindering us. National Lutheran Council.

But we cannot take this light merely by the show movements of a false ISLANDS acrobat! We must make real effort. Follow Up EvangelisDl Our ignorance is like the wall of _ AN EFFECTIVE plan of keeping in China. We must pull down. We must l. touch with discharged patients enter the world of light. – Kazim has been adopted by the Presbyterian Nami, in Uyanis (Turkish) Transla-' mission hospital at Dumaguete, in the tion Service of the School of Religion, Philippine Islands. A young man Pale on Pha/Bron" Greece. visits each former patient about three Continued Persecution in Russia or four times each year, leaving a tract and other religious literature, T IFE is very hard. We have no though sometimes the journey is 50 L clothing, no linen. Food is brought miles. The story is told that a patient of the hospital was given a New Testato us by kind people and thus we are ment which he studied, but, being unstill living. , . ,A short time ago many able to attend any religious services, people of our villages were taken to did not show any deep interest in the railroad station, quite a transport Christianity. However, he took his went off, but nobody knows where to Testament with him to his home back -that is a secret. It is said by many in the hills, where he organized a conthat Siberia or the Antarctic Sea may gregation; elders were elected and be the destination. From day to day regular worship was conducted" every we are waiting for our turn …. Yes- Sunday in this man's home. There terday my husband was arrested and was only one Testament in the little sent away. I am in despair,., .Just village and when a colporteur of the now I am sitting in my bare little American Bible Society, who had been room, in the corner is a heap of straw told by inhabitants of another town to covered with a piece of old sack cloth. go farther back into the hills where … ,My thoughts are always with my they were asking for this book, reached husband … ,what sort of a night is this village his stock was soon exhe to have? … Really, if we would hausted. not cling to our belief that God will turn all these things into wholesome fruit of justi1ication, we would have Rural Y. M. C. A. in Ha.waii to despair or go mad as so many now Y do ….. M. C. A. first honors for rural May God, the dear Father in • work anywhere in America went heaven, take pity on us and deliver to Kauai, in the Hawaiian Islands, us. We hoped from day to day that under the direction of the capable sec- the door of our pris'on would Open at retary, Mr. Andrew Gross. The work last, but in vain. It is a dreadful is conducted largely through the pub- state not to be safe for a moment. lic schools and churches of the Island This horrible, nerve-shattering state and includes boys' clubs, Bible study makes life a torture. And all this classes, devotional periods, basketball under the cover of freedom, equality, tournaments, hygiene talks, ,socials, brotherhood ….. entertainments, thrift meetings, and From a prison camp in Siberia: many other activities. An older boys'

"Many families are living here. They conference is held and a boys' camping die like flies. Ice is still in our bar- center has been purchased. Since it racks. We cannot sleep, we are sur- is always ,summer in Hawaii the place rounded by vermin." Perhaps this is is used throughout the year. Boys the last letter that I will write. There from nine to twelve are cared for in is no hope of enduring it much "Friendly Indian" clubs, and the

group from twelve to fifteen in "Pio- several centuries before the Christian neer" clubs. Paralleling this program Era.

is the work of the Y. W. C. A. which Probably more battles, sieges, mas- reaches a large number of girls. sacres, and murders crowd the annals These two organizations are making of this town than those of any other a great contribution to the life of similar area throughout the world.

these present and future Americans. "It is my desire that the planning "Father and Son" banquets are held· and designing of the public buildings and, since most of the fathers are to be erected will be cunsidered with Orientals, the occasions are both in- the greatest deliberation and care so teresting and picture·sque. English that the new creation may be in every classes are conducted for this older way worthy of this ancient and beaugroup. The chief industry of Kauai tiful city," said George V, Emperor is sugar cane, and the Y work is car- of India, on Dec. 15, 1911, when he ried on in close touch with the planta- laid the foundation stone of the new tion programs. The lives of many city.-New York Times. hundreds of Japanese-American, Kor- ean-American and Filipino-American Henry Martyn School, Lahore are being influenced. THE recently 0 pen e d Christian Inventing Written Language school of Islamic Studies at Lahore, India, has been given the appropriate DR. FRANK C. LAUBACH in the name of the "Henry Martyn Schoo!." Philippines, is adding to his The mIssIOnary societies through many interesting achievements the whose initiation the project is due are invention of a written language. At the S. P. G., the C. M. S., the W. M. least he is now struggling to reduce M. S., the L. M. S., and the Methodist to writing a language hitherto only Episcopal Church of North America.

spoken or used in a very difficult Arabic script. Its nineteen sounds he Sam Higginbottom Decorated is seeking to reproduce with one sound As A recognition of his work the 1)or each letter, in order to facilitate King of England sometime ago the publishing of the Bible and other presented Mr. Sam Higginbottom with books needed in the education of the the Kaiser-in-Hind medal, one of the people of Mindanao. highest honors bestowed by the king upon residents of India. The medal If anyone thinks it is easy to do was given this American missionary what Dr. Laubach is attempting, we in recognition of the pioneer work he would suggest his trying it on some has done. He introduced better agrilanguage which he has heard but has cultural methods among the native never seen written in Romanist form.

INDIA farmers. As a result he has given India's New Capital them a few of the comforts of life, raised their standards of living from T HE new capital of India may not that of abject squalor to that of or- be as beautifully located amid dinary comforts and sanitation, and in lovely natural surroundings as Can- general contributed to the welfare of berra or Darul-Aman, the new capital the people. So well has he done his of Afghanistan, or as luxuriously built work that both Indian princes and as Washington, but it has a romance British government officials h a v e of antiquity which is perhaps denied sought his advice about the develop- to its competitors. The imperial city ment of the rural districts of India.

of Delhi, the Rome of Asia, with its His introduction of American agri- surrounding area of furty-five square cultural machinery is being watched miles of suburban territory, teems with interest by the whole Orient. If with relics of empires dating back to his experiment succeeds in India sim-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ilar experiments will be undertaken militant teaching and the full accept- in other places. – The Presbyterian ance of the doctrines of Jesus Christ. Advance. ….. From this grim religious obses- sion of soul-slavery (forced upon the India's Curse untouchables by the insistent social pressure of the caste system) only an T wo men of outcaste rank were antipodal creed, brought by men them- traveling on a train in India. It selves white hot with belief in the stopped at a station, they alighted, supreme efficacy of their own faith, bought cups of tea and drank them. could set the victim free. These mis- Suddenly pandemonium broke loose sionaries have done a job of humanizbecause they had dared drink from ing work, have aroused a volume of the same cup used by higher caste -outspoken gratitude and affection, travelers. Finally the two men were h a v e developed a propagandizing forced to buy the cups. Then, heap- power, not without potentiality in fuing indignity upon indignity, the ture India." guard on the train said "Aha, you have cups in your possession. You "Until" Meetings must pay me four rupees to make it worth while not to take you up for B ISHOP B. T. BADLEY writes in this." A lawyer of low caste origin the Indian Witness: was also refused tea at a station, but "Until Meetings" are being held in because of his position finally secured villages of the Bombay area, under the drink. He got his tea, but all the the leadership of Indian men, where people of his caste in the entire dis- the people come together to pray and trict were for a long time boycotted wait "until" they receive the power in the shops. Gandhi does well to em- from on high, of which our Lord spoke phasize the curse of untouchability.- to His disciples. There is neither fad Missionary Herald. nor fanaticism-just a waiting be- fore God and a claiming of His prom- Miss Mayo on India Missionaries ise, the "promise of the Father" anil the pledge of Christ. "ONE of the two active influences which have affected the status Will the Moslems of India Remain of the untouchables (in India) was, LoyaU and is, the reclamation work of the Christian missionaries …… It is now DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, author some sixty years since that work be- of a new book, "Across the World gan, and of the five million present- of Islam," is an authority on Mohamday Indian Christians a large majority medanism. In a recent interview he are untouchable in origin. The de- said: "India is the largest and most voted workers (missionaries) have important Moslem country in the plunged into mud waist deep and set world. Nearly seventy millions of its their shoulders to the burden of the vast population constitute a 'minority' slaves. The material result wherever of great power in the world of Islam. the-se people have dug in is cleanliness Indian Moslems exert a world-wide instead of squalor, health instead of influence through their Diaspora and rottenness, courage instead of cring- their press." The reader of Chapters ing, a percentage of literacy high I, II and XVI in Dr. Zwemer's book above that of the Hindu body and, will have the key to the actual situaeducation once received, a frequent tion. Dr. Julius Richter of the Uniwillingness to return to the village versity of Berlin writes: "There is and live for the less fortunate of the hardly anyone, even among the same blood. The fact may as well be Orientalists, with such a compre· faced that the decisive agent in affect- hensive and intimate knowledge of ing this metamorphosis has been the present-day Islam as Dr. Zwemer."

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Resurrection of Jesus Christ. By Wil- ditions. Religion of course begins liam Bancroft Hill, D.D. 160 pp. $1.25. with the individual; but it cannot end Revell. New York. there. It affects, and it is affected by, the conditions of his environment. Christians who remember St. Paul's Christ is for all life and all relations solemn statement that "if Christ hath of life-individual, family, community, not been raised, your faith is vain, ye national and international. A man are yet in your sins; then they also cannot be a true Christian in his prithat are fallen a81eep in Christ have vate life and a pagan as a neighbor perished," and who are perplexed by and a citizen. the frequent assertions that the doctrine of the resurrection has no his- The author of this handsome volume toric basis, eagerly welcome good is widely recognized as one of the books on this vital theme. The dis- leading exponents of the social applitinguished Professor Emeritus of cation of the Gospel. Called in 1893 Biblical Literature in Vassar College, from a Congregational pastorate in and member of the Board of Foreign Hartford, Connecticut, to the Chair of Missions of the Reformed Church in Social Economics in Chicago Theolog- America, here give·s us such a book. ical Seminary, he soon became an in- It is an able, scholarly, evangelical and fluential factor in the city's life. He reverent study of the basic fact of founded the Chicago Commons Social Christianity. He carefully evaluates Settlement, was its head resident for all the accounts of it in the Gospels over thirty years, and a leader in civic, and all the references to it in the social, industrial, interracial, educa- Epistles, and he concludes that the tional and religious movements amid evidence is impregnable. He believes the teeming multitudes and surging that the churches of today are not growth of that remarkable metropolis. availing themselves of an abundant This book tells the story of his probsource of power when they fail to lems, the struggles and achievements. give the resurrection a large place in It is a human document of rare intertheir faith and preaching. "The est, and a contribution of unique value Christian world is hoping and pray- to the literature of the subject. ing for a new day of Pentecost. Is it prepared to preach with full conviction Nature and Religion. By Charles H. Tynthe message of the first day-Jesus dall. 275 pp. $2. Revell. New York. and the resurrection?" No other book of our acquaintance more helpfully The author is a retired minister who discusses this momentous subject or has been a life-long student of science. more richly repays thoughtful perusal. He has written several scientific books and has lectured at many colleges and Pioneering on Social Frontiers. By Gra- chautauquas. In this volume he has ham Taylor. 457 pp. $4. University assembled many facts which modern of Chicago Press. Chicago. science has disclosed regarding the universe, the earth, the sea, minerals, One of the notable developments of plants and animals. He avoids techmodern Christianity is the activity of nical terms and presents his informathe churches in applying the principles tion in popular style. The material is of the Go.spel of Christ to social con- arranged for use a·s a handbook.

796

BOOKS WORTH READING

The religious bearing of the facts is book is well documented and has its indicated from the viewpoint of an value for those who desire to underevangelical believer, and each chapter stand the inner spirit of Indian Nais followed by questions for review. tionalism. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. It is a good book to put into the hands of young people. ImmortabiUty, an Old Man's Conclusions. By S. D. McConnell, 178 pp. $1.50. The Passion Play of Oberammergau. By Macmillan. New York. Janet H. M. Swift. 161 pp. $1.75. Revell. New York. An old man of 85 years, sitting quietly in the evening of life, realizing Visitors to Oberammergau this year that the end of earthly existence is were fortunate if they read this book near, and meditating deeply upon the before their arrival, for it gave them mystery of what lies beyond-this is information that they needed to have. the picture that this book suggests. People who did not go have doubtless The traditional arguments for uniheard so much about the Passion Play versal immortality do not satisfy him. in that famous village among the Ba- He thinks that they are post-biblical varian hills that they may well be and were influenced by conceptions of grateful for Mrs. Swift's account of man and the universe that modern it. She has written with full knowl- science has showed to be untenable. edge and fine sympathy. She describes He has "read scores of books on the the place and the people, the history subject and learned from them just of the play, the essentially religious nothing at all." He sees no adequate character of the performance, the de- ground in Scripture, science or reason votional spirit that characterizes it, for the current belief that all the huand the profound spiritual impression man beings that have been in the that it makes upon the beholder,s. It world from primitive savagery till is a book of deep and permanent inter- now are immortal simply by virtue of est. birth, and he presents many argu- ments and cites numerous Scripture India in Bondage, Her Right to Freedom passages in support of immortability and a Place Among the Great Nations. -by which he means immortality, not By Jabez T. Sunderland, M.A., D.D. as an inherent endowment of every 529 pp. $4. Copeland. New York. man but as a prize to be sought and achieved through Jesus Christ, and in This most interesting book, first no other way. He declares that "this published in India, was promptly sup- whole argument was set forth nineteen pressed there by the British Govern- centuries ago" by St. Paul in 1 Cor. ment. The author is an American and 15, and he marvels that "its plain has visited India twice. He gives the meaning has been persistently mis- Indian side of the problems relating read." Believers in conditional imto self-determination. In all of his mortality will find in this book strong conclusions he is violently anti-British, reenforcement. Others, who will not as the titles of some of the chapters concur in his positions, will respect indicate: e. g., British Arrogance and the sincerity of this venerable clergy- India's Humiliation; The Kind of man who has had a long and honored "Justice" Britain Gives India; India's ministry in the Protestant Episcopal Opium Curse; India's Drink Curse; Church and who writes as one who is Crushing Out the Genius of a Gifted soon to "cross over from the life that People; The Truth About the Amrit- now is to another." sar Massacre; The Great Farce- Britain's Claim That India Is Her Gott und die Voelker. By Dr. Martin "Sacred Trust"; The Great Delusion- Schlunk. 3.50 Marks. Furche Publi- Britain's Claim That She Is "Edu- cation House. Berlin. cating India for Self-Rule." These chapter headings indicate what the The author is one of the greatest reader may expect. Nevertheless, the authorities on Missions in present-day

Germany. Having long served the graphically narrates her experiences, cause in an executive capacity, he is the manners and customs of the prim- now Professor of Missions in the Uni- itive tribes, their .superstitions and versity of Tiibingen. He presents the dire spiritual needs, and the efforts Scripture teachings on Foreign Mis- that are being made to give them the sions in a most original way. The Gospel of Christ. Rear Admiral Sir material is divided over a period of H. H. Stileman, of the British Navy, twelve weeks of seven days each, so writes the preface, in which he says that the reader may have a section that "the world's store of missionary before him each day of the week and literature will be richer for this work make his own review on Sundays. The from Miss Stuart-Watt's pen, written main divisions are: God's Will to as it is with an intimate knowledge Send; God's Command; The Carrying of that fascinating and mysterious Out of This Command; The Result. portion of the Dark Continent."

The Scripture passage·s bearing on Indian Islam. By Murray T. Titus. 290 each point are stated first and are ac- pp. $4.50. Oxford University Press. companied by explanatory notes. The New York. author does not state a thesis which he tries to prove, but leaves the reader This is the latest volume in the to draw his own conclusions. It is notable series on the Religious Quest the most successful presentation of the Scripture teaching on Missions. of India which has won a high place in the literature of religious thought. C. T. BENZE. The author is a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church who has Mystik oder Versohnung, Dr. Karl Heim written out of an experience of nine- and Kokichi Kurosaki. Furche Publi- teen years in India, during which he cation House. Berlin. has made a profound study of Indian This book consists of two essays, life, philosophy and religions. In this the first by the well-known Tiibingen book his special subject is the history professor, and the other an interpre- of Mohammedanism in India. It tive autobiography of a famous Japa- shows thorough scholarship, clear nese Christian. Both essays are writ- thinking, and Christian spirit. He ten from the standpoint of mysticism. says that he wrote the book as a thesis Prof. Heim ends with the statement for the Kennedy School of Missions at that the secret of the whole matter Hartford, Connecticut, in requirement lies in reconciliation with God; that for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the end Foreign Missions means but it is a work of permanent value, not a compromise but war; and that giving a comprehensive and readable the Christian is a debtor both to the account of the history, beliefs and in- Jew and the Greek. Kurosaki reaches fluence of 70,000,000 people whose atthe same conclusion from the course titude must be taken into account by of his own Christian life. The essays anyone who would understand modern are a worth-while contribution to the India.

missionary cause, written from a modern viewpoint. C. T. BENZE. The Faith that Wins. By Roy Talmadge Africa's Dome of Mystery. By Eva Stuart- Brumbaugh. 125 pp. 75c. Bible In- stitute Colportage Assn. Chicago.

Watt, F.R.G.S. 214 pp. $4.50. Mar- This is a small but interesting and shall, Morgan and Scott. London. helpful book by the pastor of the Pres- This i·s a superbly illustrated de- byterian church at Coatesville, Pa. He scriptive history of the Wachagga discusses faith as walking, witnessing, people of Kilimanjaro, their evangeli- adventuring, overcoming, choosing, liv~ zation, and a girl's pioneer climb to ing, conquering, suffering, and he the crater of their 19,000 feet snow closes with a beautiful chapter on shrine. The author, who is a member Christ as "The Author and Perfecter of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, of Faith."

PERSONALS AND OBITUARY

PERSONALS MRS. KATHARINE M. B. FORD, widow of the Rev. Dr. George A. Ford, died (Concluded from page 721.) July 5, of heart disease in Syria, where she had long been engaged in missionary sence, beginning September first, to meet work. With Dr. Ford, honorable retire- ment was granted her by the Board of the request of the National Christian Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., in 1924, but they con- Council of India for his services as tech- tinued to live 'in the land of their adoption. Dr. Ford died two years ago. nical advisor in the rural social survey DR. ANNA S. *KUG*LER*, first American of the Christian mass movement. The woman medical missionary to India, and survey, which is financed by the Institute founder of the Lutheran hospital at Guntur, died recently at the age of 74. of Social and Religious Research, looks Dr. Kugler was a graduate of the Wom- en's Medical College of Philadelphia, and to an inquiry into the economic, social, has served for 47 years on the mission field. In 1904 she received the Kaiserand occupational status of the new Chris- i-Hind silver medal from the British Viceroy. tians, agricultural people living in small DR. JESSE LYM'"AN* HU*RLBUT, long one villages. MINNIE *V.* * of the best-known Sunday-school workers MISS SANDBERG, foreign in the world, died at Bloomfield, N. J., Aug. 3, at the age of 87. Dr. Hurlbut secretary of the Woman's Foreign Mis- first came into national prominence when he joined with Dr. John H. Vincent, and sion Society (Baptist), sailed from Van- one or two others to found the Chau- tauqua Assembly at Chautauqua, N. Y. couver August 7, for a visit to the mis- Two years ago a movement was started to build a Hurlbut Memorial Community sion fields. Miss Sandberg has served as Church at Chautauqua in honor of the veteran leader. For years Dr. Hurlbut a missionary in Japan, and carries with served as editor of the Sunday-school material of his denomination, and his her not only a practical knowledge of books, which were mainly simple re-tell- ings of biblical narratives for the use of missionary life on the field, but a keen study classes, sold in large quantities. His "Story of the Bible" is said still to insight into missionary problems as they be the most widely circulated children's book in its field in America. relate to the home base. During her ab- THE RIGHT REV*. S*IDN*EY CATLIN PARTsence Miss Helen L. Tufts, assistant for- RIDGE, D.D., Bishop of West Missouri eign secretary will be in charge of the since 1911 and for more than a quarter century a missionary in China and Jaforeign work. pan, died from a heart attack on June 22, in Kansas City, Missouri. * * .. THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., *** LL.D., F.R.G.S., internationally known THE REV. DAVID GOURLEY WYLIE, president of the Lord's Day Alliance and as "the modern apostle to the Moslem for more than a half-century a promi- nent Presbyterian leader, died suddenly World," will be inducted into the chair August 26, at the age 73. Dr. Wylie had been presiding at the twenty-first of Christian Missions and the History of annual General Bible Conference, held at Stony Brook, L. 1., of which he was Religion at Princeton Theological Semi- one of the founders.

nary on October 1. Dr. Zwemer spent NEW BOOKS over 30 years in Egypt and Arabia, has The Bible in My Everyday Life. Eugene written a score of books on Mohamme- Franklin Reese. 432 pp. $2.85. Sys- tem Bible Co. Chicago. danism, and is the editor of The Moslem Bhaskar and His Friends. Clara G. La- World and the founder of the American boree. 110 pp. 75c pa~er, $1 cloth. Friendship Press. New York. Christian Literature Society for Mos- A Century Of Anglo-Catholioism. Herbert lems. Leslie Stewart. 404 pp. $4.75. Ox- ford University Press. New York. RABINDRANATH* TA'"GO'R" E expects to ar- rive in the United States for his brief lecture tour during October. His tour will be entirely under the direction of the Service Committee of the Friends.

* THE REV. WILLIAM E. STRONG, D.D., Foreign Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Boston, reached the age limit for Board officers September first and became Secretary Emeritus. He has served the Board with marked wisdom and efficiency for 23 years.

*** THE REV. GEORGE DRACH, D.D., rounds out this year twenty-five years of service as Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Lutheran Church.

OBITUARY THE REV. JACOB SPEICHER, for thirtysix years a missionary in China for the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, died July 17, at Swatow, China, of typhoid fever. His widow and children are in Swatow.

Children of the Sea and Sun. Mabel Gar- "Aayl" Glimpses of Rosalie Harley. A. rett Wagner. 122 pp. 75c paper, $1 Donald Miller. 45 pp. 50c. Mission cloth. Friendship Press. New York. to Lepers. London. 1930.

Daily Bible Memory Verses. Gertrude African Horizons. John Cudahy. 159 pp. Wales. 52 pp. 75c. Revell. New $3. Duffield. New York. 1930. York. China's Crucillxion. Putnam Weale. 401 India in Bondage. Jabez T. Sunderland. pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. 529 pp. $4. Copeland. New York. 1930.

Pioneering on Social Frontiers. Graham Chapters in Church History. John W. Taylor. 457 pp. $4. University of Wayland. 154 pp. $1.50. Revell. Chicago Press. Chicago. New York. 1930.

The Passion Play of Oberammergau. Janet Death Valley. Bourke Lee. 210 pp. $4. H. M. Swift. 161 pp. $1.75. Revell. Macmillan. New York. 1930. New York. Gott und Die Voelker. Dr. Martin Shlunk. Porto Rican Neighbors. Charles W. St. M3.50. Furche Pub. House. Berlin. John. 98 pp. $1. Friendship Press. New York. ….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ….

The Star of India. Isabel Brown Rose. Are You Sick? 75c paper, $1 cloth. Friendship Press. New York. Are You Discouraged?

Sugar Is Sweet. Dorothy McConnell. 75c Are You Financially paper, $1 cloth. Friendship Press. Distressed? New York. YOU NEED West Indian Treasures. Winifred Hul- bert. 75c paper, $1 cloth. Friendship GOD and MAN Press. New York.

Africa's Dome of, Mystery. Eva Stuart- Watt. Ill. 214 pp. lOs. 6d. Marshall Mortan & Scott. London. 1930.

Annual Report-Board of Foreign Mis- sions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. 316 pp. New York. 1930.

ANNUITY A Devotional Manual for Daily Use AGREEMENTS By BLAIR SCOTT Are being issued in large numbers every year … It reveals to you the spiritual law of God• to former annuitants and new friends because ….under which the Master met and overcame The plan is simple all beliefs of the flesh and particularly those of SUPPLY AND HEALTH. It is easily understood (Pages 22,23.24) It has proven uniformly satisfactory For Bible References, recording God's available It is recognized as being financially sound SPIR'lTUAL SUPPL.Y, UNLIMITED SUPPLY AND CONTINUED SUPPLY. It avoids aU loss during hard times (Pages 121-13d It enables a person to make a gift to mis- For Bible References, bestowing Christ's HEAL- sions and at the same time guarantee ING POWER ON ALL WHO BELIEVE. themselves an income for life. (Pages III~1I3) For further in/ormation write: Whatever your problem-. W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of Home Mis- THIS BOOK sions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street. Philadelphia. Pa.• or By the Grandson of Walter Scott MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer. Board of For- Unveils your God.given heritage of Dominion eign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fifth Avenue. New York. N. Y. Limp, Round Corners, $1.50 ORDER BLANK —-, SEND TO YOUR BOOKSELT ER, or FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY. 158 Fifth Avenue, New York.

Please send me, postpaid cop_ _ GOD AND MAN, by Blair Scott.

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The Missionary Review of the World — November 1927

CHINESE IDEA OF A DEAD CHURCH-A SPIDER'S WEB OVER THE

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OTHERS will hear the Christian You can give without sacrificing interest you message because of your generosity. need for the support of yourself or others and receive an income on your gift at the rate of For Further information write: from Morria W. EhneB, Treasurer. Board of Foreign 4~% to 9% per year Mission. 01 the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fifth Avenue. New York. N. Y .• or for the rest of your life W. J. Elliott, Treuurer. Board 01 H6meMi••ions Protect yourself against loss from unwise invest~ and Church Extension 01 the Methodist Epilcopal ments and at the same time do your part in Church. 1701 Arch Street. Philadelphia. Po. spreading the gospel of Christ in foreign lands.

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HE MI_S:'SIONARY

MEW~ VOL. NOVEMBER, 1927 NUMBER L ELEVEN THE SUPREME MOTIVE IN MISSIONS D o THE great Ohristian missionary motives change with chang- ing times 1 An interesting questionnaire was recently sent out to missionary leaders in America asking for an expression of opinion as to the most powerful motives that impel Ohristians to carryon Ohristian work among the non-Christian people. The answers were illuminating though the scope of the inquiry was limited. Answers came from Board secretaries, pastors, professors, and officers in women's missionary societies but very few were recorded from students and none from business men.

Among the more than one hundred answers tabulated the greatest number put first the desire to fulfil Christ's mission to the world. Other motives mentioned prominently were a desire to spread the Kingdom of God, obedience to the command of Christ, the love of Christ for all mankind and a desire to develop the best possibilities in those for whom we work. Some motives were stricken out as not to be considered-such as for example, "a desire to hasten the Second Coming of Christ," and "pity for the future state of the heathen." Among motives thought to be losing ground were "the greater glory of God, a desire to extend the Church, and pity for the present life of those without Christ." Motives thought to be increasing in influence include a desire to help solve world problems, a desire for the broadest human fellowship and to promote good-will between nations and races.

It would be more illuminating as to the present-day attitude toward missions if this survey could be made more inclusive, but the answers show the trend of modern thought among many engaged in missionary work-a lessening of motives based on obedience to the command of God and on a desire to rescue unbelievers from sin and eternal death, and an increase of emphasis on the human motives to SOij . improve present conditions and to increase brotherliness, and to pro- mote international and interracial peace and good will.

Any unselfish motive is commendable that leads a man to help his brother-man and to bring about a better relationship between man and God and between man and man. But many motives are inade- quate to induce persistent effort against difficulties and opposition Clnd fail to inspire large sacrifice of time, money, comfort and life.

Is not the inadequacy of the motives that actuate some mission- ary workers, one explanation of the insufficiency of missionary serv- ice and support1 What are the adequate, most impelling missionary motives1 Surely none that appeal to self-interest. It is natural that difficulties should discourage those who are working only for temporal improve- ment in human relations. The need is there bu't the fact that some of the worst conditions exist in the most civilized and enlightened lands decreases hope 'of success.

The g:t:eat compelling missionary motive is the same as it was nineteen centuries ago. Why should it change? Jesus Christ was the greatest missionary of all time and the great missionary Exem- plar. His motive was love-first, a self-sacrificing desire to please God the Father, to make Him known and to fulfil His will; and ,'lecond, a compassionate love for mankind-a desire that :men might be saved from the temporal and eternal results of their ignorance and sin. Jesus Christ came to do the will of His Father and He was moved with compassion for shepherdless humanity. He gave His life to save them, without counting the cost to Himself.

To what motives did He appeal when He commissioned His dis- ciples to carryon the work that He began 1 The first motive was loyal, loving obedience to Himself as divine Lord and Saviour. The second was like unto it-a compassionate love for shepherdless humanity, a self-forgetful desire to help save men from sin and its consequences.

If Christian missions are looked upon as a human enterprise to promote earthly ideals only, then we shall be moved-if at all-to carry them forward by certain humanitarian considerations; if the enterprise is a divine campaign under an ever-living, all powerful Leader, then its aims and motives will be different. It was a divine impulse that actuated the apostle Paul when he exclaimed "Woe is me if I preach not the Gospel" and" The love of Christ constraineth me. " It was loyalty to Christ's command and the sense of men's spiritual need-for time and eternity-that has actuated the great- est missionaries in the history of the Church-Xavier, Lull, Carey, Morrison, Martyn; Judson, Moffat, Mackay, Taylor, Paton, Scudder, Chamberlain and unnumbered others who believed that all men need their Saviour and who counted not their lives dear unto themselves if only they might make known God and His way of Life through Christ, to those who did not know Him.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

There are many secondary motives for missionary service-the spirit of brotherliness and of gratitude, a desire to make the most of one's talents and to go where the need is greatest; but the primary, the impelling, compelling, propelling motives of loyal love to God and a compassionate love for man are alone adequate for all time and all circumstances. Should we not stress these motives more?

OUR COMING JUBILEE NUMBERS T HE fiftieth anniversary of the REVIEW will be celebrated by two special numbers, December and January, in which some of the leading missionary writers of the day will survey the progress made during the past half-century. It is a most interesting and stim- ulating study.

One hundred years ago the missionary enterprise was in its infancy. What was the situation in· home churches and in foreign fields fifty years ago V How much more wide awake to her missionary responsibility is the Church of today? What changes have taken place in missionary giving, in missionary vision, in the training of the young, in the basis of the missionary appeal?

One hundred years ago there were no Protestant Christian mis- sionaries in Japan, Korea, Central Asia or Ce.ntral Africa, and only a handful of native Christians were to be found in China and India and Moslem lands. What was the situation in these countries fifty years ago and what progress has been made since then?

While America was discovered over four and a quarter centuries ago, Christian settlements one hundred years ago had penetrated only a few hundred miles from the eastern coast. What was the home mission situation in 1878-among Indians, Negroes, Orientals, aliens and migrant workers? How much progress has been made since that time~ .

A close view of conditions never gives a true idea of progress.

The virtues and the faults of our immediate surroundings, or of our contemporaries, are too apparent. .We need to take a long look back- ward in order to note the relative conditions and to appreciate the progress or retrogression. By such a survey we may learn the lessons taught by history and may see how to work more effectively for the present and the future. Read what the missionary leaders say on these subjects in our December and January issues.

COOPERATION IN HOME MISSIONS V ARIOUS denominational boards and local agencies have bee11 brought together into closer sympathy and helpful fellowship in service through the Home Missions Council and the state councils. The general theory of cooperation is easier to promote than is the practice of the theory.

In the state of Idaho, a home missions council was formed which has not only accepted the principle of cooperation, but has allocated sixty-two fields to various denominations-Methodist, Baptist, Pres- byterian, Episcopal, Congregational and United Presbyterian. Most of these fields in the four counties of southern Idaho have since been occupied.

In Montana, the state council of workers from various denomina- tions has met twice a year in conference for frank discussion. Fields have not been allocated, but a study of the State has been made and principles of allocation have been adopted-to give each district adequate service and to give the people in each district a choice of the ministry they prefer.

In Kansas, the representatives of various evangelical churches have met and decided upon the basis for an interdenominational church council to study the religious work of the State; to lay plans for better interchurch cooperation; to provide an efficient religious program for every State. .

The North Dakota Council of Church Superintendents has adopted an aggressive program to reach every community with the gospel message so as completely to evangelize the State. This pro- gram includes (l)discovery meetings j (2) a survey of the religious needs of each district; (3) a study of the best means for supplying those needs; (4:) an aggressive effort to supply the needs by personal service from existing churches; (5) evangelism of unoccupied fields by pastors and teams of laymen.

In Nevada, a state of very scattered population, a beginning has been made by a conference of state superintendents of church work at which it was determined to study the conditions in the State and to develop plans of cooperation. Unchurched and over-churched communities were discussed and some were allocated for special cultivation by colporteurs, Sunday-school workers and evangelists.

In some districts, full-grown boys and girls have never yet had an opportunity to attend a church service of any kind. Nevada will be a home mission territory for some years to come.

In western Washington, the Seattle council of churches is study- ing ways and means to give religious privileges to every group -social and racial-of all ages and both sexes. Every religious group is urged to assume special responsibility and to cooperate so as to avoid overlapping and waste of effort, men and mouey.

Wyoming has a Home Missions Council, has surveyed the State and held interdenominational conferences. Some cooperative work has been done and some agreemeuts as to division of territory have been reached. Only a beginning has, however, been made.

The· Home Missions Council. the Council of Women for Home Missions, and the Federal Council of Churches have jointly called a conference on "Comity and Cooperation" to meet in Cleveland, Ohio, January 20 to 22, 1928.

at the Institute of Pacific

BY REV. DANIEL 3". FLEMING, PH.D., NEW YORK Author of "Whither Bouud iu Missions," etc.

I T IS fascinating to see human folks about the earth feeling out toward diplomatic and social machinery that will make for a better world. Still frail and experimental and yet containing the possibilities of immense significance for the world is the Institute of Pacific Relations which held its second session in Honolulu, Hawaii, July 14th-28th. No Christian who is thinking in world terms can fail to be interested in this agency for pooling the varied experiences of the on-going peoples about the Pacific in the hope that guidance may be drawn therefrom for the future. .

The Institute of Pacific Relations differs from the Williamstown Institute of Politics in that the latter is composed ahnost exclusively of Americans and has no interim activities whether of research, edu- cation or publicity. Similarly the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London is an agency of one people, being made up of a small number of influential Britishers including government experts who carryon private discussions. The World Peace Foundation confines itself to the publication of pamphlets. The Foreign Policy Association issues a valuable information service and holds bi-weekly luncheons followed bv addresses and discussions. The Council of Foreign Affairs is co~posed of a small group of Americans who hold Round Table discussions throughout the winter and publish the valu- able quarterly Foreign Affairs. The "League" is an affair between governments.

Differentiated from these organizations the Institute of Pacific Relations confines itself to the Pacific. It is not the agency of any one people, for members came to the recent session in Honolulu as follows: United States, 44; Japan, 18; Canada, 16; Hawaii, 15; China, 14; Great Britain, 14; Australia, 5; New Zealand, 5; Korea, 3; Philippines, 3. It is a voluntary unofficial organization based on national groups and purposely gathers together men and women of the most varied viewpoints such as social and religious workers, financiers, men of affairs, labor leaders, university professors, and technicians in many lines.

The object of the Institute is to study and interpret the thought, culture, activities and institutions of the Pacific countries; and to examine into and seek remedies for international and interracial friction and to develop closer cooperation and friendship. Govern- ments tend to wait until the blaze is started. The Institute seeks to anticipate friction points and to see whether international misunder- 809

standings cannot be cleared, hates tempered and racial conflicts avoided by a search for and use of factual knowledge.

To this end the Institute carries out a threefold program, holding a two weeks' session every two years, carrying on continuous research, and instituting processes of popular education. The Institute has demonstrated that persons of the most varied intellectual, cultural and racial backgrounds can, when eating and living together, discuss with frankness and mutual respect issues that are intensely controversial. In such an atmosphere sources of ill-will are discovered, gaps in data are laid bare, tolerance and comprehension are' engendered and solutions visioned. However, the Institute permits no resolutions and leaves results in action to its various members.

It must be interesting to readers of the REVIEW that a body with such personnel and objectives should devote four round tables and one forum to the subject of foreign missions. At the first institute, in 1925, it became evident that Christian missions were a large factor in the relations of peoples about the Pacific basin, but there was no adequate factual statement which could be used as the basis of discussion as the extent to which Christian missions are an international asset or an international liability. Such an evaluation for the purpose of the Institute should be inclusive-that is, giving missions their appropriate place and setting among the total forces making for social change. It should, also, be objective, not merely an apology for missions. Efforts are being made to secure such an evaluation of missions by a thoroughly impartial body."

Questions such as the following were made the basis of the roundtable discussions: How do the nationals in countries to which missionaries go evaluate the missionary enterprise?

How far do those who hold certain religious beliefs possess the inherent right to propagate them?

How far should national considerations affect the conduct and activity of missionary work?

What principles should guide action in regard to indemnities for loss of life or property by missionaries?

What limitations may a government rightly or wisely place upon the propagation of religion by aliens?

To what extent, if at all, should missionaries mix in politics? What ethical standards should mark the contact of one religion with another in order to make for harmony and growth?

Mr. T. Z. Koo classified the objections against missions in China *Prof. Harlan P. Beach, that veteran and be-Ioved author and student of missions. has at the request of the American section of the Tnstitute. preparf'rl a monolrraoh of 76 pages on "Missions as a Cultural Factor in the Pacific." All friends of missions should have this study at their disposal for Prof~ Beach has brought together into this compact form a mass 01' valuable material. He discusses the extent and the nature of the social and cultural effects of missions in the South Sea Archipelagoes. the Hawaiian Islands, the Philippine Islands. China, Japan and Chosen. It may be secured from the American Committee, lnstitUite of Pacific Relations, 129 E. 52d St., New York City. Other papers on missions prF'senteif tn fre Institnte in printed or mimeographed form we-re "A Memorandum on MiSSions," by Henrv T. Hodgkin; "Facing the Future of the Missionary Movement" by Fldward H. Hurne; "The 'rrransfer of Authoritv .and Control from America to the Orien't," by A. L. Warnshuis; "Sue-gestions for a Cod… of ·Ethics for Relations between Religions'" by n. J. Fleming: "Missionary Problems from an Anthropological Viewpoint," by T. F. McIlwraith.

MISSIONS AT THE INSTITUTE OF PACIFIC RE,LATIONS

under four heads. Some oppose Christianity not as a religion but because it is implicated in unjust treaty provisions. Others, influenced by the communists, think of religion as a drug prepared and used by the capitalists to lull the senses of the submerged classes, and they attack Christianity as the most active religion. The nationalists oppose Christianity as superstition and are a group to be seriously considered. Finally "the man in the street" claims that Christians do not practice what they preach. After a distinguished non-Christian member of the Institute had weighed Christianity's possible contribution to China, Mr. Koo quite unconsciously revealed how real and precious his Christian experience had been to him and said that in the end one must mainly take the judgment of Christians on this matter of what Christianity can mean to China, for the experience of being a Christian was something non-Christians could not know. This young but great Chinese leader stated his conviction that modern science is not going to make a new people out of the Chinese. "It is contact with God which alone makes for rebirth."

PRESENT TENDENCIES Another member from China, a secretary of the National Christian Council, Rev. Henry T. Hodgkin, listed the present tendencies in the missionary movement as the recognition of faults in Western civilization, the desire to relinquish control of the church, the desire to eliminate special privileges, increasing emphasis on the constructive side and on values in non-Christian systems, and greater stress on social and international aspects.

Far from sounding a note of mere defense or explanation, Mr. Hodgkin held that the missionary movement had in the main been a factor making for better understanding and good will, and that this was never more true than today in spite of certain evidences to the contrary to which much attention has been turned. He based this contention on the fact that the missionary movement has put into many lands a multitude of men and women of good will who, whatever their faults, have rendered and, are rendering unselfish service of a very high grade and are showing by life even more than by word that racial barriers can be overcome and that there is a basis on which the deepest fellowship can be achieved between persons of varying points of vie-w. The actual work done in schools, colleges, hospitals, asylums, churches, etc., has created numerous points of mutual understanding, has broken down prejudices, and has produced men and women in the countries concerned who have the international spirit. Furthermore, the missionary has, on the whole, acted as a wholesome ('heck upon other aspects of racial contacts inspired by less worthy ideals; and, on the whole, the missionary has sought to interpret the East to the West. In fact the essential message of the Christian mis-

sionary is one of reconciliation. Where that message has gripped men it has done its own work.

A third member from China, Dr. Edward H. Hume, until recently head of "Yale-in-China," pointed out that the possible outcome of the present situation may be that Christianity may cease to be a force in the Orient, that materialism may become widespread, and that the West may lose the opportunity to cooperate with the Orient in the spiritual realm. He held that four things are fundamental in formulating a new philosophy of missions-a new interpretation of Christianity and its founder; a new understanding of the spiritual values in Oriental religions; a missionary force that will approach the Orient as humble students of religion, who will remain students all their lives, who will be unassuming, cooperative fellow workers in a spiritual task; and finally there must be messengers from the Orient bringing a religious message to the West, enlarging and enriching our conception of Christianity. Though a medical man and recent head of the University in China, Dr. Hume was convinced that the future .work of missions is likely to consist more largely in interpreting the life, message, sacrifice and spirit of the Founder of the Christian religion, rather than merely in philanthropic activities, however significant these might be. The Orient will call for effective interpreters of the religious spirit, rather than for technical skill only.

THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL VIEW The anthropological viewpoint was well represented at the Institute. Meeting out in mid-ocean with the welfare of the peoples of the Pacific particularly in mind, the Institute found the interests of the Pacific Islanders peculiarly gripping. Dr. Buck, a native Maori of New Zealand, recently called to the staff of the Research Museum in Honolulu, gave an appraisal of the work of missions among island peoples, and while he was able to point out examples of certain harmful results he did not hesitate to say that the effect of mission work has been beneficial.

Prof. T. F. Mc Ilwraith, an anthropologist of the University of Toronto, expressed the opinion that missionaries have great opportunities for protecting the aborigines and mitigating the peril of the contact of civilizations, and that on their efforts may depend the ultimate survival of many of the Pacific Islanders. Certainly the missionary enterprise has a profound influence upon peoples of relatively simple culture.

Every effort must be made, according to Prof. Mc Ilwraith, to minimize the effects of conversion upon aspects of life intimately associated with the old re1igion, but not equally associated with the new, and at the same time to provide outlets for the energies of the convert in cases where readjustment is necessary, for conversion may entail abstaining from protracted religious rites. In such cases the

MISSIONS AT THE INSTITUTE OF PACIFIC RELATIONS

convert, idle at a time when he has been accustomed to celebrations of a sacred, social or ceremonial nature, is in a state of mind in which his powers of resistance to new temptations are weakened. On the other hand, conversion may permit the performance of various acts previously forbidden. Converts, eager to adopt the customs of the missionary, may give up many useful handicrafts, as well as diversions of a harmless nature. This is to be deplored as providing lacunae in the habitual life, besides destroying valuable and artistic elements of primitive civili'zation.

An interesting illustration of the way in which unforeseen effects upon the moral life of primitive peoples may result from eradicating certain customs without first finding the function which they serve in the social structure of the community, was given in on~ of the round tables. The uncompromising suppression of head-hunting among certain Melanesian tribes led to grave consequences in the moral life of the community in which head-hunting played a very important part. Thus the possession of a head was a necessary qualification for a young man contemplating marriage. Under these circumstances the uncompromising suppression of head-hunting was practically a suppression of the marriage ceremony and the effect on the moral life of the community was disastrous. Finally a policy was evolved by the administration, by which all previously captured heads were confiscated and heads so obtained were hired out for weddings for two shillings and sixpence!

While the Institute was, strictly speaking, not a religious meeting, it was marked by intense solicitude for all of life and speaker after speaker revealed a depth of interest in human welfare. The world's food problem was seen to be a moral issue. The sentence with which chairman Wilbur closed the Institute well characterized the serious, reverent spirit in which the members from the various Pacific peoples made their common search for a better way.

"We are all parts of a stupendous whole Whose body nature is and God the souL"

WITNESS OF A BUSINESS MAN Here is the testimony of Henry G. Adams of the University of Michigan, adviser to the Chinese Republic on the standardization of Railway Accounts.

"When I went out to China I did not think much of foreign missions or foreign missionaries, but I now take off my hat to the missionaries. I have never contributed much to foreign missions but now I expect to put everything that I can spare into the foreign mission offering. The missionaries are a noble lot of men and women and are rendering a very great service to the people of China."

Without

BY REV. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL, D.D., POUGHKEEPSIE, NEW YORK Author of "The Life of Christ," etc.

G IVE US Ohrist without Ohristianity. Weare ready to listen as you tell us about Him; we may, perhaps, be persuaded to accept Him; but, if you wish us to become His followers, do not tie Him up with Christianity." This is the demand coming from various non-Ohristian lands today. It is too strong to be ignored. Indeed, we have no wish to ignore it. If men can be won to our Lord by offering Him apart from the religion that bears His name, we rejoice to win them in that way. But we must first consider carefully whether, in an attempt to offer Ohrist without Ohristianity, we may not fail to offer Him at all, or at least, as we should.

Several causes have combined to create the demand. One is the seeming breakdown of Ohristianity in the Great War. Another is the suspicion that the Western Powers are eager to spread Ohristianity in order to gain political or commercial domination. Another is the recent wave of nationalism, felt all around the world and sweeping with special force across India and China, which causes Ohristianity to be denounced as foreign and deadening to patriotism. The Orient of today differs noticeably from the Orient of a few years ago in its readiness to recognize the charm of Jesus, the spirituality of His teachings, and the high example of His sacrificial life. But it increasingly insists, "Let us have Him without Christianity." CAN THIS BE DONE 7 Confessedly, in the nearly nineteen centuries of its existence, much has gathered around Christianity, claiming to be an essential part of it, that few can wish transported into non-Ohristian lands. There are denominational divisions-arising sometimes from circumstances, sometimes from undue emphasis on special truths, sometimes from selfishness and strife-that we ourselves deplore and feel to be a hindrance to the spread of the Gospel. There are old miscoilCeptions still lingering, ancient terms that have largely lost their original meaning, obsolete armor against heresies long vanquished, monuments to battles that were best forgotten. But these are not a part of Ohristianity, though sometimes thought to be; and the demand "Do not give them to us" deserves our heartiest endorsement.

Also, since Christianity left its Eastern birthplace it has adopted outward forms of expression that are natural and helpful to Western peoples, but strange, unattractive or even repelling to the Orient.

Our fashions of church architecture, our ecclesiastical garb (when we have one), our attitudes in worship, our sacred music, our style of 814

1927J CHRIST WITHOUT CHRISTIANITY

sermonizing, our whole Christian cult, have become in our minds so identified with Christianity that often, as a matter of course, we have insisted that they be adopted along with it. But we are more and more ceasing from that insistence. One proof of growing wisdom in mission work is the recognition that each land should have the same liberty of worshipping the Lord in forms harmonious with the national life that we claimed for ourselves when Christianity was brought to us.

Again, Christianity must not be identified with Christendom. He have to confess with shame that, despite centuries of Christian teaching, life in the so-called Christian lands is most imperfectly responsive to the influence of Christ. And this constitutes one of the greatest obstacles in foreign mission work-increasingly great today becanse we are known more intimately than ever before. Fifty years ago Roswell Dwight Hitchcock in his incisive way declared: The Judas Iscariot of Christianity is Christendom itself. At first, Christianity had no Christendom at all behind it-had only the incomparable personality. and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. There was then no Christian England, forcing opium on China; no Christian America driving Chinamen across the continent from San Francisco to New York; no sailors, Greek, Catholic or Protestant, defiling every seaport of every continent and island. If Christendom were only Christian really, how much longer would China probably be Confucian? or Japan Buddhistic? or India Brahmanic? or Turkey Mohammedan? These are painful questions; painful and humiliating.

After half a century this stern accusation of Christendom can be repeated with very little change. We have to acknowledge its justice, and can only say in reply, "These things ought not so to be. " But the sins of Christendom are not the fruits of Christianity, and we rightly refuse to have it known by them.

If "Christ without Christianity" means simply Christ without such Western hindrances to accepting Him, we can welcome the demand that is arising. Even if some of these things are dear to us, they must not be placed as stumbling-blocks in the way of our brotherH But I question if it does not mean something much more than thi!::>, and something we cannot so readily endorse. It seems to mean that the missionary should present Christ in only two ways. One way is to set forth the Christ of his own personal experience, proclaiming what the Lord has done for him and is to him, and giving no creed or confession save that which has grown out of this intimate acquaintance. The other way is to hold strictly to the gospel story, presenting Jesus as men knew Him in the beginning when there was yet no organized church, no prescribed forms of worship, no elaborate creed, nothing but the Master Himself and a little band who followed Him because they loved Him.

We all agree that personal experience of Christ is an indispensable prerequisite for missionary work, and a most effective help in

carrying it on. To offer a Christ known only by report, a Saviour whose healing touch has not been felt, a Master whose commands are not the sole law of life, a Oompanion whose presence is not a constant joy and strength, is to labor in vain. The preaching may be most eloquent, the methods of work most excellent, the zeal most commendable; but the living force that goes forth to create new life is not there. That old and obsolescent expression, "vital piety," remains the best statement of the fundamental qualification of a missionary. He must have direct, constant and close contact with the Lord in whose name he offers the Gospel. But personal experience cannot give the whole message he ought to deliver. The fullness of Ohrist is beyond the grasp of even the most spiritually-minded disciple. He may say with truthfulness, "I know whom I have believed, " yet he will hasten to add, "I know only in part. " The gospel of personal experience is not merely incomplete; it is in danger of becoming distorted and harmful. Ohristian history shows that the men who have wrought greatest injury by strange doctrines have been those. who caught only partial glimpses of the truth but were confident that they saw the whole. Testimony concerning what Ohrist is to us may be humbly presented to others and prove helpful; but the gospel we should endeavor to grasp and proclaim is what Ohrist has been and is to the whole world. The Ohrist of personal experience is only the introduction to the Christ of history.

Shall we, then, attempt to meet the demand for Christ without Christianity by offering Him as the Twelve knew Him in the days of His flesh, the Ohrist who is placed before us in the gospel record of those days 1 This does not seem to be what the demand means. Stanley Jones tells us that the Brahman desires to have Christ presented "dressed in Sadhu's garments, seated by the wayside with the crowds about Him, healing blind men who felt their way to Him, putting His hands upon the heads of poor, unclean lepers who fell at His feet, announcing the good tidings of the Kingdom to stricken folks, staggering up a lone hill with a broken heart, and dying upon a wayside cross for men, but rising triumphantly and walking on that road again"; and he says that this Ohrist of the Indian Road in his opinion differs not at all from the Christ of the Galilean Road. It seems to me that there is a real difference caused not by change in garb and environment-these are insignificant-but by emphasis of only those features that harmonize with the Indian idea of saintliness; The Ohinese mandarin would find little attraction in this picture of Jesus as a Sadhu. He· would demand that he be presented as a Great Teacher, The Master of Heavenly Learning, clothed in the robes of a scholar, journeying with eager disciples from city to city-, inviting men to learn of Him, offering the treasures of spirittihl wisdom, teaching the laws of the Kingdom of God. Both of 'these pictures can be found in the gospel story; but can either or botFi·eom-f

CHRIST' WITHOUT CHRISTIANITY

bined be pronounced a complete presentation of Jesus of Nazareth? While we are glad to have each nation discover in Him something that makes Him seem peculiarly its own, is it not dangerous to put the main emphasis upon this when we place Him before them ~ They insist properly that we recognize the greatness of their own religious masters, Confucius, Zoroaster, Gautama and the others. But does not this create a special need that we set forth the uniqueness and transcendent claims of Jesus, lest their acceptance of Him shall be little more than giving Him a place alongside of those whom they already adore?

Suppose, however, that we place before those who demand Christ without Christianity, not a partial but-so far as we can-a complete picture of Jesus as the gospel story gives it. Is that revelation of our Lord the full one which we pdze for ourselves and long to give to others? Certainly, throughout all His public ministry when He tried to reveal Himself to the Twelve, their many limitations, their dullness, apathy, misunderstanding, jealousies and selfish ambitions kept Him from making Himself known, and greatly tried Him. "Do ye not perceive, neither understand? Having eyes see ye not, and having ears hear ye not?" But what most hindered was the fact that the manner and meaning of His work of redemption could not be made clear until that work was finished on Calvary. "I have a baptism to be baptized with; and how am I straitened until it be accomplished!" After the resurrection these hindrances were largely removed,. The disciples now were eager to listen and learn; and He had a full message to give them. Now, on the walk to Emmaus, He could expound in the Scriptures the things concerning Himself; and the hearts of His two fellow travellers burned within them as they listened. How our hearts, too, would burn if that wonderful exposition could be placed before us! Now the command, "If any man will come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me," would be full of meaning. Do we ever think how meaningless it must have been before Jesus Himself had borne the cross? Many a time in the earlier days He had been forced to say, "What I do thou knowest not now, but thou shalt know hereafter." The period of the Forty Days was an important part of that promised time of clearer knowledge; for then the meaning of all the steps that led to Calvary became evident, and the seed for which hitherto there had been only hard-trodden or stony ground could find a fertile resting-place in a soil that had been furrowed by the anguish of the Crucifixion, the utter despair of the day that followed, and the overwhelming joy of Easter Sunday. The hours of communion with the Risen Christ were the final preparation for the Sermon of Pentecost.

Wonderful as is the gospel story, it is only a portion of the revelation of Christ; for in it, as the Evangelist Luke reminds us, 2

We have simply what Jesus "began both to do and to teach until the day in which He was taken up." The revelation of Himself to His followers went on when by a reincarnation He wrought among men in another body which is the Church; His disciples still saw His mighty works and heard His life-giving words. Saint Paul could assure the Corinthians, "We have the mind of Christ," and could appeal to the Ephesians, "Ye did not so learn Christ, if so be that ye heard Him and were taught in Him." Who was the Christ that Paul preached among the nations ~ Evidently He was not simply the Jesus whom Peter proclaimed at Pentecost, though I am sure that when Paul spent those fifteen days in Jerusalem with Peter, he eagerly sought every item of Peter's years with Jesus. N'or was He, as is often asserted, an unhistorical Christ, framed by the apostle out of Greek philosophy and Oriental gnosticism and his own heated imaginations.. It was the Christ who had been revealed to him in many ways-in what the Twelve had gained when they followed Jesus, in what the Apostolic Church had learned through His working in its midst, and in Paul's own union with Him by faith, a union so close that he could declare,'''I live, yet not I, but Christ liveth in me." The Christ of Paul was the Christ whom men crucified, now more fully revealed and therefore more fully known.

Much the same might be said about the Christ of the Fourth Gospel which, because it agrees so closely with Paul's presentation of the Divine Lord, is likewise declared unhistorical. I would maintain on the contrary that in the real sense of the word it is the most historical of the Four Gospels. Its writer, if he were the apostle John (as I see no good reason for doubting), had known Jesus both in the flesh and in the Spirit; had seen and heard Him on the Isle of Patmos, as well as on the Mount of Transfiguration; had watched His labors in and for the Church during decades of struggle and persecution and progress. And realizing how difficult it was to recognize in the Synoptics the Lord as he had come to know Him, the Eternal Logos, he wrote out certain chapters in the ministry of Jesus as they now appeared to him in the light of his fuller knowledge of the Master, giving the inner meaning of their events and teachings, that "ye may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing ye may have life in His name." The Gospel of John comes nearest to what would be a perfect Gospel, a Life of Jesus written by Himself. And those who know the ever-present Christ most intimately find it the most satisfactory of our Four Gospels.

Assuredly any presentation of Christ must not leave out what Paul and John have given us. If it does, it will fail to make the deity of Our Lord shine out as clearly as it ought, and may produce nothing more vital than religious hero-worship. But John and Paul and the Apostolic Age in which they were leaders, belong to Christianity; and their teachings are a part of Christian doctrine which,

G'HRIST WITHOUT CHRISTIANITY

the demand is, should not be presented. Shall we, then, be faithful witnesses to Ohrist, if we yield to the demand ¥ And how about the later ages, and the revelation of Ohrist in them ¥ For they must have brought a revelation, unless He is an absent and not an ever-present Lord. Down through the centuries Ohristianity, which is Ohrist incarnate, has been working and teaching, winning new peoples, overcoming new foes, crucified often but each time coming forth afresh from the tomb. Greek philosophy, Roman imperialism, Teutonic individualism, Anglo-Saxon pragmatism, the darkness of ignorance, the terrors of superstition, the insolence of atheism, the arrogance of science, the delirium of pleasure, the heartlessness of greed-Ohrist in His body, the Ohurch, has met them all; and by His dealings with them has revealed Himself increasingly to the world, most intimately to His followers. Are we so blind to His presence and works that He must say to us, as to Philip, "Have I been so long time with you, and yet hast thou not known Me?"

Truly we have come to know Him better and to understand Him more perFectly. Our thought of Him is not the same as that which our fathers cherished when they proclaimed Him to the world. Nay, put .the time shorter than that. More than one minister has said to me, "Of all the sermons I prepared before the Great War, there is not one I could preach to day." Doesn't that mean that a new vision of the world's terrible need, and of Ohrist as the only one able to supply that need, has been brought by the horrors of those years of hatred and murderT We have not discovered a new Ohrist, nor have we discovered Ohrist anew; but we have gained (if we have been willing to receive it) a further, fuller revelation of Him in this frightful experience through which Ohristianity has passed. And this Ohrist whom we have learned to know, as never before, is the Ohrist whom we should present to the non-Ohristian world, for He is the Ohrist they need as well as we.

Suppose we should give them what they demand as Ohristwithout Ohristianity-the simple figure of the Galilean with nothing further that has been granted us concerning Him and His attitude toward all our modern problems and perils. Will that be enough to preserve the childlike faith of the Bible Ohristians in Korea when now they suddenly are confronted with the newest radical criticism brought in by their Japanese conquerors ~ vVill it be enough to guide the Ohinese safely throu/-!,h their revolution not only of rulers but of education and morals and domestic and economic life~ Will it produce in India, struggling for unity and independence, much greater E'fIect than Gandhi's fruitless appeals for non-resistance and brotherly love~ Oertainly, we need far more for ourselves. We need all that Ohristianity past and present reveals of Ohrist-Ohrist in international relations and in politics, Ohrist in business and in recreations, Ohrist

in education and social life and race relations and all the problems and conditions of the twentieth century. And these same probiems and conditions are fast being forced upon non-Ohristian nations. Shall we leave our brothers to discover for themselves the mind of Christ concerning them, giving the gospel story but speaking no word of what He has taught us in the Christian centuries because, forsooth, He is to be kept separate from Ohristianity~ Must we not rather offer them our utmost comprehension of Him, the highest and best that we have gained; and for that purpose, as well as for our own salvation, must we not ever strive to recognize clearly His selfrevelation as the centuries have increasingly brought it to us?

WHAT CAN I GIVEl What can I give from Sunday to Sunday of TIME or THOUGHT, of PRAISE or PRAYER, of MONEY, of TESTIMONY, of SERiVICE?

1. Sunday-Give Time. Set the week apart, and make a specific interval each day to listen to the challenge of the hour, and to learn the will of God concerning it.

2. Monday-Give Thought. Consider the purpose of Christ for the world: the mission of the Church; the universal appeal of the Gospel; your own relation to it all: seek to realize as well as to understand the work that is being attempted.

3. Tuesday-Give Praise. Recall the story of the world-wide triumphs of the Gospel. Remember the rich blessing of the past year, and remind yourself how greatly God is gladdened by the gratitude of His people.

4. Wednesday-Give Prayer. Dig deeper channels by definite believing concentrated prayer-the inwrought prayer of a righteous man that availeth much in its working. The prayer that will reach heaven will reach every mission field.

5. Thursday-Give Money. Out {)f your riches or your poverty consecrate the special oblation. I1et it be extra to all vou have done or have hitherto proposed to do. Deny yourself. Give to the point of sacrifice. Bring your gift, not forgetting that the Lord Himself sits over against the Treasury.

6. Friday-Give Testimony. Proclaim your faith in Christ and in Missions. Tell others what the Gospel is doing on the earth. Record your assurance of the ultimate victory of the Son of Man.

7. Saturday-Give Yourself. Christ gave Himself for you and for all mankind. He asks you to give yourself to His service, to represent Him in the world.

A Medical Trip to Kateef, Arabia*

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., BAHRAIN, PERSIAN GULF Author of "The Arab at Home."

T HE medical staff at Bahrain have just made a trip to Kateef, one of the loveliest spots in Arabia. Three hundred and sixty flowing springs water a narrow strip of date gardens extending along the coast for fifteen miles. The soil is good and the water flows into the gardens with no necessity for lifting it by means of donkeys.

Kateef has been the pearl of Eastern Arabia for centuries. Kateefees are Mohammedans, but of the heretical Shiah persuasion. They are not persecutors, and it is easier to gain permission to live among them than among Arabs. Once they see the benefits of modern medicine they beg for a missionary hospital. But they .will not eat nor drink with an "infidel," and it is harder to come into real contact with them than with any other class we meet in Arabia. The Arab wears dirty clothes and lives in a clean house. Arab women must be wonderful housekeepers to maintain such a standard against such odds. The Kateefees wear clean clothes but live in unspeakable houses. Such dark, dingy rooms as Kateef women live in are scarcely to be duplicated elsewhere, and the rich are little better off than the poor. Some houses will remain engraved on mif'- sionaries' memories till those missionaries get to Heaven: a small cramped interior court roofed from the sun, shut off from all air, indescribably dirty, a pool of stagnant water in the middle, a cow eating a bundle of alfalfa in one unclean corner. Off from this twilight of filth open little square holes of utter darkness. In and out of these square holes women crawl. "The trouble with you," I wid to one of my Kateefee friends, "is that here in Kateef women are so cheap." "They are not," eame the somewhat heated reply. "Far from it. We pay more for our women when we marry them than in any other section of all Arabia !" It is in such communities that the Gospel must make its way. The people living in Kateef probably number 50,000 and those in Deman perhaps 10,000. Besides, Kateef is the first stepping stone to the interior, the goal of the Arabian Mission for thirty-five years. Miss Dalenberg, one of our party, brought with her a nurse from the Beirut Training School, and together they wrestled with between twenty-five and a hundred and fifty sick and impatient and unreasonable women every day. Mrs. Harrison came with the t":"o small ~'From Th~ Christian Intelligencer and· Mission. Field., 821

boys and spent all the time she had and almost more than that much strength in visiting Arab women.

The Gospel gets a wonderful hearing under such circumstances. The visitors are met with the utmost cordiality, and the missionaries' democracy in accepting the hospitality of the people and offering theirs in return wins as many hearts as the virtues of the medicine they give out.

Half of OpT job in Arabia is getting into the country, for up till now we are stationed only along the coast looking with the eyes of faith at the wall that keeps us out. A battering ram such as we managed to mobilize this time is somewhat ponderous. Risk to health, loss of time, and expense in money are all multiplied, but the purpose of these trips is' not to furnish picnics for tired missionaries. It is to open tightly closed fanatical Moslem territory to the Gospel. Olosed territory is opened only when permanent missionary institutions can be set up and the Gospel continuously presented. F.or that purpose such a party has an effectiveness quite incomparable.

The small boys were not useless impediments. They played with the ..Arab boys and had occasionally to be spanked just as happens in the climate of Bahrain. Missionaries of four and six are the best dissolvers of unreasoning hostility that can be found. The opportunity to see intimately the infidel's family life does more to disarm prejUdice than any other thing that we can possibly bring to the Arabs. It is the women that keep us out of Inland Arabia. In the early days of Kuwait station, Mrs. Oalverley and her baby did more to keep us in that bigoted place than all the rest put together. Mrs. Harrison spent six weeks in Hassa seven years ago, before the political situation had become so complicated, and at the end of that time, the request for a missionary hospital had the endorsement of the Governor himself. The same thing happened on this trip. When we left, probably not ten votes could have been mustered in the whole community against our return as permanent residents.

The King's business requireth haste! Everything except the affairs of the Kingdom of God seems to be moving fast. We did not go on this trip in a sailboat. We went in a motor launch, and took our Hospital Ford so we might work two towns in one trip. There is now a regular launch service.between Bahrain and Kateef, and a company is being formed to connect the different towns for thirty miles up and down the coast by means of an automobile taxi service. Bin Saoud moves between Riadh and Mecca in motors covering in two days what used to require as many weeks. A fleet of perhaps a thousand autos carries pilgrims between Jiddah and Mecca. Men are beginning to agitate for modern schools in Hassa. Surely this is the time to preach the Gospel to the ·Arabs. The idols

A MEDICAL TRIP TO KATEEF, ARABIA

that sit on the thrones of their souls are changing, changing more profoundly and more rapidly than is easily realized.

There is nothing difficult to understand in this situation, for the pastor or layman who is burning himself out for Christ at home. The Arabs are bound by the same sins that bind men the world over. Pride shuts God out of their lives just as it does in America. Indeed, the sins of Arabia are coming to wear the same clothes as at home, and even to use the same vocabulary. But there is this difference-the impact of prayer sufficient to break men away from their environment and set their feet in the path of Salvation must come from ten thousand miles away. The Arabian Mission needs money. We need better missionaries even more. But neither of these is our deepest need. We need an outpouring of God's miraculous power. Nothing else will set men free in Arabia. The Arabs are interested in education at last and governments are providing it. They are interested in every Western luxury and convenience and their merchants are providing them. But what they need is Eternal Life 1 Only Christ can provide that and He only through us.

A CHINESE FATHER AND HIS SONS RECENTLY a devout Chinese Christian, eighty-four years of age, suffered extreme persecution at the hands of his two sons. They said to him, "You follow the foreign devil; we will not support you. You will then become a second devil. You go your way and we will go ours." At times they would beat him, make him carry his own water, prepare his own food, and sleep in a cold tumbled-down hut. They would steal the little grain and vegetables he had and pull up his wheat. They devised every scheme possible to prevent him from attending worship on Sundays and mid-week prayer-meetings. They hid his Bible and songbook. He patiently endured but later appealed to the village-elder for assistance but in vain. Finally he decided to bring the matter to the Chinese court and walked forty miles to see the official. Just as he entered the large city gate, he seemed', to hear a voice saying to him, "Why not travel the heavenly road to the little church on the hill-side instead of the worldly, devil's road?" He was obedient to his heavenly vision and when he came to the church, by God's appointment, the pastor with his smiling countenance was standing in the gate-way ready to meet him. After he had told his pathetic story, they both kneeled in prayer and his burden became one hundred per cent lighter. He went home rejoicing and praising God. His sons treated him differently and he urged them to study the sufferings of Jesus. A' great change took place in, their characters and they began to show a deep sympathy and love for their aged father. Before the faithful father died he had the glory of seeing his two sons received into the fellowship of the Christian Church. O. BRAsKAMP, Ichowfu, China.

the Nomad

BY REV. LEIGH F. IRISH, BEERSHEBA, PALESTINE nA S THE day differs from the night so the people who dwell in the desert lands of Palestine, Transjordania, and Arabia differ from the people of the west. The very depravity of these desert people causes one who mingles with them to feel love and compassion.

One is impressed with the peculiar barrenness of Palestine and the neighboring lands. For about eight months of the year there is little of plant life to be seen except near a well or a water hole. Beside these spots there is nothing except the monotonous brown of the fields and the silent grey rocks of the hills and valleys.

Let us make two visits to Arabs whom I have seen. The first is to the wandering people who inhabit the plateau districts of Transjordania, and the second is to the Bedouins in the rolling plains to the east, south, and west of Beersheba, Palestine.

There 'is a great difference between the Arabs near Beersheba and those who wander here and there about Madaba, Transjordania, in dress as well as in customs. At the outset let us realize that there are no really educated people among these wandering tribes. They are simple-minded people who live near to nature much as animals. Their world is small and they are proud of it. When they chance to be visited by a foreigner who has not the same view of life as they, they marvel. They listen with their mouths wide open, so to speak, to stories of civilization, but the thought of the fact that they, too, might enjoy many of these blessings does not enter their minds. They are happy to talk and marvel over the new stories till sleep overtakes them and then to forget it all. The real value of life is something they do not understand.

When the first rain of winter comes, about November fifteenth, they plough their ground and plant it. After that all there is to do for three months is to sit in their tents and talk idly till harvest time comes. Then they reap their crop of wheat or barley, and pile it in heaps on hillsides or near villages where it remains a month or two. Then they thresh it and sell what is not needed to furnish their food and seed for the coming year. Some of them care for flocks of sheep and goats and herds of camels. They never look beyond their work at all except to fulfill their duty to Mohammed and his god. Their religious knowledge is as a rule summed up in the following words, "There is no God but God and Mohammed is the apostle of God." A few may know about Abraham and Moses and one or two of the other prophets, but mostly from some Moslem tradition which in the eye of Christianity is la.rgely fa.ble.

8~4 It is early in the morning in the month of June and we have spent the night in Madaba upon a hill overlooking a rather wide plain. It is slightly after sunrise and the air is hot for the sun is already at its daily task of making things and people as hot as it can. As we leave the village and start on our way westward toward Aaman, we can see black spots in the fields near by scattered in collections of from two to eight, ten, or more. Some of these spots are long and some appear to be round or even square. After travelling by auto about a half hour we turn aside from the path into the field which is very rough from being ploughed before the winter. We pick our way along, and a crooked way too, till we rise over' a small knoll or hill, and see a little group of about a dozen black and dingy tents. Dirty, scantily-clothed children are playing about, who run to their tents when we appear, for they are afraid of the automobile. Vle .

A FARMER'S MARKET AT BEERSHEBA, PALESTINE stop our car and get out anc( s everal men approach us carrying guns and with knives of various shapes dangling from their leather belts. However we are not afraid, for they respect the foreigner and especially the American. We tell them we have come to visit them.

They at once order a place to be prepared for us in one of the tents. The dirty rugs are taken up, shaken, and replaced and we are asked to sit down upon them. Other rugs are brought and rolled up in a wad at our sides for ns to lean upon.

We must not consider for a moment the fleas and lice which are living in these TUgS and which soon get into our clothes and upon us. These things are all in the bargain and a few itches and bites have to be overlooked, for these people are doing all in their power to honor us. Neither will it do for us to complain if the fire near by is poked and new fuel of dried camel manure added, making a smothering smoke which fills the tent. They are preparing to boil camel's milk for the esteemed guests to drink.

I must tell you about the dishes. They are a sight to behold and have not been washed for some time as we speak of washing. The dried milk all around the sides of them is peeling off in scales a sixteenth of an inch thick. There are two dishes and the milk is in the larger one, for there is a large supply of it. This same dish is put on the fire, for the milk to boil. A third dish no better than the others is produced from somewhere. It is in reality a fingerbowl about one and a half inches deep, and four inches across the top. A little of the hot milk is dipped up and rinsed about in the smaller dish, then emptied and refilled to the brim with milk altogether too hot to drink. We receive cup after cup till the supply is gone. Then more is brought from a mother camel hitched near by with the little camel having his dinner. A man pushes him away and milks a quart and a half of fresh milk from her, which is served to us at once heaping up with froth. It is delicious but the thought of the dish does not sharpen our appetite. After this the usual bitter coffee is served in a little cup that holds about two swallows at a time. This is the sign of real welcome with them. Time after time it is served till you feel that you will burst. This is no time to say "No thank you," and you must drink for a long time or offend your host.

Our visit this time is not to preach the Gospel to this tribe. It is to hire from among them a guide who was one of Ibn Saud's men to take a party of our missionaries for five hundred miles southeast across the deadly desert from Aaman to a city called El J auf to preach the Gospel. Don't think that we neglected this tribe by not preaching to them. If we had done so there would have been danger that they would not have allowed our guide to go with us to EI Jauf, and there are not many men who know the desert trails. These tribes are often visited by our missionary in Madaba and thus they hear the message of life.

The result of that visit was that we were able to hire our guide and since that time three of our missionaries, a native interpreter and the guide have visited that city far within Arabia twice. The Gospel was preached and Bibles and Testaments were left.

Our second visit is to a tribe which at the time of our call was stopping to the west of Beersheba, Palestine, near the road to Gaza. I went with one of our native evangelists. We rode our bicycles due west for two and a half hours and then went to the nearest encampment we saw. We were received in all good fellowship and remained there for dinner. They served us in Arab fashion with stewed tomatoes, eggs fried in semine (a kind of oil), raw onions and the thin, paperlike whole wheat. We ate together with our host and his friends, dipping our bread into the same dishes with our fingers. The Arab is very cleanly. He will not eat without first washing his hands but it does not matter how dirty the .dish is out of which he

AMONG THE NOMAD ARABS

eats. That is never noticed. The latch string of the Arab is always out. We always receive a welcome.

We do not find these nomad farmers antagonistic to Christianity. They are pitifully ignorant even of the faith of which they profess. They listen to the Gospel most attentively and often ask questions. One blessing is that they never argue, for they don't know facts enough to do so. If you ask them why they are Moslems, you will be told, almost without fail, "My father was a Moslem and my grandfather and his fathers, therefore I am also." They live and do as they do because their forefathers did so.

We hnd it a fact that these simple-minded people are not able to grasp the meaning of Christianity after the hrst hearing nor after the second. One great reason for this is the lack of the knowledge of sin. Sin as we think of it and speak of it bears no like meaning to the Moslem. Especially these wandering farmers feel no need of salvation. They feel that they are good enough because they have not committed what they call sin. They may have killed men and robbed but that is nothing, that is no sin. The work among them is most discouraging if we look at the results. Results will come and are sure to come but it takes much time and energy. Follow-up work is necessary as very seldom we find one who can read or write. This makes printed matter useless. Lantern lecturing is a means that has a mighty place in the ministry to these people.

We left this encampment and turned our faces homeward. We visited two other tribes that day. In one place we saw two tents near the road and turned aside to stop a while. We were welcomed as usual, two men were there at first, but later two others came. Their ignorance was appalling, and we were spurred on by this fact to tell them simply but positively all we could about their souls' need. God helped us by His Spirit also. These men knew nothing about prophets Or about God's message to men except that Mohammed was God's apostle. Of Abraham and Moses they had never heard, which is unusual for a Moslem. We told them of Jesus and one man said, "Jesus, who is he1" So for some time we told and retold the story of Life to those who had never heard.

It is not the opposition which makes preaching the Gospel among the Nomad Arabs hard, nor is it the hardship physically. These sink into oblivion before the fact of the incapability of these people to grasp the meaning and importance of the simplest message we can bring to them. They do live quite near to nature, in fact too near, but in what a mist they dwell as to their comprehension of God and His relation to mankind! To those who know God and the power of the blood of Christ, let me say that prayer is most essential for without prayer we can do nothing. Let us look to our God in prayer and receive the reward that eternity alone will re. veal £orth08e who are ;faithful in this ministry.

the Assyrians of

BY MRS. J. P. COCHRAN, URUMIA, PERSIA I NA M:ohammedan land like Persia where the law prescribes that a Moslem who turns from his faith to any other is worthy of death, advertisement of those who have confessed their faith in Christ is hardly a kindness to them. ;While they may themselves proclaim their faith and still hold out to live, by lives so winsome and so helpful that their coreligionists hesitate to cut them off, or have their attempts overruled by the hand of God, yet we who live among them hesitate to relate all the hopeful and interesting stories we know about Mohammedans.

But there is a race in Persia whose members, by inheritance from forefathers for scores of generations, are permitted to live their own life and profess their own religion, under normal circumstances. These Assyrians or Chaldeans have however in the present generation been obliged to pay the price of being avowed followers of Christ and have given a signal illustration of what it means to take up one's cross and follow Him, and that for many a year.

In Urumia a population large and prosperous in pre-war days has been gradually returning from the ends of the earth whither they were driven during the war by Moslem enemies. They once had homes and churches here, pastors with a theological training, families of children being taught in village schools or the higher schools in the city. With cattle, fields, and vineyards, they were living a life of comparative prosperity under the sunny skies of their native land of Persia in 1915.

Now all this is changed. Demolished homes and churches lie in ruins with merely a wall here and there still pointing heavenward, to the source of their hope and help.

The rank and file of college-bred pastors have fallen by the way, and as yet no theological school has been able to be established, with the meager force of missionaries who also paid their quota of men to death from war conditions here.

The children who survived the years of exile under circumstances that Holt would catalogue as murder for little children, have returned, some in orphanage care at last, under the Near East Relief, some with an aunt or an uncle, some ev'en with a father or a mother. But how very, very few homes contain a father and mother and brood of their own children only.

The cattle rushed this way and that or, carried off by the enemy, were "perplexed" and are not. Only the fields remain in place, even the vineyards have been changed into useless tracts until much labor 828 and money are expended on them, whether "eaten by the palmer worm" or dug up to try and discover where the household treasures had been buried.

On returning to the shores of Lake Urumia where they disembark on their homeward way they have been heard to ask from earlier comers, "Do you ever feel safe here, any more ~ " • The horrors of the night alarms, of attacks on a village, massacre, and all the miseries through which they had passed, can not be easily erased, even by ten years of absence from the scenes and the development of other interests. However, it may be the fact that they can return to a spot where a field or vineyard or site of the old homestead can be claimed as their own and a new start made toward self support that has drawn and is still drawing the Christians home.

For the last four years only has the province been free from the reign of terror of a Koordish chief, who after the flight of the Ohristians, came down from his stronghold in the mountains to the plain of Urumia, where he repaid with interest all the evils the Mohammedans had done to the Ohristians, not on their account, but for his own pleasure and profit. During his regime the poor pulled down their houses about their ears to get the timb.ers out to sell for food to live a bit longer and were even known to save the dead bodies of their relatives for food, as long as possible, to such extremities were they reduced.

Owing to all that has transpired here it is safe to say that a strong desire for peace and tranquillity holds everyone in leash. The villages are again occupied by Christian and Moslem inhabitants. The feeling of safety on the country roads is greater, homes have begun to be rebuilt, the fields and vineyards are giving a source of livelihood to erstwhile refugees who for years lived gratefully upon a dole of food from Near East Relief, and people are beginning to visit a tailor for clothing instead of joining a line of applicants at a charity bureau.

There are beautiful and well-built vineyard houses with vinecovered walls and flower gardens, already in evidence here and there with the old time luxury of Persian food and dessert of grapes piled high on spacious trays and melons, served in halves, rosy or yellow and luscious. The crowning achievement is that the Christians who have the desire if not the opportunity for theological training are taking the Bible and going into the villages of all the Mohammedans of the plain to offer them the best there is in life, even though their own lives were so menaced and impoverished by them. They are showing how truly a Ohristian can love his enemies, do good to them that hate him and pray for them that despitefully use him and persecute him.

A system has been arranged by which a group of these evan-

gelists, going two and two, are able to reach all the villages of this tield, by tours of a month or six weeks at a time. They tind a greater openness of mind and receptiveness than ever was observed before the war, among the Moslems. How many of them may have seen Christians yield their lives rather than their faith! And it may interest them more to know what it is others are willing to die for. Indeed ."the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church"-the new church to arise in the near future.

In the city a new church is being planned and subscribed for by these same impoverished Christians, on property already bought by them. At the present a room far too small for them, accommodating only two hundred or so, the largest room available is being used as their meeting room. The children are not permitted to remain to the preaching service after Sunday-school, so a children's church is held in a room near by.

At the Christmas service of these little ones a period was given when any child or group of children who knew a song appropriate to the occasio:n might rise and sing it. The result was songs by the eight-, ten- and twelve-year-old children of parents born and raised in Urumia, in languages including Syriac, Turkish, Armenian, Russian, English and even Arabic, showing to what points of the compass their parents had fled and how even among such conditions they had kept their religion with them.

THE ORIENT AND THE OCCIDENT Bishop Nicolai of Serbia, preaching in the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York, spoke of Orient and Occident as twins who have become separated from and suspicious of each other.

The East represents wisdom and the West represents power. All through the years the East has been striving for more wisdom, and the West for m.()re power. What is wrong with the E'ast is that it lacks divine revelation, and the West lacks inspiration.

Therefore the wisdom of the East has sunk into a spiritual sadness, nothingness, idolatry and ignorance that require divine enlightenment. The power of the West has sunk into brutal wars, revolutions., suicides, divorce, fear, crime, troubles that cannot be settled by human power.

In the East the wisdom has been acquired without Christ, and in the West the power has been gained without Christ. Him who brings a better wisdom and a better power. Both have failed to heed Him who is wiser than the East and stronger than the West.

The East needs Christ to cleanse men's minds and to elevate their hearts. The West needs Christ to instill more brotherly love.

We need today most of all Christ's revealed wisdom to rectify and vivify the wisdom of the East, and His Divine inspiration to spiritualize the power of the West.

Christians a Vital Message?

BY THE REV. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN, D.D., NEW YORK Author of "The Foreigu Missionary," Etc., Etc.

W HAT have we to give to non-Christian peoples that is worth the priceless consecration of life and the expenditure of large sums of money? It is easier to discern the vital tenets of Christianity when we place ourselves in imagination in the midst of populations which do not know Christ at all and therefore have an outlook upon life which is radically different from that of men who have been iniluenced by a Christian environment. When I found myself among Hindus, Buddhists and Animists, some denomina- tional beliefs that had hitherto appeared important shrank into rela- tive insignificance, while others expanded into majestic proportions.

"What then have we Christians to give to the non-Christian world?"

We must begin where Paul began in his message to the Athenians -with the CHRISTIAN CONCEPTION OF GOD. This is the organizing principle of all true religious thinking. As soon as onel enters a non- Christian land, he realrzes that absence of the knowledge of God empties human life of much that is essential to its highest meaning.

The higher classes seldom conceive of a supreme being in terms of personality. The lower classes go to the other extreme, peopling the earth and air with spirits, usually malignant and revengeful, who haunt men from the cradle to the grave. Religion is an attempt to propitiate or outwit these evil spirits. There is no realization of a supreme Power who can be loved and who has a kindly interest in men. W. Petrie Watson, in a profound psychological analysis of the Japanese, declares that" religion conceived as God, and as a final and sufficient explanation of all phenomena, is not an Asiatic notion -and that of religion, as it is held or conceived in Europe, there is little or none in Japan. Almost equally it follows that there is wide- spread superstition.' 11 .

The Chinese are not atheists, but their conception of Deity is vague and impersonal. Practically, the religion of China ranges from animism to agnosticism.

In Korea, one often sees a tree with rags fluttering from the branches. He is told that there is a devil in the tree and that it is very curious. So the superstitous native tears a strip from his gar- ment and ties it to a limb, and while the inquisitive: devil is examining the rag, the frightened Korean dodges past. When an epidemic of cholera breaks out, the natives believe that a demon rat has gotten into the body, and they make paper cats and fasten them to their doors in the vain hope that the demons may be frightened away by their feline foes.

1 "The Future of Japan," pp. 150, 152.

831

Have we any message for the man who either does not believe in a personal God, or who fancies that He is an evil spirit trying to injure him-this man who lifts piteous hands to a paper cat~ We Ohristians know that God is a person-holy, just, merciful, our beneficent Sovereign, our loving Father. Will He hear us when we cry to Him~ This is one of the profound questions of humanity. Anxious men, ca.reworn women, suffering children, illness, adversity, bereavement-the world is full of them. In Japan's proud capital I saw a woman pitifully rub a cancerous breast against a bronze statue of Buddha. In India's metropolitan city I saw a mother prostrate herself in a temple court and carefully extend her arms before her. An attendant marked the spot which the tips of her fingers reached. Rising, she stood upon it and again prostrated herself. I learned that she had travelled in that way forty miles over the dusty high· ways and under the blistering sun in the hope that she might induce the bloody goddess Kali to save her child who lay at the point of death. Anyone who can ridicule these superstitions surely does not have the. divine pity in his heart. Rather we should see infinite pathos in such scenes and interpret them, not as evidences of willful wickedness, but as the blind searchings of the heart-broken for a help which they vaguely feel to be somewhere but of whose existence they have not learned. They " ….. stretch lame hands of faith, and grope, And gather dust and chaff."

Does God care 1 Their religions give no certain answer. The heavens remain brass and the earth iron. Ohristianity alone replies: "God is love;" "cast all your anxiety upon Him because He careth for you;" "in nothing be anxious, but in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto God;" "like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear Him." "His father saw him a great way off." Then he must have been looking for him, anxiously gazing far down the road up which he believed his erring son would yet come. We can endure the tragedies of life, bear its burdens, be undismayed by its hardships, if we are confident that over all is God who understands even if we do not, and that " ….. we cannot drift Beyond His love and care."

Amid all the hard materialism of modern life, we need to keep our faith in this vital concept of our religion. And is not this faith worth propagating throughout the whole world at any possible cost of time and toil and money?

Closely following the fact of God is the fact of THE INCARNATION". To conceive of God as a spiritual Being is not enough, enormous as its advance is upon the non-Ohristian idea. 'Without an incarnation,

HAVE CHRISTIANS A VITA[, MESSAGE'

man feels that God is distant, vague, intangible. Living in a world of physical phenomena which he apprehends by sight and sound and touch, man would find it difficult to make real to his thinking a God who had never manifested Himself to the senses which human beings are accustomed to use. Grant for the sake of argument that there are philosophers who could be satisfied without an incarnate God. Few men are philosophers, and even they are not always consistent. Thomas has been critici:zed as if he were a surprising exception; but he spoke in the voice of our common humanity when he doubtingly said: "Except I shall see in His hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into the print of the nails, and put my hand into His side, I will not believe." Thomas wanted physical evidence of spiritual reality. The Lord knew it, and He very patiently said: "Thomas, reach hither thy finger and see my hands; and reach hither thy hand and put it into my side; and be not faithless but believing." Then it was that Thomas reverently exclaimed: "My Lord and my God!"

God manifest in the flesh, living visibly among men, sharing their burdens, clarifying their obscure ideas of the Divine, and exemplifying the life of service and self-sacrifice-that was what men needed. History tells us of the universality of that desire. Almost every race has ascribed divinity to one or more of its ancestors or contemporaries. The non-Christian religions were built around deified men. Even the matter-of-fact Chinese called their emperors the Sons of Heaven and turned Confucius into an object of worship to an extent that would vastly astonish him if he could return to earth. It is true that there are intelligent Japanese who call Shintoism a patriotic cult rather than a religion, and educated Chinese who speak of Confucianism as a code of ethics: But Japanese and Chinese who have become Christians declare that, whatever may be the theory, the masses of the people make Shintoism and Confucianism religions. Buddhist writers insist that the images of Buddha are not actually worshiped, but the superstitious peasant worships them none the less. Humanity demands a God in the form of man, and where it does not have one, it proceeds to make one.

That Gautama and Confucius were good men in character and great men in ability Christians ungrudgingly concede. But who can think of fhem in comparison with J esus ~ The difference is not one of degree but of kind. Goodness in Him became sinlessness, ability became omnipotence, character became perfection.

Historic Christianity presents a divine Christ and His "Gospel is the power of God." If we have only an ideal man to present as a perfe~t example, we have no message worth carrying to the non- Christian world. That world has its own sages who, though not claiming to be sinless, were so much loftier in character than the average man that they might serve as guides to conduct and patterns J!

of propriety. But we preach One who was and who is both "very man" and "very God" and therefore One who can not only tell weak and erring humanity what the right is but who can communicate to them the power to do the right and thus answer the deepest cravings of their souls.

" Jesus is God! If on the earth This blessed faith decays, More tender must our love become More plentiful our praise.

, 'Worth while a thousand years of life, To speak one little word, If only by our faith we own The Godhead of our Lord."

The Biblical teaching concerning MAN is another vital element in our Ohristian faith. The conception of human brotherhood in a divine sonship is at a far remove from the thought of the non-Ohristian world. There is no sense of the sacredness of human life, little sympathy for the fallen. The Japanese set -an examp~e to the governments of the West by caring for the health of their troops during the Russia-Japan War. But the motive was not the rights of the men in the ranks as human beings but their efficiency as a fighting force. The Japanese authorit;es realized that sick men cannot fight, that the indi-:-idual soldier, like his rifle, should be kept in good condition, and that victory is likely to be won by the side that brings into action the largest proportion of able-bodied men. When the battle opened, no other generals ever hurled their men forward with greater disregard of human life. To the Japanese the life of the individual counts for nothing in attaining any purpose which the State may seek.

'rhe Ohinese are notorious for their callous indifference to human suffering. 'rhere are hundreds of thousands of blind and insane in China, but no one manifested any interest in them until the Ohristian missionary came. In 1913, General Luk, Governor of the Province of Kwang-si, had his soldiers shoot fifty-three lepers, throw their bodies, some still living, into a trench, saturate them with kerosene oil and set the awful mass on fire.

Of India, P. C. Mozoomdar says: "The idea of brotherhood and equality of mankind before God is not to be found in any of our ancient writings. The idea is decidedly foreign, western, and I think I might say Ohristian." '1'he Asiatic is not naturally any more' cruel than the white man; he is simply callous to suffering, makes little fuss about it in himself and is utterly indifferent to it in others.

Jesus was the first person on this planet who ever saw a man. Others had seen man in relations, man in position, man in power. Jesus was the first to see ma,n as man irrespective of the clothes that he wore, or the position that he occupied, or the wealth that he P9s-

1927J HAVE CHRISTIANS A VITAL MESSAGE?

sessed. He said that His followers were to love their enemies and do unto others as they would that others should do unto them. "One is your Father, even God, and all ye are brethren."

This teaching concerning man struck at the root of slavery and all i:n.iustice. It elevated woman and dissolved barriers of caste. It is one of the mightiest altruistic forces in the world today. There are twenty thousand fallen women in Shanghai, the wretchedest of slaves. The divine conception of humanity led a few Christian women to open a rescue home for them. 'Vord sped through the underworld that girls who could reach the home would be welcomed and cared for, and ere long it was filled. The news reached the highest official of the city and he took his wife to see this strange thing. As they walked through the building and saw the kindly ministries to those poor outcasts and the marked change in their lives, he exclaimed to h~s wife: "No one.but a Jesus person would do this!" Was there ever a finer tribute to Christian work, ever a truer characterization of it?

In innumerable ways the followers of Jesus are exemplifying His teaching by helping the weak, feeding the hungry, healing the sick, and seeking the lost. The first hospitals in Asia and Africa were built by missionaries of the Cross; so were the first orphanages, schools for the blind and the deaf and dumb, asylums for lepers and the insane, and a variety of other philanthropic institutions and movements. It is a historic fact that humane sentiment never became strong enough to prompt men to altruistic effort on a large scale for other races until Christian teaching intensified it. Today, the thousands of mission hospitals and institutions for the defective classes all over Asia and Africa are almost wholly dependent for support upon the followers of the Great Physician.

Imperfect yet is the white man's realization of our Lord's teaching. American treatment of the Negro and of Asiatic immigrants, the growing bitterness of the struggle between labor and capital, and the elemental passions which fiercely raged in the World 'Var, sorrowfully prove that ·Western nations still have much to learn. But there is profound significance in the general conviction that such manifestations of race prejudice, class strife and ruthless militarism are radically at variance with the teachings of Jesus. Never before in all history has a war been so universally condemned as the World ·War of 1914-1918, not because it was more unjustifiable than others but because the world is beginning to see that the ambitions and jealousies and hatreds, which were the real causes of the war, were fundamentally unchristian. The horrified nrotest of enli~htpned mankind was in itself a testimony, not that Christianity had failed, but that men had failed to be Christians in fact as well as in name.

Jesus' conception of man! His outlook upon humanity! "When He saw the multitudes, He was moved with compassion for them"-

com-patio, to "suffer with one,"-"because they are distressed," or according to another rendering, "torn and bleeding." Careworn, sorrowing men and women, and the Son of Man grieving over them and entering deeply into their troubles because He loved them and yearned to help them. This spirit of sympathy with man as man, this catholic recognizition of his need, this self-forgetting desire to succour him, is one of the great messages of Christianity to the world.

The truth regarding SIN is also an element in the Christian message that cannot be ignored. This is a contribution of, large value to the world, although it may appear at first glance to be one of doubtful worth. It is certainly not a pleasant one.

The non-Christian world had no more understanding of sin than it had of smallpox. One of the hardest things that missionaries have had to do is to convey a true conception of it. No word in any non- Christian language expressed the idea of sin in the sense of moral evil, and missionaries had to do what the disciples of the first century did-take some word or phrase and fill it with a new meaning. If one were 'to tell an Asiatic audience that they were sinners, they would think that he was calling them criminals or charging them with breaking some canon of etiquette. The perfect man is believed to be one who, like the Pharisee of old, punctiliously observes the prescribed rites and ceremonies of the ethnic faiths.

Non-Christian religions have never succeeded in establishing a causal connection between religion and conduct. Some of them have theori'zed about it; but no one of them has effected it. A man may meet all the requirements of modern Buddhist opinion and yet openly violate the most elementary laws of right living. Japan is the most advanced of non-Christian nations, but Ernest W. Clement, whose reliability will not be questioned by any prudent man, writes that the social evil is "not merely not condemned but actually condoned." It is considered no moral wrong for a Japanese to visit a house of ill.fame; and visitors hand in their cards and have their names registered just as if they were attending an ordinary public functiOI.. I myself have seen Buddhist priests coming out of' brothf11" in Tokyo with no appearance of confusion when they saw themselves observed. I was told that when a new resort of vice is to be opened it is not uncommon for priests to dignify the occasion by religious ceremonies.

Other Asiatic countries are little if any better. The most ob- scene things that J saw in two journeys around the world were in the temples of China and India. Confucianism ignores sexual vice, which its adherents deem at most a venial offense. The Chinese may nave a consciousness of sin; but Dr. Arthur H. Smith declared at the Edinburgh Conference that it had taken him twenty-five years to find a Chinese who had it. Mohammedanism puts a premium on lust and cruelty. Brahmanism has no term for chastity as applied to men. The most popular god in India is the god of lust; the next

HAVE CHRISTIANS A VITAL MESSAGE'

is the god of deviltry; and the third is the god of cruelty. Untruth- fulness, gambling, and a number of other vices are hardly considered by adherents of ethenic faiths.

There is vice in America; but it is not to be found in our churches, nor is it condoned by Christian sentiment. A clergyman discovered to be immoral is instantly excommunicated. Gambling hells and brothels are not opened with religious ceremonies. Vice is known to be contrary to religion. It is banned by the law and must lurk in dark places. Christians at least know that sin is not merely external to a man, a failure to keep a ceremonial rite or custom, but that it is something internal, an evil that is always and everywhere and in all circumstances radicaIly wrong. Surely we all need a keener perception of sin, a plainer declaration from the pulpit of Christ's teaching regarding it. God forbid that we should ever gloss it over or delude ourselves with the idea that any change in sociological conditions, any intellectual culture, can eradicate the sinful nature of man. Our prayer must be that of the Psalmist: "Create in me a clean heart, 0 God, and renew a right spirit within me.'~ It is clear that another essential element of the Christian's message to the world is SAINATION. Of what avail to diagnose a disease if there is no remedy for it, to tell men that sin is ruining them, if we are not able to tell of a Saviour from it ~ Here is the characteristic of our Christian religion that vitally distinguishes it from all other re1igions. Non-Christian faiths do not reveal a way of salvation. Brahmanism and Buddhism counsel men to do the best they can for themselves by a life of austerity and self-mortification. Buddhism imagines that the chief evil of life is pain, and its supreme object is to escape it. Christianity believes that the chief evil of life is sin, and its supreme object is to save men from it. Buddhism, therefure, appeals to the feelings, while Christianity appeals to the conscience. Buddhism runs away from life; Christianity transforms it. Confucius wrote beautiful maxims about righteous conduct, but he admitted that unless a Holy One should appear, he saw no prospect that his moral precepts would ever be realized. The founders of the ethnic faiths did not themselves know what was the real trouble with humanity nor how it could be remedied.

In distinction from all these systems, the Apostle Paul defined the Gospel as power; not the power of man, but" the power of God." He used the word dunamis which has been translated in our common speech as "dynamite," and he states both its negative and positive action. "The Gospel is the power of God unto salvation,' '-the stupendous, sin-shattering power of Omnipotence, the result of whose operation is not only the destruction of evil but the accomplishment of the supreme constructive good-" salvation."

It is not easy for us who have long known of this great truth to realize its wondrous meaning. It is too vast for our limited com-

prehension. We need often to read the fifty-third chapter of Isaiah and those chapters in the New Testament which tell how this salvation was achieved, to walk in imagination along the "sorrowful way" to the uplifted Cross, and to partake of the solemn sacrament which commemorates the Lord's giving of Himself for the sins of the world. Never let us obscure the clarity of this message or imagine that there is any subst;tute for it. Salvation is the transcendent need of llUmanity. So St. Paul felt. "The Gospel which I preached," he said; "wherein ye stand," "by which ye are saved"; "the Gaspe.! of your salvation"; "hold it fast"-the Gospel "that Christ died for our sins," "that He hath been raised from the dead, lH "that He might redeem us from all iniquity.' '" This is the central, the preeminent message of Christianity to a travailing world. "He will come" is the theme of the Old Testament; and the eyes of those who heard looked forward with wistful yearning. "He has come" is the exultant announcement of the New Testament. "Behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy which shall be to all the people, for there is born to you a Saviour. '" And the men of that generation who received the message "went forth and preached everywhere'"

"the redemption that is in Christ Jesus; "5 that "He is the propitia- tion for our sins, and not for ours only but also for the whole world.' ,. This is the supreme message of the Church. "God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth on Him should not perish but have eternal life. lH This is not a theological treatise, and therefore I do not pretend that I have given a complete list of the essential elements of Christianity or an adequate treatment of anyone of them. :BJach might well have a separate volume, while a comprehensive statement would inrlude a number of other subjects which are also held in common by all evangelical communions. I have merely outlined some of the most essential truths of Christian;ty in contrast with the dark background of non-Christian life and thought. An understanding of them helps to clarify our missionary motive, affords an answer to carping criticism, and strengthens our purpose to communicate these vital truths to all men.

'I Cor. 15:1·3, 12; Eph.1:13. 'Titus 2:14. "Luke 2:11. 'Mark 16: 20. 5 Romans 3: 24. ' I John 2: 2. 7 John 3: 16.

"THE WORLD AND THE GOSPEL"

By J. H. OLDHAM It needs the whole Church to evangelize the whole world. Christianity is a missionary religion in a unique sense. It rests upon a divine sending. The mis~;onary work of the Church is a continuation of the incarnation. "As the Father hath sent me, " Christ said, "even so send I you."

Opportunities in Chile"

BY REV. c. M. SPINING Missionary of tIle Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

C HILE is like a great, overgrown boy, wlio wears his jacket with discomfort and finds that his buttons and button-holes refuse to meet. Her railway system, her postal service, her custom houses, her schools, and her national income are all inadequate for fulfilling' the purposes for which they are intended. They have not kept pace ·with the growth of the country. Chile has played in the past and is destined to play in the future a much more important part in the family of nations than is generally supposed. Two years ago, while the people of the United States were saying, "men will win the war," and "money will win the war," and "food will win the war," Ohile was saying" nitrate will win the war," and by supplying the allies with hundreds of thousands of tons of that commodity, with which to manufacture their high explosives and munitions, she enabled them to bring the war to an end much sooner than would have been possible if they had been obliged to erect plants for producing it artificially.

Ohile also ranks second among the countries of the world in the production of copper. She produces the greater part of the iodine that is consumed. She produces 70 per cent of the world's supply of borax. She has rich deposits of manganese, mountains of highgTade iron ore, and wolfram, Tungsten, gold, and silver are being taken from her mines. Oentral Ohile has a semi-tropical climate which rivals that of Oalifornia in its possibilities for the cultivation of fruits and flowers and all kinds of grains and vegetables. In the southern lake region are vast virgin forests of valuable wood, and scenery which tourists, who know, declare is unequalled by anything which they have seen in Switzerland or the most famous mountain regions and canyons of the United States; while in the south the vast herds of cattle and sheep of the big grazing companies contribute large quantities of meat, hides, and wool to help supply the world's needs.

There is a gTeat opportunity for educational work among the illiterate class, who number about 60 per cent of the population; there is a thirst for knowledge and a desire to educate their children above the level of their parents. The Government has further stimulated this desire by passing a law of compulsory education, but, un· fortunately, there has been no adequate provision made for the enforcement of this law, nor is there any prospect that adequate provision will be made for years to come. The evangelical churches have adopted the policy of establishing a school in connection with '" From All t1le World. 839

every church that is organized, to second its efforts in the evangelization and uplift of the Chilean people. There is also a great opportunity for social work of all kinds, and efforts in this direction find a ready response on the part of the people. Illustrated lectures, concerts, and literature are all effective means of reaching the people with the gospel message.

Chile has the highest rate of infant mortality of any country in the world, although possessing one of the finest climates where health should be the best and longevity the greatest. While the Chileans are a sturdy and prolific race, the population does not increase except from immigration. According to government statistics, over 65 per cent of the children born in Chile die before reaching 3 years of age, mostly from easily preventable causes. A small dispensary opened by the PresbyterianM'ission in the basement of the Central Church in Valparaiso has been supported entirely by local contributions. The place is crowded as soon as the doors are open and by instruction to the mothers and providing suitable medicine and artificial food, many little lives have been saved.

Chile needs above everything else a knowledge of the Gospel of Jesus Christ in its purity, a religion that consists in purity of heart and conduct instead of empty forms and ceremonies, a religion based upon morality instead of being divorced from morality; an intelligent faith, based on the knowledge of the truth instead of blind faith, man-made means of salvation; in a word, her greatest need is to know Christ crucified and risen as the Saviour of men, and to experience the new life that comes from faith in Him.

Chile as never before is open to receive the Gospel message. Wherever and whenever th~ Gospel is preached in its simplicity, there will be those who will listen to the message and accept it. The work is held back only by the lack of men prepared to serve as ministers of the Gospel. The Union Seminary, established recently in Santiago, has begun to supply this need. The Women's Training School for Christian Service, a joint enterprise of the Methodist and Presbyterian Missions, a long-desired and much-prayed-for project, is about to become a reality and will prepare teachers, Bible women, and trained nurses.

There are several encouraging features in the present missionary situation in Chile. The new administration is liberal and sympathetic to the work of Protestant churches. 'When a committee of Protestant pastors waited upon the President-elect, and presented him with a handsomely bound Bible, he said he knew and appreciated the work which they and their organizations were doing, and that during his administration he would endeavor to be guided by the principles of the Book which they had just given him,

WYMAS AND HER "FA'M'ILY" OF UNTAINTED CHlILDR'ENL-ALSO

THE HOUSE SURGEON.

Helping the Lepers In Srinagar, Kashmir BY LETTICE M. SHANN, RIPON, ENGLAND N EARLY a year ago0 I spent several days with the Lady Super- intendent of the Kashmir State Leper hospital. It sounds an unsavory place at which to stay, but as a matter of fact the hospital is built on the shores of a beautiful lake and the lady in question lived on the opposite side in a houseboat moored in fairyland. I shall not easily forget my first sight of the great hills, flushed with evening light, crimson chenars, golden poplars, reflected in crystal water. Such are the surroundings of this home of pain.

At first the full tragedy of the place is hidden from the casual visitor, for many of the patients look hale enough until the eye travels down to deformed and bandaged feet. Others are terrible to look upon. In spite of the shadow which lies over all but a few of the inmates, the atmosphere of the place is ama'zingly cheerful. Indeed, I was told that the little community is more like a large family than anything else, and that, though free to come and go as they please, many of the patients have been there since the hospital opened, some twenty-five years ago. There is no compulsory segregation in Kashmir and it is hoped, by making the hospital life sufficiently attractive, 841

to ease the way for legislation later and in the meantime to bring about the voluntary separation of these dangers to public health.

The hospital is a wonderful testimony to the influence of missionary work, for, though entirely a state enterprise, it was built at the instigation of the late Dr. Arthur Neve of the Church Missionary Society, who was in charge of the fine mission hospital in the city. He was honorary medical superintendent until his death and the post is now held by his brother, Dr. Ernest Neve. The educational aspect of the work is under the care of the Home Minister. There are a resident house surgeon and two dressers, all three pandits, which in Kashmir is synonymous with Brahmin. All three are "old boys" of the big mission school which stands on the banks of the Jhelum in the very heart of the city, and which boasts as its proudest possession a roll of honor of the names of boys who, while yet at school, have risked their lives in the service of others, some in the cholera epidemics which every few years ravage the country, some in perils of water in that city of lakes and waterways, others in the fires which frequently break out and rage among the wooden houses of the narrow streets. The Lady Superintendent, herself an ex-missionary, cannot speak highly e!lough of the work of these three who are showing that they carryon into later life the fine ideals of the school in which they spent their boyhood The house surgeon has given more than twelve years of devoted and faithful service, cheerfully facin$ the risks which all must run who serve the lepers.

'rhe buildings consist of long narrow blocks of single rooms, with the necessary dispensary, store-rooms, offices, etc. There are now six men's wards and six" married" wards.

In the hill villages leprosy is regarded with horror and loathin~ and the best accredited remedy is to drop the patient over a precipice into the chasm beneath-a remedy which, in the complete absence of any possibility of isolation or measures of alleviation, has more to commend it than appears at first sight, but it is perhaps not to be wondered at that lepers who have attained the security of the hospital seldom show any craving to return to their homes. 'I'he Kashmiris on the other hand do not seem to have any strong feeling- about leprosy and certainly do not regard it as a disgrace.

There were about one hundred inmates of this hospital, including at the time of my visit, six untainted wives and about twenty untainted children. Alas! at present these live with their tainted parents, and one little boy was pointed out who had only recently developed the disease. There is little hope for any of them unless they can be separated from their parents. A house should be built for the Lady Superintendent and on either side a wing for the children, boys on one side, girls on the other. It will be no easy task to induce their parents to consent to separation and as yet no pressure can be brought to bear beyC'nd that of persuasion and kindness.

HELPING THE LEPJ<JRS IN SRINAGAR, KASHMIR

When I first saw the children, they were dressed in their "visitors' clothes," brilliant red pherans (the Kashmiri "coat-frock" worn by men and women alike). At a word from their friend and teacher they came, helter skelter, and crowded round us, their little impish faces alive with affection for the known and curiosity in the unknown. Their schoolroom, when I saw it, was a level space in the open, the only equipment being some reed mats. They sang to me with more zest than tune, and showed their much-prized and newly-acquired conversance with the English tongue by running, walking, jumping or holding up fingers or feet to command. It was pretty to see their confiding ways and my hostess told me a charming incident. One day she stood, rapt in the beauty of the distant mountains, when a little hand slipped into hers. "What are you looking at, Miss SahiM" asked six-year-old. When explanation had been given, the reply was, "I knew it must be something you love very much because you looked as you look when you look at me."

The post of Lady Superintendent is a new one and the work very much what the holder chooses to make it. There seems little likelihood of time hanging heavy on hand, though the life is, of necessity, an isolated one. There is supervision of cleanliness, giving out of stores, teaching the untainted, settling disputes, enforcing discipline. The most dreaded punishment is to be condemned for a period to take food from the kitchen instead of receiving dry rations. This is not the reflection upon the kitchen which it at first appears. I was assured that the food is g'ood and well-cooked and is taken by choice by some. The grief lies in the loss of freedom of choice and the inability to save. Dry rations are given out once a week and I watched the distribution of shali, or rice, huge quantities, as it seemed to me, being weighed out by means of primitive scales with big stones as weights, and carried off by each householder ingeniously tied up in the corner of a shawl. Each can then please his fancy as to hours of meals aud flavorings, and can also save a little.

Great industrial developments hum continually in the busy brain of the Lady Superintendent. At present, though of course the lepers do their own work, the community has too little to do, and we all know the dire results of that. Soon she hopes to develop the vegetable garden, introduce weaving and hosiery for the untainted once they live at a safe distance from the tainted, and generally to see that every fit member of the family has plenty to do.

For the Father himself loveth you. John 16: 27.

No; God's heart will only rest in us as there is in us this fruitage of love that blossoms and bears fruit, and repeats itself in growing clusters and harvests and beauties. Works die and perish, but fruit lives and reproduces itself. Love, the most perfect fruitage possible, is that upon which the very heart of God can feed. May He above all gifts give us love, that we may give it back to Him.-G. Campbell Morgan.

Ribbon Women in Niue*

BY MARGARET J. BEHARELL I N NIUE (near Samoa) the women outnumber the men. When we came here, seven years ago, they were a strong and influential body and had formed a band, known as the Tapu Fifine—-{)r in English, the church women. They were generally the elderly women of the village, and were a law unto themselves. We undertook to train our students' wives in leadership so that when they became pastor's wives they would be able to lead the Tapu Fifine and not be led by them.

In Niue the great sin is immorality. The Tapu Fifine as the heads of villages and families, had it in their power to help in this cause, and as I visited them I told them of the awfulness of this sin and its results, and of their great responsibility. These dear saints smiled at my innocence. Did I not yet understand that youth would have its fling ~ "It was just Mahani Niue, or the way in Niue."

But I was out to save the girls now, so I continued to talk. First I secured permission for the younger church women to attend the Tap1t Fifine meetings. Then I studied to find out what I could introduce among these women which would not only serve as a village affair, but would bind' the women of the island together. I remembered the little white ribbon bow which I had worn when a member of the British Women's Temperance Associati{)n at home, and I asked permission from the headquarters in New Zealand to use the badge and to make my own laws. The women were very keen to take up this new work. At first I had ordered fifty badges, wondering hDW many I should have left on my hands, then just before hurricane season I Drdered another one hundred and later another three hundred badges. Now our numbers exceed six hundred members.

T{) retain the enthusiasm we held meetings in each village at which the CDmmittee of the White Ribbon, or Liponi Sea, (pronounced say-ah), were set apart for their work. The pledge in the native language is more impressive and binding than in English.

THE WHITE PLEDGE In the presence of all the Tapu Fifine I promise, (1) To love and to Serve God, (2) To live truly and to speak tTuly, (3) To protect both heart and body from all impure thoughts and immorality, (4) To abstain from all lntoxicating liqUOT, (5) To care fol' my children and to train them in the way of the White Ribbon laws, (6) To be true to the marriage vows.

After reading the pledge, each committee member, beginning with the pastor's, wife, stoDd up before the peDple of her Dwn village and sDlemnly repeated the pledge. Then I pinned a small white bow on each breast. Not mDre care could have been taken of the Victoria CrDss than these women took Df their White Bows.

The committee members had to attend all meetings at the head station. They also had to interview all new members, and decide as to their fitness to join. They had the power to discipline in their own village as follows :-The badges to be taken away for immorality, one year; stealing, six months; quarrelling, lying, swearing and laziness, three months.

·From L. M. S. Chronicle.

844

Committee also had to seek forms of usefulness in their

village, caring for the sick, old people and girls.

Last May we had a visit from Sir Charles Fergusson, Governor of New Zealand, and his wife. After the unveiling of the Honour Board in the church, Lady J<'ergusson spoke to my women. She said, "I have belonged to a similar movement, the Mothers' Union, for over twenty years. I also am a mother, just as you are. I know how very hard it is to train my children aright. It is not enough for us as mothers to feed and to clothe our children, we must also see to it that they do those things which we consider right. We mothers must therefore see to it that we do what is right and just and pure, so that our children, seeing our example, may the more willingly obey us. I will never forget you women of Niue. When I go I shall be glad to hear of your progress in this grand movement. I shall think of you and will remember you in my prayers." .

The White Ribbon Band is uniting all the women of Niue, and also is linking us up with the women of New Zealand and of the world generally. Already it is producing strength and good, and we are hoping that because of the Liponi Sea, Niue will become not only a beautiful island, bVt also one noted for purity and goodness.

Subj ugating an African Jungle· BY HARRIET LANE ROBERT CURTIS MILLER, a white, baby a year old, seated in a screen-covered meat safe, carried by four black boys, was the piece de resistance of the procession which transported the M'iller family, bag and baggage, to Kabongo, the interior station of the Congo Mission of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the heart of Africa. Nobody in that stretch of two hundred and fifty miles had ever seen a white child and he created as great a sensation among the blacks as one of them would have done had he been carried in similar fashion up Fifth Avenue.

The well-screened meat safe with double doors was made so that neither insects nor reptiles of any kind could harm the baby. No ntombo (lion) in his gilded cage in America ever excited such wonder as the little white lad awakened in the minds of the people of the Dark Continent. Again and again Mr. Miller was obliged to drive them away from the safe because their noise frightened the boy, or because there was danger of their overturning the safe.

The mi-ssionary bound for the heart of the African Congo leaves behind the "crowded ways of life" at Elizabethville and strikes out into the jungles and the grass. Two hundred and fifty of the five hundred miles from Elizabethville to Kabongo can be covered by slow train, mostly in a box car; a lap by boat comes next; then comes *Soutbwestern Christian Advocate.

845

the plung'e into the trackless jungle. Elizabethville itself it; an eight days' train trip from Capetown.

Through the dense woods, up hills and mountains, down into wide valleys, crossing rivers, sometimes on the backs of natives, sometimes over huge trees placed high over the stream; jumping off bicycles every five minutes to avoid treacherous stumps and elephant tracks, and camping tired but happy each night in some village where ihe t;ound of low appealing songs lulled the missionaries to sleep.

Adam and Eve could not have felt much more like pioneers when they left the Garden of "i'Jden to subdue the earth than the M'illers felt when they arrived at Kabongo to subrlue their bit of the jungle. The evidence before their eyes in that particular spot tended to prove that Adam and Eve had not got far with the earth's subjugation.

The two new missionaries and baby Robert took up their residence in the jungle in the interior of the Congo in almost the centre of Africa. There was practically no equipment in the school and only a hut of three rooms made of mud and bamboo poles, in which to live, and 'it was in a hopeless state of disrepair. Of furniture there was none and in the intervals of mission work the Millers set to work to supply themselves with furniture.

For a year and a half they slept upon a bed constructed of palm poles, fearfully and wonderfully made. Every time one moved in sleep, it creaked and groaned in accents weird, wild and woeful. In the place of chairs they had stools, and two wobbly steamer chairs. Mr. Guptill, the Belgian agent, supplied them with three tables and three dressers.

Then Goloma-a native carpenter-was set to work making furniture. His knowledge of this art registered zero, but he was a willing worker. ~1r. Miller measured, and described in detail every piece of wood he cut and then superintended the assembling of the pieces in the individual articles.

Besides a b2d Goloma and the missionary made a large book case, a straight back ehair, a settee, a filing eabinet, a magazine stand, a library table, a rocking' chair, a large arm chair, two benches, a small chair 'for Robert, a r~und dining room table. All of this ~as well mad€' and attractive. The bed was the most difficult piece but it cost less than ten dollars. Compare this price with the cost of beds broug-ht from America.

The floor of the mud hut in Kagongo crunched into dust under their feet; the roof let in the rain which ran down in mu~hy, muddy puddles on the dirt floor; the bamboo poles, which took the place of two-by-fours, crumbled from much boring by ants that let themselves down on thin wings into the food upon the table, unmindful of a lack of welcome.

For three years the missionaries lived in this hut, repaired somewhat to make it fairly tolerable, and then they moved into their new

1927J SUBJUGATING AN AFRICAN JUNGLE

house. Mrs. Miller drew the plans, and :.ylr. Miller superintended the building. They named it Sunrise Villa and the house cost less than a thousand dollars. The roof is thatched and follows the beautiful lines of the roofs of the native kraals. It is ingeniously built for greater stability, for defence against the burning sun, for protection from fire, from the torrential rains and from reptiles and insects. The tinted walls harmonize with the light ('0101' of the furniture and the grey polish of the palm-bearing ceiling.

The achievement of the Millers was at once an object lesson to the native of what he may by effort acquire for himself and it promises to contribute to the solution of one of the most perplexing problems of the interior stations of Africa. On no subject have more letters gone back and forth between the Bishop and the finance committee on the field and the Board in New York than on this subject of the housing of missionaries. Therefore the success of this house built from native materials creates as much delight in America as in its missionary occupants.

The station has now also a good brick church and school building and another missionary residence. The day school has charts and pictures and a blackboard. The staff at the station has grown till, counting the children, there are fourteen white faces in Kabongo.

Mrs. Miller has a Sunday-school of a hundred and fifty little black boys and girls. 'l'hanks to the advertising value of missionary papers she has had the pleasure of putting ninety dolls where none had been before. A bamboo stick with features marked on it had served as a doll before these" imported" ones sailed in on a phantom ship from a far-away land. Ninety little doll Americans represent to these little black girls the innumerable throng of real Americans who are their friends.

This glimpse of the life on the field shows the tremendous cost to the missionary of maintaining the far-flung lines of Christian miR- Rions. Certain privations are inevitable to all pioneering. This "tanza from an African Bantu poem expresses the idea: ,. Lead thou the way in the wet grass drear, Then, only then, ~'.rt thou pioneer. For Mr. First must get all the woes That Mr. Second mlly find repose."

Tho costs of pioneer work tile missionary pays freely. But it tests his consecration to see his work come short of its highest fruitfulness for lack of tools with which to work in the hospital, in the school or on the farm. It is iron i.t his soul to see his child sicken and to know that there is no doctor at hand. When the missionary pays these inevitable costs, should not the Church match his gift with money for adequate equipment?

A WEST AFRICAN

N YEKE was born near the mission station of Metet nobody knows when. Nyeke was eighteen years old when she was sold to Suku Nti for about fifty pounds of rusty iron and a few goats. She had been leading the life of the average heathen African girl of that age until she found herself bound to that big, black, burly, brutish man, who, from the first day, made her to know that she was his property and his slave.

After Metet station was established, it was not long until Nyeke ac- cepted Christ and found help and joy in Him, but it meant greater abuse from Suku Nti who could see no profit coming to him from her turning her heart around and becoming another kind of a woman, refusing to' do some of the things he had required of her. He did not want her to waste time going to meetings., and he tried to whip her into staying at home, but she continued going-with welts and gashes on the reddish-brown skin of her back and shoulders.

Nyeke has now been a model church member for several years., and her conduct, under the trying circumstances, has been a splendid example of what a woman can endure for Jesus' sake; her life witnesses to the power of God to sustain and to save. She has attended five terms of afternoon school for women, reads well and writes some.

But now, after all these years, it begins to look as if Suku Nti is thinking of becoming a Christian. No more does he beat and burn his wife, or chase her away from his village. It may be the fruit of her patient endurance is beginning to appear.

A Chinese Christian Sermon * BY MR. HStTEH MENG TS'AI, KAIFENG, ,CHINA Notes of a sermon on Naaman and the Jewish Slave Girl in Syria (2 Kings 5: 1-3), preached in Kaifeng last Jnne. The notes were sent by Dr. Wbitfield Guinness,. who states that they very inadequately represent a most helpful address. Mr. Hsueh has had a wide and influential ministry, having preached or held missions in more than three hundred mission stations in eleven of China's provinces. His ministry has been much used of God. We trust that these notes will lead many to strengthen his hands by constant intercession for his work.

W E are to consider together the story of a little slave girl, and in so doing we shall learn what the Kingdom of God is like. This little maid did not murmur against God, nor did she blame her sorrows on the Syrians. She was a captive, her home and country were ruined. Who was responsible for the wrong? Not God, not the Syrians, but her own people. "Our own sins, the sins of Israel, have brought all this calamity upon us."

Who would have expected such insight as this1 It was in the plan of God that she should be a captive, and what God willed was good. All, brethren, yielding brings rest. Life, death, calamity and prosperity are all in His power.

. T.!:te little maid obeyed God and was thankful. She encouraged her heart with the thought that though the Kingdom of Israel had suffered, the Kingdom of God had not. How natural it would have • From China:'g MiUfuns. 84S

1927J A CHINESE CHRISTIAN SERMON

been for her to say, "My country has been destroyed by Naaman, the great captain, and I am glad he is suffering in his turn. I am glad he is a leper. " The natural man would speak thus, but not so a child of the Kingdom.

Have you noticed the longing in her words ¥ "Would God I" Actually her heart longed that her enemy might be healed. Does not that show the spirit of the Kingdom of Heaven ¥ Matthew 5: 44, was unknown to her, but she knew the spirit of that wonderful command, "Love your enemies. ' , There is much talk of patriotism to-day in Ohina. What is love of country¥ Is it shown best in hot-headed deeds or in virtuous conducn The little maid loved her country, and in winning Naaman the mightiest force opposed to her people was, as it were, in her hand. Would he ever again seek to crush Israel ¥ She was carrying out the spirit of Matthew 6: 33, which is the secret of true patriotism-" Seek ye first the Kingdom of God."

"Vas it not extraordinary that the captain of the host of Syria should be ·influenced by the talk of a little slave~ He might have had her executed, or have suggested, "You want me to go to your country and be poisoned." But no, he listened to this child, though he was the chief military officer in the realm.

And how came he to trust her word ¥ Her life was straight and true. Her mistress could always depend upon her, and thus he believed her word, and went to see the King and tell his story.

Oan you picture the King's astonishment that a man in Naaman's position should pin his faith to the testimony of a child ~ What folly! But Naaman relates the story of her life, and replies, "Experience has taught me her sincerity, and I cannot but credit what she says." So permission is given, and he goes to Elisha. What power there is in a consistent life! Fellow-witnesses to the truth, why do people not believe ¥ Why are so few being won? Is it not because we are untrustworthy, because our life does not bear out our message ¥ Did this little maid possess education or power 1 She was probably only about ten years of age when she was carried captive. Sorrow had come early to her, and she had learned heavenly wisdom, but her happy face and cheering words won their way.

How came it that so young a child was characterized with such grace and wisdom ¥ I think she must have had a good mother, whose influence, both before and after her birth, moulded that developing spirit. Yes, she was brought up in the fear of God. What schools cannot accomplish, the home can. Parents, consider the matter of home training, and the maintenance of a Ohristian atmosphere. Day by day for seventeen years I have asked God to keep me mindful of the lessons learnt from the little captive maid, and today I urge you not to let them slip. It is the life that counts.

4'

® BEST METHODS ® ~…._

~_ …bGti… ….._ …….. '

By EDITH MAE BELL, WESTFIELD, NEM' YORK AN EXPERIMENT IN MISSIONARY EDUOATION IN DAY SCHOOLS A method of missionary education tion from the parents asking for the worthy of thought is that of including work was filed. Printed cards were mission study in week-day religious sent home with each child for the education schedules, such as was signature of the parent or guardian.

w{)rked with satisfactory results in None were admitted without the signa- Westfield, New York. The whole field ture. The work began before released of religious education is still ex- time was sanctioned by law. There- perimental; therefore, no one method fore, classes met after school hours as can be offered as a guarantee of ab- extension classes, held in the Methodist solute success in every community. church a few doors from the school.

Religious education in day schools Two thirds of the students in the is permitted. in many states. As the high school were enrolled in the re- experiment described is in New York ligious education classes. Almost one State, the laws of that state alone are third of the pupils of the high school kept in mind as the method is ex- are Roman Catholics and opposed the plained. movement. More than eight tenths of . Those participating in the work, the Protestant grade children at- either teacher or pupil, must comply tended.

with laws which require parents to There is, as yet, no entirely satis- sign a written request that their chil- factory course prepared for such a dren may enter the classes. These program. Teachers are working out classes may not be conducted in the curricula which, each year, more public school buildings. Periods must nearly fill the need, and it is hoped be forty-five minutes long and there that a successfully tested course may must be forty-five minutes outside soon be recommended.

study. A detailed syllabus of the Westfield classes are arranged in course must be presented to the Uni- eight groups. Beginning with earliest Yersity of New York with the name grades, lessons are built around the and qualification of the teacher and home, the play life and the school.

the time and place of meeting. These lessons are planned to correlate Teachers must have qualifications at the natural interests of the child with least equal to those of the teachers of God and His world. In all the grades, other subjects in the school. Credit religion is taught as a way of life is then given by the University of rather than as a system of dogma.

New York ona high school dipl{)ma. Beginning with the fourth grade, Since the settlement of the famous missionary education is introduced by White Plains case and subsequent de- use of stories of boys and girls of cisions regarding it, pupils may be other lands, travel books, and world released during school hours on the friendships. In high school, a course same basis that they are released on is given on the organization and for other special subjects. spread of the Church, beginning with It is necessary to have the consent the Apostles, tracing their work from of the principals of schools and that Palestine to Asia Minor, through of the local school b{)ard. In our case Europe to America and again to both were easily secured, and a peti- Africa and the Orient. The classes for 850 juniors and seniors have more definite Those guiding the study feel con- application of missionary knowledge. fident that no system of education is From time to time, pupils are asked complete which excludes religion.

to -write on some missionary project Morality and ethics are conceded to be by which Christianity can be spread. good, but if education is ever to pro- One question in the Regents' ex- duce the perfect man, it must include amination a few days ago was to name more than morals and ethics. There- ten life callings in which Christianity fore, this course has a definite pres- may be spread. The answers ranged entation of religion as such, believing from preaching to digging irrigating it will more nearly meet the need.

ditches, building bridges, agriculture, Because of scarcity of rooms in the mechanical service of various kinds, church where the classes meet, two and salesmanship in many lines of grades are put into one class. The bus:ness. The question also was asked, theme for the first class is "Good aside from those for which credit was Deeds. " The basis for the study is given, "Has the course given you a found in two books, "The Good Shepdifferent understanding of missions?" herd," and "The Good Neighbor," One boy said it had not changed his by Clara Belle Baker and Edna Dean mind. All others expressed their deep Baker. The first book covers the interest in Christian missions because need from the fourth to sixth year of the study. Excerpts from two grades, and the second is prepared for answers are of interest. the sixth to eighth grades. Stories "This course has not only increased my from various other sources are used to store of wisdom concerning the work of 'arious missionaries, but has also shown the supplement those in the books. Sundifficulties which must be overcome, the day-school papers have especially good sacrifices that must be made to live as ones of practical good deeds ·done by Christian citizens, and the most worthwhile boys and girls in our own country-in way of life. I can truly say that the course has benefited me greatly." cities, towns and communities. These stories should be chosen with the in- The other answer was: terest and understanding of the chil- "The COU1'se has given TIle all entirely dren in mind.

ilifferent outlook on missions. I had always 'rhe third and fourth grades form thougl,t of missionaries as rough, uneducated the next class. They are given Bible persons who went into the wilds of foreign stories from the Bible and from good lands and frightened the people so greatly that they immediately became converted. T Bible story books. Because the Bible eee now that missionaries have a great was not ~ritten especially for chilpurpose. I realize that most of them are dren, great care is necessary in the educated, understanding people and are try- selection, presentation, and illustraing to serve God by telling others about Him. I feel that more real good has been tion of the stories. There is danger ancomplished by missionaries than by '1nv of over-rating the understanding of the children of this age. Therefore. 0tber group of workers. Missionaries affect to be sure they get the correct idea of the political, social, and sphitual ~ide of a conntry. The greatest praise given any country is to say that it supports many the stories, the children themselves missionaries. ' , should retell them until they are This work will be extended next familiar with the narrative and also year, and we hope to report much understand the lesson intended.

greater results as the course will have Stories of boys and girls of other more mission study in every grade. lands from missionary papers and The course of study for the above books should be used especially in the project might be of interest to some, second semester. Care should be ex- so we present it as now used. It has ercised in stressing the needs of these been modified, however, and adjusted people who are different, rather than to the need and understanding of the their peculiarities. A simple proiect pupils until the books named are used may well be carried out, as sending only as a basis for the study. pictures or toys to a hospital or school

abroad. This ties the interest of the Freshmen in high school are given children to profitable expression of an outline of the entire Bible prehelpfulness to others. pared by Professor Sands Wright. In the first year, the Life of Christ is In another class, the fifth and covered. Lessons are prepared from sixth grades have stories of how we the Bible and examination given may live our very best. This is based on "Living At Our Best," by Sharp through Regents. The sophomore and Hill. The theme is clean bodies, year's study is also from the outline, clean minds and clean living. Stories and covers Hebrew Life and Times. of "Clean Up Week," of fighting The Bible stories are elucidated by disease or epidemic explained by il- use of the book by Hunting, "Hebrew lustrated lectures, and talks by doctors Life and Times." The juniors go back' or a nurse take up three of four to the New Testament. Beginning weeks. The fourth week is given to with Acts, a rapid survey of the New reviewing the children and hearing 're.stament is made with emphasis their interpretation of· how religion upon the organization and growth t)f demands best living Twice during a semester pupils write on subjects the Church, showing the spirit nerf)Schosen by themselves to show best sary to live true religion and to ways of living. Some of the subjects propagate it in the world. Seniors selected were "Harmful Tobacco, " study the spread of the Church from "Strong Drink Bad for the Body," the time of Constantine. Studies of "Good Minds through Right Diet," outstanding missionaries are made "God '.s Temple Must Be Kept Clean." and pupils are asked to report on the Instruction is given in simple lan- missionaries of their denomination. guage, and the papers are an expres- During the second semester, a study sion of knowledge of the matter of different professions is made, and presented. ways by which religion may be ap- plied to these vocations. A paper is re- The seventh and eighth grades use "Followers of the Marked Trail," by quired in which "Ten Ways We May Frayser. The book study is ac- Help Spread Religion" is discussed. companied by stories of trail blazers These papers, as a culmination of the later than in Bible times. Pupils are study, have brought out splendid asked to tell of living trail blazers and thinking and expression on the part to select some from among those whom of those who are now looking forward they know personally-those who to life service. Religion cannot be have, or may blaze trails in religious omited from their reasoning after a living. course of study all through their school years.

USING THE NEW MISSION STUDY TEXT BOOKS "A STRAIGHT WAY TOWARD TOMORROW"

Method is said to be a means to an cessfully at various Schools of Misend. The end in view, as methods are sions, and have proved helpful in offered for use of a text book, is to local societies where they have been make that book interesting to women tried. of the organizations, and also to help interpret the vital message of the No introduction to the author is hook in such a way that every Chris- necessary to those who became actian woman will continue to feel her quainted with her through her former responsibility toward others, until wo- book "A Child in the Midst." The men of all lands know and accept Christ. book for the present year, " A Straight Way Toward Tomorrow," The methods with this book are will be used by women of all desimple. They have been used suc- nominations. With your book be- fore you, begin with the first chapter

BEST METHODS

and note a few ways of presentation. uses a FLASHlight and gives the sub- Poster. These are invaluable in an- ject matter of paragraph on page 40 "Our Ideal." It is just a flash here nouncing a meeting. Use cardboard and there and not a general idea, that or plain paper. For the first chapter every child's right is a Christian have the picture of a nurse with a home. The third person represents well-eared-for child in her left arm, STAR light. Use a silver star and on the left side of the poster. An give material found under heading emaciated child of the Orient reaches "Training Home Makers." One perout to her and she beckons with the son, in costume of the country, will right hand indicating that she will represent a point of the star until lead it in the safe way. Two lines the five stars, in costume, present the slightly upward will indicate the way. five countries named. Another will At the end, to right of picture have tell how DAY light is needed and show large letters TOMORROW. The caption (pages 45-48) how books and kinder- "Conflicting Contrasts Continue. Cooperation with Christ Will Cure." garten affect the home, and how In- Place date and place of meeting be- telligent Child Care is necessary. The following topic "Modern Problow. lems" might well be called SEARCH Five destructive and five construc- light (pages 48-53.) The object les- sons (pages 53-58) might be named tive forces are discussed in the chap- MOON light-the Missionary Home, ter. Hav.e ten persons dress to and ELECTRIC light for the National represent these forces. As soon as Home. The last paragraph Light War speaks a Red Cross nurse an- for the Darkest Homes might be preswers and counteracts what has been sented as SUN light. The leader then said favorable to war. Infant Mortal- will explain that none of the lights ity should be answered by Health work successfully without the light ProgrHms, Child Labor by Protective of God's love in the hearts of all the TJegiRlation, Ignorance and Supersti- people. If they have it all homes tion by A Personal Knowledge of God. will be light regardless of the light- The leader may sum up the study in ing system. Make an appeal to the the paragraph "Save the Children." women to "Make Right Connec- Have the Geneva declaration printed tions. " A story is told of a man in large letters hanging on the wall attaching a battery to a door bell, of the meeting room during the entire pushing the button and producing a year. Ask the women to memorize it. noise. He attached the same battery to a light, pushed a button, but it did CHAPTER II. "THE STARTING POINT" not light. We are told that it takes more power to make a light than it Poster. Have a lighted Christian does to make a noise. Let us have home to the left. Two ways, one up more light in our homes. to TOMORROW and the other down with a question mark at the termi- CHAPTER III. THE BROADER OUTnal. A woman holding a lighted torch LOOK: PICTURES AND BOOKS 'starts from the home. Give date and place of meeting. Use caption "Make Poster. Use picture of several All Homes Light." The program books among which is the Bible. Armight be called "A Carnival of rang-e them at the beginning of the Light. " road which leads to the perfect to- morrow. For a caption use quota- The leader should explain that we tions from St. Paul. "Give Attention are erecting a home and have been to Reading" and "You Must Form undecided about the lighting system. the Habit of Reading." Describe use of CANDLE light. Place lighted candleon table. Use material The leader will be called the Lion pages 35-40 of the book. Show brarian and g-ive material (pa!,es 63how particularly the unpJ!'eparedness 66) ,. .streilsing." What shall they .of parents is c01)lparable to, ineffi- ehmt candle· light: .. The next person

read?" One of the group should ask sibility and Independence, (pages "Why provide literature for these 132-138). Show how this will be a backward countries?" (see page 66). true branching off from the tree. In The Librarian will call the book summing up the growth of Religious keeper who will produce a large led- Education show that the roots must ger. From this may be taken sheets also be studied and are found only arranged as posters to show our ac- in lives hid with Christ in God. count in illiteracy with the six countries, (discussed on pages 67-73). CHAPTER V.COMPANIONS OF THE Another of the group may ask WAYS: SOCIAL PROGRESS which book is most used. The Librarian calls an attendant who re- Have a small map of United States ports that the Bible is the best seller, at beginning of the Way, and picture (pages 73-77). Another asks, "Do of a traveler returning. Caption the people want iU" The Librarian "Reunite and Relate Your Disproduces from her letter file four coveries. " letters eontaining in condensed form the pleas given on pages 75-77. This meeting might be called a "Reunion. " The first two topics The group then will be invited to (pages 143-145) should be discussed remain for the Direetors' meeting by one who produces from an old which is to take place at onee. In Saddle Bag a paper giving the conimitation of such a meeting have the trast between the saddle bag and eight subjects informally discussed modern methods of travel as typical that are found on pages 77-97. Stress of the changes in social progress. particularly the need of right pic- The topic of "Narrow Interests in tures. Communities, " (pages 145 – 148), might be called a "Brief Case." Ask CHAPTER IV. THE COMPASS: RE- another to unpack a Traveling Bag, and give social conscience at work in LIGIOUS EDUCATION India, Japan, and other. countries, (pages 148-153). Another represent- Poster. At the beginning of the ing the School Bag will give" Trainroad have a compass. Well along the ing for Christian Social Service" way a tree should give shade. Use (pages 155-162). The traveler's Samfor a caption" A New Path to the ple Case will next be examined and Heart of the World." the seven topics (pages 162-187) will be discussed. The Leader sums up This program may be effectively briefly the reports of the travelers built on the tree. The leader repre- and quotes first and third stanza of sents the Forester and gives the in- Dorothy Giles' poem "The Little troduction and discussion: "What is Path." Religious Education?" (pages 101- 1(0). The Forester presents" Buds" CHAPTER VI. UNTO THE PERFECT who will g:ve subject matter (on pages 106-107), "Teaching Life as It Ought DAY: WORLD WIDE FRIENDSHIP to Be Lived." "Methods in Use" (pages 107-114) may be called "Ten- Poster. At the beginning of the der Shoots." road have picture of a ballot box or a voting machine. Use caption: The next person called is "Ferti- "Come and Vote on a safe Highway lizer" and tells about "Better Prep- for Children." aration" (pages 114-115). The "Leaves" are heard from and give The leader should give the first "Religious Education at Work," two subjects as an introduction. (pages 118-122). Training National Have an object dressed hideously. to leaders, (pages 123-129) will be represent war. Then discuss "The "Fruit," and "Blossoms" will be Cure of War." Hang wreath with Christian I.eadershin among 'Women. the word "Love" on one shoulder, (Pages 129-132). The "Branches" and another wreath with the word wiJl be tl;le Goal of National Respon- "Fr~endship". on the other; show that

war will be cured if we hang on his flower arrangement as well as mission, shoulders these two cures. ary achievement. Having read books Tell about "Women at Work on the Problem," (pages 191-196). Let by eminent Japanese statesmen, we an interested woman tell about the first method-Cooperation and an- presented their views to the class other about Education. The leader sums up the entire study by using through impersonations. .. "The ,Vay of Love and Victory." Our class soon increased in num- Throughout the study, quote fre- bers and interest. Sixty-two study quently Isaiah 35: 38, "A.nd a high- books were sold, and the average atway shall be there, and a wl1!!J, and it tendance was forty-eight. Every shall be called the way of holi- member was expected to read at least ness. … " one book between the sessions. Books bearing on special topics were recom- WHAT A MISSION LIBRARY mended for the different chapters. College-bred young women took an ACCOMPLISHED active part at each session, finding a congenial outlet and stimulation for We had had mission study classes their mental activity. Men read the before. Half a dozen of the "Old books brought home by the women ~f Guard" met on certain afternoons to the family, and began to appear at read and d~scuss a chapter. One day the class, whenever it met in the we woke up and formed a real study evenings. class with a real leader. It widened into an interdenominational class. The When the class came to a close, town librarian was distressed because nearly five hundred books, exclusive the demana for" best sellers" had a of study books, had been circulated; sudden, decided falling off, but our the attendance and enthusiasm had County Librarian knew the reason. grown with every meeting; and we She had gathered for us, from her had an intelligent understanding of own stock, from the State Lihrary, our relations to Japan, and our privifrom libraries in other towns a collec- lege of bringing Christ to the J aption of seventy-five books on Japan, anese. and we had established a mission library in connection with our study Realizing that this reading has class. A member of the class, not the stimulated and increased our interest leader, was made librarian, and was in missions, when we plan for a new responsible for the recommendation, study class, we begin months beforecirculation, and care of the books. hand to gather and look over books. Lists of desirable books may be ob- A mission study book is a conden- tained from the bibliography in the sation of a vast fund of fact and study book, from leaders of training argument. Each chapter can do no classes, from mission headquarters, m.ore than touch upon the vital points. and from librarians. Some books have But when the book is used as a ref- much information but are heavy readerence, its contents discussed with the ing; some read as easily as fiction; aid of supplementary books, the study some are fiction, some poetry. We becomes vivid. use them all. The gathering and cir- culating of a library requires time, For intelligent prayer, for effective cooperation and effort, but it is inappeal, for efficient activity, there tensely interesting. The librarian must be a foundation of knowledge. ends her task, feeling that she has We Rtudied the history of Japan, its been a privileged person, for she has neople, customs, religions, and rela- received in information, enthusiasm, tion t(} the rest of the world. We and inspiration far more than she has made posters to illustrate Japanese" given in labor. She knows that it has been worth while.

A Test On American Home

Prepared by Belle M. Brain, Schenectady, New York.

WHAT IS YOUR SCORE?

T~ HE following twenty questions may be used to test your knowledge of Home Missions. Grade yourself and your friends by the per· centage of correct replies. Twenty correct answers score 100 per cent, ten correct answers 50 per cent, and so on. The answers will be found on page 877, but do not consult them until you have tried to answer the questions yourself. You will be interested to discover your score.

1. What was the first home missionary organization in the United States?

2. What great home missionary organ5zaHon is llelebrating its 125th anniversary this year 7 3. At the close of the Revolutionary War in 1783 what comtituted the field of home missions?

4. What event of 1803 doubled the home missionary field at a stroke? 5. What is included in the home missionary field of today? 6. What great home missionary problem is found to a greater or less extent in every State in the Union? 7. What famous foreign missionary leader undertook several extended home missionary tours early in the last century, preaching the Gospel, distributing the Scripture, and" spying out the land" for Christ? 8. What debt does the United States owe to hOnie missions along educational lines? 9. What home missionary founded the First Congregational Church of Omaha, Nebraska, the mother church of some two hundred churches 7 10. What organization resolved, early in the nineteenth century, to see that every family in the United States was supplied with the Scriptures f 11. What famous president of Princeton College engaged in work for the Indians? 12. What home missionary is said to have added three stars to the American flag ~ 13. What famous missionary educator came "up from slavery"? 14. What is the latest line of home missionary effort 7 15. Approximately how many foreign.born people are there in the United States ~ 16. What college in a western state is named for a home missionary, was founded by a home missionary, and had a home missionary for its president for many years 1 ]7. What college in New York state was founded by a home missionaryT 18. How much money is annually expended for missionary work among the Indians in the United States T 19. Who inaugurated the work among the lumber iacks and gave twenty years to it in the forests of the north and west 1 20. Who is said to have been the greatest of all home missionaries T 856

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. ,QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND ST., NEW YORK BREAKING DOWN BARRIERS An attractive sticker for envelopes I live in a little house and letterheads is a new feature this But the door can open wide– year. Get supply early.

r live in a little house Last year for the first time a Re- treat, "Toward Power and Service," But the whole round world's outside! was printed and found very helpful, -Mary Stewart Cutting.

What an inspiration it was last year especially by local committees iatnid~ leaders-in fact, so helpful, that to be one with the whole round world used again this year. It is priced at on the World Day of Prayer for Mis- 10 cents; only two copies are needed- sions, to be voicing the same petitions one for leader and one for pianist.

in Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, The program, "Breaking Down Islands of the seas, the arctics, and the Barriers," proceeds from Thanksgiv- tropics! Has it not, somehow, made ing through Confession and Inter- a difference all through the subse- cession to Consecration. It may be quent months that on that day the used entirely as printed, or modified incense of intercession rising from and adapted; it may be repeated at each country mingled and became as morning, afternoon, and evening.meet- one? Surely, yes! ings or divided into secti()ns with And now we approach another ob- luncheon coming in between. The servance of the World Day of Prayer price is 2 cents, $1.75 per hundred.

for Missions which, as usual, will be There is a leaflet of suggestions for on the first Friday in Lent, February the leader, several copies of which are t2h4~n19l2a8s.t As this is somewhat earlier furnished free with each order for year, we must bestir our- programs.

selves speedily. Did your community A growing number of girls' gr()UPS hold an interdenominational meeting are observing the Day, and we learn last year? Did you remember that the that increasingly men are present at observance is interracial as well as the· meetings. Be sure to use all pos- interdenominational and internation- sible publicHy-the "Call" should be al? The leaders in the different local sent widely in personal correspond- societies should be called together at ence; bulletin boards and. church an early date to start preparations in calendars should carry notIces for ample season. The supplies are ready. several weeks before the Day; there Send to denominational headquarters sh()uld be no conflicting appointments for them all. or meetings.; pastors should be re- So many suggested that the Cycle quested to make announcement from of Prayer on the Call to Prayer card the pulpit, and presidents of women's be used again this year that it was civic, literary, and religious societies decided to do this. Get quantity of at previous meetings; posters locally "Call" needed w give one to every prepared may be advantageously uti- person in your church and neighbor- lized. Above and beyond all the hood, not forgetting shut-ins. These "methods" do not you, yourself, fail cards are free from denominational to pray that guidance and inspiration headauarters. Daily use should begin may be given to all upon whom rests now leading up to February twenty- responsibility for planning and pre- fourth and many will desire w con- paring for the DliV both nati()nally tiuue US! throughout the whole year. and locally, , 857

LEGISLATIVE MATTERS diction of the Court of such enCOUf- By HELEN MERRICK SEMPLE agement as they derive from the non- Chairman, Committee on Legi~latiJve Matters, adhesion of the United States to the Council of Women for Home MissioM Court of International Justice."

Two outstanding interests in our "On the other hand, American nonfield of legislation during the past adhesion can in no wise prevent the year have been the Eighteenth Amend- formation of international jurisprument to the Constitution of the United dence which will inevitably have an States and its enforcing acts, state influence upon questions interesting and federal, and American adherence the United States. The United States to the W{)TId Court. consequently has a very great interest, as it has the right to participate in the Adherence of the United States to formation of rules which in the future the WorId Court, so far as actual will determine the relations between legislative action is concerned, has for the nations of the world." the present been transferred to other lands. The determination of this ad- The following was approved by the herence, on the basis of the rather Annual Meeting of the Council last severe reservations demanded by the January: United States Senate, awaits the com- Res:olved, That the Council of Women for pleted action of the other nations sig- Home Missions re·affirms its approval of pronatory to the W orId Court Protocol. posed adherence of the United States to the In this country, in the meantime, some Warld Court, and advises continued interest, of the opponents of American adher- cooperation and edncation to this end.

ence to the Court endeavored to inject The other outstanding item of the their attitude into the political cam- Council's. interest in legislation durpaigllB of last autumn. ing the past year was undoubtedly Prohibition, in its federal, state, and The basis. of such endeavor was international phases. plainly the expectation, or hope, that the reservations of the Senate might The main election issue of the coun- not be acceptable to all the nations try last fall was the struggle between now members of the Court; and that the "wets" and the "drys"-the the issue might thus be thrown again fundamental issue of the question of into discussion in our own Senate, obedience to the Eighteenth Amend- with a personnel whose attitude would ment to the Constitution of the United be affected by campaign pledges in- States. being somewhat successfully imical to our adherence to the Court. masked by discussion of the federal The following statement of a Euro- Volstead Act, and of legislation in pean statesman is. significant. Stephen various states designed to carry out Osusky, Czecho-Slovakian minister in the provisions of the Eighteenth Paris, who lived for years in Washing- Amendment. A part of the masking ton, says: process was submission to the voters "It is in the interest of internation- of referenda on the question of amend- al justice that the United States ment or modification of what is known should adhere to the World Court. It as the Volstead law.

must llot be forgotten that it was the The federal appropriations for en- United States that, from the beginning forcement of the prohibition law came of its existence, introduced the prin- up for early attention by Congress.

ciple of arbitration in its international Rather surprisingly, the main items relations. under that head were allowed to stand, "With the adhesion of the United providing some $13,000,000 fOf the States to the Court, the idea and prin- work of that branch of the govern- ciples of international justice would ment. Attack centered on the item of be greatly strengthened; its adhesion half a million dollars for " under would at the same time deprive those cover" w{)rk, which was eliminated.

who do not want to accept the juris- While the development of "under

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

cover" work meets with scant ap- prohibit the sale of beverages containproval from the friends of prohibition, ing any percentage of alcohol; and it is nevertheless true that, under there are eighteen other states where present rules of evidence in court pro- the maximum alcoholic content that cedure, conviction of violations of the can be legally sold is one half of one prohibition laws is most difficult with- per cent, or less. If, therefore, the out "under cover" work. Volstead Law were repealed, there would remain thirty-four states in The present tendency seems to favor which no liquor stronger than one half the selection of a form of modification of one per cent could be legally sold. which would leave to the individual states. the interpretation of the Consti- 5. The proposal to amend the V01tution on the point of what constitutes stead Law to allow the sale of light an intoxicating beverage. An import- wines and beer-beverages presumant item of interest in the prohibition ably containing 2.75 per cent of alfield during the year was the inter- cohol-carries with it two points for national agreement with Great Bri- special scrutiny. Such proposals for tain, arranged by General Lincoln C. modification are nearly all couched Andrews, administrator of the federal in terms which make the computation prohibition enforcement service. of 2.75 per cent alcoholic content by weight, rather than by volume. This In the present situation there are in effect raises the alcoholic content, certain points that stand out prom- computed by volume, to 3.50 per cent inently as guideposts in thought, dis- which was the average alcoholic concussion, and action. In the realm of tent of beer in pre-Volstead days. If politics the present emphasis on party such modification were permitted, the loyalty, tending to the submergence of whole field of beer-influence, with its moral issues, and the extremely criss- known evils, would be reopened; with crossed attitude of all political parties the additional situation that the Voltoward this subject of prohibition, stead law, as now framed, provides no make it worth while to state these system of license supervision. As a practical outcome this might mean points briefly: that beverages of 2.75 (or 3.50) per 1. The Eighteenth Amendment to cent alcoholic content could be sold without restriction in any place. (No. the Constitution remains, even if the 5 as a statement is a summary of ma- Volstead law be repealed; and obedi- terial authorized by the World League ence to the Constitution would require that succeeding enforcement legisla- Against Alcohol.) tion be immediately substituted. The following was approved by the 2. The Volstead law is of federal Annual Meeting of the Council last creation, and can not be affected by January: state referenda or state legislative action. State referenda on the sub- Resolvea, That the Council of Women £01 .iect partake of impertinence, and of Home Missions re·affirms its endorsement· of disloyalty to the federal government. federal and state legislation looking to the This would be quickly recognized as enforcement of the Eighteenth Amendment fact if a state referendum were at- to the Constitution of the United States; tempted on any other federal law and that in particular it pleads for the grounded on a constitutional provi- preservation of the Volstead Law and its sion that has been passed upon with definition of legal arcohoHe content of bevapproval by the Supreme Court. erages as one half of one percent.

3. Prohibition was the law in The need is realized for continued thirty-three states of the Union before intensive education on the subject of the Eighteenth Amendment went into alcohol and its effect; of the various effect. These state constitutions and attempts to control its manufacture and use; and on the reasonableness laws would stand. of giving the present attempt in our 4. The claim that the Volstead Law country an uninterrupted and suffi· is unnecessarily drastic overlooks the cient trial. fact that there are sixteen states which EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. McLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVE., NEW YORK Readers of the REVIEW will be inter, progress already made in industrial training from Seoul to Fusan. Instiested in the delightfully informing survey tutions of varying size and character by Mrs. R. G. Vance, the first chairman of for boys and girls are at present our Industrial Missions Committee. Mrs. Vance has made a thorough inspection of how tbe Christian women of America can maintained by several of the Prohelp the Christian women of other lands in relation to industrial conditions. She has testant denominations, some dating studied the effects of industrial conditions back a decade or more. As to Roman on international relationships, and how best Catholic efforts I am not informed. I to make these industries apply to human found among the missionaries in the needs, to improve living conditions and to stations of whatever denomination I develop Christian life. We are llOping later visited a hearty willingness to cooperon for further reports on Mrs. Vance's investigation. ate with the Industrial Committee of IMPRESSIONS OF KOREA FROM AN the Federation of Woman's Foreign INDUSTRIAL VIEWPOINT Mission Boards, and a real apprecia- tion of its interest and wish to promote Korea stands out in my mind as a Industrial Missions. Korea, like India, land of mountains, rugged and aloof, is sympathetic with the idea of form- relieved by the wistful intimacy of ing a Christian Industrial Association green valleys sheltering the thatched to cooperate with similar organiza- huts and rude clearings of primitive tions in America.

life. The poople of Korea have a dig- The .Japanes.e Government is shownity and reserve in keeping with their ing its approval of industrial training, realizing more and' more the importmountains. I found them on closer ance for Korea, as for .Japan, of equipview simple, friendly, impressionable. ment along industrial lines. It was Most appealing is their eagerness to most gratifying to find, on visiting our learn-a thirst so urgent, so insatiable, schools in Korea, that the .Japanese as to constitute the most compelling Government had specially commended problem of our work. the handwork of the pupils, request- ing that such training be extended to How can we deny this need ~ How can we, on the other hand, satisfy all classes. and not restricted to the even in small measure this craving, poorer girls. Our schools will stand without training the Korean boy and even should other lines of Christian girl away from their native environ- work be discredited or opposed. The ment, producing in them profitless Japan Advertiser of April 5,. 1927, has an editorial bearing on this pressdiscontent and unrest? ing question of industrial education It would seem that training along in Korea, in which we find this sig- nificant statement: industrial lines is the best answer to this question. Throngh industrial "The golden age for the college gradutraining, grounded on the simple ate is entirely past and gone, a significant principles of Christian living, the turn of the situation being that, each season younger Koreans may find at least a as the colleges turn out graduates. that grim partial answer to their craving for knowledge. At the same time that their mental outlook is enlarged they question of the <'intelligent .class unem- ployment' presents itself in a more than are taught a definite means of liveli- erer appalling aspect." hood, vitally necessary in: this land of isolation and stark poverty. Girlq trained in our industrial This condition has been recognized schools are much in demand for .wives :1'or 8.Qmetjme; a~ is shown by. the ·as more compa:tlio:h~ble and .c~pable.

860 What can we continue to do for her Second, we should train them and after leav;ng school-this trained girl encourage them to use native resources whose higher ideals and broader out- so that work can be continuous and look set her apart from her environ- uninterrupted, independent of imment? How sustain her and foster her ported raw materials. further development 1 Is there no way by which we may use her very differ- Third, we should guide them in ence as a foundation stone, her dis- making practical articles which may content as "the little leaven that find a ready market among their own leaveneth the whole lump 1" people because necessary to their everyday life. In many instances Here we should, if possible, let the such articles are of artistic merit as industrial work be a further tie, con- well, suitable for sale as art goods in tinuing the bond between school and .America. former pupil. Cottage industries have possibilities of giving a social feature Korean work in brass fulfills these to the lives of women who have noth- three conditions in the highest degree, ing. Such work is needed to help and is rightly stressed in our industhem in returning to poor homes des- trial training. The brass foundry and titute of social life and encouragement boys' training school developed by toward better ideals. Such a begin- Mr. Unger at Soonchun is a splendid ning in eveJ;l one home may form a example of what may be accomplished nucleus for community work, gradu- along this line. Here native brass of ally introducing music, reading, social that superb quality characteristic of life, as well as productive industrial Korea is molded into the bowls and features into lives meager and de- utensils indispensable to Korean daily prived. To make this effective or even life. The best types of traditional possible the schools should endeavor models are followed so that the prodto keep avenues of approach open for uct is artistic and thus admirably encouragement, advice, and marketing adapted to export for sale in .America of suitable cottage-made goods. as art goods.

Tn any program for future work in .At Chunju I saw them digging the industrial training in Korea all foundations for another industrial thoughtful students of the question plant for boys. This work is to be are agreed (}n certain fundamental under the supervision of Mr. Bolling points: Reynolds. There is a possibility of making here on an extensive scale the First, we would encourage Koreans traditional chang. This chest of wood in their native arts rather than teach and brass, cunningly fitted, sturdy them to imitate foreign products. and distinctive, is the age-old desk, "Each nation has something inherited bureau, trunk, and treasure-vault of to give to the world in which its native the Korean household. One find.9 genius flowers out, and we must pre- them varying in size from a mere serve this and perfect it, and not allow trinket-box to the massive proportions these people to follow the mirage of of a great sideboard. Since they are Occidental show and glitter." characteristic and indispensable Kor- ean furniture there should be a mar- In this connection I would plead ket for them in their native land. for the encouragement of native cos- .And as they are of exceptional artistumes and customs in so far as pos- tic merit they should be marketable sible. Not for the sake of stressing in the United States as well. unduly the quaint and the picturesque, but to preserve that individu- For girls and women the industry ality which is the soul of a nation's that best parallels brass-working is life. Our aim should be to develop the weaving of mooniung cloth-unithem from within through right prin- versally used in Korea for garmentR ciples and ideals, not to make an in- and every domestic purpose. This, ferior copy of our alien mode of living. too, meets the conditions laid down

above-an industry using native humble daily fare. Nearby in a bit of a vase on the crude shelf were two gay materials, fostering a native art, field blossoms. adapted to the daily use of the natives but through the excellence of its prod- Industry, sustenance, beauty-here uct suitable for marketing in Occi- was a poignant example of these three dental countries. This coarse-fibred, great needs of the human heart.

unbleached cloth, sturdy and wear- There are, of course, many other resisting, has the general texture and lines of industrial training to be deappearance adapted to "art material" veloped in Korea as time, money and in combination with embroidery, teachers are available, such as rugapplique, or other trimmings in color. making, soap-making, improved met~­ Since the equipment required is of the ods in farming. Stress must be lald meagerest description the cloth may be on the lack of teachers trained to diwoven in the humblest home. The rect industrial work, especially teachschools teach embroidery stitches and ers capable of such work without such finer work which may also be modern machinery, according to primcarried on at home after the comple- itive methods, the only ones practical tion of the school course. For several among a primitive people. The belief years hand-embroidered articles of is expressed that persons trained in mooniung cloth made in our Korean Europe, where lack of land has forced schools have been marketed in the intensive farming, can best under- United States through the distributing stand the peculiar farming problems of Korea. agencies of our church. .The sale .of these articles forms the chlef financml Whatever special features Christian support of several mission schools in education in Korea may develop, it is Korea which educate and train num- increasingly evident that industrial bers of girls, besides providing a training must predominate-the hand means of livelihood to many widows must be trained with the head, th(' and mothers who would otherwise be dignity of labor inculcated along with the joy of independence. Tribal and destitute. family life in the Orient forbid t~e individualism of the West. ThlS It is hoped to encourage the weav- training must be so lin.ked with the ing of mooniung cloth in short lengths environment as to stimulate growth, suitable for pillowtops, towels, etc., as not disintegration. "They must move well as designs in color woven in as borders or motifs. This will enhance together or not at all. " its marketable value in the United On my way from Nagoya, Japan, to States. Fusan, Korea, I was sought out by a On an emerald and gold April young Korean student who got me through the Customs by the naive afternoon such as only Korea can declaration: "She is a missionary and show, I stopped at the door of a tiny has no cigarettes." This boy exmushroom hut of mud walls and pressed in all his ardent young perthatched roof to watch a young Korean sonality the yearning of the youth of woman weaving at her rude wooden the Orient toward America-that land frame. Casually picking up a few at the foot of the rainbow! He wrote straws from the ground and breaking me later some of his hopes and them off to the required length, she conclusions: "I believe with the reused them to start the cotton thread on ligious force our country will be civits way. Her quiet demeanor and ex- ilize and will be fine <lontry for God's pert movements were uninterrupted will. I thank very much God and for by our approach and keen interest. earnest missions of your contry." With grace hospitality she paused, Can we refnse the "hallenge7 however, to welcome us into her tiny kitchen where piled great trays of the indispensable "greens" of Korea's

fROM .MANY

LATIN AMERICA they attend to their work cOllSeien- GaDlbling in Latin America tiously they soon become more effieicnt PUERTO RilCO EVANGELICO, than others. In most commercial the union Christian paper of houses and in many plantations, it is a high recommendation when an ap- Porto Rico, discusses the active cam- plicant can give the proofs that he is paigns in Argentina and Mexico an Evangelico in good standing, and against gambling houses and lotteries, especially if he comes recommended by his pastor. The industries are Portions of the article have been honeycombed with fraud, but some translated as follows: are using Evangelical overseers, watchmen, book keepers, treasurers, "The courageous and firm Mexican pres- collectors, etc. to head off trouble and ident, the Martin Luther of the civic this way of avoiding speculation is conscience in America, noting that gambling rapidly hecoming a method. Of course is a terrible !)nemy of all classes, particu- we are not stating that all professed larly the laborers, has ordered the immediate Protestants are angels……. But we closing of the gambling houses established are speaking in general terms of the throughout the great Aztec republic. With change in personal character and reca sure eve and a firm hand he seeks to aim titude, and its testimonial value that the death blow at the octopus of the has resulted in convincing the publil) gambling houses, regarding each of them that the old Roman prejudice against as an insatiable mouth that sucks the blood Protestantism is unfounded." .md the dignity of thE) nation which he so ably governs." "The people of the Argen· Greater FreedoD1 in Costa Rica tine, having learned from bitter and abundant experience, have been persuaded that AWORKER in the Latin America gambling is one of the worst enemies "f Evangelization Campaign writes: national prosperity, a consuming cancer "Ever since the brutal attack on which threatens to destroy the edifice of Evangelical missionaries early in the great Argentine republic. First the June, things have mended. We are progressive press and then the prudent left in quiet to hold our services and legislatures have raised their voices in pro- those who want to attend are free to test, seeking the extermination of this come and go without molestation. We terrihle social plague." took no steps whatever to have the aggressors punished. but the PreRi- J. Harrison, a missionary in Argentina of the Evangelical Union of South America, writes: "With the lottery went also the hipodromos or racing centers and every person found infringing the laws is being severely dealt with."

Guatemalan Christians Trusted dent of the Republic took vigorous measures to vindicate the law and to T HE greatest argument for Evan- prevent a fanatical priesthood from gelical missions in Guatemala, dishonoring the good name of COfltll says the Rev. E'dward M. Haymaker, Rica before the world. The result D.D. is the changed life of the aver- was a stern lesson to evervone COll- age convert. He writes: cerned and a great victory for law "Far and near the Evangelicos and order. What rejoices our hearts are sought for servants, because they most of all is to see the growing COll- nrl' so much more reliable than the fidence of the people who in increa,;- othpTs-they don't get drunk, they ing numbers are attending the an' honest, they are respectful !lnd as services, none making them afraid. In 863

three recent Sunday night services mechanics and munition workers.

there have been many professions of lUany of the officers show a very a desire to accept Christ and to live friendly cooperation. Recently over the true Christian life." 1,000 men professed to accept Christ as Lord and Saviour in these meetings A Native Church in Ecuador and all have received copies of the MILAGRO is a town of 10,000 in- G08pel of St. John. The work is sup· habitants in Ecuador, near the ported by voluntary offerings. city of Guayaquil. The native pastor there and his work are thus described The Evangelical Church in Peru T by the Alliance Weekly: "He has HE fifth annual Synod of the Iglesia Eva,ngelica Peruana was a good understanding of the Scriptures, and beside preaching in the held, for the first time in the history church at Milagro, visits many sur- of these gatherings, in Lima, the cap- rounding villages on his bicycle, ital city. At the first session, in giving out tracts and selling portions 1919, four delegates attended, repre- of Scripture. He has recently re- senting three congregations. This ceived a tempting offer from an year thirty-three duly appointed dele- employer of mechanics, but his love gates officially represented twenty- for the work of the Gospel has con- seven congregations, and reports and strained him to refuse. On a recent contributions were received from Sunday morning the first baptismal forty congregations. Beside these service ever held there 'created wide official delegates, sixty-four came up interest. The four candidates for for the Bible Convention and to b<l baptism first gave their testimonies as present at the Synod. A writer in to the power of the Gospel in their South America says: "More remark- lives, and their desire to follow in able perhaps, as indicating not only the steps of their Master. During the increase in numbers, but also growth evening preaching service there were in Christian grace, is the advance in as many people outside the church as generosity revealed by the accounts inside. At the close several men in- … _.. The sessions are so conducted (mired about baptism as a result of as to encourage the native brethren the service in the morning." to manage their own affairs and find their own solutions to their problemB.

Soldiers' Gospel Mission, Chile 'I.'hey elect the officers with as much MR. AND MRS. WILLIAM M. freedom as if there were no foreign STRONG, who went to Chile a mission or missionary. " few years ago to open work among the soldiers of Arica, have now founded A Brazilian WOJnan's Outlook O the " Soldiers' Gospel Mission of NE phase of the Christian op- portunity in Latin American South America. " The work now centers in Concepcion, Chile and is ex- countries is indicated by the following erting a wide and salutory influence. statement made by a Brazilian A gospel hall and gameroom for sol- woman, who had come in contact with diers, meetings in the barracks and the work of the Young Women's in the open air, evangelistic work, and Christian Association: "The woman Bible correspondence courses are of today has faith in the greatness features of the mission. of our future and is eager to help.

. Many new doors open for service The wave of prosperity 'and dev('lop- among the various regiments-twen- ment, the advent of the working ty-eight having been reached thus far. woman, the influence of the United These are scattered 2,500 miles along States, have all changed her outlook.

the coast among infantry, cavalry, Heretofore her ideas on life were engineers, artillery, mounted police, characteristically Latin, her reading and in schools for marines, and among exclusively French. Now American-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ization, with its advantages and its organization, this Bureau has served to drawbacks, is affecting her to a large unite those churches which have been e;–ient. Indepelldenc~ is a new thing; in a position to help in a common she is interested in :1 chieving it." cause. The relief which has been af- forded in the past four years has EUROPE demonstrated to the afflicted churches An All-Europe C. E. Convention the solidarity of Protestantism. As THE European Christian Endeavor the Bureau continues to work and Union held its fifth convention devotes more and more attention to in Budapest from August 8th to constructive efforts for the complete 14th. An English observer comments: rehabilitation of the church life of "Unity, evangelistic fervor, eagerne~8 Europe, it will serve increasingly as to train the young, a growing enthusi- the rallying point of the Christian asm for Christian Endeavor, which forces of the Old World and the New, gives energetic and idealistic youth irrespective of denominational and its opportunity within the Church national differences.

and for the Church-these were keynotes of the convention. Over (;00 Gennan Church Regains Strength R delegates from over twenty nations, EV. ADOLF KELLER, D.D., Director of the Central Bureau speaking many tongues, belonging to a dozen or ,more denominations. from for Relief of the Evangelical Churches Lutheran to Friends, from Presby- of Europe and European Secretary of terian to Mennonite, with many ec- the Federal Council of the Churclit's clesiastical and political differences, of Christ in America, reports "th~ and many varieties of temperament– return of Protestantism in Germany- they realized a wonderful fellowship to a position of strength and influ- at the common meals, in the united ence. " He continues: "The churches; communion service, in the conscera- of Germany were so disrupted by the tion meeting, and even in the bnsi- political and economic consequences· ness sessions of the European CouncIl of the peace that for a time their very· and Executive. All through thc continuance was threatened. The; convention there were not only evan- economic situation in Germany is by gelistic meetings, but also in the great no means normal. There are still public meetings evangelistic addresses vast armies of unemployed, and much and appeals. These, with the welcome suffering and want. But, since the meeting and the closing consecration inauguration of the Dawes plan and meeting, deeply impressed Catholics the stabilization of the mark, there and Jews who had attended out of has been such an improvement in the curiosity, and there were some re- position of the Church as to enable it markable cases of inquiry and con- to help the churches in other lands, version." instead of receiving help itself, as has been the case hitherto. Home mis- European Churches Work Together sion and foreign agencies are taking A I~ONG all lines there is in evi- up their tasks once more; the social dence, reports a competent ob- welfare work of the churches is again server, a new spirit of cooperation moving forward." ..

between the churches of Europe. The very difficulties and trials through Riga Tabernacle Dedicated E which the churches have passed have NTHUSIASM marked the services opening the Riga Tabernacle led served to drive them together. Very splendid cooperation has been evi· by Pastor FetIer of the Russian Mis- denced in the relief work carried on sionary Society. Many people, from by the Central Bureau of Relief of the all parts of Latvia, had heenat a Evangelical Churches of Europe. An special praise and prayer-meeting on interdenominational and international the previous evening. Both the Amer- 5

iean and the British ambassadors were A New Day for North Africa present at the dedication service, and made brief addresses. There were EDUCATION and the whole imseveral police officers present and on pact of modern life and thought the platform. Before the close, the are breaking down the old fan- Chief, at the invitation of Pastor aticism and opening up new hor- Fetler, we~t into the pulpit, and, as izons to the native white races representatIve of the Government, of North Africa-both Berber and expressed his appreciation of th" Arab. The 'Methodist Episcopal work, and declared that the more Church reports a very promising work success that attended it the better it carried on in seven stations. It inwould be for the police, as their duties cludes evangelistic and church work would thereby be made l;ghter. Pas- in three languages-French, Arabic, tor I<'etler announced that of the and Kabyle. Six homes for Arab and $35,000 required to open free of debt, Kabyle boys and girls, with over two about $20,0,00 had been received. The hundred children, are maintained. evening meeting, specially evangelis- The children attend the French govtic and for Russians, was also well ernment schools and receive religious attended. instruction and moral training in the homes. There are also an agricultural Al'lUOA and industrial school; a students' hostel, where Arab and Kabyle young 'Bome's In:lh;'enee in Abyssinia men following courses in government high schools can board and lodge and THE arrival of the Duke of Abruzzi be under the moral influence of the at Addis Abeba, the capital of missionary; a Bible institute for the Abyssinia, with valuable presents for training of native teachers, colporthe regent, the queen, and the royal teurs, evangelists, and pastors. Eightfamily, was reported in the New York een young Arabs and Kabyles are Times late in the summer. The Duke working in the mission as evangelists was accompanied by "an important and religious teachers. There arc official of the Vatican, traveling in- also five native Bible women. cognito as the Abbe Brucardi, " whose mission was said to be to establish a "Pilgrim's Progress" in the Congo modus vivendi between the Coptic Church of Abyssinia and the Vatican. REV. c. E. PUGH, who has been The Converted Catholic quotes from at work in the Congo for eighteen the article as follows: " Since the years, has translated ,. Pilgrim's fourth century, except for eight years Progress" into the Lokele language, in the seventeenth century, when the and now sees young people reading it authority of Rome was acknowledged, in a village where in 1910 cannibalism successive Abyssinian bishops have was practiced. He writes ,of a teacherbeen appointed by the head of the Cop- evangelist who was offered bv a tic Church in Egypt, and in the old Roman priest much larger pay if he days wars were fought to sustain his would become a Catholic: ·authority. Recently Roman ecclesiastics have deemed the time ripe to He opened his precious book and turned make an attempt to win back the the pages over rapidly until he had before Church in Abyssinia. The Regent Ras him the picture of Flatterer with his net. Tafari has great respect for both the He held that up to the priest, and he said: Quirinal and the Vatican, and is said , 'Now I hear what you say, I know what to be ready to enter the fold of Rome your name is; your name is Flatterer." just as soon as a sufficient number of Then in the nstive speech he added, "It is parishes acknowledge the Pope, so no use to set a hunting net in the forest as to make objections from Cairo of when the chimpanzee is looking on." no great importance." Mr. Pugh continues: "The great need of the people who live in equa- torial Africa is a larger literature, a

NEWS, FROM MANY LANDS

literature adapted to their own par- came into her eyes. She looked at tieular needs . . . . . . Our people have a me with fear and wonder, and later very pithy saying. It is this: . The on when all the children were in bed, Goel of the Catholics has no books.' she came to me and said, 'Have they Protestantism has always stood for forgotten my sin 7 Is it a sign of two things, the open mind, and the God's forgiveness 1 I have not much open Book." wisdom, I am not very old, but if God has called me to this holy work in His Children in the Cameroun Church Church, then here I am, 0 Lord,' and AWORKER in the Cameroun Mis- she rose and stretched forth her hands sion, West Africa, writes of one as if she saw Him before her. She notable advance made during the year said in parting, 'It is a day of joy for which, though not originating in the me, but more joy for you and for Our village sehools, will most certainly re- Chief.' Just to look at Chungu with act with power upon them. Almost all her quiet, serene face and gentle way the stations have instituted children's with the girls is gloriously worth bika,na!a–communions. These for while. "

the grown folks connote, of course, the breaking of bread at the Lord's THE NEAR EAST Table; but for the children they take The Turkish Woman'. Religion A on more of, the aspect of Children's CCOR,DING to John B. Ascham, writing in World Neighbors, the Day. Together with this innovation in our evangelistic work among chil- new women of Turkey do not attend dren-most of them naturally being the rel~gious services of the mosques.

the village school children-has They no longer are attracted by the been instituted the" Children's RIoll." old religious life of Islam. Once they These two features are really com- could attend the public prayers se- ponent parts of one endeavor to creted behind screens. Many mosques make the children realize that they did not have these screened places for have an important place in the the women. They said their prayers great life of the church. Thou- at home. Women now, if they wish, sands gathered at the various stations can go to the mosques. "I have seen during the days of the week set aside them in St. Sophia separated from the for them and rejoiced in the daily men by a single cord to indicate their meetings and the Sunday services place. I have not seen women wor- held especially for them. The words shiping in any of the mosques which of one little tot are significant: "We I have visited in Anatolia. But the are being treated as real persons new woman, like her husband, will now!" have little to do with the mosque. It is associated with the tyranny of the An African Woman Made a Deacon old soc·al order. Religion has little CHUNGU is a woman of whom one significance to the leaders of modern of the missionaries of the London Turkey. "

Missionary Society at Mbereshi, Cen- tral Africa, writes: "Chungu is back Sta:tr of Beirut University O with us as our cook and house capitao NE way in which international and interracial sympathies are and general stand-by. She has won back the respect of the whole village. promoted by this famous institution She really has triumphed gloriously. is indicated by the following state- And the crowning joy of the year for ment made by Bayard Dodge, Presi- her and for me came this very week dent of the University: "Members. of at our New Year's church meeting; the faculty and staff are chosen be- Chungu was unanimously elected a cause of personal qualifications, re- deacon of the church. I watched her gardless of race or sect. Last year we when her name was proposed, tears had members of fourteen races on

our teaching and administrative force. come today are much the same as Out of a total of 172, only 53 of these they were years ago, in spite of the were American. The same teaching fact that war conditions and the miand administrative force represented grations made necessary the moving nine religious sects; 102 were Protes- of the college. "Smaller than Robert tants and the others were Moslems, Bahais, Druses, Jews, Catholics, Or- College or the American University of thodox, etc. The Protestants in turn Beirut, and much less famous," says represented most of the leading de- The Congregationalist, "this little nominations of Protestantism." college is nevertheless of the same noble sort and makes its steady con~ tribution to the manhood and woman~ Palestine, a Jewish HODu,land hood of the Near East."

AT THE World Zionist Congress, Moslem and Jew Study the Bible held in Switzerland during the past summer, which celebrated the THE American School for Boys in thirtieth anniversary of the founding Baghdad is one of the outstanding of the movement, encouraging reports activities of the United Mission in were given of the progress made in Mesopotamia. Rev. Calvin K. Staudt, the restoration of Palestine as a home- its principal, reports these two unland for the Jews. Since the Balfour usual cases in connection with the Declaration, which was agreed to by school; "The brother of a Moslem the French and Italian Governments, boy called the other day to find out large areas have been put under culti- how his brother was getting along, vation by homesteaders. IJocal cement plants and other factories are supply- especially in his study of the Bible. To my surprise, he told us that he ing much of the material used in the wants his brother to study the Bible construction of the new and modern much and that he would be pleased cities around Jerusalem. Extensive if we would ask his brother to recite orange groves have been cultivated often so that he would have more of and increased by the installation of an incentive to study his Bible. One irrigation systems. Poultry raising of our teachers is giving private lesand dairy farming have been successfully carried on in sections that were sons to a Jewish boy after school, in formerly useless and not under culti- his home. The father has requested vation. Schools have been established, this teacher to devote fifteen minutes each day out of the lesson period to both Jewish and Arab, and Great the study of the life and teachings of Britain contributes twenty per cent Jesus. The father knows that his son of the cost of the Jewish schools and is morally weak and, having himself so far the entire expense of the Arab been educated in a mission school and schools. in the University of Beirut, he feels that not.hing can straighten out his New ADatolia College son better and make a man of him PRESIDEN'll WHITE of the trans- than such teaching." planted and thriving Anatolia College, now of Salonica, writes en- INDIA AND SIAM thusiastically of what he found on Hindus Desire Clean Hearts his new campus as he completed, this summer, his seventh trip to the Near AT A farewell meeting held for East in thirty-seven years. The col~ Rev. and Mrs. William McCance, lege had, last year, 173 students from of the American Board's Marathi Mis- Albania, Armenia, Greece, and other sion in India, as they left Satara for Near Eastern lands. More than 2,500 their furlough, they were presented with fragrant garlands and affection~ have been enrolled during the forty ate speeches were made. This is in years of the life of the institution. accordance with Indian custom, but The places from which the students what made the occasion noteworthy

NEWS FROM MANY' LANDS

was a speech by a young Hindu OT and further proof of why India needs the shoemakers' caste, who asked Christ. He says: "Although wicked- leave to present garlands on behalf of ness does abound, yet America is a the shoemakers. He said: ' ,Your Christian land and Christian senti- group is far ahead of ours. You ment prevails. As soon as it was Christians outdistance us both eco- known that there were flood sufferers, nomically and intellectually. In both help was rushed to them immediately.

respects you are much beyond us. But The whole country from the Atlantic more than this, your hearts are clean. to the Pacific was stirred to help.

We look longingly at you and wish Nobody said, 'They are not my caste, that we, too, weye well educated, liv- why should I worry about them?' If ing in more respectable homes, but the Ganges River had flooded all its most of all we wish that our hearts lOW-lying plains and washed away were clean!" And Mr. McCance an- thousands of its villages, would the swered, " And when will you and your whole of India rush to help them 7 fellows come to follow the Guru Jesus The probability is that the whole of Christ, who can give you clean India would not give five minutes to hearts 1" The man sadly shook his thinking about the sufferers. Most of head and said, "When we break our the people would never know about it, fetters, sahib." for they cannot read. If it was a great Slavery Contract in RaJvutanB enough calamity the Christian Gov- H B. SARDA, in an article quoted ernment out here no doubt would do • by the Antislavery Reporter, something, but as to the people on describes the slavery of the Darogha the whole it would never occur to caste in Rajputana states. Mr. Sarda them that they had any duty in the says that, in exchange for food, matter."

clothes and marriage dowry from the Preparing for Blindness master, the Daroghas bind themselves to render any service that he may T HE school for the blind carried demand and not to leave his service. on in Bombay by American Con- Their children are similarly liable to gregationalist missionaries is a helprender service to the masters. The ful institution of long standing. The daughters of Daroghas are given annual report of the Marathi Mission away in dowry in the marriage of says of one pupil: "Gulabi was one the master's daughters. The master of the sweetest, happiest little orphans can also dispose of the surplus Da- in the Methodist girls' school at Talroghas under him, but retains the egaon. One day it was noticed that right to requisition their services she seemed to be having trouble in whenever necessary and to give away reading; her eyesight was failing. She their daughters in dowry. A Darogha was sent to the Presbyterian hospital can buy his freedom by paying back to at J'[iraj and everything possible was the master all the expenses incurred done, but she came back with the veron his behalf by the former. A dict, 'No hope. Blindness ahead.' Darogha naturally has no scope to I wonder how we would meet that verearn money and the master sees to it dict, if it came to us? Gulabi wasted that he gets none. He therefore re- no eyesight on tears, but said at once, mains a slave all his life and trans- with a cheery smile, 'Well, I just mits his slavery to his children. can't stop stUdying. I'd better. go to the Blind School now and begin to A Great Lack in HinduisIn learn while I can still see; then by REV. JOHN E. NORTON uses the and by perhaps. I can be a blind Bible response of the American people woman' …… Her cheery smile, sweet to the Mississippi flood disaster as voice and loving helpful spirit are a an illustration of the difference be- spot of sunshine in an already cheer- tween Hinduism and .Christianity, ful place."

Union Cha.pel in Ceylon in other callings. One important alleviation in this difficult situation A SERVICE that is unique in is that many mission schools can pay missionary history in Ceylon took their teachers the salaries of those place at the Training Colony, Pera- who add preaching to their teaching deni:!a, when the new chapel was duties. Some of the most forceful dedicated. This is the first Christian preachers are in the employ of place of worship to be built in Sin- schools, or are in medical or legal halese style. The architecture is all practice and III government offices.- Kandyan. Baptist, Presbyterian, Missions. Wesleyan and Church of England clergymen took part in the dedication Karens Must Share the Gospel service, which is described as having been conducted by the congregation, ATHIRD-GENERATION Karen at the invitation of the Colony Coun· Christian writes in Missions of cil. H. 1. Charter writes of it: "This his people: "The Karens are essenis the first service of such a nature tially missionary. They are instincever held in Ceylon, because the tively hospitable and generous. Many Colony is the only case of united work American friends have said that they in the training of teachers imd evan· are sure they will never starve if they gelists ever attempted in the Island. are anywhere near a Karen habita- It will be more than a happy memory. tion. The Karen Ohristian is there- It augurs well for future united wor- tore never happy to keep the Gospel ship, and united work for the exten- of Christ to himself. He must share sion of the kingdom of our common it with someone. But do not think Lord. " that Karens are perfect specimens of humanity. One of their crying weak- Burmese Preaching LaYlllen nesses is sloth, but their redeeming quality is standing by their guns at FEW churches in Burma can as any cost. It is therefore very im- yet offer a pastor one third of the portant that the Karen youth should salary a college graduate receives for be taught early to foster strong misother employment. A more significant sionary ideals. The boys and girls in fact is that the larger part of mission the American Baptist Mission Karen workers who have had college advan- schools grow up in an atmosphere tages have not completed degree charged with evangelistic fervor." courses, though not a few have had the college advantages and have sim· New Sramese Christian Colony ply failed to pass the final university examinations. The number of workers ACiIINESE Christian of the second in the Christian churches in Burma generation, graduate of two who have had two years of college American schools, has gone back to training mounts up into the hundreds. Siam, determined that his business The preaching teacher, the preachil!g career shall not interfere with his physician, the preaching judge and Christian service. Mrs. Charles E. the preaching lawyer are outgrowths Eckels of Sritamarat, Siam, writes of the peculiar situation which exists that this young man's father helped in Burma. The mission theological to found a Christian colony in the schools engaged in preparing young Federated Malay States about twenty people' for religious positions have years ago. The Government encourhad few applications from students aged the settlers to plant rubber who have completed even one half of trees by giving them a few cents for the severe university courses of study. each tree planted. Ten or fifteen acres The Christian churches, though nu- of land were allotted each family. merous, have not been able to provide Recent high prices of rubber have the support for their pastors which given each family a good income, and even high·school graduates can obtain there is a very strong and prosperous

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS &71

Christian community, with ten lower gram was sent to him asking him to schools, a church and a high school. stop the robbery. That night our This young man has now started a hearts were hung up, but we saved' similar Christian settlement in Siam everything. Praise filled our hearts. near Singora. The Siam Government …… Our country Christians have has given the group all the land they suffered great things and also the want to develop, and they are also city ones, but they are all living as starting rubber plantations. "Most bravely and lovingly as they know of his people are young men from how from the teachings of Jesus. It the first settlement, I think," writes will not be easy to pay our pastor's Mrs. Eckels. "It is very like the little salary, but we are not afraid. Has leaven hidden in the meal. All over not God protected us, and should our this country Christian influence is at hearts have known any peace without work, silently permeating the whole the religion of Christ ~ We must', population. " therefore, make sacrifices for our church. Please rest your heart about OHINA AND TIBET us."

Wnat Ohrist Would Say to Ohina Gospels Given to Bandits T HE story is told in The Outlook ACHINESE pastor in the Meth- of M?:ssions of six Christian stu- odist Mission in West China went dents in Hunan Province who formed to the captain of a company of bana preachin'g band when the Yochow dits, and asked for permission to Communists closed the mission school. speak to them. When this was That one of them showed especial in- granted, two church members went dependence of thought and earnest- with Pastor Li, taking with them a ness of conviction is evident from his large number of gospels for distriremarks on one occasion to his fel- bution. This is how he tells the story: lows: "Surely, if Christ were here "The men numbered about 130, now, " he said, "He would not preach drawn up in two lines. Between two as He did to the Jews. 'Do not pray and three hundred villagers stood on the street corners to be seen of about, watching the curious sight, men,' He said. They loved to be seen ready to run at the first sign of trou-. of men to pray; but we are ashamed ble. The Lord gave me the courage to be seen praying. Therefore the to tell those ,bandits their sins to their Lord would tell us to stand on the faces. I did not mince words. And street corners and pray, and not be as I described the miseries of the ashamed to be caught praying! What people the tears came to my eyes and we all need in these days of anti- ran down my cheeks. I urged them Christian sentiment is more courage to repent. I told them that now that to confess our religion and to live it." they were going into the army they could begin a new life, and that the Oourageous Ohinese Ohristians Lord would overlook their past if they forsook their wicked ways, but FROM a letter written by Chinese if they persisted in wickedness it Christians in Showchow, Anhwei would be hard for them. I then told Province to one of their missionaries them about the gospel doctrine, now in the United States the follow- showed them the gospels, and said ing is quoted: "One night ten soldiers that I was going to give one to every heavily armed came to the hospital man who was willing to repent, but and demanded that in twenty min- for no one to take a copy unless he utes everything should be opened so meant to change his ways. The church that they could take the things for members then passed down the ranks their army hospitals. We prayed for with the books, and not a man rec a plan to come forth before our eyes. fused. " We had a friend who was a 'small' officer and we went to beg his help. We also know the general and a tele-

Presbyterian Missionaries Return doings of imperialism and capital- THE Board of Foreign Missions of ism_ To see many of them with bound the Presbyterian Church in the feet hobbling along in such proces- U. S. A. made the following statement sions is a vivid reminder of how in September: "In response to cable- quickly these changes are coming_ In grams from China about twenty fur- the labor unions that are being rapidloughed and new missionaries are ly organized women also have their now sailing for the field. Of our share. They are often seen doing China missionaries in the Far picket service for the unions, clad in East in August, more than 100 the same kind of uniform and perwere in their own stations and 130 forming the same duties as the men."

in port cities in China; in neighbor- "Reforma.tories" So-Called ing countries in temporary service or advanced language study there were REV. R. E. CRADDOCK writes 50 in Korea, 12 in Japan, 10 in the from Yunnanfu, southwestern Philippines, and 5 in Siam; some and China, that the Chinese have estabprobably many of these 'refugees' lished institutions called "reformawill be back in their regular stations tories" for abandoned boys and girls, this autumn. There are approximately and that inhuman cruelties are prac- ] 75 on furlough in the homeland, tised upon the inmates, in many inlargely engaged in post-graduate stances girls being sold into slavery. study or other constructive employ- These girls having been already torment. They will return to the field as tured and thrown out to die are opportunity permits." picked up by the police and taken to this institution because the new law One cablegram read: does not permit beggars, waifs or 8hantllng Mission n1en are returning to slaves to lie in the streets to solicit alms or pity. A lady missionary who their stations; women also to Tsinan and visited one such reformatory reported Weihsien. Schools are reopening except at that it was evident that the chief Icl10w and Yihsien. Hosuitals all are oven. Mission work continues with Chinese Chris- tian le3 Mrs retaining enlarged control and source of income was from the sale of responsibility. some of the inmates for wicked ends.

Chinese Women'/J Organizations Indeed, she herself witnessed such sales. Some inmates had starved to I N A booklet on the Y. W. C. A. in death. The place was filthy beyond China. recently issued, lIiss Irene th011ght. Their rags and a filthy Dean writes: "One of the most hope- straw mat, in many cases bare boards, ful things about the present woman's were all they had for bedding. Their movement is the fact that there is a food was of the coarsest, and served real effort to make the women of all without tables or the commonest uten- classes count_ Perhaps for the first sils. Their sores were left to putrefy.

time the real importance of the in- In Yunnan-fu, the question of slavery dustrial and peasant women is being in general and of the state of these recognized. As soon as the Nationalist institutions in particular, has recently regime began in Hunan the Woman's closely occupied the attention of mis- Association set up plans for reaching, sionaries there, who include members through propagandists, all the women of the China Inland Mission, the (and did reach many of them in fact) Church Missionary Society, the Unit- not only those of the cities and larger ed Methodists, and some French nuns.

villages but even those of the remotest country districts. In the cities under Tibetan Priests as Guests S the new government, women workers OME of the contacts with Tibetans established by the Disciples' Misare to be seen in large numbers in the frequent parades to celebrate an- sion at Batang, West China, have al- niversaries or protest against the ready been reported in the REVIEW.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

One member of the mission now hooked and braided rag rugs made by writes from that outpost on the Tib- our girls were pronounced by the etan border: "A number of young judges to be the finest work shown.

priests from the large monastery at We have forty-three girls, out of an Litang stopped to look in at our enrollment of 133, working about school on their way to Lhasa. We fourteen hours a week, and thirteen always invite them to look around who work half that time."

and give them gospels and tracts. At first only one of them ventured in Japan's Religious Attitude T but after he had received the gospels HE failure of the bill intended to regulate the various religions in and tracts and gone out, others were encouraged to come in. These priests Japan was announced in the May had never before seen a white person, REVIEW. Rev. Walter Buchanan, which is not surprising since most of writing in the Christian Observer, them live south of Litang and are at interprets the situation as showing a the monastery only on certain days changed attitude toward religion on of the year. They will take up their the part of "official Japan. " He residence in Lhasa for three years says: "For about twenty-five years where they expect to learn the mys- the Government had had a large teries of conquering evil spirits and committee, including representatives all the lore l).ecessary for an ordinary of the three great religions, Bud- priest. We hope that they will have dhism, Shintoism and Christianity, enough interest in their profession to studying the whole situation ….. .

study the gospels and tracts, perhaps Apparently lack of interest and zeal later to seek further knowledge of in religious matters was responsible the good tidings.' l for its dragging on so long. But the recent awakened interest in religion JAPAN-KOREA occasioned the introduction of the bill Industrial Training in Korea. last year; moreover, its rejection T HE industrial department of the after much full, free discussion and boys' school conducted by Southern criticism openly expressed in public Presbyterian missionaries at Chunju, gatherings and in the press bears Korea, gives manual and vocational testimony to a new interest in and training, and enables the boy without a new valuation of religion."

sufficient means to work his way through school. In this wayan all- Fruits of EvangelislIl A round education is given to the futureN AUSTRALIAN missionary of the Church Missionary Society leaders and church members of the Korean Church. What Tuskegee is in Kagoshima, Japan, writes: "Quite doing for the Negro and Berea Col- suddenly a young doctor and his wife, lege for the mountain boys and girls, who had been enquirers for years, the mission wishes to do for its peo- asked for baptism. The other day a ple. One of the teachers in the gil'Is , friend of the doctor's, who knew him school in Soonchun writes: "In the in the early days of his Bible study, eyes of the Japanese Government the told me he had always said that industrial department is one of the Japanese had suitable religions of most importan~ features of our school their own, and that nothing would work. They say it would be a fine persuade him to be baptized. Almost thing if we would give work to all at the same time as these two, various the girls in the school instead of to other enquirers came to the point and the few who must earn their ,.ay in we now have two baptism preparation order to obtain an education. In a classes-eight women and six men.

recent exhibition of the school work Aoki San has been with us for a ten of all Soonchun territory, both gov- days' children's mission. He is a ernment and private schools, the magnificent story teller and children's

evangelist, and he has been greatly but the Dobuan was chosen by the used all over Japan in children's Australian Methodist missionaries work. He visited three of our Sun- as the literary language for a conday-schools, giving them three days siderable territory. The system of each, and at the end a hundred chil- training all teachers at a central indren gave in their names as desirous stitution gives a knowledge of that of being saved. We do thank God language to all the leaders of the for these." people. The teaching in the village schools, wherever p03sible, is done in Temperance Progress in Korea that tongue also. The present trans- lation now gives. the whole library of REV. F. S. MILLER, Presbyterian God's Word to these much-divided missionary in Chungju, Korea, tribes. writes: "My secretary, when out doing village preaching, found a village Christian Australian Nurses whose people had decided to make and buy no more beer, to stop supply- THE Australian Nurses Christian ing it to farmhands. If the villagers Movement, which is well estabwill not buy beer, the beer shop has lished in every State of Australia to hand back its license; so these peo- has been extended to Queensland, ple practically have local option. I where it was founded last June. This wish we could describe the results of movement is a voluntary association this experiment in a leaflet and dis- of nurses who are desirous of rentribute it all over Korea and persuade dering mutual assistance in the culthe other villages. to do likewise. The tivation of the Christian life, and of above-mentioned village is not yet a availing themselves of the best means Christian one. Where the people are of Bible study and Christian fellowlargely Christian the liquor business ship. On account of irregular hours dies a natural death, for the church of duty it is sometimes difficult for is a temperance society. I never nurses to give sufficient time to spirheard of a Presbyterian pastor in itual development. It is to help in Korea who baptized one who drank this development that the movement intoxicants. He tells such that they was established. Its aim is "to lead should wait till they have enough nurses to know Jesus Christ as their :faith and love to impel and enable personal Saviour and Lord, and to them to give up the habit lor the sake devot~ their lives to His service. " I t8 of their weaker brethren and sisters, method is to form Bible study circles especially for the sake of the young." in the various public hospitals and to hold weekly a central Bible study ISLANDS OF THE SEA circle which enables nurses on the staff of private hospitals, and those Bible for Papnan Christians doing private nursing and child wel- fare work, to avail themselves of T HE completion of the Bible in the Christian fellowship. The circles are Dobuan tongue marks a step on- presided over by known Christian ward in the spread of Christian leaders from the clergy, medical and knowledge among the people of Pa- teaching professions, and the business pua. When it is realized that the world. Bible is, with the hymn-book and catechism, the only literature avail- Silliman Institute Gradnates able for these people, that it must serve the purpose of primer and read- THE work of this famous instituing book in the schools, that to native tion in the Philippine Islands is preachers and teachers. it is the only bearing significant fruit. Rev. J. L. book of reference and study, it will Underwood, D.D. who says that the readily be seen of what immense value teachers, lawyers, physicians and is the completed translation. Various business men who have imbibed the languages and dialects are spoken,

192i) NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Silliman ideals are laying the founda- the four gospels is supplied to him tions of democracy, writes of the by the League, to be read and pl1ssed importance of helping Silliman grad- on in the same way. On the compleuates to establish "private schools at tion of the gospels, the child receives strategic points, schools like Maasin a New Testament from the League. Institute. Angel Espina, a graduate of Silliman, took one year in an Ore- "Rosenwald Schools" Increase gon college and graduated. On his own initiative and almost single- DURING the year ending July 1st, handed, he opened this school in his the Julius Rosenwald Fund gave native town. The school was about aid to 545 building projects in fourto close its first year before many of teen Southern states. These included us missionaries knew of its. existence. rural school buildings for colored He was without material resources, children, teachers' homes and addiand he needed a little help in getting tions to school houses. The total cost the school organized and incorpo- of these buildings was $2,812,718, rated. The third year has just closed and of that sum the Rosenwald fund with an enrollment of 230, and is contributed a total of $410,679. The recognized by the Government. Es- colored people themselves gave $440,- pina is a ZacchlBus as to physical 353 the white people $90,719, and stature, bu~ he towers above his fel- the' public school authorities approlow townspeople in intellect and priated $1,870,949. For the present character. He has stoutly refused to year the fund will give aid toward throw the Bible out of the curriculum the construction and equipment of in spite of persecution and empty only those schools, where the te;m offers of support." runs for at least five consecutIve months and the site and buildings of NORTH AMERICA each school aided must be the property of the public school authorities. ~n­ School-Bag Gospel League other provision is that the school SIte must have ample space for play- I N THE five years since this organ- grounds and for such agricultural ization was formed for the circu- work as is deemed necessary for the lation of the Scriptures among best service of the community. children, it has shipped over 100,000 gospels to different parts of America A A S. Missionary in Tennessee and Canada, thousands {)f TestaIllilnts, andover 200,000 pieces of literature. ASUMMER'S work in the Tennes- It recently opened its 254th center see Mountains. in a church extencovering thirty-six states in America sion program was full of rich and and 22 centers in Canada. When the encouraging experiences for a Sun- REVIEW referred to the League in its day-school missionary, says James D. June, 1926', issue, there were 181 cen- Burton, who writes: "Four new ters in thirty-one states. Thomas E. Sunday-schools were organized in Little, General Secretary, appealing neglected neighborhoods, fifty mounfor a celebration on October 14th of tain schools were reached through the founding 'of the League, says: addresses before two county conven- "The American Association for the tions, and a Christian Endeavor So- Advancement of Atheism, whose ob- ciety was established. 'Over two hunject is to atheize the youth of Amer- dred children were enrolled in two ica, has recently dubbed the League vacation Bible schools, a teacherplan, a bootleg effort to get the Bible training class of twenty-five men and into the public schools." A child who women was organized, and a number joins the League promises to carry of young people were directed to the Gospel of John in his school bag school and college. Pointing the way and, after reading it through, to give for the realization of their visions it to some other boy or girl. Each of and dreams of securing an education

for which church schools and colleges tunity before the school in preparing gladly open their doors, is a great for college young men of all tribes privilege. One of the great joys of who show capacity and moral fitness this serviee is to see boys and girls for leadership, especially for the min- develop in Christian character and istry.

service. These influences reach many mountain homes on uncharted high- Indian Appeal to the President ways thr(lUgh this region." PRESIDENT AND MRS. COOL- IDGE during their recent stay in South Dakota participated in a church New York's Negro Children AREPORT on the delinquent and convocation of more than 2,000 Sioux neglected Negro children in New connected with the Protestant Epis- York City is published as the result of copal mission at Pine Ridge Agency. a seven months' investigation by a Before the arrival of the President, Joint Committee on Negro Child the convocation adopted an address to Study, representing some thirty social agencies, in cooperation with the him, part of which read as follows: National Urban League and the "We are glad that you have come Women's City Club of New York. The among us, hoping that you may see report deals with the five boroughs the Indian as he really is. You have of New York City and the conditions seen much of war-paint and feathers and dances. Those are all things of described relate to the several centers yesterday, which mean little today, of congested Negro population. It and will mean nothing tomorrow. The points out that in the last ten years, hope of our people lies in education, through migrations from the South, industry, and religion, and we pray the Negro population of New York that you will help us find these neceshas increased at a rate nearly fonr sities for a useful life. Many of us times as great as the increase in gen- are still children of the primitive eral population; that there are now world which has disappeared and in the city more than 200,000 Ne· most of us have had little chance to groes; that largely as a result of learn fully the best things in the enforced parental neglect and because white man's way of life. Give to us, of the lack of organized recreational Great Father, understanding, sym facilities there has been since 1919 a pathy, patience and protection. In considerable increase in the delin- the America which was ours before quency and neglect of Negro children it was yours, we desire to take our as against a dcrease in delinquency place in the ranks of Christian citamong white children. izenship. "

Indian Christian Leadership Jubilee of Missions in Alaska T HE Board of National Missions of A SPECIAL jubilee meeting of the the Presbyterian Church in the U. Presbytery of Yukon convened in S. A. on July 1st took over an impor- Fairbanks, Alaska, on August 24th. tant and influential piece of Indian This presbytery is geographically not work when it became responsible for only the largest in the United States the hitherto undenominational Amer- but the farthest north. The church ican Indian Institute at Wichita, in which the meeting was held, the Kansas. This boarding school for In- First Presbyterian, has a history godian boys was established in 1915 by ing back to when the first Protestant that well-known Winnebago Indian, service in Tanana Valley was held graduate of Yale University and of in the neighboring town of Chene. In Auburn Theological Seminary, Rev. order to celebrate this jubilee year Henry Roe Cloud, who is its super- of Alaskan Presbyterian missions in intendent. He writes of the oppor- a practical way the presbytery out- lines its aims as follows: To place

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

emphasis on evangelism in all the secnre a social hall at Anchorage local churches, to conduct a school and a memorial school building at of missions during the winter in every Fairbanks, and' to ,raise a fund both church, to develop the newly organized presbyterial society among the for a hospital building on St. Lawwomen, to set going vacation schools rence Island and for the commissionin all the churches and missions, to ing of a full force of workers to the Eskimo fields.

Answers to Test On Home Missions (Questions on page 856.) 1. The Connecticut Missionary Society (Congregational) founded in June, 179'8.

2. The National Board of Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

3. All the territory east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes with the exception of Florida.

4. The Louisiana Purchase which carried the western boundary line of the United States to the Rocky Mountains.

5. All the territory under the American flag with the exception of the Philippine Islands–48 states, Alaska, Porto Rico and Hawaiitogether with the near-by islands of Cuba, Haiti and Santo Domingo.

6. The immigrant problem. 7. Samuel J. Mills, the "Haystack Hero." 8. A large majority of the colleges of the United States and many of the elementary schools owe their inception to home missions. 9. The Rev. Reuben Gaylord, a Congregational home missionary. 10. The American Bible Society at its annual meeting in May, 1829. 11. Jonathan Edwards. 12. Dr. Marcus Whitman who rode 4,000 miles to save the Oregon country to the United States. 13. Booker T. Washington, founder of Tuskegee Institute, Alabama. 14. Work for migrants-lumber jacks, berry pickers, grain harvesters, fruit and vegetable canners. 15. 17,500,000, about 14 per cent of the population. 16. Whitman College, Walla Walla" Washington. Named for Marcus Whitman, founded by Cushing Eells, presided over by Stephen B. L. Penrose. 17. Hamilton College, Clinton, New York, founded by Samuel Kirkland, missionary to the Oneida Indians. 18. According to the report of the Home Mission Council, not more than $330,000, an average of about $1.00 apiece for each Indian in the country.

19. Frank E. Higgins, "Sky Pilot of the Lumber Jacks."

2D. Sheldon Jackson, who gave 50 years' service, traveled 1,000,000 miles, planted 100 churches, founded Protestant missions in Alaska, served as Commissioner of Education in Alaska and introduced Siberian reindeer into the territory to save the natives from starvation.

MISSIONARY

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.- THE REVIEW.

Missionary Methods for Church and Home. Church, " published by the Church of Katherine Scherer Cronk. Edited by E. England. It presents the "call" C. Cronk, D.D. 12 mO. 190 pp. $1.50. from all British people throughout New York. 1927. the world of whatever race they may be. The first four chapters deal with These inspiring and fascinating the location of these peoples, and their chapters will be a boon to many pas- spiritual need and claims upon the tors, parents, and others interested in Church in England. The next nine missionary activity in home and chapters treat separately the peoples church. Dr. Cronk has edited many of each land. There are good maps of the practical suggestions gathered and a bibliography relating to the by Mrs. Cronk for the REVIEW from various geographical sections. her wide experience. It is a treasure house that will enrich many programs In this extensive survey, we are and will make work effective without taken around the globe and, in imagcountless experiments and failures ination, see these British subjects in due to inexperience. China, India, Africa, Japan and elsewhere, as administrators and com- Mrs. Cronk rightly emphasizes mercial men, on rubber plantations prayer and the need for spiritual and oil fields, on cattle ranches and power as prime requisites for success. in mines, as ambassadors and consuls, She also shows the necessity of be- as bankers, soldiers and sailors, as ginning with the children in the home students and nurses and even as acand tells how to interest them in the tors and adventurers. world-wide work of Christ. She advocates soul-winning methods as more important than money-winning or The claim of these British subjects machinery. Eyegate is proved to be upon the Church "at home" is ably the principal entrance to Man-soul and convincingly expressed although and her methods show how to capture too much stress is laid upon the fact that gate. Other chapters deal with that they are British and not enough practical work for missions, with en- upon the yearning love of the Great listing others in activities, tell how Shepherd for all His wandering to enlist country churches, and give sheep. It would be an excellent thing valuable suggestions for pastors. if the churches of other nations made It is safe to guarantee that any similar summaries of the position and pastor or missionary worker in homes needs of their own nationals scat- and churches who will take the time tered throughout the world and tried and trouble earnestly to study these to stir the conscience of the home methods and put them into practice Church to care for them in Christ.

will meet with a large measure of Particularly ought Christians of success without lost motion. America to do this, for Americans, The Call from Our Own People Overseas: too, are now found all over the world. Fifth Report of the Church Assembly The book gives a wealth of informa- Missionary Counoil. 164 pp. 28 6d. Lon· tion of general interest and is broad- don. 1927. ening and stimUlating. An advantage This well-printed volume is one of of the "Free Churches" is admitted a series on "The World Call to the in that their lay members are more 81'8 trained for religious service than are and it is questionable whether the those of the Church of England, and stewardship ideal will gain ground as are more ready to accept such service long as it is presented largely as a where there is a lack of ordained formula for money-raising. The ministers. author reveals an earnest purpose but The book is written on the assump- the book is marred by a number of tion that the British race has a unique inaccuracies, as when the author re- commission from God to mould the fers to "M. W. Baldwin" as the world. This appears in the preface founder of Colgate University, in- by the Bishop of Salisbury, and in stead of William Colgate, an eminent the words of the Bishop of Manches- Christian steward, and to "Maurice tel': "The British E'mpire is the J. Jessup" instead of Morris K.

dominant fact of world history, at ,J es~up. H. R. M.

this time"; also in such remarks as that "the Church of England is the The Way of the Doctor. R. Fletcher Moors· head. 242 pp. $2.00. New York. 1927. Church of that race." This extended and comprehensive When we reflect upon the responsi- treatment of the medical missions takes the place of Dr. Moorshead's bility of the great so-called Christian "The Appeal of Medical Missions," published twelve years ago, which nations, we are disposed to echo the is now out of print.

call of this book to the service of There are seventeen chapters, each covering a different aspect of the 'Christ whether for men of British work. They show the modern med- ical missionary as a trained man, blood or for Americans, or for any using for his patients the same methods employed in the best English o()ther child of God. All should be hospitals. ' ,Woman's Work," "The Way of the Nurse," "The Preparareminded that their country and all tion of the Missionary Doctor," are three interesting titles. An appendix their advantages are not to be used gives curious instances of native treatment of disease in China, India, for the gratification of self, but for and on the Congo. The element of appeal underlies the entire volume, the fulfillment of the purpose of God but there is very little of mere ex- hortation. The book is packed with and for the benefit of the peoples of straight-forward, useful truth.-w.

.all lands and races. F. L. G. H.

,Ownership: God Is the Owner-I Am His Sona Mona Singh. Missionary Stories for Steward. Clementina Butler. 112 pp. Children. Lucia A. Parkhurst. 48 pp. $1.00. Fleming H. Revell'. New York. 50 cents. New York. 1927. 192;'. This is a simple story of a little This is the most recent addition to girl in India, trained in mission ,our happily increasing literature on the subject of stewardship. It is writ- schools and later in a hospital in ten by a woman and is addressed par- America, who went back to her ticularly to the membership of women's missionary societies. The ap- country to do medical work among proach is along lines of the tithing her people. Mrs. Parkhurst suggests principle, the obligation being sus- that many older people" may read betained by many scriptural references tween' the lines the great need of help and a wealth of illustration drawn for such little girls as the one delargely from missionary experience in scribed and the joy that comes to us the foreign field. The scriptural sup- when we do such a work. "-w. G. H. port for tithing is drawn almost exclusively from the Old Testament and, while the author insists that tithers should not be constrained by the legal obligation alone, many of her readers will feel a sense of regret that the wider New Testament appeal for proportionate giving is not given more definite recognition. It is not 2. strong presentation of the subject NEW BOOKS Papers on the Ethnology and Archaeology of the Halay Peninsula. Ivor H. N. American Baptist Foreign Missionary So- Evans. Cambridge University Press. Lon- ciety. Annual Report, 1921. 277 pp. don. 1927. American Foreign Missionary Society. New York. 1927. India's Past: A Survey of Her Literatnres, Religions, Languages and Antiquities. A. Better Things. Third edition, revised and A. McDonell. Ill. 293 pp. 108. Oxford enlarged. J. Gregory Mantle, D.D. 250 University Press. London. 1927. pp. $1.25. Christian Nliance Publishing Co. New York. 1927. China and Foreign Powers. Sir Frederick Bhanudas-The Poet Saints of Maharash- Whyte. 78 pp. 28 6a. Oxford Univer- tra No.1. T'rans]ated from the Bhak- tavijaya by Justin E. Abbott. <II) pp. sity Press. London. 1927. $1.25. To be obtained from the Tram- lator, Summit, N. J. 1926. What and Why in China. Paul Hutchin- son. 131 pp. $1.00. Willett, Clark and Eknah-The Poet Saints of Maharashtra Colby. Chicago. 1927. No 2. Translated from the Bhaktalilam- rita by Justin E. Abbott. 295 pp. $1.25. The New Soul in China. G. R. GrOBe. 152 To be obtained from the Translator. pp. $1.00. Abingdon Press. New York. Summit, N. J. 1927. 1927.

Fifty Years of Foreign Missions of the lapanese Traits and Foreign Infiuences. Reformed Church in the United States. Commemorating the Service of Allen R. Inazo Nitobe. 216 pp. 78 6a. K:egan Bartholomew, Secretary. Compiled by a Committee: 244 pp. Board of Foreign Paul. London. 1927. Missions. Philadelphia. 1927_ An 'Uphill Road in India. M. L. Christ- Missionary Methods: St. Paul's or Ours~ lieb. 253 IIp. 68. Allen & Unwin. Lon- Roland Allen. 233 pp. 38 6il_ World don. 1927. Dominion Press. London. 1927. The Aborigines of the Highlands of Central Messianic Speculation in Israel. Abba Hil- India. B. C. Mazumdar. 84 pp. 38. lel Silver. 268 pp. $3.50. Macmillan Co. University Press. Calcutta. 1927. New York. 1927. Biennial Survey of Occupation and Direc- tory of Christian Missions in India, Burma and Ceylon, 1926-1927. Compiled by A. McLeish. 417 pp. 58. Livingstone Press. 1926.

Outline Studies in the Epistle of John. Kenya from Within. W. McGregor Ross. T. C. Horton. 121 pp. Fifty cents. !lIus. MallS. Diagrams. 486 pp. 18s. Long Beach, Cal. 1927. Allen and Unwin. London. 1927.

Outline Studies in the Epistle of Jude. T. An Africa for Africans; A Plea on Behalf of Territorial Segregation Areas and of c. Horton. 45 pp. Twenty-five cents. Their :Freedom in a South African Col- ony. Arthur S. Cripps. Map. 203 pp. Long Beach, Cal. 1927. 98.• Longmans. London. 1927.

Present Tense Salvation. Up-to-the-miuute The Jew and Christianity: Some Phases, and Evangelistic. 176 pp. Bible Institute Colportage Ass 'no Chicago. 1927. Ancient and M.cohdreirsntil aonift the Jewish Atti- tude towards y. Herbert Dan- The Rising Tide. Elizabeth Knauss. 248 by, D.D. 120 pp. 28 and 38 6a. Sheldon pp. $1.75. Christian Alliance Publishing Co. New York. 1927. Press. London. 1927.

Songs from Sightless Land. Howard W. Resident Orientals on the American Pacilc Pope. 96 pp. Bible Institute Colportage Coast; Their Legal and Economic Status. Ass 'no Chicago. 1927. Eliot Grinnell Mears. 526 pp. American In'stitute of Pacific Relations, 129 East Speaking with Other Tongues-Sign or 52d St. New York. 1927. Gift. Which 1 T.;T. McCrossan. 53 pp. Christian Alliance Publishing Co. New OOMING EVENTS York. 1927.

Spontaneous Expansion of the Church and THE UNIVERSAL WEllIK OF PRAYER FOR the Causes 3w.-h. iecah. Hinder It. Roland Al- YOUNG MEN, under the auspices of the len 220 pp. World Dominion Press. National Council of the Y. M. C. A. falls this year On November 13th to 19th. London. 1927. * .. * Spirit of the Street. Priscilla Holton. 157 A NATIONAL CHURCH COMITY CONJ!'EB.ENCII: pp. $2.00. The Pilgrim Press. Boston. will be held January 20-22 inclusive, 1928, 1927. . in the city of Oleveland, under the auspices of the Home Missions Council, the Council; The Gist of the Lessou-A Concise Exposi- of Women for Home Miissions, and the Fed- tion of the International Sunday School eral Counell of Churehes of Christ in Amer-~ Lessons for 1928. R. A. Toney. 157 pp. ica.

Fleming H, Revell Co. New York. 1927.