The Missionary Review of the World — June 1935

1935

Home Mission Number Restating the Home Mission Task Mark A. Dawber The Changing Frontier in America Hermann N. Morse Problem of Unassimilated Americans W. C. Schaeffer Christianity versus "Isms" Gaius Glenn Atkins The New Day and the Old Gospel Hugh T. Kerr Working Among Migrant Workers Adela 1. Ballard Cooperation and Union in Home Missions .. William R. King The Unchurched Children of America R. W. McGranahan A Re..emphasis of Spiritual Values Paul Dawson Eddy The Need for Christian Education 1. M. Walker The Church and the Unemployed Edgar M. Wahlberg Juvenile Criminals and the Church H. L. Dickerson 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Yea1'

to Remember Dallas, Texas. (Not the Negro School Christian Church, died early in

-Sept. 23-27.) M~s. George J. Fix, at the age of 48, in Dayton, Ohio. He June 9-1~Annual Conference, He- 7041 Tokalon Drive, Dallas, Texas. had been in executive missionary serv- brew Christian Alliance. Buffalo, ice since 1921, and from 1926 until N. Y. Eaglesmere, Pa. June 26-July 3. Cor. 1930 was executive secretary for home Sec.-Mrs. Edith C. Ashton, 1939 missions of the General Christian June 9-15-Church Conference of So- Grant Ave., Bustleton, Phile.delphia, cial Work, Montreal, Canada. Pa. Convention.

June 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- Houston, Texas. October 28-Novem- Mrs. Elizab'"eth'" R'"ustin McCon- vention, Colorado Springs, Colorado. ber 1. Mrs. E. B. Mohle, 2309 Rob- inhood, Houston, Texas. aughey, the wife of Dr. David Mc- June 22-30 – Victorious Life Confer- Conaughey who was for some years ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Lake Geneva, Wis. June 24-July 1. the Y. M. C. A. missionary in Madras, Mrs. Thomas A. Freeman, 5841 July 1-29-Institute of Race Rela- Kenmore Ave., Chicago, Ill. died at her home in Montclair, N. J., tions, Swarthmore College, Swarth- on May 18, at the age of seventy-two. more, Pa. Minnesota (Minneapolis – St. Paul). She was one of the founders of the September 16-23. Mrs. A. F. Au- Y. W. C. A. in India and was greatly July 2-7-International Christian En- guster, 1536 Van Buren St., St. beloved and honored by many mis- deavor Convention, Philadelphia, Paul, Minn. Pa. sionaries and Indian Christians who Mt. Hermon, California. June 29- enjoyed the hospitality of her home. July 4-7 – Conference on Christian July 6 (not definite). Mrs. W. F. Education and the 22d Annual Angwin, 1836 Clemens Road, Oak- Rev. Dr. Wm'". E'". S'"oothill, Profes- Meeting of the Presbyterian Edu- land, Calif. cational Association of the South. sor of Chinese at Oxford University, Montreat, N. C. Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. England, died on May 14 at the age July 31-August 6. Mrs. B. H. Sin- of 74. He went to China as a mission- July 6-14-Victorious Life Conference. cell, 103 2d St., Oakland, Md. Keswick Grove, N. J. ary of the United Methodist Church Northfield, Massachusetts. July 5-13. in 1882 and labored there for twenty- July 10 – 24 – Leadership Training Mrs. Virgil B. Sease, Parlin, N. J. five years, becoming one of the lead- School. Montreat, N. C. ing authorities of the world on Chi- Southern California (Los Angeles). nese life and language. He was born July 16-19-Annual Assembly, Amer- September 23-27. Mrs. Thomas M. in Halifax, the son of William and ican Association of Women Preach- Buley, 800 Rome Drive, Los An- ers. Aurora, Ill. geles, Calif. Margaret Soothill. He was stationed at Wenchow, China, from 1882 to July 20-28 – Victorious Life Confer- Warren, Ohio. September 17 and 24. 1907 and established there churches, ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Mrs. Geo. Konold, 314 Scott St., schools, a hospital and a college. He N. E., Warren, Ohio. was for four years president of the July 24 – 31- Woman's Auxiliary Training School. Montreat, N. C. Winona, Indiana. June 26-July 2. Imperial University of Shensi Prov- Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 S. Elm- ince. Among his best known books August 1-4-General Missions Confer- wood Ave., Oak Park, Ill. are "Three Religions of China"; "A ence. Montreat, N. C. Mission in China"; "Life of Timothy Obituary Notes Richard of China"; "A History of August 3-11-Victorious Life Confer- ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Rev. T. Matsuyama, one of Japan's China," and "Anelects of Confucius." ~rea~est benefactors, died January 4 August 7-12 – World Convention of m hIS 90th year. In 1871, becoming *** the Disciples of Christ, Leicester, alarmed at the spread of Christianity, England. he began to study it secretly in order Miss Jane Addams, the world-fa- to know how to combat it. His antag- August 11-18-Foreign Missions Week onism changed to faith and with ten mous social welfare worker and peace of the Southern Baptist Convention others he was baptized. He became in the Blue Ridge Mountains on pastor of a church in Kobe which he advocate, died on May 21 aft~r a ma- the Southern Baptist Assembly helped to establish; in 1884 he assist- Grounds, Ridgcrest, North Carolina. ed in a translation of the Bible and jor operation for cancer. She would in 1911 was a member of the com- August 12-18-World Alliance for In- mittee to revise the translation of the have been 75 years of age on Septem- ternational Friendship Through the New Testament into Japanese. Churches. Geneva, Switzerland. ber 6. She was recently awarded a *** August 17-25-Vidorious Life Confer- Nobel prize in recognition of her ef- ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Dr. David George Downey, mem- forts in behalf of world peace. She ber of the Methodist Board of Foreign August 18-22 – Universal Christian Missions, died March 7th in White was the founder of Hull House, Chi- Council for Life and Work. Geneva, Plains, N. Y., at the age of 76. Dr. Switzerland. Downey had helped to make the Meth- ~ago and had been for the past 46 odist Book Concern the largest organ- August 20-22 – Men's Conference. ization of its kind in the world. years greatly honored and beloved MontTf'at, N. C. *** because of her settlement work for August 22-Seut. I-Bible Conference. Montreat, N. C. Rev. William E. Boggs, Baptist the poor and underprivileged. She has missionary in South India for 42 August 30 – September 2 – Victorious years, died April 6, at Greenwich, been called a "priestess of under- Life Conference. Keswick Grove, Nova Scotia. N. J. standing" and kept open house for * '" '" Summer Conferences and prince and pauper alike. She has been Schools of Missions Dr. H. H. Tilbe, retired Baptist missionary to Burma, died March 4 honored with degrees by many uni- Affiliated with the Council of Women in Cincinnati, Ohio. Dr. and Mrs. for Home Missions and the Com- Tilbe had served under the Baptist versities. mittee on Women's Work of the Foreign Mission Society for 45 years. Most of their work was in Rangoon. Miss Addams was born in Cedar- Foreign Missions Conference '" '" '" ville, Illinois, of Quaker ancestors her DATl!:S AND CHAmMEN FOR 1935 The Rev. Abram W. Sparks, for- father having been a personal f;iend Bethesda, Ohio. July 29-August 2. mer executive secretary for home mis- Miss Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson sions of the General Convention of the of Abraham Lincoln. Among the Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. books of which she was the author Boulder, Colorado. June 23-29. Pro- gram Chairman-Mrs. Henry F. are: "Twenty Years at Hull House"; _ Hoffman, 741 Adams St., Denver, "Second Twenty Years at Hull Colo. House"; "Democracy and Social Eth- Chautauqua, New York. August 18- 24. Institute of World Missions, ics"; "Newer Ideals of Peace"; "The Mrs. F. C. Reynolds. 309 Woodlawn Road, Roland Park, Baltimore, Md., Spirit of Youth in the City SWtormeaetns''"~ Chairman. and "The Long Road of Memory."

HAYFEVER ASTHMA and SUMMER COLDS are nnne.essary. Complete relief only $1.00 pOltpaid. Nothing elle to buy. Over 40,000 HOLFORD'S WONDER INHALERS lold Idt year a10n.. Mail $1.00 today for full 1.8IOn'I reUef to THE DAN DEE CO., 252 HENNEPIN AVENUE, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., or write for Fre. Booklet.

MISSIONARY The next issue of the REVIEW will ~enever

REVIEW OF THE WORLD be .a combined July-August number. If you are to be away from home for the Call comes from DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor the summer please send us your change of address now. EAST OF SUEZ VOL. LVIII JUNE, 1935 No.6 Personal Items sail by Publication and Business Office– Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Dr. John R. Edwards, Secretary of p&O the Meth()dist Board of Foreign Mis- Editorial and Executive Office– sions; E. M. McBrier, lay member; To whatever part of the East the work 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Dr. Morris W. Ehnes, treasurer, with of the Faith may take you •.• Cunard Entered as second-class matter at Miss Juliet H. Knox, representing the White Star and P & 0 comhine to Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, make the way easy. You cross to Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under sailed from New York, April 20, for England by the largest fleet on the Act of March 3, 1879. North Africa, to study problems con- Atlantic ••• then sail eastward on the nected with the readjustment of Meth- new s.s. Strathnaver or s. s. Strathaird 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. odist work in that fielc;l. or any other fast luxurious P&O liners. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. . .Thus you use throughout the two Published monthly, except August. *** Lines preferred by travelers since All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. 1840 • •• on the Indian and Pacific British agents – Marshall, Morgan Dr. George B. Dean, for eighteen as well as the Atlantic oceans. Tra- and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, years connected with the Board of ditions of seamanship and service that London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, Home Missions and Church Extension have endured for nearly a century, 10 shillings a year. of the Methodist Church, has retired are your assurance of a safe and because of a serious heart affection. supremely comfortahle voyage. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB~ LISHING CO., INC. Dr. Albert *Sc*hw*eitzer, African PENI NSULAR AND ORIENTAL AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS medical missionary, was honored on BRITISH INDIA ROBERT E. SPEER, Pre8ident his sixtieth birthday in Strasbourg, W"M. 1. CHAMRERLAIN, Vice-President where he studied and taught, by hav- STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANIES WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer ing a city park named for him. He DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary has just returned to his hospital at P & 0 liners sail regularly from London to Lambarene, Africa. Egypt, Sudan and the Persian Gulf, to India, SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Burma and Ceylon, to the Straits Settle- MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Dr. Homer D*. B*roo*kins has retired ments, China and Japan, to Australia and WM. B. LIPPHARD New Zealand, East and South Africa, ERIC M. NORTH from the editorial staff of the Watch- Mauritius, etc. Convenient through book- JESSE R. W'ILSON man-Examiner. He had served that ings at attractively low fares can be arranged paper and its predecessor, the Exam- by your local travel agent or any office of A. L. WARNSHUIS iner, for 47 years. Cunard White Star Line. Complete informationfrom Your Local Agentor SAMUEL M. ZWE'MER *** CUNARD WHITE STAR Editorial Chat Sir Harold Mackintosh, President of the World's Sunday School Asso- GENERAL AGENTS Here is our Home Mission number. ciation has received a baronetcy from The subject is so vast that only a few King George, who thus recognizes the 25 Broadway New York 638 Fifth Ave. phases of it could be treated in one greatness of this organization. issue. The Indians, Negroes, Mexicans, Orientals, lumbermen, miners, Rev. and Mrs*. G*eor*ge G. Mahy, of mountaineers, West. Indies, Alaska, city slums, prison work, industrial Buckhorn, Ky., have been assigned to centers, Sunday school evangelism and missionary work in China under the religious work in rural districts are Presbyterian Board of Foreign Misall omitted or slightly treated. Some sions. Mrs. Mahy is a sister of Mrs. promised articles were not received in John C. Stam, who, with her husband, time for publication – and one – on was murdered in China December 8. "Christian Youth and a New America," by Roy A. Burkhart, was *** crowded out and will appear in July. This series is, however, varied and Brayton C. Case, an agricultural timely and will well repay study. missionary of the American Baptist Read them and pass them on. Foreign Mission Society, has been presented .with the Kaisar-i-Hind Sil- *** ver Medal for services to practical agriculture in Burma. Mr. Case is A Correction principal of Pyinmana Agricultural Sch,ool. In the frontispiece for our May number (showing some Mohammedan Fifty years ago Dr. Roberts had mosques) there was a transposition crawled on his hands and knees up of titles. The left-hand pictures to that ·same throne to ask permission shows the mosque at Woking, Eng- of the Burmese king to start mission land; the upper right-hand mosque is work among the wild Kachins. Misthat at Mogok, Burma, and the other sion work has now changed this peois that at Srinagar, Kashmir. ple from bandits and robbers into pro- tectors of the peace. *** *** A Word to the W ise~ Dr. Dan B. Brummitt, editor of the "I wish I could afford to have THE Central Christian Advocate, Kansas REVIEW and Women and Missions in City, Mo., was elected chairman of every Presbyterian minister's home of the Editorial Council of the Religious this land. . . . I can't see how any Press, composed of editors of Protminister can keep up his intelligence estant denominational papers. Dr. and interest without these magazines. Guy E. Shipler, editor of the Church- Lack of interest is almost always due to ignorance." (Concluded on third cover.) From a letter to Women and Mis- [257 ] sions from Dr. Frederick G. Coan of MinneapoIis (former mission- ary to Persia).

"Happy Is the Nation Whose God Is the Lord"

UNITE TO WIN AMERICA for CHRIST THROUGH PRAYER WITNESS SERVICE LIFE Present Situation in the United States—The Challenge Total Population,: 134,000,000 Protestant Christian Communicants, 30,000,000 Total Protestant Community, 70,000,000 Roman and Greek Catholic Community, 20,000,000 Non-Church Members (Including Children), 75,000,000 Unconnected with Any Christian Organization, 44,000,000

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REvIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER SIX JUNE, 1935 Topics of the Times SAVING THE SOUL OF AMERICA 2. Progress. No land has offered· greater op- Every land has its special resources and culture portunities for progress than has North America. Territorially the United States has expanded from -its heritage and history. The United States of ocean to ocean. No old ironbound customs and traditions have prev·ented development; new ideas .America has been greatly blessed in its tlhoecacthioanr-' and plans have been tested by laboratory methods of its natural resources, in -in government, in education, in industry, in so- III the wealth cial customs and even in religion.

acter of its early settlers, and in its national his- But today the ambition for material progress threatens to cripple and destroy the nation. When tory. In spite of many dangers and difficulties- wealth becomes a great end in itself; when edu- cation leads to the deification of the intellect; or because of the battle against them-the coun- when industry develops into selfish warfare be- tween capital and labor; when statesmanship detry's development has been steady and remark- generates into petty party politics; and when social life takes on the characteristics and customs able, at least for the first century and a half of its of the jungle-then the soul of the nation is lost.

history. Wealth, education, culture, industry, in- 3. Service. Almost every nation seems to have been completely absorbed with its own national fluence, power have increased as long as national problems and with the struggle for existence. From its early years of independence America has ideals and Christian teachings have united to keep offered a haven for oppressed and underprivileged peoples. Not only the development of her own standards high and to develop strength. vast territory but international travel and com- merce and the sending abroad of money and mis- But in recent years the body and mind of Amer- sionaries, have enabled Americans to share their material and spiritual blessings with others. ica have been developed at the expense of its soul. Today many of these streams seem to be drying For America has a soul-a spiritual quality of life up. The desire to protect national industries and to avoid entangling alliances is keeping America that must be nurtured if the body is to be kept from adopting unselfish policies and from full co- operation in international courts. Our doors are healthy and is to function properly for the benefit now almost closed to immigrants and our mis- sionary activities are being curtailed. of mankind. The characteristics and vital reali- ties of the soul of America include: 1. Liberty. When the Western Hemisphere was discovered Europe was passing through the Dark Ages – politically, intellectually and religiously.

North America was settled by men and women who sought freedom to live and to work and to worship God in harmony with high intelligence, great industry and noble ideals. The liberty sought was in harmony with law-particularly the laws of God for the well-being of man.

When licence and lawlessness take the place of law and order-licence in dress, in behaviour, in amusements, in sex relations; lawlessness and laxity in regard to property rights and traffic- laws, in marriage and the sacredness of human 4. Spiritual. America was discovered about the life-then a land and its people lose the privileges time of the Protestant Reformation., The United of true liberty. Is it not time for America to re- States was settled from northern Europe by turn to the high ideals and the practice of liberty sturdy pioneers who brought with them their open in harmony with the laws which God has estab- Bibles and who sought to pattern their lives after lished for the physical, moral and spiritual good the revealed will of God rather than on the lines of all mankind? of humanistic or materialistic philosophies. Pure, [259 ]

monoganous family life in America has been held schools and colleges, irreligion in the homes, athesacred; character-making education has been of- istic propaganda, open immorality and obscenity fered to prepare all for unselfish service; Sunday, in published literature and public exhibitions. as the Lord's Day, has been respected as a day of Parents and teachers who have strict ideas of rest and worship; Church and State have been Christian standards of conduct are referred to by kept separate, not to exclude God and His laws modern youth as "belonging to the stone age," as from the State but to prevent the State from in- hopelessly puritanical or "old fogies." No doubt' terfering with religion. most of these youth do not intend any wrongdoing but they are reckless and like to throw off all When lawmakers lose their spiritual ideals and restraint… As a rule they are not to blame. They their sense of obligation to God; when the Lord's are following the trend of the times, are often Day is commercialized and secularized; when influenced by the teaching and example seen in moral standards in education are lowered, and their homes, their schools and colleges and in when a materialistic social order becomes men's public places. ideal, it means that the supremacy of God is overlooked or ignored. Government, education, in- The great problem of home missions today, is dustry and society, as well as religion, are then on not so much the problem of occupying new territhe toboggan. tory or establishing religious centers among neg- lected pioneers and primitive peoples, as it is the But America still has a soul-a spiritual life problem of manifesting a type of Christian faith and character-as well as a body-to be saved. and life that will be an evidence of its vitality Home Missions represent the effort of Christians and truth, and will attract others to Christ. It to extend and express that spiritual life and char- requires no argument to prove that a noble hisacter in service, according to the will of God as tory or good laws do not insure a strong nation. revealed in Jesus Christ. Until this soul of Amer- It requires also noble, high-minded citizens and ica finds expression in every nook and corner of loyalty to good laws and high ideals. the country, in every phase of American life, in all our laws and institutions and activities-until The great problem of home missions today, as then the Home Mission task of the Church of of every day and every land, is that of winning Christ will not be completed. Nationalism 'may individuals to high idealism, training young and be only a heathen ideal; patriotism may be igno- old to use their powers of body, mind and soul for rant and selfish; Christianity means not only character development and for the benefit of othloyalty to Christ and His program, but unselfish ers, revealing to them the Source of wisdom and devotion to one's country and to the welfare of power that will make their talents and resources humanity in every part of God's world. The effective. What other way is there of solving this home missionary ideal is to bring one's country problem than the Way of Christ. wholly under the control of God. But that ideal can only be realized by the surrender of every THE RECIPE FOR A HAPPY NATION individual and every institution and activity to Many ideals and programs are being tried out Christ. for making a strong, prosperous, happy nation- in Russia, communism and the success of the Five THE PROBLEM OF HOME MISSIONS Year Plan; in Germany, Nazism and the elimi- TODAY nation of all that is non-Teutonic; in Italy, Fas- cism and the development of a powerful central There is no greater problem today than that of government; in Japan, military power and exbringing American life into harmony with the pansion; in China, national unity and the realizaspirit and teachings of Jesus Christ. It is easy tion of Dr. Sun's principles; in India, self-govto recognize the great progress that has been ernment and the development of home industries; made by the United States in the past fifty years in European countries, national security and -territorial expansion and increase of popula- economic prosperity; in America', economic retion, in commerce and manufacture, in wealth and covery and no outside entanglements or interphilanthropies, in education and science–but ference. have we made similar progress in morals and social justice, in Christian character and life? Every intelligent and patriotic good citizen By these latter standards of measurement have wishes to see hi/} country strong and prosperous we gone backward or forward? Judged only by and at peace with the world. He wishes to see church attendance and church membership, sta- his fellow-countrymen free and happy and gaintistics show a numerical increase but proportion- fully employed-a blessing to themselves and. to ately we have been slipping. all mankind. But there are different views as to the guiding principles and the forces that produce More than this, anti-religious and unchristian such a nation and such a people. The all-wise influences are increasing-in the teaching in many

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

and all-loving Creator and Ruler of the universe This effort to persuade Germany to revert to has given clear directions, infallible rules for paganism may lead many astray through false attaining the desired result in personal and na- aims and a vain hope of unity and security. While tional life. Here are a few: all public Christian rallies, Protestant and Cath- olic, were forbidden, more than 15,000 anti-Chris- 1. Happy is the nation whose God is the Lord. Psalm tians recently (April 26th) gathered in the 33: 12. "Sportspalast" in Berlin to attack Christianity and in a less degree to express their sympathy 2. Happy is the man (or nation) whose iniquities are with the plan to organize a Nordic pagan moveforgiven. Psalm 32: 1. ment. Pagan symbols and swastika flags deco- rated the platform. 3. Happy is the man (or nation) whose strength is in God. Psalm 84: 5. While Hitler himself may not openly and direct- ly sponsor the anti-Christian movement, he and 4. Happy are they who do right at all times. Psalm the Nazis are seeking to establish a political, 106: 3. state-controlled Church-making God and His decrees of secondary authority to national laws, 5. Happy is he that has mercy on the poor. Proverbs some even declaring that "Reichsfuehrer" Adolph 14: 21. Hitler is God's spokesman and representative. The new religion seems to consist chiefly in in- 6. Happy is the man (or nation) who maketh the Lord tense German nationalism. Apparently the only his trust. Psalm 40: 4. rites of the Nordic pagan faith consist in a cere- mony for new-born children and a civil marriage 7. Happy are they who hear the Word of God and keep agreement. In the effort to establish a centralit. Luke 11: 28. ized, unified State Church, hundreds of Evangel- ical Christian pastors-700 in one week-have 8. Happy are they who hunger and thirst after right- been jailed or sent to concentration camps. Any eousness. Matt. 5: 6. public mention of these arrests is forbidden. There is also an attempt to bankrupt "confessional 9. Happy are the pure in heart . . . Happy are the churches and clergy" by taxes and withholding peacemakers. Matt. 5: 8, 9. stipends.

10. Happy is the man who keep~th the Sabbath. Isaiah But brute force cannot win over spiritual force. 56: 1. There are millions of Evangelical German Chris- tians who will withstand every effort to paganize 11. Happy are a people saved by the Lord. Deut. 33: 29. them and their children. They are strong, coura- 12. Happy is he who is not offended in me (Christ). geous men and women who know their Bibles and Matt. 11: 6. who have personal experience of the power of Christ. Danger of imprisonment and death can- Disregarding these clear directions and the not intimidate or silence them any more than it plain lessons of history, nations today seek secur- could silence or destroy the Apostolic Church. ity and prosperity through armaments, treaties, "Truth crushed to earth will rise again." Christ human laws and "recovery codes," through regu- is still the power of God and the wisdom of God. lation of crops and prices, by labor organizations and chambers of commerce, by social security acts EARTHQUAKES AND FAMINE-WHAT and increased taxation. At the same time they NEXT? neglect the cultivation of justice, righteousness, brotherly love and Christian education. Is it any Recently, on almost the same day, newspapers wonder that "Icabod" is so often written over were filled with reports of disaster in many parts legislative halls and business marts, over court- of the globe. Formosa, the large island about houses and educational institutions and even over 100 miles off the southeastern coast of China, churches? largely inhabited by Chinese but now ruled by Japan, reported (April 22) a severe earthquake in The Word of God comes to America, as to the which some 2,500 people were killed, nearly 7,000 people in the days of the prophet Isaiah: "Seek homes were wrecked, 250,000 people are reported ye the Lord, while he may be found; call ye upon homeless, and much other damage was done. This him while he is near; let the wicked forsake his is one of twenty-five great earthquakes of the way; and the unrighteous man his thoughts, and present century in which 290,000 people have lost let him return unto the Lord and he will have their lives. mercy upon him and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon." Formosa is a mountainous island about 235 miles long and 50 to 100 miles wide, with a popu- GERMAN ANTI-CHRISTIAN ACTIVITY Recent reports from Germany announce that the seventy-year-old General, Erich Ludendorff, the eccentric military genius of the World War, has appealed to the Teutonic people to abandon all faith in Christ and the Bible and to return to the worship of the Teutonic god Odin-whom he calls the "holy wellspring of German power." General Ludendorff claims that the Hitler drive for German unity and power will not be effective without national unity and that this unity is attainable only by the adoption of a Teutonic god-a legendary being.

lation of some five million Chinese, Japanese and Council to the Belgian Minister of the Colonies aborigines. The principal cities and towns are says in part: on the west coast. This is the island where Dr. The Colony has some 250 doctors. About 165 (of whom George Leslie MacKay, of the Canadian Presby- more than half are foreigners) belong to the official service, terian Church, carried on a very remarkable mis- 15 are in the Catholic mission service, and 50 belong to sionary work a half century ago. His work was the Protestant missions. The medical budget amounts to located in the north at Tamsui (Taihoku), while the English Presbyterian Church occupies sta- 76,000,000 francs. Of this total, Protestant doctors receive tions in the southeastern part of the island. The between 600,000 and 700,000 francs, being about 1%. The 15 Catholic doctors receive all expenses, just as though they were Government doctors; and the 50 Protestant doctors recent earthquake was confined to the west central receive only . . . 1%! Protestant hospitals, dispensaries, residences for doctors and nurses, and their entire equiparea of the island where there are no foreign ment have been paid for by the funds of the Protestant missionaries. missions, whereas all this has been furnished by the Gov- ernment to the Catholic missions. . . . Certain facts On the same day reports came from China that 12,000,000 Chinese are suffering from famine due clearly distinguish our medical work from that of the to drought in eight provinces-Hainan, Anhwei, Catholics: Ours was not established at Government ex- pense; it was not established to compete in any way with and Hupeh suffering most. Many victims are the work of another confession; it has never established said to have been reduced to eating the bark of a medical service in a region already served by a doctor trees, roots and grass, having exhausted the sup- belonging to another confession. In short, it has only ply of dogs and other domestic animals. Women thought of offering to the greatest number of suffering and children are being sold to the highest bidders. humanity the medical care of which before they had been deprived. . . . We know that often the Catholic mis- The central areas in the United States have sions, even with their subsidies provided by the State, been suffering from prolonged drought, followed refuse to receive Protestant patients on account of their by great dust storms that have swept up thou- faith.

sands of acres of surface soil and have carried What, then, is it that we ask? Medicine being a public service, we ask that the Colonial Department follow a the dust as far west as Los Angeles and as far policy inspired by the benevolent impartiality which Beleast as New York. Discomfort and disease have gium has engaged itself to practice in virtue of the Coloresulted from inhaling the dust; traffic has been nial Charter and in adhering to the Treaty of St. Ger- temporarily blocked in some places and large main-en-Laye: that the Government shall "protect and farms have been stripped of fertile soil. favour, without distinction of nationality or religion, all In the midst of these and many other wide- religious, scientific or charitable institutions and enterspread distresses and disasters it would seem that prises.

men, who have prided themselves on their phys- Regarding education the report goes on to show ical conquests, and on their discoveries and inven- how the same discriminatory measures have been tions in the scientific and natural realm, would pursued despite the fact that the Protestant turn from war and destruction to give all their Church has been the pioneer in the field and has energies to constructive activity to establish har- brought great blessing to the Congo. The report monious relations with nature, with one another gives instances where special prestige is given to and with God. The world needs to submit to the Catholic prelates by government's ceremonials to rule of Jesus Christ. impress the natives. It also cites case after case of cruelty practised upon the natives by priests ROME'S GREAT MISSIONARY ACTIVITY in order to induce them to turn Catholics.

The present Pope of the Roman Catholic Church Other reports tell how Roman Catholic mission- is very active as missionary propagandist. No aries are establishing schools and- hospitals near one need to be surprised and none should criticize some of the best Protestant stations in an effort him or his Church for such activity, but there may to draw off the Protestant adherents. Instances be grounds for criticism of Roman Catholic are given where children are intimidated and methods. The Protestant Council of the Belgian even beaten to make them stop attending Protes- Congo recently prepared a protest against some tant schools. The missionary representations to of these methods and against the favoritism the Belgian Government are not complaints shown to Roman Catholic workers and because against legitimate Roman Catholic activity but of discrimination against the work of Protestant call attention to unfair government discrimina- missions shown by Belgian officials in the Congo. tion and to cases of intimidation and persecution. These discriminations have been extremely detri- The present King and Parliament in Belgium are mental to evangelical work-especially to the more inclined to give Protestants fair treatment Protestant mission schools and hospitals-some or and have promised to see that these abuses cease.

which have been established in the Belgian Congo There is a great reason for thankfulness that the for half a century. case of evangelical Christians is in the hands of The document forwarded by the Protestant God. .

the Home Mission

By REV. MARK A. DAWBER, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

Superintendent of the Department of Rural Work, Board of Home Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church T HE last five years have witnessed the round- church no less than government is called upon to ing out of the first century of organized home face the new demands of these changes. Our mission work in America. Several denomi- planned agriculture and industry to meet the new nations have been celebrating this century of ac- economic and social problems will require a new tivities and achievement. There is probably no home missions to bring to these new frontiers the chapter in American history more thrilling than dynamic of Christianity and unless this can be that which records the exploits of those early done and done quickly, there is grave danger that pioneers who blazed the trail into the American the mould of the new economic civilization will be wilderness, across the Rockies and penetrated into set without the safeguards and guiding principles of the Christian religion.* the far West, keeping pace with the population as it Are the days of pioneering in Home Missions Restated moved ever westward in search of new lands in which home missions past? Is there Home missions must now to settle. A few of these old more land to possess, a need for be restated in terms of presfrontier mission tasks re- more churches? There are re~ ent-day conditions. The primain but the work of estab- ported to be at least fifty mi1~ mary purpose is the same as lishing the Church in the lion people in America not con~ ever, that of making Jesus rapidly developing move- nected with any church-Cath~ Christ available, known and ments of the closing days of olic or Protestant. The task is accepted to underprivileged, the nineteenth century and still with us but it is different ignorant and indifferent peo- the beginning of the twen- from that which faced the early ple, and through Him to tieth, has never been com- bring people to a knowledge pleted. Many of the old fron- pioneers. Dr. Dawber points of God and His love for sintiers still remain, church- out ways in which we must fill ful man and to show the posless and godless, and are sibility of redemption and even now a challenge to the our church program with new salvation. From this point methods if we would win Amer~ ica for Christ.

Church. of view the problem is the But for the most part the same as in former days. But old frontier is gone. The old haphazard move- there is a difference in degree of need, and in the ment of peoples westward and the influx of multi- attitude of underprivileged people toward the tudes of foreign-speaking peoples from Europe to cause of their need. Home missions must do more take their pla'Ce in the rapidly-expanding indus- than meet these needs, it must address itself to tries, is gone-at least for the present-and there remove or overcome the causes. Too long have are those who predict that it is gone forever. The we been content to be the stretcher-bearer for an settling up process has given way to a settling economic system that was unj ust and therefore down process, that brings with it a new set of unchristian and that has cast its wreckage of life factors with which home missions must grapple. on the scrap-heap of humanity to be cared for by A planned economy to meet intensive living, as the Mission Boards and other benevolent institu- against the old easy-going policy of expansion, is tions. "Prevention is better than cure," but it is now the order of the day. New types of control less spectacular. It is much easier to arouse the are abroad in the land and many of them are here to stay. The old frontiers have gone but new • It was for this purpose that the Home Missions Council set frontiers, far more difficult and creating greater needs, have t aken the p1ace 0 f the oId. The forth to explore the situation and to record Its judgment and suggest nation, yes the whole world, is now in the throes a program and policy that would help the Home Mission Boards to of readjustment and reconstruction made neces- face up with the new task that lies before them. The results of sary becaus~ of these changing frontiers. The this study covering a period of five years were published a year ago in the book "Home Missions Today and Tomorrow." A casual glance at this volume will reveal the tremendous task that now confronts the Church If It is to occupy a place of respect and be ~~n~~:~t~~. in~.h~.n~~ economic, social and moral frontiers of our [263 ]

sympathy of people to give money to alleviate the administrative offices seeking employment. Othsuffering of people, than it is to get support to ers have gone directly to closed churches and prevent suffering. The Mission Boards must now offered their services at a mere pittance of a salmarch out on these new economic and social fron- ary, in order to get a shelter and enough to eat. tiers to wage war against any and every agency Mission Boards must be alert in protecting the and institution that in any way contributes to the use of funds for churches that will make an appeal poverty and destitution of the people. The decla- to supplement the salary of men who are serving ration of this new purpose will doubtless make under such conditions. In a word, the problem enemies of certain individuals and groups whose of competition is intensified as we pass from an consciences will prick them and who take refuge increasing population to a relative decrtasing one. in defensive mechanisms of traditional ways of expr,essing religion. On the other hand the ac- Institutional Changes ceptance of this new purpose will make a host of new friends and supporters who wish to help in Home missions must be restated in terms of constructive work for the rebuilding of society on certain institutional work. Schools, hospitals, a truly Christian basis. homes and certain social services have undergone a vast change. We are facing a very different set Among- Foreign Language Groups of factors that make unnecessary the develop- ment, and, in many instances, the continuance of Home missions must be restated at the point of this type of work. In the early days of pioneer the changes that have come to certain special life, it was right that the church should organize groups. The ministry to foreign-speaking peoples and promote such institutions. The state and the has received a considerable share of home mis- local communities were neither able or interested sion funds. During the expansion period of in- to do so and the church has rendered a muchdustry, people from other lands flocked to Amer- needed service in initiating and standing by such ica by the millions. To keep up with this invasion, institutions until the state and local communities and to meet the ever-moving stream of this migra- could care for this work. There are still certain tion, has been a most difficult task. No other situations where pioneer and underprivileged concountry has ever faced such a problem so that ditions obtain so that the church must continue there was no previous experience upon which to the work of education, hospital and relief service. develop the program. But this need is passing as a responsibility of the Mission Boards, and they must now frankly face We have now reached the end of this immigrant the task of readjustment that comes as the result movement, at least for the present. The tide has of the change. tu:vned and recent studies show that for every foreigner who came in under the quota in 1933, A National Responsibility thirty-five went out. From now on the task will be that of winning the second and third genera- Home missions must be restated as a national tion of the foreign groups. responsibility. Certain types of service are the primary responsibility, and the total church mem- This will require a program and a policy that bership must be made to feel the obligation. will be centered in the English-speaking churches Other lesser needs become the responsibility of that are in close proximity. There will be certain certain areas that have within them the resources exceptions, but for most situations it will require to care for them. Home missions must be claria readjustment of program to reach these people. fied at the point of this distinction.

Denominational Competition The intensive lifenow upon us will demand that mission funds be used for certain well-defined Home missions must be restated from the point types of service that will qualify as a national of view of comity and cooperation. The problem respon~ibility. In this class we include the work of competition was not a sensitive one in the days among Negroes, Southern Mountains, Alaska, of expansion for the denominations felt justified Puerto Rico, Hawaii, certain language groups, in locating new churches, since the future prom- needy industrial and rural areas and special projised rapid growth of population. This policy can ects that are rapidly developing under the reconno longer be defended and denominations are struction and rehabilitation program of the Govobligated to confer with one another as to the ernment. location of new churches to meet the changes that are necessary. The present situation and the immediate future require that the home mission task be more clearly Another element has now entered into the pic- defined, and restated and the projects selected on ture and that is making the task of comity and the basis of these new and more valid standards cooperation difficult. Hundreds of unemployed of missionary need and service. ministers are knocking at the doors of church

RESTATING THE HOME MISSION TASK

The Church Building Program phasized the primary work as related to present- ing Christ and His program to indifferent and un- The foregoing statement if true would suggest derprivileged people, there is also a responsibility a restatement of home missions in the field of that rests upon home missions in' its relation to church erection. If we have reached the end of the whole Church. Self-supporting churches form the expansion period, then it stands to reason the home base of giving for the work conducted there will be less demand for church expansion in by Mission Boards. If this spring of resources terms of building. That there will be many home dries up, there is little that the Boards can do. Remission needs in this field goes without saying. cent years have witnessed a terrific shrinking in Old frontier communities are still lacking in suit- the giving of the churches and this cannot all be able church buildings and equipment, but they charged to the "depression." The greatest loss will not be needed at every crossroads as in the took place in the so-called prosperity years, so past. Rather, they should be placed at strategic that we must look to some other cause than the centers of population development and changed depression upon which to hang the blame. . conditions of transportation. Many old churches are in need of remodeling and additions, and This loss in giving seems best explained by loss where this is necessary in missionary territory, of interest, not only in missions, but in Christithe home mission agencies will be faced with a anity itself. Jesus Christ is no longer an imperacontinuing responsibilty. tive fact in life. The majority of church members do not seem to have any deep concern about the A tremendous task also confronts the Church in redemption of the world. Jesus Christ is not a meeting the burden of indebtedness that rests significant factor in their own lives, therefore, upon hundreds of churches that have been erected they are not concerned about the significance of in recent years. The value of this service cannot Christ for others. This I believe to be the crux be overstated, but it must be segregated from of the present problem. People are not going to home missions except where the service is ren- strain themselves to make the Gospel available to dered in strictly home missio1;l projects. We do lesser privileged groups unless the Gospel is acnot desire to minimize the importance and the cepted as imperative for themselves. It is not place of church erection in the Christian enter- information about missions these people need, it prise, but rather to call attention to the changed is information about Jesus Christ and a vital relaemphasis that is necessary as the result of the tion to Him. change in the nature of the work as home missions passes from the expansion period to one of Home Mission Boards have a tremendous regeographical and population limitations. It is not sponsibility in the deepening of the spiritual life now a task of building more churches, but of pay- of the whole Church, to make Christ real and iming for those already built and developing and perative to the total membership and to quicken extending the ministry of the same. the sense of His abiding significance to all those who profess to be His followers. If this can be Home Missions and Christianity done, there will be new hope and larger resources with which to carryon the enlarging task of mak- Our task must also be restated in terms of the ing America Christian. total Christian enterprise. While we have em- FROZEN SPIRITUAL ASSETS and For years the world has staggered under haastrebmeeenndthoeusfrowzeeinghatssoeftse.coBnoumt iacllstthriengfreonzcey~ one of the major reasons for this situation assets are n~t ~aterial. There are the potential assets of faith, hope, and love frozen solid under ~h.e thIck Ice of prayerlessness, complacency, irritability, and insincerity. Frozen moral and spIrItual assets are, as a rule, exclusively individualistic in nature and self-inflicted.

Many of us have not been worthy stewards of God, wisely dispensing the spiritual wealth entrusted to our keeping. We have permitted ourselves to become pawns and slaves to fluc- tuating commercialism and have deteriorated vinaltuoesspiisriotufapladrwamaorfus~tbiymbpoowrtianngcae titnhtehaelbtaurilod-f materialism. The fair appraisal of intrinsic ing of a life. .

. A power greater than our own is needed to liquidate the frozen assets of the soul. Jesus Chrlst has that power.-Rev. Harry G. Earle, in "The Christian Advocate."

Changing Frontier in

By REV. HERMANN N. MORSE, New York Author of liToward a Christian America"

THE dominant force in the development of its, who always answer the call of adventure, rest- home missions from its beginnings until now less, reckless men for the most part; those who has been the frontier, in much the same way have encountered misfortune, or who have failed that childhood dominates the school, or that sick- to get ahead in the old and have turned to the new ness dominates the hospital. Without the one the for a fresh start, hard-working, substantial folk, other would never have been. ready to pull the wheelhorse's load; and those who just cannot abide the restrictions or accept The historian, Frederick J. Turner, was the the responsibilities of developed community life. first to elaborate the theory of the frontier as a controlling influence in our There are always two national history. Other his- sides of the frontier picture, torians, such as Charles A. What has become of the geo- what is left behind and what and Mary R. Beard and graphical frontier which has lies ahead of the moving pop- James Truslow Adams, have been pushed westward into the ulation line. For the commumade much of the signifi- Pacific Ocean? With churches nities out of which the micance of the frontier. Peter and Christian institutions scat- grants have come there is a G. Mode, in a suggestive lit- tered all over the land, why is greater or less degree of tIe book published a few not the task of home missions stagnation. Ahead of them years ago, emphasized the completed? Dr. Morse answers is the raw newness of the contribution of the frontier tIhnisonqeuesesntisoe nt-haet hleoamset imn ispsairotn. frontier. Thus there has al- task will never be completed unspirit to the development of til every man, woman and child ways been the contrast of American Christianity. In has at least a fair opportunity the old and the new, in some the thought of these writers, to know and accept Christ and sense a conflict between the most distinctive charac- to live a normal Christian life them, a conflict between the teristics of American life in a Christ-governed commu- rigidity of the old and the have been a direct result of nity. That will be only when plasticity of the new, bethe way in which this coun- Christ reigns supreme. tween the conservatism of try was settled and has the old and the adventure- grown to maturity. The ness of the new, between the frontier, or rather the suc- orderly organization of the cessive frontiers, furnished the keynote of the old and the militant individualism of the new. process. At no point in the story of the nation is this so evident as in the development of the home Always, too there has been the sense of change impending, and actually going on. Such change mission enterprise. has been thought of as toward something "bigger Even the more obvious aspects of our national and better," a slogan as typically American as "E Pluribus Unum." A steady and practically history reveal the effects of certain constant, or unlimited growth has been accepted as our na-' at least constantly recurring, influences. New ter- tional destiny. Every new village has dreamed ritories were opened to settlement. Populations metropolitan dreams. Every new business has were redistributed. Our history began on that thought in terms of empire. note and each decade adds illustrations. The process is not yet completed. Only yesterday we It is easy to see why the frontier idea domi- read of new projects in Alaska, in Arkansas, in nated home miss-ions. The man who isn't going Washington, in Tennessee-magnets for thou- anywhere needs no guide. If he is building nothsands of families. Each new advance from first ing, he needs no carpenter. If he is mature and to last had its scouts, pathfinders and surveyors. in good health, he needs neither nurse nor physi- Each drew people out of old settlements to estab- ciano But the frontier meant that many people lish new. Generally, the same three classes of were going places, were building things, were people have responded; the bold pioneering spir- growing up in new environments, were struggling [266 ] to overcome obstacles, were enduring hardships. The following decade saw work extending into Home missions was simply the way of the Church Nevada, Montana, Wyoming, Arizona, Utah and to serve such people. Frontier meant something among the Indians and the Spanish-speaking peo- primitive, unformed, lacking in the privileges and ple in the Southwest. This decade also confronted values which we associate with normal living. the churches with the tremendous problems inci- What the frontier meant concretely in the his- dent to the freeing of theNegro slaves.

tory of home missions is too long and too familiar The next two decades saw the extension of work a story for retelling here. The frontier and home into Alaska, the beginning of work among Hun- missions were children together and grew up to- garians and the definite crystallization of the gether. We may date the beginning of an organ- concern of the Church for its ministry among ized program for home missions on a national European immigrants and for the problems of its scale at around 1800. From that time until the growing cities. At this time, too, the Southern present practically every decade confronted home Mountains were rediscovered as a missionary missions with some strikingly new situation, problem. The same decades saw the initiation of either a new territory to enter, a new type of pop- the modern program of Sunday School Missions.

ulation to serve, or a new sort of problem to solve. In the last decade of the century occurred the Furthermore, in each decade the advance agents beginning of work in lumber camps and, as the of home missions were scouting out the tasks that century was drawing to a close, the entry by the would engage the Church in subsequent decades. Church of Cuba and Puerto Rico.

By 1800, mission work was under way in all The first decade of the new century saw the be- of the Atlantic seaboard and New England states ginnings of the modern programs of country and in Kentucky and Tennessee. Without attempt- church work and of city church extension and also ing too exact a chronology, it will be of interest to the organization of the great interdenominational recall some of the high points of the later progress bodies in tlie field of home missions.

by decades. This was followed by the launching of the The first decade saw work extending into Mich- cooperative program in Santo Domingo, the de- igan, Ohio, Indiana, Louisiana and among the velopment of a program of work among migrants, Cherokee Indians in the south and the Tuscarora the beginning of service to the Filipinos, and the Indians in the north. facing of the emergency situations created by the The second decade added Illinois, and Missouri conditions of the past few years.

when Salmon Giddings established in St. Louis Through all these years the program of home the first Protestant church west of the Mississippi. missions has had to make provision not only for In this decade occurred the great mission tours of carrying the old and continuing tasks, but for Mills and Schemmerhorn through the Mississippi constant extensions into new fields and the under- Valley as far south as New Orleans in which was taking of new tasks. It is natural enough to ask revealed the religious destitution of that great whether that is still true today and whether there era. is still a place for the frontier idea in home The third decade saw work extended into Ar- missions.

kansas and Wisconsin. In answering this question we will consider the The fourth decade was marked by expansion in frontier in four of its persistent aspects.

many directions. Work was initiated in Minne- People on the Move sota, Kansas, Oklahoma, Iowa and Texas. The Ponds began work among the Sioux Indians in The first of these concerns that hardy perennial Minnesota to be followed not long afterward by of all the days of home missions, the new settle- John P. Williamson and Stephen R. Riggs. Jason ment and the problem of 'people on the move.

Lee, Marcus Whitman and H. H. Spalding began People are still on the move in this country. A their epic-making labors in the far northwest. saying of James Truslow Adams that "America The fifth decade added Nebraska in the middle is settled up and Americans must settle down,"

west, New Mexico in the southwest and California is sometimes quoted as though the redistribution on the coast. In the latter state mission work was of American population had practically come to begun within a year after the discovery of gold an end. On the contrary, there is under way right and the start of the great overland trek. There- now a redistribution of population of considerable after population began to flow from both east and magnitude. Many forces are at work in this, in- west into the Rocky Mountain states. cluding drought, unemployment, emergency, pub- During the sixth decade work was begun in lic works, federal policies for the acql1isition of Colorado and South Dakota. The first church for marginal lands for park purposes or for reforest- Orientals, outside of Asia, was organized in San ation, and other forces too numerous to mention.

Francisco. ' So far as the numbers involved are concerned, it

is likely that the present decade will witness as in northern Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. great a dislodgment of people from their old A considerable number of such Homestead Projhomes as any decade in the history of the nation. ects are now under way or are planned.

Not all of such population movements, of course, During the past five years there has been more create new situations for home missions since individual homesteading in some parts of the west much of the movement of the population is into than in many years previous. A missionary in communities already provided with churches. New Mexico, for example, found in a certain area But constantly new situations are being created. several hundred newly arrived families among whom two promising churches have been organ- Some years ago when construction was begun ized. In Arkansas, an area of 20,000 acres of on Boulder Dam, seven denominations associated fine, fertile land has been reclaimed by drainage. with the Home Missions Council cooperated in Recently, families began to move in from different the establishment of a joint religious enterprise counties in the state. Here the missionary has for the 7,000 or more people who made up the organized a Sunday school which has from 150 inhabitants of Boulder City. A minister was to 200 attendance. Elsewhere in the west one established, a church organized, a building erect- missionary reports that he has had contact with ed, and a fruitful program of religious ministry sixty-eight different communities and another has been carried forward. Now this enterprise with fifty-one. In almost all of these settlements is nearing completion well ahead of schedule and no religious work was being maintained except people are beginning to move out. However, what the itinerant missionary could provide. there are still 1,400 children and young people in Boulder City, an amply worth-while field of min- All sections of the country have by now become istry. accustomed to the challenge and the opportunity represented by the CCC Camps. Recently the In Washington, work is under way on the announcement was made that during the present Grand Coulee Dam, which is a very much larger year the number of such camps would be increased project than the Boulder Dam. Here about 5,000 from 1,468 to 2,916, and that the number of young men are working and a cooperative religious pro- men in them would be increased from 303,000 to gram is already under way. This is an irrigation 600,000. project designed to impound the waters of the Columbia River in the Grand Coulee for the ulti- Many illustrations of this sort could be given. mate irrigation of 1,750,000 acres of the Columbia The problem of missionary extension which they basin. The soil is rich, only needing water, and create is no whit less important than the similar when irrigated the basin will furnish homes for problem in the days of the covered wagon. Here 40,000 families on small farms. are people in new surroundings. Some will re- main in a given location only for a short time. Forty-two miles up the Columbia River from Others are building their homes and establishing Portland, Oregon, is the Bonneville Dam now in permanent communities. Whether they are in the process of construction where 2,000 or more men one case or the other, they present a definite need are now being employed. Here, too, a cooperative for the ministry of the Church. religious program is under way. The Unserved Populations Considerable publicity has been given to the various homestead projects being developed by the Equally insistent is the problem presented by Federal Government as a part of its program of the unserved populations, who for one reason or relief and rehabilitation. another are not reached by the existing churches. This is a second aspect of the frontier which has At Crossville, Tennessee, for example, is located long engaged the attention of home mission agenthe Cumberland Homestead. This is designed for cies. Some of the most significant and stirring 350 families, each of whom will have a small farm episodes of home mission history have been conwith a fine modern house. These families are cerned with the efforts of the church to carry its being recruited from the ranks of unemployed ministry of service across the lines of race and . coal miners and others who in their former homes color and class. This phase of extension has been have had an insufficient measure of support, most a task as great in extent as the primary task of of them being on the relief rolls. Here will be geographical extension and has been more difficreated a new community of possibly 1,500 select- cult. This does not present many entirely new ed people. phases, now that immigration from foreign coun- tries has virtually ceased, but in even its oldest In the Matanuska Valley of Alaska, near An- aspects it is a task as yet largely uncompleted. chorage, a similar homestead project is under way which will provide homes for 200 families. These The most recent challenge has been that of the families, many of them of Swedish or Finnish considerable number of Filipinos on the Pacific extraction, with many young children, are being selected from among those who are now on relief

THE CHANGING FRONTIER IN AMERICA

Coast. Before the Filipino immigration was sus- dren in such migrant families hardly one in fifty pended last year the number of arrivals, coming is now being served through this program.

chiefly by way of Hawaii, had reached a total of Frontiers of Poverty 60,000, most of whom have settled in California.

A report' just received from an interdenomina- In the third place we are still confronted by the tional executive, who recently surveyed this situa- frontiers of poverty and need in all the distinctive tion, summarizes the problem in cryptic phrases: missionary areas in which work is being carried Sixty thousand-mostly young men. No legal protec- on. There is a disposition among some to assume tion. Migrant seasonable workers. Living conditions bad. that except for the emergency created by the pres- Gambling and shooting common. Little being done for ent depression, the need for missionary work in them. Not welcome as a rule 'in American churches. the fields of education, health and community The Christian work among them is largely car- service has been largely eliminated by the developried on through Filipino Christian Fellowships, ment of public agencies.

which are interdenominational in character, but A government bulletin has just been received in many cases sponsored and assisted financially reporting the results of a survey of social and by denominational groups. An annual conference, economic conditions in the Southern Appalachi- on a definite constitutional basis, of all of these ans. This document, replete with maps and charts Fellowships on the Pacific Coast is now in process and tables, bears sober testimony to the contin- of formation. There are in California seven dif- uance of those conditions which prompted the ferent centers having each from 3,000 to 10,000 development of the mission program in that area.

Filipinos, while others are scattered all along the A few facts, culled at random from the report, coast. The present program of service needs to show that there is still physical isolation in the be very greatly extended and greatly strength- mountains. In over sixty counties less than a ened. third of the farms are located on improved roads.

Of all the racial groups with which Protestant To anyone who has ever ridden over unimproved mission agencies have had contact through the roads in the mountains this speaks volumes. On years doubtless the least progress has been made 30% of the farms the total value of all farm with the Jews. Much has been written concern- products sold, traded, or used is less than $400 ing the importance of developing the Christian per year per farm. For sixteen townships, the approach to the Jewish people. They are an im- average per farm is $25'7. Let any housewife pressively influential element of our national life. figure how far $257 a year in cash or farm prod- They are widely scattered, being found in consid- ucts could be made to go for the support of a large erable numbers in almost every city and large family. Typical public school conditions are still town in the country. It is conceded that very below average in the mountains. In seven coun- many of them have no more than a nominal at- ties, over one-fifth of the children of public school tachment, if that, to the church of their fathers. age do not attend school. In twenty-three coun- Today, as always, the general attitude of the ties, three-fourths or more of those of high school Christian Church toward the Jews is as great an age are not in school. Eleven counties show an obstacle in the way of the Christian ministry to illiteracy rate of 7% or more among children 10 them as is their attitude toward the Christian to 20 years of age. In seventeen counties the Church. average school year covers less than 135 days. In Almost any of the other distinctive racial two whole states more than one-half of the teach- groups in America would serve as an illustration ers in public school have had no more than high of the need that still remains for the pioneer school education.

extension of missionary work. The national con- . In the West Indies ference, held last winter, on evangelical work among the Italians was an impressive demonstra- A recent volume of the Foreign Policy Associa- tion of the substantial progress which had been tion on "Problems of the New Cuba," gives a made and of the splendid leadership which had vivid picture of difficulties to be duplicated in been developed. But it equally demonstrated the other West Indian islands. This study, while size and importance of the work remaining to be showing the great progress that has been made done. The same could be said of the annual con- in many fields since the formation of the Republic, ·ferences of the Council of Spanish-speaking Work. piles up the evidence of pressing economic, educa- There is justifiable satisfaction in the program tional, health, and welfare needs. Half of the sponsored by the Council of Women for Home population are illiterate. The general standard Missions for service among migrant workers. of living is low and fluctuating. Economic prob- But the satisfaction must be tempered by the lems are complicated and difficult. A summary of realization that of the estimated number of chil- case studies of forty~one typical families showed

that only seven had a total annual income in cash A Frontier of Ideas and Ideals and in goods in excess of $500. Ten families showed annual incomes of less than $300. Finally, there is a frontier of ideas and ideals of which home missions must continue to take ac- Similar citations could be made with respect count. An eminent preacher said recently: to many other large groups within the home mission field. The plain fact is that millions of peo- Scientific knowledge has its limits, not temporarily but ple, quite aside from the emergency of unemploy- permanently. There are areas of our experience where ment, are living below a reasonable sustenance life essentially is and always must be an adventure into level, and that no possible extension of govern- the unknown. The chief value of knowledge is not that mental service can be expected wholly to meet it makes everything certain, but that it constitutes a their needs for the facilities of normal living. frontier backed by vast resources from which expeditions into the unknown may hopefully set out. These things have a bearing upon the service ministry of home missions. Even moreunmis- Home missions has had a value in the Church takable is the case for its evangelistic ministry. Every study of the church situation in America over and above the value of its specific accomhas indicated the uneven degree of success in winning to Christian fellowship the inhabitants of plishments in that it has kept alive the importance different sections and different types of communities. Even more significantly such studies have of' certain great human and religious questions. demonstrated the insecurity and the inadequacy of the churches upon'which many people depend. It has been a concrete demonstration of the The recent volume by Drs. Douglass and Brunner, "The Protestant Church as a Social Institution," Church's concern for human welfare in the broadreveals the fact that the average church both in city and country is below the point of effective- est and most fundamental sense of that term. ness in program, leadership, financial strength and membership. It is pointed out that between Really to apprehend and accept the full signifi- 1,000 and 1,500 rural churches are abandoned every year and that many of these are in commu~ cance of the missionary movement implies comnities which do not receive adequate service from any other existing churches. Thus the rural mitment to the principles of social justice and areas continguous to most cities and towns, the economically retarded areas, generally, and many universal brotherhood. It is still too true that thousands of scattered rural neighborhoods in all parts of the country, are deprived of effective many people are held back in their advancement Christian leadership and service. by handicaps for which they have not been respon- sible and which they cannot overcome unaided.

Many are the victims of arbitrary and unChris- tian discriminations. One Christian mission to America is not completed by preaching the Gospel and by the performance of kindly services for those who are in need-important as these are.

It would not be completed thus, even if all indi- vidual Americans were nominally won to an ac- ceptance of Christian discipleship. Implicit in the task is the making Christian of our collective life and beyond that the christianizing of our total influence as a nation in the world. This frontier of ideas and ideals lies all around us.

Here, then, are four Louisiana aspects of the frontier Purchase which still persist. They do not wear quite the same face as in genera- Ceded by in tions past. They have Mexico different symbols and 1848 must be met with differ- 1 7 8 g e n t measures, but to as great a degree as ever in the past they demand from the C h u r c h of.

Christ a pioneering en- LATER ADDITIONS thusiasm, an unquench- Alaska Territory able zeal and an uncon- Hawaii and Guam Puerto Rico quering faith. The Philippines Virgin Islands, W. I.

"CHARACTER MAKES CITIZENSHIP – RELIGION BUILDS CHARACTER"

was the slogan of the St. John's Lutheran Church School in the civic parade at Allentown, Pennsylvania.

Thirteen nationalities were represented in. national costumes.

The Problem of Unassimilated Americans By the REV. W. C. SCHAEFFER, Allentown, Pa.

Pastor of the St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church T HE presence of the foreigner among us to agitation and incitement to violence that aim again raises an issue that is acute. Sentiment at the destruction of constitutional government and interest in this matter advance and re- and at the overthrow of our institutions. Sixteen cede in waves. For years the attitude is one of such agencies under long range direction by the apathy or aloofness and then suddenly some crisis Russian Soviet are said to be operating here and shocks us to awareness of.the number, vigor and a sharp curb should be put on radicalism foment- origins of our newer immigrants. In times of ed from alien sources. Confirmed terrorists also danger or distress unassimiIated groups are held offer a knotty problem that cannot be handled in suspicion as a menace or a burden and great softly.

need arises for the exercise of fairness and right Moreover the crisis created by non-employment judgment. seems greatly intensified by the unassimilated The many angles to this question defy identical mass of foreign population. Much capital has treatment. Some phases call for highly special- been made of the use of the uncanny coincidence ized skills of trained experts in government de- that the number of unnaturalized aliens plus the partments. None of us are for unbridled license illegal entrants, 5,748,760, equals roughly the [271 ]

total number of our unemployed workers.. These It was in answer to the world's great need that figures can be repeated carelessly enough to imply the Son of God came as the world's Saviour. that the sole responsibility for the present unem.- ployment situation rests with this group. Need offers the challenge to the Church to strengthen rather than reduce the ministering In any case certainly the cure does nQtlie in forces. Jesus' word is "the whole need not a precipitate action making for nominal citizenship. physician but they that are sick." Not survival This high privilege should be sought only on the basis of mature judgment and conviction, a mat- but conquest is the fit slogan of the Church. ter of character not of expediency. Pressure A first approach can be based on that which is directed from any other motive will work disastrously. Isaac F. Marcosson said recently, best in the background of the groups to be influ- enced. Many foreigners who do not impress us Although millions of aliens refrain from assuming the even as literate because of their struggle· with a strange language can order their thoughts coherobligations of citizenship because of indifference or lack ently, have a highly developed sense of apprecia- of conviction, which makes for divided loyalty, others are tion in music and art. Indeed a frequent obstacle is encountered in their loss of respect because glad to do so because of the ~irage of easy money. Since many customs current here run counter to supe- the agitation for the Townsend plan, naturalization of- ficers, particularly in California, have done a booming rior customs prevalent in the old world. In the mind of many aliens culture is more important business with sixty-year and older aliens eager to get under the Utopian umbrella. The prospect of $200 a month for the rest of their lives is obviously a far more than outward acctimmulation which is too gener- ally accepted as a symbol of success among us. potent lure to citizenship than safety and succor under Their filial obedience and'fiqelity in religious obthe American flag. . servance often rise. up ito shame us. In many centers Young Women's' GhristianAssociations have done a noble work. . Groups of fo;reigners are encouraged to give expression "in folk. f~sti­ vals and homeland exhibits to that whicp is p()te~…

and characteristic racially. Often these are liIiked with exhibits of production here that mak~ easy the transition in thought from their native home to the home of their adoption. .

But much more is needed to knit into our na- tional fabric the lives of our new Americans. This is a matter of character and character is the fruit of religion. This is the business of the Church. The point of contact here is in the ris- FOREIGN BORN PREPARING FOR NATURALIZATION ing generation. In the old world, because of the prevalence in most countries of the es,tablished Despite all these difficulties it is amazing how church, religious instruction is incorporated in the most of them dissolve under the application the scheme of general education. We do not have of faith. The problem is largely one of penetra- this in America and we do not want it. But in tion into the isolation of these people's separate our system of education we are under a queer existence and this is the purpose of Christianity. obsession in our interpretation of the principles The crux is not in the barriers raised by the of the founders. Their idea of religious freedom communities of foreigners as much as in the reluctance to function on the part of the people whose was a freedom to cultivate faith and piety. We very business is goodwill. In every community exercise our freedom to neglect faith and piety. where there are foreigners there are churches; As Dr. Butler said last December in his address these churches should constantly be exerting the to the trustees of Columbia University, "So far spirit of interest and helpfulness and serVice that as tax supported schools are concerned, an odd becomes a bond of union and leads to oneness of ideals, aspirations and desires. situation has arisen. The separation of Church and State is fundamental in our American politi- This calls for much reconstruction of thought on the part of the followers of Christ. It is the cal order, but so far as religious instruction is rep:r-oach of Protestant churches that they retreat concerned, this principle has been so far departed under the pressure of need in adversely-changing from as to put the whole force and influence of environments. This is reversing the Divine order. the tax-supported school on the side of one ele- ment of the population-namely that which is pagan and believes in no religion wha,tever . . . The school would. refrain from religious instruc- tion of any type, but it would also cease from a

THE PROBLEM OF UNASSIMILATED AMERICANS

policy which now makes it impossible for the song was arranged to which the children invited family or the church to put religious instruction their parents. A beginning was made with an upon its true basis." Then Dr. Butler declared old-fashioned magic lantern; then a balopticon that the allotment of a definite time for religious was secured; then a silent/ motion picture proteaching away from the school building would jector and now improved sound for a community lead parents and children "to look upon religious night that repeats its program three times and instruotion as vitally important and as constitut- attracts three thousand people. This community ing an essential part of the process of education." night has built up a Sunday church night which We record the solemn conviction that the real draws many of the same audience, and in which menace in America is not in the limited group of familiar visual projection aides are used for the agitators of violence but in the ever-growing hymns and even for portions of the liturgical number of the rising generation, estimated today service. In these ways a whole community of at about seventeen million, whose lives are un- divergent and often hostile elements has been reached by any positive religious influence whom brought together in the spirit of understanding we are yielding up as legitimate prey for exploita- and goodwill. tion. In their hands rests the destiny of our country. Incidentally the life of the church. becomes transformed. Instead of an ailing, anemic church Our foreign population need not be a liability there grows a vigorous, flourishing church. There but an asset. In one great industrial center this are the verve and zest of an enthusiasm that is has been demonstrated in an experiment running born only in engagement in a redemptive task over the past sixteen years. A congregation that and mission. Standards of sacrifice and generosfound itself in the midst of a rapidly-changing ity are set that deepen spirituality and widen the environment made a survey of the pupils in the sphere of influence. A church school whose spirit public school located in the same block with the ordinarily is as dryas dust rises on a tide of church and was amazed to learn that its enroll- youthful devotion. The very neglected groups set ment embraced twenty-two nationalities. Among a tempo for action and movement that changes a the elementary pupils 157 were found who never staid and discouraged congregation into a lifeattended any church school. A weekday school giving source of energy and power. of religion was organized for intensive training in Christian life and leadership on the basis of a This is the Church's contribution to the soluthorough-going study of God's Word. In the first tion of our country's greatest problem. Ours is year the roster of students embraced seventeen nationalities as follows: American, English, Ger- the unenviable reputation of being the most lawman, Italian, Hungarian, Slavish, Austrian, Jew- less nation on earth. Crime cost in excess of ish, Negro, Lithuanian, Russian, Czecho-Slovak- twelve billion dollars last year. Each year we ian, Polish, Hellenic, Irish, French and Swiss. have about twelve thousand homicides, a thousand This school has grown in influence until now there a month. In 1933 over 350,000 persons were comare some 869 pupils enrolled with a faculty staff of mitted to penal institutions, the majority of whom 46 members with daily operation on released time were young .men who never had any religious from the public school. There are approved chan- training. Perhaps some people come by crime nels for registering self-expression in behavior, stUdiousness, witnessing, stewardship and serv- honestly. Nearly all crime can be controlled at ice. Among the teachers each year are fourteen the source by a new conception and a new directo sixteen college students who have the ministry tion being given to growing life. This is the in view and who acquire an invaluable training essence of the mission of Christianity. that will enable them in the future to face with a sense of ease and mastery the grave problems Our day needs a new and vivid interpretation confronting the Church today. It has been proved of Pentecost. Before the Spirit descended on that the one unanswerable argument that can be Peter his speech lacked something. It was wholly put into the mouth of youth today with which provincial. He cowered with dread under the to meet the criticism aimed at the Church is a taunt of a maidservant who challenged him with, changed life, a rich, full life in Christ. "Surely thou art a Galilean for thy speech betray- eth thee." But after Pentecost Peter's language Early in this experience it was learned that it struck a universal note, "Behold, are not all these is not enough to lift children for an hour or two which speak Galileans? And how hear we every a week out of an environment into which they man in our own tongue, wherein we were born? sink back only to revert to type. This was like Parthians, and Medes, and Elamites, and the bailing out a bucketful only for the flood of waters dwellers in Mesopotamia, and in Judea, and Capto pour in again. An evening of pictures and padocia, in Pontus, and Asia . . ." There is one universal language. It is the language of the heart, of love-God's love in Christ.

versus the "Isms"

By REV. GAlUS GLENN ATKINS, D.D., Auburn, New York Author of "Modern Religious Cults and MOtJements," etc.

"ISM" is no word at all, only three letters- It is easy to make all this too remote and the- neither verb, noun, adjective nor adverb- ological, but the practical bearing is plain. Un- just a suffix, and yet a good dictionary has less there is something detached from our con- trouble enough telling what it does to the words fusions, perplexities, even our most promising to which it is added. It changes an act to a programs, we are simply lost in our own fog.

process, a· condition to a theory, a quality to a There is all about us an entangling play of inter- peculiarity, the specific to the general and a prin- ests, each one of which wants to use everything ciple or a program to a state of mind. Finally we else for its own ends, no one of which is ample make a poor, indefinite kind of noun out of it and enough or final enough for the meanings and des- write or talk about "isms," usually to condemn tiny of life. The Church reflects this. It has them, unless they happen to be our favorite shaped so much of its life to fit the patterns of "isms." There can never have been more of this this or that order. An entangled Church cannot than just now. One has only to begin to make a speak to a world of hates and fears and hopes as list of the "ism" words in current use to find that it ought. But Jesus Christ can. For the sake of out. The list would include politics, economics, what is timeless and divine Christianity must not sociology, religion, the whole field of contempora- be captured by lesser interests, used for "ism"

neous thought and action, and before one finished ends.

it there would be a new one. The list itself would Its supreme service is to approach life from the represent the confusions and the quests of a con- outside and from above. And for the sake of our fused and questing time – our present general human interests, it must not permit itself to be state of mind. confined by any social, political or economic pat- Christianity is caught in it all, unescapably. tern. Its mission has always been to save them Christianity has always had enough "isms" of its from themselves. There are ways of living and own. It still has many of the old ones and many working together through which the essential disturbing new ones, or else the old have simply spirit of Christ can express itself better than changed their clothes. It is also involved in the others. No doubt of that. It cannot, we are be- social, political and economic confusions as never ginning to see, be true to itself in many aspects before. Some deny it (a stronger word is really of what we now call capitalism. Some would go needed), some use it, a few are trying to capture much farther. That soulless system, they say, is it. What can it do? What ought it to do? No alien and hostile to the corporate expression of the one can answer those questions finally at present, Christian spirit. Militant nationalism is even least of all in the limits of a brief article. more profoundly impossible for a real Christian- 1. Christianity must, I think, keep above and ity, militarism is utterly un-Christian. But apart from any of them. It is more than anyone Christianity is more than the putting an end to of them; it is more than all of them together- any or all of these.

even when they are friendly and offer themselves There are defensible ideals of a Christian social as fulfillments of the Christian way and spirit. order which have much in common with Socialism, It has a nature and authority above the changing even with the wide and fraternal sharing of re- tides. Any historian would say that Christianity source and production, which lies behind Com- has been an outstanding aspect of Western civ- munism-if the word could be disinfected. But ilization. The Christian historian maintains that for Christianity-to identify itself with these or it has been the pUlsing heart force of Western any form of them. is for it to surrender its mis- civilization. But Christianity is more than any sions and cease to be itself.

civilization. It is the judgment bar of civiliza- II. Christianity has the secret of the inner tions and their final control. It is not history unity which is the conditIon of escape from any speaking to God. It is God through His revelation confusion, deliverance from any "ism." Actually in Jesus Christ speaking to history. they are all marginal. Some of them in the gen- [274 ] eral field of Western religion are a ravelling out IV. Above all we need power, constant, sus- of Christianity itself. They take marginal aspects taining and enough. I would not thresh old straw; of it and make them central (plenty of illustra- but suppose we got what the most humanely gen- tions). They make a new patchwork fabric of its erous, wise and far-seeing of our social programs loose threads. Others are this or that half-truth. are after. What will sustain them beneath the So:rp.e of them oppose interest to interest, class to enormous weight of our sins and our stupidities, class, nation to nation. And most disastrously of the inertias of our habits and self-interests and, all they get into our own inside lives of faitp and above all, the resurgence of what in us is unsocial motivation and divide us ourselves into warring and hungry for power? Can we do it by the laws camps. we ourselves pass? Can we use our own au- Then in thought and deeds and words ~e pro- thority against ourselves? Well, maybe, to a de- ject this inner confusion into all our human order. gree, but there is no guarantee in that, nor in our Here more than anywhere else is the secret of all unregenerated human nature.

our confusion. The real point of departure for This is not begging a disputed question with an any deliverance must be from within the soul. evangelical phrase or offering one solution for all Here Christianity meets all the "isms." They are our problems. It goes deeper. When everything sectarian; it is catholic. They are divisive; it is said and 80 many futile things done, only should unite. They are marginal; it is central. changed men can change the world. They may They work in from the outside; Christianity works and do need to change the machinery through from the soul out. This involves far more than which they work. They need to find channels Christian unity. It involves unity in Christ, be- proper to the flow of their regenerate spirits. But ginning with the divided soul and ending with a they need power to go on, to bear, to believe, to world seamed and broken like a lava field after an hope. They need motivations which reach beyond earthquake. the present to deal with the present. They need something beyond themselves even to be them- III.. Christianity supplies the correction of the selves. partial; half-truths – or less; half-faiths – or worse; half-deliverances – or no deliverances at If there is any empowerment outside Christianall. That centrally is the weakness of every ity to do all this, those who know where and what "ism"; it is never enough. It makes one pro- it is must make their case. They have history gram, one understanding of life and God the whole against them. It may be said, must be said, that thing. And it asks us to take all our noble capac- Christianity has never found or even sought a ity for loyalty and devote it to-just itself. Na- full channel for its power, used it partially and tionalism does that everywhere. Communism through its partial use of its divine enduement does it in Russia, Socialism would like to do it. left a place for the "isms." But it has the Power Like Isaiah's image-maker, any "ism" boils the -and it is nowhere else. When we have seen the pot with one end of its idol-stuff and makes a god Cross for all it is and means and does, the Power of the other. There is no denying the intensity is there. of devotion which may thus be secured, but its very intensity burns it out and in the end defeats *** the very object of it. These points are general but they are capable One cannot even criticize justly, creatively, the of precise, definite application to every aspect of twisting, turning, questing movements of a time what the "isms"-any "ism"-of our over "ismlike ours unless he has a sovereign control from ed" world-stand for. Christianity has an office which and by which to criticize them. Some of above them, detached from them. It approaches the most brilliant of our critics are like people them with the authority of its revelations of God who would criticize a merry-go-round while rid- in Jesus Christ. And without that we are lost in ing its wooden horses. They do no more than our own confusions.

change their mount and criticize the horse they He and He alone can supply' the inner unity were just riding, from 'the next one in front of it which will save us from our divided selves and or behind it. No wonder we keep going round in their issue in a divided world order. Christianity a circle.. I know this is a loose statement but I opposes the complete to the partial, and alone has know equally that it has in it a fact which to our the authority of corre~tion. .

peril we neglect; that Christianity has in it the Christ can supply the power without which even whole truth and the whole authority without what is wisest and most promising cannot main- which we cannot see how partial everything else tain itself. In the Realm of God we find the Di- is and without which we have no place to stand if vine Order, transcending any human order, the we seek no more than to see our world steadily, only revelation which lends object and meaning to see it whole and to see it against the back- to the brief stages of our pilgrimages here-and- grounds of the will of God. now.

New Day and the Old

By REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa. )ne– Author of "Old Things New," etc.

CHRISTIANITY has had to fight for its life clean hands and sensible speech (is to draw near)"; or, in every age. It has never had an easy again, "He who is pure from all stain, conscious of no sin time. It has had to defend itself in every in his soul, and living an honorable and just life (may generation. After the early Christians had ac- approach)." Such is the cry of those who promise puricepted the call to die for Christ during the martyr fication from sins. But let us now hear what sort of centuries they were afterwards challenged to people these Christians invite. "Anyone who is a sinner," think for Christ in the creedal centuries. For they say, "or foolish, or simple-minded-in short, any un- Christianity is not only a way of life but a way of fortunate will be accepted by the Kingdom of God." By thought and it will not endure as a way of life if "sinner" is meant an unjust person, a thief, a burglar, a it fails to maintain its supremacy as a way of poisoner, a sacrilegious man, or a robber of corpses. Why, if you wanted an assembly of robbers, these are just the sort of people you would summon!

thought. Commenting on this statement, Harnack says: We are constantly speaking as if we lived in a "Here Celsus has stated, as lucidly as one could desire, the cardinal difference between Christiannew world. It is only superficially so. The real problems of life are the same today as in the day ity and ancient religion." Christianity met huof St. Paul and no one can face the conditions of manity where its needs were the greatest and, early Church history without feeling at home. where no other religion could succeed, the Gospel Indeed there is high encouragement when the his- wrought out its redemptive work. It asked for no privileges. It met humanity in whatever contory of the early Church is studied from the point dition it found it and brought to it salvation. It of view of our modern world. It was against had no special message for the rich or the culgreat odds that Christianity made its way. How tu}."ed; neither had it any special message for the it was able to win victories in circumstances and ignorant or the poor but to every man, as a man, conditions so adverse has always been a problem. Christ was offered as the one and only Saviour.

The 'secret of the triumphal march of Chris- There is hidden away in the record of the progtianity has eluded the best historians. In his ress of the Gospel the simple statement, "The dis- ciples were called 'Christians' first in Antioch." "History of the Rise and Fall of the Roman Em- That indeed was a victory! Antioch was the third pire," Gibbon set forth five reasons, namely: the city in the world, Rome and Alexandria alone surzeal of the Christians, their doctrine of immor- passing it. It held a population of half a million. tality, the working of miracles, the moral stand- Situated on the slope of Mount Silpius, with the ards of Christians, and the privilege of political broad navigable river Orontes at its feet, a bouleparticipation. Dr. T. R. Glover, with the insight vard five miles long, paved, not with asphalt or of a great Christian, says that Christianity out- cobble stones, but with the purest of white marble. lived, out-died, and out-thought the pagan world. Surrounded by a wall that clung like a natural It is open to anyone to discover the secret for barrier to the mountain eminence that overhimself. The facts are spread before us in the shadowed the city, it was a place of dreamy pages of the New Testament and it may be inter- beauty-with flowering trees, statues, colonnades, esting and helpful when there is bewilderment and bridges, baths, basilicas, villas, theatres and luxconfusion if the causes for the triumph of the ury, culture, beauty, pleasure, commerce, pagan- Gospel in the early Church be set down. ism, barbarism, superstition and heathen religion mingled there In all the rich luxuriance of the' First of all the early Church proclaimed a G()S- East. It was the melting pot of the nations. The pel. The leaders heralded a Gospel which in its immigration problem was at its crisis in Antioch, highest sense was redemptive. It dealt with sin; but it was there that Paul planted the Cross and personal sin, social sin, sin against God, and it made those laughter-loving people stand at attenpromised recovery. It made no concessions and entered into no compromises. No better statement can be found than that given in the attack upon Christianity by Celsus. This is what he said: Those who invite people to participate in other soIemni- tion. There were no Alps to Napoleon and there ties, make the following proclamation: "He who hath are and can be no obstacles to the Gospel of Jesus [276 ] Christ save in the faithless allegiance of His fol- even after the centuries have passed; the stand- lowers. ard of virtue for men and women. Writing be- Furthermore the early Church cultivated the fore 200 A. D., Clement of Alexandria made this spirit of aggressive evangelism. One hears the announcement: "Our judgment is that the virtue marching past of many feet as he opens the pages of man and woman is one and the same. For, if of the New Testament and follows the history of the. God of both is one, the instructor of both is the early Church. Start in anywhere and we hear also one; one Church, one temperate self-control, the marching of an unorganized multitude going one modesty, common food, marriage an equal forth to its work. Occasionally a sentence is yoke; breath, sight, hearing, knowledge, hope, dropped which reveals what is going on; a sen- obedience, love – all things are alike to them.

tence such as this: "The disciples were every- Those whose life is common have also a common where scattered abroad and went about preaching grace and a common salvation; their virtue and the Word." They had no set method, nor organ- their training are alike."

ized plan. They needed none, for a living faith Anyone who reads the Acts or the Epistles in requires no .fixed method. For centuries this pas- the New Testament will realize that faith was sion for evangelism burned like a flame in the never a substitute for good deeds and that the heart of the Christian Church. Everything was discipline of the Church in relation to moral be- informal, impersonal, and men and women spoke havior was rigorously severe. It has always been the message of Eternal Life to neighbors, ac- true of Christianity, where it has been proclaimed quaintances and friends. They were not content in its purity that personal and social morality, to abide at home but travelled far inland in order followed as a natural fruit of the Christian life.

that the message might have free course and be It was Catherine Booth of the Salvation Army glorified. Origen, writing shortly after 200 A. D., who said to her followers before her death: "We said: "Christians do all in their power to spread will go in more and more for righteousness." It the faith all over the world. Some of them ac- is this same demand which is disturbing the con- cordingly make it the business of their life to science of the world today. The Spirit of Christ wander not only from city to city but from town- is moving through the Church demanding a higher ship to township and village to village in order standard of moral living not only personal but as to gain fresh converts for the Lord." In his related to everything in life, industry, politics, "Church History" Eusebius announces the same education; we will not go successfully forward truth: "Very many of the disciples of that age until the Church challenges the world by a new (pupils of the apostles) whose heart had been standard of personal and social righteousness.

ravished by the divine Word with a burning love One thing more – early Christianity was unfor philosophy (i. e., asceticism), had first ful- compromising. While it had the power of adaptfilled the command of the Saviour and divided ability, nevertheless it was unwavering in its detheir goods among the needy. Then they set out mand that every knee should bow to Christ. Chrison long journeys, performing the office of evan- tianity received, as through tributaries from gelists, eagerly striving to preach Christ to those every direction, the currents that came flowing in who as yet had never heard the word of faith, and from many lands; but all down through the years to deliver to them the holy gospels." Every Chris- it kept its purity and its uniqueness. At the same tian was an evangelistic missionary. Everything time it assimilated to itself modes and customs was personal and life-giving and everywhere the and languages, transforming them, utilizing them, principle was verified that one loving heart sets baptizing them into the message and meaning of all the world on fire. There is no substitute for the Gospel. What it did with customs and lanevangelism even in our sophisticated modern world and again it will return in power. guages it did ,also with diverse nationalities. It A third quality which is discernible among the lifted up into its own unique fellowship men of all early Christians was their moral earnestness. On races and of all nationalities. Here at last, from every page it is recorded that the early Chris- out of racial hatred and national isolation of the tians demanded not ecstasy and enthusiasm, but ancient world, Parthians and Medes and Elamites honest-hearted virtue and supreme moral values. and the dwellers in Mesopotamia and in Judea, The fruit of the Spirit, said Paul, is not ecstasy Jews and Greeks, Cretans and Arabians, but "love, joy, peace, long suffering, gentleness, heard in their own tongue the mighty works of goodness, faith, meekness, temperance." Every- God. It repudiated barriers of nationality; it where and always Christianity has stood for moral claimed humanity as its field and the communion regeneration, for a clean life, for the stricest sort table became the social center of a world-wide of honesty, purity and undefiled righteousness. fellowship.

Take, for example, one issue that is still debated We are being told today that if Christianity is

to endure it must pool its interests with other reli- That inference is not new. Modern perplexity gions; that in order to ward off the attack of god- repeats the age-old problem. The Church of the lessness we must make common cause with all Roman Empire faced it under vastly more allurother faiths. We are told that it is the whole ing circumstances but the Christians of that day line that is endangered and not only the Christian refused to compromise. Instead of lowering the salient. It is a massed attack upon the whole standard of the Cross they lifted it higher. In spiritual concept of life. It is proclaimed on every the words of Dr. William Kemp Lowther Clarke hand that the inherent goodness of man can work of Cambridge, a very competent historical scholar: out his own destiny; that we do not need to postulate God; He is a projection of our wish-think- Had the Church really conformed to Gentile patterns ing. Prayer is defined as emotional release; sin there would have been no persecutions. Paganism had no is called an inferiority complex. Conversion is objection to welcoming Jesus into the Pantheon. But just looked upon as infantile regression. Religion is because Christianity continued true to its Jewish origin, diagnosed as pathological. Walter Lippmann it was fanatically intolerant of rival creeds. For this readramatizes the letting down of the curtain upon son the early Church is an unattractive spectacle to many the great Scenario. He is not happy about the modern men, for whom there is no absolute truth, no final end but he wants to be honest. To many who religion; but because of this the Church survived the were in the audience, he writes: break-up of civilization whereas its mighty rivals have passed away from the memory of all but professional It is now evident that they have seen a play, a mag- scholars. nificent play, one of the most sublime ever created by the human imagination, but nevertheless a play, and not a It is not the modern world or the new age that literal account of human destiny. They know it was a challenges the old Gospel. It is the Gospel that play. They have lingered long enough to see the scene- challenges our age. And a deeper reading of hisshifters at work. The painted drop is half rolled up; tory will tell us that Christ is at work in our world some of the turrets of the celestial city can still be seen, and because His Spirit is at work the waters are and part of the choir of angels. But behind them, plainly troubled and many are afraid. There are things visible, are the struts and gears which held in place what we prize that our children may commit to the under a gentler light looked like the boundaries of the uni- wastebasket but the faith of the New Testament verse. They are only human fears and human hopes, and will not be among them. John Masefield gives an bits of antique science and half-forgotten history, and sym- interview between Longinus-the traditional name bols here and there of experiences through which some in each generation pass. of the Roman centurion who had charge of the crucifixion and whose words "truly this was a Because the foundations of all faith are being righteous man" are found in the Gospel-and Proundermined the inference drawn by some is that cula, the traditional name of Pilate's wife who there should be a consolidation of all spiritual sought to save Jesus from the Cross. At the close forces in order to maintain a religious interpreta- of the day when the crucifixion was at an end, tion of life. This is part of the appeal of "Re- Longinus came to give in his report to Pilate. thinking Missions." The argument runs: When it was ended Procula called the centurion aside and asked him to tell her how Jesus had It is no longer, Which prophet? or Which book? It is died. The centurion told the story calmly and whether any prophet, book, revelation, rite, church, is to then Procula said to him: be trusted. All the old oracles are seeing a new sign: the scorn on the faces of students who know the experiments "So you think He is dead?" in anti-religion in Russia and nonreligion in Turkey, and :the actual religionlessness of much western life. The chief "No, lady, I don't," Longinus replied. foe of these oracles is not Christianity, but the anti-religious element of the philosophies of Marx, Lenin, Russell. "Then where is He," said Procula. The case that must now be stated is the case for any religion at all…. Thus it is that Christianity finds itself "Let loose in the world, lady," Longinus replied, in point of fact aligned. in this world-wit.le issue with the "where neither Roman nor Jew can stop His non-Chrstian faiths of Asia. truth."

Seek ye first the kingdom of God, and all these things shall be added unto you. Luke 12: 31.

Such is the promise; how about the fact? Look back over your life. Have you sought first the extension of God's rule and the incorporation into your own life of His righteousness?

If so, have you in a life of consecrated service actually suffered from want?

"When I sent you forth without purse, or script, or shoes," says the Master, "lacked ye anything?" Like them we must answer, "Nothing." Has one promise of the Lord, in which you rested in faith, failed you? Imagination may picture to us possible want in the future; but when memory draws the scenes on the canvas of the past, she witnesses that, to all His Word, He is faithful that promised. ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

OLD MOUNTAIN HOME NEAR PITTMAN CENTER, TENNESSEE PITTMAN CENTER, WHERE MOUNTAINEERS ARE

Transforming a Gap in the Mountains By JAYS. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa. -.~ Director of the Bureau of Publicity, Board of Home Missions, }5t— Methodist Episcopal Church MORE than twenty years ago a home mis- the big world the story was told, friends became sionary wandered into a lonely mountain interested, and after some years things began region some miles from Sevierville, Ten- to happen. nessee. To reach his destination, he had been Human welfare is closely associated with buildobliged to cross and recross a turbulent mountain ings. The first building was erected in this gap.

stream and to pick his way over and around boul- Nothing like it had ever been seen in those Tenders, stumps, ruts, and other impediments which nessee mountains. It was tall, long, and broad; had accumulated over a long period of years, dur- in it were many rooms in which many sorts of ing which ·nature and a rather sluggish mountain helpful activities could be carried on. The build- folk had done little to change the tenor of a life ing was more than a school, for it was a place of which was already one hundred years behind that recreation, a church, and, in the best sense, a in the world outside. There was much of igno- community center. Many who had never before rance, a great deal of superstition, and a general seen so large a building came from the cracks and feeling that things were what they were and that crannies of the mountain to share in the pro- there was little that could be done about the mat- grams, the like of which they had never before ter. There was a type of religion, but of the experienced. Gradually there began to grow up crudest sort, and its leaders were uncouth and around this imposing building neat but smaller untutored. Moonshining prevailed and frequent structures where workers could live and where violence was expected. Many boys and girls were other programs could be carried on.

growing up with no education and even those who One of these new buildings was a medical cenattended the crude mountain schools got but a few ter, and, before long, a doctor was placed in weeks of indifferent attention each year from a charge of the medical program. From time al- relatively untrained teacher. most immemorial, the people. in these mountains Such a situation was enough to stir the hardest had been born, lived, and died without any proheart, but it did more than that in the. sympathetic fessional medical attention. A nurse was emmIssIOnary. It aroused his deepest sympathies ployed and traveled up the streams, carrying her and his most profound interest. Something had ministry of health to people who had never known to be done, but the resources of mountain cabins, what a nurse was intended to do. Boys and girls where regular cash incomes were almost un- and men and women were found to be suffering known, were not sufficient to meet the need. In from all sorts of unnecessary diseases; there was [279 ]

ignorance concerning the most rudimentary laws fruit, but the mountaineers did not know how of health; the death rate was amazingly high, to take advantage of their opportunities. Acand nothing but an equally amazing large birth cordingly, apple trees and other fruit trees, serate kept the population from extinction. Opera- cured for a few cents each, were made available tions needed to be performed and chronic phys- for planting. That was not many years ago and ical ailments were cured. In order that the moun- yet today thousands of bushels of apples are pro- duced in that territory where, a few years ago, DR. THOMAS INOCULATING SCHOOL CHILDREN AT there was almost no fruit. Similar improvements PITTMAN CIDNTER, TENNESSEE were carried on in the growing of tomatoes and various garden vegetables. This development may tain people might not feel that they were recip- be traced directly to the missionary who had. a ients of charity, a charge was made for this vision. medical service, although cash payments were often not possible, and the pay came in the form It was discovered that the mountain women had of the simple products which the mountaineer considerable skill in the weaving of rugs and the could raise on his own few acres, or could capture making of baskets and in other lines of handicraft. by use of his gun in the woods. A great new day These' home industries were developed and a began to dawn up and down the creeks along market was found for the products. As a result, which the mountain people usually live. The mis- thousands of dollars have come into the commusionary was not content with a well organized edu- nity from the outside world for these hand-made cational program and a medical ministry, added to products. the religious ministry which provided reverent worship, religious training for boys and girls and Community pride was stimulated in many ways, a continuous pastoral ministry in the mountain but perhaps in no way more effectively than by homes. the promotion of the annual fair for which people from the mountains worked for months. Home- It did not require a Solomon to arrive at the grown vegetables were exhibited and housewives conclusion that, to a considerable extent, the inadequate economic opportunities of the people ac- ENCOURAGING MOUNTAIN HANDICRAFT AT PITTMAN CENTER counted for the distressing conditions. It was not possible to move these mountain people from their homes and from the little mountain homesteac;ls which they had come to love. But there were things that could be done. Most of the mountain folk had one or more cows, but these were often of a low grade, so that the milk supply was poor. The missionary began to take steps toward the improvement of the cattle strain and very marked progress was made. A similar plan was followed with pigs and chickens, so that the old razorback hog, always an unprofitable creature, became well-nigh extinct. Broods of fine pullets were loaned and the pay taken in a part of the proceeds so that before long a better grade of poultry was found around mountain cabins. The mountainsides were well adapted to the raising of

ITINERANT MINISTRIES IN REMOTE PLACES

vied with each other in preparing the most beau- It might be possible to give figures concerning tiful displays of canned vegetables and fruits. the number of young people who have attended Pamphlets were obtained from the Government and graduated from this school; to point out the in order that the best methods of canning might number of home calls made by the visiting nurse; be used. Many of the products of mountain to list the number of babies ushered into the homes, such as rugs, coverlets, baskets, and the world by a trained doctor; to count the number like were also displayed at these fairs. of diseased tonsils removed; to estimate the tons of foodstuffs produced; to enumerate the number Next attention was given to roads and today, of persons who have joined the church or proinstead of wandering about through the bed of fessed conversion in the religious meetings held, the stream and crossing and recrossing through or to set down many other tables of facts which the water, as one approaches this gap in the could be assembled concerning this work. But mountain, we can drive over a good road ang none of them by themselves nor all of them toreach our destination in relative comfort. gether, can quite tell the story, for the life that this humble home missionary, with his assistants, The enterprise was given the name of Pittman has brought into the dark caverns of the moun- Center from one of its chief benefactors. To an tains, is something beyond ordinary tabulation. outsider there is nothing particularly romantic, It can only be written in the Book of Life itself, poetic or imposing about the name, but it means and when that is written, the -story of the Tennesmuch to those who have watched Pittman Center see mountains must have a very important chapgrow during the past fifteen years and to those ter devoted to Pittman Center and to the Rev. who have shared in its ministry. To thousands J. S. Burnett, a missionary of the Gospel of Jesus of boys and girls and young people in the moun- Christ, who, while laboring in a crack in the tains it has meant opportunity for education, for mountains, caught a vision which he has, to some religious training, and for a new outlook upon life extent at least, been able to transform into a which never would have been theirs had the home reality. mission forces of the country overlooked this gap in a rather rugged and forbidding country.

Itinerant Ministries in Remote Places By REV. COE HAYNE, New York Department of Publicity, Literature and Research, The American Baptist Home Mission Society THE historian's assertion that our geograph- flows continually. About this spring and the dam ical frontiers have vanished may lead us to that has been constructed below it is a cluster of forget that cities are still giving birth to oak trees beneath which in the old days the Indowntown tenements and uptown suburbs and that dians were accustomed to resort. Rev. C. F. homesteading still goes on. Great numbers of Brown, colporteur-missionary in a great section people in urban and rural sections of America of North Dakota, each year plans to hold an allhave no religious privileges afforded them except day service on the Diamond C Ranch especially by virtue of the activities of devoted home mis- for the Russian people who have settled upon sionaries. While there are no longer great areas homesteads in large numbers although widely sepnewly opened to settlement there are still vast arated. Many others attend. The last round-up spiritual areas unexplored. Thousands of homes of the kind was held Sunday, July 29,1934. Three are still far removed from organized churches and hundred people attended, some traveling over just around the corner in every settled com- twenty miles to do so. As usual seats were armunity are neighbors languishing spiritually for ranged under the trees. Three speakers, includwant of Christian sympathy and companionship. ing a Russian, gave four messages during the day. A Sunday school session was held in the forenoon. Gospel Round-up on the "Diamond 0" An hour was devoted to dinner. The dam below the spring provided deep, clean water for a bap- On the southern slope of the Killdeer Moun- tismal service. In 1934 two and in 1933 sixteen tains, North Dakota, sprawls the Diamond C were baptized here. Ranch. The property is blessed with a spring that

A Funeral in the Killdeer Oountry open and said, 'This is the only shirt I have. The last time my wife washed this for me, I had to go Early in October, following the service on the to bed until it was dry.' Diamond C Ranch, Missionary Brown went about fifty miles to begin services in a Russian Baptist "Well, what would you have done in this. case? Church. This is the only Russian Baptist Church I said to him, 'Come out to the car, I have some in the Killdeer Mountain territory. It has no pas- clothes you may be able to make use of. We went tor. The deacons carryon the preaching services. out to the car and I began to take the clothes out. Then I decided to take them into the house where As soon as Mr. Brown arrived in the community his wife and little girl were. I gave them two or he heard that a baby girl, six months old, had died three nice new Turkish towels, a second-hand coat that day in a Greek Catholic home. There are no for the oldest girl, a second-hand pair of stock- Greek Catholic priests for the Russians in that ings for the mother, a warm jacket for the smallarea and Mr. Brown's visit to this home was ac- est girl, hats for four of the family and a sack of ceptable to the family. marbles for the smallest girl. This is all I had. They thanked me over and over for the things, Mr. Brown continues the story: then after kneeling in prayer and praying for "I went over twice that day to the home and the them, and thanking God for the givers who made last time, after reading the Bible and praying, I this giving possible, I took my departure. Later was about to leave when the father of the little I took some second-hand shirts to the man." girl followed me to the door. I turned and asked him if he had engaged anyone to take charge of A Skeleton Key Admits Sixty the funeral. He said, 'No.' Then he asked me if I was going to be around there at the time of the "I had announced a preaching service at a coun· funeral, and I told him that I was and that I could try schoolhouse for October 14th in the evening," help if he wished me to. He said that would be continues Missionary Brown of North Dakota. all right. Evidently he had intended to have the "So far as I know no service has ever been held baby taken out and buried without any funeral as there before. When we got there all was dark. he could not afford to pay for a Greek Catholic 1 got out my skeleton key which I always carry service. in the car and unlocked the building. When we "The next day we deposited the casket into the lighted a light we saw that all the contents were rear end of a truck without an undertaker and piled up in the center of the room for they had started for the church near the cemetery. When been painting the inside. Well, we moved things we got there and took the casket out, two or three around and got things in shape for a service. asked me if they should take the body into the When it was time to begin there were fifteenpeochurch to which I answered 'Certainly.' You see pIe present, and by the time they stopped coming some of the people believed that as the baby had there must have been fifty-five or sixty present. not been baptized and therefore was unsaved its Half of them had to stand up. Everyone was body should not be taken into the church. We surprised to see the rest there, and it was certainly took the casket in and had a 'real' funeral service an agreeable surprise to me. Two weeks later we for the little one. This made a deep impression organized a Sunday school in that schoolhouse." on the parents. They invited me. home for supper and insisted on my staying there several nights Oonversion of An Aged Pioneer during the meetings that followed." The parish of Rev. J. S. Umberger of Okanogan, While the Turkeys Fed on Grasshoppers Washington, is said to be the largest county in the United States save one. Okanogan County ex- "On the 11th of October," wrote Missionary tends 88 miles east and west and 100 miles north Brown of North Dakota, "I stopped at a Russian and south, and contains 18,000 white and 2,500 farmhouse. The man was standing in the yard. Indians. Most of the members of the church, We spoke and I remarked that it was a nice day. which is the only Baptist church in the county, He said, 'It isn't very nice. The weather and live in rural communities, many miles from everything else is wrong. There is no money, no Okanogan. The nearest church of the same comfeed for the stock, nothing to eat, and no clothes.' munion is the First Baptist Church of Wenatchee, 93 miles away. Up Salmon Creek Valley twelve "While I was talking with him, his oldest daugh- miles reside several members of the church. Apple' ter came out and drove the turkeys out into the orchards, cattle raising and mining engage their sun-scorched fields to feed on grasshoppers as attention. During fall and winter the roads bethere was no feed for them at the house. The come impassable and church attendance from that coyotes had killed twenty-one of the turkeys section falls away. From Conconuly eighteen awhile before and now they had to herd them. miles north come a number of members; also from Malott, Omak, Orville, Riverside, Tanasket "I urged him to come out to our services, but he said he had no fit clothes. He pulled his jacket

WORKING FOR THE MIGRANT WORKERS

and Loomis. During the summer, on Communion minded him that she would not cease to pray for Sundays, people drive in from points as distant as him. Orville, 54 miles north, Peteros 34 miles south and various points between. The Methow Valley, 68 Two months later the worship service at Okanomiles away, contributes its quota of worshipers. gan was interrupted by a messenger from an- Out of the thirteen families on the Indian reserva- other old pioneer who lay dying at his home in tion eleven miles east of the Columbia River that Riverside, twenty-one miles away, asking if Mr. are engaged in grain and stock raising, nine are Umberger would come to his bedside. The pastor represented in the church membership. left his pulpit at once turning the service over to Mrs. Umberger. He reached the dying man in During a week in the Loomis neighborhood, time to hear his testimony of faith. "I knew that fifty-four miles northwest of Okanogan, Mr. Um- you would help me just as you did that old man at berger was heartened by the conversion of a Loomis," he told the missionary. Two days later pioneer eighty-four years of age who related that he passed away and a large number of people fifty-eight years before his mother in bidding him from the countryside gathered to honor his good-bye when he left his Indiana home had re- memory.

Working for the Migrant Workers By ADELA J. BALLARD, San Francisco, California Western Supervisor of Migrant Work; Council of Women ~- for Home Missions T HE family case worker of the local social of the families you are caring for work every agency receives the anxious-faced nurse re- possible hour. But if migratory Tommy Jones luctantly. Both know too well the result of needs a crutch or a pair of glasses or hospitalizathe forthcoming interview. Just inside the door tion both the counties in which the work has been of the office stands a migratory family-father done will repudiate responsibility for the needs and mother shabbily dressed with two small chil- of the migrant. Meanwhile the migratory worker dren clinging to the mother's skirts, a child of two who is giving honest service sees the transient, years or less in the father's arms shows decided who has refused to work, getting aid! He gets a signs of malnutrition. free ride and food allowance to take him back to his home. Show me how to cut the red tape Case worker (helplessly)-"I know all you say . . ." Her tone as she left the final sentence is true. The family has worked. They are will- unfinished was most expressive. ing to take any possible work. They came in response to agricultural need. The work has not The nurse nodded curtly. In her heart she paid a living wage, to say nothing of providing knew that the case worker was helpless and that for the period between the harvests. But you the case worker knew she was aware of the hopeknow how my hands are tied. These people are lessness of the situation. The nurse turned toneither residents nor are they citizens!" ward the door without attempt at argument. The migratory family followed disconsolately. Nurse (heatedly)-"No, but they are hungry and homeless. The work has been done within the "The only way we kin git to be resident," venstate. They are not cross:-state migrants. All tured the man timidly as he bundled his family of the year has been spent in two counties. They into the auto, "is to jus' quit tryin' to fin' work have served the community and the children are an' jus' hang on here! Cotton don't make a livin' citizens." all year no way. We might git on relief then, but once ye git on an' ye take a day's work ye git off! Case worker (sympathetically)-"Granted. But An' ye'll starve good'n dead afore ye git on agin! (frowning and speaking sarcastically) relief is Looks like they jus' use us and thin fergit us!" organized on the basis of citizenship and residence. We do not think it best to care for the "No!" corrected the nurse. "Isn't the grower transient. He has a residence somewhere and allowing you free housing while you wait for may be returned to his home at public expense another' harvest?" even though he is deliberately seeing the world on relief funds! I'm aware of the fact that most "Yep," agreed the man. "He's been right good I" And then. slowly, "But we want work!

We don't want charity. If we work fer what the ing with bitterness, a ready prey to the agitator grower kin pay, the 'pinkies' [communists] tell us advising strikes, hunger marches and violence.

they'll bust our heads, iffen e work fer less than This is particularly true in these days when many they say. We know the grower don' git nuff to of the workers of a higher type have been forced pay no such money an' though he sez he'll pertect out of steady employment and into the ranks of us, an' he duz while we'er workin', when we git the migrating throng. in town then hell ketches us. So what's a feller Lack of funds restrict home mission work for the migratory laborer, but in a few selected areas goin' ter do!" enough has been done to prove that the social and The nurse, serving under the Council of Women the religious agencies may lighten all of life for for Home Missions, felt herself unable to answer the wandering group. The results have convinced the question. The problem of the one worker was the community, the grower, the county, federal the problem of two million other workers in the and church agencies that earlier effort to lift , agricultural areas of the United States, and it is standards in the migrant camps failed because of not only the problem of the adult worker. These lack of cooperation between agencies and not attitudes on the part of the state and county because of the lack of response on the part of the migratory laborer.

In one state an officer in the Department of Immigration and Housing observed the work done by the Council of Women for Home Missions in an area where there was little local cooperation.

He invited the missionary nurse into an area where thousands of migratory workers were used and where he would be able to secure intelligent cooperation from various agencies. Four years ago the work began. This season the program as planned is a good example of what can be done in many other localities.

Instead of many scattering camps, difficult to supervise, there will be two large camps. Floors will be provided for the tent city. There will be a full time doctor for the period of the harvest.

Water has been piped into the camps and showers provided for the workers. There will be a camp supervisor for each camp and the missionary nurse to take full charge of the nursing service '

for the camps. The religious and character edu- cational programs are acknowledged to be an essential part of the work in the camps. The county provides the funds for the support of the A MIGRANT WORKER'S TYPICAL TENT HOME nurse and for the doctor. The local community pays for the lease of the camp site; the S. E. R. A.

relief agencies condition the lives of two hundred for the set-up and better sanitation and for the thousand children whose parents follow the crops. camp supervisors. Local club and church women The migratory wQrker has stated the problem will give volunteer aid of ·various types. A local justly. He recognized the helplessness of the church woman has foregone a month of rent for grower to overcome economic handicaps or to her flat in order that it may be reserved for the protect the migratory laborer from the threat of use of the missionary nurse.

the professional agitator. NOr can the grower help But it was the Church which began this pro- the migratory family to secure residence unless gram and the response is the influence which has he encourages them to become applicants for re- brought about an intelligent cooperation on the lief; few areas and no one crop can give contin- part of the migratory workers. It took not pro- uous employment. In order to obtain citizenship fessional nursing skill alone, but an understand-, there must be residence within a community for ing friendliness, to win the migratory family and a period of years! This is generally impossible introduce an educational program which will for the agricultural worker. The fact that the change habits of life and types of thought.

state and the county in which the work has been Out of the years of service in this one commu- done repudiates responsibility leaves hearts seeth- nity has grown a consciousness of the interrela-

tion of all of life. Religious education alone or stop violence and safeguard the migratory work- health service alone could not meet the need. The ers. The treatment of the Filipino in the agricul- Missionary Council had no right to lift from the tural camps, the attitude of the local communities, community the responsibility for the better hous- the prejudice against the East Indian, are other ing, sanitation, health and social relationships of instances where conditions in migratory groups this group serving in the state; but it could and threaten to disturb international relations.

did lead in creating attitudes which recognized A third thing is the relation of conditions in facts and ended in cooperatively meeting the need. the migratory camps to Christian service abroad.

Students from other countries, especially those coming from the Orient, very often serve in agri- cultural fields to finance work in school. Many times such students are the product of missions abroad. They come to America expeclting to find Christian fellowship, but, instead of this find racial prejudice, injustice, impossible living con- ditions, intolerance. As a result faith in Chris- tianity dies and word goes back home that Christianity does not function in America. The missionary in the Orient, and elsewhere, thus finds the work doubly hard. Unless we change our treatment of the agricultural worker from SUNDAY SCHOOL FOR MIGRANT WORKERS India, China, Japan, the Philippines we shall find the work abroad greatly hampered.

This one project is typical of the work of the Lastly, but not least, the young people of the Council in its efforts to meet the need-in the churches today are demanding a Christian ap- cotton fields, in the tobacco plantation, in fruit proach to the social and economic situation of orchards, in cannery areas, in berry patches.

Whether establishing a Christian center, a day nursery or recreational center, or the sending of a Christian nurse and a public health program, the effort is to enlist all agencies responsible for the welfare of the migratory workers. Last year fifty-seven projects were carried on by the Councn in eleven states and many thousands of lives were touched. Forty per cent of the cost of this service was paid by the growers' groups, cannery execu- tives and local communities.

The challenge to the Church is fourfold: This migratory procession numbers millions and is largely untouched by Christian influence. Its childhood is a huge segment of our future citizen- ship. If present conditions are unaltered, these children bid fair to become shifting vagabonds, illiterate and with little or no sense of community responsibility. In California figures show that .

27,000 children of school age are in the agricul- tural camps. In one town in Texas 1400 children ENJOYING A SUN BATH IN CAMP are out of the local school, working in the truck gardens for many months of the year. Thousands the age. They are seeking cooperative service of children are out of school from May to Novem- which enables all agencies, religious and social, ber following the crops in eastern areas. to work together. It has been amazing to note The influence of the general attitude toward the response when this mission work is presented migratory workers in areas where race riots take to young people's groups. One young man, hear- place is a menace to world peace. Last year the ing of it for the first time, said, "I'm sick and treatment of the Japanese going into the agricul- tired of all this fussing about things not being tural areas of the Salt River Valley, intensified evangelistic! As I read my Bible Jesus Christ Japan's resentment against America, in spite of said, 'Go out and do something.' Some of us the fact that Arizona did everything possible to have to preach by our acts, and I'll bet those

COOPERATION AND UNION IN HOME MISSIONS

people get more of a Christian message out of a makes the task more difficult. The camps that nurse rolling up her sleeves and helping them have been touched are pitifully few. when they have a sick baby or a burned kid, than from a preacher coming in once a month to The day has passed when the worker from the preach a sermon! When she goes to court with Council must beg to enter a camp in an agriculthem or puts up a good, clean recreational pro- tural area. The camps asking for a worker far gram and keeps them out of mischief-well, it's exceed the posibilities of the funds available for me for that kind of evangelism!" this cooperative service. County doctors write, "If you could come in for just one season I know And the migrant can be reached. The migra- our growers would finance the service, but they tory family does respond to friendliness. It is cannot believe the work can be done until they possible to inspire a real appreciation of better have actually seen the results." . housing; it is possible to secure better school attendance; it is possible to teach the parent the In the meantime, children are asking as did one reason for restricting his liberty in using the boy overheard after the story hour in "hops," child as a wage earner; it is possible to make of "Who's this guy, God, she's talking about!" the migratory worker a Christian American citizen-but each day of neglect of this challenge And we have not the funds with which to send workers to tell the story!

Cooperation and Union in Home Missions 4f{ I~v. WM. R. KING, D.D., New York ~- – ~ecretary of the Home Missions Council W HAT we see of cooperation and union "warring factions" and see nothing but confusion among the Protestant churches of America and unholy rivalry. Most critics lack historic per- today depends upon the extent of our ob- spective. They base their measurements of progservations and the spirit and method of our in- ress made upon the distance from the goal to be vestigations. As a rule we see in this world just reached rather than upon the distance already about what we look for. Some people do l10t find covered from the starting point.

any cooperation between churches because they It is true, however, that we have "not yet at- do not look for it, or do not look in the right places. tained" satisfactory cooperation and union, but They look for competition and rivalry and see we are "pressing on" with encouraging speed.

plenty. Some years ago I rode a little mountain Cooperation between denominations and among pony for eight days through the tiger and elephant the churches is still very young. The years of jungles of Laos-northern Siam. We were told maturity have not been reached by any means.

that it was a dangerous journey, that the jungles The movement is still in the tender and timid years were infested with tigers and wild elephants. We of childhood and early adolescence.

did not see a tiger or a wild elephant. We were If we go back only a quarter of a century we not hunting for them. We were looking for mis- find practically no interdenominational coopera- sionaries and native Christiansantl we found tion. The older societies, like the American Bible them. Sometimes we make unexpected discov- Society, the American Tract Society, and the eries, but, as a rule, we find what we seek. American Sunday School Union are not interde- It is so with interchurch cooperation. If peo- nominational but are associations of like-minded ple want to believe that the churches are given individuals interested in certain things with no over utterly to competition and divisiveness they denominational control or direction.

can find plenty of evidence to support their views. For three hundred years American Protestant- If they want to believe that the churches are learn- ism was almost wholly divisive. Denominations ing to cooperate and unite they can find abundant were all out for "a place in the sun." Forty or'

proof. The trouble with many who condemn the more divisions of European Protestantism were church for lack of cooperation is their point of transplanted to this country from the "father- view. They project themselves far ahead on some lands" during the first 200 years of our history.

high point of Utopia, where things are supposed Soon they began to spawn and new breeds came to be perfect and all people to be saints, and from into existence until today we have more than 200 that exalted position they look down upon the so-called denominations. About thirty years ago a few far-seeing leaders working upon such mergers and the likelihood is began to cry out against unwise and unholy di- that within the next few years most of the states visions. The first were our foreign missionaries. and many of their counties will have one inclusive They saw the sin of it and began to think and plan Council of Churches which will include in its set- and work together against their common foes and up and program all the interests of the church for the same great common ends. The China within the state.

Council was organized in the early part of this But this is not half the story of the development century. Intermissionary councils and commis- of cooperation and union within the last two sions and conferences were set up on other mis- decades. sion fields. Then the Foreign Mission Boards caught the vision and the spirit of cooperation and Comity and cooperation among local churches the Foreign Missionary Conference was organ- and on local fields have made commendable progized by Mission Board secretaries. The formation ress. More has been accomplished along these of other interdenominational, intermissionary lines in the last two decades than in all the preagencies followed. vious years of American church history. Today comity committees exist in nearly all the large Then the Home Mission Boards began to catch cities and in most of the states. There are perthe vision and were stirred by the same spirit of haps 2,000 Union churches of all types throughcooperation. The Home Missions Council, the out the country. Many cooperative projects are Council of Women for Home Missions, and the being carried on cooperatively by missionary Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America were all organized in 1908. This was the boards and local churches. Home mission fields real beginning of organized planned interdenom- have been allocated. A number of types of work inational cooperation in America. There had been have been merged into departments, bureaus and committees of the two Home Missions Councils, some worthy forerunners, some daring Johns the such as work among Migrants, Indian children in Baptists, preparing the way, but 1908 was the or- Government schools, work among Jews, bureaus ganic beginning of interdenominational, inter- of Church Architecture, Summer Schools for church cooperation for work in the ho.meland. Rural Pastors, Rural Life Sunday, World Day of The spirit deepened; the movement spread. Prayer, religious programs and community Other national organizations saw the need of coop- churches in connection with government public eration. The Christian colleges formed a council. works. An increasing number of service activi- The old Sunday School Association of individuals ties, that can be carried on together better than interested in the teaching of the Bible became by separate denominations, are being committed the International Council of Religious Educa- to the Councils.

tion of the Churches of North America, and No Subsidies for Competitive Projects within the last few months there has come another very significant development of interdenomina- The most recent step in comity has been taken tional cooperation in the new cooperative working by five of the constituent Home Mission Boards relationship of the International Council of Reli- Qf the Home Missions Council within this year.

gious Education, the Federal Council of the These Boards have worked out "master lists" of Churches of Christ in America, the Home Mis- all their home mission aid to churches, and have sions Council and the Council of Women for Home given notice to these aid-receiving churches that Missions. These Councils have set up a joint com- after December 31, 1935, these subsidies will be mittee of fifteen to coordinate the programs and withdrawn from all churches that are in competi- the activities of these four interdenominational tive situations. Questions of competition must be Councils. At last these great national coordi:. settled by the state or the national Home Mission nating agencies are beginning to practice their Councils or Comity Committees before that date.

own preachment. Now that they are beginning to There is no place here for details. We can speak take their own medicine it is to be hoped the de- only in general terms, but these things mentioned nominations will have more confidence in their are steps in the right direction. Some are more prescriptions. successful than others but all have helped to move This new spirit and practice of cooperation is the Church along toward the desired goal. No taking form in recent mergers of state councils one plan or method of cooperation will fit all places of churches. Already ten states have merged the or work everywhere one hundred per cent perfect.

Councils of Religious Education and the Councils Great care must be exercised in each case to find of Churches and the Home Missions Councils into the best plan. Sometimes the best plan is the one inclusive State Council of Churches, or as in allocation of fields and types of work and special some cases, Councils of Churches and Religious projects and churches to some one denomination.

Education. Seven or eight other states are now For example, Alaska, some of the states, and

some of the islands of the West Indies, and nearly authority on this subject, says "a large measure of readiness for union has come to prevail genall the foreign mission fields, have been allocated. erally in American Protestantism."

Other plans include the mutual exchange of I believe that we are working along the right line. Cooperation is the word upon which we churches and fields and projects between denom- must ring the changes at the present time. Union may come–in many cases will come. Weare inations; the federation of churches, and (in the ready now for cooperation. Ultimate union de- pends upon present cooperation. There is wisdom judgment of many, the least effective) the or- in not pressing organic union too hard or too fast, but surely the time is here for cooperation, espeganization of independent community churches. cially in the great missionary work of the churches, both at home and abroad. All of these methods have their advantages and There can be no further advance except as we disadvantages. But they are first steps that must go forward together. A few days ago I saw a truck in Chicago with these words in large letters be taken before the churches can run together in across its side – "Coordinated Transport." Can the Church be as wise as truckmen? perfect union. Sometimes these steps have been faltering, but they have marked a good deal of progress-"we are on our way." , The trend in cooperation has had its most marked demonstration in the organic union of denominations. Since 1900 there have been eleven organic unions of churches involving twenty-five denominations. Rev. H. Paul Douglass, our best The Unchurched Children of America I By the REV. R. W. McGRANAHAN, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa. -<tSf Associate Secretary of the Board of American Missions, United Presbyterian Church of North America THE importance of bringing child life into 2. The neglected children of the slum areas in close contact with the vital spiritual forces large cities and those in crowded industrial sec- of the Church is self-evident. Here is the tions. clay, awaiting the skilful shaping of the Potter. Here are the lives, awaiting guidance, which will 3. The children of foreign descent, not Amereither make or unmake ,the next generation. The icanized, whose parents have a nominal relation Church will win or lose according as she succeeds to their ancestral church but are now indifferent or fails in reaching· the children. This responsi- to any religious influence. bility goes far beyond simply bringing in the children of families already within the fold. The 4. The children of the godless rich, who give great home mission task today in reaching the neither time nor place for religion. In fullyunchurched groups has no challenge comparable churched communities there are hosts of children to that of plans that give a larger place to reach- who have no contact with the Church of Christ. ing the children of all who are accessible to the Gospel. If the children are won the next genera- Freely speaking, it is estimated that half the tion is won. children of America are in these various groups, so that, of the 34,000,000 American boys and girls Who are these unchurched children? Many of school age only about 17,000,000 are receiving families have such slight touch with the vital, any definite Bible instruction or Christian guidspiritual forces that they could scarcely be classi- ance that will prepare them to solve their life fied as churched, and beyond this a vast number problems. If we exclude those of high school age, of children are destitute of any contact with this about 13,000,000 younger boys and girls are outinstitution founded by Christ to unite His people side such influence. Some of these are under ininto one body. They may be enumerated as fol- fluences antagonistic to the Church; others are lows: in an atmosphere of indifference to religion, while very many are_only awaiting an invitation to be- 1. Those unchurched geographically. They are come followers of Christ. found in isolated farming communities, mining sections, and areas from which the church has What other possible challenge to the Church moved .out, new communities opened by various can compare with this! industrial ventures. From the jungle of neglect of religious training for the young comes the monster of "crime men- ace" that terrifies America ,today. The "Red

THE UNCHURCHED CHILDREN OF AMERICA

menace" of revolution and atheism lurks in that day school period means the departure of children same jungle. If the Church and the nation are and youth in utter indifference to church worship to survive the youth must be saved. We must which usually follows. Here is a great challenge recognize our responsibility, not only for the chil- to lead into church life and activity those enrolled dren who belong to the Church by reason of the in the Sunday school. Every denomination should parents' affiliation, but the unchurched children use every means to prevent this loss to the Church. must be reached or the whole nation is threatened. 2. It should be our aim to reach all within the It is amazing how lightly the responsibility for bounds of the parish who may be willing to religious instruction and guidance rests upon our respond to a kindly approach. An offer to call shoulders as American citiz·ens. We insist that and accompany the children to the church service ample provision must be made for secular educa- might be one of the first steps taken. The varition and we pay billions in taxes for that purpose. ous communions might institute a program While we admit that training the mind and neg- through their Sunday school agencies so that lecting the moral and spiritual may simply make every congregation shall carryon an organized more cunning knaves, we fail to see cause for campaign to greatly increase the number of chilalarm in the growing demand to eliminate from dren under religious instruction. our schools all Bible reading and teaching of moral standards. The great Luther Burbank, who was a 3. There is the challenge to reach unchurched philosopher as well as wonderful plant wizard and communities, mining districts and industrial areas scientist, never lost an opportunity to remind us by some plan of interdenominational work, or that "if we took no· better care of our plants than assignment of such areas to various denominawe do of our childr·en we would be living in a tions. The fact' that most of such areas do not jungle of weeds." The Duke of Wellington used promise the establishment of a self-supporting even stronger terms when he said: "Educate chil- church makes it difficult to induce churches to dren without religion and you make a race of assume responsibility. But such mission work as clever devils." this must be done to save America.

One of the most sinister signs of our times is 4. The big task that will require constructive the deliberate effort to alienate the youth of to- planning and far-sighted statesmanship is to make day by atheistic teaching in high schools and col- effective religious contact with the millions of leges. It was the boast of a teacher in one of our children enrolled in our public schools who now universities, recently dismissed because of his receive no religious instruction. The public school flagrant offences in atheistic propaganda, "They is the only agency which reaches all the children. used to say, 'give me the child till he is 8 years of In most states religious and ethical instruction age and you can have him after that!' But give and even character building have now been elimme a boy or girl for two years in college in the inated from the public school. Dr. Paul D. Eddy teens and I can take his religion out of him." has presented the following plan of cooperation The Church is responsible for seeing that our that should enlist all churches and character-buildschool boards, our church college boards and our ing agencies in every community: state schools do not permit teaching destructive of the Christian faith and life. The principle of separation of Church and State will not necessarily mean the separation of public education Is it not high time that a definite program and religious education in the sense of eliminating moral should be formulated and put into effect to reach and spiritual values or the great basic elements in rethis unchurched half of America's children? It ligion. . . . The new advance of home missions and is truly gratifying that serious consideration is Christian education must be in the field of reaching this being given to it by church bodies, and Sunday unchurched group. New trails in the field cannot be school organizations. blazed by individual denominational effort or independent local church programs. . . . The solution of the problem The challenge to the Church to save her own of reaching the unchurched, providing adequate religious children and to reach the millions of the un- training for all children and youth is to be found in the churched children' in America presents many cooperative study and planning by the Church with all problems, some of which are difficult. the major character agencies in the community: the government, public schools, homes and other agencies. 1. Those enrolled in the Sunday school must be The building of an intelligently coordinated program for won to Christ. Surely the Church must concern character building in the community is the only effective herself deeply with this need. solution.

It is comparatively easy to enroll children in If such a cooperative movement be launched promptly the Sunday school and thus bring them under and enthusiasm created for it such as was realized in the religious influence, even when parents are wholly launching of the Student Volunteer Movement, and plans indifferent, but it is very disturbing to see the made for a sustained program through the future, this wholesale manner in which the close of the Sun- movement might well be hailed as the greatest achieve- ment of our century thus far. May the outcome match the need of these times and reach effectively some of the millions of unchurched children of America!

A Re–Emphasis of Spiritual

By REV. PAUL DAWSON EDDY, M.A., New York Director, Vacation and Week.Day Church Schools, ln~ernational Council of Religious Education "THE Church which for years has professed the economically, insecure, the emotionally un- its interest and concern over the weak and stable, or the mentally retarded child. It is in- helpless, almost turns its back upon these creasingly apparent that these agencies cannot unfortunate children. They ·are not invited. adequately meet the character needs of the total They are too dirty, uncouth and wild. Perhaps group of children and youth of the community they might also contaminate those within the fold. through their independent, unrelated and often At any rate few are called and few come." This competitive program. The State Superintendent is the conclusion of a study of fourteen thousand of Public Instruction in Nebraska states that the juvenile delinquents who appeared before the schools alone are impotent in the face of character courts of Los Angeles in three years. * education needs of the day. The Tenth Year Book "The position of the Church today is one of con- of the National Education Association also states, fusion and uncertainty. It has lost much of the "Our society today awaits a new integration of authority with which it at one time was clothed." t knowledge, aspiration and human purpose – it These are serious indictments from the courts would seem to be a task essentially religious in of a state and the leaders in public education. nature."

They challenge the Christian Church to a reeval- Through the segregation of religion and the uation of its program and work. Such a study secularization of education in the 19th century would lead to the conclusion that the Church has violence has been done to Church and State, and failed to provide adequate Christian character to individual and social character. The narrow training for the less privileged economically, so- sectarianism of our colonial church fathers was cially and culturally, as well as for those of the a contributing factor to the separation of religion more privileged classes. Of course there are in- and education. This isolation of religion from dividual exceptions of successful programs but in the daily educational experiences of the child has general the groups from which our largest num- led to cynicism, materialism and the disintegra- ber of juvenile delinquents come are not reached tion of personality.

by Protestant home missions, Christian educa- During the past decade or more one can discover tion or the Church. Possibly these organizations a distinct trend to reintegrate the basically reli- do not possess the understanding or technique gious or spiritual elements in the program of for attracting and training these children, youth public education and character building. "No and adults. greater task rests upon the secondary schools than In fairness it should be stated that the public to help its pupils find their God. . . . When this schools and the other community character build- orientation takes place life assumes poise, dig- ing agencies have also failed, side by side with the ni,ty, grandeur. Otherwise its strivings, its Church, to reach these groups. While the public struggles, its achievements seem trivial and in- schools may record the attendance of these chil- significant.:!: dren, few would claim that the average public This quiet return to fundamental spiritual school with its traditional regemented program values should be recognized and encouraged by all really meets the consummate needs of these religious faiths. It is a function of the Christian groups. Because compulsory education laws in- Church to permeate the life of the community sure attendance, it does not follow that the time agencies and to appreciate every contribution to of the pupil is spent in creative activities which character development as an aid to the "more are suited to his needs. abundant life." – Recent studies have revealed a School, church and the other community char- great storehouse of latent religious resources in acter-building agencies must admit the failure of public school curriculum and in the activities of their so-called regular programs vitally to reach many community character-building agencies.

• Bulletin, Who Is Delinquent? published by Rotary Club of Los The Church can assisUhese agencies to strengthen AntgeTlehse. Tenth Year Book of the Department of Superintendents of ~ Sixth Year Book, Department of Superintendents, N. E. A., the National Education Association, p 23. pp. 51-53.

[290 ] and enrich the spiritual basis of their program. sion, in cooperation with the major character- In addition to the permeating and indirect in- building agencies of Ohio, will establish demon- stration communities in rural and urban districts fluence, the Church has a unique and distinctive for the cooperative study of community needs and contribution to make to character development. the coordinated program building in which reli- It is a function of the Church to enrich, interpret gion will be an integral part. Duplication and and integrate experiences in terms of specifically competition in the programs of these agencies Christian ideals and purposes. This function must will be eliminated. be performed on the basis of the individual's experiences in his home, school and community, and The Commission will also study the relationship not by the isolated learning of unrelated dogma. of Church and State in education, and the func- tion of religion in character development. The We are lead to the conclusion that if the Church place of the Church in the community, and how continues to follow its traditional program of its contribution may best be made, will receive isolated religious teaching, it can never effectively careful consideration. Some form of weekday reach the unchurched millions of youth. But, if religious education will be developed which will the Church is really interested in the weak, the enrich, interpret and integrate the daily experihelpless and uncouth child, as well as in the more ences of the child in his home, school and comnormal and attractive youth, it must make its con- munity relationships. tribution in coordination with the other community character-building agencies. There is a di- The Commission is composed of national and rect and an indirect contribution which the Church state denominational leaders, leaders in public is designed to make. schools and other character-building agencies, professors of generttl education and religious edu- In Los Angeles the Juvenile Courts inaugurated cation, ministers and laymen. The Commission the plan of bringing the educational, social, civic will encourage the home, the school, the Church and religious agencies in the community into a and other agencies in their cooperative efforts to coordinating council for study and cooperative meet community needs. program building in more than seventy districts of the county. Community councils of character – building agencies are developing in a number of cities and Public school leaders in some states and com- rural areas. Research studies and the experimunities have taken the initiative in developing mental development of programs are planned. It cooperative study and community planning. Some is expected that a conference with the leaders of ministers and laymen have sensed the inadequacy the Jews, Roman Catholics and Prote&tants will of religion on Sundays only and the failure of the be held sometime in the future to consider the Church to reach the unchurched groups, so they common interest of all religious faiths in the eduhave invited leaders to study what can be done. cation and character developments of the child.

The first united Protestant program on a state- By some such united approach we may hope to wide basis to provide religious training in coopera- meet the challenge of sixteen million unchurched tion with the public schools and the other major children and youth, and may overcome the criticharacter-building agencies is developing in Ohio. cism of Juvenile Courts, public school educators, After a year of exploratory study by the Ohio and community leaders. The Church can thus re- Council and the International Council of Religious gain its lost leadership in the community and Education, a commission has been organized which make her contribution in coordination with the will officially represent the Council of Churches in other character-building agencies. Ohio, the Ohio Council of Religious Education, the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, Let the Church go forward in a united demonthe Home Missions Councils and the International stration, in a national laboratory study and de- Council of Religious Education. This Commis- velopment for these neglected youth..

INTERRELATION OF FOREIGN AND HOME MISSIONS Home missions and foreign missions are the two ends of the same stream, its fountain and its sea. We cannot stop one without drying up the other also. Stop the fountains and the sea will ultimately become a dry bed; evaporate the sea and the fountains will run dry. Home missions are needed to keep the church at home alive and to help it grow. Cutting off foreign mission interest and activity is a sure way of killing home missions. Foreign missions bring returns a thousandfold at home by sending streams back upon the churches to revitalize them and fill them with life more abundant.

Need for Christian

By the REV. J. M. WALKER, D.D., Charlotte, N. C.

Pastor of Steele Creek Presbyterian Church T HE relation of education to Christian char- have lost faith – in God, in themselves, in their . acter is a most vital topic today. An amaz- fellowmen. ing number of new books deal with this Look at the young men who begin a task, but subject. Educational associations of various kinds cannot finish it.

are devoting their time and best thought to it; See how students, trained in institutions of magazines are lending their pages to its discus- learning, are swelling our criminal and delinquent sion; and there is no end to the conferences being lists. held with the idea of finding a solution to the Behold the multitudes without the slightest re- many problems involved. gard to the restraints of the Sabbath.

Out of all this thought and discussion, two Think of the widespread disregard for the things may be said to have become clear: one, Christian standards of sex and bodily purity.

that education must center it~ efforts upon char- Think of the gambling fever that is abroad in acter development. It will concern itself not so the land.

much with subject-matter as with life. Its goal Observe how many homes are broken up, and will be the achieving of a Christian character how the divorce courts are filled.

rather than the mastery of materials. Not that Think of the corruption in politics, and the it will lay less stress upon the acquisition of bribery of justice; the hatred between classes, knowledge per se, but it will d~mand that a great- and the rising war-like spirit between nations.

er emphasis be placed upon guiding youth into an Think of the filth in much of our modern literaunderstanding of that knowledge as it relates to ture and movies; of the unethical practices in his own development in right living. The other business and industries; of the faithlessness of thing is this, the great Christian principles and public servants; and of the wholesale repudiation ideals which were set forth by the Master Him- of sacred obligations. self must find a larger place in our educational processes. The times demand it. All this and much more of a similar kind is tak- ing place among our people, and often right before The Character Crisis in National Life our eyes. The picture is not overdrawn. We have no disposition to exaggerate. Certainly there Our age has made marvelous progress. The· is much in our civilization that is praiseworthy, new scientific knowledge is flying with lightning and for which we should be thankful, but the rapidity across the boundaries of nations, and no symptoms revealed are alarming to say the least.

man can tell what tomorrow holds in store. Yes- What we are chiefly concerned with is the source terday's marvels become today's commonplaces. or sources of this malady. What lies back of this Because the genius of man knows no limit we distress-disorder?

face the future with eager anticipation. How- It is evident that the breakdown is in the realm ever, it does not take a discerning spirit to see of character. Honor and integrity, reverence and that all is not well with us. As a student of our devotion to truth and duty, and the high regard day has well said: "We are like an army that for sacred ideals seem to be a thing of the past may be able to report gains on the right, but with a great body of our people. Principles which which has met with ignominious defeat on the guided our fathers in building this Christian civ- left." With all our furnishings through the ilization have been too frequently thrown over- knowledge of the new sciences; with all the board as something out of date and useless. With equipment that comes with the modern inventions, many, the true has become identified merely with the modern conveniences, and the new modes of the useful, and -the good with that which is pleas-.

communication; with all the vast outlay in edu- ing; there are no fixed standards of truth and cational facilities for the training of youth; still righteousness.

something tremendously important seems to be When we analyse the causes of this breakdown lacking in the lives of our people. Behold the in character and strive to get at the secret for this breakdowns occurring all along the line; men failure, we do not proceed with such assurance.

ffl92 ] In this complex civilization there are too many follow the lead of these antireligionists, and use educacross-currents playing upon the life of the average tioI?al procedures which are based on philosophical theories whIch are destructive to religion. This thing is happening individual, tending either to make or mar his both in public schools and in church schools.

character. It behooves us to tread with humility. 1. First of all, a large part of our educational This secularization of the public education has been going on for years. Perhaps we are just beprogram has been out of balance. We have been ginning to feel the full force of its effect. It was primarily concerned with ways and means rather but logical to expect that a system of public eduthan with objectives. We have said, let facts be cation from which religion had been carefully purveyed, character will take care of itself. We have been too busy mastering scientific methods eliminated would in time become essentially and to give much attention to mastering life. It has actively antireligious. A godless philosophy of been a materialistic age, and the spiritual has been life is bound, as the night follows the day, to propolitely bowed out. Students have been taught to duce a godless civilization. It has laid its blighting put their entire faith in the scientific method as hand upon nearly everything that we held as sacred-upon the home, the family, the church a cure-all for the numerous ills of society. the school, society, and even the business world: "This steady secularization of public education" says one of our Christian philosophers, "is per- We have sown the. wind, and now we are reaping haps the most potent factor in producing a dis- the whirlwind. torted sense of values in the mind of our young It was but inevitable that our nation should be people. While we have been introducing one sub- in for a cruel awakening. All this crass material- ism and antireligious teaching in schools and colject after another of a secular nature, we have leges was bound to bring about a reaction. Truth been steadily eliminating or restricting instruction of a moral and religious nature. Our children has a way of rising to the surface and coming out naturally put the emphasis on the things that are regardless. Then again, too many institutions of learning remained faithful to their trust; and given prominence in their experience." there were too many consecrated teachers of youth Dr. Walter A. Squires, oifn Thoidsaye,x"ceslhleonwt s bhoook~ to be completely swept off their feet by this surge "Educational Movements of antireligious propaganda. The teacher's task, as it has been truly said, is too sacred a thing for fifty years ago moral and religious truths were a vital part of the public curriculum. But since him to be long led astray. The dawn of the new day is here, and the question is being asked everythat time they have become so secularized that the spiritual has been largely eliminated. Culti- where, what can we do to make our nation Chris- tian? What has education to do with the formavation of the spiritual nature has been shunted tion of character? ~nto a corner. The inference drawn by our youth IS that the courses most worth while are those of a materialistic nature, which have immediate and How Is Christian Character Achieved?

tangible value. Consciously or unconsciously, our What is the Christian character we wish to boys and girls have 'imbibed the notion that mak- achieve? To begin with, Christian character is ing a good living is more important than living a not something that varies with the ethical culture good life. The ideal existence is conceived in the of the nation. It is not the product of the theory terms of material comfort rather than in terms of of relativity in matters of right and wrong. It personal honor, integrity, and truth. cannot be said to be one thing in Russia another thing in Germany or Italy, and still quite a dif- 2. A second important factor in the breakdown ferent thing in England or America. Christian of character is found in that smaIi group of anti- character is a product that is discernible wherreligious and atheistic teachers in universities ever it is found-in Christian or in non-Christian who have rejected religion and who are bent on lands. It has certain earmarks which are common bringing higher education in line with their own to all Christians. True, these appear in varying antireligious attitudes. Says Dr. Squires in the degrees of development in the individual as he book above quoted: These "intellectuals," these leaders of our American grows in grace, but the root of the matter is there "intelligentsia" have in some way gained a wide recogni- just the same. The Christian life is the Christtion as leaders in educational science. They seem to as- centered life; and it is the Christ-way of life. sume a sort of proprietorship over such terms as "scienti~c,:' "modern," and "progressive." Unfortunately public The Christian character is the product of the OpInIOn hardly seems to challenge the assumption. . • . Christ-centered life. Christ has been formed in The most serious element in the situation, however does the life through faith. This is the initial work in not lie with these out-and-out antireligiortists. It lies in Christian character formation. By it we mean the fact that a multitude of public educators are blindly something infinitely more than a mere assent to following the theories which this group have constructed a set of propositions about the Lord Jesus Christ. and which they are diligently promoting. It is really re- It may be described as securing the allegiance of markable how some people deeply loyal 'to religion will

one's inner life to the whole personality of the The life of Christ is more surely transmitted Christ. Such an allegiance brings about a change through the example of Christian men and women in personality, which may be gradual or sudden, than through any other source. Students have a depending largely upon his training in Christian decided tendency to become like those who teach experience. But this change is so radical that them. So the life of the teacher, more than any- Jesus called it the "new birth." The Christian thing that is taught, counts most in building up then, is one who has this inner life born of faith or tearing down Christian character. Too much in Jesus Christ. It is this new life that: gives emphasis cannot be placed upon the personality both motivation to his conduct, and power for the of the teacher. We soon forget what we are accomplishment of his God-given tasks. taught; the influence of the life of the teacher Christian character is not only the product of abides-a hallowed benediction or a painful mem- the Christ-centered life, but it is also the result ory of wasted opportunities. The wealth of our of the Christ-way of life. This new life is pat- Christian institutions of learning does not lie in terned after that of the Master. He bears in his brick and mortar, nor in stocks and bonds, but in body the marks of the Saviour. The norm of the the power of great personalities in the faculty.

Christian character is the character of Jesus Him- All that we have been saying but leads to the self. As we study the character of Jesus there truth: Christian character is as much caught as are at least five outstanding characteristics, five it is taught. It develops through the discipline features that were distinctive, which set Him off of life's experiences under the watchful eye of a from all other men. There was His purity or saintly ,soul.

holiness; His love; His forgiveness; His sacri- Second in importance is the influence of a fice; and His humility. These revealed the pas- Christian curriculum upon character formation.

sion of His heart, and they were exhibited in His Just as the Christian is a Christ-centered person- daily life. In this way He set going forces that ality, so the education that is to produce that have in them the making of a new world. It was character must be Christ-centered. That does not not an overstatement that the historian Lecky mean that the facts of science will receive any made in his "History of European Morals" when the less emphasis; rather the more. But it does he said: "The 'three short years' of the active life determine the approach to truth. To begin with, of Jesus have done more to regenerate and soften it recognizes Divinity in the life of things. It mankind than all the disquisition of philosophers says: "Man's chief end is to glorify God and to and all the exhortations of moralists of all time." enjoy Him forever." It further states: "The It is characters fashioned after this pattern that Word of God which is contained in the Scriptures the world needs today. Such characters our edu- of the Old and New Testament, is the only rule to cational institution should strive to turn out. How direct us how we may glorify and enjoy Him."

can it be done? With these .fixed postulates it moves into every It will be readily admitted, that character build- realm of truth with the full assurance, "Ye shall ing is the most difficult task in our civilization. know the truth and the truth shall make you free."

While we recognize that Christian character is Best of all, it is assured that when young life has largely the product of training, still we are much been properly trained, there will come a time when at sea as to the way human personality develops. that life will long for the Perfect Life about which As we have said, there are so many influences it may be entwined and held, just as naturally as playing upon young life – and they are ever on the vine calls for the pole to be its stay and guide.

the increase – as to make our· efforts uncertain. When the main educational forces of the com- It is just possible there may be two forces for munity-,-the home, the church, the school-unite evil to everyone for good constantly working in this holy cooperative undertaking we may con- against our very best efforts. Both the power of fidently look for the issue-a Christian character, heredity and the influence of environment, over the supreme need of our day.

which we have but little control, may largely nul- lify all the nobler impulses that may be brought to bear on a life. Surely to guide one into the way Divine dynamic has its beginning when men of Christian living requires all the wisdom and have reached their end. Its majesty meets us only consecration one can command. at yonder borderline where in our willing and The most potent influence in the formative working we aremade to pant for breath. Where period of one's life comes through the contact my cunning and my fortunes can do nothing, can- with'Christian parents, teachers and professors. not help, comes my God. KARL BARTH.

Church Can Help' the

By EDGAR M. WAHLBERG, Denver, Colorado Pastor of Grace Community Church and President of the Denver Open Forum .

I N DENVER the now aged Father William H. relation of the Church and the unemployed. Un- O'Ryan is most highly revered for two things: fortunately the Church as a whole does not fea- his long and deep love for his church and his ture in the hardships of those who suffer most. determined struggle in behalf of social justice. Economic need is the major interest of most He did not hesitate to state bluntly the problem of people, and in times of stress economic security unemployment and poverty in relation to religion becomes a single issue. The church must be deep- in a meeting of the Catholic Industrial Confer- ly realistic about this question. At present people ence. He said, "Poverty to St. Francis may have are confused and harassed because they are in an been a holy thing, but to emotional stage and cannot John Smith, unemployed, in balance experience with my parish, with his wife and Continued unemployment, hard facts. The Church must five children it is a far dif- voluntary or involuntary, is a bear its responsibility for ferent thing. Poverty leads menace to the material, moral not having helped the people to the very gates of hell. "to discern this time."

Members are lost, not gained, and spiritual wellbeing of the Universal spiritual recovto the church because of iCnhduivrcidhu. al,Tthhee inSatabtielityandof thaet ery will follow universal eco- least. twelve million workers in pauperism. . . . Oligarchy nomic security based upon a in America shouts democ- America to find healthful em- Christian philosophy and racy to fool the people. This ployment constitutes a real cri- economy where earnings are is the meanest kind of oli- sis that threatens disaster. This for the benefit of many rathgarchy. . . . The Protestant paper, by a pastor who has done er than for the profit of the Church has lost the laboring much to help the unemployed in few. Any attempts at reliman because Protestant min- his own city, gives valuable sug- gious revival apart from this isters have not assisted the gestions that may be found use- position will prove to be unemployed or labor. We ful elsewhere. Some will not futile and eventually will de,. are also losing them because apgorienet, wbiutth atlhleaaguretehotrhaatt seovmerey- stroy Christian faith and thing must be done in harmony we have not been true to our add to the common despair. program. . . . The Catholic 7 Any church that shouts the Church is losing more mem- "Kingdom of God" to fool bers each year than it is tak- with the spirit and teachings of the people is a mean church Jesus Christ, to meet the needs of the hour.

ing in by conversion. . . . and it does not represent the To me, social service is re- Master, who was anointed to ligion." preach "good tidings to the The dilemma of the Church and the masses is poor," and who later proved the validity of His presented by H. Richard Niebuhr in his statement, mission to the imprisoned John the Baptist by re- "There is no effective religious movement among porting that the poor "had good tidings preached the disinherited in America. As a result they to them."

are simply outside the pale of organized Christi- Is the Church taking an active place in the hon- anity." est resentments of life? Are churchmen near Professor H. Paul Douglass says in the Spring- those who are clubbed to death in food riots? Is field Survey, "The churches have run away from the Church aware of the dangers of regimenta- the areas of desperate needs." The preacher who tion of millions to the lowest levels of life? Is was asked to speak before a mass meeting of re- the heart of the Church touched by the misery lief strikers was quite shocked when, as he was and tragedy of the victims of modern selfishness introduced as "Reverend," a worker yelled, "We and stupidity? Is the influence of the Church don't want any religion here." This experience feared by the privileged and selfish classes?

and these statements quite characterize the usual Should the Church be an open door for everyone?

[295 ]

As a rule the language of the Church is un- bodies gave leadership much good was accomfamiliar and means little to the unemployed. Its plished. In Grace Church a Self-Help Cooperaappeal often suggests an obscurantism in which tive in two years, with a small outlay of cash, there is no action. The unemployed recognize two did over $34,000 worth of business in furnishing or three significant needs and are waiting for a actual commodities to the poor. It is clear that revolutionary Christianity which deals with real- men who have no wealth and who do not control ity in accordance with those needs. Major moral the means of production struggle against almost insights are dependent upon human needs. A impossible odds, and as a result this first great middle class society with, fair prospects, from and fundamental urge of the unemployed has been which is drawn the major constituency of the largely dissolved. Church, turns its attention to moral questions of a different type than does a society of people out People turned increasingly to what is apparof work, whose future appears empty and hope- ently the only alternative-relief. Agencies were less. Where profit seeking capitalism increasingly inadequate and distributed relief in monthly sums fails to support the people, middle class people as low as $9.00 per month-$13.00 in Denver. will have to decide whether or not to join the The people could not live on this scale and a secdispossessed in a struggle for a truly Christian ond movement developed involving hundreds of social order; organizations and thousands of members. The main purpose was to demand more adequate relief. One fundamental contribution of any church to These organizations were quite resentful and met the solution of this problem is the maintenance considerable opposition but struck fear into sociof an atmosphere of fair play and a platform ety. Some churches accepted the opportunity to which asserts itself in a policy of true freedom work with them. Night after night hundreds of speech. Only in this way can the church be were turned away from packed meetings at Grace close to people and so come to know and follow Church. Gradually, the Government entered the the way of God. Grace Community Church, Den- field and relief was raised to an average of $30.00 ver, maintains a policy sensitive to people in which a month. every minority and oppressed group may find expression. . Twenty-six different unemployed Unemployed soon found that bombarding relief and workers' organizations count Grace Center as agencies was both unhappy and futile. After all, a regular meeting place. Among them are: relief workers or their organizations were not the Baker's Union, Sheet Metal Workers, Truck Driv- ones that put people out of work. Multitudes hurers and Teamsters, Tramway Employees, Tank ried to other extremes and joined visionary move- Builders, Retail Clerks, Auto Mechanics, A. F. of ments born out of hope. Millions joined the L. Rank and File, Unemployed Cooperatives, In- Townsend Clubs, the Utopian Societies, the Techternational Labor Defense, National Workers Al- nocrats, and other organizations. Much energy liance, Colorado Cooperative, Inc., Townsend was dissipated but may have saved the United Clubs, Utopians, Socialist Party, Technocrats, States from more serious disturbances. Ex-C. W. A. Workers, Poultry Cooperative, Farmers Union, Joint Council of Women's Auxiliaries, Another stage involves two directions—{)ne Good Government Club, Voters Clubs, Workers sound, in which people study their problems and Press Conference, League for Human Freedom, attempt to survey life. The Denver Labor College League Against War and Fascism, Labor College, had three terms this past year with courses in Homesteaders Club, Miner's Cooperative, F. E. Economics, Sociology, NRA, History of Labor, R. A. Workers, Relief Strikers, Consumers Coop- Social Insurance, Labor Law, Dramatics, Systems erative Study Club, Transient Boys Club, Workers of Social Change, Proposed Economic Programs, Boys' and Girls' Clubs, and Mooney-Billings Com- and other courses. The other direction represents mittee. another wild fling, this time behind the glittering generalities of such personalities as Huey Long Churches sensitive to what has happened these and Father Coughlin. This second direction replast five years will note the following develop- resents a grave danger in which America may ments. Immediately after the crash in 1929, un- unwittingly be Hitlerized. employed almost in mass resorted to self-help activities. Many organizations developed in The Constitution of the Workers and Farmers every community—{)ver thirty in the City of Alliance of EI Paso County, Colorado, strikingly Denver. This work proceeded largely without similar to others over the country, represents a public approval and was sometimes discouraged more earnest effort by the unemployed. Incidenby both business and organized labor. Social tally, one of the trusted officers of this Alliance is workers generally ignored this outpouring of co- Rev. John Jorden, of St. Paul's Church, Colorado operative initiative, but where churches and civic Springs. This relationship is typical of hundreds of situations and indicates a part that the church can play. This organization strives to be wholly

HOW THE CHURCH CAN HELP THE UNEMPLOYED

American. The Preamble to the Constitution is activities. In many instances all that is needed well worth reading. is encouragement to develop some significantly helpful and creative interests, including interest Because of the hopeless political situation now confront- in Consumers' Cooperatives. Education should ing the United States, and the fact that our Legislative, be dominant. Ministers should be especially Executive and Judiciary bodies are in constant disagree- aware of workers' education, and should promote ment regarding a workable program to stabalize industry related activities of forums, panels, dramatics, and fulfill the promises of a new deal for the masses: We, music, art, and other avocations. the producing citizens of the nation have found it neces- Excellent work is being done in the field of GRACE CHURCH COOPERATIVE POTATO CAMP workers' education. Preachers need to be in- formed. The purpose of this workers' education sary to organize in sundry groups for self-protection not is: "to foster among workers a better understandonly against entrenched predatory wealth as formerly, ing of economic and social problems, interpreting but also against gross injustice caused by political favor- them in the light of accurate information and of itism in the government agencies entrusted with the dole our own experience; to instruct workers in prinand work relief program for its millions of unemployed ciples of labor organization and in method of victims. . . . building an activ.ely intelligent Labor Movement; to encourage the building of a social order ade- Our meetings will be educational in nature and should quate for all the needs of all the people." follow the lines of economic class interest without advocating any special creed or politics and our aim should be the The pall of many churches in unemployed amalgamation of all useful workers of hand and brain, in neighborhoods is poor church attendance and order that a careful and intelligent mass action may be apparent indifference. Cooperation on the part applied in case of a crisis. of the church to meet the real needs of the people will make the minister a busy person with a hun- dred demands: as a speaker before unemployed groups, an advisor, and a leader in the effort to bring about better conditions.

The church should also strive to be a commu- nity center endeavoring to meet special needs- for recreation, nursery schools, activities to pre- A casual observer will note that the world will A GRACE COMMUNI'IW CHURCH BOYS' CLUB whirl for some time to come. This easily reveals the first opportunity of the Church to the unem- vent juvenile delinquency and help with family ployed. Churches need to open their doors and problems. Grace Church received the following allow space to be used by the people. Churches letter from the Crime Prevention Bureau of in the less fortunate neighborhoods should not be Denver: closed week days. More fortunate churches could well afford to help support strategically located DEAR REV. WAHLBERG: churches of the disinherited as centers for unemployed and workers' activities. Grace Church I wish to use this means of expressing to you my comhouses over 300 different meetings a month. The pliments of the effective work you are doing in your December report of the caretaker is interesting. district. "We have at this time meeting here nine labor unions, sixteen educational and workers' classes, four labor auxiliaries, and fifteen other groups. The chapel and rooms iIi the Community Building, including Children's Work and Boys' and Girls' Clubs, are used 365 times a month, not including the Sunday school where the rooms are used again. The Chapel frequently is used and cleaned as many as four times daily, especially on Saturdays -most of the others twice daily."

A second procedure is to cultivate self-help

From a spot map made in the Juvenile Court, I find It is the experience of the writer that the unemonly one boy's case filed in 1932 and one in 1933 in the' ployed, when confidence is established, turn eagerarea bounded by Broadway, West Colfax and Speer. This ly to the Christian minister for guidance. The is indeed a fact to be proud of. Grace Unemployed Cooperative Arbitration Com- mittee, of which the pastor is a member, has been The work of a community center with the necessary able to settle many disputes and has handed down equipment can never be estimated in dollars. Our delin- many interesting decisions. The Church can win quency problem would be practically wiped out if we had many of these people to Christ if, in addition to a sufficient number of such institutions as the Grace Com- shouting the Kingdom of God, it also uses its munity Church. influence to build up the Kingdom and to share its blessings with the workers. Trusting that your good work will continue, I am Respectfully, A labor union took over the job of decorating EDMUND C. YOUNG, Grace Church in which twenty-one unemployed painters donated most of their time until the job Bureau of Probation and Delinquency Prevention. was completed. Asked why union labor was will- ing to work without pay the union boss replied, The Church must give meaning to its social "We men like to help a good cause. A church GOSPel pronouncements if it hopes to win the that is doing the work of your church deserves unemployed to Christ. To announce that the the best. If we had left our job half done, we Church is committed to fair wages and better would always have felt guilty. We just have to working conditions and at the same time to ignore play fair with these boys and girls. And a fellow the plight of workers in any particular neighbor- is willing to do most anything when he is apprehood is a glaring contradiction which indicates ciated. Most folks, it seems, find it a lot easier insincerity. Church people as a rule have no true to damn us and misunderstand us. Here, we have idea of such things as socialism, corporations, seen with our own eyes a real service, and have labor unions, strikes, lockouts, and other social felt a real Christian appreciation of humanity. concepts that are constantly met in this world. You can't turn that down. It ain't profits. folks The unemployed are often more anxious about wants, it's life." finding something good in the Church· than is the Church itself. Religious interest is riot highly developed in the masses. Nevertheless, they are keenly sensitive to a common language that bespeaks fellowship in the struggle to iive.

Juvenile Criminals and the Church By HOMER L. DICKERSON, Nickerson, Nebraska j there is no such thing as "an average juvenile delinquent," we maintain that in the majority of THERE are few social problem~, today of more cases these characteristics are found. Just as we interest than that of crime. _any plans are have what we term the average American citizen offered for its solution. Some may work but so we note the characteristics of the average many are hopeless. There is one thing certain, juvenile delinquent. He may be described as folhowever, that if we can stop juvf!nge delinquency lows: the larger problem of crime is s~lved. How to do this has thus far batHed those'most interested. He is 18 years of age and unmarried. He is a Some believe criminals are born to be at odds nominal member of a church that he never atwith society. Others say that any child born into tends. (See table 2.) His mother and father the environment out of which delinquents come, are of foreign birth and do not speak the English is doomed to spend his life fleeing from the law. language well. (See table 1.) He has been raised in a home in which there has been serious trouble On the basis of an investigation of a modern due either to -divorce or death of his parents., reformatory, we make certain suggestions as to (Sixty-one of the boys did not live with both of what the Church can do about the solution of their parents.) This average delinquent has this problem. always lived in a poverty-stricken home situated in a tenement district of a large city. There are For convenience and clarity we include a chart seven in the family and some of his brothers have of two and have summed up the dominant char- been in trouble with the authorities. The boy did acteristics of the 100 boys and included them in what we call the average delinquent. While we readily admit the weakness of this method, since

JUVENILE CRIMINALS AND THE CHURCH

not like school and often played truant. He began ous to mention. Each situation has its own soluschool at the age of six and left at fourteen after tion; the main thing is that the minister take completing the seventh grade. His mental age an interest in such boys. is approximately ten years and eight months. This young man has repeated at least one grade The program of the Boy Scouts should also in school. Since then he has had two jobs and appeal to boys. Yet our survey shows that only worked on each on the average of nine months at three had membership in that organization. While $16.98 a week. He was unemployed at the time certain phases of the Boy Scout movenie]J.t may he committed the crime for which he was sent to not always appeal, yet the whole program is the Reformatory. His leisure time was spent in flexible enough to be adjusted to many needs. The loafing. Prior to his present committal he has great difficulty' is to get leaders. Here the minbeen convicted of four crimes. ister can be of great help, through appealing to his men to give their time in taking care of a What Can the Church Do? Scout patrol of potential delinquents.

In making recommendations as to what the The Prevention of Delinquency minister can do to aid in the rehabilitation of these boys, first let us consider the position of the Weare not concerned alone in rehabilitating minister in the community. boys but rather in preventing them from becom- ing delinquent. The natural question is what He is the man especially trained to guide those can the minister do about the boy whose parents forces which build character. While it is not cannot speak English freely? It seems only reanecessary or wise, that he be the head of such sonable that he use his influence to obtain social organizations as the Y. M. C. A., the Boy Scouts workers who speak both languages and know and other leisure-time agencies, he should be in both cultures, to act as foster parents to both the constant contact with them and should aid in young man and his parents. If this can not be making their influence felt in the community. Ac- done an effort can be made to obtain members of cording to this survey the Y. M. C. A. and the his church willing to "take" a foreign-speaking Boy Scouts have played little or no part in the family and help to orient them to their new envilives of these boys. Only two have attended the ronment. He can open his church to classes in "Y" and three the Boy Scouts. Such a situation adult education. should not exist. Certainly the recreational program of the "Y" should appeal to the thousands In facing the problem of the school we find it of potential delinquents. Despite the fact that particularly difficult. Our survey shows that 73 per cent of the boys came from cities where overwhelming numbers of the boys studied have the Y. M. C. A. is operating, only two per cent had difficulty in school, many at a very early age. were regular attendants. The ministers can aid in The survey also shows that the majority of the getting boys who need the "Y" into its recrea- boys were below the average mental level. Taking tional classes. It is probable that the apparent all these things into consideration it seems wise, failure of the "Y" is not due to any desire on its that when this situation is known to exist, we part to serve only those of the more favored should adapt our educational standards to meet classes, but rather due to a lack of financial and the needs of this group. They have proven their moral support from those whom the minister can mental handicap, and to continue trying to make reach. Putting it more plainly, the delinquent them measure up to the old recognized educational very often cannot pay for membership. Neither standards simply fosters truancy. Many people can the "Y." Some one else must do it. The today believe truancy to be the threshold of a minister, working in cooperation with the "Y" criminal career. The minister once convinced of secretary, could help in getting his church mem- the necessity of teaching the manual arts to those bers to subscribe toward free memberships for who have difficulty in mastering textbook knowlsuch boys as these. edge should use his influence with the school au- thorities to provide these children with opportuni- The minister should be one to greet the boy ties t(')· develop their talents along the lines of upon his return from the reform school. He their abilities. can act as the one to whom the boy can go for guidance. It would be worth while· for him to The writer is not qualified to offer a perfect see that the young man is immediately given a educational program. Modern educators are free membership in the "Y" and that he be per- working on this and in many cases are doing a mitted to join other clubs provided for him. He fine piece of work. Some examples are the project might prevail upon a member of his church to method, platoon or opportunity classes and trainact as a Big Brother to the boy. The avenues ing in the manual arts. These programs are built the minister can open to help him are too numer- to fit the needs of the pupils. The greatest ob- stacle to that kind of training comes from the

adults who have been through the old system, and ing minister. The laboring man should under- are convinced of its merits and resent any change. stand that the Christian religion functioning If they had the new system explained to them, properly will obtain for him the very thing he many would approve it. The Parent-Teacher As- wants most; that is, a chance to live life at its sociation is an excellent organization for foster- best.

ing understanding between the parent and the Having said all this, the natural question arises teacher. The minister can offer very practical how can a minister find time to do all these things ? help toward this understanding by becoming an One minister may not be able to do it alone but active supporter of this organization and advising groups of ministers, planning together can do the his church members to do the same. work effectively. It is admittedly a hard task. Reformatory officers believe their plan of keep- Some people may be poor and others rich, some live in tenements and others in mansions, some ing every waking moment of the boy's days full of are in conflict with the laws and others obey them, activity, is responsible for their comparatively but all must be served by the Christian minister. small number of disciplinary problems. The His task is to coordinate these diverse groups so Christian minister can learn much from their ex- that the fortunate and the unfortunate will live perience. Many modern communities have very together in harmony, and all will be given an opfew other than commercial amusements for youth. portunity to enjoy the abundant life found in Motion picture shows soon become tiresome, many Jesus Christ. are unwholesome and the boys do not have the money to pay for these amusements. They must TABLE 1 get their recreation some place. Why not in the church? Most of our churches are now used THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL AND THE CHURCH only one or two days a week. It is possible that a Place of Birth Fathers Mothers minister, working with his men could organize United States ……………….. . 44 41 clubs as leisure-time activities, varied enough to Italy ……………………….. . 22 18 appeal to the taste of most of the young people in Poland ……………………… . 8 10 the community. Each local situation should be Czecho-Slovakia ………………. . 3 3 Germany ……………………. . 3 3 planned in accordance with its own needs. Ireland ……………………… . 2 4 Such a program should interest these boys in Russia ……………………… . 2 4 the worship service of the church. There are England ……………………. . 1 1 some who doubt the efficiency of church attend- Australia ……………………. . 1 2 ance as a crime deterrent. A recent report from Lithuania …………………… . 1 1 Scotland ……………………. . 1 1 one reformatory reveals that there is a strong Wales ……………………… . 1 o correlation between church attendance before Haiti ………………………. . o 1 commitment and success on parole, and a still West Indies …………………. . 1 1 stronger link between church attendance while on Ukraine …………………….. . 1 o parole and success. 91 91 CHURCH ATTENDANCE PRIOR TO COMMITMENT Dead (Nationality not known) .. 9 9 Regular ………. 2 failing out of 26 ( 8 per cent) Total 100 100 Irregular ……… 35 failing out of 216 (16 per cent) None .; ……….. 15 failing out of 42 (36 per cent) TABLE 2 CHURCH ATTENDANCE ON PAROLE THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL AND THE CHURCH Regular ………. 2 failing out of 77 ( 3 per cent) Attendance Irregular ……… 29 failing out of 169 (17 per cent) None …………• 23 failing out of 41 (56 per cent) Church Reg- Fre- Sel- Never Membership ular quent dom Ministers cannot obtain work for all the unem- 45 ployed. They can do much, however, to improve Roman Catholic 63 8 1 9 7 the situation. Ample opportunities offer them- 1 4 selves to a minister for making employers more MPArfeertsihcboaydntiesrtBiaaEnpptiis.sct.o.p..a.l ….. 13 0 0 5 5 conscious of the needs of the employees. The 6 0 3 Christian social message from the pulpit should 6 0 1 1 1 be practical enough and so pointed that no em- 2 2 ployer can mistake the practical application. A 0 0 1 '0 modern minister should let the employees in his 0 1 parish know that he understands their· problems Hebrew ………….. 0. 3 0 0 0 and can offer practical advice and help. Labor organizations need the influence of an understand- African Methodist …. 3 0 0 Greek Catholic …….. 2 0 0 Baptist …….. ~ ………. 1 0 1 Dutch Reformed …… 0 .. 1 0 0 Totals ……………. 98 11 2 17 68 The 99th boy stated he was a Protestant but never at- tended. The 100th boy was not a member of any church and never goes. These figures were taken from the boys' own statements.

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II Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO IN THE PROGRAM BUILD- to be used in the year opening in is one of the slogans of the new September, the n thoroughly day. ER'S WORKSHOP study them with your local groupings in mind. If possible, 4. Try to give every person in The "convenient season" for attend a summer conference your organization or group building programs is now upon where the new material is ex- something to do in the line of his us and missionary planners ploited. aptitude. All should work, learn, should take advantage of the fa- pray, give; but why hamper the cilities which summer affords 2. Ca,ter to appetites in the expression of truth by asking for that important bit of church matter of variety and pleasing Moses to make a speech or construction. The plans, speci- flavor. Don't serve the new Aaron to lead a multitude? It fications and blueprints for the things in the same old ways of might well be the task of a definew Home Mission studies are last year. Cast the material in nite committee to find not a but not yet available for your De- the form of p I a y s, pageants, the job for every member. Repartment Editor inasmuch as original dramatizations of the member that aptitudes which naher "mansions" are, like those in study books and leaflets, cos- ture has dyed in the wool can't Dr. Gordon's famous dream, tumed impersonations, visualiza- be faded out in the wash. "strictly limited by the material tions, object lessons, debates, sent up from below," namely, discussions, book reviews, mov- 4. Direct all study or inforsupplied in summer conferences ing and stereopticon pictures, mation into the channel of some and schools of mission study. capitalization of special days and expressional projec.t which shall An abundance of detailed plans events, exhibitions, demonstra- conserve instead of evaporating will be ready for our readers a tions, expressional projects for emotional energy. We learn little later. Meanwhile founda- hand, mind and pocketbook-all about this or that people in order tions may be laid according to the kaleidoscopic colorings for to do for them. the fundamental principles enu- truth which this Department has merated in this issue, and some tried to pass on from its con- 5. Use new charts. Find new specific plans of value are given stituency from month to month. machinery. Steer new courses. herewith. Sharpen up your Write to The Religious Motion But never lose sight of or subortools! Picture Foundation, 140 Nassau dinate the unchanging goal of St., New York City, for its cata- salvation through Jesus Christ On the Ground Floor log covering the widest variety for the whole world. Social of moving pictures available at service is a good means to the 1. Adapt plans to age-require- an insignificant price, if you can end; but it must never be misment and type of mind. For- possibly arrange to buy or bor- taken for the end. A unique iltunately m 0 s t denominational row a projector (s eve r a I lustration of adaptation of old agencies for missionary educa- churches sharing the same in- means to new conditions is aftion bring out annually courses strument, as in some friendly forded by the project called and programs prepared by ex- communities) . Study variety perts familiar with pedagogy and utilize the imagination. Cooperation Between the and current needs. "What is sauce for the goose" is no longer 3. Make sure you serve up P. T. A. and Church Schools considered "sauce for the gan- worthful material, not froth and der," as was formerly the case flavor meant as appetizers. Use The following article is contribin making up missionary pro- materials provided in the United uted by Mrs. J. D. Burton, Disgrams . for men and women, Mission Study Courses, supple- trict President of the Tennessee adults and children. But even mented by your specific denom- Congress of Parents and Teachwell-graded material needs to be inational plans and amplified by ers in the Sixth District: adapted locally, and this requires at least one independent publicagenuine work on the part of tion such as THE REVIEW, which The early history of education leaders. First write your de- sees beyond the boundaries of in Tennessee is the story of the partment of missionary educa- the various communions into the. early academies, in the main tion or the literature secretary Land of Universal Brotherhood private schools taught usually by for all the plans and materials and Cooperation. "Togetherism" ministers who had come into the communities for purposes of [301 ] evangelization. At that time these church schools were looked

upon as "foreign enterprises" Is it not possible that Mrs. Similar themes but much and the teachers as having nothing in common with the com- Burton has, in the foregoing, simpler ones must be used munities in which the schools outlined one of the "next steps" among junior groups. Are the were located and no cooperation with the public schools. This is in Home Missions? foregoing too hard for the averno longer true, and the leaders Instead of a "Preachment" age minister or his membership? in the private church schools The study necessary for adeand in the public schools have by the pastor or a program by quate discussion will in itself be learned to work together. It is unifying education and public the laity, why not have an occa- one of the high values of the sentiment in the Cumberland sional forum? Due to changes project. Do we "tremble for Mountains. The church schools today are rendering a fine serv- in psychology as well as current the ark of the Lord," fearing to ice in Christian education and pedagogy, this method of releas- "unsettle" our church folk? are pursuing the method of cooperation with other groups in ing information is becoming in- Most of the m, particularly the region. The leadership of the two lines finds a common creasingly popular, particularly among the younger generation, m€eting ground in the Parent- Teacher Association Movement among the educated folk inclu- .have already raised the questions which serves the home, school sive of the younger people (but and guidance in their thinking and community. It is nonsectarian and nonpartisan. Much then don't we remember the ex- will tend to clarify rather than is being accomplished in the way of coordination of e f for t. citing debates in "the little old to unsettle. This guidance is one Through this method public and private educators meet in joint red schoolhouse" of our youth ?) . of the major tasks of wide-awake deliberation as to ways in which From Stanley Jones' round table pastors and leaders and will be their programs can be coor- discussions in India even to suc- a direct contribution toward the dinated for the good of all. This involves unification of effort, co- cessful American evangelism, missionary cause. ordination of endeavor and economy of expenditure. pro and con discussions under a The forum method is particu- larly adapted to the considera- The Sixth District of the Ten- leader who holds the reins firmly tion of subject matter in our nessee Congress of Parents and to direct and to prevent a run- new Home Mission study books, away seem to fit the mood of the outstanding among which for Teachers is composed of seven adults is "Toward a Christian counties in the heart of the Cum- present generation. Given a America: The Contribution of berland Mountains. There are live topic, a skilful leader, a Home Missions," by Hermann N. Morse. (Cloth, $1.00; paper, 406 public schools in the district. small group of round-table talk- 60 cents.) An idea of its con- The problem of isolation is a ers who know how to talk, and tents and of the debatable ma- permission for a later free-for- terial may be gained from the large one in a number of places. chapter headings: all from the floor, with a definite Church schools are maintained time limit, such discussions I. Home Missions and the Chrishere by the Congregational, the among persons of any age above tian Ideal for America. Methodist Episcopal, the Meth- the grammar grades may prove II. Home Missions Reach Out. odist Episcopal South and the most fertile. They may even III. Home Missions Come of Age. Presbyterian churches, all oper- furnish a good Sunday evening ating under the boards and agencies of these denominations. service for the harassed pastor who preaches himself hoarse to The method followed is to have the private 'schools as members a handful. IV. Home Missions Take Stock of of the P. T. A. Movement, and to have their leaders participate in In these days of doubt as to the Present. the need of Foreign Missions, V. Evangelization-the Need. the Sixth District Conference of VI. Evangelization-the Means. the State P. T. A. Leaders of why not arrange a forum to ex- VII. Home Missions and Social Wel- ploit such live topics as these: public schools meet and make fare. contact with leaders of church schools in this way, thus pro- Have Foreign Missions outlived VIII. The Ministry of Service. moting mutual understanding of their usefulness? Are we justified in IX. Can Christians Cooperate?

viewpoints and needs. The joint diverting funds so badly needed at X. The Promise and Its Fulfilefforts are eliminating many ob- home to present the Gospel to an un- ment. stacles to the educational development of the region through willing people filled with the national- This study is most timely. Its istic spirit? the P. T. A. program. Can western Christianity be grafted keynote was sounded at the In- on to Oriental civilizations? Or are not their own reformed and modern- ternational Missionary Council ized religions better suited to the back- in its meeting at Jerusalem, by grounds and needs of Orientals? R. H. Tawney, when he said: Will not Buddhism be adequate if "You cannot at once preach the revamped by Christianity? religion of Christianity and practice the religion of material Is any Oriental religion or philos- success, which is the creed of a ophy sufficient for personal salvation?

"By their fruits"-a comparison of twenty centuries under Christianit"y great part of the western world with a similar period under any non- Christian religion or philosophy. and is the true competitor of Christianity for the allegiance May the sacred writings of Bud- of mankind." The 1935-36 dhists or Confucianists be considered their Old Testament, on which to graft studies face up to this fact and the Christian New Testament? To what extent may we now with- study the remedy. After the program builder has read one or draw our support in money and mis- sionaries from mission churches? more of the books written for

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING'

our consideration, forum topics colors and consequent denial of equal- expressed in His commands to His ity in opportunity. followers? (The devotional service will suggest themselves, espe- may well feature these commands.) Disproportional spending upon ourcially when the study is linked selves in building churches and educa- PUTTING THE "I" INTO "FRONup with the book of two years tional plants to the neglect of the less ago, "Christianity and Industry privileged. TIERSMEN"

in America," by Alva W. Taylor. War the traditional method of set- This program may either be given tling disputes. illustrated with the blackboard or a (Price the same as for current chart on which the letter "i" has been books.) Some general discus- Food raised in abundance and de- placed, that letter being enclosed in a sion topics might well be: stroyed, while many are in bread lines. ring in each of the suggested words , Personal expenditure on trivialities and neglect of missionary benevo- Has social service a legitimate place lences. What can you find in the written by the speaker as her theme in Home Mission study and endeavor, spirit and daring of the Pioneer that develops – "p art i e s," "m 0 vie s," or should we confine ourselves exclu- can be used by us as we plan a Chris- "t h rill s," "selfishness," "laziness," sively to evangelistic effort? tian solution in crossing these "open "service," "faith," "industry," etc., frontiers"? treating the large capital "I" in the Can the needs of village or town be same way; or two cards about 8×10 better met by a community church List the qualities or characteristics may be prepared with lower case "i" than a variety of denominational or- of Jesus which you think would be on one and the capital on the other, ganizations? needed by the Christian youth of to- two speakers giving the talk so that day who would enlist in this crusade? one may handle the undesirable and A study of "cooperatives." the other the desirable qualities. In- (The word "pioneer" is used several stead of being written at the time, as American Christianity and a mech- times in Moffatt's translation of the meIttioned previously, the words might anized civilization. New Testament. See Acts 3: 14 and be prepared beforehand and circled Heb. 12: 2.) with red as discussed. Capitalism and Christianity.

Cooperation vs. competition.

The new Home Mission Frontiers.

WHAT ARE THE NEEDS OF HUMANITY? Speaker says the letter "i" repre- Sample Programs This study is to guide young people sents you and me-small and insig- nificant as we feel sometimes, so that The study of frontiers is a in discovering the common needs of we think it makes no difference what particularly helpful one among humanity around the wo~ld and help we do or say. So we put this "i" into the problems of the day. Where "movies," "thrills," etc., and get so are they? What type of leader- them become aware of the human engrossed in putting it into "good ship do they demand? What times" that we forget to use it anysupport can we render from the values to which Christianity has given where else. So long as we do that, it home base? Suggestive program will remain small "i," for it will find captions might be: Trails across emphasis in dealing with the problems its way into "selfishness," "indiffer- Frontiers; Trail Breakers; A ence," etc., and even, perhaps, into Christian Guide for the New of the world's needs. Ask the ques- "unbelief." As none of us wish to re- Frontiers; Scouting for the main "i" all our lives, we must study Kingdom in the Homeland; tion of the topic and list replies on the to put the "i" into "service," "faith," Christianity at the Crossroads in "trustworthiness," "generosity," "kind- 1935; Rediscovering America. blackboard. Leader of the discussion ness," "stewardship," "worship" and This Department is indebted to similar activities, in the course of the Disciples' publications for then directs the group thinking to the which it will grow and become large. packets of literature furnishing (Draw large "I," or second person studies on Frontiers, for young conclusion that we all need about the comes forward with card.) people. Programs might well be built on the topics and subtopics same things, regardless of geography, Many "I's" have become great by of which the following are ex- being put into "frontiersmen" who go amples: race or color; that some races in our forth with faith in God and man to some worthwhile task. There are GUIDEPOSTS THAT POINT THE WAY own land would have their needs met many worthy frontiers. Let us dis- cuss some sponsored by the Church- Jesus Christ the Supreme Pioneer. if we as Christians shared with them the field· of missions. Modern Guideposts Dis reg a r d more fairly; that the nations of the Boundary Lines of Tradition or Race. (The ensuing portion of the pro- To the Frontier of Life Work. world would enjoy a different standard gram includes short talks by several To That of Racial Understanding. members who give sketches of pioneers To World Peace. of living if Christians set out with a in various fields, either of their own To Law Enforcement. denomination or the world at large- To Foreign Lands. determination to share as they have Whitman, Grenfell, John Mason Peck, Call to a Crusade to Cross and Pos- been blessed. ' William Carey, Adoniram Judson, sess Open Frontiers. etc.) The common needs: A good Chris- Some of us would like to substitute tian home; a sound body; a chance the letter "u" for "i" in "frontiers," but it does not work. We cannot turn for, an education; an opportunity to over our responsibility to others with- out halting progress. work; wholesome recreation; friends *** and neighbors; worship and fellow- ship in church. God has a plan for each of us and Institutions through which our needs are met: Home, school, library, church, park, places of entertainment, hospital, stores, banks.

What is expected of each individual if these institutions are to function and meet the needs of the people?

Each person should contribute by (a) Living and sharing as a good cit- izen, regardless of race or color; (b) Working and sharing by giving of the particular ability that is his in con- tributing to his fellow man.

Do your fundamental needs differ from those of others in your commu- nity? Your nation? The world?

OPEN FRONTIERS Why? it is our duty to make the most of the "Frontiers are not East or West, Compare the community in which talents and opportunities He gives us, North or South, but wherever a man you live with. those of mission fields knowing well that the frontiers He fronts a fact." (home or foreign) of which you have appoints for us to develop will enable A Survey of the Facts: studied. Think of the different races us to render a worthwhile service and in the U. S.-Negroes, Orientals, Mex- to find genuine happiness. We know Freedom of youth to make its plans icans, etc., and say whether they have that He will not fail to put the "I" and choose its life work. the privileges which you have. that is Himself into the word: "Thou Common attitude of white people As Christian youth, in what ways hast been faithful in little things, that of superiority to other races or can you carry out Christ's ideals as enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~,===–===–=-======–=-===-===-====—====,~ WATCH AND PRAY before my mouth; Keep the door by Senorita Laura Jorquera of of my lips." Santiago, Chile. The theme is Recently, an exiled German "On Earth Peace, Goodwill To- Recently, Pope Pius XI led his ward Men." Senorita J orquera Christian leader answered the people in praying that the war writes: question, What can we do now makers in the world might be scattered. The implication of Close upon three thousand years for the German people? by say- such praying is that cooperation ago, a prophet of Israel laughed deing quietly – "Too late, too late, risively, saying: "They see visions of with God, our Heavenly Father, peace, and there is no peace" (Ezekiel for the practical help which in prayer and action would 13: 16). And his bitter words have hasten the day when, as Isaiah rung through the years, and are bewould have come if the allies of foretold-"justice shall dwell in ing constantly repeated in the same the last war had granted but a the wilderness; and righteous- derisive tones today. little armament and had pro- ness shall abide in the fruitful ceeded to disarm in their own field. And the work of righteous- All things to the contrary notwithcountries but a little. And now ness shall be peace; and the ef- standing, we believe in and we work fect of righteousness, quietness and we pray for the advent of peace I can only say 'w a t chand and confidence forever." And among the nations, for goodwill there shall be no more war! among men. Pray.''' The implications of his During Holy Week, the presi- "Watch and Pray" are that dents of the Federal Council of Does anyone ask if working friends will keep steadfast and the Churches of Christ in Amer- for peace is home missions? Annot curse another people; also, ica, the American Section of the swer: What price home missions that prayer may bring wisdom Universal Christian Council, the if the world goes to war? how best to help. Do we "watch World Alliance for Internaand pray" that our own national tional Friendship through the Study and Act Rightly leaders, especially in public affairs, be given wisdom? An Months and years have gone American Christian I e a d e r startled a group by praying for Churches, and the International into the study now offered in the Mr. Hitler that he should "look upon his own people with com- Missionary Council, sent out a new home mission study text passion, and thus find wisdom world-wide call to prayer for "Toward a Christian America," for the next steps." Have we peace "To All Who Love Our by Hermann N. Morse. A discusprayed for Hitler? "Lord we believe. Help thou our unbelief." Lord Jesus Christ." Written at sion outline to be used in con- A communication dated March a time when "the spectre of war nection with the study of "To- 28, 1935, from the Woman's Disarmament Committee of Inter- again haunts the world" and ward a Christian America" has llational Organizations wit h when "today the world for which been prepared by Kenneth Dexheadquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, sent an appeal to the Jesus Christ died seems ready to ter Miller, pastor of the Presbywomen of the entire world "to remain calm in the face of the crucify Him afresh," the appeal· terian Church, Madison, N. J. complications and anxieties of the present hour." It begs them urges upon all Christians to Determined effort to bridge any not to circulate alarming and unsubstantial reports, but on the pray for peace in every public chasms existing among the contrary, never forgetting the interdependence of nations, to service, and in their homes; also young, the somewhat older, and keep intact their faith in the ideal of international coopera- that "in our own lives we so older church members is back tion. Do we "circulate alarming and unsubstantial reports" and truly have the spirit of peace of the other texts – "Christian so add to the general disorder? With the Psalmist, may we pray that we can be co-workers with Youth in Action" by Frank W. now, "Set a watch, 0 Jehovah, God in building a peaceful Herriott, and "What Will You world." Do About It?" by Frank W. Her- The next World Day of riott and Sue Weddell.

Prayer for Missions sponsored Will you also seriously con- by the Committee on Women's sider if last year's study of "Th~ Work of the Foreign Missions Oriental in American Life" has Conference, and the Council of changed prevalent attitudes to- Women for Home Missions will ward Japanese, Filipinos, and be on the first Friday in Lent, Chinese? Are our hom e s, February 28, 1936. The pro- churches, and communities gram for 1936 has been prepared changed because we studied?

[304 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOM;E MISSIONS

God forbid that it could have into Christian ways of life, and He applied to the agency for such a job. There were no jobs just then. been only a passing show! true American citizenship. He wanted to be kept busy, he would The Lost Generation of At a recent meeting of the In- do some painting anyway if the dian Committee of the Home agency would furnish the paint. The agency had no paint to furnish. Joe American Indian Youth Missions Councils this question hung around the reservation. Futility, was discussed. It was sug- boredom, the ridicule of the old people The lost generation of Indian gested that missionaries among -well, drinking helped to get through Americans is the present one. the Indians should be supplied the day. Joe started to drink, first Here and there are bright areas with good books on anthropol- once in a while, then whenever he where Indian boys and girls are could get some one to pay for it, or having the opportunities to "life, ogy, as for instance "The Amer- get an odd job for enough to buy a liberty, and the pursuit of hap- ican Indian" by Clark Wissler; drink. piness," but over and around the few bright areas are storm "The Indians of Today," by Schools and communities clouds of suspicion, animosities, George Bird Grinnell; "The where a staff of Religious Eduheated arguments, and the de- Story of the American Indian," cation Directors is now being struction of life processes by the maintained by the Indian Compersons and groups who should by Paul Radin. "Facing the Fu- mittee of the Home Missions ture in Indian Missions" by Mer- Councils: riam and Hinman, and the lat- ter's study, "Indian Americans instead give life energy to con- and Christian Missions" are still Albuquerque and Santa Fe, New Mexico. Number of students enrolled: structive measures. Even church available. "Indians at Work," Albuquerque, 690; Santa Fe, 487. groups during the storm have issued by the Office of Indian Flandreau, South Dakota. Students, given less and less Christian Affairs, is available on request 450. leadership and money for reli- from the Department of Interior, Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kan- gious education work among In- Washington, D. C. Sas. Students, 675.

dian students. They have grown In the present liquor situation Lac du Flambeau, Wi s con sin. weary in well-doing or they too in the U. S. A., Christian citizens Largely community work where pupils are in public schools. argue about matters which living near Indian neighbors can Salem Indian School, Chemawa, should be secondary to the reli- be of service in preventing ex- Oregon. Students, 300. gious training of these potential Sherman Institute, Riverside, Calileaders of a minority group of ploitation of "the lost genera- fornia. Students, 658. tion." Merriam in "Facing the American citizens. Future in Indian Missions" The educational policy of the From the March number of p(}i,nts out that originally Indians Government is concerned with Indian Truth, published by the were not distillers of liquor. "An building up family-and-commu- Indian Rights Association, the Indian with a little money is a nity life for Indian people. The good customer for the illegal dis- seven schools in which the staff following is ~uoted : is at work will continue. Sev- eral other large high schools When the Wheeler-Howard bill be- penser.. . Prohibition has came a law June 18, 1934, it author- brought a new set of problems. have asked for religious educa- ized .appropriation of $12,500,000 al- Ever since 1802 the Federal Gov- tion directors. The opportunity though not one penny was actually ernment has attempted to con- for mission enterprises of a made available. community type, such as at Lac trol the sale of liquor to ward The Budget estimates as submitted Indians . . . the bootlegger du Flambeau, is increasing. to Congress carried the following items for operating the Wheeler- takes advantage of open coun- Howard Act: Revolving Credit Fund try." And the people are de- With more cooperation of church $5,000,000 or one-half the amount authorized; .for land acquisitions $1,000,~ stroyed! g r 0 ups and individuals, the OOO-<me-haif. of the aut h 0 r i zed One of the directors on the Home Missions Councils are amount; for student educational loans staff of the Home Missions Coun- ready to serve more adequately $175,000c-which is $75;000 below the cils wrote recently: the Indian youth of today. authorization; and for expenSe. of tribal organizations, $250,000 -the Joe comes from a reservation in Bright Areas original authorization. South Dakota. South Dakota is mostly As Congress specifically authorized farming country. In times of drouth Young Indian Wedding: "Not certain appropriations to carry out the there are no .crops. When there are no provisions of the act, it would seem to crops there are no fobs, and no money. long ago a couple of our fine be in duty bound to at least accept the From Joe's home to the nearest well young people expressed their de- budget estimates; otherwise any fail-' of water was a walk of over a mile. sire to be married. Both were ure to secure the results expected can-. :.Joe's father and mother did not care graduates from the Sherman Innot be charged against theadminis:,J' ·much any more. Joe went away to a dian Institute. The young man trative officers. ;' . . . r 'vocational school. Painting seemed to fit him best, and he was good at it. is employed at the Institute on One controversial mat t e r Not particularly gifted as a leader, the farm. As they wanted a Joe was. nevertheless cooperative and quiet wedding we were delighted which limits advance in religious community minded. The staff de- pended' on his support in student ac- to have them choose our home work is the advantages and dis- tivities. Then at his graduation, Joe for the occasion. advantages of recognizing the' went back to the reservation. If ever best in the old' Indian culture a place needed paint it was Joe's own "On the morning of the chosen and customs and using these best home. But the old people grinned. day the bride brought arm loads where was the money to buy paint? elements as bases for growth of wildflowers to decorate the

fireplace. Red candles- were College where they have been Hitherto the Commission on Interplaced on the mantle in accord- students for two years, living at ance with their wish. Lovely racial Cooperation has taken no posisprays of apricot blossoms com- Sherman Institute and earning tion relative to federal anti-lynching their board and room by render- legislation. We were agreed that the primary responsibility for the preven- pleted the decorations. ing twelve hours' work each tion and punishment of lynching rested upon state officials and courts, week. and that, in the last analysis, public Both girls are making very opinion was largely the determining good records in their studies be- factor. Consequently, the Commission from its inception has worked contin- ing on the honor roll. They are uously along these lines, seeking anti- planning to become teachers of lynching legislation in a number of states, urging vigorous preventive measures when lynchings were threat- ened, asking effective court action ,.Ilgainst the members of mobs, and at the same time seeking through all possible avenues of publicity and edu- cation to build up a public opinion that would no longer tolerate crimes of this character.

Lynching records of the last fifteen years indicate progress along the line of prevention. Officers generally are more vigilant than formerly in the protection of prisoners, thereby re- ducing the lynching toll. Meantime intelligent public opinion is practically unanimous in condemnation of mob "By eight o'clock in the eve- violence. On the contrary, with rare excep- ning a few close friends and be- tions, attempts at prosecution in lynch- ing cases continue to be futile. In loved teachers had arrived. The nearly every case the community hyssoft light of the candles and the teria which gives rise to a lynching open fire shed a mellow welcome. makes impossible any effective court "As the music began, the EUNICE LYNN action against the perpetrators of the bride, dressed in blue, and wear- crime. Consequently, in not one case ing a bouquet of violets, came in ten is an effective effort made by quietly in on the arm of the tall the authorities to identify and proseyoung groom. As the age-old cute the members of lynching mobs.

service proceeded the look of Home Economics. Both have Even in the rare cases in which such earnest reverence on their faces been active in the Christian efforts have been made indictments was indeed beautiful. And as work at Sherman, being Church have seldom been obtained, and conthey knelt in the firelight for the School teachers and leaders in victions have usually proved impos- various activities. closing blessing a prayer as- sible. ACT AGAINST LYNCHING Disappointed by this record of imcended from each of our hearts that they might be kept for many potence on the part of state and local officials, the Commission has reluchappy years of usefulness." tantly been forced to the conclusion that little is to be expected from this Eunice Lynn and Viola Meroney are both graduates with Of great interest not only to source, at least in the immediate fuhonor from Sherman Institute, those church groups and indi- ture, and that an appeal to the feda Government Indian Trade viduals who have endorsed a fed- eral courts in such cases is justified school. Both girls graduate this eral anti-lynching law but also and demanded by the conditions. spring from the Riverside Junior to those who have hesitated to do so is the following statement, The Commission favors, therefore, which comes from the Commis- the enactment of federal legislation sion on Interracial Cooperation, to this end, in the hope that federal agents and courts would be in better position to act fearlessly and effec- tively in the prosecution of partici- , Atlanta, Ga. This organization pants in the crime of lynching.

represents thoughtful and con- During the months since J an- scientious men and women, uarY,when the Costigan-Wagner white and Negro, from the four- Anti-Lynching Bill was intro- teen Southern states. Its mem- duced, multitudes of church peo- bership is composed largely of ple throughout the country have church leaders and educators gone on record in its favor. The whose wide knowledge of condi- Department of Race Relations of tions makes any statement is- the Federal Council of Churches sued by them of unusual signifi- has acted as a clearing house for cance. This statement which the denominations in respect to was given to the press and sent this measure, keeping church immediately to all the Southern leaders in touch with its prog- VIOLA MERONEY senators, is as follows: ress.

AMERICA Student Beliefs dispensaries, schools

community houses, Sunday A "City of God" Dr. William Lowe Bryan, schools, churches. President of Indiana University "St. Augustine was not the since 1900 and a consecrated Fifty-two colleges, twelve thelast to dream of a 'City of God,' " Christian leader, has had in- ological seminaries and fortysays a writer in the Presbyte- scribed in the lobby of the new eight universities are among the rian Tribune. The new mayor Union Building the following in- centers of work of the Board of of Vancouver, B. C., ran on a scription: Christian Education. It aids the platform of Christian reform educational work of 9,000 and during the campaign daily The University regards the Universe churches and Sunday schools, attended special prayer services Within whose infinity have emerged and maintains sixty-five Presbyconducted by the First Century terian ministers for work among Christian Fellowship. His first Order-Life-Mai, 50,000 Presbyterian students in public act as mayor was to pro- .Aristotle, Galileo, Shakespeare, universities. It gives financial claim a Day of Prayer, and help to students, recruits new closed the proclamation with the Lincoln, Jesus Christ. ministers and missionaries, eduprayer that He who had once cates the Church in money-raisgiven a vision of the Holy City A questionnaire has been cir- ing and in social progress, stim- "will grant us a vision of our culated at the University, the ulates and develops worship and city, fair as she might be; a city result of which is given in per- work in the local churches, and of justice, where none shall prey centages of students answering: every year publishes millions of on others; a city of plenty, copies of Sunday school lessons where vice and poverty shall Do you believe in God? 96 and illustrated weekly papers. cease to fester; a city of broth- per cent yes; 3 per cent no; 1 erhood and happy homes, where per cent doubtful. The proposed merger would all success shall be founded on bring the boards and agencies of service and honor given to noble- Do you believe in Jesus the Presbyterian Church down ness alone; a city of peace, Christ? 93 yes; 5 and 2. to three; twenty years ago there where order shall not rest on were seventeen. force, but on the love of all for Do you believe Jesus to be dithe city in which they dwell." vine? Answers, 80, 5 and 5. New Homestead Project Important Centenaries Do you attend church? An- Two hundred families on re- swers 89, 8 and 7. lief are to be transplanted to the Matanuska Valley in Alaska. Do you believe in prayer? An- swers 89, 9 and 2.

-Presbyterian Banner.

Consolidation Proposed A project for uniting two or- ganizations with assets of $47,- The present year marks the 000,000 and annual expenditures They have been tentatively secentenary of a number of im- lected from those who from exportant missionary develop- of more than $5,500,000 will be ments in the Protestant Episco- one of the questions to be perience and habits are best fitpal Church-among them: decided by the annual General ted to lead the rigorous life of pioneers in a northern climate. The reorganization of the Domestic Assembly of the Presbyterian They will live in tent cities durand Foreign Missionary Society and Church in the U. S. A., opening the formation of the Board of Mis- at Cincinnati May 23. The two ing the summer while the govsions, superseded in 1919 by the pres- ernment is building log houses ent National Council. bodies to be merged are the and clearing the woods. The Board of Christian Education, The departure of our first mission- and the Board of National Mis- settlers will take with them all aries for China. their household belongings; and sions. tractors and other essential The appointment of our first mis- More than 60 languages are farming equipment, together sionaries to Liberia. used by the 3,900 workers of the with live-stock, will be trans- The inauguration of the Spirit of Board of National Missions. ported to the site of the rehabili- Missions. They conduct 7,000 activities, The year 1935 also marks the trom Alaska to Cuba and Puer- tation project. Each family, un- 150th anniversary of the first to Rico; among mountaineers, migrants, Negroes, industrial der the FERA will be assigned a General Convention held in Phil- groups, Orientals, Indians, Eski- tract of 40 acres of improved adelphia September 27, to October 7, 1785. mo and Spanish-speaking Amer- land and a house. The site is icans. They operate hospitals, 125 miles north of the port of -The Living Church. Seward, on the Alaska railway.

[ 307]

It is estimated that this valley Only eleven groups contain more Mission Exhibit Dividends of 128,000 acres will accommo- than a thousand adherents, the remaining 383 having only a A recent mission exhibit in date 850 additional families on Ottawa disproves the idea that the basis of 40 acre tracts. dozen or two. These minor sects grow at the expense of the larger such methods have had their Since the Presbyterian Church ones, and multiply most rapidly day. The younger Episcopal in the U. S. A. has accepted re- when the parent group becomes sponsibility for this area, it is clergy of the diocese of Ottawa spiritually weak. sponsored this display. Work prepared to care for the reli- -Christian Advocate. gious welfare of these new com- among Canadian Indians, the munities. Rev. B. J. Bingle, Eskimo, and work in China, Jawho has carried on an itinerant extension work in the Matanus- New York's Indians pan, India and Palestine was . represented. Missionaries were ka Valley and is familiar with the conditions, has offered his The Cattaraugus Indian Res- present and gave frequent adservices to the Board for a min- dresses, telling about the work in ervation, some thirty miles from istry to the new families, and he Buffalo, is approximately twelve which they Were engaged. The will be on the ground ready to miles long and five miles wide. building was crowded every aftwelcome them. Arrangements ernoon and evening during the It has a population of 1,500 Senare being made to erect a house eca and Cayuga Indians. The week. After paying all expenses of worship as soon as a suitable Thomas Indian School at Irosite has been designated. a substantial balance was left quois, which is state supported, over to be devoted to the mis- has an enrollment of more than sionary work of the church. 225 orphan and needy children -The Living Church.

To Relieve Tension from the six reservations in the LATIN AMERICA state. A bus service takes 40 Senator Thomas, of Utah, has Indian boys and girls to the New Objectives in Mexico High School at Gowando. a plan, not yet proposed as a Baptist, Presbyterian and In March a conference of edu- definite measure, that there be Methodist Episcopal churches cational leaders and Board Sec- an interchange of American and have united in a program of retaries was convened in Coy- ministry to these Indians, in- oacan, Mexico, to study the Japanese students on a large scale. As Senator Thomas points cluding home visitation, daily whole educational problem in the vacation Bible schools, young light of shifting conditions. A out, students have been coming from the Far East for a number people's conferences, week-day new line of advance was suggest- religious training, social activi- ed and a new policy formulated, of years, but comparatively few Americans. have been studying ties, welfare work and related involving social centers and hos- in the Orient. He believes that enterprises. There are also a tels as substitutes for the tradi- the Japanese universities would Ladies' Aid, Red Cross Society tional evangelical. qay school, provide excellent opportunities and Girl Scout organizations. now made practically obsolete for graduate work. Ten thou- There is a fine relationship be- under the new legislation; in- sand exchange students could be tween the Indians and their tensive promotion of Christian financed for the price of a single education in the, home and the battleship. . white neighbors. -The Christian Advocate. church, and the preparation and -Presbyterian Tribune. pUblication of abundant and ade- The Multitude of Sects "The People's Friend" quate Christian literature. Lay leadership training, parent In a' recent newspaper an- For over twenty' years the training and more literature in nouncement of Sunday services above announcement has ap- the homes were recognized as in New York, Hindu cults out- peared on the bulletin board of foremost needs. numbered Methodist services ad- the San Antonio Mexican Chris- -World Sunday School News. vertised. It is believed that for tian Institute. There are now every religious group which advertises in the press, there are approximately forty' thousand Disaster Turned to Account ten which meet in private, in hotels, halls and apartments. Mexican people, either immi- This is the case not only in New grants or families of Mexican In Mazatlan, Mexico, the Mex- York, but in Chicago, San Fran- extraction, living in the Insti- ican Congregational pastor was cisco and London. All this is in- tute's area. Through its clinic denied the right to preach bedicative of the present confusion and health service, about 100,000 cause the quota of clergy alin religious thinking. The speed people have been helped in these lowed to the state was already with which these cults come and twenty years. Home life has full. His church had been satisgo is most significant. Since been improved, living condi- fied with the regular routine of 1925 no less than 214 new reli- tions have been transformed; public worship, with hardly any gious sects have arisen in Ham- every activity is impregnated interest in social service activiburg, Germany, and 123 of those with the Christian message and ties. This recent restriction sudthen existing have disappeared. ideal. The Institute has, indeed, denly waked up the congrega- tion, and in cooperation with the been "the people's friend." -World Call. pastor (acting as a layman) in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

a program for social action, they when one considers the handicap children attracted many to are serving the community more which some are under in not being church. Through the children effectively than when their priv- able to read English. There are so adults were won, and a virile ileges were intact. For church few books in Hindustani. One of the work grew up. Young converts services they have joined with men bought a copy of Tarbell's Sun- became keen evangelists and visthe Baptists, whose pastor has a day School Lessons at the beginning ited neighboring villages, in permit to officiate. of the year. I knew he could nO't read many of which groups of Chris- a word O'f English and asked him tians formed. Opposition is not -Missionary Herald. what he would do with it. He replied so open as it was twenty-five that he would have his little boy read years ago, but petty persecution At Guatemala's National Fair it to him each day. During the year is persistent. Thousands of peo- ple are tired of Rome, and un- Guatemala's annual fair in some have come to us from Hinduism, fortunately many of them have November, 1934, gave a splendid turned to atheism, socialism or opportunity to present the Bible and are giving good account of them- spiritualism. to the people. This fair is at- selves. tended by open-minded people -The Christian. who accept everything that is -United Chur,ch Record. offered in a friendly spirit. A EUROPE booth was secured in a good loca- Brazil ForWard Movement tion, expenses were provided lo- Religious Film Society cally, missionaries cooperated A committee to carry out a with enthusiasm. There was also two-year program of spiritual A new organization in Great an Indian helper who had had development along the lines of Britain called "Guilds of Light" experience in bookstand work. the Forward Movement was ap- acts as advisory body to all He had his daughter with him, pointed at the 37th annual Coun- Christian agencies anxious to exin Indian costume. She had cil of Southern Brazil. Statis- periment in the use of the movbeen taught to play the organ. tical reports show gratifying in- ing picture for Christian ends. This in itself drew many people creases in the number of public It has founded the Religious to listen, as it is unusual that an services, in the total number of Film Society, whose work is Indian woman should do any- communicants, in the number of thing but grind corn, do the pupils in the day schools, and 1. The collection of all possible incooking and care for the chil- also a slight increase in total re- formation likely to be of value to anydren. ceipts in Brazilian currency. one desirO'us of experimenting with Many bought copies of the A committee appointed a year the film as a Christian implement. Bible or Testaments; portions ago to study the question of selfand hundreds of Gospel tracts support had reported the follow- 2. The stocking, exhibiting and hirwere given out to all classes of ing recommendations: ing of the types of projector and other people. Cultured business men apparatus most likely to be satisfacstood in astonishment, listening 1. That the self-supporting parish- tory in the hands of the amateur exto words of wisdom from the lips es maintain their contributiO'ns made hibitor. of the Indian brother, or from up to' the present time for the supa plain-looking student. The sale port of the clergy; 3. The production frO'm time to of Bibles was larger than for time as funds permitted, of specially many years. 2. That the congregations nO't yet written films which would be avail- self-supporting increase their contri- able on easy terms to all members of -Bible Society Record. butions toward the supPO'rt of the the Society. clergy accO'rding to a sliding scale. High Standards in Trinidad The scale includes every missiO'n in Two of the Society's films have the district; already been exhibited, "Master- Rev~ D. R. Macintosh, a work- ship" and Inasmuch" ; while er for the United Church in Can- 3. That each parish in additiO'n to' "David Livingstone" is being ada, writes from Princetown, these contributions pay the 7~ per prepared. Trinidad: cent due the Pension Fund; -Religious Tract Society. I was surprised to find the work of 4. That in every parish, cO'ngregathe church in Trinidad so well or- tion O'r missiO'n, there be created and Paris Three-Day "Mission" ganized, and am much impressed with intensified the spirit of general coopthe high standards of the schools. eratiO'n in the wO'rk O'f the Church, In the Latin Quarter of Paris Our mission schools stand high in and that the members be taught to' a three-day "mission" in Jangrading among the schools of the col- contribute liberally toward the sup- uary attracted large numbers of ony, in agricultural work they come PO'rt of the clergy as a means nO't listeners. The speakers-Charles first. One of the schools in this field only of hastening the independence of Westphal, W. A. Visser 't Hooft, holds the record, having taken first the Church but also of stabilizing its Pierre Maury-presented three place for the third year in succession establishment in Brazil. subjects: Existence de Jesusin 1933. Christ; Humanite de Jesus- -The Living Church. Christ; Devinite de Jesus-Christ. I never cease to wonder at the fit- Students in the Latin Quarter ness of 50' many O'f O'ur native preach- The Argentine Field have come to expect the missions ers for their work. They have surely of the French Student Christian made the most O'f the O'Pportunities Facts about the work in Ar- Movement which have been held gentina were brought out at the each winter for three years. The annual meeting of the Evangel- meetings were attended by in- ical Union of South America, held in London. An account was given of the establishment of a church in a small inland town, where first results were 'very meager, but the work of a Bible teacher at open-air services for

creasing numbers during the long history I know no single AFRICA three days – a heterogeneous moment that approaches the New Film Project group of foreign students, Stu- present in its terrible serious- dent Christian Movement mem- ness." What promises to be a valu- bers, communists and many Ro- He concludes his article with man Catholics. All participated able film project is to be under- in the discussions. Perhaps the the following words: "We dare greatest lesson which the organ- not expect too much from men. taken in Africa by the Depart- izers of the mission have learned There is only one thing that we is that students are eager to find can do and that is, to appeal to ment of Social and Industrial out about the central truths of all our friends in all the world the Christian faith, and that to pray to God with us. He can Research and Counsel of the In- therefore it is much less neces- help. He has proved this often. sary than generally is believed to He can turn his severest extrem- ternational Missionary Council. spend large amounts of time and ity of German missions into energy on the preliminary or in- blessing. Therefore let us pray. It IS proposed to establish an extroductory subjects, to which in The danger has reached its peak. previous missions a rather con- Let all help that can!" perimental film-producing studio siderable amount of attention had been given. The missionary societies of at Vuguri, Tanganyika Terri- Germany are joined in a general lntercollegian and association known as the Ger- tory, where both instructional Far Horizons. man Evangelical Missionary Diet. In 524 stations they have and recreational films, based on In Old Castile 1,586 European workers, and 10,951 paid helpers. They care African life, with African ac- Valladolid, at one time the for 1,225,792 native Christians capital of Spain and famous in and 67,000 inquirers. They con- tors, will be made. . These films history as the place where Fer- duct 3,982 grade schools and 109 dinand and Isabella were mar- higher schools with 250,000 pu- will then be exhibited to native ried, Columbus died in poverty, pils. They maintain 31 hospitals and Phillip II was born, is now with 37 physicians. audiences over a wide area in a city of about 100,000. Rev. F. H. Grey was given permission to Protestant Movement in Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, hold an eight-day mission in this center of Spain's Reformation, Austria Kenya and Tanganyika. The obwhere many perished in the Inquisition. He writes in the It is reported from the Bureau ject of the scheme is to find out Latin American Evangelist: of Interchurch Aid, Edinburgh, that about 80,000 Austrians are how the African can be helped We had sought to prepare the preparing to leave Catholicism, ground by special prayer and the dis- in addition to the 22,000 who by means of the film to adapt tribution of 4,000 invitations, this lat- have already joined Protestant ter being zealously taken up by the churches. This is in the face of himself to the new ideas, morals, young men of the congregation. From many handicaps. A Roman Caththe beginning we felt conscious of the olic has twice as much opportu- customs and laws, according to power and working of the Holy Spir- nity for employment as a Prot- which his life has more and more to be ordered; and to introduce him to the best of these before his morals and his tastes are corrupted by less desirable films.

The whole project will be worked with the close cooperation of missionary, anthropological and government specialists, and will, it is hoped, prove to be of great value to all who are working for the welfare of the native in Af- i rica.

The scheme, which will re': quire from 18 months to two years to complete, has been made possible by a grant from the Carnegie Foundation.

it in our midst. Notwithstanding the estant and has no church tax to Changes in Seventy Years political unrest and fear as to the pay. Protestant churches are future which followed in the wake of the Revolution, the attendance at the self-supporting. The movement, Seventy years ago in what is meetings was very good, and the results were a real spiritual uplift for which was at first from all class- now the Diocese of the Niger, es of urban population, is now where Bishop Crowther began the believers, quite a number of souls spreading out in the country work, there were no churches or brought under the sound of the Word, some for the first time, and deeply im- among the farmers. It was pe- schools. To become a Christian pressed, and, finally, some led to a nalized by Dollfus and still is. then was to face the risk of persaving knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ. Those leaving the Church of secution, even martyrdom. To- Rome are ordered to be medi- day, as the result of C. M. S.

Present State of German cally examined as to their sanity. work in the diocese, there are Missions Ministers have been fined for 1,285 churches and 620 schools writing about Protestant opinion with an enrolment of 33,000 p.u- Prof. Martin Schlunk of Tii- of history or even for explaining pils. Scores of towns and vilbingen says in· an introductory Protestant doctrine. When giv- lages are still unevangelized, and article in the Neue Allg. Mis- ing religious instruction to con- wherever new openings are sionszeitschrift concerning the verts they are put under police made there is a ready response condition of the German mis- supervision. Yet the movement to the Gospel. In the Nsukka sions, "German missions are in mounts ever higher. district, where pioneer work be- the utmost peril and in their -Sunday-School Times. gan only some six years ago,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

there are now forty-five church- stage of development, the prom- and the American Board. Aces with an average attendance cordingly, a joint visit was made on Sunday of 4,000 people, and inence is given to subjects con- in November by representatives the life of the district is being of the two societies, and of the changed. In the Nupe district nected with home building. At Syrian Church. The deputation of Northern Nigeria, which has was impressed with the urgent been a hard and somewhat bar- the L. M. S. School in Tiger need, but reported one encourren field, the past year has wit- aging piece of work. At Kamnessed a record number of bap- Kloof girls have the choice of ishli a church building has been tisms (fifty in all) and also the erected largely as a result of the ordination of Mr. D. T. Sheshi, a four distinct courses: teacher efforts of the local community. native of Bida. He was the first This church was dedicated while convert from Islam through the t r a i n i n g; secondary school; the deputation was present, in a work of the C. M. S. in this area. service conducted in four lan- spinning and weaving; indus- guages, Armenian, Turkish, Ar- -The Life of Faith. abic and Syriac. trial, comprising domestic sci- Chieftain Finds the Way Syrian is becoming more and ence and needlework. Each more conscious of the needs of Sekulu Malenga was a chief- the rural areas. Village welfare tain who had an important part course requires three years' projects were conducted during in the development of the Ga- the summer by the American langue Mission as teacher and study. Personal and community University of Beirut and the adviser of the missionaries in Junior College for Women; but things relating to the country, hygiene are emphasized through- as yet not much has been done language and tribal customs. to meet the religious and evan- He died not long ago at the age out the course. One of the chief gelistic needs of rural areas. of ninety-seven, and just before The Presbyterian Mission is his death he said to the mission- needs of the African girl is to studying the problem, with a ary, Mr. McDowell: view to making it one of its aims know how to use her leisure in the future. I am an old man. I have held my children's children's children. I am wisely. When she leaves school -Near East Christian now tired. In myoId age I have Council News. been blessed: with new friends and and goes back to her home there acquaintances, principally the Lord Palestine's Mission to Jews Jesus, the child of the Great Chief. are often hours a day when she I go to Him and to my fathers with The Church Mission to Jews ill-will toward no man. My going is is left to her own devices. "Way- in Palestine lays the chief emno mystery. Rid of this tired body phasis upon follow-up work with and face to face with my Saviour and faring" (Native Girl Guides) is the individuals who seem of in the presence of the great Elders of most promise. The work of one the people, from Sekulu, Moses and one of the ways that Tige:r: Kloof individual with those who are Joshua on down to the present time, really seeking the truth is held I hope to be able to think more clear- is trying to meet this need. The to be of more permanent value ly and help to a larger degree my than the crowded program of a friends and children. industrial girl with her knowl- large staff of workers. The hos- pital in Jerusalem attracts a Sekulu became a Christian edge of crafts is an invaluable large ilUmber of Jews, and there about seven years ago. At that are vast opportunities for reachtime he held a large audience help in "Wayfarer" work in dis- ing the whole Jewish population. spellbound with the story of his The mission center is on the outsearch for life. He ended with tant places. For eighteen years skirts of Tel-Aviv, with its purethis statement: ly Jewish population – about about six Christ – consecrated 85,000. There are many indi- Today I join the caravan of a vidual Jews and J ewesses living great Leader, and I trust Him to girls pass out of the school each in Tel-Aviv who are definitely lead me to a just settlement of all seekers after truth, and some problems. The little that I have al- year. -The Chronicle. who are very open to Christian ready heard and understood of His influence. The task of the misway of life gives me enough to make Afrikaans Bible Sales sionary is to find them out and a start, and no caravan leader ex- to keep in touch with them. plains the whole trip at its beginning. Although it is only a year For these many years I sought after since the Bible was translated A new development is recordsomething, I knew not what. Now into Afrikaans, over 250,000 ed among Jews in Bagdad. An I have found it. copies have been sold in South ordained Hebrew Christian has Africa. As many as 10,000 Bi- gone there in the dual capacity -Missionary Herald. bles were bought in a single week. About 2'50,000 other peo- Girls at Tiger Kloof ple of the erstwhile Dark Con- tinent will be benefited when the Higher education for African translation of the whole Bible girls is, as yet, the privilege of into Bavenda is completed. For the very few. In their present the last fourteen years the Ba- venda, a tribe of northern Trans- vaal, have had to be content with the Psalms and New Testament.

-The Christian Advocate.

WESTERN ASIA Syria's Needs In recent years, new commu- nities have sprung up rapidly in northeastern Syria. These are very inadequately occupied in the missionary sense. At a meet- ing of the United Missionary Council of Syria and Palestine in Beirut, it was urged that this territory be made a field for united effort, especially on the part of the Presbyterian Mission

of pastor to an Arabic-speaking said: "Perhaps you would like to expense until its industrial pro- Christian congregation, and mis- know why I am a Christian?" They duction justified it. Dakhina, sionary to the 80,000 Jews living signif}.ed yes, and I said: "First of quick to grasp this principle, in there. He has a difficult piece of all, of course, I was born into a Chris- spite of his priestly caste, depioneer work to tackle, which tian home. But while still a boy I cided to learn the dignity of will make a heavy demand on knew little about Christ until I start- manual work. He also learned his patience, pluck and tact. ed to read the Gospels myself. Then the wonders of God's grace, and I discovered that Jesus Himself said, now prays that in spite of Hindu -Near East Christian 'I am the Bread of Life: I am the wife and relatives he will be bold Council News. Living Water. I am the Light of the enough in his belief in the Lord world. I am the Way, the Truth and Jesus as his Saviour, to testify Persia Now "Iran" the Life. I am the Resurrection and to it through baptism. Other the Life.''' Certainly they would Hindus hav~ followed, some have Another change in geograph- agree that no man could live without been baptized. ical names went into effect these things. To this they nodded March 22d, when Persia became assent, and I said further that since From various missions and officially known as Iran – its I had found Jesus as Saviour and distant parts of India, many Inorginal name. It links its people Lord, there had been peace and joy dian Christian young men, of racially and historically with the and satisfaction in my life. There ages varying from 17 to 25, and ancient Aryans. This is merely followed long dissertations from va- often outcaste from industry or an instance of nationalistic sen- rious ones, some of which I did not dependent on missions, were setiment, as by no means all Per- fully understand. They were attempt- lected as students. Many have sians are Aryans. Out of 10,- ing to show that all the prophets be- learned not only to be self-sup- 000;000 people fully 3,000,000 came in reality all that Jesus claimed porting but, being grounded in are nomads of uncertain racial as to the way, the truth, water, life, the Word by means of the threeorIgm. Hundreds of thousands etc. They said that of course there year systematic Bible course, of Jews live here. Many other were some things that they did not and in prayerful dependence on people are of distant Mongolian believe about Jesus, for instance that God, have started out to become origin. Nobody knows definitely He died and was raised again from "Young Pauls." Some have whence came the nearly 1,000,- the dead. I replied: "Of course, saved their earnings and set up 000 wild mountain tribes known every book m.ust bear its own witness. small work shops in their own as Kurds. But by whatever We Christians believe Jesus did rise districts. -Life of Faith.· name it is called, its missionary from. the dead because of the witness needs remain unchanged. Of its of the Gospels and the Apostle Paul." Week of Evangelism 10,000,000 people less than 65,- I told them what the Apostle Paul 000 are Christians. The only wrote in 1 Corinthians 15. Then I Christian forces in Mid-India agencies at work are the Amer- said, "But not alone from this wit- united in a week of evangelism ican missionary societies of the ness do we believe Jesus arose and March 11-18. "Every member a Lutheran, Presbyterian and Sev- is living. We have the witness of our witness for the Lord Jesus" was enth Day Adventists, and the own hearts, and the experience of the the ideal kept in mind. English Church Missionary So- Holy Spirit, and His love and peace. ciety. The entire Protestant For these reasons we believe that He Methods suggested by the Rev. membership is less. than 4,000, arose from the dead and is living." G. H. Singh, Honorary Director with 2,000 of them Presbyteri- I had carried with me a copy of each of Church-Centered Evangelism ans. The ~omanCatholics have of the Gospels, one of Acts, and a for Mid-India, included the folmore than 60,000 communicants. copy of the Psalms. I said to them, lowing:- "I have some copies of the Engil with -Missions. me. Perhaps you would like to see 1. Christians testify, teach and them and have them." They signified work among their own relatives. With Afghan Mull~hs yes, and I drew them..from my pock- et. The musktihid raised them in both 2. Efforts be confined to a single Rev. J. Mark Irwin of Meshed hands to his forehead, and then sat group or caste. describes an opportunity which there holding them with a show of came to him on a recent visit to great reverence. Soon they were in 3. Use of newly-prepared drama on Afghanistan. He asked permis- the hands of the others and they were life of Venkaya, famous robber chief sion of the governor for a visit all looking at them, and reading them of South India, available from Miswith the leading Mohammedan as the conversation continued. sion Press, Jubbulpore, for 2 annas. ecclesiastics. The governor cordially arranged this. Mr. Irwin INDIA AND BURMA 4. Prayer, undergirding the work writes in the Presbyterian: every step of the way. Industry and Evangelism At ten o'clock we were taken to the 5. Thorough preparation prior to government headquarters, and there Ten years ago Edwin Law- March 11. seated around a great table were rence, a young engineer who some ten or more mullahs, with the 6. Work continued for 12 months chief of Foreign Affairs and several held an appointment in India, of the year, fostered by a special comother men. At first I drew a deep mittee appointed at next meeting of breath and thought, 'Now what shall was led to found a new type of the Church Council. I say?" After formal greetings, I service which he named the "In- -The Indian Witness.. dia Industrial Mission," and lo- cated in a vacant mission prop- Floating Hospitals for Bathers erty at Cossipore, Calcutta. The first to join the Mission was a Hindus of India every 27 Brahman, who came looking for years observe a religious festi- on office position, but learned val, of which one feature is a that India sorely needed produc- pilgrimage to the sacred Ganges tion workers, and that this Mis- sion had no funds for overhead

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

River for a ceremonial bath of crisis has brought it about, that and methods of thought. About much work has already had to a dozen native Christians joined puri'fication. The year 1935 be given up even in the Danish the missionary and rendered val- Mission, which has had less to uable service. brought a recurrence of the fes- suffer than others. The other festival was at tival, which took place on Feb- Sangli Ohurch Life Courtallam, where thousands of pilgrims gather to bathe in the ruary 3d. More than 750,000 Sangli, in the Krishna River large waterfall. The people, valley, is the center of many however, were very indifferent, pilgrims invaded Calcutta, tax- enterprises. Willingdon Col- and many said, "Your religion lege, with its 350 students, two is not for us." ing its over-night lodging facili- boys' high schools, a newly- founded girls' high school and -The Christian. ties to the utmost. All along the many primary schools make it an educational and cultural Outcaste Wins a Brahman 1,500 miles of river millions of center. Through the American Presbyterian Industrial and Mr. Pickett, author of Mass others gathered for the same Agricultural School which dates Movements in India, tells this from 1884, Sangli is a pioneer incident: purpose so that the British Gov- in village uplift and rural recon- struction. Within 20 years it . While touring in South India I ernment was gravely concerned has become a center of light for talked with an educated Christian depressed classes. To pursue all Telegu, formerly a Brahman, and over possible epidemics in Cal- these lines of service, the station asked him how he came to accept force last year numbered fifty; Christianity. He replied: "Because cutta from the influx of throngs one ordained and four unor- of a most marvelous personality dained viII age evangelists, whom I met." He went on to tell of pilgrims. Floating hospitals thirty-one teachers, five Bible- how he had been traveling with a women, two colporteurs and gentleman, an Indian, whose convercarrying large quantities of dis- seven missionaries. Within that sation and manner were so cultured year the Central Church has and interesting that he had spent infectants circulated among the been able not only to meet every with him three of the most deligl;ttful obligation, including the pastor's hours of his life. He asked this acbathers. -Missions. salary, but to open a free library quaintance on the train what caste on the Mission compound, to buy he came from. He could hardly cred- Tamil Missions instruments for the singing it his statement that he had been an band, and to supply fuel and oil outcaste. The first speaker said he The veteran missionary of to 30 students attending the five- could not get away from this fact, the Danish Missionary Society, day Bible Institute which was and in the end bought a New Testa- Knud Heiberg, reports in the sponsored and financed entirely ment and studied it. He said the Dansk Missionsblad that condi- by the Sangli Church, with some mystery was explained, "I understood tions in South India are becom- help from the village churches. the power that could transform a life, ing more and more difficult for The Mission had no responsi- and I too accepted Christ as my Savmany of the older missions. The bility except friendly coopera- iour. I hunted up my friend of the Americans have been compelled tion on the part of the mission- train and asked him to baptize me." to retrench increasingly and the aries in Sangli. The Women's German missions are in a pitiful Society is a going concern. It -World Call. state since the German Govern- maintains five Bible classes. ment is preventing the sending Mass Marriage of Infants out of monies. He says that -Western India Notes. what makes the matter all the Their childish eyes bewildered more difficult, is that those in PTeaching at Festivals and their bare feet chafing the India can not obtain clear an- grass, 374 infant couples were swers from their country or Two Brethren missionaries married March 31 in North their boards on the real condi- have recently preached the Gos- Bombay Presidency. It was the tions. pel at two large heathen festi- largest mass child marriage cer- vals. The first was held near emony held in India in many The Tamil Evangelical Luther- Christianpettah, where the god years. Some brides and bridean Church has given almost all worshiped is supposed to be an grooms were mere infants in its workers notice of dismissal incarnation of Krishna. Mostly arms; some were small children. by May 31, and the conditions low-caste people worship at this Many babies, too small to walk, will doubtless force the German temple. The evangelists had to slept in the arms of their elders. missionaries to give up their put up with plenty of noise and Others gurgled happily at the fields of work, unless a change smoke, but they learned a great booming of gun salutes which comes before that time. One deal more of the native customs were a part of the ceremony. German mission which he knows Young bridegrooms arrived in was in this predicament-in decorated bullock carts and were January it received an amount carried before the priests. Many of 80 rupees, while its budget were not old enough to have required more than 3,000 month- even an inkling of what was takly. ing place. All the tiny couples There are some who have great ideas of having the Indian Church continue the work without the help of the older churches. But the time has by no means arrived, and even if there are parts of the work which the Indian Church can undertake in places where the branches have taken deeper roots, the present

then united in a feast, in which Christianity. The prevailing at- tives and backers of one's own the parents joined. titude of the vast bulk of Chi- clique. nese is complete indifference. -New York Times. Among the more educated class- -China Weekly Review. es Christianity is viewed as a Meet the Missionary! foreign importation, an alien, Effective Bravery cultural invasion. There is the Rev. C. E. Chaney, field secre- Communistic attitude which de- Dangiong, Fukien, is in a distary for the Baptist Mission in clares Christianity to be a form trict much troubled by bandits, Burma, after a tour in the Chin of economic imperialism and who make frequent raids on any Hills district, writes in the which condemns it, as it does all unguarded place, burning, loot- Watchman-Examiner: religio"n, as a deadly drug. The ing and killing. As the bandits typical attitude of the young had shown a certain degree of On arrival at Haka various ones Chinese today is that of the ag- respect for the Christian church came to meet us and shake hands nostic or secularist. and its workers, Christians in with us. One was a blind Christian Dangiong sent their valuables to who had heard of the visiting mis- -The Churchman. the church for safety. The sionary and had walked 100 miles bandits heard of this, and choosjust to shake hands. Two preachers The Best Governed Province ing a time when they knew the walked 25 miles to meet the visitor Bible woman was alone at the from the south. One evening I saw In a recent survey of condi- church house, they planned a the shadow of a man on the veranda. tions in China, Dr. Sherwood raid. The Bible woman, suspect- He was slipping away. I called my Eddy reports that of all the ing their intentions, had already companion's attention to him and provinces he visited Szechuen is persuaded the Christians to rewent to speak to him. He had walked the richest but worst governed, move their belongings. Then over 30 miles, and had, unknown to while Kwangsi is the poorest but she put a notice on the church us, been waiting a long time to see the best governed. Here the door saying: "If you want to the visitors. He was too timid to work of Dr. James Yen and the come and search the church, intrude. During the past 35 years National Economic Council was knock and I will open the doors. great changes have taken place in almost complete operation. Don't break down the doors." among the Chins. Every school is in process of de- The second night that she was veloping into a community cen- alone the bandits came, shouting It was my privilege to meet the and battering the doors. She first Chin convert, baptized in 1905, ter, is designed to include the quickly opened them and asked who is now a pastor in the hills. whole community in a scheme of the men not to destroy the There are fully 3,000 baptized Chris- practical education, which aims church, for there was nothing of tians, and nearly 500 came into the material value there. Quietly church this past year. at the reconstruction of all life. talking, she made the bandits But while Dr. Yen's work is quiet. They searched the place, CHINA deeply important and hopeful, and finding nothing, withdrew without a single exception his quietly; the brave woman then Christianity in Last Decade projects are being opposed open- fastened the doors and praised ly or secretly by the beneficiaries the Lord. -C. M. S. Outlook. Prof. James T. Addison of the of the old order, especially the old officials, fighting to keep Gospel Bands in Fukien Episcopal Theological School, their own selfish profit, privilege and prestige. Special meetings in Fukien Cambridge, believes that while Province led to the formation of Dr. Eddy suggested to Gen- 120 gospel bands. These volun- Christianity in China suffered a eral Chiang Kai-shek that China teer teams have won large num- needed not only new men but a bers to the Kingdom. Rev. Leonsetback during the Nationalist new system beginning with a ard Christian tells the story of fivefold program. 1. To have two members of a team. They Movement of 1925-1928, it really only a few laws but enforce were working in a suburb and in them; to protect the peasants each of four instances when they benefited by the trials of those from extortionate taxation; and had brought persons to the point to adequately pay officials so of becoming learners, a man years. A winnowing of weaker they will have no excuse for with much influence there undid squeezing, as in the efficient cus- all their work and turned people and half-hearted members took toms service. 2. To budget, against them. Praying for guid- audit and publish all accounts. ance, they were led to go in perplace and the gl-eat majority who 3. To promptly and surely pun- son to this man and explain the ish. all offenders. 4. To reward Gospel. Taking literature and remained loyal were strength- the honest and efficient. 5. Equal hymns and all the courage they impartial justice to all, without possessed, they came away raened in their faith. The Nation- protecting or promoting unwor- diant, for the man, and his son thy officials or incompetent relaalist Movement served to accel- erate a movement towards fur- ther placing of responsibility for the Chinese Church upon native shoulders and towards develop- ing a trul.y indigenous Christianity. .

The other salient feature in history of Christianity in China during the last 10 years has been the efforts towards union among mission bodies. One-third of the Protestant communicants now belong to the Church of Christ in China.

Dr. Addison names four distinct attitudes apparent towards

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

also, enrolled themselves as Most of these have gone back to the past year Rev. Song Sang learners before the afternoon their villages and started some- Suk has been giving one half his was over. thing-a Sunday school, a Bible time to special temperance work.

-Missionary Herald. Class, a Reading Circle, a Rec- Last June he staged and man- reational Center or a Better- aged a great temperance parade JAPAN Farming Lecture Course. in Pyengyang City where 5,000 "Golden Castle" School These Peasant Gospel Schools, people marched with banners however, have only touched the and flags through the city and some tens of thousands of sheet This (Southern) Presbyterian fringe of the problem. tracts were given out. He has school opened in Nagoya with made a point of urging that oraonly three students. To the gen- -Intercollegian and torical contests and essay writeral public it was just an insig- Far Horizons. ing contests on temperance be nificant part of the Jesus reli- held in all schools of higher gion. Forty-six years have Kyoto Episcopal Mission grade; out of this an interest passed and today it stands with has developed among students. complete internal organization In a crowded section of Kyoto, and full external recognition, a Strenuous ProgTams Girls' Junior College. where most of the people are en- gaged in silk weaving, the Epis- With an expenditure of $30 At present there are about twelve students of Chosen Chris- 1500 graduates of the school. copal Church maintains a center tian College were sent out to six These are scattered as far as of work, both through the spok- of Korea's 13 provinces, two Korea and Manchuria, and even men to each, during the summer to America and England. Among en word and through practical of 1934. These men visited 17 them are wives helping their help given to the everyday life different places and did work in husbands, mothers bringing up 29 separate churches from 10 to their children, consecrated evan- of the people. Its small and in- 24 days at a place, a total of 105 gelists of the Gospel of Christ expensive building is wholly in- days, which made the work cost teachers in kindergartens and about 30 cents per day. In these girls schools, employees in banks sufficient for the need. The meetings they taught a total of and business houses. All of them church is always crowded. A 10,201 children in the day time; are adding to the school's repute. kindergarten, night school, boys' and preached to a total of 22,881 Of those originally connected persons in the evenings. The with the school, only an old fir and girls' clubs, a reading room program was intended to include tree remains. It was planted by the teaching of language, arith- Mrs. Randolph, the founder. and a summer camp for 50 chil- metic, geography, singing, story dren are some of the activities. telling and Bible, to boys and -Presbyterian Survey. girls in the day time, and a pop- Japanese doctors and nurses ular night meeting for adults. Rural Advances In most cases, the men, ashamed carryon a clinic, and if you to let down the reputation of the In spite of rapid industrializa- college or to admit their own intion, 47% of Japan's population should happen to be in the ability, worked in the wee hours is still rural. One of the most of the night and attempted to significant accomplishments of church when Dr. Fujino, a ves- oblige these eager, expectant the Kingdom of God Movement folk. The men of the village has been its pioneering in this tryman in Kyoto, arrives to be- gathered in their room after the field. It adopted the strategy of evening services to talk until trying to capture the nation's al- gin the clinic, you will see him midnight and the children were most 12,000 villages by evangel- knocking on their doors by dayizing and training potential vil- first of all kneel at the altar to light the next morning eager to lage lay leaders. One hundred begin the day's work. short – term Peasant G 0 s pel ask God's blessing on what he Schools have been held in twen- has come to do. . -Korean Mission Field. ty-five prefectures, either under the direct auspices of the move- Much of the cost of this work ment or with its assistance. Each is supplied by a group of fifty Japanese patrons, each of whom contributes the equivalent of $15 American currency a year.

-The Living Church.

Temperance Movement in Korea All Christian churches of Ko- rea are temperance organiza- tions. No one having anything to do with liquor as maker, sell- er, distributor' or user can be a member of any of cthheurcchhuwrcohreks~ but until recently of these schools has gathered ers have been so busy winning ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC some twenty or twenty-five believers and creating their young men and women from as churches that they have not felt Jubilee in Papua many villages and given them a that they had the time or energy Sixty years ago, on November week or ten days of intensive to give to temperance work for 21, 1875, William G. Lawes, with training for Christian leadership nonbelievers. The W. C. T. U. his wife and small son, landed in in their respective villages. Over has been at work for years, but Port Moresby, New Guinea, the 2,000 rural young people have it was felt there should be a man first Europeans to make a home been enrolled in these schools. to lead in this movement. For in that savage land. They came

in the John Williams as mission- over 300 is now over 3,000, with Common Faith, a religion with God aries of the London Missionary 900 adherents and more than left out, advocated in a college which Society. Now a strong Papuan 1,500 baptized children under was once a Puritan stronghold. church has been built up and twelve years of age. The school over 500 Papuan boys and girls of 33 boys has grown into 38 3. The resistance of seven thousand attend the Christian day school. schools with over 1,800 children, German evangelical pastors to Hitler's Today Port Moresby is the res- of whom about 1,600 are Chris- edicts. They declared: "Obedience to idence of the British Governor tians, and from a staff of two the present church government is dis- General and airplanes fly over teachers, there are now 91, all obedience to God." the land that was formerly only of whom are Christians. traversed on foot through dense 4. German Catholics making com- jungles while war canoes plied -Malaysia Message. mon cause with German Protestants the bays and rivers. in defense of their faith.

Early Days in Borneo 5. The activity of the National Con- ference of Jews and Christians in the Just after the B()xer uprising United States. when 16,000 Christians became Hurricane in Cook Islands 6. Declarations by thousands of martyrs, a Christian Methodist '. Protestant ministers against a cruel of Foochow, a man of wealth competitive economic 0 r d e rand and education, decided to do as Raratonga, Cook Is., is asso- against war. the Pilgrim Fathers and seek a land of religious freedom. He ciated with John Williams and 7. A r(!emphasis of the importance found many willing to go, but his feat of building the Messen- of personal religion. where was the land? Like Abra- ger of Peace with no previous 8. The religious literature of 1934 ham he set out, not across the plains, but into the South Seas, shipbuilding knowledge and no shows a tendency away from the de- not knowing where he went. structive criticism which has long When he arrived in Singapore, ordinary shipbuilding materials been prevalent and toward a spiritual he was directed to Sarawak as or tools. Just as the London harmony. the land best suited for such an undertaking, where Raja Brooke Missionary Society was rejoic- owned 36,000,000 acres of good land. Here he met the Rajah, ing in a report of encouraging World Convention of C. E. who not only liked the scheme, but willingly gave land and mon- work done there, and plans for The ninth quadrennial World ey to charter a boat to bring the further improvement, a hurri- Convention of Christian En- colonists over. Then he returned deavor will be held in Budapest to China to get his men, and out cane brought crushing disaster. in August – postponed for one of the crowd he picked about The full extent of the damage is year because of conditions in five hundred men and twenty not yet known. The Mission Europe. The program will give . women, mostly Methodists, and equal recognition to three lan- put them on his chartered boat, House is far enough from the guages – Hungarian, German but sailing away from friends and English-and the speakers and home filled many with fear, sea to have escaped complete de- and conference leaders will be and they put in at Hong Kong. struction. The New Zealand chosen from every part of the It happened that Bishop Warne Government, which has the man- world. Budapest has been a was there on his way to Manila. strong center of Christian En- When he heard of this boatload date, will do all it can in relief deavor for many years. of Methodists on their way to measures, but cannot be expect- Borneo, he went to visit them, and when he saw how fearful ed to rebuild churches and hous- they were, he said, "Don't be es. Friends of the L. M. S. have afraid; I will go with you." He stayed ten days with them, or- subscribed £150, but much more ganized a church, and from this will be 'needed. band has grown a Christian community of more than 10,000. -The Chronicle. BapustS.S.Growth The small clearing in the jungle is now more than 200,000 acres MISCELLANEOUS At the close of 1934 the num- of cultivated land; five little ber of Baptist Sunday school chapels have developed into 46 Epochal Religious Events appointments; a membership of scholars throughout the world The only secular newspaper was advanced by nearly 1,200,- summary of the events of 1934 000. This includes an increase which touched the field of reli- of over a million in the Negro gion appeared in the Boston Transcript. Other pap e r s National Baptist Convention. printed necrologies, chronicles Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke attributes of disaster and crime, but none this large increase in Negro attempted to evaluate the trends scholars to the adoption of in religion except Dr. Dieffen- b:'tch who, in the Transcript, stricter statistical methods, since smgled out several religious a round figure of 1,500,000 pre- events which in his opinion are viously reported is replaced by a as epochal as those which very precise 2,588,834. There is marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modern times. a decrease of approximately Briefly they are: 11,000 in Europe, and this is ex- plained by the fall in Britan. 1. The admission of Russia, an atheist state, to the League of Na- Other continents show little tions. change, with the exception of South America, where last year's 2. John Dewey's Yale lectures, A total of 40,213 has increased to 45,250.

-Watchman-Examiner.

~'=~_ _ _ _—-"""""""~~='"

1 OUf Missionary Bookshelf I Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I i(i*,,======——-==-=—-==–=======–=-=====~~ , Good Books on Home Missions* tier in relation to its significance We Must March. Honore WiIlsie in church history and its influ- Morrow. William Morrow Co. $2.00. Prepared by the Office of Educa- ence in bringing into being the New York. tion and Publicity Board of distinctive characteristics of National Missions, Presby- American Christianity. Authentic narrative of Narcis- terian Church, U. S. A. sa Whitman, the first white Religious Backgrounds of American woman to cross the Rocky Moun- What do we ask of a reading Culture. Thomas C. Hale. 1930. tains, and the part she and her list? That it shall add to our Little, Brown & Co., Boston. $3.00. husband played in the early hisbody of information? That it tory of Oregon. shall illumine our study with the The author traces the course story of the lives of those whose of religious history from the How Marcus Whitman Saved Orecompulsion was and is: Woe is time of the English "dissenters," gon. Oliver W. Nixon. 1895. Star me, if I preach not the gospel? through the period of dissent in Publishing Co., Chicago. Out of That it shall provoke to a fur- New England and Virginia, print. ther study of the aspects of need, down to the present-day phases underlying problems, and recog- of religious interest. A biography of Marcus Whitnized trends to which a single man, with the interesting incivolume can serve only as an in- FRONTIERSMEN OF THE CHURCH dents of life among the Indians troduction? Brief as it is, it is and an account of Whitman's hoped that the following list The Life and Labors of Bishop Hare. part in the opening of the Northmeets these requirements. M. A. DeWolfe Howe. National west. Council of the Episcopal Church. THE CANVASS $1.00. Francis Asbury, the Prophet of the Long Road. Ezra Squier Tipple. The Epic of America. James Trus- Interesting account of one of 1916. Abingdon Press, Methodist low Adams. Little, Brown & Co., the foremost leaders and cham- Book Concern. $2.00. Boston. $2.50. Reprint 1934. p~ons of the Indians, the first Episcopal missionary bishop to Organizer, founder of schools, Narrative account of the go into South Dakota to labor and "faithful shepherd." growth of America, told through among the Dakotas. In his thirthe story of the most momen- ty-seven years of service he es- Vanguard of the Caravans. Coe tous episodes and the biogra- tablished church policies with Hayne. 1931. Judson Press, Philphies of outstanding leaders in relation to Indians which are adelphia. $1.00. their relation to the panorama still being carried out. of American life. Life story of John Mason Peter Cartwright: Pioneer. Helen Peck, Baptist missionary on the SPIRES AND STEEPLES Hardie Grant. 1931. Abingdon Illinois frontier who preceded Press, New York. $2.00. the covered wagon caravan The Religious Foundations of Amer- across the Mississippi River in ica. Charles L. Thompson. 1928. Life of a "great Methodist and 1817. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. a great man," a pioneer prairie $1.50. preacher responsible for keeping Jason Lee: Prophet of the New Ore- slavery out of Illinois and "hero gon. Cornelius J. Brossman. 1932. Story of the religious elements of many a picturesque affair in Macmillan Co., New York. $3.00. which like the members of dif- the early days of the state." ferent races have entered into Romantic, authentic story of the making of America with an Sheldon Jackson. Robert Laird Ste- the work of the first missionary account of their influence on the wart. 1908. Fleming H. Revell to enter the Oregon country. He national life. Co., New York. founded the first permanent American settlement although CHURCH AND NATION Biography of an outstanding other attempts had been made pioneer worker, a "foreign mis- without satisfactory result. The Frontier Spirit in American sionary" to the Choctaws, a pio- Christianity. Peter A. Mode. 1923. neer in western frontier service, Mary and I: Forty Years with the Macmillan Co., New York. $1.75. best known for his sacrificial de- Sioux. Stephen R. Riggs. 1887. votion to missions in Alaska. Congregational Sunday School and Study of the American fron- Publishing Society. Out of print.

* Suggested Reading List in "Toward a Fascinating account of the toils and sacrifices, joys and re- Christian America," by Hermann N. Morse. wards of a pioneer missionary Any of the books noted in these columns. and now obtainable, will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[317 ]

family which began and carried of the working out of this prin- While our attitude toward the forward mission work among ciple. Oriental is still flexible he recthe Dakota Indians. ommends bending it toward hu- Roving with the Migrants. Adela J. man unity and Christlike under,. THE GEOGRAPHY OF HOME Ballard. 1931. Council of Women standing. for Home Missions and Missionary MISSIONS Education Movement, New York. EVANGELISM Paper,50c. Home Missions Today and Tomor- TUrn to your own denomina- row: A Review and Forecast. Ed- The challenge of the migrants tion for books and leaflets pre- ited by Hermann N. Morse. 1934. came to the author through senting the "pageant of the tri- Home Missions Council, New York. work with them. In this brief umph in Christ." Paper, 75c. book she points out the need of the migrants for love to God and SOCIAL RELATIONS This summation of an inten- the need of the church for love sive study made by the Home for man. .Religion Lends a Hand. James Missions Council is a valuable Myers. 1929. Harper Brothers, source and reference book on the The Machine Age in the Hills. Mal- New York. $1.50. definition, interpretation, analy- colm Ross. 1933. The Macmillan sis, outlook, and forecast of the Company, New York. $2.00. Religion as a helper in social home missions task. progress is the theme developed. This book sets forth the prob- Investigation of the institutions HOME MISSIONS, THE CHILD OF lems of the isolated mountaineer in the United States which apply who in recent years has been this ideal furnishes authorita- . THE TIMES drawn by the wheels of industry tive illustrations. into the hazards of mining life The Challenge of Change-What Is and communities. God and the Census. Robert N. Mc- Happening in Home Missions. John Lean. 1931. Council of Women Milton Moore. 1931. Council of International Relations for Home Missions and Missionary Women for Home Missions and Mis- Education Movement, New York. sionary Education Movement, New Why Wars Must Cease. A Sympo- Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60c. York. Paper, 25c. sium edited by Rose Young. 1935. The Macmillan Company, New Looking beyond the figures of The author presents a wider York. $1.00. the census, the author presents scope for home missions than is the forces which cannot be tabucommonly held and challenges Arguments against war are lated, the spiritual realities of the church to build according to forcefully set forth by ten writ- underprivileged groups. these specifications. ers nationally and international- ly prominent. These arguments In the Shadow of Liberty. By Ed- The Church in America. William batter down all defenses of war. ward Corsi. Macmillan Co., New Adams Brown. 1922. The Mac- York. $3.50. millan Company, New York. $3.00. Race Family and personal experi- From a wide experience and Brown America. Edwin R. Embree. ence appear to have shaped the varied contacts the author sum- 1932. The Viking Press, New York. heart and mind of Edward Corsi marizes the place and work of $2.50. -immigrant boy, settlement the church in our post-war na- worker, Commissioner of Immitional life. Here is a frank, unbiased gration, Director of the Home statement of the trials and tri- Relief of the City of New York CROSS CURRENTS umphs of the "new race," the in- -to a social outlook on life and termingling of black, white, and to a particularly human view- Industry yellow, which forms a tenth of point of Ellis Island. His career the population of the United has been profoundly influenced Christianity and Industry in America. States. by his father, Filippo Corsi of Alva W. Taylor. 1933. Friendship Abruzzi, Italy, who, because of Press, New York. Cloth, $1.00; The Jew and the World Ferment. his aggressive support of agra- paper, 60c. Basil Mathews. 1934. Friendship rian reform, was driven into ex- Press, New York. Cloth, $1.50; ile. Fortunately he was recalled Out of the conviction that our paper, 75c. by his election to the Italian pargreatest social and moral prob- liament-an office which he lems are industrial and that our The writer purposes to dis- never occupied for he was strickin d u s t ria I life has far out- cover how we should act toward en as he was about to give an stripped our moral and social the Jew whose prominence in impassioned response to the ovaadjustments is born this plea for the affairs of the nations as well tion of his fellow-townsmen. The practical Christianity. as in personal conflict is evidence young son was his father's com- that he is in the midst of the panion in exile, and was thrilled Protestant Churches and the Indus- world ferment. by his father's spectacular ca- trial Crisis. Edmund B. Chaffee. reer. 1933. The Macmillan Company, Orientals in American Life. Albeit New York. $2.00. W. Palmer. 1934. Friendship At ten years of age, with his Press, New York. Cloth, $1.00; mother, stepfather, brothers and Individual Christians and the paper, 60c. Church must face their relations to economic life, the writer con- The author shows his readers tends. Labor Temple in New what is behind the Oriental York City, which has been guid- mask-a likable, overwhelminged by Dr. Chaffee for twelve ly human Christian brother. years, serves as an illustration

OUR MISSION:ARY BOOKSHELF

sisters, Edward lalJded in New van through Ellis Island, until nomic conditions in America. work. Two emotions possessed arrested by the World War and By 1932 the outward movement him in turn. His wonder and finally brought to a standstill by of aliens exceeded the inflow. exhilaration prompted by his first view of the Statue of Lib- the Immigration Act of 1924, re- That America continued to be a erty and by the New York sky- flects the extraordinary opti- land of desire, however, is strik- line which, through the haze, he ingly and pathetically illustrated mistook for mountains, quickly mism of America. Mr. Corsi ana- gave way to fear when he over- lyzes the composition of the car- by the large numbers debarred heard his stepfather express avan-English, Dutch, French, because of quota restrictions or concern lest they be turned back Scotch-Irish and German-to because of surreptitious entry. at Ellis Island because of their Perhaps at no time in the his- limited cash. Fortunately for the middle of the nineteenth cen- tory of America has American Edward and for America this tury and then fresh accession to hysteria over immigration been fear was not well-founded for the number of Germans, Irish the Corsi family was included more unhappily illustrated than among the one and a quarter and British. But then the com- by the arrest, the examination million immigrants admitted to position of the caravan changed America in 1907. to Italians, Austrians, Hunga- and deportation of undesirable aliens. Speaking of this Amer- Referring to the next decisive riam'!, Jews, Slavs, Poles and ican mood after the World War Russians though the inflow of Mr. Corsi says "quickly the na- experience which came to him as Irish and Scandinavians contin- an immigrant lad, living in tional hatred turned from a de- wretched quarters on the lower ued in considerable numbers. feated Germany and lashed it- While opposition to immigra- east side of New York, Mr. Cor- self into a rage against all forms si says, tion sprang up from time to of radicalism and all sorts of radicals. Victor Berger, of Mil- Down the street on which I lived time, in the main Americans be- there was a little brownstone house, waukee, was a conservative so- which to many in the neighborhood lieved that America was the land cialist. Senator La Follette was seemed shrouded in mystery. It was of unlimited opportunity where a Republican Progressive. Fed- a settlement house, which some of our parents feared had been put there to any honest man could get a liv- eral Judge Landis of Chicago, in draw Italian children to the Protes- ing and where every clever man sentencing Berger to jail and tant faith . . . The day came, how- ever, when we decided to investigate could amass wealth. This confi- prison, said he regretted that he that house and find out for ourselves dence was not shaken until the what it was there for . . . I remem- world depression settled upon could not have him shot." It ber clearly the day I led my gang into was during these days that the that house of mystery . . . My admis- America like a blight. True cells at Ellis Island were packed. sion to the Home Garden, later Haar- America had imposed upon im- lem House, marked a decisive advance It was then that the "Soviet in my career . . . migrants restrictions designed Ark," the Steamship Buford, to safeguard public health, pub- was dispatched with 249 pris- My settlement contacts and expe- riences gave me a new understanding lic morals and to debar potential oners, all to be deposited in dead of American life and American ideals. paupers. Unfortunately these of winter at the Russian border. It was a new understanding, because regulations did not eliminate This was all a part of what Mr. until then such dreams as I had had "dumping" by foreign countries Louis F. Post, one-time Assistant of the land of promise were well-nigh shattered by the grim reality of what nor preclude the immigrants' use Secretary of Labor at Washing- I had been forced to undergo. Long ton, termed "The Deportations before my mother had gone back to of Canada as a half-way house. Italy both she and my stepfather had The first racial groups, as racial Delirium of Nineteen Hundred realized the futility of their adven- groups, to feel the restraining Twenty." Unfortunately as Mr. ture. America had failed to offer its Corsi came to know, the expres- pot of gold. It had offered instead of America were the Chinese suffering, privations, and defeat. and the Japanese. The Contract sion of this delirium did not end Labor Law became particularly in 1920 but found expression After graduation from Ford- difficult to enforce. Agitation during Mr. Corsi's term of serv-' ham College Mr. Corsi returned ice. Speaking of unknown de- to the Haarlem House as a full- over literacy tests, just before time social worker. While here, and after the World War, re- portees Mr. Corsi says, "I found one morning in 1931, Secretary that many of them were like men Doak of the Department of La- flected the new temper of Amer- condemned to die, praying and bor summoned him to Washing- ica towards immigration. But crying for last-minute reprieves . ton and President Hoover ap- this temper did not have full ex- -clinging to fraying threads of pointed him Commissioner of pression until 1921 when the Immigration at Ellis Island. first Quota Law, based upon the hope." The human interest in Mr. Edward Corsi presents Ellis census of 1910, was adopted. Island as a reflector of the ever- This was followed in 1924 with Corsi is dominant. He tells in changing American mood. The a more rigid Quota Law based considerable detail the' experien- steady march of the great cara- upon national origins with the ces of notable "guests" at Ellis census of 1890 as the base-line. Island both before and during This law clearly marks a change his official relationship with the in the American mind towards Island. He found some of these immigration. experiences humorous, others pathetic and others tragic. In From about 1928 the immigra- tion trend, or to keep to Mr. the first category is that of Migi Corsi's figure, the movement of the caravan, was checked by eco-

Cogic who was ordered deported Conformist. No Anglican needs The sociological expressions because of defective eyesight but a survey to define his parish. of religion are the goal of the the Government was compelled The pages devoted to "Minis- book which Mr. Fenner writes to hold Miji as its guest for the tering to Several Mission Sta- for the men of his own commun- full period of the war and during tions" should be read by all ion. There are excellent advices that time he plied a lucrative American rural Christians. His upon religious education, recre- discussion of lay readers might ation, and the rest of those distrade as tailor and barber.

Pathetic indeed is the story of well be translated into the Pres- ciplines upon which many men Paula Patton who was deemed byterian, Baptist, and Methodist have written well. There are to be mentally defective and languages. These denominations bibliographies for the socially therefore not admitted. Her indulge their members with minded to use in humanizing case shows political vacillation "once a month preaching." They their priestly manners. But to- of the authorities at Washington dilute the worship of God from day the rural saints are turning extending over a period from its Sunday holiness to a pale, to worship and to holiness, with 1914 to 1925 when she was lunar, shirt-sleeve langour. They order and maj esty as the goal of should learn of Mr. Fenner to their aspirations. The Anglican granted legal residence.

"Prince" Mike Romanoff was sanctify the Sabbath and to from whose Ember Days we a grotesque though not uninter- make the house of God holy- have rebuilt Rural Life Sunday esting figure. Repeatedly he ap- Sunday a day of worship. He can teach us about the social peared as an immigrant and re- would train a young man to read ministry of the priest in the day peatedly he was sent back. a sermon every Sunday and con- of joy, of fear, or of grief. A m 0 Ii g other distinguished duct a service of worship while The contribution of Mr. Fenguests were Mrs. Emmeline "the preacher is away at another Pankhurst, Emma Goldman and ner is the latest expression,· and charge." This abuse of little in many ways the best, of the Ignatius Timothy Trebitsch-Lin- churches, closed on a Sunday, denominational hand books for coIn "whom Scotland Yard re- the Church and Country Life when the minister is elsewhere, Movement. A generation ago ferred to as 'the most elusive constitutes one of the great abusman in the world' and whom es of American Christianity. men told me that the country church would be the clue to the United States Marshall James There used to be a Southern union of churches. On the con- M. Power characterized as 'just Methodist Bishop who shocked trary. Each denomination and each of the Christian associaan ordinary thief.' " his hearers with the statement Mr. Corsi's book is full of that "10,000 of our churches were closed last Sunday." He dramatic interest. It breathes with human sympathy and re- meant that their preachers were tions has had its own organiza- away. This "religion of the tions and its own handbooks in flects a fine social sense. CHARLES HATCH SEARS. moon" Mr. Fenner would con- the interest of its own rural units. They all do what Mr. vert by training lay readers. Fenner has done. They inter- The Episcopal Church in Town and The treatment of worship and pret the country church econom- Country. By Goodrich R. Fenner, of architecture are excellent, as ically and socially. I am amused of The National Council (Protes- to see the most conservative of tant Episcopal Church), New York one would expect, and the stand- City. 1935. ards of "church singing" are these churches advised to "make This excellent book begins un- properly high, for the Episcopal the farmer a better farmer." favorably for the non-Anglican, Church has regard "for the That was heresy, for which I as it makes so much of the priest beauty and majesty of the wor- was denounced twenty-two years and his "calling." Outside of ship that is ordered." the churches which have had The chief value of this book is ago. Now rural missions and governmental alliance, there is . in its presentation of the interest agricultural missions have gone small respect for the "divine of a church which sanctifies its all over the world and they have calling" of the pastor. Their re- houses of worship and keeps the highest approval, yet we stand today as denominational spect is for the calling of the them apart from secular use, as we were when Theodore sinner. But Mr: Fenner, subse- which sanctifies its ministers Roosevelt commanded us to proquently appeals to the pastor to and reminds them that they are mote better farming and better recognize his responsibility for priests of God. Mr. Fenner, living.

"making his people better farm- however, does not carry us as ers,"-"mental hygiene," "child far as he might, for he could The time seems to have come well have developed the Angli- for the different communions to training," "visiting the jail."

In his treatment of the "Par- can tradition in explaining the do what Mr. Fenner has in part ish Program" the author is holy offices of marriage and of done and for each to contribute· strong for surveys, organiza- the funeral service. In both of the great religious heritage it tions, publicity. He shows that these the rural pastors have has to the purely religious dehe is not only a priest but a man, much to learn from the Church velopment of the country church a brother, and an America,n; not which has a 'Prayer Book- in worship, in ceremonial, in merely an Anglican-he might great repository of religious sacrament, and in prayer.

even be accused of being a non- faith through the ages." WARREN H. WILSON.

Books Studies in the Gospel According

Matthew. E. Schuyler English. Daughter of Brahma. E. Elizabeth Once untl, ),011 would nt'lcr be ..,ilhout it. $1.75. 226 pp. Revell. New York. Vickland. 64 pp. Revell. New York. FEATURES: Introduction, by Professor George Shaw B.O South American Adventures. Alice Curtis Desmond. $2.50. 284 pp. Education in India in 1932-33. 118 The Lesson Vnu by Ynst, by Rev. David J. Fane, Jr Macmillan. New York. pp. British Library of Information. New York. Lmons from lilt WSD", by Rev Ira E. David, Ph.O Personal Items Siae Ligbls on the Leuo,,_ Selected from Many Authon The Flying Boat. Robert N. McLean. Tit, B~jnntrJ' C14n, by Eleanor M. Jonet and (Concluded from page 257.) 184 pp. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. Martha L. Fesmire. man, New York City, was elected sec- retary. A Grand-Canyon of Resurrection Re- Tht Primllty Class. by Stella M. Rudy alities. Robert G. Lee. 172 pp. The Junior Clllff, by Addie Marie French. *** $1.00. Eerdmans. Grand Rapids, Mich. SuggeJlions for the Superintendent. by Rev. F L. Squires Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan Goforth, veteran missionaries of the Presby- The New Home. Capt. Reginald Send only 10e in . (or current issue. terian Church of Canada, have re- Wallis. 96 pp. 18. Pickering & turned home and were given a public Inglis. London. Modern Trends in World Religions. reception in Knox Presbyterian Edited by A. Eustace Haydon. 255 Church, Toronto. Dr. Goforth is now Report on the Bihar Earthquake and pp. $2.50. University of Chicago blind. on the Measures Taken in Conse- Press. London. quence Thereof up to Dec. 31, 1934. *** W. B. Brett. 100 pp. Government Race Relations: Adjustment of Printing Office. Bihar, India. Whites and Negroes in the United Dr. Frederick Douglass Patterson States. Willis D. Weatherhead and who was born in Washington, D. C., Statement Exhibiting the Moral and Charles S. Johnson. 590 pp. $3.20. thirty-four years ago, has been elected Material Progress and Condition Heath. London and New York. president of Tuskegee Institute, Ala- of India During 1932-33. S. F. bama, to succeed Dr. R. R. Moton, who Stewart. Map. 197 pp. 38. H. The Drama of the Eucharist. Stacy retired after twenty years of service. M. Stationery Office. London. Waddy. 107 pp. 28. 6d. cloth, 1>1 Dr. Patterson haSi been for seven paper. S. P. G. London. years head of the Agricultural De- Wisdom and Waste in the Punjab partment at Tuskegee. Village. M. L. Darling. 368 pp. A Desert Journal. Evangeline French, 128. 6d. Oxford University Press. Mildred Cable, Francesca French. *** London. 261 pp. $3. China Inland Mission. Germantown, Pa. Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke, General Sec- India Calling: The Memories of Cor- retary of the Baptist World Alliance nelia Sorabji. Cornelia Sorabji. Evolution Disproved. Wm. A. Wil- is spending two months in the United IlIus. 308 pp. 128. 6d. Nisbet. liams. 127 pp. $1.00. Wm. A. Wil- States, expecting to return to Eng- London. liams, Camden, N. J. land in July. His plans include ad- dresses at the Northern Baptist Con- Historical Lights of Liberia's Yester- Forerunners of a New Age. Basil vention in Colorado Springs. He is day and Today. Ernest J. Yancy. Mathews. 75 cents. 90 pp. I. M. C. making preliminary arrangements for $2.50. Aldine Pub. Co., Xenia, Ohio. New York. the Sixth Baptist World Congress which is to be held in Atlanta, Geor- Two Centuries of Student Christian Four Patterns of Revolution. Ethan gia in 1939. Movements. Clarence P. Shedd. Colton. 312 pp. $2.50. Associa- 466 pp. $3. Association Press. tion Press. New York. I If you use New York. In the Shadow of Liberty. Edward PRINTING The Modern Missionary. A study of Corsi. 321 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. the human factor in the missionary New York. YOU will profit from an ac- enterprise in the light of present- quaintanceship with us. We day conditions. C. Hoffman, A. G. The Jew and the World Ferment. do the job complete in our own Hogg, F. Mackenzie, S. Neill, R. Basil Mathews. $1.50. 186 pp. plant, whether it be large or Rees, M. Wrong, W. P. Young. Friendship Press. New York. small. Edited by J. H. Oldham. 128 pp. 18. 6d. Student Christian Move- Let Us Go Into the Next Town. While our specialty is Books, ment Press. London. George P. Pierson. $1. 93 pp. Magazines and Pamphlets, yet Revell. New York. we have a variety of modern The Japan Year Book, 1934. Map. equipment to meet all the re- 1,356 pp. $5. Foreign Affairs Men and Women of Far Horizons. quirements of your particular Assn., Tokyo. Jesse R. Wilson. $1. 214 pp. job. You will find our service Friendship Press. New York. prompt, careful and courteous. Hot-Hearted: Some Women Builders of the Chinese Church. F. I. Cod- The Niger Vision. R. S. Roseberry. Will you allow us to estimate rington. IlIus. 111 pp. 28. Church $1.50. 254 pp. Christian Pub., Inc. on your next printing? We be- of England Zenana Missionary So- Harrisburg, Pa. lieve you will be delighted with ciety. London. our product, price and service. Partners in the Expanding Church. Jesus Through Japanese Eyes: A A. L. Warnshuis and Esther Strong. The EVANGELICAL PRESS Study of the Daily Life of Jesus. 62 pp. 35 cents. International Mis- Toyohiko Kagawa. Trans. by H. F. sionary Council. New York. PrinteTS of Topping and M. Draper. 160 pp. The Missionary Review of tlu! WOTId 38. Lutterworth Press. London. Protestant Church as a Social Insti- tution. H. Paul Douglass and Ed- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Outline of Buddhism. C. H. S. mund de S. Bruner. 368 pp. $2.50. Third and Reily Streets HarrIsburg. Pa. Ward. 140 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Harpers. New York. Press. London. Spirit of Modern France. Helen Hill. An Outline of Islam. C. R. North. 26 pp. 25 cents. Foreign Policy 127 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Press. Assn. and World Peace Foundation. London. New York and Boston.

Toward the Sunrising. B. H. Bruner. A Student's Philosophy of Religion. $1.50. 280 pp. Cokesbury Press. Wm. Kelley Wright. $3. Macmil- Nashville, Tenn. lan. New York.

Illlportance of Latin

The Foreign Mission study topic for the coming year will be "Revealing Christ to Latin America." This will be the subject of a series of articles in our October number. These are being prepared by men and women of wide experience-Anglo-Saxons and Latin Americans.

A SPANISH AMERICAN FEAST Important Facts as to Twenty Republics ………………… .Mary W. Williams Unevangelized Areas of Latin America …….. " ……………… John Ritchie Religious Trends Among Spanish Americans ………………. .John A. Mackay The Indians of the South Lands ……………………….. .Joseph A. Davis The Conflict of Church and State ……………………… Chas. S. Detweiler Latin American Youth of Today ……………………….. G. Baez Camargo Educational Progress and Problems ……………………….. J. E. Moreland The Living Church of Latin America ……………………. Kenneth G. Grubb Union and Cooperation in Evangelical Work …………… Webster E. Browning The Next Steps in Mission Work …………………… . Ralph E. DitJendorfer Best Books on Latin America ………… '" ……………….. .S. G. Inman Order Your Copies NOW-For Study Circles and Conferences 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN 1. PIERSON, Editor Send Your Order to MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC., Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

AGENTS WANTED H ERE are some titles of coming ar~ tides in THE REVIEW. Do not THE MISSIONARY REVIEW miss them: can be sold in quantities to every Missionary Society. It fur- Hitler and the Jews nishes information in brief, in- teresting form for leaders and Conrad Hoffmann, ]r. discussion groups. Why not act as our Agent in your church or On the Mosquito Coast community? You can advance Kenneth G. Grubb the cause of Foreign Missions, and at the same time can earn The Next Generation and Missions Robert E. Speer A Liberal Commission The Younger Men's Missionary Congress • Mills ]. Taylor Address-·-Circulation Manager Lost Condition of the Heathen The Missionary Review of the World Henry W. Frost Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa. A. A. Hyde•••A Good Steward Wm. M. Vories What Is a Faith Mission?

Robert Hall Glover 25 cents a copy $2.50 a year

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1932

1932

Student Volunteers at Buffalo An Editorial The Way of Victory in China Walter H. Judd Modern Miracles at Moga Irene Mason Harper Are Mission Boards Worth While Arthur J. Brown

~, THE BOARD OF FOREIG~ !fISSIONS . ~ ",………………..FLORIDA………..""""""'"

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ifJ PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S.A. .~ GEORGE F. TIBBITTS Found.r end Dlrecto, Keystone Heights, Fla.

THE KIN G'S BUSIN ESS (Th·,::~!:~~rn~~:::·) Dates to Remember WILLIAM P. WHITE~ D.O., Editor February 5-Closing FLORIDA MIS- SIONARY ASSEMBLY at Jacksonville. PASTORS,_TEACHERS, CHURCH L.I Ihe R••d… Sp••k lor Th….lv.. wORKER5- February 8-16-INTERNATIONAL COUN- "I u•• Ih. H.lps .ltot.lh.r In studyl,,! .y S"y CIL OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, Chi- Look .t this parti.1 list of contents: School L.non." cago, Illinois. Pm.nl-Dn Fullll••nl 01 Proph.cy "II Is .ound In doclrill••nd I. 8ne In Ib e.pOllllon February 12-WORLD DAY OF PRAYER. World events In the IllIht of Scripture. 01 deep .plrll..llrul…." , Cr_bs fro. Ih. Kln.'s r-bl. February 12-14-National Convention "Ib llllicl.. on proph.cy ar. In.plrln. 10 Ih_ of the LEAGUE OF EVANGELICAL STU- Rich Bible truths by the editor. DENTS, Pittsburgh, Pa. Conlrllt.ted Arllcl•• Iroublou. U…." July 25-31-WORLD SUNDAY SCJlOOL By outstandinlt~hrlstlan leaders. "W. and !het 'Th. Kin.'. Bu.ln…' •••b Iha CONVENTION, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Hurl 10 H••rI with OUI Younl R••d… n••d. 01 th. PI_nt day. W. cannot do without 11." Personal Items Interestlns stories with a messase. Inl.,..Uon.1 L.noll Co….ntery "I k••p.1I .y cople.lor r…..nc••"

A thorough treatment of the S. S. Lessons.

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$2 Worth For $11 Misa Anne Seedoltz, of Canton, Ohio, is the newly elected Executive THE BIBLE TODAY, a condensed, popul'!!1 pertinent evangelistic magazine, published by the Secretary of. the Council of Women Natlon.1 Bible Institute, 340 West 55th Street, New York, will b. sent to for Home Missions. After her grad- uation from Western Reserve Uni- You .ad • friend 10, versity, Miu Seesholtz was graduate exchange student in Theology at War- ONE YEAR' FOR ONE DOLLAR burg, Germany; later a teacher in (Resular subscription price 51.00 a year) Canton High School and in Y. W. C. A. work in America and Chipa. In Speci.1 offer from November 15, 1931, to February 29, 1932 1930-31 she was a member of the Fact Finding Commission for China of the DON O. SHELTON, LL.D., Editor Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry.

Some of the notable articles especially written for THE BIBLE TODAY to be published during 1931-1932 ••• "How 10 Glow • Soul," by the REV. DR. JAMES BLACK, P.stor of Free St. Georges, Edlnbursh, President G. Bromley ODUlDl of De- Pauw University, Dr. Frank W. Pad- Scotland. , elford of the/Northern Baptist Board "Lenonl Fr2111 • C.Ii," by W. HOSTE London, Ensland. of Education, Dr. Edward RyDearson "The Man Who Wenl to see What He Could see," by MELVIN 'G. KYLE, president of the Xenia of the Pittsburgh public schools voca- tional department, and Miss Ruth. F. Theological Seminary. " Woodsmall, have recently visited J a~ "1•••ln. Ihe Bible," by AMOS It WELLS, Honorary Editor of the "Christian Endeavor World. pan as members of a commission on Christian Education, similar to the And More Ih.n Fody Other InlPlrlns, Felth·llrenllh.nIIlS M……. one that went to India last year. The American and British members col- A Speci.1 Combin.tion Offer laborated with a group of Christian Japanese educators. THE BIBLE TODAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.00 } Both SUS THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD …….. : …………….. 2.50 Save 75c (Continued on 8rd CO'IJe'l') Addra. yo., Old… 10 ellher ollce "

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N.me .••••…….••…..••.. · •••.. · ..• ·• ……….. •·•·• ………………. .

Address …••……. : …………..•…………•..••.. ·•··••·•·•·•··• •

Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

The January REVIEW re- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor ceived a warm welcome in all quarters. Its contents and ap- Vol. LV February, 1932 No.2 pearance were highly com- FRONTISPIECE-Map of Arabia…….••..•••…..•..•.•..••.. mended and have already won new friends. Talk it up in your Page church and society. The fol- TOPICS OF THE TIMES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . 67 lowing are interesting comments: Students and Missions at Buffalo Power and Co-operation in "I am delighted with the J an- Progress in Persia Home Missions uary REVIEW. We will do the China's Progress Under Difficulty Student Reactions to the Vol- best we can for your fine maga- unteer Convention zine." Lucy W. Peabody.

"Let me congratulate you on LOVE-THE WAY OF VICTORY IN CHINA… . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 the new January REVIEW. It An Address at the Student Volunteer Convention at Buffalo by is excellent in every way. I Dr. Walter H. Judd think the contents make it one of the best you have issued." DO MEN REALLY NEED CHRIST? . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 By the Rev. Cleland B. McAfee, D.D., Secretary of the Board of Foreign John McDowell. Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

"Your January issue makes a DOCTORING PAGANS OF THE SUDAN. . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 81 splendid appearance. I think By Kenneth G. Fraser, F.R.G.S. the matter is fine and well balanced." Paul deSchweinitz. MODERN MIRACLES AT MOGA …………………………. 83 By Irene Mason Harper, a missionary at the Moga School "The format of the January REVIEW is certainly a great WINNING STUDENTS IN MISSION SCHOOLS. . . . . . • . • . • . • . . . •. 88 improvement and ought to be By the Rev. J. H. Linton, Missionary Bishop of the Church of England very acceptable." ARE MISSION BOARDS WORTH WHILE? . • . . . . . • • . . . • • . . . . • • 91 Jay S. Stowell. By Dr. ArthlH' J. Brown, Secretary Emeritus of the Board of Foreign "I very much like the new Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. form of the REVIEW. We sorely need such a magazine as A FORWARD MOVEMENT IN CHINA ..••.••••.••••…•..•.••. 95 this has proved to be." By the Rev. Robert Hall Glover, M.D., Home Director of the China Inland Mission in North America Katherine A. Silverthorne. PROBLEM OF CHRISTIAN COLLEGES IN INDIA………….. 98 WHAT DO YOU THINK? A recent book review by Ralph B. Nesbitt Do not fail to read the story THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN ITALy ……..••.•………•. 161 of the Student Volunteer Convention at Buffalo. That gath- By the Rev. W. H. Rainey, F.R.G.S.. Secretary for Western Europe and ering of bright, eager youth had North Africa of the British and Foreign Bible Society much of the old thrill and was tremendously encouraging. WHY IS ARABIA STILL NEGLECTED?…… .. .. .. .. .. .. .. …. 105 Read also–if you miss all By the Rev. Samuel M. Zw~mer, D.D., Professor of the History of else-the stirring story of what Religion and Christian Missions, Princeton Dr. Walter Judd discovered in his medical adventures among EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING ……………………….. 107 bandits and Christians in China. Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison CAN YOU BEAT IT? WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN …………••..• 111 Edited by Helen M. Brickman and florence G. Tyler OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ………………………….. 115 A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events We have many stirring pa- OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF………………………… 127 pers in this number. Do you Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information agree? There are many more to follow-by Prof. Jabavu of Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana South Africa; Prof. Oscar M. Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Buck of Drew University; Dr. T. Z. Koo of China; Dr. Robert Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Harrisburg, P&., under Act of March E. Speer; Dr. William R. King 3,1879. on "What Progress in Home Missions"; Dr. John McDowell Application has been made to transfer to Indianapolis, Ind. on "The New Dynamic," Sam 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Higginbottom of India – and others. Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the Will You Help to Boost the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUllLISHING CO., INC. REVIEW Circulation? Board of Directors ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL McCREA CAVERT . WM. I. ,CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer WM. B. LIPPHARD DELAVAN L. PmRSON, Secretary ERIc M. NORTH SAMUEL M. ZWEMER

TWENTY-FIVE HUNDRED STUDENT DELEGATES AT A PLATFORM MEETING IN

WHERE DR. JUDD MET THE BANDITS ON THE MIN RIVER A WARD IN DR. JUDD'S HOSPITAL AT SHAOWU REPRESENTATIVES FROM CHINA AT THE QUADRENNIAL CONVENTION OF THE STUDENT VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT. LEFT TO RIGHT. Y . E. HSIAO. SECRETARY OF THE CHINESE CHRISTIAN STUDENT ASSOCIATION; DR. T . Z. KOO.

VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE WORLD'S CHRISTIAN STUDENT FEDERATION ; MISS BOO-YU-YANG. MISS MING-SIN TANG. MISS CHI-YI CHEN; DR. WALTER H. JUDD. MEDICAL MISSIONARY TO CHINA. (SEE ARTICLE ON PAGE 73.) VIVID REMINDERS OF THE RECENT STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORW-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER Two FEBRUARY, 1932 T opies of the Times STUDENTS AND MISSIONS AT BUFFALO of the Moslem World, of India, and China, of Africa and Japan and Latin America for Christ A convention of over two thousand enthusias- and His saving Gospel. The spirit of prayer, of tic students representing five hundred educational heart-searching and of sacrifice was impressed on institutions'of the United States and Canada, is a all. Many students volunteered for service abroad thrilling sight. When we consider that these and as one result over 13,000 have actually gone young men and young women are earnest <?hris- out as missionaries to non-Christian people since tians the impression is deepened. Add to thIS the the movement was founded. The effect of these fact that the general dominating purpose of this Christian army of youth is not politics, athletics conventions was also felt in an increased missionor pleasure, but is to discover and put into prac- ary spirit in schools and colleges and in homes and tice the way to make Christ known to others and home churches. The Missionary Education Moveto make His principles dominant in every realm ment and the Laymen's Missionary Movement grew out of them.

of life-then this impression becomes an inspira- Then came the war with its devastating effect tion. and its new challenge to Christianity. The con- The Buffalo Student Volunteer Convention (De- vention at Des Moines in 1918 was a revolt against the old leadership. The five thousand students cember 30 to January 3) was not exclusively a for- who gathered there were not dominated by any eign missionary convention. The watchword of great missionary purpose. Many were ~ot even the movement-"The Evangelization of the World professing Christians. They were more mterestin This Generation"-was conspicuous by its ab- ed in race relations, economic improvement 3;nd sence. But it was a distinctly and thoroughly international peace than in world evangelization Christian convention and its motto: "The Living as such. They demanded student representation Christ in the World of Today" was fulfilled in in the councils and as a result the movement was every feature of the four-day program. reorganized under student control. The I~dian­ apolis Convention, four years later, was bUIlt ?P This twelfth convention was carefully planned on these lines with student directed forums to dISand organized, as usual, but in many respects it cuss the relation of Christ to world problems. was in marked contrast. to some that have pre- No doubt the students were somewhat extreme ceded it. In the first seven Student Volunteer and uninformed but they were thinking and conventions preceding the World War many of the delegates were volunteers for missionary service abroad and most of those who attended were mis- wished to see Christian principles applied to every sionary-minded. They had been prepared through sphere of life-on the campus and in the world at Volunteer Bands and study circles in their colleges large. The Detroit Convention was a step in adto hear direct appeals for missionary service. The vance with much the same spirit and program, addresses were powerful, informational and inspir- but ~ore intelligent, sane and constructive. ational appeals to evangelize the great non-Ch~istian peoples of other lands. It was an educatIOn The recent Buffalo Convention was a further to attend such a convention, with addresses by step forward. The more than two thousand stu- dents were predominantly earnest, intelligent and such older men as Hudson Taylor, Jacob Cham- Christian in character and purpose. In order to berlain, Bishop Thoburn, Horace G. Underwood, attend many students made great sacrifices, with and the then younger leaders John R. Mott, Robert drastic economies in food and carfare.

E. Speer, Samuel M. Zwemer and others. There The convention hall was a barnlike structure were masterly presentations of the supreme need but was made a sanctuary by the Spirit of Christ.

[67]

While there was a notable absence of missionary of Smith College aroused student enthusiasm and banners and slogans and of a map of the world, resulted in an almost unanimous vote for speedy such as were prominent at the early conventions, and drastic government action in favor of dis- the prevailing spirit and theme were represented armament and asking that President Hoover ap- by a simple gilded cross that hung at the center point a student from the United States on the back of the stage. The need of the non-Christian Geneva commission.

world for Christ and His saving Gospel was less With the atmosphere and the decks thus cleared stressed than was the need for the experience the students were more ready to devote their atand expression of the Cross in personal life and tention to the program and progress of missions in all human relationships. This aim was effec- among non-Christian peoples. These were detively emphasized but would have been more dis- scribed by Dr. John R. Mackay of Latin America, tinctly missionary if there had been a more ade- Dr. Paul W. Harrison of Arabia, the Rev. Wm. quate presentation of the needs of the non-Chris- Miller of Persia and Prof. Jabavu, who came 10,- tian peoples and the progress of Christ's program 000 miles to attend the convention. The present throughout the world. needs of the missionary movement were presented Enlisting the Student Mind in a masterly way by Dr. John R. Mott, Dr. James Endicott of Canada and by Dr. Robert E. Speer, Some special features of earlier conventions who gave a stirring address on the convention were lacking or altered at Buffalo. In place of a theme. The real climax was- in the soul-stirring missionary educational exhibit inspiring to World message by Dr. Walter H. Judd who graphically Service, the bookstall at Buffalo was chiefly com- described thrilling experiences in bandit-infested mercial and some books on sale were not even districts of China and who testified to the effec- Christian. The music was not made as vital and tiveness of love as God's way to win men to Himeffective a part of the program as in the days of self. The life aims of many students were the male quartette, though the Westminster changed by that powerful challenge. (This ad- Chorus from Ithaca College rendered beautiful dress will be found in the present number of THE and often inspiring selections. A missionary play, REVIEW.) "Ba Thane," was artistically given to show some The outstanding impressions of this convention of the hardships and disappointments of mission- were, first, the fine Christian character and spirit ary life in Burma. It might have been supple- of the students and, second, the evident earnest- mented to advantage by some scene showing as ness of their purpose to put into operation the vividly the joys that come from triumphant part- teachings and program of Christ in every sphere nership with God in His work. The spectacular and relationship of life. No one could fail to be pageant, depicting the horrors of war and eco- struck by the vast gulf that separated the boister- nomic injustice, appealed to some but the impres- ous and sometimes bibulous merrimakers at the sion made seemed scarcely to warrant the lavish hotel on New Year's Eve and the joyous but seri- expenditure of time, money and effort. ous crowd of Student Volunteers that thronged Twenty-eight round table conferences divided the ballroom of the Statler Hotel for their Watch- the students into groups to discuss topics ranging night Service of praise, prayer and silent conse- all the way from "Social Engineering" to "The cration. The students attended general meetings Gospel which Commands Us." These conferences and conferences with great faithfulness, unde- were under able leadership and were a great im- terred by blizzard weather or blazing theatrical provement over the old forums or discussion signs. Many have returned to their colleges and groups which gave students an opportunity for seminaries determined to awaken greater interest self-expression but usually reached no definite among fellow students in the program of Jesus conclusions. Christ. Is it too much to hope that they will also The program of platform addresses was fortu- be led to form again bands of Student Volunteers nately progressive. After an earnest opening ser- and mission study groups so that they may be- mon by Dr. Ernest F. Tuttle on "God and Man," come as well informed on the work of Jesus Christ the early addresses gave rather depressing pic- and the affairs of the Kingdom of God as they are tures of "The Present World Situation"-as de- on international politics and economic and social scribed by Mr. Kirby Page and Dr. T. Z. Koo- problems? We look forward to the New Year without presenting the remedy. The very able with renewed hope and courage as we consider critical analysis of the missionary enterprise by the consecrated youth who are ready to follow Dr. Oscar M. Buck of Drew University and the and proclaim the way of the Cross, and as we picture of conditions in South Africa by Prof. D. realize the Power of God that is available to trans- D. T. Jabavu were challenging. The a,ppeal for form present ignorance, weakness, selfishness and international disarmament by Prof. Ralph Harlow corruption into Christlike wisdom, power, self-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

sacrifice and purity. May God hasten the day CHINA'S PROGRESS UNDER DIFFICULTY when thousands of the finest of the youth of China's relations with her island neighbor have America will again respond to the call of Christ engrossed universal attention since last Septemto be His ambassadors to their fellow men and ber. The effect of the strained relations with women of every race and nation and when all Japan-often very tense in the past, but now Christians will be intelligent and effective part- strained beyond any previous experience-is twoners with God in the work of transforming every fold, one for evil and one for good. The fear and human enterprise and relationship through the hatred felt in China, especially since 1915, in relapower of the Holy Spirit. tion to Japan, smouldering at times, eruptive at times, have been intensified to the utmost by re- PROGRESS IN PERSIA cent events. These sentiments have found violent expression among China's students, who have come The changes that have taken place in ancient to a realization of their power since 1919, but they Persia are astounding. Many old things passed too often exaggerate. that power and distort the away with the expulsion of the old Shah and life nature of the responsibility which it imposes, thus has taken on a new significance, with new outlook inflicting wounds instead of welfare, and violently and opportunities. Not only has there been ma- pressing mad counsels upon their more experi- terial progress, with the building of roads and the enced rulers. Another evil effect is the very real increase of automobiles and airplane traffic, but threat to world peace through a sympathetic in- enlightenment and greater freedom have come to volvement of other nations in what has been a women and in politics, education and religion. real war in Manchuria though without formal About four years ago the Persian Government declaration.

issued an edict banning the teaching of the Chris- The indirect good effects of China's evil plight, tian religion or the observance of the Christian may, in God's overruling Providence, eventually religion in mission schools and colleges. The prove greater than the evil, whatever may be done, American Presbyterian and the Church of Eng- or left undone, by the sorely harried League of land missions prepared to close their educational Nations. In the midst of the general bitterness work rather than comply. The Ministry of Edu- there has bloomed the beautiful blossom of a long- cation saw new light and forbore to enforce the retarded bud of international Christian love.

edict. Twelve years ago any suggestion in China, even in A recent letter from Persia reports that the Christian gatherings, that any love was due to Government has been endeavoring to regulate the any of the hated nation, was scouted with intense mission schools-not only in the secular subjects reprobation. The Chinese Church refused to send but in religious matters, insisting that the Koran delegates to the World's Sunday School Conven- and related subjects shall be taught in all schools. tion because it was held in Tokio. Last year an This is a step further than that taken by Japan extensive Good-will Tour of Japan was conducted and China. The missionaries in Persia have been by Chinese Christian students who were warmly praying unceasingly that the Ministry of Educa- welcomed in that country; and even at the Man- tion might experience a change of mind and ap- churian crisis in September Chinese and Japan- pealed to the Government against the enforcement ese delegates consented to sit together in Shanghai of this edict. Now our correspondent writes: at the Institute of Pacific Relations. Letters of "Thank God, yesterday we were given the news cordial brotherhood have also passed back and that Christian schools might carryon as before. forth between the National Christian Councils of lt is great to be backed up by prayer in this way. China and Japan, calling for earnest prayer that The thing that grips me is not SO much the result peaceful means of settling all controversy might of prayer in a special crisis but that the ordinary be found. Patriotic visitors from Japan apolo- daily prayer life makes it possible to meet every gized for their own country's method of settling difficulty and makes our work effective." her disputes.

The results of missionary work is not only evi- Again, with an outcome which only the future dent today in Persia in the number of Moslem stu- can reveal, China's accumulation of distresses dents seeking admission to Christian schools but has brought about a cessation of civil strife be- in the remarkable influence of Christian truth on tween Nanking and Canton and plans have been the characters and lives of students and their par- formed for the unification of the country under a ents. There is a real spiritual awakening in Per- coalition government with a smaller military ele- sia today and a readiness on the part of Moslems ment than in th'e past, though with professedly in- to openly confess Christ, in spite of opposition creased inclination to radical policies. The sep- and persecution. This is the time to pray for arate Cantonese Government has been discon- Persia. tinued. Strangely enough, among the first acts

of the new central government was the rescinding of the missionary, the greatest fact of all is that of the proclaimed abolition of all extraterritorial privileges from January 1, 1932. This is the op- the preaching of the Gospel goes on with increasposite of radicalism. Vigorous restraint has also been brought to bear upon the lawlessly radical ing vigor and with results hardly equalled in the students, and has ended their suicidally foolish past and scarcely to be expected in the confused demonstrations. present. COURTNEY H. FENN. The afflictions of civil warfare, flood and other evils which have brought the Chinese to the verge POWER AND CO-OPERATION IN HOME of despair have awakened many of the leaders to MISSIONS a keener realization of the fact that the impotence of her 400,000,000 people to ef£e.ctively oppose a For the first time the Home Missions Council neighbor with one-fourth her number, is due al- and the Women's Council for Home Missions met most entirely, not to the often proclaimed fact in Canada and in its great center of religious acthat "China is a peace-loving nation," but to the tivity, Toronto, January 4-6. Canadian represenlack of leaders who have been ready to subordi- tatives on these councils have sometimes felt that nate personal ambitions to the welfare of the na- the attention given to home missions in the United tion. The great peril of the present national States caused the great problems of Canada to be awakening is the temptation to attribute the chief overlooked. This year there was opportunity to causes of her weakness to the failure to develop a view the important and far-flung work of the military and naval power equal to that of her Canadian churches in the vast area from Labraneighbor. Any final failure of the League of dor to British Columbia and from the United Nations to uphold the various policies, treaties, States border to the Yukon. and compacts for which the League stands, will render certain this most unfortunate misinterpre- The value of the Home Missions Congress, held tation and will lead to an increased devotion of in Washington in December a year ago, was recnational resources to the equipment of her supe- ognized and the studies and findings of that rior numbers with an invincible armament. memorable assembly have been accepted as stand- ards of measurement for the enterprise in the The extraordinary international situation has varied fields there considered. In order that the so overshadowed everything purely domestic as to message of the Congress might be carried to the relegate even China's unparalleled floods to the churches and people in all parts of the country background. Yet nothing has more clearly dem- to arouse them to a sense of the magnitude, imporonstrated China's real progress than the manner tance, and urgency of home mission work, continin which she has accepted this awful calamity as uation conferences were held in various cities and Heaven's punishment for the sins of the people are to be continued through the present year. and their rulers, and has shouldered the chief responsibility for relief and rehabilitation. Though Two outstanding notes of these gatherings were in her wretchedness she has cried for help to bear the emphases on the spiritual dynamic and cothe burden which is too great for her, yet 80 per operation. The opening address of the President, cent of the relief thus far provided has come from Dr. John McDowell, gave the keynote to the first Chinese at home or abroad, and China refuses to of these calls. The vastness of the task, the combe overwhelmed by the appalling disaster. The plexity of the problems faced, and the sense of national relief organization follows the receding human limitation, driven home upon every agency waters, erecting stronger and higher dykes and in this period of financial stringency and of inother conservancy works; the poor people who creasing materialistic pressure, called forth rehave lost all are beginning again with a cheerful peated expressions of the need of stressing the courage. Road-making, street-widening, city-mod- spiritual aspects of home missions and of humble ernizing are going on apace in spite of floods and reliance upon the divine resources. bandits, poverty and war; Christian schools are full to overflowing and with few exceptions are Each year the necessity for cooperation in home preserving their Christian character. The cure mission work has been recognized, but the report of illiteracy through the popular education move- of Dr. William R. King, the general secretary of ment has made great progress; agricultural train- the Home Missions Council, was a revelation of ing and rural reconstruction are taking a strong how closely related the various boards and agenhold on the minds of leaders; industrial develop- cies are in their studies, plans, and service. In ment and regulation occupy a prominent position addition to the joint committees of the Home Misin the program of the central government and of sions Council and the Women's Council for Home great municipalities. And from the point of view Missions on Indians, Negroes, New Americans, etc., there are various enterprises, such as the work at Boulder City and Havana, which are con- ducted under the supervision of the Council.

An important field for cooperative service is

work for the Jews. It was the unanimous view council in the Canadian Government, declared of the Council that in this particular field coopera- that the greatest need of our times is the christion is necessary if any adequate service is to be tianizing of our ecclesiastical relations, of our sorendered. The Administrative Committee was in- cial relations, and of our international relations. structed to take the necessary steps to set up a "Racial prejudice," he said, "is in us all; yet it is department on the "Christian Approach to the as anti-Christian as anything can be. We have Jews" for educational or other service in which not accepted as truth the declaration that 'God the boards might desire to cooperate. hath made of one blood all the nations of men', but this is as true as that no individual can live The principle accepted in the matter of comity, today for himself alone." which promises to prevent overlapping in small communities, is "that the Home Mission funds The Home Missions Council re-elected Dr. John ought not to be used for the support of enterprises McDowell as president, Dr. William R. King as which compete with other evangelical denomina- executive secretary, and Rev. J. R. Hargreaves as tions." field secretary. The Women's Council elected as executive secretary Miss Anne Seesholtz. The popular meeting, in connection with the banquet, marked the peak of vision and inspira- The annual meeting, in spite of the economic tion. Bishop Francis J. McConnell sounded a depression which has been so trying to the soul call for consecrated personality in Home Missions of board administrators as well as to the faith and Miss Mabel Cartwright, LL.D., president of and endurance of loyal missionaries on the field, the Women's Auxiliary of the Church of England was marked by the spirit of hope and was forin Canada, issued a challenge to greater courage ward-looking in its plans for the future. It is in her spiritually-appealing and thought-provok- proposed to mark the close of the Five-Year Proing address on "The Call to Adventure in Home gram by another National Congress in January, Mission Work." The Honorable N. W. Rowell, 1934, to review the results of the five-year study King's Councilor, vice-president of the Institute and to consider advance steps for the future. on Pacific Relations, former president of the J. S. CONNING.

STUDENT REACTIONS TO THE VOLUNTEER CONVENTION From a Daughter of India long to. the same town or country, or speak the same language as we. The horizon of our respon- The main impression made by a large conven- sibility is widened out till it reaches to the farthtion of Christian men and women who have come est ends of the earth. to receive new inspiration and to take up the challenge of a world mission is that one finds God in a No one could come away from the convention truer, fuller way, and one recognizes more clearly without realizing that missions have accomplished our responsibility to seek and to find our fellow- great things of real value which other agencies men. This was clearly the great keynote of the have not been able to accomplish. Evangelistic, convention. educational and medical missions have helped to remove many of the outstanding evils of the world It was a great inspiration to watch the youth and have founded many young churches in all of North America so deeply enthusiastic about countries where Christianity was once unknown. bringing the message of Christ to the world. The respect for human personality which Christ Christ is the only solution for all our political and taught has gone far into the hearts of men where social problems, and the missionary movement is human beings were formerly considered to be of therefore one of the most important and greatly little value. needed movements in the world today. This convention clearly opened up a world It was very encouraging to be in close contact vision and the need for Christian missions in a with men and women who are interested in the perplexing situation. same cause in this age of skepticism and doubt. If religion is caught and is not taught, what a con- "I have not been interested in missions," said tribution this convention makes to the American an American college graduate to me, "but this youth! The representatives from other countries convention has shown me what missions mean to received inspiration from meeting those who the world." have a common aim and have devoted their lives to serving our Master. "It has been a great inspiration to meet at this convention men and women who are consecrated At the convention we came to realize more fully to the service of God," said another lady.

the responsibility of each Christian for uplifting "How may I -get the same spirit and the same Christian enthusiasm that are found in our leadthe rest of humanity. We were clearly shown ers and speakers and how may I pass them on to others?" were questions expressed by many a that our "brothers" are not merely those who be-

student at the convention. This challenge may who shared with us their experiences of the past mean a great deal to the future of the world. We and their faith for the future. have seen the need for finding God in all His power and His love and finding our fellowmen. The Buffalo Convention brings before me a se- We feel the need for one hundred per cent Chris- ries of impressions vivid and varied, but all extian men and women who will bring the message pressing the fellowship of Christians aU over the of Christ to this needy world. The responsibility world. They include impressions of groups and of each Christian has been so clearly shown that of leaders, but most of all impressions of new one feels ready to take up the challenge. ideas. Some one has said, "Nothing hurts so much as the entrance of a new idea," but the stu- "He is counting on you; if you fail, what then?" dents at Buffalo received plenty of new ideas! MARIAM MATHEWS. The conference is over, but the impressions re- main. We wonder what will be the real results! Biblical Seminary, New York. MARGARET T. SCOTT. From a Chinese Delegate Smith College, Northampton.

When thousands of delegates from different parts of the world, moved by one religious faith, From a Yale Senior meet under one roof, we might feel that world fel- At the end of most student conventions the col- lowship is no longer merely an ideal but a fact. lege delegate is found wondering what definite After hearing addresses dealing with the analysis values, if any, he has derived from the meeting.

of our modern world we were convinced that the Not so at the close of the recent Student Volun- world is really full of disharmony and chaos. teer Convention.

Under such conditions we realized that the world The first conviction is that Christian missions needs our united effort to bring about the real today are exerting a definite influence for good world fellowship. in all parts of the world. Evidence is not lacking.

The influence of the convention on the outgoing To learn from men just back from the field that missionaries was to give a .lot of information to conversions are made by Christian example rather those who were not familiar with the mission than by argument; to hear that the finances of field, but those who are familiar with the situa- medical clinics, such as that conducted by Dr. Wal- tion felt that the convention failed to give any ter Judd at Shaowu, in one of the most disturbed definite Christian program to reconstruct the areas of China, are handled by the Chinese them- world. C. C. LIANG. selves, and the hospital is actually operating with . Hartford SemirurLry and Yenching University. a bank balance of some six thousand dollars; to From a Senior at Smith understand that Christian missionaries are work- Two great central features of the Student Vol- ing to bring the people whom they today are helpunteer Convention at Buffalo were the large auditorium meetings, where we got a sense that we ing to the place where they will be able to help were in a great movement that really stretched around the world, and the smaller Round Table themselves-all this makes any thoughtful person groups where we could discuss to our hearts' content what we had heard in the larger meetings. desire to support these missionaries in what they There were some tremendously powerful things are doing to make a better world. said at the conference by missionaries and national leaders from around the world. Many of The Buffalo Convention impressed on aU presthese made a deep and lasting impression. Every meeting seemed to be a climax, but the climax of ent the fact a reduction of armaments alone canclimaxes for me was the evening when Dr. Walter Judd spoke on "The Way of Love in China" and not secure world peace over a period of years. gave a message that swept that crowd of students off its feet. At a committee meeting which fol- This will come only through the realization that lowed that session we just had to give up and go home. You cannot get your feet on the ground a nation's problems are the world's problemswhen you have been hit by the impelling force of a powerful ideal that sweeps you miles out into and that we in America are not only United States the beyond. New lines of vision had been opened up to us and we seemed to be such infinitesimal citizens but world citizens. The day when man parts of God's world that we felt a jolt every time we realized the potential horizons of action before will be living in such a utopia seems to be far off, us. We can never be too grateful to the leaders but this is no reason to be downcast, as was point- ed out by Professor J abavu, a South African na- tive. One should go about smiling with the faith that no matter what condition world affairs may be in, God is definitely at work in His world.

Behind every activity at the convention-in the "round table" discussions, in the platform speech- es, and particularly in Dr. T. Z. Koo's final ad- dress on "The Cross," was expressed the crying need for God-centered men in every walk of life today. HAZARD GILLESPIE.

Yale University.

Love-The Way of Victory In China*

..:( By WALTER H. JUDD, M. D. ):..

American Board Mission, Shaowu, Fukien, China W HY are we so careless about the invest- the most remarkable women I ever saw. She can ment of the only life we have? We spend do more good and· with greater graciousness and much time in planning what we will do with less effort than any person I have ever seen. with a summer vacation or some other little epi- She has had thirteen children, of whom twelve sode, but when it comes to deciding what we are are living. She had trachoma for two years and going to do with the only life we have, we just I had to operate on the lids twice. Not one of her hope that something will turn up to decide it for children ever had trachoma-she is that clean.

us. I am interested in my life, She is the best midwife in the as you are interested in yours. hospital and does most of the I don't want to throw it away The most stirring address work throughout the c h u r c h on a hopeless enterprise. I district. want to make it count for some- given at the recent Student thing. Mrs. Chao is also very artis- Volunteer Convention was by tic. She draws and paints, and When I went to China six almost every evening, as we sat years ago I had reasons strong this young medical missionary there, while I studied Chinese enough to cause me to pull up who has spent six years in with the younger boys, she was my roots here and try to trans- doing fancy work. One eveplant them over there. They China. His hospital was loot- ning I counted sixty-six pieces were arm chair convictions, if ed by bandits many times; he of cloth on which she was you like; but there is another drawing designs so that .some way of forming convictions- was once stood up to be Shot mother could embroider it, for and was twice in the hands of bandits. What he learned of the Chinese and the way to by flinging one's faith down in win them for Christ is here a cap or bib, hoping that Mrs. the heat of battle and seeing told with compelling power. Chao having done it, her child what comes out-the scientific It is the experience of a young will be strong and healthy. follower of Christ who has method, we might call it. Some This wonderful woman loves of the convictions I had before not feared to face death for the whole district, and goes out I went to China were strength- the sake of his Master and to do evangelistic work among ened beyond belief, and some those for whom the Master the people, everything fro m did not hold. To others I was died. how to bathe the baby to how driven by the sheer exigencies to read the Bible.

of the difficult situation. I Two years and a half ago, would like to share with you some of those convic- when I had been living in the hospital on the same tions. I can report to you that they hold! food as the patients and the nurses, Mrs. Chao 1. The first conviction is that all people around said to me, "Doctor Judd, you are getting thin."

the world are essentially the same. I have lived "No," I said, "I was always like this."

for two years in a Chinese home, most of that time "But you are getting thinner. You aren't get- the only man who spoke English in that part of ting good enough food. You ought to have somethe country, about twelve days' journey from any other American. In that home were twelve chil- body to look after you." dren. I understand the members of that family Then this woman with twelve children took me better than I understand some of the members of my own family from whom I have been separated on as the thirteenth. If you knew her you never for six years. again would say, "What difference does it make to us what happens to China." Mrs. Chao, the mother of this family, is one of When I went· into Chinese homes the young- sters, as soon as they saw that I wouldn't bite • This is an address given at the recent Student Volunteer Conven- them, would edge up to me, and want to feel my tion in Buffalo. Dr. Judd was for six years medical missionary in one white skin, particularly the hair on my wrist. of the most disturbed areas of China. He was traveling secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement in 1924 and 1925.-Edita.-.

[73]

They thought: Foreigners have hair on their erty. We assume such changes are possible, inwrists just like animals. evitable. We in the West have learned to change because of the stimulation of one nation by an- Yes, there are differences of color in human other near at hand. China was surrounded by beings, and differences of language and custom; natural barriers which prevented such stimulation but the loves and the hates, the passions and de- from neighboring nations. sires, the capacity for sorrow and joy are the same. This may seem trite but if we believed it China is bounded on the Southwest by the Himwe would act differently. alaya Mountains, on the Northwest by the Gobi Desert, on the East and South by the sea. As a Isolation Is Abolished result, she built this self-contained, stagnant, un- changing nation. An occasional Marco Polo, or 2. Secondly, in a world in which the people are Jesuit priest, or other individual came through essentially the same, we must all stand or fall to- and there was a certain amount of foreign trade. gether. That is my second conviction. Interesting individuals from abroad caused a lot of comment in the Imperial Courts, but there was America, my own beloved country, cannot keep no impact of one civilization over on another. It her material wealth, her standard of living, to say was as though a man landed on this planet from nothing of her soul, while the rest of the world Mars. We would be interested in him and would lies prostrate. She can't do it. I don't hesitate to have big headlines about it in the newspapers, be dogmatic about it. but he wouldn't make any difference in our daily living. We have a peace problem. It takes two nations to make a war and it takes two to make a treaty. But suppose that day after tomorrow Mars No treaty of peace will ever be more than a scrap bumped up against the Earth and sent men and of paper unless both nations enter into it with machinery and implements of war to our planet good faith. that were far more advanced than ours? Suppose that in everything we tried to compete with them It takes two races to make a race problem. we always came off second best? That is precisely And it is not enough to change the attitude of what has happened to China. one race in order to solve that problem. The Chinese civilization is built around the The economic depression is occupying our ho- blood unit, the family. Ours is built around the rizon today. How are we going to get our fac- political unit, the State. In China, as long as a tories running again? man maintained peace and paid his taxes there was no interference by the government. His fam- As long as there is a man in America who does ily and his clan ran itself quite adequately for a piece of work in a factory at seven dollars a four thousand years. We have no conception of day, while in China a man is turning out the same the terrific momentum of that thing, and then, product for ten cents a day, we cannot jack the suddenly they were called upon to change and tariff wall up high enough to overcome that in- modernize their manner of life and their philosoequality. American labor cannot maintain the phy. Inevitably great difficulties arose. standard of living to which it is accustomed and meet that competition. If the standard of living Let me give a concrete illustration of how this in China doesn't come up somewhere near ours, old, unchanging world of China was suddenly then ours must go down nearer to theirs. We called upon to modernize her worn out, inadequate can't live by ourselves alone. civilization. For centuries China did not feel the need of transportation facilities because every dis- Unless we remember certain basic principles trict was self-contained. Now there is not enough we can't make sense out of some things that hap- food in a district to supply the need. A man can't pen in China. We are apt to assume that the Chinese will do in a certain situation what we would a carry more than about one hundred and thirty do, and he probably will not. pounds of rice day, and since he must eat, by the If you will keep one or two facts in the back time he reaches a distant famine stricken region of your mind, they will help you to understand he ha1? eaten up all his own rice. You can't solve the difficulty in China. the problem that way.

The first is that China built and maintained for They do not build railways because it takes over four thousand years a civilization on the as- capital and you can't save much money out of sumption of an unchanging world. It never had from thirty-five to sixty dollars income a year. changed, and she supposed it never would change. Foreigners must have high rates of interest if Our western civilization is based on the assump- they loan capital because the risk is so great and tion of the inevitability of a changing world. We they insist upon having an army in China to protalk in religion about the Kingdom of Heaven on tect their interests. So China does not want forearth; in politics about the United States of the World; in economics about the abolition of pov-

LOVE-THE WAY OF VICTORY IN CHINA

eign built railroads and can't transport rice to hope for China except in producing the right kind famine districts. of men and women. In a Chinese classic, I came across this word, written hundreds of years ago The language is also difficult. In my province by one of the old scholars: there are over two hundred dialects. Every forty or fifty miles you go, you find that they speak an If you are going to plant for one year, sow grain; if entirely different dialect. There is also the lack you are going to plant for ten years, put in trees; if you of a national press. In America, in twenty-four are going to plant for one hundred years, grow men. hours after an event happens three-fourths of our people are aware of it. In China it is weeks be- That presents the whole genius of the missionfore many people hear. Not more than ten or ary enterprise. There is no system of mass profifteen per cent can read and write. We don't duction of character. We must help China derealize what a unifying and educating influence velop men of character. our press exerts. Sun Yat Sen was only one man, but for forty There are many different opinions in China. It years he never swerved a hair's breadth from one is confusing. Some believe in competition; others idea and devotion. He changed the whole face of desire Communism. Another group says that it is China. He was a man of absolute integrity. Milthe machine that makes the Western civilization lions of dollars went through his hands, and not a great. While another group says that machines penny stuck. We must not be discouraged if we put millions out of employment. This group says can produce even one man of Christ-like character. we need dictatorship in our government, and an- There is no hope except in men of the right type. other group says democracy; this group says the I believed that before. I am dead sure of it now. way is force; we must have a great army and navy. Others say we need economic power. An- The Way of Love Works other group says that force is always a sign of defeat; the way is love and good will. 4. The next conviction that I want to share with you is that the way of love works. I be- With all these confusing, conflicting ideas is it lieved it was true before I went to China, but I a wonder there is difficulty in China today? But was afraid it might not stand the test. difficult as it is, the problem of China must be solved. Our nation herself cannot live without My hospital in Shaowu has been taken over China. seven times by hostile groups in the last five years. Every time we were practically cleaned The Great Need Is Men out, except the drug room. Thank heaven the drugs come in the foreign bottle with the foreign 3. My third great conviction is that there is no names and they were ,afraid to monkey with them solution to any of these problems, at home or because they heard that some contained poison. abroad, except in producing the right sort of men. That enabled me to carryon. I believe in treaties and disarmament and institutions, but I sometimes wonder if we don't let our- There were many Chinese with sore toes and selves believe too much in anything that is signed blisters, and stomach ache, or cough, and fevers by men who are less than trustworthy men of who had to forego their pride for a moment and good will. come to the foreign doctor. They are prejudiced against us until they know us, just as we are prej- We have a maxim in medicine that you must not udiced against them-until we know them. That give a hypodermic of morphine to a patient until is natural. We all do it. I don't like it, but I can't you have made a diagnosis, because the morphine get excited about it. gives you a false sense of security and you can't make a correct diagnosis. If we have disarma- They are prejudicial and misjudge us. They ment conferences with men of less than good will, say this man is a white man-off with his head. we must not take a hypodermic of morphine that Later they may discover that this particular forgives us a false sense of security. It will rob the eigner is more or less harmless, and some of the world of the one remedy that will save the world, more sensitive spirits are ashamed of th:;tt shabby and that is the religion of Christ. treatment of the early days.

I sometimes feel that we cannot depend on any- Three of many illustrations may show concretething done by men who are less than Christian ly that the "way of love" does work. men. I know China's faults, but someone must help China build internal restraint of character In 1927, when I had been in China only a short to take care of the old external restraints of social time, the Nationalist movement was advancing and family life, or China will go down. Many from the South, fed up with Russian propaganda. young Chinese, with the finest ideals, are trying Russia was trying to promote a world revolution to modernize this great nation, but there is no and the greatest obstacle was the British Govern- ment. If she could break Great Britain's hold in China, she could overthrow the government. She taught the Chinese to hate all Britishers.

When the Communist army entered Shaowu I knew he was a bandit and he knew that I somebody told them I was a Britisher. They knew he was a bandit, but we didn't say anybound me up to shoot me. I protested that I was thing about it. That man became my protector not a Britisher, but they didn't believe me. So and you ought to have heard him take my part. naturally they paid no attention to what I said. Here was a prize of $50,000, (they think we are I was talking full speed. It is amazing how well all rich; they made a mistake) and they didn't you can talk Chinese when you have to! I tried want to lose me. to delay the game long enough for my friends to gather around to take my part. I tried to get my The man protested for two hours and finally, passport, but they wouldn't let me loose to go prevailed. They put four men on the boat and sent word to the main body of bandits down beafter it. low not to shoot us when we went by. In about three minutes-I thought it was three Again I found that the way of love works. weeks-along came a farmer. I didn't recognize him then, but I found afterwards that I had once Three Months in Captivity operated on a boil on his neck. That apparently incurred the man's favor. He heard me protest- Another experience that proved this was when ing, "I am not an Englishman; I am an Ameri- I was in captivity last year, under the hands of can." He had never been ten miles away from the most cruel, vicious man I ever saw. Every home in his life and had no idea what an Ameri- country has good men and women and every councan was, but he knew I was trying to convince try has bad men and women. This was a terrible these people so he swore that I was an American. man. He was ignorant and uneducated; but a man who can hold out as the head of a band of He got down on his knees and hit his head on eight or nine thousand bandits has force of charthe rocks until the blood ran out. One man acter. grabbed him by the back of his coat and another pricked him with his bayonet. They hit him with He captured our city in 1930 and was there the butts of their guns. I thought they were go- for three months. As long as he was allowed to ing to kill him then and there. He delayed the get money from the taxes he would do it with the game long enough for others to come and take my pretense of legality. I attended to my business part. Finally the magistrate told them to let me and took care of them and didn't make any effort go and they apologized. to escape, so they left me alone.

One little touch of kindness, such as that farmer This bandit chief got a bad Gase of conjuctivitis. had experienced in the hospital, works wonders. He took Chinese medicine and got worse. Then he came to me, and I was able to clear it up. That About three years ago I was going down the put him under some obligation. river with another doctor who was very ill. He had to go down the river where he could get better When the fighting in the North was finished, care or he was sure to die. There was great risk and the National Army started to send good troops on the river from bandits. The second day out back to the South, we knew we were headed for we ran into the bandits-40 or 50 of them. I trouble. About that time I came down with the thought, "If they take me on the hill, it is all right. forty-sixth attack of malignant malaria. It was I am young and perhaps can talk them out of it, the worst. I couldn't develop resistance to it. One but if they take old Dr. Bliss, he will die in one attack came on when I was especially busy. After night from midwinter exposure." Luckily among a night of delirium, I was clear in the morning the bandits I saw a fellow I recognized as having and said to the little nurse, the daughter of Mrs. been in the hospital as a patient. Nobody likes to Chao, a graduate of a Methodist hospital in Pekbe known as a bandit and many of them will go ing, and the finest nurse I ever worked with, "I to the hospital some time during the year to get know how people feel who have been caught out cleaned up and be a good citizen for a while. This in the snowstorm and want to lie down and die." man had been a good friend of mine as far as I knew, when he was in the hospital. Now he began That little nurse came to me with the tears pourto edge off, for he was ashamed to let me see him ing down her face. She knew what we were up there. I walked up to him and said, "My, I am against, for she had seen people die of malignant glad I ran into you! The old doctor is very ill malaria. and must go down the river. I was nervous about things for I heard there were bandits and was I told her to go to her uncle, who runs a mediafraid we might run into some." cine shop and had been given some of our good quinine, and to get enough for injections to last "That is right," he said, "there are bandits down eight or nine days. If she could not get it there here. You ought not to go down the river." she was to send a telegram to the folks in Foo- chow, and to persuade the postal authorities to "Can't you do something to help m~?" I asked. allow some to be sent up by carrier, because the parcel post service had been suspended. That was

the last I knew for four days. She got the qui- a Christian ought to act, I am not afraid of the nine. For eleven days I wasn't able to swallow consequences.

a thing-that nurse had to give me nourishment 5. The way of love works, yes, but the way of by other means. love is the way of the Cross. It can't stop short of When I began to take a little nourishment a the cross. When you live alone for two years and Swiss Catholic priest was brought in. He lived get under your mosquito net at dark so you won't in a neighboring district and had become very ill. die of malaria, you have a lot of time to think.

There we were, two sick foreigners, twelve days' This idea haunts me in the middle of the night.

journey from the next white man! I had to do the It is fundamental. It is the whole foundation of best I could for him. But he had multiple abscess the program of Christ.

of the liver and was so far gone I was sure he Jesus preached as never man can preach, so we couldn't get well. I went to him day by day in a preach as best we can. He taught; so have we chair until I couldn't go any more. Then he died taught. He healed in ways we haven't been able and I came pretty near going with him. That to duplicate; so have we healed. He lived his win- little nurse never wavered. some life among the people. He loved them with When I began to pick up strength word came His glorious love. He shared his magnificent per- the soldiers were being sent down to take the dis- sonality with them. But all that was not enough.

trict and this bandit group would be cleaned up. We seem to assume that if we just keep on teach- They would take me and hold me for ransom, be- ing and healing and preaching long enough and cause they needed a doctor. Worse. than that, living and loving and sharing long enough, the they would take my little nurse who is the best Kingdom will come. We have been at it for 1900 trained and most attractive girl in the whole dis- years, and it hasn't come yet. I cannot avoid the trict. She would have a fate far worse than that haunting conviction that we will be at it for 19,000 of a concubine. years more on that basis. If Jesus Christ, my That was at Christmas time a year ago. This Lord and yours, with the winsomeness of the Son New Year's Eve I sat and watched a party of gay of God, was not able to break down the intractable Americans in a hotel, and I thought of the year human hearts by preaching and healing and lov- ago New Year's Eve. I thought, "Is it possible ing and sharing, then you will never be able and I that people are living here in this way, and at the will never be able to do it by that method.

same time, over in China, on the same earth, two I am dead sure now that there is no other way such utterly different situations can exist?" for the Kingdom of God to come, except the way The day before the last New Year a secretary of the Cross-the way of death.

from headquarters said: "Doctor, we are going Does that mean physical death? No. Don't be to leave and they are going to take you and the afraid of that. It will mean death for a handful, nurse, and will loot the city tonight." but that is relatively easy; I can bear testimony.

I knew what would happen to me in two days But the way of the Cross means that those of you of exposure in the middle of the winter. who may become rich will deliberately remain But at seven o'clock, last New Year's Eve, Lu poor for the sake of the Kingdom; those who can Ching Me, the leader himself, came into my dis- go out and write your names across the headlines pensary and said: "Dr. Judd, we are leaving to- of the country will deliberately choose to remain night, and I was going to take you along, but I am obscure for the sake of the Kingdom; that those not going to do it. You have taken care of us in who could surround themselves with luxuries will the hospital here, and I know you are not getting deliberately choose to work like servants for the any money out of it. I don't know why you do it. sake of the Kingdom. Christ told us about a man If you had to live the way we will live in the hills who had a lot of pearls, all fine pearls, but when in the middle of the winter, you wouldn't live long. he saw a pearl of great price, for joy he sold all Hence I am not going to take you. How much do his own pearls that he might get the Pearl of we owe the hospital?" That was the first time Great Price. He concentrated on the pearl of one of that type of person had ever offered to pay great price and forgot about the other pearls.

us anything. He paid the hospital $170 and went That is what the Cross is. "He who loses his life out and in the middle of the night, when the shops for my sake and the Gospel," said Jesus, "finds it."

were all closed so they couldn't loot and he could The way of the Cross works. But it is the way of control his own men, he left the city without tak- love that is the way of the Cross.

ing a man or a woman. The way of love works! 6. Finally, I bear my final testimony. When Don't misunderstand me. My religion is not I went to China, I had in my heart this pledge of just a charm to me to keep me safe. I may get Christ: .

picked off the second day I return to China, but I "Lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of will never have another worry, because if I act as the world."

That, too, is true. I was afraid that it might It is true. The way of love, the way of the not work, but it is true. Cross, works. I can't explain it. I can't explain Jesus Christ wants to give us abundant life, and how the food I eat is distributed. Some of it be- we insist on keeping less than abundant life. He comes brain, some blood, some bone. There is no wants to give us gold, and we cling to brass. He chemist in the world who knows all that in de- wants to give us heavenly visions, and we won't tail. If there were he would be the greatest chem- take our eyes off the muck heap. ist the world has ever known. But I haven't Morning after morning, during the hard days stopped eating just because I can't explain it all.

last year, when I was in captivity, and the Reds I cannot explain how the way· of the Cross and Communists were only about a half day's works. It is not in the realm of logical proof. journey distant, during the night nobody took off It is in the realm of demonstration, and it works. his clothes, as the Communists practically always move about at night. During those months, I As I was leaving China last spring, I waited and woke up every morning and prayed this simple waited, hoping somebody would come and take my prayer. It, too, works. I was supported by this place. When the malaria season began again, the prayer just as my bed supported my body. The first of May, I promised my board I would come sense of God's presence held me steady, gave me out, for I was sure it was the right thing to do. confidence and assurance. My people pled with me and said: "You have been so sick, you can't stay here. We know it is terrible. o Master, let me walk with Thee Some of our children will die, but you must go."

In lowly paths of service free; When I pulled out on the first day of May there Tell me Thy secret; help me bear were about four hundred people on the river The strain of toil, the fret of care. banks. I looked at the little youngsters, and thought some of them would die before I returned. You had to go, Christ. They came into your Some of them have died because I was not there. clinic and they touched the hem of your garment. But it seemed I must leave. After all, it was no Something happened to Christ. He will be with worse for them to lose their doctor on the first of me here today. Here is a tooth to pull; there a May by my leaving, than to lose him on the first baby with its abdomen full of worms.

Help me the slow .of heart to move of September by my death. I might be of some By some clear, winning word of love; use if I got over the malaria. .

The word of Thy love is all I have–just a touch. These four hundred friends came, many of them Teach me the wayward feet to stay traveling down through the bandits. Two of them And guide them in the homeward way, were killed and six were wounded in our party.

Help me to stay the wayward feet-including Others have died in the path of duty and love, and my own. here I am well. That ought to make a better man out of me. Teach me Thy patience- The way of love works, but it is the way of the o Christ, I want results. I demand results Cross. We just can't stop short of the Cross. But let no man hesitate. quickly. I want to see the thing done in a hurry. I am not lying to you, my friends. If I told you Teach me Thy patience; still with Thee something I didn't believe with all my heart, or In closer, dearer company; In work that keeps faith sweet and strong, Plain, good, hard work that gives an outlet to that I hadn't demonstrated to be true, I would my tension. be the most despicable cur. Lying! Before God, I am not lying. It works. The way of the Cross In trust that triumphs over wrong; holds. It is not loyalty to an abstract principle, but loyalty to a living Christ who walks with us. Yes, trust, confident, unswerving trust, that triumphs over all wrong.

In hope that sends a shining ray Lo, I am with you always, Far down the future's broadening way; Even unto the end of the world.

If it weren't for hope I would jump into the It is true. Do not be afraid. This is the best Yangtze. China has no hope, except in Christ. thing I know. Any human program is doomed to failure. The realization of hope may not come in my lifetime, Laid on Thy altar, 0 my Lord Divine, but it must come. Accept this gift today for Jesus' sake. I have no jewels to adorn my shrine, In peace that only Thou canst give, No far-famed sacrifice to make With Thee, 0 Master, let me live. But· here within this trembling hand I bring This will of mine, a thing that seemeth small, I cannot see tomorrow, but this day I can live But Thou alone, 0 Lord, doest understand; in peace for I can live with Thee. I yield you this, I yield mine all.

Men Really Need Christ?

By REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D. D., New York Author of "Changing Foreign Missions"; Secretary of the Board 11=·' of Foreign Missions, and/ormer Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HE Christian missionary enterprise is essen- pathy for the world's s.orrow and unselfish search for the. tially a religious movement. Tremendous in social implications, its primary motive is not way of escape, which are at the heart of Buddhism; th~ social. Great in international significance, its essential ideal is not internationalism. Rich in in- desire for contact with Ultimate Reality conceived as spirtellectual and educational values, they are not its root values. It moves in the field of religion, both itual, which is prominent in Hinduism; the belief in a in motivation and objectives. moral order of the universe and consequent insistence· on This does not mean that it sets out to re-enforce existing religions, to revitalize and stimulate them, moral conduct, which are inculcated by Confucianism; the though naturally it welcomes all real worth in any religion. It has much in common with all relig- disinterested pursuit of truth and of human welfare which ions, counting them evidences of God's constant witness to Himself, but it does not hope for human are often found in those who stand for secular civilization redemption nor for individual power through but do not accept Christ as their Lord and Saviour. . them. An impressive section of the Message of the Here is no complacent acceptance. of all relig- ions as having equal value, yet it is difficult for Jerusalem Conference deals with just this subject. some earnest Christians to accept even this much Fear had .been expressed that the preparatory recognition of systems of which they have always effort to appraise the non-Christian faiths more thought adversely. fully and more favorably might nullify Christian missions. It would be difficult to find, even in their The preliminary question which now agitates own literature, better summaries of the inner many circles in all lands is whether religion in teachings and counsels of the ethnic faiths than any form is valid and essential, as the very existare given in the Report of that Jerusalem meeting. ence of the missionary enterprise demands. Sup- But the Report strikes no doubtful or hesitant porters of missions probably do not fall away benote regarding the uniqueness and necessity of the cause of the question, but it often diverts added Christian faith. Its note is the more definite be- supporters. cause it is sounded in full hearing of the notes of the ethnic religions. One striking passage is in A wrong answer here would undercut the whole the section which makes "the appeal to non- missionary movement. No effective "drive" can Christians" : carryon so difficult an enterprise without the re- ligious impulse, the only unselfish motive. Indeed, We rejoice to think that just because in Jesus Christ in the interweaving of world interests, it is inthe light that lighteneth every man shone forth in its full creasingly difficult to maintain this unselfish elesplendor, we find rays of that same light where He is un- ment. We hear missionary arguments based on known or even is rejected. We welcome every noble qual- the safety of the sending nations: the West must ity in non-Christian persons or systems as further proof that the Father, who sent His Son into the world, has Christianize the East or be itself submerged; the nowhere left Himself without witness. "Christian" nations must evangelize the other Thus, merely to give illustration, and making no attempt nations or find themselves outfought and outto estimate the spiritual value of other religions to their traded and outschemed. So the missionary moveadherents, we recognize as part of the one Truth that sense of the Majesty of God and the consequent reverence ment becomes a program of self-preservation. We in worship, which are conspicuous in Islam; the deep sym- discuss how the Church can save itself and find part of the answer in carrying on an aggressive missionary program.

This barely escapes the curse of using religion for selfish ends. So great an enterprise cannot be carried on by any such motives, for they are not really religious motives at all. There is no hope for the future except in the continuance and ex- [79]

tension of the purely religious impulse of bringing human race is one and the world is one. There men into intelligent relation to God in Christ, will be different ways of expressing the one with all the consequent values involved in that system of truth, but the truth itself will be the purpose. Here, as in everything that Christ same. In all these lines there are now varying touches, any program of saving one's life is a step systems, but hope does not lie in some skill which toward losing it, and it is not until a man or a will form an eclectic system, combining the vir- church or a nation thinks in terms of losing life tues of all and excluding the errors of each. Some for the sake of spiritual values in other lives that fundamental principle is discovered in each realm life itself can be secured. and that principle is carried to all the world.

Herein lies the serious danger of current pleas Everybody knows that the chemistry discovered to "save religion" or to "prevent the decay of and learned in America will work out in China religion." If religion needs saving it is because and Africa. Biology, good in Cambridge, is good we who profess it do not give it power and place also in Calcutta.

in our own lives. It is the purpose of religion to This is paralleled in religion. There are forms save men, not to be saved by them. Proposals that of religion everywhere. But when a great prin- all religions join in a kind of defensive warfare, ciple of religion is asserted, the test of its truth each forgetting its differences from others in the is in the fact that it is good everywhere. When final desperate effort to keep from being extin- a religion does not seek to become universal, it guished, tend to weaken the cause of each faith. raises the question whether it is really true at all.

Christianity cannot make common cause with all It is not humility which prevents adherents of a the other faiths of the world in trying to save religion from trying to give it to all men; it is something from "the wreck of religion." Nothing lurking doubt whether it is really essential and effective nor helpful can be done about an un- valid everywhere. Imagine a scholar of chemistry named and undescribed "religion" in general declining to favor the teaching of his discoveries which is no one religion in particular. The ques- in other lands because those lands already had tion whether "religion" is valid and effective is ideas of their own about nature and he could not best answered by considering whether the Chris- be sure that what he had found true in his labora- tian religion is valid and effective. For the mis- tory in Germany would be true in Ceylon! Some sionary enterprise the issue is not whether or not think it tolerance to say, "Of course we count our humanity needs some form of religion, but whether religion best for us, but may not the people of mankind really needs and can be given the Chris- other lands do better with other forms of re- tian religion. The fact that it brings to men values ligion?" This is not "tolerance" nor "broadmind- which may have existed in their earlier experi- edness"; it is mere lack of conviction. We would ences of religion is part of the argument, but if it not say it in any other realm of fact. We might does no more it is not worthy of the sacrifice and say it in matters of taste or convenience, as in cost of the missionary effort. forms of art or of government; we could not say We shall never carryon the Christian move- it in matters of fact.

ment (a) on the basis of a general conviction that It all hinges on our conviction that there· are it is better to have religion than not, nor (b) on elements in the Christian faith which are not in the feeling that on the whole and at certain points other forms of religion, no matter how worthy Christianity is better than other religions, nor those forms may be, and that these elements are (c) with the attitude that we are all out to learn essential to a sound religious life for men. The from each other and to correct the errors we have Christian religion is so rich in content that listing all made in organizing our various religious sys- its essential elements is always dangerous. (a) At tems, nor (d) with the hope that some day we least it can be said that nowhere else do men learn may strike a really satisfactory religion by gather- such truth about God as a holy, loving Father, ing the good elements out of all these systems. triune, personal, redemptive, as they learn in the The Christian missionary enterprise is moti- Christian faith, a truth which changes the whole vated by an assurance of the essential and valid outlook of life. (b) Nowhere do men find Jesus nature of the Christian faith, its suitability to all Christ but in that faith of which He is the center men everywhere, and its effectiveness in doing and circumference. The Jerusalem Message says: what humanity needs under all conditions of spir- "Our message is Jesus Christ." Christ and His ituallife. redemptive grace, His atoning death, His resur- If the question arises whether anyone religion rection, His abiding promise of the Kingdom, are can serve all men, in view of their wide variety, not found elsewhere. If we believe that pardon the reply is clear. There can be one chemistry, and peace and power are found in Him we cannot one physics, one mathematical system, because the fail to see that all men need them precisely as we

DO MEN REALLY NEED CHRIST?

do ourselves. (c) The living and loving Holy the world by no agency but the religion which Spirit works when and where and how He will, Christ inspired and maintains. but it is when He takes the things of Christ and shows them unto men that they come to know Him In short, if anyone needs Christ and His rebest and to rest most truly upon Him. Nowhere ligion, everyone needs Him, for He does not make else do men learn Him as in the faith of Christ. His appeal to any peculiarity, but to essential (d) Nor do men anywhere else receive such power humanity, a humanity shared in common by all to obey the mandates of a high and true ethics for men. It is no arrogance for a man to bring the personal and social life. The inner principle of religion which has blessed him to his fellows love to God and to one's neighbor, the use of life everywhere. What else would he do? Is his own in service, not for merit or reward, but for love sense of appreciation to be measured by the depth of Christ and one's fellow men, is spread through of his desire that other men shall share with him in the good he has received?

Doctoring Pagans of the Sudan* By KENNETH G. FRASER, F. R. G. S. IF·· T WENTY-FIVE years ago, in response to an today without being impressed with the very appeal from Lord Cromer, the Church Mis- great changes which the message of the Cross has sionary Society began work among the nu- produced in their life and character. merous pagan tribes inhabiting the two southern provinces of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. An important feature of the missionary effort in every station is its medical work, and when I The forces of the Mahdi, like a withering blight, first arrived in the Sudan, eleven years ago, I was had a few years previously passed over the coun- impressed with the tremendous amount of fine try. They bad borne their share of the general medical work which our missionary clergy were havoc, which in little more than a decade had doing. In those days the physical suffering was reduced the population of the Anglo-Egyptian appalling, but no sufferer ever appealed to our Sudan from eight millions to two millions. Roads missionaries in vain. Even today the non-medical scarcely existed when, in 1905, the Society's first missionary contemplating coming to Africa will batch of six men, under the leadership of L. H. come twice armed if he, or she, bas taken the Gwynne, now Bishop of Egypt, landed on the right trouble to acquire even an elementary training in bank of the White Nile, south of the Sudd area. the "relief of pain." Nearly twenty different languages, spoken by as many different tribes, had to be formulated in Few tasks can have greater thrills for a doctor writing, and then taught to the people in the than to be the first to arrive in the midst of a written form, before much serious headway could strange pagan community, with a plentiful supply be made, for the illiterate pagan soon forgets–or, of drugs and hospital requisites, but with no worse still, distorts even the simplest truths. knowledge of the language, and with notbing bet- ter than a tumble-down native hut to live in. Today there are nine important mission stations scattered about over the larger portion of those The hut in this case being small and not clean, two provinces. One is a school for the higher was used only for dressing. We lived and worked training of evangelists, teachers and government in the open before a crowd of wondering natives employees. Four other stations have an ever- who kept coming from far and near to see us and spreading network of bush schools, and most of who observed our every movement as children the people coming forward for Christian instruc- watch the movements of some strange creature at tion first hear the Gospel message in these bush the Zoo. schools. For days, mysterious-looking boxes kept arriv- No one could visit these very primitive tribes ing on men's heads from the river port, 127 miles away. These contained our household belongings, • Condensed from The Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society food and hospital supplies. After a few days a Quarterly. woman was brought in, terribly mauled by a lion.

It happened near the spot in the bush where we only relieves but prevents an incredible amount of had dum,ped our things and which was to become physical suffering. Unfortunately, however, more our station. She was alone in a hut with her six- than half the suffering which is the lot of every months-old baby. The lion burst open the door African pagan is not physical but mental; it lies and seized the mother, who, with fine maternal beyond the reach of either drug or knife.

instinct, rolled over on her child to protect it. The Marshal Lyautey, that French Cromer, has said lion dragged her to the door and before he could that throughout the whole of his career in Africa get her through her screams had brought two he has always regarded the doctor as the pioneer men with burning logs of wood (no lion will face of civilization, and with this most Mrican admin- that) to the rescue. They found her still covering istrators will readily agree. It must be remem- the child with her own body and brought her to us. bered, however, that medicine and surgery, how- She was the first Moru patient to receive chloro- ever up-to-date, are by themselves powerless, as is form. Crowds gathered round the table, and I was secular education, to change the heart of man, and thankful we were in the open air. That I had not a civilization that leaves human nature unchanged killed her did not, of course, occur to any of them, may be disastrous for Mrica. Hence the impera- and great w:as their consternation when later in tive need in these days of keeping evangelism at the day she was able to talk to them and assure the very center of all our missionary effort, them that she had felt no pain, and that she had whether medical, educational or industrial.

no recollection of my having hurt her on the table. In stations where this need is not emphasized, They smote their thighs and exclaimed, Manok- the missionary has surrendered any claim to supe- w()i, ono toM which I know now means "Well, I riority which his work may have over similar never; this beats me!" It was our first major work carried on by non-missionary agents.

operation under chloroform. As I couldn't attend What gives our dispensary system its real and to both ends of the patient at the same time, I lasting value, as a means of creating a new Africa, needed someone to give the anesthetic. Yilu, the is the fact that side by side with each dispensary local chief, looked the most intelligent man in the is a church school. It is a large building, seating crowd, so I engaged him to do the job for me, and three to four hundred people. During week days he did so with satisfaction for about one and a it is used as a mission school and on Sundays as a half years. He then had an accident, and the case church. died from an overdose, whereupon he completely lost his nerve and resigned the post. Fortunately, The old scholars, in batches of five, help in rotathe patient was only a young monkey, which was tion for one week in the dispensary, thus learning brought to me for a minor operation. the meaning of service as well as much elementary but useful medical work. It eases the burden of In a country with a population of only six to the dispensary workers and enables them to lend the square mile (England has 650) it is obviously a hand in school. impossible for more than a small proportion of Much depends on the witness of the older Christhose who could be cured in a hospital ever to reach tian boys in charge of these centers. Each Sunday there, because the distances are so enormous. they have to preach to crowds of from three to Every village has its own tragic tale of suffering, seven hundred people, and it is from their lips but when it comes to carrying a patient fifty to that the people first hear of Him. "Who died etersixty miles to the Central Hospital, he is often nallife to bring, and lives that death may die." just left to die, or perhaps brought in when it is Each teacher has the moulding of the charactoo late to save life. ters of some forty or fifty school boys and the Thus it was that early this year we opened up . preparing of all enquirers. seven district dispensaries and put our best At the end of the month we try to get the trained Christian boys in charge. native leaders from each of the centers into the They are all well stocked with the usual routine Central Station for a quiet week-end. When saydrugs and dressings. The hospital lorry visits ing good-bye to them on Monday morning, as they each dispensary every ten days or so to replenish return to their work, I realize how much they drugs, etc., and bring serious cases to the hospital. stand in need of prayer. The moment they get The people are overjoyed and each of the chiefs back to their stations they are beset with counthas gladly undertaken to keep his own dispensary less temptations, and if anyone class in Mrica buildings in repair. has a greater claim than another on the prayers This year it is hoped to further extend our bor- of God's people, it is the young African bush ders along these lines, as soon as suitably trained school teacher or dispenser, just emerged from boys become available. paganism and seeking to witness for Christ in his This sort of work is most gratifying, for it not own district or village.

Miracles at

.• =4: By IRENE MASON HARPER Moga, Panjab, India T ALKING with a village preacher who is pro- the school buildings to earn his own way to claiming the Gospel of Christ to the outcastes "education." of a village in the Moga District about a year Seven years later, at a starlight service, under ago, I asked him to recall some of his significant the great trees of Moga School, this boy faced a memories. In simple but colorful Panjabi lan- new crisis. The man spoke lovingly of Ray Har- guage he painted for me picture after picture of rison Carter, who conceived the idea of the Moga the Christward movement in Indian villages. Training School, struggled and sacrificed to found First I saw a boy of twelve, physically strong it, and lived with those first boys, sharing their and healthy, able to work for his own support, deepest experiences. At this evening service Mr.

sitting at the edge of a field Carter made an appeal to his and watching the grazing cat- Moga is achieving the impossible. older students to give their tIe for whom he is caretaker. At this fascinating mission school lives in sacrificial service to In the distance he hears the outcaste village boys, who have the outcaste village people.

clamor of school boys at their been considered untouchable and What a request to the boy who play on the outskirts of the unteachable, are learning to become had struggled so hard to lift village. This lad's head is leaders and teachers of their own himself out of that class into bowed upon his knees. Stolid, people. They are taught by the which he had been born! Was modern project method which has you say, asleep, indifferent, or made the school famous throughout he, who had so miraculously stupid? This would be nat- India. Rev. and Mrs. Arthur E. been given a chance to leave ural for an outcaste boy of Harper, missionaries of the Ameri- behind that old life, now to go ignorant, degraded origin. No! can Presbyterian Church, are in back to it? The struggle was charge of the work, and here Mrs.

In that boy's heart is rising a Harper tells the remarkable story quiet, but none the less real.

cry so bitter, so sharp that, of how these villagers are trained The village preacher told me after nearly twenty years, this to think and to live, and to serve that he thought his experience man spoke the very words to others 8S true Christians. was a common one among me with trembling lips: "0 Moga boys. With Christ's help God, 0 God, why did you cause me to be born?" he decided to accept the challenge, as the majority I asked my friend if he thought it was common of Moga graduates have decided to do, and today for children of the outcastes thus to resent their he is the head of a Christian village home, shep- lot. "Yes," he said, and gave the reasons with herding village Christians and carrying the mes- which all who know the caste system in India are sage of Christ, by his sincere life and simple familiar. He then told me how the idea was born speech, to the outcastes in the surrounding vil- in him that if he could only "get learning" he lages.

could be lifted out of his low condition. The Moga Training School for Village Teachers The next picture he described showed me a is conducted by the American Presbyterian Mis- group of tents pitched on the edge of the village. sion. This school has just celebrated its twentieth The usual group of village children are crowding anniversary and has inaugurated the Ray Harri- round, peeping through the flaps. Among them is son Carter Memorial Fund in honor of that far- one who pushes in, with a humble, trembling seeing, devoted missionary who literally gave his salaam. At the kind voice of the missionary the life that Moga and its ideals might live.

boy speaks his desire: "I want reading." An Urdu Moga is a boarding school, with kindergarten, Primer is produced, and the missionary sits down primary and middle classes (through the eighth to give the boy his first reading lesson. A few grade) and a normal course for training teachers.

days later that boy is entered as a pupil at the At present it has an enrollment of 192, mainly new mission boarding school at Moga. He is set Christian boys from the villages. A few non- to work in the wheat fields and at coolie labor on Christian applicants are admitted, but the school [83]

is already crowded beyond capacity and many are Moga is, in essence, a Christian school which necessarily turned away. There is no reason, ex- seeks to make its methods of teaching thoroughly cept lack of room, why boys of all castes should Christian. It challenges the common notion of not have the privileges of this school; but its first teaching as merely imparting information, and duty is to the poor and underprivileged. There is substitutes the ideal of guiding the growth of no area of life in India which more needs Christ individuals in their personal life and social relathan does the village, and Moga's main purpose is tions. It strives to follow Christ in His emphasis to prepare Christian leaders for the villages. In on the supreme worth of the individual, the vital importance of freedom, and the call to active service. Moga believes that in the technical de- tails of education, such as selecting the subject matter and determining the methods of teaching, some ways are more effectively Christian than other ways. That is why Moga is interested in modern methods.

Learning by Doing TEACHING VILLAGE INDUSTRIES AT MOGA Moga boys learn, not by memorizing text-books and precepts of conduct, but by active experience. this it has been more successful than most mission Here is a class, for instance – the Sixth Grade boarding schools. Of 138 recent graduates (1926- several years ago – which chose for their central 1930) of the Normal Training Class, 119, or more interest a study of the Government Hospital in than 85 per cent, are known to be in positions of the town a mile distant. They made several visits leadership in villages. and reported on various aspects of the work of the hospitals, the plans of buildings and grounds, Modern Methods of Training costs, drugs used, duties of staff, etc. The class then decided to open a daily dispensary in their A distinguished visitor wrote in the Moga School own classroom, to give simple remedies and aid to log book: "A privilege to see this school in which fellow pupils and other people on the compound. teaching is an art and learning a pleasure." The They borrowed some furniture, made other, earned modern methods at Moga are methods of joyful, and collected money to buy drugs, studied the useful, Christian living. The average school is sources of drugs, estimated the cost of running very different. In most schools in India, it would their dispensary, learned careful weighing of be fair to say that learning is a dull business for small quantities, labelled the bottles, made signs the children. Boys and girls con their compulsory and charts and notices and record books. The dislessons with little interest beyond their docile wish pensary was open every day, the first half hour of to please the teacher. Text-books and teacher's school, and was well patronized. The boys served methods take little account of the natural interests in turn by pairs, opening with prayer, and inof the pupils, nor of their daily life needs. The structing as well as treating the patients. Much traditional subject matter is, to the teachers as of the subject matter required in the government well as pupils, like the laws of the Medes and the curriculum for this year was needed in this project Persians. Learning is practically synonymous besides a large amount of additional hygiene and with memorizing, and memorizing is for the tem- practical knowledge. The boys studied it all with porary purpose of gaining promotion or passing a the greatest keenness and interest. government examination. Covering the required course of formal lessons is the accepted aim of To another class, in the daily period devoted to most of the teachers. The idea of working for Bible study, was proposed the problem, "If you growth of the pupils in character and effective could tell ten, and only ten, Bible stories to a living has apparently not occurred to them, or if group of boys of your own age (twelve to fifteen they give lip service to the ideal of Christian years) what ten would you choose?" These boys character building, it is not a controlling objective worked about three months on that lead. They of their methods and management. searched the Scriptures from cover to cover, and many a lively debate was held. They thought ear- nestly on the needs of village boys, their natural interests, and the spiritual values of many Old and New Testament stories. They finally chose ten stories from the Gospels. They made a poster for each story, with original drawings and a pertinent

MODERN MIRACLES AT MOGA

text inscribed thereon in their most decorative this class in discussing the fears of village people. Urdu script. These pictures were used by some of These little fellows had sad knowledge of the these boys in telling Bible stories in the villages. many superstitions which terrorize the dwellers This is a sample of the way the pupils naturally in these mud huts. One bright lad suggested the desire to share in witnessing for Christ in the Twenty-third Psalm as ,a good antidote to fear. He villages. They are learning to do this, not through said that he liked to say it to himself in the dark. compulsion or precept, but through purposeful The class took up the. idea and decided to illustrate experience. their beloved Shepherd Psalm on a large piece of cardboard which could be shown to village folk From Real Life who need comfort and the new teaching as to the love and care of God. For the resulting colored As learning by doing is the principle which con- poster, in illuminated Urdu script with original trols the method of teaching, so relatedness to life illustrations, the children nearly used up their one is the principle controlling the selection of what box of water colors (from the Woolworth stores is to be learned. The learning of Moga boys is not in America) which must be made to do for the formal information, divided into dry "subjects of class for a whole year! study," but is vitally related to their own lives and environment. Last year the Second Grade built in One class, after completing their house, desired the school yard what they called their "Ocean to hold a dedication service. They prepared invi- Project." A water-shed and a river system, con- tations which were presented to the primary nected by canals with their own home villages, classes, the teachers and missionaries, and a group poured into the great sea. Little boys, 800 miles of visitors who happened to be inspecting the remote from the nearest ocean port, packed tiny school. These latter were non-Christian guests, barges with bundles of cotton and wee bags of who were much impressed with the natural manwheat, and followed their village products out into ner in which the boys conducted a religious service the wide world. Boats and lighthouses, and even planned entirely by themselves. The completed submarines, built themselves into the picture, and house was decorated with appropriate Bible verses horizons widened for these children of narrow, -among these "Except the Lord build the house, underprivileged homes. Even as the little folk of they labor in vain that build it." One of the pupils your fortunate American schools, they learned of prayed very simply and sincerely for God's bless- "the great, wide, wonderful world, with the won- ing on their work. derful waters around you curled." . About a year ago the Seventh Grade chose for The close relationship of the curriculum to life their "project" the planning of a Model Village. is apparent to anyone who notes the activities which the various classes choose to carryon. All A PROJECT FOR BOYS-BUILDING A VILLAGE HOUSE of the class enterprises are not derived from the village environment, for we try to encourage the They considered all the needs of the villagersbroader, cultural interests as well as the practical economic, social, spiritual-and planned how these experiences. Nevertheless, a large part of the needs could be met in the spirit of Christ. Pracstudies which occupy Moga boys are related to tical plans for village sanitation, for the education rural interests. In the First Grade, for instance, of girls as well as boys, for the overcoming of the boys usually choose to build a house in their poverty and debt, were considered. They made a classroom. Like their own village homes, it is a clay model of an improved village house and one-room mud hut. In planning and measuring exhibited this at a Rural Uplift Mela, a sort of their house, they learn considerable arithmetic, writing and drawing. They make and count hundreds of sun-dried bricks; they read stories about the house and the people and animals who belong to it. More important lessons they learn from this educational mud-pie play, for the question of windows arises, and the unsanitary, windowless village home is condemned as the boys' knowledge of health grows. Clay figures are made to inhabit the house, and the conversation is led to the proper care of animals or to the problems of right relationships in the home. Often the Bible lessons present Christian ideals of home life. One year, several weeks of the Bible period were spent in

county fair, in the market town of Moga. Here trips to villages at least once a week, on Sundays they explained to visitors the details and distrib- and sometimes oftener, and hold Christian servuted a leaflet prepared by themselves, giving esti- ices. Sometimes lectures are given or dramas for health education, etc. What is needed is more conmates of cost and the kind of houses advocated. tinuity in their efforts, more actual practice in Through experiences like these, Moga boys are meeting human needs. For this we hope to have a Moga-on-Wheels, a well-equipped demonstration preparing to enter helpfully into the life of the truck, in which four students, with teaching mavillage. All the older classes share also in definite terials, a small library, simple remedies, samples of seeds and improved agricultural implements, a lantern with colored Bible pictures, etc., can travel to a remote village and live there for a week at a time to carry on practical Christian work. With such a truck, the Normal Class would be able to influence greatly all that region, and would be more effectively trained in meeting the problems they will actually have to face when they graduate.

PRACTICE TEACHING WITH THE VILLAGE TRAINING CLASS Influence of Moga evangelistic work in nearby villages. Every Sun- That education should be closely related to enday, groups of boys, under the leadership of teach- vironment and should give practical preparation ers, visit villages within a three-mile radius to for life may seem axiomatic to some readers. But conduct Christian services. these principles have had very narrow application in Indian education. In the field of rural education Training Workers for the Villages the experiment at Moga has attracted much atten- tion and has had a wide influence not only on the In the Normal Class these experiences are gath- schools conducted by missions but on Indian eduered up into a definite course of training for rural cators as well. The following comments by Indian workers. Only thirty-five young men can be ad- visitors, who are in positions of control in public mitted to this class, although last year eighty- education, show appreciation of some of the ideals three filed applications with complete credentials. of this Christian school: The school dormitories are very inadequate, and these thirty-five occupy quarters that would be "The school is not merely a school; it is a traincrowded for thirty. In spite of primitive living ing center, an agricultural farm, a workshop, a conditions, hard work and poverty, many more home, and so many other things combined. The beg for this training than can receive it. The one- institution teaches self-help, self-dependence and year course also is woefully inadequate. In that self-reliance, and gives a thoroughly practical year they learn methods of teaching and manag- turn of mind to its students. I congratulate the ing primary schools and have a fair amount of missionary society and its workers on the new practice teaching under controlled conditions. They ideas and new ideals which they have placed bediscuss the. improvement of village sanitation, fore the people of thiS' country," wrote the Minissocial and economic conditions in the village, and learn something of methods of adult education. ter of Education of the Panjah.* But it is possible in one year to give them only very little actual practice in ministering to the "I feel that we need more schools of this kind needs of village people. and I am grateful for the work which the pro- moters are doing for my country," was the testi- What is desperately needed for Moga Training mony of Sir Jogindra Singh.t School is another dormitory and another teacher to make possible two years of training. We have It is clear, from these and many other comments a plan for making this training intensely practi- of visitors, that patriotic Indians see in the Moga cal. We hope to apply the principle of learning by experiment principles that should more largely doing, to the teaching of village uplift. This is control Indian education. done to some extent now, for these students make Character Building Through Experience Moga is not satisfied with merely promoting the practical trend in education. It is concerned with the growth of Christian character, and that in- volves far more than preparation to earn a liveli- *A Hindu.

t A Sikh.

hood. The teachers believe that their God-given than teacher-guided student-discipline. Didactic task is to guide the development of individuals methods in the classroom sometimes produce a who will find their highest happiness in serving better apparent result than pupil-purposing and others. The fullest opportunity must be given for pupil-activity methods. These new ways are often the growth of each pupil. Such is not the effect, perplexing, sometimes discouraging; but so are in India, of traditional methods of teaching. This. all Christ's principles when we actually try to put is the reason why Moga has definitely challenged them into practice. The Kingdom which Christ the stereotyped, formal methods of instruction proclaimed is a "new" thing. When His teachings and demonstrated methods which are, in India, and His spirit rule in the content and method of new and revolutionary. In every classroom and education, we shall have "new" schools.

in outside activities, pupils are encouraged to Christians who ca~ stand alone are needed in choose and to plan. The methods used by the modern India. The Indian Church is fast becom- teachers stimulate the boys to think for them- ing self-conscious, is stirring with new life, and selves, to assume responsibility and to work to- faces many problems. Her leaders feel keenly gether for the common good. Each boy in the the need of more spiritual power in the members school earns part of the expense of his education of the churches which will impel them to joyful, by his own labor. Every boy of the Fourth sacrificial service. They are conscious of the Grade and above rents from the school a plot on Church's failure to interpret the Christian mes- which he raises vegetables which he markets. He sage to their own people in modes of thought that also shares in raising wheat, makes simpJe articles are Indian and not mere copies of Western think- in the village trades shop and does miscellaneous ing. They deplore the extent to which lack of jobs paid for by the hour. The younger boys independence has weakened the self-respect of the share in some of these ways of earning. All of Church.

them keep their own accounts of labor and profits, In the long run, Christian education holds the and at the end of each month receive the net cash, key to these problems. Theodore Roosevelt once from which each personally pays a sum, deter- said, "Nine-tenths of wisdom is being wise in mined according to age and earning ability, time." Christian education in India must be wise towards his tuition and board. Moga boys man- in time while it is able to guide the growth of age most of the affairs of the school by means of young Christians, the future leaders of the committees. They purchase and cook their own food, care for the buildings and grounds, and share in the government of the school.

Two illustrations may show how purpose and initiative are stimulated. On one occasion, the student body decided to close school for two full days. The purpose of this holiday was that they might share in the Evangelistic Campaign of the Churches in the Panjal>. Nearly all the boys spent long hours selling Gospels and witnessing in the bazaars and villages. The "holiday" involved sacrifice of some of their chances for earning money, as classroom hours had to be made up at the expense of working hours.

On another occasion, and indeed frequently when objects for giving have been presented, the boys shamed older Christians by their free choice A VILLAGE SCHOOL WHERE A MOGA BOY TEACHES of really sacrificial giving. They gave to a special Church. It must be recognized that in Christian appeal for orphans in the Near East, from their schools, the most important consideration is not own earnings, an amount which averaged per boy fulfilling the stereotyped requirements of the one-fifth of his monthly earnings. school tradition, but affording opportunities for independent thinking, initiative, joyful coopera- Of course, all is not ideal at Moga. Character- tion and loving service. Modern methods at Moga building is uphill work. It is not easy to be con- are important for the Christian movement in sistent in using methods which stimulate self- India because they contribute to that "life abunactivity. The experiment of student government dant" which Christ came to make possible, and bedoes not always work smoothly. It would often cause they are in harmony with the methods of be easier to use autocratic methods. Discipline the Great Teacher himself. by teachers and authorities is easier to administer

Students In Mission Schools*

By BISHOP JAMES H. LINTON, Isfahan, Persia I~" Missionary Bishop 0/ the Church 0/ England T HE Garden of God has in it flowers of every I not only mean that it is a means of bringing our girls to hue and of endless variety. On the part of accept the ethical teaching of Christ, but rather of trying the gardeners this demands infinite adapta- to help them to know Christ as their Saviour, of putting before them His claims, and of trying to lead them to a bility, constant thought, wondrous patience. If full surrender to Him. Indeed I feel this so strongly that I believe I would not stay longer in the work if I felt that the same treatment is meted out to all plants I could only influence them from a Christian ethical standalike, some will wither and die; some will produce point, and not really strive to win individual lives for abundant blossom; many will be dwarfed and Jesus Christ Himself. My own strong feelings in this stunted. They will bloom, but Are mission schools and col- matter are chiefly due to my certheir color will be poor and leges to be definitely mission- tainty that even Christian ethics are their fragrance but faint. ary in purpose and program of no avail without the power of a or are they to work indirectly Saviour behind, and that I have no In reading interesting cor- to promote Christianity with- right to call girls to the awful strugrespondence dealing with evan- out seeking to win pupils to gle of following His teaching withgelism through schools, I have Christ? This is a question on out first showing the joy and peace been impressed with the great which many good Christians of full surrender to Him. variety of aim and method, of honestly differ. It is impordifficulty and result. Methods tant and Bishop Linton of This principal goes on to say which are suitable for a Per- Persia speaks from experience that she in no wise minimizes sian garden appear to be as to the effectiveness of def- the opportunity of leavening wholly impossible in the glare inite evangelism as of prime the thought of the nation by of a Turkish sun or the arid importance in the Christian the teaching of Jesus Christ, desert of Arabia. Soil and cir- missionary educational pro- nor would she deny that this cumstance are factors which gram. should be a definite aim in our the gardener must be con- work; only she would emphastantly studying if he expects size that it is not enough. We to produce flowers of fragrance ought to get the truest Chrisand beauty which will in turn tian influence permeating the community when we get com- be reproductive and which will plete surrender of the in- permanently b e aut i f y the dividual to Christ.

Garden of God. The dean of a college which has recently had a And the flowers of our garden are God's litt~e remarkable number of conversions among non- ones, of whom the Head Gardener has counselled Christian stUdents writes that "the primary us that we offend them not, and despise them not, purpose" of the college "is to lead men to a knowl- for they are the very choicest flowers in the edge of Jesus Christ, which knowledge, we be- Garden of His Father. lieve, is the way of salvation for them, and the What are the aims of Christian education? only way of which we know anything." There- From a most interesting sheaf of correspondence fore," every reasonable effort consistent with fair- I quote a few. ness and tolerance is exerted to bring to the at- One experienced girls' school principal in a tention of the students the salvation which is Moslem city with its own peculiar difficulties, offered to all men in and through Jesus Christ."

writes: ' The effect of presenting the ethical teaching After some years 'of work I am still a real believer in of Christ with its leavening effect on society is a educational work as an evangelistic agency; and by that by-product of its main purpose. Yet, this is con- • A paper read at the meeting of the Near East Christian Council sidered of such importance, that if the direct and published in The Mosle= World, By Bishop James H. Linton, evangelistic purpose were for any reason inipos- Isfahan, Persia, Missionary Bishop of the Church of England.

[88] sible, they would still feel the existence of the aware of the Christian teaching given in all college to be justified if they could carry out such classes, and year by year the Church roll records a program of presenting the ethical teaching of the number of those who, after public confession Christ to the students as would mean incorporat- and due probation, have been admitted to the ing this in the life of the nation. But, in the face Church by Holy Baptism. Another principal in a of serious governmental restrictions, they are still Jewish school says, "The Jewish field of service is able to carry out the primary purpose, and just at a very promising one. During my seven years of present they are unable to care for the success service we have had many out-and-out conver- that they have been experiencing. sions."

I quote the above testimony as an encourage- In one of the colleges referred to earlier, some- ment to those who are carrying on educational thing over forty Moslem students recently either work in circumstances of difficulty and external made a definite confession of faith in Christ or restrictions. The results attained may well in- signified their desire to be further instructed in spire others to get in touch with this college, with His teaching. This followed a parochial "mission"

a view to considering whether for them there conducted on lines similar to those we have in may be a possibility of adapting such methods in America or England. In the same town about evangelism. thirty Jews also signed cards to the same effect.

The principal of a girls' school tells that until The dean of the college says that at present the recently the pupils were preponderatingly mem- chief limitation he has in this work of evangelism bers of the ancient Eastern Churches. It was then is lack of time and strength. From another school easy to maintain unequivocally that their aim was in the area the principal gives similar testimony.

to bring their girls to a knowledge of Christ and In this college it has ceased to be a matter of a fuller fellowship with Him. And they had good comment when a student becomes a Christian.

results. Today the aim is still the same, but they Another of the professors in the same college, have an increasing number of Moslem girls and writing of the results of the mission that was are also faced with governmental restrictions as held, says: "It may encourage workers [in other to Christian teaching to Moslems, together with areas] to go forward with direct evangelism. For more stringent demands as to educational stand- it is to this that we are surely called.. It ought ard, and she has to confess that the .aim is not also to warn us all never to be content with an being attained with the same success as formerly. ethical and cultural influencing of the nation. For, But they "plough in hO,pe," and feel justified in if we get that aim firmly fixed on our conscious- going on with comparatively more emphasis on ness, we are in danger of never hitting the other the secondary aim, viz., so getting the ethical target. We, too, have had our barren years when teaching of Jesus Christ across to their pupils we sowed in tears and hope, and sometimes hardly that the bonds of fear and superstition are broken, in hope. Today we are reaping – not perhaps a and they hope eventually to be able to get the harvest as in parts of Africa and India, but good evangelistic message once more into the forefront grain for all that."

of their purpose. A careful consideration of the correspondence I have little use for mere statistics, and realize received goes to show that in most cases you how misleading these may be even in the hand of eventually hit the target at which you aim. Those honest folk like missionaries! Bernard Lucas once who preach a positive Christian message and aim said that it was doubtless very interesting for at conversion, as a rule, seem to get conversions.

David to number the children of Israel, but it There are few schools which aim at conversion proved disastrous for the nation! How often we and have none to report. Some have waited long have found, too, that after telling in a missionary and patiently. Some are still waiting. Some have magazine the story of some striking conversion, them rarely. A few have recently had more than the devil seemed to get to work at once to make their staff can adequately care for.

havoc of the convert! Similarly, those who aim primarily at "cultural"

results are getting them. Some honestly do not Forty Students Become Christians think that conversion is a justifiable aim in school Still, let us give glory to God. The principal of work, and naturally conversions are more "accia school for Jews in a Moslem land says that dental" than on purpose. One school, typical of though his school is well known as a Christian this class, reports that they know of no case in institution, and there are very efficient Jewish recent years where a non-Christian student made schools in the town, they have just under five a profession of faith in Christ, but they know of hundred pupils and are unable, for lack of accom- many who would admit that the influence of Jesus modation, to receive any more. Parents are fully Christ has changed their lives.

One interesting feature in several places is the that the Christian staff be sufficient to allow for experimental work of Christian converts. They plenty of time outside class for personal work. If conduct branches of the Scripture Union, or help the Christian staff is working all the time at full in Christian Endeavor Societies. Some are evan- pressure on the purely educational side, the defi- gelists employed by churches or missions, others nitely missionary work inevitably suffers.

are colporteurs of the Bible Society. Jewish con- One college reports that it has appointed one verts to Christianity are seeking to win Moslems man on the staff solely for religious work among to Christ. Christian students are engaging in vari- the students, thus putting the religious work of ous forms of social service for non-Christians. In the college on at least an equal footing with other one school the girls had winter parties for poor departments. In addition there is, of course, the Moslem girls, and at Christmas gave them food part-time cooperation of the other Christian mem- and clothing, dolls, etc. This was made the occa- bers of the staff. The total impact of this is felt sion of a charge by the local education authority to be considerable and the department of religious that they had invited outsiders for the purpose education is said to be the livest in the college.

of anti-Islamic conversions! In some places the The course includes CharacterStudies in the Bible, Y. M. C. A. is proving a useful organization, Chris- the Life of Jesus Christ, Christian Philosophy, tian clubs in others. Girls organize games, etc., Christian Sociology, etc. The method of approach for young carpet weavers. In one college the is that of the student's need and our possession of Christian Union members visit some other town religious values that may be serviceable to him, during the Easter holidays and by very open and rather than any propagandist approach.

direct evangelism, largely by personal and indi- Denationalizing is a charge that is easy to hurl vidual work, they seek to win non-Christians for against schools under foreign control and one that the Lord Jesus Christ. The summer school camps is not altogether easy to rebut. We do belong to are proving a valuable outlet for the ev,angelistic another nation, though we try to keep all undue zeal of young converts and a source of gaining foreign influence altogether out of our work. In fresh converts to Christ. the area which we represent, with its growing and The value of hostels is emphasized by several as intense national spirit, we must be on our guard almost the most effective single means for gaining all the time against anything that might be that personal contact with students which is es- charged against us as anti-national.

sential in school evangelism. There are opportu- Follow-u,p work is one that clearly calls for con- nities for voluntary prayers, Sunday services and sideration. It is easy to make this statement, but unrestricted personal work, all of which are much unless the Christian staff of the school can be in- more difficult to get where there is no hostel. In creased so that the school does its own follow-up the absence of a hostel, one principal writes that work, or what is probably much better, that there her house, adjoining the school, has become a sort should be such close interrelation between the of second home for her pupils. This gives her evangelistic workers and the school that these can opportunities for talks with the girls without the do this work, there is sure to be constant leakage.

danger of being interrupted. Also walks with the So we look over this plot which the Great Gar- girls are useful and classes for enquirers. dener has committed to our care. We confess our Those who know something of the "Oxford failure in many things, but what stands out prom- Groups" will understand the value of "fellowship inently in all the correspondence is, that in every meetings," both those for members of the staff place the gardeners have a high ideal of their task and those where members of the staff and Chris- and a fine sense of responsibility in this important tian students meet together in this way. The bit of work. The spirit of prayer breathes through principal of one college where this method is car- the whole. The sowing is going on, and it is being ried out says he feels that the fellowship has been done in faith and hope, tended and watered with the most important means of producing the spir- patience and prayer. There are flowers of rare itual results they have experienced in the college. beauty springing up even in desert soil. Surely The Christian life of the students has been deep- the Great Gardener Himself loves to come down ened, the active Christian witness of the college is in the cool of the day, to behold the fair beauty of full of life, and a spirit of harmony prevails. If His garden and encourage us, His servants, as we this sort of witness is to be effective it is essential work and pray.

mlfat nntlfing bt lollt. Jolfn Ill. 12. llllllll cartful tift Iloril of ctilory mas to "gatlftr up tift fragmtnts!" ~ tnfintttly mtaltlfy Ilnril ts uot mtaltlfy tuoU!J1f to "tlfrlllll tlfings amay:' Jlt cannot atroril to malltr brtail. Q!an Jlt atroril to lost a soul? "Jlt gottlf ont afttr tlfal mlftrlf is (ost until Jlt finils tt:'-J. lll. JlIlIIttt.

Mission Boards Worth While?*

..:( By the Rev. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN, D. D. ) :..

Secretary Emeritus of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

WORLD evangelization being the supreme of details little understood by the average home work of the Church, the method of admin- congregation. Problems and interrelations with istration should be commensurate with the other work and workers and questions of mission task to be performed. Such a work cannot be policy are involved, which, from the nature of the properly done by individuals or congregations act- case, are entirely beyond the experience of the ing separately. It is too vast, the distance too minister of a home church, and which call for an great, the single act too small. Local churches expert knowledge only possible to one who dedo not have the experience in dealing with mis- votes his entire time to their acquisition. Mis,;, sionary problems or the knowledge of details nec- sionary work has long since passed the experimenessary for the proper conduct of such' an enter- tal stage, and an apparently simple question may prise. Moreover, the individual may die or lose have bearings that even friends do not suspect. his money. The single church under another pas- The experiment of having each state control its tor may become indifferent or discouraged. In own regiments in a national war has been tried, any case, the work would lack stability. It would and with such disastrous results that it is not be fitful, sporadic, too dependent upon accidental likely to be repeated. knowledge or temporary emotion. A chance newspaper article or a visit from some enthusiastic It is neither safe nor sensible for the Church to missionary might direct a disproportionate stream leave such a large and important undertaking to of gifts to one field, while others perhaps more individuals or to local congregations. The Lord's important would be neglected. The wise expendi- work calls for expert methods. The whole Church ture of large sums of money in distant lands, the must take up this matter. It must form a responchecks and safeguards essential to prudent con- sible agency, whose outlook is over the whole field trol, the equitable distribution of workers and and through which individuals and churches can forms of work, the proper balancing of interests work together and to the best advantage. There between widely scattered and isolated points, the must be some lens which shall gather up the scatformulation of principles of mission policy-these tered rays of local effort and focus them: where require a strong administrative board. they are needed; some institution whose stability will not be imperilled by changes in personnel. The Christian missionary campaign is spiritual warfare on a vast scale, and it cannot be adequate- Recognizing these needs, each of the leading dely prosecuted by individuals operating indepen- nominations has constituted a Board of Foreign dently, however conscientious. There must be a Missions as the main channel through which it central organization with breadth of plan, unity may unitedly, wisely, and systematically carryon of movement, and persistence of purpose. A local this work for humanity and for God. These mischurch or conference can, with comparative ease, sion boards are composed not only of leading clersupervise the work within its bounds and there- gymen, but include bank presidents, successful fore under its immediate oversight; but foreign merchants and lawyers, directors of large corpomissionary work is remote, in many different lan- rations, and women of eminent ability and devoguages, and among diverse peoples. It is a varied tion. They are trusted leaders in other spheres and complex work, including not only churches but and their judgment is of no less value when they day-schools, boarding schools, industrial schools, deal with the extension of the Kingdom of God. normal schools, colleges, universities, medical and These men and women devote much time and labor theological schools, inquirers' classes, hospitals, to the affairs of the boards, leaving their own dispensaries, translating, publishing and distrib- work, often at great inconvenience, to attend board meetings, in which they earnestly and uting books and tracts, the purchase and care of • Dr. Brown's book. "The Foreign Missionary." first published in property, the health and homes and furloughs of 1907, and which has. been reprinted twelve times, has been thoroughly revised and the thirteenth printing i. now in press. Facts and stamissionaries, fluctuating currencies of many tistics have been brought down to date. With the consent of the pub- lisher, the Fleming H. Revell Company, 158 Fifth Ave., New York, kinds, negotiations with governments, and a mass this article quotes freely from the chapter on "Missionary Administra- tion" in the new and revised edition. EDITOR.

[91]

prayerfully consider the work committed to their avoid debt. The world-wide work, being conducted care. The churches owe much to their boards, on so large a scale and over so vast a territory, which are unselfishly administering their great cannot be hurriedly adjusted to financial changes trust. Though they may make occasional mis- in the United States. A board is responsible for takes, their loyalty, devotion, and intelligence are maintaining the work on a stable basis and cannot a reasonable guarantee that they will wisely serve radically change its program without warning. It the cause that is .as dear to them as to others. operates in distant lands, some so remote that sev- In the handling of missionary money great care eral months are required for the interchange of is taken by these mission boards. Some years ago letters. Plans and pledges must be made far in a Buffalo banker and a Pittsburgh merchant made advance. Moreover, missionaries are sent to a a thorough examination of the financial methods distant field for a life service and cannot be sum- of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, marily discharged as a merchant may discharge a and bore "testimony to the complete and business- clerk. The board reserves the right of recall, but like methods that are followed in the office man- should not exercise this right save for serious agement, which we believe are fully up to the best cause. Foreign missionaries are working among practice in the leading financial and industrial people of a different race, often unsympathetic,and institutions of the country, and give assurance must receive their salaries promptly. The home that the business entrusted to this office is churches do not want to send a "forlorn hope"

'promptly, efficiently, and economically conducted." into Asia and Africa and then desert it. This No doubt the same is true of other boards. The policy, however, involves financial risks to the editor of a leading religious weekly declared that boards because of the uncertainty of income.

"no trust company handles more money at a less Churches do not supply the funds in advance.

expense, with a smaller percentage of loss, than Most of them do not even make pledges. The the benevolent agencies of the Church." result is that the boards must often borrow money Since the members and officers of the boards to meet their responsibilities, especially since are or have been pastors and contributing mem- many local church treasurers do not forward of- bers of churches, they know that the money they ferings till the last days of the fiscal year.

receive includes not only the gifts of the rich, but Keeping in Touch with the Workers the self-sacrifice of the poor. They regard these gifts as a sacred trust to be expended with more It is a very important part of the work of mis- than ordinary care. sion boards to keep in close touch with the work- There are, of course, necessary expenditures for ers on the field. The secretaries give much time administration. A board must have offices and to correspondence with individual missionaries facilities for doing its work efficiently. The and to conferences with those at home on fur- churches wish to have their missionaries ade- lough. Their views are eagerly sought in making quately supported for a life work, so that an decisions affecting the work. Most boards send administrative agency must be maintained com- a secretary or a deputation to the field at intervals mensurate with the obligations assumed. Still, of a few years, for the express purpose of becom- the proportionate cost of administration of denom- ing more fully informed regarding the work, and inational boards is low. The percentage varies, as to discuss the problems on the field. Many board some have free rentals and unpaid agents, and the members have also personally visited the field and cost of stimulating interest in the churches is not have become experts in handling mission prob- always included in administrative expense. In lems. We doubt whether even the most reckless general, the cost of administration proper, com- critic will challenge the mission board secretaries pared with the total expense of maintaining the with any lack of knowledge of missions or incom- work, ranges from four to seven per cent. That petence :as missionary administrators. Many of is, it takes but little more than the value of a for- them have served as missionaries on the field and eign postage stamp to send a missionary dollar to know the problems from long experience. It is Asia or Africa. What mercantile concern, doing the policy of the boards to attach great weight to a great business and requiring the services of a the judgment of the missionaries and to give them large number of persons scattered over the world, liberty of action consistent with prudent adminis- can show as low a percentage? Dr. Henry Van tration. The presum;ption is always in favor of Dyke once made inquiries of several large corpora- granting requests of the devoted and trusted tions, railway, manufacturing, and mercantile, and workers on the field. Annual appropriations for found that their average administrative cost was current work are ordinarily made for each mission 12.75 per cent.; in one establishment it rose to in a lump sum, leaving the mission wide discretion twenty per cent. in determining how the funds available can be ex- It is more difficult than many might imagine to pended to the best advantage.

ARE MISSION BOARDS WORTHWHILE?

Missionaries do not always appreciate the diffi· forming its decisions by its relations with all the culties that beset an effort to ascertain their missions, by conferences with boards of other de- views. They represent so many different types nominations, and by long experience in dealing that there is certain to be divergent opinions. with similar missionary problems.

The same difficulty is experienced when sev- Missionaries and the Home Church eral hundred ministers and laymen meet in their home Church. A proposal from a board reaches The Mission Boards are important and essential three or four families at some remote station. means of contact between the missionary on the They do not know the views of workers in other field and the Church at home. They seek to be lands, nor do they have the benefit of opinions ex- channels of communication through which infor- pressed in a debate. The result is that the mis- mation may flow to and from the field. Mission- sionaries cast a vote which they might not cast if aries are asked to write quarterly letters home, they could have profited by the views of their as- which the Board duplicates and mails to the in- sociates in other countries. Each mission is apt terested friends and supporters whose addresses to suggest some amendment so that the returns it can secure. Learning by experience that many to the board are a chaos of conflicting views. missionaries are irregular in writing such letters, A medical missionary once wrote to me propos- the Board asks each station to designate one of ing certain changes in the manual rule affecting its members to write these letters describing the the medical missionaries. A copy of his letter, work of the station, and widely distributes these with a request for an opinion, was sen~ to every letters. Many Boards maintain a special depart- medical missionary connected with the board, so ment for transmitting such letters of mission- that a general policy might be formulated. Three aries to the home constituency, and also send to years later, only about half the medical mission- missionaries copies of a leaflet urging the impor- aries had been heard from. Men and women, tance of letters and suggesting the kind that are scattered over Asia, Africa, ,and Latin America, most effective in arousing and maintaining the who seldom see one another and who do not have missionary interest of friends at home. Pastors, intercommunication except through the board, in turn, are asked by the Board to keep in touch cannot be made the unit of missionary adminis- by correspondence with the missionaries in whom tration. their churches are particularly interested and for Some missionaries have protested against the whom they assume some responsibility.

policy of consulting missionaries on matters that When a missionary returns on furlough, the cannot be discussed in a mission meeting without Board expects him or her, if physically possible, embarrassment and fear of personal offense. In to visit the Church which is particularly interest- such cases the mission vote is apt to represent the ed, and in all the educational and inspirational sentiment of those personally involved rather than campaigns which the Board conducts among the that of the mission as a whole. One missionary home churches, furloughed missionaries are used.

frankly said: "We have difficulty enough to keep Indeed, those who are good speakers have some- harmony on the mission field without the board times said that they are asked to do more itinerat- throwing firebrands into our meetings. What is ing at home on furloughs than they do on the the board for if it cannot decide such questions? foreign field. The anxiety of a Board Secretary Your knowledge of the missionaries and your ac- to prevent the unwise diversion of gifts from the quaintance with missionary problems are such authorized budget, upon which the stability of the that you ought to know what should be done." work rests, occasionally leads to an objection to It should be borne in mind that the decision of individual appeals for an object that one mission- many questions by a board is required, not only by ary may deem very important but which has not the necessities of the case, but by the board's re- been approved by the Mission or the Board. But lation to the church which has assigned to it the the policy of the boards is to facilitate in every duty of directing the missionary enterprise. Cer- practicable way the closest personal relations be- tain questions must come to the home office for tween the missionaries and the supporting con- final decision, because they must be decided by stituency and to keep the channel wide open for somebody and the board has been formed for that all reasonable intercommunication. The earnest purpose. The board is held to strict account for desire and endeavor of Mission Board secretaries the supervision of the work, and it assumes re- is to keep the Church at home fully informed as to sponsibilities for the maintenance of missionaries the work and to cultivate true fellowship in and their work that are inseparable from a degree prayer, intelligent interest and adequate sup- of administrative control. If anything goes port of the great work of Christ in which we are wrong the home Church blames the board rather all partners.

than the missionary. The board is also aided in Every board would admit that, in deciding nu-

merQus and perplexing questiQns, SQme Qf them crusade but a settled campaign, and they are plandelicate and difficult and Qn which gQQd men differ, ning it with all the skill and prudence they po.ssess. errQrs Qf judgment sQmetimes Qccur. It is prQb- They study the broad principles o.f missio.ns, read able, hQwever, that if any o.ne were to. make a list the lessQns that they have been taught by a hun- Qf the real defects in present administrative meth- dred years o.f missio.nary effQrt, abandQn plans ods, he wo.uld learn that the bQards already are that have been fQund defective, and adQpt new earnestly striving to. remedy them. Dr. William Qnes that pro.mise better results. Every year the N. Clarke expressed the fQllo.wing o.piniQn: Qfficers and representatives Qf Qver sixty bo.ards in the United States and Canada meet fQr cQnference The sharpest criticism usually comes from those who as to. the best metho.ds o.f carrying o.n missio.nary know the work only from the outside, and have no idea QperatiQns, and an amo.unt Qf care and thQught is either of its real magnitude or of the immense complica- given to. the whQle subject that wo.uld surprise the tions that it involves. Large parts of the work of mission- average critic. ary boards imply matters that are confidential in their nature. A certain amount of reserve is absolutely required There is no. gro.und fQr the assumptio.n o.f so.me by justice and by the interests of the work. Matters that that the wo.rk o.f a church bo.ard is no.t a "faith can be openly discussed are often fully intelligible only to wo.rk." At the beginning o.f each year the bo.ard those who know great classes of surrounding facts. When makes its apprQpriatio.ns so.lely o.n the faith that a board is blamed about some occurrence on the foreign Go.d will mQve the Churches to. pro.vide the necesfield, there is almost sure to be involved some personal sary mo.ney. Since this wo.rk is suppo.rted by the matter in which prejudice for or against someone may gifts o.f His peo.ple, it is fair to. assume that He easily mislead an outside judgment, and even in the inner will bless them when they mo.ve unitedly and circle a just and wise judgment requires the utmost prayerfully fo.r the acco.mplishment o.f the chief caution. All administrative work is, of course, justly open wo.rk that He has laid upo.n them. He is quite as to candid and reasonable criticism, and no missionary apt to. guide the men who.m the Church "IQo.ks society expects or asks to escape it; but there are com- o.ut" as "Qf hQnest repQrt, full Qf the Ho.ly Spirit paratively few persons who are thoroughly qualified to criticise the administration of the great missionary organ- and wisdo.m" and appo.ints "o.ver this business," izations except in a very general way. Even f.or those who as He is to. guide an individual, ho.wever sincere have intimate knowledge enough to be capable of intelli- o.r enthusiastic. These Bo.ard members reverently gent criticism, it often proves far easier to see faults in lo.o.k to. the Ho.ly Spirit as the administrator o.f the the policy of the great societies than to propose radical enterprise, believing that their chief reliance must improvements upon their general method of administra- be upo.n His guidance. They realize that God is tion. It is a case where correction even of acknowledged no.tJimited to. human methQds and that the failure faults, though it be ever so much desired, is often beset with unsuspected difficulty. Hence, the case is one that o.f a cherished plan may no.t augur injury to the evidently calls for mutual confidence and loyal cooperation among those who are interested together in missions. The cause but o.nly defect in the plan. They feel that fact ought to be taken more closely home to the popular their o.nly safety is to. keep clo.se to. Christ and to. Christian heart that a missionary society is conducting a seek to. kno.w His will. Prayer, therefo.re, begins work of exceptional magnitude and difficulty, under condi- and pervades all deliberatiQns and wings every tions that render misjudgment of its doings extremely appeal fo.r funds. Heavy as are the anxieties and easy, and that its officers deserve sympathetic and respect- respo.nsibilities, every Bo.ard co.unts it an ho.no.r and a privilege to. represent the Church o.f God in ful judgment from all their brethren.* the administratiQn o.f this nQblest o.f all Christian activities. Missio.n bQards are giving increasing attentiQn to. the principles o.f an intelligent and cQmprehensive PQlicy. They are no.t merely cQnducting a • A Study of Christian Missions. Pp. 128, 134. 135.

"HAVE FAITH! GO FORWARD"

Tho.mas A. Ediso.n, Qne o.f the WQrld's greatest men, after 84 years o.f a full and en· ergetic life, gave to the wo.rld's largest audience, o.ver the radio. last June, what prQved to. be his final public utterance. His wo.rds make a mQst po.werful sermQn.

The message was spo.ken at a time when banks were cQntinuing to. go. to. the wall, when unemplo.yment was steadily increasing, when sales o.f all kinds were being held and many stQres were cutting prices to. the limit, with little o.r no. pro.fit. Pessimistic statements were the rule.

What shQuld such a man say at such a time? Here are his wQrds : "My message to. yQU is. to. be co.urageo.us! I have lived a lo.ng time. I have seen his- tQry repeat itself again and again. I have seen many depressiQns in business. Always America has emerged fro.m these strQnger and mQre pro.sperQUS. Be as brave as yo.ur fathers were befQre yQU. Have faith! Go. fQrward!"

A Forw-ard Movement In China*

The China Inland Mission's Answer to Satan's Challenge By the REV. ROBERT HALL GLOVER, M. D., F. R. G. S., Philadelphia j:..

Home Director of tht: China Inland Mission in NOTth America A LITTLE more than four years ago, in The critic and avowed enemy of missions like- 1927, a new and fierce anti-Christian and wise said, anti-missionary agitation suddenly broke "No," but went a bit further and added, "It out in China. This was inspired by Communist serves you right. You are getting just what you propagandists, who incited the Chinese soldiery deserve for your impertinence in forcing your and student body to acts of violence, particularly Western religion upon people who have their own directed against missionaries and other for- religions."

eigners. The Western governments became Then there was the discouraged missionary, alarmed and promptly ordered who had suffered heavy mate- their nationals to withdraw rial loss and shameful insult, from the interior. And so the The present Forward Move- and whose vision, dimmed with large majority of missionaries ment of the China Inland Mis- tears, could for the time dis- all over China were forced to sion, vitally important as it is cern little hope for the resump- leave their stations, and their by reason of the ends in view, tion of missionary activities.

beloved converts and work of assumes an added significance But there were missionaries years, and to make their way to when it is realized that it whose anointed eyes saw the the coast. Thus almost before caine into being as the direct situation in a very different they were aware of it, several result of one of the heaviest light. That the blow had come hundred C. I. M. missionaries, blows which Satan ever dealt directly from Satan, and with among others,found themselves the missionary cause in China. intent to ruin the work of mis- out of inland China and with Once again has the great Cap- sions, they doubted not. But the door closed behind them. tain of our salvation out-ma- did the Word anywhere teach It was a sad hour for these neuvered his crafty adver- that God's servants were ever missionaries and for the Mis- sary, and turned the devi1's to accept defeat at the hands sion, and the outlook from the weapons against himself, so of Satan? Assuredly not. Had human point of view was dark. that his deliberate attempt to Satan at any time succeeded by Would the door of missionary destroy the work of missions persecution in destroying the opportunity ever reopen? That ,has been made by the Lord cause of Christ? Far from it.

question was in many minds the very means–so far, at He tried to do so at the very and upon many lips, and was least, as the China Inland Mis- outset of the missionary enter- variously answered by differ- sion is concerned–of impart- prise when he inspired the ent classes of people. The ing fresh zeal and energy to stoning to death of Stephen.

w 0 rId 1y-w i seman, always the enterprise and projecting But he only succeeded thereby s k e p tic a I about missionary a vigorous advance into new in giving new impulse and work, unhesitatingly answered: territory. This is why the breadth to the movement, for "No. It is just as I expected. Forward Movement in ques- "they that were s cat t ere d How could missionaries be so tion can properly be called the abroad went every where foolish as to imagine that they Mission's answer to Satan's preaching the word," so that could ever change the deeply challenge, its counter-offen- converts were multiplied and rooted religious ideas of the sive in the teeth' of the en- the scope of Gospel effort was Chinese?" emy's vicious assault.-R.H.G. greatly extended.

• From China's Millions, December, 1931. So it was with every suc- [95]

ceeding persecution recorded in the Book of Acts. non-Christians alike, and found opportunities for The great missionary apostle, Paul, testified that the Gospel greater than ever before. Suffering the persecutions which befell him had "fallen out and oppression .had chastened many hearts and rather unto the progress of the gospel," and he made them more susceptible to the Christian followed on to exhort his fellow-workers to be message.

"in nothing terrified by your adversaries." If The Chinese Christians for the most part stood the New Testament stresses one thing more than true through the fires of affliction and were puri- any other about missions it is that the opposition fied and strengthened, while their leaders wonder- and persecution stirred up by the enemy are fully developed in spiritual gift and grace. Many among the most fruitful means, through God's churches have been sorely tested and severely transforming power, of advancing the enterprise. handicapped in their efforts toward larger self- Every such assault of the adversary today, there- support and self-extension, by reason of the ter- fore, should be made the occasion of a forward rible conditions of civil war, banditry, famine and movement issuing in fresh expansion and in- pestilence which have been so prevalent. Never- creased spiritual results. theless, substantial progress has been made by That is the way the China Inland Mission was many of them, and there have been some inspir- led to regard the adverse situation with which ing examples of faithful and fruitful evangelistic it was confronted four years ago. Was mission- effort.

ary work in China at an end? How could it The missionaries on their part have lost no time possibly be with Christ's Great Commission un- in actually launching the proj ected Forward Move- revoked and the task of giving the Gospel to ment. From center after center in the various China's millions stilI so very far from completed? provinces the workers have pushed out courage- At whatever cost, the work must go on. And ously into new territory in the face of terrific odds so the Mission went upon its face before God in against them. It is not at all surprising that such fervent prayer for the reopening of the door and an advance should meet with the stubborn resist- for clear guidance as to its future plans. ance of our great adversary, and one cannot fail Those were days of deep heart-searching as to see his hand in the stirring up of political strife, well as earnest pleading with God. Then He gave the depredations of bloody bandits, the wicked the vision and conviction for an aggressive ad- machinations of Red Communists, and the sicken- vance. In prayerful conference together it was ing horrors of the Moslem uprising in Kansu, as resolved that when the missionaries were per- well as in the tragic succession of dire calamities mitted to return it would not be to retain any -famine, disease and flood-which have befallen longer in their own hands the care of local that unhappy land, taking an appalling toll of life churches, but to pass this over to their Chinese and plunging tens of millions of survivors into colleagues and thus to free themselves for an abject poverty and helpless despair. Under condi- aggressive forward evangelistic movement into tions such as these, many would consider even the hitherto unreached regions. continuance of the existing work well-nigh impos- Efforts were also to be made to stimulate the sible and any advance wholly out of the question.

Chinese churches to increased zeal in witnessing Yet our brave missionaries have dared to carry for Christ and energetic cooperation in the work on, and even to press forward, despite the hard- of evangelizing the districts surrounding the ships and dangers involved.

existing stations and churches. A careful and The twenty or more new main centers already comprehensive survey was made of the unevan- opened give no adequate idea of the Forward gelized sections of China with a view to shaping Movement to date. A host of other places have the advance, and on the basis of this survey the been visited and worked by Gospel teams, so that Mission's leaders in China felt clearly led to ap- literally hundreds of thousands of Chinese have peal to God and to the homelands for two hun- for the first time heard the Gospel. The scope of dred new missionaries to be sent out within two these varied and unceasing activities is a very years, as the minimum reinforcement necessary wide one, embracing cities, towns and hamlets in to carry out the plan of advance. the thickly peopled central provinces, as well as What has been the sequel? The Lord has an- fresh advances among the hill tribes of the south- swered prayer all along the line. The temporarily west, the Tibetans on the western Szechwan bor- closed door to inland China swung. open ag,ain far der, and both Moslem and Chinese communities in sooner than the most sanguine missionary could remote Kansu.

have predicted upon any ground of natural proba- Especially cheering is it to learn that during bility. The returning missionaries were every- this period of peculiar difficulty and trial the vis- where warmly welcomed back, by Christians and ible results of the work have been the largest in

ARE MISSION BOARDS WORTHWHILE?

years. During 1927-1928, when for the most part way thither, and fifteen others-the exact reour missionaries were compelled to be away and mainder of the 200-were accepted and preparing the work was largely left to the Chinese Chris- to sail. In North America quite a few more young tians, upwards of 7,500 converts were baptized. men and women are at various stages of consid- In 1929 there were over 4,400 more baptisms, and eration as candidates. Ninety of those already in 1930 more than 4,900, while the number already accepted 200 are from North America. reported this year is larger than in any recent year. Will not those who have faithfully prayed and trusted with us for the full number of the two To sum up, since the blow fell upon our work a hundred now unite in fervent praise to God for little more than four years ago and the order for His gracious answer to our prayers and His faiththe missionaries to evacuate was given, 20,000 ful supply of our need? Not only have we cause Chinese have been baptized upon personal confes- for thanksgiving in that our Father has given us sion of Christ as their Saviour, not to speak of the these choice recruits, but also that He has supmany other blessed results attending the work. plied, at a time of such financial stress, the large In the light of all this, what a tragedy it would sum of money necessary to send them out, and has have been had the Mission yielded to the tempta- at the same time substantially increased the numtion to mark time or retrench, and what a glory it ber of the Mission's prayer supporters. is to the Lord that it has even dared to launch this Forward Movement! We might well tremble to send into China this new company of young missionaries, under the Finally, what about the two hundred new mis- present grave conditions prevailing there, were we sionaries? When the appeal reached the home not assured of a corresponding reinforcement of lands from China it was already summer time of intercessors to stand back of them. Thank God, 1929, rather too late for the recruiting camp.aign the number of China Inland Mission ,prayer circles to get more than well under way that year. in North America alone has increased at last re- Thirty-six new workers were sent out that au- ports to eighty-nine, and our Prayer Union memtumn, and forty-six in 1930, thus giving us eighty- bers to 3,231. Truly, "the Lord hath done great two of the 200 on the field at the beginning of the things for us, whereof we are glad." Let us magyear. Then came a time of testing, when in all nify Him and exalt His name together. the home lands we were distinctly conscious of the strong resistance of the enemy to the appeal for We need to remember that the end of the two new workers. Our General Director felt led to years' recruiting is only the beginning of the task suggest a day of special prayer and fasting, with the 200 particularly in mind. February 10 was itself, so that we must still cooperate by prayer thus set and observed by the Mission throughout the world. The effect was at once noticeable. and faith with our fellow-workers on the field, and United, believing prayer had broken through the enemy's resistance, and from that time offers of "forgetting those things which are behind, and service in China have come in a steady stream, so that our home staffs have been kept busy dealing reaching' forth unto those things which are be- with candidates. fore," together "press toward the mark"-which Eight weeks before the end of the year, 185 of in this instance is the overtaking of the vast unthe 200 were actually already in China or on their met need of millions of Chinese for the Gospel, and thus the fulfillment of God's call and commis- sion through His servant Hudson Taylor to the China Inland Mission to preach the Gospel to every creature in inland China.

EVANGELISM AND THE SOCIAL GOSPEL There is only one Gospel in the New Testament, and that is the Gospel of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ. This gospel is applicable to all men and to all human conditions. It is a spiritual gospel with an individual and a social message. When this is applied to individuals, we call it a personal gospel; when it is applied to groups of individuals and social conditions we call it a social gospel, but in each case it is the same gospel. No pres- entation of the Gospel in our day can be effective without both of these applications.

JOHN McDOWELL.

of Christian Colleges In

A Review of the Report of the Commission on Christian Higher Education in India* ..:( By REV. RALPH B. NESBITT, Summit, New Jersey J!:.. Recently a Miss~onaTY in India A T an important gathering of Christian edu- follows the historical method in developing the ~ cators of India in Agra, in February, argument in favor of the proposed plan. The 1921; steps were taken looking forward to colleges themselves are critical of the work they the coming of a Commission to examine the work are doing. So are others who are friendly to of the Christian Colleges in India. In due course missionary work, such as Mr. Arthur Mayhew the International Missionary Council constituted and Bishop Whitehead. A section of great value the Commission of eight which visited India dur- in the matter of orientation is the consideration ing the last cold season, arriving in November, of the "principles underlying the policy of the 1930, and continuing until early last April. colleges as set forth in earlier discussions of the The personnel of the Commission was a suffi- subject." In the past there have been three aims cient guarantee of a thorough piece of work, the set before the Christian colleges: chairman being Dr. A. D. Lindsay, Master of 1. That of preparing India for acceptance of the Gospel Balliol College, Oxford. Two members were out- 2. That of winning men in the colleges to confession of Christ and baptism in His name; in short, the work standing Indian Christians, two were Britishers of conversion who had been missionaries, and two were Amer- 3. That of a "strengthening, training, developing icans who had not previously had intimate contact ag~ncy" for the Christian community with India. The Commission was authorized to make recom- Historically, the first has been the most im- portant. However, under changed conditions the mendations which would, if carried out, definitely matter of preparation for the coming of the Kingalter the present methods of higher Christian edu- dom of God is different from what it formerly cation in India. Something of a crisis had been was. A new content of Christian education must reached and the Commission offers certain pro- be worked out, and this is the main task which posals which to some may seem revolutionary. the Commission faced. The metaphor of the spearhead and the handle is used to illustrate the A careful questionnaire had previously been relation of the religious and the secular aspects sent to the principals of the colleges that were to of education. Dr. Miller of Bombay, the wellbe visited and by means of these replies and later known Scotch educator of a generation ago, said, by visits to the various colleges, supplemented by "The Scriptures are to be the spearhead, all other knowledge the well-fitted handle. The Scriptures conferences, the Commission worked out their re- are to be the healing essence, all other knowledge port and conclusions. This report of 363 pages the congenial medium through which it is conincludes an Analysis and Appraisal of the Col- veyed." leges as they are; a Plan for the Christian Colleges in India; and the Way of Putting it into There is (in Part II, Chapter 3) an incisive and Effect. A number of appendices including the discriminating survey of changing India. The questionnaire above referred to and one entitled, picture is drawn with skill and is true to life. All The Application of the Principles of this Report India is being deeply stirred and the Christian Church is involved. Perhaps most significant of to Indian Universities. all, secularism and anti-religious propaganda are Acceptance of the plan proposed as a remedy for growing apace.

the present crisis will depend largely upon one's Another important chapter deals historically conviction that the diagnosis has been skilfully and accurately made. Hence the Report wisely * The Christian College in India, 8vo, 363 pages, Appendices and with the system of higher education and the rela- Index. $2.00. Oxford University Press, 1931.

[98] tion of the Christian colleges to this system. This 1. The function of the colleges helps one to realize not only the fact that the 2. Government and administration of the col- Christian colleges have in no small measure forfeited the leadership in higher education in India leges. which they once enjoyed but also reveals the First, it is recommended that two additional causes which have brought about this unfortunate pieces of work be undertaken, namely, research result. There have been movements in the uni- and extension. Colleges are suffering from the versity life of India, notably that of the growth domination of an examination system. The stuof the so-called "unitary university," which have dents are not seeking culture but, on account of proved prejudicial to the influence of the Chris- economic pressure, are trying merely to pass extian colleges. Three causes are assigned for this aminations as a means of securing employment. loss of prestige: Under such circumstances the teaching force of the colleges tends to lose initiative. To recover 1. Lack of opportunity for research this the professors must undertake research work. 2. Indian prejudice against western institutions This will bring life and zest into their teaching. 3. Weakness due to a divided purpose This research should be related to the larger life in which the college finds itself. In other words, The plan I1roposed aims to meet these causes as the college is to be of service to the community. far as possible and to correct the admittedly un- In this way the responsibility of the colleges to fortunate results of the connection maintained by the Church may be met more fully than in the the Christian colleges with the university system past. Thus a modern equivalent of the early of India. These results are likewise three in num- preparation for the Gospel may be worked out. ber: There should be a re-shaping of the subject mat- ter of the curriculum. History is recommended 1. Domination of the examination system as the central discipline. This is to be supple- 2. Hampering effect of university regulations mented by science on one side and by art and 3. Loss of educational initiative literature on the other. The effect will be the appreciation of Christianity as an historical re- The important question of the religious in- ligion. The content of an education that is truly fluence of the Christian colleges is considered in Christian must be supplied. the two-fold aspect of this influence upon the stu- Second. Significant changes are proposed as to dents who attend the colleges and also,in the wider the administration of the colleges. These changes sphere, the influence upon the church and nation. affect the present management, both Indian and Here as elsewhere there is hearty acknowledg- foreign, in three phases: ment of past achievement for the colleges have been the means of winning men to Jesus ,Christ. 1. The relation between the mission boards and They have also exerted no slight influence on the the colleges in India people of India and have trained some of the outstanding leaders of the Church, such as Bishop 2. The constitution and powers of the govern- Azariah. ing boards of individual colleges It is nevertheless true, that the present situa- 3. The constitution and responsibility of the tion is just cause for alarm. The number of con- staff governing bodies of individual colleges. versions is deplorably small. The influence of the Christian college in the wider sphere, at least in The Commissioners propose that there should that of the nation, is a waning influence. Three be normally for each college two chief governing alternative proposals are presented: bodies, a Board of Direction and a Staff Governing Body, both constituted in India and entrusted 1. Persistence in the existing policy with full responsibility for the government and ad- 2. Withdrawal from higher education in favor ministration. The iPresent mission boards in America and England would cease to have direct of other methods connection with the colleges but, through the Na- 3. A Christian university or universities. tional Christian Council of India, would be kept informed of the progress of Christian higher edu- These proposals are all rejected in favor of the cation as a whole. plan already mentioned. This plan is the heart of the report. Here the Commission prescribes what, There may be non-Christian Indians on the in its judgment, is essenital in order that the Staff Governing Body, but the Board of Direction Christian colleges in India may regain the place of is to consist entirely of Christians. It is plainly large influence which they once held and· may the intention of the Commission that the Board make the contribution which they should make to of Direction in India should really direct. If legal- India today. The detailed application of this plan ly incorporated it should hold the property. As to (given in Part IV) cannot be described here. The the Staff Governing Body, it is of utmost imporplan includes: tance that chief responsibility be put on the In-

dian Christian members of the staff. This change paratory work really effective in New India. The is urgently needed. It is rather the missionary function of the Christian college is ably set forth: member whose influence has been dominant. A Christian college, as contemplated in this Report, It is further recommended that there should be is an institution in which the Church uses, in the service set up in India and in Britain ,and America per- of its great purpose, the characteristic contribution of the manent Christian educational committees. The teacher and the scholar. That characteristic contribution is the imparting of truth, the extension of knowledge, and India committee should be constituted to "rep- the building of character. (p. 206.) resent all the colleges and be able to speak for them, alike to the Government, the universities, One note is lacking here-a note which does not and to the general public." The boards or com- conflict with the purpose, but is supplementary to mittees to be created in Britain and America it-the note of conversion to Christ. The Comshould act as liaison officers between the home mission is, of course, not averse to this, as is maniboards and the committee in India, and should fest in its statement (page 185) in regard to "spealso assist in securing funds and in the difficult cial missions" which, "when they are conducted and important work of recruiting the right kind by a wise evangelist, may quicken the growth and of men and women for the colleges. fruitfulness the seeds that the patient teacher has The place of the theological colleges in the plan long been sowing in faithfulness and expectation." and a number of special problems are considered Again the Commission says: "As trainers of (Part III) but space does not permit more than youth, the Christian staff will seek through all the . this passing reference to these important prob- opportunities which the contacts of college life aflems. ford to lead their students to personal allegiance This very excellent report inspires the hope that to Jesus Christ and to build up their lives in Him." the Christian colleges may again secure a place of It would have been well if as careful and thorough real leadership in the educational and intellectual attention had been directed to the problem of leadlife of India. It proposes a way of escape from ing the individual students to Christ as has been the present intolerable system of examinations given to the kindred problem of making the coland suggests plans by which the colleges may leges effective as a general preparation for the become much more vital to the life of the Indian coming of the Kingdom of God in India. A con- Church. It is highly desirable that the Christian structive and thoroughgoing attempt should be college in India shall be made more truly Indian made by the colleges to follow up their graduates but at the same time the need of Christian teach- in order that any interest in Christ and affection ers from the West is maintained. for Him that has been created in the college may There appear to be two possible weaknesses in come to fruition in later life, when former stu- the plan presented. The first is financial. Frank- dents may be in a better position to make de- ly one does not see how the plan, involving as it cisions than while in college. This criticism should does "no inconsiderable outlay," can be carried not be interpreted to mean that the Commission through at present or in the near future. Com- has failed to safeguard the Christian purpose of paratively little expense will be saved by closing the enterprise. This it has certainly done. For up certain pieces of work and the new sources of instance, no sympathy is shown with an easy but revenue suggested do not seem adequate to meet fatal syncretism. (p. 147.) Emphasis is repeat- the increased expense involved. The cutting off edly laid upon the necessity of securing a large of the colleges from the direct relationship with number of Christian professors and boards of the mission boards at home may react unfavor- direction entirely composed of Christians. One of ably on support received through these boards. three functions of the board is that "the mainte- It will also be difficult to transfer workers from nance of the missionary purpose of the college other lines to the boards for additional research should be the special concern of the board of di- work while the work already in hand is greatly rection." (p. 204.) Religious instruction should undermanned. Christian alumni may contribute retain its central place in the curriculum and each to the support, but can non-Christians be expected college should have a chapel for Christian wor- to contribute in any large way if they are not rep- ship with a chaplain as a member of the staff, resented on the board of direction? whose special responsibility is to be the religious Another point where the plan does not seem en- life of the college. (pp. 182, 183, 186.) tirely satisfactory is in the danger of devoting too One lays down the report with a sense of sin- much attention to the handle (secular education) cere gratitude to the Commission and with the and too little to the spearhead (the spiritual pur- earnest hope that Higher Education in the Chris- pose) . The important work of the colleges as a tian colleges of India may, as a result of their preparation for the Gospel message has been ca:re- work, be made even more effective in the future fully considered with a view to making this pre- than in the past.

Religious Situation in

.. By REV. W. H. RAINEY, B. A., F. R. G. S., London ): Secretary for Western Europe and North Africa of the British and Foreign Bible Society T HE Government of Signor Mussolini has year religion was taken into account but the now granted to Protestants, and other non- figures are not yet available. Protestantism in Catholics, full freedom of worship. Re- Italy is numerically a very small minority, yet, ligious freedom, however, is no new thing in Italy. speaking from actual knowledge, we venture to As far back as February 17, 1848, Charles Albert, say that their influence is altogether out of pro- King of Piedmont, granted a large measure of portion to their numbers. Certainly the Pope religious freedom to all his subjects. This Edict, seems to take them very seriously for in his adwhich brought to an end persecutions dating from dress to the Lenten preachers on February 16th the 12th century, was considered a wonder of of last year he referred to them as "a great evil magnanimity, but in reality it was only the tardy which afflicts the population of Italy. Protestant recognition of a sacred right. proselytism is allowed to go on with such harm to human souls and with such menace to that People often speak of Italian Protestantism as which is most precious in the life of a nationthough it were an imported article. While it is namely, that profound unity of thought and soul true that English and American societies have which has never been seen to be so efficacious as done much to strengthen Evangelical work in Italy, yet the Waldensian Church of Piedmont, as Milton so well puts it, Kept Thy truth so pure of old When all our fathers worship't stocks and stones.

Italian Protestantism is national in its origin and ST. PETERS CATHEDRAL, VATICAN CITY, ROME dates from before the Reformation. It is not true that the genius of Protestantism is incompatible with the Latin races.

The Waldensian Church has always been a missionary organization and it proceeded to take advantage of its new freedom. Before the end of that eventful year (1848), her evangelists had penetrated into parts of the country hitherto closed to the Gospel. Florence, the capital of the Duchy of Tuscany, was occupied and in 1862 the Wesleyan Methodist Church helped to lay the basis of a work which now has extended throughout the country. Other Evangelical Churches entered later, and today the American Methodist Episcopal Church (North), the American Baptists (South), the Brethren, the Pentecostal Church, the Adventists, and others are doing their part in making the Gospel known. It is estimated that the total number of Protestants in Italy is about 150,000. However, it must not be taken for granted that the remainder of the population of Italy is entirely Roman Catholic. The census of 1921 did not enquire into religion but according to the 1911 census 874,523 persons declared that they had no religion and 653,404 made no declaration about their religion. In the new census this [101]

in religious unity." The early Christians were cially in Rome." Fortunately the Italian Govern- accused "of turning the world upside down," and ment interpreted the clause to recognize the rights Italian Protestants seem to have followed their of non-Catholics to worship and to propagate their example. religion.

The Edict of Charles Albert was confirmed and On the 28th of February a Royal Decree was enlarged by the Concordat of the 11th of Febru- published giving the "Regulations Governing the ary, 1929, which, while securing to the Roman Religions Admitted by the State" and this docu- Catholic Church a position of special prestige, ment was published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale granted, as Mussolini said in the Chamber-"full (Official Gazette) on the 12th of April, 1930.

liberty of worship to the other cults admitted by This document comprises 29 articles, but lack of the State, and the equality of every citizen before space permits us to quote only three; two of which the law, whatever the religion he may profess. deal with churches and one deals with institutions.

This liberty cannot be infringed in the slightest Article I-The opening of new Churches degree." The 4th and 5th articles of the law Before a new Church can be opened a request must dealing with "Permitted Cults" read as follows: be presented to the Minister of Justice, accompanied "Difference of cult forms no obstacle to the enjoy- by papers proving that the new Church is necessary ment of all civil and political rights, nor to admis- and meets the need of an important group of worsion to all the civil and military appointments. shippers. It is also necessary to prove that there is Discussion in matters of religion is entirely free." sufficient money to maintain the new premises. The opening must be authorized by the Minister of Jus- It was a bitter pill to the Vatican that the Con- tice by a Royal Decree.

cordat substituted the word "permitted" for Article 2 "tolerated"-the term previously used in dealing The faithful can have services, etc., in their buildwith other cults. Now Protestants were "permitted," recognized and protected by the State. ings without special authorIzation from the State on the condition that they are presided over, or author- ized, by a minister approved by the State. See Arti- Their ministers were granted the right to cele- cle 3 of the Law on "Approved Cults". Otherwise the brate marriages with the same legal effect as general law regulating public meetings comes into Roman Catholic priests. A priest preaching force. against Protestants in a large and crowded Jesuit Church was heard to declare that" 'permitted' is Article 13-Institutions The Institutes that are recognized as "corporations" a word to be banned; 'tolerate' was the proper are subject to the inspection and control of the State.

14. This includes the right of inspection. In the expression, for we tolerate these Protestants as we event of maladministration, when the directing body tolerate disorderly houses." However, Article I is not able to continue its work satisfactorily the State of the Concordat was considered by Catholics to reserves the right to interfere and appoint a new be so favorable to their interests that it more than body.

16. These Institutions cannot accept gifts, inheri- counterbalanced this official recognition. It stipu- tances or legacies without permission. This permis- lates that "In consideration of the sacred char- sion must be asked from the Minister of Justice. If acter of the Eternal City, the episcopal See of the the sum exceeds lire 300,000 permission must be ob- Supreme Pontiff, the center of the Catholic world tained from the Council of State. and the goal of pilgrimage, the Italian Government will use its best endeavors to prevent in No missionary director or superintendent can Rome anything that may not be in keeping with read these Articles without seeing in them the its above-mentioned character." possibility of serious complications. If strictly applied they would make both church and school Many Roman Catholics thought the fulfillment work exceedingly difficult. One cannot but think of this clause implied the closing of the Italian that State recognition in itself is a very doubtful Protestant churches in Rome, and on the follow- advantage. Had choice been possible we think ing Sunday several pastors received anonymous the Evangelical Churches would have preferred to letters threatening violence if they celebrated remain independent. their usual services. Moreover, written in large letters on the door of the depot of the British and There is, however, a more serious complication. Only ministers recognized by the State are al- Foreign Bible Society in the Foro Italico were the lowed to preach the Gospel. This brings us face to face with a difficult problem-what must those ominous words E finito anche per voi– (Your men do, who, for any reason whatsoever, are not officially recognized? Obedience to the State turn too has come). That some such interpreta- might mean disobedience to the Christ. Some have considered it their duty to continue preachtion of this clause was in the mind of the Pope ing.and leave the consequences in the hands of himself seems evident from his speech on the 8th of January, 1931, when he declared that the Con- cordat had been violated by "non-Catholic and God. We have had six cases brought to our no- even anti-Catholic proselytism in Italy and espe- tice where pastors-two Baptist, one Methodist,

THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN ITALY

one Pentecostal and two Brethren-without State senting Spain as a spotless gift to the Blessed recognition were denounced by priests to the local Virgin, as a land where the dissenting voice of authorities for breaking the law in this respect the heretic was unknown. Had General Primo de and prosecuted. We do not think that a legal de- Rivera been a weaker man they might have suc- cision has yet been given in any of these cases. ceeded in their plans. One wonders whether any On another occasion a Waldensian evangelist was Roman Jesuit has ever dreamed the same dream. prosecuted and condemned for holding a meeting in a private house. There are undoubtedly also It is not surprising that a Church that posmany cases with which we are not familiar. How- sesses temporal power with all that this involves ever, facilities are being granted by the State for should take a hand in politics. Today this is dan- Government recognition. We have no doubt that gerous in Italy for Signor Mussolini will brook no a modus vivendi will be found, and that these dif- interference. In a recent interview with a reficulties which are out of harmony with the lib- porter of Le Journal, he declarederal spirit shown by the Fascist Government will be removed. I wish to see religion everywhere in Italy. Let us teach the children the Catechism; let us send them to Church on After the first enthusiasm over the signing of Sundays, however young they may be. All that I leave the Concordat died away the relations between to the priests. It is religion. The rest is politics and the Vatican and the Italian Government have La politique c'est mai. Politics are what I detennine. I steadily grown worse. They would now seem to will allow no one to interfere in any way with what conhave reached a crisis. Early in June there were cerns the State. My formula is clear. "Everything in the anti-Catholic riots in Rome. Crowds marched State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the through the streets crying "Down with the State." As against the Catholic Party I have given many Pope"; and the Osservatore Romano, the official warnings. The Vatican has been put on its guard against organ of the Vatican, was publicly burnt to the the peril of this extreme policy, which may awaken antistrains of "Giovenezza," the Fascist hymn. Only clerical opinion, the dormant existence of which it well the presence of strong detachments of troops pre- knOWs. vented the rioters from penetrating into the Vatican itself. This manifestation was the sequel to The Vatican City is now a sovereign State, an anti-Catholic campaign throughout Italy and where the Pope rules supreme, but'it will be well the suppression of all branches of the powerful for him to remember that there is only room for Catholic Action association. One rubs one's eyes: one dictator in Italy. can this be Rome, the city of the Concordat? PAPAL GUARDS AT THE VATICAN CITY Some newspapers, hostile to the Fascist regime, have spoken of Sig. Mussolini's "wanton attack on religion," and the Pope himself in an address given on the 20th of June to the Vatican Congregations for the Propagation of the Faith declared the persecution of the Papal Church "as bad in Italy as in Mexico and Soviet Russia." This is fantastic. Signor Mussolini is not the enemy of religion; his whole policy to Roman Catholic and Protestant proves this, but his anti-Catholic campaign was inspired by the instinct of self-preservation. In the ranks of the Fascist party itself there are many devout Catholics with a divided loyalty between Church and State. Dark and hidden forces were at work, and the Italian Premier, rightly or wrongly, saw in the activities of the Catholic Action party a menace to the security of his. regime. A successful coup d'etat in the in- terests of the clerical party would have made the Pope the virtual dictator of Italy and the elimina- tion of interests considered hostile to the Catholic hierarchy would have followed. The Roman Cath- olics of course have denied all that is attributed to them. One remembers, however, the dark dreams of certain Spanish reactionaries who spoke of pre-

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]l.ll.,4P.- "-_._- .D~"'~_ ARABIA, 'fHE GREAT NEGLECTED PENINSULA (See page 105)

Is Arabia Still Neglected?

..:( By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D. ):..

Princeton, New Jersey, One of the Founders of the Arabian Mission PORTY-TWO years ago the whole Arabian writes in the Geographical Journal, London, peninsula, with the excePtion of Aden, was March, 1931: unoccupied missionary territory. One million square miles, four thousand miles of coast, I find it difficult to sum up my impressions of the Hadhramaut, particularly as these impressions are based without one witness for Christ. The death of Ian only on a few short flights over the area, helped to some extent by subsequent examination of the photographs. Keith Falconer left the future of the Scotch Mis- There is no doubt, however, that the Hadhramaut is a place which has a peculiar fascination; the mere fact that sion quite uncertain, and that was the only beacon the greater part of it had never been seen by Europeans shows how isolated it is, yet although isolated, life there, of light across the darkness of thirteen centuries in the cradle of Islam. .

. In 1889 the Arabian Mission of the Reformed according to Arab standards, is highly organized and pros- Church in America was organized and the first perous. There is no doubt that the country is now much missionaries went out. Forty years have brought more civilized than it was when the Bents undertook their great changes. The Persian Gulf coast is now journey in 1894, but although motor cars are now com- mon, and the towns have been peered at from the air, 1 fairly well occupied but the interior of Oman, the think it will be many years before the Hadhramaut loses Province of Hassa, the whole of Nejd, the whole its isolation. of Hadhramaut, the entire West coast is still with- The Arabian Mission called attention to this out established Christian missions. Southern Province thirty-five years ago, but the The latest estimate for the population of Arabia whole of this part of Arabia is still unoccupied.

is seven million. Probably not more than one This comes as a challenge to the Church of Christ.

million of this population are in any sense touched Everything else seems to have found its way into by present-day missionary effort. During the past this part of Arabia, except the Gospel. twenty years the population has doubtless increased. Tribal warfare is no longer as common The first big town is Shibam, standing four-square beas it was in the Nineteenth Century. Health con- tween high walls on a slight rise ~n the ~adi. bed ne.ar the southern cliff. The first and dIstant VIew IS suprls- ditions have improved, especially in mandated ter- ing enough, but a closer inspection shows th.at the need ritories, and through the influence of mission hos- for protection can make houses grow tall q.'llte as effecpitals. We sometimes fail to estimate the educa- tively as high ground rents. W~en one conSIders ~hat the tional v,alue of such medical work in spreading houses are mostly built of mud It seems an amazmg f~at knowledge of elementary hygiene. to design them to withstand the weight of seven stones.

As an indication of the wealth of these towns the Bents The exploration and mapping of the Arabian mention in their book that the Sultan of Shibam's father peninsula has made vast strides during and since had left eleven million rupees to be divided among his the World War. When Hogarth wrote his book, numel'OUS family. The present Sultan's castle is a fine "The Penetration of Arabia," there were still large areas unexplored and unmapped. Since the building standing in extensive date gardens. The next big town, Saiwun, is a complete contrast, for although it is surrounded by a wall much of t~e toW?

time of Doughty the work of men like Lawrence, straggles outside it, and comfortable country VIllas he Shakespeare, Cheeseman, Rutter, Philby, and last but not least, Bertram Thomas, have given us a dotted among the date palms. . . . picture of Arabia and its inhabitants with very From the air, Tarim, with its neighboring villages, comes few gaps remaining. In this respect, Arabia is no longer neglected. close to Saiwun as the largest town in the Hadhramaut, and it is certainly situated in the most attractive sur- Recently word has come of a special expedition roundings. Outside one of the big hous~s one is qu.ite to explore Hadhramaut and the recent Air Recon- likely to see a motor car, which seems odd m a town WhICh naissance of Hadhramaut of which an account is has never been visited by a European. In recent years the demand for cars has been growing, and we were told in Makalla that there are now some fifty or sixty in the Hadhramaut. They are taken to pieces at Makalla, trans- given in the Geographical J oU?'nal leaves the im- ported by camel across the mountains, and re-erected on pression that scarcely anything remains to be dis- arrival. Although the going may be soft there do not covered. R. A. Cochran, the leader of the squad- appear to be any serious obstacles in the way of driving ron which surveyed this part of South Arabia, a car anywhere in the inhabited portion of the Hadhra- maut.

[105]

Is it not a tragedy and a rebuke to read that in and his pupils. But vaccination, as a protection this part of Arabia young Chinese girls are still against smallpox, has spread widely throughout imported as slaves by the wealthy classes and are Bahrain, Kuwait, and the Hasa, and, thanks to then "converted" to Islam? When the African the efforts of King Aziz, has made headway in slave-trade was interfered with by British gun- Nejd and in the Hejaz." boats, this white-slave traffic apparently took its place. There are also many thousands of male It is astonishing that the Minister of Ibn and female Negro slaves in HadhramauU Saoud's Government should pay such high tribute to the work of the American Mission before a The Province of Yemen, the whole of Central distinguished audience in London. Arabia and the Province of Hejaz are still unoccupied mission ter:ritory. King Ibn Saoud has his In his recent book "Alarms and Excursions in own Minister in London, Sheikh Hafidh Wahba, Arabia" Bertram Thomas describes the condition who actually lectured to the Royal Asiatic Society of the tribes in northern and western Oman. No in April last. We are told that, after paying a one can fail to read between the lines the despetribute to all those who braved the hardships and rate needs of these people for medical missions, dangers of travel in Arabia, and mentioning in for education, and for the Gospel. He describes particular the feat of Bertram Thomas in crossing their religious and superstitious practices as the Rab' al Khali, he stated that the modern king- largely animistic, tells how they make medical use dom of Nejd extended from Najran in the south of the Koran, which he calls "the holy pharmacoto Wadi Sirhan and the Salt Villages in the north, poeia of Oman," and how they offer oblations to and from the Persian Gulf in the east to the bor- demons and spirits. ders of the Hejaz in the west–a much greater area than the word "Nejd" originally applied. He If it is true, as Livingstone asserted, that "the described present conditions in the Nejd, stating end of the geographical feat is the beginning of that the population is approximately three mil- the missionary enterprise," then Arabia is still lion, divided into town-dwellers-merchants or neglected in the distribution of the Bread of Life. agriculturists-and Bedawin, who are content to Nothing emphasizes more the need of Arabia for lead a nomadic life and to tend cattle. The town- the Gospel today than 'the astonishing changes dweller is usually more faithful and more intelli- that have taken place in the matter of communigent than the bedu. King Ibn Saoud has resolved cations. The land of the camel has become the to change the life of the Bedawin and to make it land of the motor car. At the beginning of the more orderly and fruitful. To this end he has twentieth century there were no railways or highfounded villages wherever w:ater exists and has ways in the whole country. During the first ordered the Bedawin to dwell therein. To each decade Medina was linked to Damascus and a survillage he has appointed a man of learning, to vey made for a railroad to Mecca which has not teach the people their religion and to explain to yet been completed. During the World War a them their duty towards God, towards the King short railway was constructed between Aden and Lahaj. Aeroplanes have become familiar to the and towards their fellow beings. As a result, the dwellers in the desert and the present King of Arabia has a royal air force. rfelegraph.and teletribes have become so transformed as to be united phone lines, not to speak of wireless stations, contogether in a brotherly love, which earned for nect Mecca with the coast and Baghdad with the interior. Motor cars first came to West Arabia in them the name of Ikhwan, or "Brethren." Such is 1919. Now there is a good road between Jiddah and Mecca, and over one thousand passenger cars the picture painted by a native Sheikh. and buses are registered in the Hejaz. According to "The Near East and India," from Besides the regular route-Beirut to Damascus, which we gather this report, "the lecturer said thence due eastward to Rutbah Wells and to Ramthat the credit for introducing medical treatment adi, and along the Euphrates River to Baghdad- on modern lines in Kuwait, Basrah, and Bahrain the latter city is also accessible to Mediterranean was due to American Missions; in Nejd, to King Ibn Saoud; and in the Hejaz and the Yemen, to ports by a route beginning at Aleppo, Syria, and the Turks. But it is in the sphere of surgery, proceeding via Deir-ez-Zor·to Baghdad. exclusively, that the Arabs have made use of modern science-during the last twenty years or Every year the motor car is penetrating farther so. In the sphere of medicine, the Arabs have into neglected Arabia. Communications between scarcely recognized any merit in modern methods of treatment. The overwhelming majority still re- every part of the Peninsula were never so rapid sort to herbs and rely on the methods of Avicenna and universal. The Arabic press from Cairo, Bei- 1 Lady Kathleen'. "Slavery," pp. 49-46 (London, 1930). rut, Damascus, and Baghdad also reaches every part of the Peninsula. Surely all this is a chal- lenge to hasten the work of evangelization.

Ways of

'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,~~~~~~~~~~~~.~ MISSIONARY EDUCATION How It Was Born way from the appropriate study THROUGH After a time-honored tradi- books of the Missionary Educa- COMPETITIVE READING tion, it owed its birth and early tion Movement to volumes of standard fiction incorporating One of the puzzling problems nurture to the women! For a:d- missionary values, such as "A ministrative purposes, the mIS- Lantern in Her Hand," "Heirs," confronting all mission boards sionary field of the Northern "Red Rust," "Giants in the today is how to readj ust pro- Baptist Church is divided into Earth," etc. For instance, the ten geographical districts. Some motional plans to meet changed years 'back, the women's ~ro?ps home mission portion of the in several of these dIstrIcts conditions. Crusading; double- evolved their own competitive World-Wide Guild list for the quickstep slogans like "The Gos- plans for missionary reading. current year includes "The Chal- lenge of Change," "God and the pel to the Whole World in Twen- pLaartte~r ent hteonf eMwliyssioorngaarnyizEedd~cDae­- ty-five Years" (as in 1816), and Census" "The Adventures of tion was asked to grade, prmt, Mr. F;iend" "Roving with the "The Evangelization of the promote and make national these Migrants," '''Rural Religion and plans which, in the natural evo- World in This Generation" (in lution of a successful movement, the Country Church," "Steeples had become church-wide. At among the Hills:' and '~~he 1888) awakened an expectation present the women's national Laughingest Lady.' .In addItIon which failing of fulfillment, has boards' coope.rate in that they to this there are specIal books on name members to serve on the foreign missions, also inspirareacted in decreased interest and general committee and furnish tional and peace and prohibition the annual awards, but the ad- literature. In each case the comfinancial support. Due to a bet- ministration is in the hands of plete sets or "libraries" may be ter understanding of fundamen- the Board of Education, with purchased outright or built up the church as the local unit. locally by separate purchas~ or tal conditions and also of the gift. Not infrequently varI~us members of the church are wIllmagnitude of the task involved, we are lately glimpsing a new ing to donate volumes for the eiddeuacl~tivoinz., that of specialized (beginning in early youth if possible), as an im- petus'to the world-wide enterprise. Though its prospect ~f achievement is more remote, thIS cumulative building of the sevintensive cultivation of intelli- The Way It Works eral libraries. Miss May Husgence and interest would seem to promise better success. It A list of standard educational ton Associate Secretary of the gears itself up with present day and inspirational missionary Department of Missionary Eduthought and processes and con- books, together with a digest of cation, says: "While not all the stantly gains momentum as it their contents, is brought out books are interesting alike to all advances. each year by the national com- the churches, the diversity is Doubtless every denomination mittee in time for April distribu- such that many letters come to is making its own attempts along tion. These lists are carefully the office telling how much the this line, and the perfect plan- graded and include (1) an Adult readers have enjoyed them. The if such a thing is ever realizable Division for men and women; publishers have become anxi?us -would be a synthesis rather (2) a Young People's Division to have their books on our hsts than a selection; hence it is of with separate sec t ion s for and sometimes even ask us to World-Wide Guilds ('teen age read their manuscripts in adprime value to familiarize our- vance, making their accepta~ce selves with what our denomina- girls), Royal A mba s sad 0 r s of a book depend on our promIse tional neighbors are doing. The (,teen age boys), the Baptist Reading Contest Plan of the to use it in our contest list. The Baptist Board of Education Young People's Union and Bap- publication of good missionary bears its own credentials of eleven years' usage, and may be tist Christian Endeavor groups; books is increasing as a result of the reading program of the vari- (3) a Children's Group inclusive of the Children's World Crusade ous denominations."

and the Junior Societies. The found suggestive by other plan- subject matter is suitably varied Numerical credit values are ning boards. in each section, ranging all the attached to the several volumes [107]

in a list. In general, study books dent membership of the churches to twenty-five points on the Cercount 10 points, other books 5, in the district. In addition to tificate of Missionary Education MISSIONS (the Baptist mission- this, local, associational and issued by the Department of ary monthly) receives 10 points state prizes are given; also spe- Missionary Education. Of the for each issue, and each number cial awards in the several guilds five books, not more than two of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF cooperating, all on the basis of should be Bible books, the latter THE WORLD counts 5. It is note- the credit points of the national being included in each year's worthy that THE REVIEW is the contest. For illustration, in the list, for all groups. only magazine outside of Baptist World-Wide Guild contest, chappublication included in the con- ters qualifying by having five Competition for these awards test list. books read individually (group is keen, districts and their sub- reading not allowed) by every divisions vying with each other The reading list of each new member of the chapter-two in the accumulation of credit year is added to the total of all home, two foreign and one in- points. As all departments of preceding years; so this huge spirational, will receive for the the local church contribute tomissionary snowball goes on ward its grand total, wonderful rolling, new readers of the old first year a sepia print of Hoff- teamwork and a fine spirit of books acquiring the credit points man's "Head of Christ"; for the group cooperation develops. In the same as in the case of vol- second year, Plockhorst's "The a recent letter to the writer, umes for the current year. Good Shepherd"; for the third Miss Huston says: year, Raphael's "Sistine Madon- Organizational Machinery na"; for the fourth year, "The When the department first took over Madonna of the Chair"; for the this work there was a question in our A Contest Secretary is ap- fifth year, HoI man Hunt's minds whether the reading would inpointed in every cooperating "Light of the World" etc., terfere with the study program. As church. This person (usually a through a period of twelve suc- there has also been an increase in woman) promotes the plans in cessive years. Adults reading the number of study classes during the all departments, though the as- the Junior missionary books to years, we have decided that it has sistance of a committee is usual- the children are credited with helped rather than retarded that phase ly necessary in the I a r g e r the same number of points as are of the work. Another thing which we churches. Contest Secretaries given to the children. In the Pri- questioned was the wisdom of countreport to Associational Secreta- mary and Nursery grades, the ing points and giving a prize. This ries charged with the work, and children only receive the credit. however, seemed to be stimulating inthese, in turn, report to State While it is recommended that terest and certainly the circulation of Secretaries, the latter sending readers follow the same list new books which constituted the prize their reports to the Associate throughout, books in one graded would do good. We have found that Secretary of the Department of list may usually be substituted many of the states and even associa- Missionary Education for publi- for those in another. Churches tion groups have given books as prizes cation in the annual handbook. reaching the higher standard of to churches which have done special Of course this machinery works five per cent of their resident equally well from above down- membership reading five mis- work, and this also has added to the ward, for all promotional pur- sionary books each are entitled poses. It may be added that the circulation of missionary books. The regular organizational machinery of national, district, state steady gain has seemed to be the most and local agencies is ably supplemented by the staff of 1,666 vol- encouraging feature about it. unteer workers in the department, making continuous efforts A Peep Into the "Works" to get the latest plans, methods and materials across to the To continue with Miss Huschurches. Well frained, though ton: unsalaried, many of these workers exercise initiative and roll up In the local church a vigorous readresults not always paralleled by ing program usually starts with the salaried officials. appointment of a woman to head up the work. I always instruct them to Prizes and Awards make an inventory of the books al- ready in the church or Sunday School A prize of five traveling libra- library, find out what listed books are ries of ten books each is awarded available in the homes of the members by the Women's Home and For- and make a visit to the public library eign Boards to the districts se- to find what volumes are available curing the largest number of there. Members of the church often points in proportion to the resi- contribute books from their private li- braries in order to make them avail- able for the whole church.

It is very important to make new books available to the readers. This can be done in a number of ways. Probably the women's societies are re- sponsible for buying more of the new books than anyone else, inasmuch as they feel responsibility for furnishing the young women and children with interesting material; but organized Sunday School classes or Sunday Schools themselves often vote money for this purpose. Individuals are en-

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

listed and in some cases an amount is Figures, like actions, "speak The Sunday School Missionary regularly put into the church budget for this purpo!>e. louder than words." Surely the Ladder. For a ladder-climbing plan has approved itself. it ably contest, have a carpenter make a After the books are secured, various methods are adopted for keeping real ladder of 10 or more rungs. the records. It will be readily recog- supplements and extends those Place it in the Sunday School. nized that unless some one is on the of the Missionary Education job continually, the books will be scat- Movement, in which twenty-two Put the name of one book on tered in different homes and lost track denominations are now cooperat- each rung. As a book is read, of or will remain in the library with- ing. Incidentally it may be statout much use. Both of these things the name of the reader is placed must be avoided. The Reading Con- ed that Baptists are the second test Secretary must know where the largest users of the United on a tag and attached to that books are and keep records of th" Study books. rung. The one who climbs the ladder first is the one who has readers. Some use posters on which read all the books first. If a they place a star of some color for the reading of single books and pos- A Glimpse Through the Field prize is announced, give a missibly a gold star for those who have Glass sionary book.

read five books. In the case of one One of our leading missionary The Circle Race Up the Steps. church there was a contest between adults and the younger groups, includ- administrators recently stated Have a simple, manila-pa-r>er ing young people and juniors, but the sketch of a broad flight of steps reports were brought in at the mis- that provincialism and lack of on which are poised, lightly perspective constitute the greatsionary meeting once each month. est world-wide problem the gummed, pictures of jauntily They had a thermometer drawn on Church has to face today. A dressed women (cut from fash- cardboard with the number of points marked off by thousands, and made deeper understanding of the ion plates) bearing on their the red lines with crayons as the vari- other great ethnic faiths is absoous reports came in. This church en- lutely necessary for an adequate backs the names or numbers of tered into the reading program with conception of the missionary the several circles into which the great interest for a year and followed woman's society is divided, and it with a much better educational pro- task-yes, and a confidence, born which are in competition for gram than they had previously ever of intimate knowledge, that the "points" gained in missionary thought of having. Christian message holds its su- reading, each step representing premacy in meeting the most di- There are, of course, some things a definite advance in points. which are not ideal. We try to keep Great excitement prevails at people from reading merely for the verse needs. In this crucial pe- each monthly meeting to see sake of reporting points. We realize riod of inflamed race prejudice "how far up our circle has gone." The one reaching the top a church which is striving for a record and rampant nationalism, the may err along this line. time is ripe to activate the mes- "The Proof of the Pudding" sage of the Master that all men first may receive her choice of a are potentially brothers and book from the reading list. Realizing that the intangible results which it is impossible to must learn to live together. Our Dramatizing the Reading List. tabulate are often the most po- program, though broad, is not The Contest Secretary enters tent, we may yet gain an ap- yet big enough for the condi- dressed in cap and gown and proximate idea of the working tions. We must have more in- carrying an armful of the curefficiency of this plan by com- telligence as to actual conditions. rent books on which she is mediparative statistics over a period It is our conviction that the re- tating. She paces the platform of eight years, some of the earli- cent move for church-wide miser details being incomplete. sionary education is the most im- in a brown study, thinkiIl4J portant advance in our genera- aloud. Presently her dreams Persons reading 5 tion, and it is calculated to go are materialized, as she calls far toward halting current re- reminiscently for "Peter, Bingo Year missionary books cessions in both interest and con- and Those Others" (Edward 1922-1923 .. , …. … 6,262 tributions. Seaman)-and in from a side room runs a little five-year- 1923-1924 ………. 7,888 A POTPOURRI OF PROMO- old leading his rollicking collie TIONAL PLANS dog, this brief dialog ensuing: 1924-1925 ………. 10,143 "I'm so glad to see you, Peter, Well-seasoned met hod s for and your dog, too. (Shakes hands 1925-1926 ………. 21,319 1926-1927 ………. 35,994 1927-1928 ………. 44,102 1929-1930 ………. 51,462 1930-1931 ………. 59,387 This table does not include popularizing missionary litera- with both.) That was a fine those who read less than five ture are herein assembled from thing you did in your book. How books per year. In 1925-1926, a wide range of denominational did you become willing to sell there were 82,483 readers of at sources, with the assurance that your dog?" least one book reported, 260,053 most of them are available with Peter: "0, I just knew the books read and 3,324,786 points other subject matter and in all Bishop needed money and I had reported. In 1930-1931, the num- departments of church life. RE- none, so I did the only thing I ber of readers had increased to MEMBER THAT EYE-GATE HAS. could think of to get some for 199,620, the number of books No NEAR COMPETITOR AS A PORT him. I sold my dog." (Exit read to 1,077,432, and the num- OF ENTRY TO THE CITY OF UN- Peter and his collie.) ber of points won to 9,131,744. DERSTANDING. Similarly the secretary sum-

mons a young college man to im- Around Our Library Table, or salt of the earth; two level teapersonate and review "Larry" The Animated Catalogue. The spoonfuls Literature Subscrip- (by Himself) ; a young married former consists of a series of tion Plan ($1.00 per'year bring- brief reviews of the best miswoman for "Heirs" (Cannon); sionary books, given by a circle ing all the new leaflets as they a real Salvation Army lass to de- of good "reporters" sit tin g scribe and emphasize "God in come from a certain denominathe Slums" (Redwood), etc. As around a literature-filled table a close, this highly imaginative and brought into action by the tional press); one cup proper secretary tells where all the librarian (leader). The latter js books may be obtained. The the same plan with a more imag- circulation of saine; one cup finecircle leaders having them in ly chopped reading; two eggscharge were simply swamped inative touch, the various publi- subscription to THE REVIEW. with applications, especially for cations coming to life and speak- Cream thoroughly first five in- "Peter." ing in the first person, as, "I gredients. Add Literature Sub- scription Plan. Then whip in Contest Devices. S t ret c h a represent the experiences of a the circulation and reading (as wire about six feet long on one real worker in the slums" etc. cake would fall flat without side of the room, goals being these) ; fold in the SUbscriptions The literature thus exploited to THE REVIEW; flavor with in- should "sell itself" (or loan it- spiration from Bible reading. Bake in executive committee self) at the close of the meeting.

marked at intervals for books A Grab-Bag Review. Publica- meeting. Cover top and sides read. Gay automobiles cut from tions passed around at the close with icing as follows: One teamagazines and bearing individ- of one meeting and drawn, hit spoonful eI).ergy, four tableual readers' names are attached or miss, from an attractive bag, spoonfuls keen thinking; add disto the wire by means of gummed are studied and reviewed by cussion; spread, then sprinkle (Dennison) hooks at the back, their several recipients at the generously with devotion." At and moved along in accord with next meeting. this point sample the cake by as- their owners' progress. Story Hour in the Mission suming to cut it, then serve some Circle. An occasional meeting at of its contents by having spicy Draw on a large sheet of card- which the best missionary narboard a sketch of a leafless tree, ratives, with or without camp- reviews of new literature taken fire device, are given by good from the interior of the cake. the trunk being named for the Such reviews must have been society, each branch for a group narrators. well prepared and "baked" beor circle therein and each twig forehand. This device is an atfor a member. As books are tractive one for an entire pro- gram featuring new study and read, attach to the reader's twig Inverted Birthday Gifts. This reading books as well as leaflets. a bright leaf cut from crepe is a good plan in the assembling "Samples" may well be passed paper. around for purchase or home of a missionary reading list or reading. Choose sides and have a study book question contest, the losing library. Have a list of the birth- Stimulating the Reports from side paying into the treasury a days of the membership. When Children certain amount to expend on each person's natal day comes next year's study books. As a rule, children are care- around, instead of receiving less as to reporting credits for "A penny for your thoughts." gifts, the person makes one to books read. This device has been l1ivide into sides. Have a deco- found excellent: Add a cardrated box or child's bank into the mission circle, guild or other board handle to an ordinary which a penny is dropped for group, a missionary book of ap- flower basket mounted on cardeach book read by that side, the resulting fund being expended proved character or from a desfor more books. ignated list being required. In- cidentally, the reaction is good for the donor.

Pin questions on the study Recipe for a Delicious Litera- board backing in such a way that book chapter under considera- ture Cake. A Mission Study the top is open enough to slip tion, on the backs of the mem- Caterer gives a bright, snappy flowers in. Make a cardboard bers and have them circulate talk incorporating the ingredi- flower for each member of the freely during the social hour. ents as she describes the cake- group, writing her name on the No woman may be seated for re- illustrated by a large imitation stem and pasting her kodak picfreshments until she has been one made up with gold and white ture or a head cut from a maga- able to answer and so unpin at tissue paper, etc., in imitation of zine, in the heart of the flower. least one question from some frosted gold cake. "One-third A petal is added for each book of a cup of oil on troubled wa- read. Boys do not care especialone's back. Have a review of one book on ters; three-fourths cup of hu- ly for flowers, so each lad is inthe reading list given in the man kindness; one and one-half structed to make his own quiver opening exercises at each pro- cup s of 'flowers – while – the- (tinting it with brown crayon to gram meeting. In this way at friends-yet-live' ; two cups syrup resemble bark) into which he least ten books are presented in of remembrance of missionary may stick an arrow for each vol- workers; one-half teaspoonful ume read. outline each year.

Women's Home and Foreign

HELEN M. BruCKMAN, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA '''l1li OUR RED BROTHERS "paternalistic policy" took away We neglect to distinguish be- A Study in Contrasts natural incentive. What man is tween those who do cling to the going to work for food and By Jennie Cartland Callister clothing when it will fall into his past, to the ceremonies of their lap if he waits for it? This One who makes any serious policy led to what has been called tribes, and the Indians who think study of the American Indians "the lethargy of expectancy." is struck by the fact that it is a Do we not owe to these less in- of themselves as American citistudy in contrasts. Whatever teresting tribes an even greater phase of life is considered, one zens and have grown away from finds these striking contrasts. debt? the primitive customs of their Too much has been said in the Many of us forget that there past about the few wealthy In- were different types of Indians people. dians, so that uninformed peo- in this country when the white ple will say in all sincerity, man came, Indian nations with There is much which is pictur- "Why, I thought the Indians, entirely different habits of life were rich-from oil." The in- and thought. Many were,and esque and beautiful in the old come of those who suddenly be- some still are, as different as came wealthy some years ago is Englishmen and Frenchmen. It customs of some tribes. Take, decreasing year by year and it is is interesting to know that some a question whether the last state of them do not think of them- for example, the "Green Corn of those Indians will not be selves as "Indians" but acknowl- Feast" of the Senecas. It is worse than the first. With edge only their tribal name. Mr. really a thanksgiving ceremony, neither experience nor training Lindquist tells a story which though it is celebrated in August in the use of money, they have illustrates this. He was visiting and lasts four days. They bring been the prey not only of un- an Indian school. The superin- the best of their fruits, grains scrupulous whites but of their tendent introduced him as one and vegetables, which are piled own foolish fancies and baser who had for years been inter- around a beautiful oak tree in a emotions so that wealth, which ested in Indians. The boys large space surrounded by high we usually consider a blessing, looked at each other blankly, bluffs. Here the ceremonies take has to most of them been a then one of them said, "Does he place-the enumerating of all curse. mean Choctaw?" their blessings, the naming and blessing of the babies by the In contrast to the very few As various tribes were pushed chief, the dances with their difwealthy Indians are the great from the places that the white ferent phases-friendship, sunmajority, so poor that life is at man wanted, they were eventu- shine and growing things. Then best merely a precarious exist- ally located near to each other- the products of their fields and ence. There is nothing of the in Oklahoma, especially. Though gardens are given away, their romantic we so like to associate they had inherited not only dif- best! (Many of the Senecas are with Indians to be found in these ferent languages and thought very poor.) groups. Dirty, diseased and dis- "patterns" and also, in some couraged, they are far from pic- cases, tribal feuds that had last- We like to hear about these turesque. Many people, some ed for generations, they were interesting customs. The danger Christians, refuse to accept any expected to adjust themselves to is that we shall expect, if not responsibility for such as these, these difficulties and at the same demand, the picturesque, forgetmerely shrugging aside the time to adopt the white man's ting that we are now training whole matter by calling them civilization. What a task to thrust Indian young people, the leaders "shiftless and lazy" ! Who made upon a primitive people! Some of tomorrow, to take their places them so? Who took away their of them have clung tenaciously in our civilization. Sometimes natural economic basis of living? to the customs of their ancestors, we ask young Indians who have The original attempts of the while others are practically as- never in their lives worn clothgovernment to right the wrong similated into our civilization; ing essentially different from only made matters worse. The And that leads us to another of ours, to don "war bonnets" and the contrasts. beaded suits for our entertain- ment. If we do this for publicity purposes, we should at least rec- ognize the fact that it may be quite as much "out of character" for them as it would be for us to appear in the garb of our Puritan or Pilgrim ancestors!

[111]

Would that more of us could ed. This is a splendid interde- child feeding and the care of appreciate the situation in which nominational project that we can women and children. Health and the young Indians find them- carry on hand in hand, thus giv- body clinics emphasize the pre- selves today! They are caught ing Christian leadership to the vention of diseases as well as its between two civilizations, each Indian boys and girls who need cure. with its pull on their lives, and guidance and who need love. in many circumstances the two Union Medical School, VeIlore, influences are pulling in exactly WOMEN'S UNION COLLEGES India. This school, built up opposite directions. Consider the IN THE ORIENT through years of hard work, is case of a young girl who goes The story of the seven Union a monument to the splendid efhome from boarding school for Christian Colleges of the Orient fort of Dr. Ida 'Scudder, who is vacation to find that her rela- still the guiding spirit of the tives have arranged for her mar- is well known to the women of -institution. A hospital and dis- America who have followed with pensary in Vellore are part of riage to someone whom she does interest the organization of the its program, which includes a not even know. Respect for par- colleges, five of them during war nurses' training school and an ents and grandparents is a car- years and two as they have de- out-patient department, wit h dinal virtue in some tribes. Great veloped from high schools and roadside clinics for forty miles pressure is brought to bear. post-graduate high schools over in every direction from VeHore. Shall she yield 1 If she does, it a period of twenty-five years. Some new buildings have been will probably mean the end of The story of the campaign, built and more are in the process her hope of becoming a "real when the women of America of construction. American citizen." Some girls raised two million dollars and run away from the dilemma, only claimed a third million from the Isabella Tho burn College, Luckto face other and, in some cases, Laura S p e 11 man Rockefeller now, India. This college is the fund to secure buildings and oldest woman's college in all of worse difficulties. equipment for these colleges, is Asia and its standing is unques- equally familiar. The years have tioned throughout North India. Constantly our young Indians passed, the buildings have been It has government recognition, must make choices. White lead- built, the colleges have increased as the woman's college connected ers need sympathetic insight in in enrollment, have broadened in with the University of Lucknow guiding them during these criti- scope and have been strength- and the women of Isabella Thocal years when "they have lost ened by the leadership they have burn vie for honors with the much of the old Indian culture produced. men of the university and in the without having fully assimilated majority of cases come out with white standards." Let us not Ginling College, Nan kin g , the lion's share. lose sight of the fact that there China. Dr. Yi-Fang Wu, the new is something of the Indian cul- president, a graduate of Ginling, Woman's Christian College, ture worth saving. The young who took her master's and doc- Madras, India. This college has people should be encouraged to tor's degrees at the University perhaps the most beautiful setfeel that theirs is a noble race of Michigan, is doing an out- ting, with trees, gardens a~d with a real contribution to make standing piece of work not only stately buildings. The chapel IS at Ginling, where she has won to our American life. the confidence of both faculty in itself a real mosaic. and students, but in government Here again the students vie Among those who have caught educational circles, where her a vision for these young people position is established and her for honors with the men stuand are trying to help them real- counsels valued. dents of the University of Maize it, are the Religious Work dras. A strong science depart- Directors of the Government Yenching College, P e i pin g , ment gives adequate preparation Boarding Schools. Not long ago China. Here many new experi- for students planning to go into a list of questions was sent to ments in ,education are being medicine. Homemakers receive these directors, among them this tried out and much research excellent training, and already one, "What seems to you to be work done on which the future this college is responsible for the the outstanding need of the boys education in China will be built. establishment of St. Christoand girls 1" One director an- T h r 0 ugh the Department of pher's College, which speci!lJ~zes swered, "Someone to love them." Home Economics, homemakers in all grades of teacher trammg. and teachers of homemaking are Someone to love them! Can't being trained. Religion and so- Women's Christian College, we love them, the lovely and the cial service occupy a prominent Tokyo, Japan. Over four hununlovely, the picturesque and the place in the college curriculum. dred students are enrolled this year in the Women's College of prosaic1 Most of us will have to do it at "long range," but one Japan, and the faculty, c?nsistway that we can show we do ing of about seventy full-tIme or care is to keep the Religious Work Directors in the schools Shantung University, Tsinan, part-time teachers, i~cludes onl~ where we now have them and China. Our interest here is cen- six Americans. PresIdent Yasul make it possible to place more tered around the training of is the outstanding woman eduwhere they are desperately need- women doctors who specialize in cator of Japan and a strong

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

Christian influence in the college. fessional Women, W.C.T.U., the the Women's International Or- The students are living out the National Committee on the Cause ganizations, functioning in Gecollege motto of "Sacrifice and and Cure of War, International neva close to the League's Sec- Service" in their work for the Association of University Wom- retariat, has an immense task in less fortunate children of Tokyo. en and International Women's informing its member organiza- The graduates 0 c cup y many Cooperative Guild are the eleven tions how women may best coprominent positions in schools organizations which have united operate in making the Disarmaand in altruistic fields. A new in the formation of this commit- ment Conference a success. administration building has just tee for the purpose of promoting been completed and the most the success of the World Dis- Here is a great call to strenupressing need now is for a armament Conference. This com- ous effort. Disarmament is rechapel. mittee has its headquarters at quired not only to prevent actual Geneva, and its aim is to stimu- war but to direct enormous, non- There are many union institu- late and to concentrate the work productive, destructive expenditions in the Orient, but these for disarmament which women tures into productive, construcseven are the institutions in are carrying on throughout the tive channels. Let us not only which the great body of church world with such earnestness and rid ourselves of war, but of prepwomen of America have cen- zeal. Thus it represents many arations for war. Sign disarmatered their interest over a period millions of women of all nations, ment petitions; join an organiof many years. The need con- for whom the question of dis- zation which keeps you informed tinues and the task grows. More armament is one of the most im- of what you can do; read the responsibility is taken nationally portant the world has ever had newspapers; attend meetings; in China, India and Japan, and to consider. study the difficult issues; realize close examination shows that the that you are a citizen and let individual student in most cases At its first meeting in Septem- your government know how you bears about the same share of ber, 1931, the committee passed feel; and send a contribution, the expense of her education as the following resolution, which however small, to the Disarmadoes her American sister. En- was sent to the delegates of the ment Committee of the Women's dowments are lacking, and this League Assembly: International Organizations, 2, fact increases the amount needed Rue Daniel-Colladon, 2, Geneva to meet the current budget and The great international organiza- (Switzerland) to help carryon makes help from over the water tions of women assembled at a meet- its work effectively. ing of their special committee for imperative. united action in support of disarma- INTERNATIONAL EXHIBIT ment, beg to express their whole- And so we, whose daughters hearted support of the forthcoming An International Exhibit has partake of the educational feast Disarmament Conference and their been opened at 746 Fifth Avespread out by a thousand col- earnest desire for its success. They nue, New York City. leges, reach out in love and pledge themselves, by every means in friendship to our sisters across their power, to help in organizing the The store which has been given the sea, and through these seven vast and growing public opinion in for this exhibit is most attraccolleges for women give to them favor of the Conference and of the tively and effectively decorated some of the opportunities for the realization of the world-wide cry for and arranged as a center of indevelopment of Christian leader- disarmament and security. formation on the Conference for ship, the training of mind and the Limitation and Reduction of body which have been given to Women demand disarmament Armaments and questions reus and to those we love. and, as a first step, they ask for lated to it. an effective reduction of arma- DISARMAMENT COMMITTEE ments. At the same time they Pamphlets, periodicals, books OF THE WOMEN'S INTERNA- are convinced that the first arms and posters dealing with current to lay down are hatred and sus- international affairs and the Dis- TIONAL ORGANIZATIONS picion. It is with inner moral armament Conference as well as disarmament that one has to economic interdependence are on The Disarmament Committee begin. Women are specially quali- sale. Expert advice on literature, of the Women's International fied for this task, and it can be exhibit material and special pro- Organizations rep res en ts the their greatest contribution to the grams for club groups is availgreatest concerted action that work of disarmament. able. There is a children's corner women have ever undertaken. with suggestions for books and The International Council of A great impetus to the effort handcraft. Industrial exhibits Women, Universal Alliance of of women was given by the Span- are being displayed by many the Y. W. C. A., International Al- ish resolution adopted by the As- leading corporations, showing liance of Women for Suffrage sembly on September 24, 1931, the international scope of the and Equal Citizenship, Women's requesting "the Council to exam- work. International League for Peace ine the possibility of increasing and Freedom, World Woman's the collaboration of women in A center of this sort can be of Peace Union, European Union of the work of the League of Na- great educational value and a Soroptimist Clubs, International tions. This has special bearing' real aid in the creation of inter- Federation of Business and Pro- on the Disarmament Conference. est in world peace. The Disarmament Committee of

THE KINGDOM OF GOD people signed cards as inquirers. The following are some of the CAMPAIGN by-products of the movement to Some of these meetings were date: By William Axling Secretary of the National Chris- really monster meetings with It has created among the Christian forces of the Empire tian Council of Japan the attendance running as high a spirit of cooperation .and soli- darity which did not eXIst before The Kingdom of God Cam- as 2,000 at a single service. the movement was launched. paign starte~ its .sec?nd year The ninety district committees with four maJor obJectIves. Third: The third objective has that have been organized under its auspices have brought the First: Through the holding been to project the movement Christians of the cities and of of Training Conferences for the provinces in which these Christians to mobilize for the into the neglected rural area by committees are functioning into movement the laity of the church very close working relations and and to train them for active promoting and conducting Peas- given them a new consciousness participation in the movement. of the fact that they are one, ant Gospel Schools. As a pro- with a common Lord, a common With this in view two mass Gospel and a common goal. training conferences were held motional measure a conference early in the year, one in Tokyo Another by-product of the for the area including Tokyo and for the training of people to con- movement has been a broadenthe territory to the north and ing of the vision ?~ those. wl,lo one at Nara for the Osaka- duct Peasant Gospel Schools was have actively partICIpated mIt, Kyoto-Kobe district and the sur- and a re-interpretation of their rounding territory. One thou- held in Tokyo in April. Over task in terms of a more practical sand four hundred and fifty lay- Gospel and a Christiani.ty apmen and lay-women attended 100 delegates, most of them of- plied to the problems whIch are these conferences. These dele- distressing our modern world. gates were sent by the churches ficially appointed by the denomiin the areas covered by the con- An 0 the r far-reaching byference and have proved a tre- nation with which they are con- product has been the creation mendous force in creating inter- among the Christians of other est in the campaign in their re- nected, attended this conference. nations of a new interest in the spective churches and localities. Christian movement in this land Such Christian rural special- and especially a new interest in Following these two mass con- the progress of the indig~no~s ferences, con fer e n c e s of a ists as Messrs. Sugiyama, Kuri- Christian Church here whIch IS similar character have been held fast reaching full manhood. in a great many of the provinces bara, Mas s a k i, Kurabayashi, of the Empire, with representa- Letters come from all quarters tives from all of the churches in Yabe, Takizawa and Kagawa, of the world expressing a deep the province in attendance. interest in this Kingdom of God out of their own experience Campaign, assuring us of the Second: Another objective has prayers of a large number of been that of continuing the mass placed before these delegates the people in the various nations and evangelistic m e e tin g s which asking for information to pass were started last year. Dr. Kaga- purpose, the technique, the on to many who are eager to wa of course, has been the cen- know how the movement is trai figure in this particular course of study and other mat- progressing. p has e of the movement, but there have been a large number ters pertaining to the conduct In a very real sense the Camof pastors, as well as laymen, who all over the Empire have of a successful Gospel School. paign is thus creating not only served as evangels in meetings for the public at large. The Kingdom of God Cam- a new solidarity within the . Statistics have not as yet been paign has also provided speakers Christian forces of the Japanese gathered to cover this phase of the work for the current year, for quite a large number of Empire, but is creating a sense so it is impossible to report the number of meetings held and Peasant Gospel Schools that of sol ida r i t y between the their results. have already been held this year. churches of the west and the Dr. Kagawa covered the Tohoku fairly well and had some However, the movement only churches of this land. wonderful meetings in the Hok- Imido. During the twenty days' provides speakers for Gospel The movement needs your campaign there over 2,000 Schools that are cooperative in constant and passionate prayers.

character; that is, it will not It is packed with large poten- send speakers to schools that are tialities, but only prayer and the under purely denominational work of God's spirit can bring auspices. these to realization.

Fourth: The fourth objective this year is that of following up campaigns that have been held in the past with a view to con- serving their results. Quite a number of such follow-up cam- paigns have been held and each district committee, with this as a goal, is encouraged to put on special meetings for special groups, such as meetings for st~­ dents for educators, for bUSI- ness :nen, for working men, etc.

The Kingdom of God Weekly has held its own both as to cir- culation and content and about 3ev0~0r0y0 copies are published week. The launching of this evangelistic medium and the wide circulation which it has at- tained in so short a time is one of the outstanding achievements of this campaign thus far. Our W orld,Vide Outlook A Missionary N.ewspaper of Cu.rrent Events CHINA They do not have a single blank- packed to its utmost limits every day. et or change of clothing. The Standing room was even at a pre- Wrestling with Flood Perils chill winds will be exceedingly mium, and the addresses were broad- difficult for families with little cast by loud speakers to large audi- A unique factor of a Yangtze children. The entire Christian ences in the courtyard of the church. flood is its duration in time as community over a wide area has It was noteworthy that so many of well as extent in space. It is now been reduced to poverty by those who attended were young laynormal behavior for this great bandits and civil war. All men and women. stream to remain high for four buildings at Kienning have been or five months each year. This at least partially destroyed, and . Following the conference, four evematters little so long as it re- the mission safe, with the deeds mngs devoted to evangelistic work mains below the dike level, as it and accounts, and cash, has been were arranged, admission free. The does in ordinary years, but when looted, reports the pastor of a first of these was held on Sunday in it overflows the dikes and fills church' at Kienning. He lost the Lee Gardens. By the aid of loud all the valley, this slow recession everything he possessed, and speakers, the addresses were audible of the waters extends greatly the started out again in a borrowed in every part of the Gardens. It is estiperiod of distress. This means suit of clothes, to go back to his mated that there must have been fully no winter crops throughout most field and direct the work of res- ten thousand people present, and a of the valley, and the total de- toration. feature was the reverent attitude of struction of almost all buildings -American Board of Commis- all present. standing in water. sioners for Foreign Missions. These gatherings are the biggest of Relief organizations are oper- An Unusual Conference their kind ever held in China. All ating so efficiently now that delegates meet their own expenses, there is no word of actual star- Mrs. Arthur Lindquist, of the while at the same time contributing vation or acute distress, though Swedish American Mission, Can- toward the general expenses. No apthe deaths from disease remain ton, China, reports some most peal is made for funds, and on only high, despite heroic efforts by unusual gatherings for Bible one evening are envelopes distributed the medical services. The gov- study and evangelism. Bible for the free will offerings. ernment has asked medical conferences were held for ten schools to suspend work for days at both Hongkong and Can- A United Church in China three months in order that their ton for the deepening of spiritfaculties and advanced students ual life in the Chinese Church. When the Church of Christ in may be released for work in the These were conducted by the na- China was organized it was a devastated regions. tive Chinese churches. heterogeneous group with vary- ing backgrounds and origins, The hard pull is ahead when Before the first conference representing the work of fourthe coming of winter coincides was held it was felt that if fifty teen missionary societies with with' the exhaustion of local or one hundred teachers, pas- varying systems of church polstocks of grain. It is still too tors, and evange.Iists could be ity. The synods were scattered early for the collection of ac- gathered it would be worth all over China speaking varying curate information as to the while. To the surprise of all dialects and, with the exception totals which will be required. great numbers came in spite of of a very few of the Chinese pas- the terrific heat of midsummer tors and church leaders, were -The Christian Century. in the tropics. very little acquainted with each other. The two triennial meet- Self-forgetfulness and Courage From the South China Morn- ings of the General Assembly ing Post the following para- and these General Workers' Con- "Facing destruction, many graphs refer to the gathering at ferences have created opportunileaders have displayed self-for- Hongkong: ties for the unifying spirit of getfulness and courage. Prac- our Lord to manifest His gratically all the well-to-do families The annual Pooi-Ling Bible Confer- cious work. Out of these assemin our Christian community ~nce, an interdenominational gatherhave been robbed, held for ran- mg arranged by the Protestant a blies and conferences and resom, and forced to pay large churches, aims at the deepening of sums of money. The Director of spiritual life among Christian work- treats there is emerging· Religious Education and his ers. church which is not only united wife are living in the ruins of in name and in aim, but also in their once modern little home. The meetings were marked by pro- spirit and in service. It is a great found interest on the part of the Chi- privilege to see these integrating nese, Saint Paul's Church being forces at work and to observe the process of becoming a [115] church which is spiritually, es- sentially and actually one.

-A. R. Kepler. Bandit Rescues a Missionary are a mass of sentimentality or and a debauchee in spite of his Mr. Lacey Sites, of the Amer- filth. It is time that America excellent education. His sins ican Methodist Mission, Fukien, showed at least as much good brought him to attempted suiwho was taken captive and held judgment as the Chinese. cide and delirium tremens. The for ransom by Chinese bandits Chinese Responsibility bullet missed his brain yet left that infest that province gained him lying for a long time be- his liberty a week later. No The staff of the Protestant tween life and death. A Japanransom money was paid. He Episcopal Mission at Anking is ese pastor led him to the Cross. was rescued by a young bandit almost entirely Chinese. The His deliverance was immediate leader who, with a hundred fol- foreign members are: one bish- and his transformation comlowers, scoured the hills for four op and one foreign priest, one plete. This has so impressed the days in search of the missing doctor and two nurses, two busi- university officials and hospital missionary. This young bandit ness women, three sisters, two surgeon under whom he serves, had attended a missionary meet- men teachers. The Chinese staff that indifferent as they are to ing addressed by Mr. Sites, and includes: 31 Chinese priests, the claims of Christ on themhad been so impressed that he 18 catechists, 96 teachers, 3 doc- selves, they allow him to hold had exp'ressed a desire to change tors, 2 sisters. Bishop Hunting- meetings with patients, nurses his mode of life. He left after a ton writes: and office staff. Some thirty- short conversation with the mis- The object of the Anking mission five souls gather weekly to pray sionary and no particular impor- has always been to merge itself in the and praise and listen. Chinese Church, and the troubles of tance was attached to the inci- recent years have hastened it. Chi- For Peace and Progress dent at the time. This bandit, nese workers are now in charge of hearing of Mr. Sites' capture, nearly everything in the diocese. The Christian conscience in immediately called his followers Every church, every school, and even Japan is aroused to the menace together and went in pursuit. the hospital, are under Chinese heads. of the present Sino-Japanese They found the missionary in a The bishop and the diocesan treasurer dispute. The National Christian small house, closely guarded, are Americans. Council of Japan, representing surrounded the house, effected practically all Protestant Chrishis release, and brought him I hope, and my Chinese brethren tians in the land, unanimously home in a sedan chair. share the hope, that we shall not be passed a strong resolution con- forced into making another jump too taining the following declara- China Motion Picture Control suddenly. In any event the Church tions: in China, in spite of her troubles, is Immorality, murder and rob- going on to meet her new problems, In view of the Manchurian incibery are promoted by many mo- stronger and more vigorous than dent we feel a deep sense of selftion picture films. The life of ever. reproach that the spirit of world JAPAN-CHOSEN many peoples, including Ameri- Japan Evangelistic Band peace, based on brotherly love which cans, is grossly misrepresented we constantly advocate, does not per- In Kobe there are nearly a by films exported to other coun- dozen little churches, all self- vade the world's life. We pledge ourtries. In order to insure against selves to new endeavor in behalf of peace in the Orient and throughout this the Chinese ministry of supporting, the result of the the world. May the conception of jusfinance has instructed the cus- work of the Japan Evangelistic tice, friendship and love be deep-going toms administration to prohibit Band. Their total annual offerthe export of Chinese films un- ings amount to over three thou- and rule the hearts Df all who are concerned with this problem, and lead to an early solution of the difficulty, less previously approved by the sand dollars. One is a mission- thus eradicating the roots of the con- ary church, the members of troversy between Japan and China. national film censorship commis- • . . We earnestly desire the pray- which are Koreans. Another sion. China insists that the group of country s tat ion s ers and cooperation of our brethren movies made in that country in Christ and of all peace movements shall fairly represent the Chi- around the city of Okayama are everywhere. nese people. America permits all self-supporting and guided by The present international sitthe exportation of the worst of Mr. Sato, an old Band member. uation, the increasingly desper- Hollywood pictures without in- There is still another group, ate industrial and social conditerference, and has instituted a thirteen in number, scattered tions in Japan, and the fact that bureau whose function it is to through the country. These too 40,000,000 rural people in 12,000 increase the sale of American are self-supporting. A larger Japanese villages have not been films abroad no matter how group of twenty-six little con- touched as yet by Christian efmuch they may damage Ameri- gregations lying between Kobe forts is enough to convince the ca's reputation. Alternating and the west coast of Japan are most skeptical of the need for a with the gangster films are those the result of the Forward Move- united Christian front to the of low moral standards, depict.:. ment. evils of the day. An evidence of ing men as not only not protect- A typical convert's story is the vitality of Japanese Christiing women, but gliding with that of the present cashier of a anity is shown by the Christian them down the path of sin. The hospital connected with a large Council's approval of the misbulk of the exported pictures university. He was a drunkard sion work being undertaken

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

among Japanese in other lands, lies hidden in those figures. One 1830." A great crowd assembled notably Brazil, the Philippines, boy from a darkened home every on the site, where these men and the United States. day at school prayed that his lived and are buried. Bowed be- parents, brothers and sisters neath the palms, on the eastern Union Bible Classes in Osaka might know Christ and at home end of this tiny island, that he urged them to take the step. stands sentinel by the date line, From the bustling city of They would not even attend many lives were pledged to take Osaka, Japan, comes encourag- until "c 0 m men cern e n t" day up the torch and wave it wide. ing news of a Bible Training when, hearing their little son "These all died in faith. Theirs School. Miss Ann Kludt writes recite Scripture and seeing him was the past century, ours is the in the Watchman~Examiner: receive a Bible in reward, they present! A century in which to all gave their heart to the Lord. keep Fiji Christian, in the face Several members of the Bible class That church-the Ip..Am Church of new sinister forces that are have seen the vision of a union of all of Suh Hyung Co.-reports the revealing themselves on every the English Bible classes of the city. whole church revived as a re- hand." We tried to arrange for such a meet- sult of its summer venture for ing last year, but we had to give up the children. -Missionary Review the idea. But last Sunday we did (Australasia) . have the meeting, and were more than At O-San 260 children were delighted for nine classes were repre- taught. Sec u I ar primary Mass Education in Lanao sented with seven foreign teachers. teachers tried to p'revent ten of Eighty-nine members of the nine them from attending, five were We are under tremendous classes were present. The program beaten and abused by their pressure. Now we have 142 was divided into three parts: devo- parents and twenty or thirty volunteer teachers; program tional, a program by the classes, and were abused for going to a Bible gaining momentum every day; a discussion. The result was a union School. Many were illiterate our newspaper printing job is of the classes with the object of meet- when the school started. At the ass u min g huge proportions; ing once .or twice a year for better end of the term, seven-tenths of 2,000 new persons a month are service and fellowship. One of the them had not only learned to now learning to read, and what most gratifying things was to see the read and write but read well to give them to read has become way the members of the class shoul- enough to take their turn in a nightmare to me. I stay dered the responsibility and worked. reading Scripture verses. awake half the night, and dream The class is going on to greater the other half about it. things. Their enthusiasm knows no A place called Kyung Hyung bounds. reports an increase in attend- I have before me the names ance of 130 because of the sum- of 1,158 men and women who Leader of a Beggar Band mer's work. Eighty-six were learned to read during the past baptized and ninety-eight agreed month. Of this number 250 The Salvation Army has for to read their Bible every day are women-no one can realize many years maintained a Home through the year. what this means who has not for Beggar Boys here in Seoul. been in Lanao. We taught as Some years ago, when the work The Swallen Bible Corre- many girls last month as have was first begun, the workers spondence Course continues to been in the public schools of picked up off the streets one cold enroll new students. There are Lanao since the schools were winter's night a little boy and now 4,487 people taking the opened. We now have the names took him into the Home. course and 1,126 graduates. A of 12,000 who have learned to number of Bible Institutes make read since we began this method. The boy was intelligent, be- this a part of the work required came the leader of the Beggar of each student. FRANK LAUBACH, Lanao, P. I. Boys' Band, and a first-class assistant about the place. Last ISLANDS OF THE SEA An Object Lesson in Fiji winter a letter came from a Korean woman in America ask- Centenary Celebrations in Fiji Sixty years ago we used to ing the Salvation Army to hear lurid tales of savagery and undertake to find her lost son. Just 100 years ago three murders and cannibalism in the She gave his name, stating also Tahitian teachers made the first Fiji Islands. Now a visitor can that he was a citizen of the organized attempt to evangelize see with his own eyes these peo- U. S. A. by birth in that coun- Fiji. In the opening service of ple and their descendants enjoytry. She said that she was now thanksgiving last July the key- ing the blessings of civilization able to pay his way to America note of the celebrations was and all of them nominally and care for him. The boy was struck in the song that rang out "Christian." the leader of the Band. Surely in the words, "Send the Light! God works in mysterious ways. Send the Light!" The Chair- It was a great surprise to Roscoe C. Coen–Presbyterian man of the Fiji District unveiled learn that in addition to Fiji Mission in Seattle. a stone tablet, "To the memory being now entirely civilized of J ecoro, Arue, and Atai, three ninety-three per cent of the The Korea Sunday Schools Christian Tahitian teachers who native Fijians can read and landed at Oneata on July 9, write. Mr. A. W. Macmillan, the The chief work of the summer Government Inspector of native was the 790 Summer Children's schools, introduced me to the Bible Schools, enrolling 4,160 teachers and 67,193 pupils. Many a romance in spiritual life

grandson of the last cannibal South, reports the year 1930-31 Morocco lying south of Agadir- king of Fiji-King Kakohau- as one of the best in its history. a region hitherto as much closed who ceded the Islands to Great The following are some of the to missionary enterprises as Britain in 1874. .Two large, definite achievements: Tibet.

pointed granite stones were A revival in the Congo has re- Versions in forty-six lan- shown me upon which King sulted in 300 conversions. Rites guages have been sold to pas- Kakobau and his predecessors, of baptism were administered to sengers on the ships at Port after raiding n e i g h b 0 r i n g Chiang Kai-Shek, ex-President Said.

islands and torturing their cap- of China. A new church costing A colporteur, entering a circus tives, would dash the brains of $20,000 was dedicated in Liege, in Austria, succeeded in selling their victims and then p.artake Belgium. A gift of $10,000 Gospels to J.apanese, Chinese of the cannibal feast. The last (Mexican) was given anony- and Arabic performers. Occa- murder was in 1867, when a mis- mously by a Chinese Christian sionally the colporteurs find sionary was killed and eaten. for promoting evangelism. The themselves in districts where If people who despise mission- Moore Memorial Church in payment is made in bananas, ary effort would go out and see Shanghai was completed at a fish, eggs, or roasted chestnuts.

for themselves the wonderful cost of $325,000 (Mexican), In Spain, where 136,900 copies transformation that has taken $50,000 being contributed by the of the Scriptures were displace in the Fiji Islands they Chinese. Autonomous churches tributed last year, the Revolu- would assuredly become active have been set up in Brazil, Mex- tion has given the Bible So- supporters of the Christian mis- ico and Korea. Kwansei Gakuin, ciety's agents greater freedom a school operated jointly by of action. sionary enterprise. If a few of our laymen, accom- Methodist, South, and United Russia is at present the only panied by members of their Church of Canada Boards, has considerable portion of the infamilies, could see these Islands been given full university status. habited world into which Bible and these people-descendants A church has been built for Ko- colporteurs cannot penetrate.

of former savage tribes-they reans in San Francisco, and The proximity of Communistic would be intensely interested three churches for Indians in Russia, however, seems to have and return home full of en- Oklahoma. More than 1,000 per- stimulated the sale of Bibles in thusiasm for the work of our sons were converted and a new Estonia, Latvia and Poland. missionaries who have changed church has been built at Kingsa savage cannibal race into a port, Tenn., an industrial center. NORTH AMERICA thoroughly civilized and God- World Wide Bible Distribution College Students and the Church fearing community. -J. C. M,eggitt in The British The British and Foreign Bible Statistics for the year 1929-30 Weekly. Society records the issue of four- show that 87 per cent of the stu- GENERAL teen new versions. The total dents at publicly controlled col- number of Bibles, New Testa- leges and universities belong to ments and portions of the Scrip- some church. According to a $2,500,000,000 a Year for Philanthropies tures distributed during the statement issued by Dr. William Money devoted to philan- past year was 11,888,226, of thropic purposes in the United which 7,604,625 copies were sold Lindsay Young, director of the States is $2,500,000,000 a year, by 1,130 colporteurs. Department of University Work, according to Dr. Arthur J. Todd, In South America thirty-nine Board of Christian Education, the Presbyterian constituency Professor of Sociology at the colporteurs sold 250,000 copies, represents the second largest re- Northwestern University. Dr. canvassing from house to house ligious group, composed of 35,- Todd says that philanthropy in the great cities. Forty per 541 members. This is a remarkstood eighth in the list of the ten cent of the Gospels circulated in great American industries in the Argentina were sold by a single able showing and answers the statements often made that our value of its total operations. colporteur at a Buenos Aires colleges are hotbeds of irreligion "Approximately one-half of railroad station. Another man and dissipation. .

this money goes for religious climbs far up the slopes of the The increase in the number of purposes; education receives 8 Andes to visit places within the students in colleges, however, per cent; health, 9.2 per cent; jungle zone. personal gifts to individuals. A colporteur with the pioneer- means that a whole section of 11.6 per cent, and foreign relief ing spirit worked among Tibe- membership of the home church has moved out from under the receives 9.7 per cent." The 380 tans for three months, crossing ministrations of the minister.

community chests raised about .over into the forbidden land in There are few people between $85,000,000 last year. the wake of shepherds and the ages of 18 and 22 in the same Triumphs for Methodists herdsmen. town as their home church. The Colporteurs have now been college student is geographically The Mission Board of the able for the first time to drive removed from Christian leader- Methodist Episcopal Church, an automobile into the region of ship. As an agency for keeping

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

in touch with students, the home Home Missions Under Difficulties from 1910 to 1920 however, the church has broken down. For Protestant gain was 53% slower the greater part of the year, ex- Claton S. Rice of Montana than the gain in population. cept in rare instances, the min- writes: "It was sixteen below ister is out of touch with them. that morning, and by evening In 1920 Catholics numbered the wind was blowing and an- 1,883 more than the Protestants, A City Mission Centennial other blizzard in progress. A Russo-German drove me fifteen but in 1930 Protestants gained One hundred years ago, the miles to a country church where the lead by 218,219. That census story of a new venture of the I had the privilege of addressing showed a Catholic gain of 21 % Church in the interest of the about 100 people, most of them to 2,362,805; an Eastern Ortho- "plain people and the poor" was young folks. To think that they dox gain of 21 % to 111,096; a presented in the Episcopal pul- had come out on such a night to Jewish gain of 14% to 1,875,521 pits of New York City. This attend a church service! It was and a Protestant gain of 32% to venture was christened "The good to see their eyes glisten New York Protestant Episcopal when I used their language. I 2,581,024. During the same City Mission Society." was entertained at a Russo-Ger- period of ten years the popula- tion of New York City increased 23%_ Its purpose was to take the man home built on a bleak hill- Better Race Relations church's ministry to Episcopa- side with no trees about it. As lians and others not being no wheat was raised this year Steps have been taken in Milreached by the regular parish great stacks of Russian thistles waukee, Wisconsin, to improve were the only roughage in sight. race relations between the white churches" such as "families of Imagine my surprise to find that people and the 12,000 colored poorer mechanics, merchants' the house was furnace-heated citizens by organizing a race reclerks, journeymen, apprentices, from coal mined right on the domestics, and others unable to place. They had electric lights lations council. Several small pay for sit tin g s, besides as well from their own plant, groups have been functioning ins t ran g e r s, immigrants, etc." not only in the house, but in the barn. This farmer says that terracially and the new council There h ave been added there will be good years again, is made up primarily of the through the years such auxiliary and he is not unduly discour- chairmen of such groups, with efforts as the famous shelter, St. aged. The wonderful snowfall representatives of many civic, Barnabas' House, neighborhood of the last week in November social and religious bodies. The and settlement work at God's gives promise of better agricul- Providence House, fresh air and tural conditions next year." executive board will include repconvalescent work at Rethmore resentatives of various civic, Home and Schermerhorn House. -The Congregationalist. Jewish, Catholic and Protestant organizations of the city. Today that infant-organiza- A Million in Men's Bible Classes tion, born in 1831 with one mis- The council proposes to study sionary and a budget of $1,000, Six thousand classes, with a is closing its one hundredth year total membership of approxi- the local situation of other dark mately 1,000,000 men, are now races represented in the citywith a staff of more than 175 affiliated with the National Fed- American Indians, Mexicans, workers and a yearly expendi- eration of Men's Bible classes ture of over $325,000. which held its eighth annual Chinese and others. The local convention in Canton, Ohio, re- press, it is reported, is giving -Elizabeth B. Canaday in The Chu1·chman. strong backing to the movement toward the establishment of in- terracial understanding and good will in Milwaukee.

The Presbyterians Retrench cently. LATIN AMERICA The Presbyterian General· Church Members in New York Religious Limitations in Mexico Council recommended $10,000,- 000 as the basic benevolence Protestant church members in The Mexican Government has budget for the year 1932-33, to New York City are more nu- recently enforced the decree perbe apportioned as follows: merous than Roman Catholics. mitting only one priest or pastor After their loss ten years ago of of anyone religious sect to National Missions ……. $ 3,059,500 Foreign Missions…….. 2,370,750 the prestige of numbers, figures every 50,000 people in Mexico on religious affiliation of the City or Lower California. No Christian Education ….. 1,239,750 6,930,446 citizens of New York clergyman is permitted to of- Pensions ……………. 507,500 have been made public by Dr. Walter Laidlaw, executive secre- ficiate in more than one church. American Bible Society… 58,000 This has caused the closing of Fed. C.ouncil of Churches. 14,500 Total …………….. $ 7,250,000 tary of the Cities Census Com- many Roman Catholic churches. Woman's National mittee of the United States There are now 400 priests and Census Bureau. During the ten 200 Roman Catholic churches in Missions '" $1,375,000 years from 1920 to 1930 Protest- Mexico City alone. The new Woman's Foreign ant adherents gained in num- law will permit only 24 priests bers 39% faster than the gain and 24 churches in the Federal Missions '" 1,375,000 2,750,000 Total …………. $10,000,000 in population. During the period District. The Vera Cruz limit

is one priest per 100,000 of the Linguistically, they are divided, whole villages became Christian, the Kanella and Gaviao speaking and some of the more intelligent population. A motion urging all priests what is perhaps one of the hard- members of the community beand lay Catholics to wage a cam- est indigenous languages in came effective preachers of the paign against the Young Men's South America-the "Ge"- Gospel.

C h r i s t ian Association, the while the Guajajara Indians -The Christian. Young Women's Christian Asso- speak the more familiar tongue ciation and similar organiza- known as "Tupi." EUROPE tions brought to Mexico from the A mission of the Roman Cath- Moravian Missions United States was passed by the National Guadalupe Catholic olic Church worked at one time The Moravians have been from Congress in Mexico City where among the Guajajara tribe, but the first a distinctly missionary the congress was in session in body. The Hon. Robert Gawconnection with the celebration its activities terminated a few thorne-Hardy writes in Blackof the four hundredth anniver- years ago, when the Indians re- wood's Magazine: "Moravian sary of the traditional appear- volted against certain policies of missionaries have been in Labance of the Virgin of Guadalupe. the mission, and in one night rador since the eighteenth cen- The motion accused the societies tury, and it is their endeavors named of injecting an anti-na- murdered five nuns and seven alone which have preserved the tionalist spirit into the country priests. We found hardly any Eskimo and have turned a thievand encouraging undress athlet- ing, treacherous race into a peoic parades in public. trace of the former so-called ple of unbelievable gentleness Christian teaching. In one year, and honesty." This is only one Religion in Salvador by the blessing of God, one vil- part of their far-flung field of lage has been practically freed effort. As the London Times The National Assembly voted of drink to the consternation of says: "The fine work of the recently to prohibit the incoming Moravian missionaries is known of all priests and ministers of the unscrupulous drink traffick- from Greenland to the Himareligions. This was motivated in ers, who, today, receive little re- turn from their former victims.

Similar moral transformations seem to be accompanying the preaching of the Gospel in most part by the fear that the possi- of the villages where our mes- layas." ble expulsion of the religious or- sage has been delivered and un- This year the Moravian Church ders from Spain would mean an derstood. -L. E. Harris. will celebrate the 200th anniver- sary of its foreign missionary influx of foreign clergy into the A Land of Mystery enterprise. A booklet by Rev. country. The president, how- Forty years ago the vast re- John Greenfield, Moravian evanever, refused to sign the bill. In the capital city of Salvador gion in the heart of South Amer- gelist of Warsaw, Indiana, enthe Baptists have just finished a ica, known as the Gran Chaco, titled "Power From on High," $46,000 primary school building was a land of mystery, its tells the story of the Moravian which is both modern and beau- wastes unexplored, its peoples revival which resulted in the tiful. At Santa Ana a high unrecognized. Single – handed, conversion of John and Charles school building costing $60,000 Barbrooke Grubb, the brave pio- Wesley and the beginning of was dedicated in January. neer, penetrated the interior and Methodism. settled among its inhabitants. The first Moravian missiona- Difficult Situation in Chile Gradually, as he and his com- ries were sent out in the year Business is very bad in Chile. panions opened up the country, 1732, and began work in the Many are out of work and thou- savages became useful citizens. West Indies, which has become sands are gathered in big ware- Nomads were weaned from rov- one of the church's largest fields. houses where they are fed by the ing ways and persuaded to adopt When Carey sent out his mis- government. Many are in a dis- settled habits. Children were sionary challenge in 1792, the tressing condition. The Presby- educated. Young men were Moravians had already sent terian Mission School at Valpa- taught various handicrafts, and three hundred missionaries to raiso is endeavoring to do some- instructed in all branches of cat- work in North and South Amerthing to help them. Most of tle-ranching. Girls were trained ica, the West Indies, Greenland these people work in mines in farm duties as well as in do- and Labrador. The Moravians which are nearly all closed. As mestic service. Social life im- were the first to send missiona- Chile depends so much on the in- proved. Infanticide declined. ries to the Jews, and the first to come from salitre, a difficult sit- S epa rat e houses displaced work among lepers (South Afri- uation has been created. groups of filthy shelters. Agri- ca,1818).

Indians of Amazonia culture was encouraged, and the There are over three hundred keeping of sheep and goats, stations, yet the annual expendi- There are more than two horses and cattle was inculcated. ture amounts to but little over thous~nd natives in the region One by one the men and women £100,000; of this, less than half of Barra do Corda. They belong shook off the shackles of witch- is raised at home, the greater to three tribes, known as the craft and submitted themselves proportion being the contribu- Gaviao, Kanella and Guajajara. to Christ. In course of time, tion of the mission fields.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

A Gypsy Church We are pressing our churches to sional but as one of themselves and it makes a great difference. We have Dr. Rushbrooke, of the Bap- learn the joy of giving to the Lord. already sympathizers in Cracow and tist World Alliance, describes Vilna and may be able to organize the recent dedication of the Bap- But this year these people are suffer- branches there. Our meetings are very tist church building in the gypsy helpful not only to the Jews but also village of Golenzi, Bulgaria. A ing under problems of unemployment to the Gentiles who are drawn closer stolen New Testament led, some to Christ. In the heat of discussion years back, to the formation of and failure in business. Unlike the they have to define their own posia gypsy church in this village. tion towards Christianity and they It has hitherto met in cottage rest of the world, most of our com- learn to look up to Christ for support. rooms which have proved inadequate. Now gifts from the Ger- munities have a background of de- Bank Directors Open With man Baptists of America have Prayer made it possible to secure a portation and worldly losses, from church. The gypsies themselves The small Protestant group of have taken a large share in the which they have had no chance yet to which Rev. J. S. Porter, Prague, undertaking, including the man- Czechoslovakia, is the shepherd ufacture of 32,000 bricks. The recover. Out of their poverty they has started a bank in that city. Sunday of the dedication was a The meetings of the directors historic occasion in the village have done wonders, and three evan- are always opened with prayer. and the semi-barbaric finery of The government inspector was the gypsies provided abundant gelical churches are already entirely present officially at one such material for photographers at- meeting. Afterwards he ex- self-supporting. pressed himself as surprised and tracted by a unique event. The pleased with such a start. All Sunday School gathering and The Executive Committee of the of the net income of the bank is the distribution of a small hymn used in the interests of church book-the first in the gypsy lan- Greek Evangelical Synod finds itself and benevolent work. There are guage-and of the gypsy Gospel but two paid clerks-the remainof Matthew were special fea- with a deficit of 143,000.00 drachmae der of the officials give their tures. The response of gypsies services. in Golenzi to the presentation of (or, the equivalent of $1,857.00); and, the Gospel message is remark- Russian Activity able and significant, but this they are faced With the necessity of The following items are taken race is scarcely yet touched. from the Allgemeine Evangel- They represent an opportunity, cutting off the salary of nearly half isches Lutherischen Kirchena problem and a challenge. In zeitung, which is in a position to Bulgaria alone there are 150,- the preachers and two Bible women. obtain certain facts: 000, nominally Orthodox or Mo- The Russian authorities have hammedan, but practically with- All the ministers, with one accord, de- been making great efforts to spread communistic teachings out any idea of God. clared they could not give up their among the German population, -The Watchman Examiner. which is found notably in the work, but were willing to live on half, Volga region. A communistic A Stirring Appeal from Greece paper, N euland, published in or no pay, and to try to earn their German, brings the complaint Evangelical work in Greece that notwithstanding the greatwas started eighty years ago, living in oonththeerirwcaoynsg,resgtaitlilonkse.*eping est efforts it has not been able to their hold raise its circulation to 5,000. amidst terrific opposition and In consequence of the uninterpersecutions, and has been main- After a thorough examination rupted workday week, many tained under heavy sacrifices of the situation, six workers of church services have had to be both on the part of the Greek congregations that are able to transferred to the evening evangelicals and by the help both maintain their work, unani- hours. Attempt is being made of British and American mis- mously agreed to offer 10% of to prevent such services on the their meagre salaries into the ground that the electric cursionary societies. general fund, to aid in the sup- rent should be refused churches The Greek Evangelical Synod port of their brethren, and the and prayer houses, since 100 other eight workers accepted has sent out a stirring appeal for churches consume as much help in this time of financial dis- the conclusion that they should power as a large factory. tress. They say: confine themselves to the $5 or $10 a month their starving con- The question of the child and These are days of unusual opportu- gregations can give them until the school in the Soviet Union is nities in Greece. The fields are white outside help comes. This all entering on a new phase. A unto the harvest and we are praying means that the workers and child attaining the age of fourthe Lord of the harvest to send forth their families are facing starva- teen years may join the Union more laborers. To help each work- tion. About $1500 a year would of the Godless. Parents who er to have the strongest influence would hinder this are deprived among men, and also to free his mind save the situation. from financial anxiety there should be funds to cover expenses. • ,Contributions may be sent to Rev. P. G. Longinides, 50 Amalias Ave., Athens, Greece.

Christian-Jewish Students in Warsaw Dr. Prentky of the Warsaw Station of London Church Mis- sion to the Jews writes: The Society for the Approach of Jews and Gentiles is passing from its babyhood into vigorous youth. We have come into touch with several groups of students of different politi- cal and religious opinions: we have gathered around us Roman Catho- lics, Protestants, Greek-Orthodox and Jews, the last representing Zionism and Assimilation, 0 r tho d 0 x y and Liberalism. We have drawn up our status and presented it to the Gov- ernment for legalization and we are assured that the Government regards our activities with sympathy.

The number of students attending our weekly meetings grows steadily. We have endless opportunities of dis- cussing religion and Christ. One meets there young people not as a profes-

of their work and their children AFRICA use plumbago to prevent inflam- mation in a wound and the are taken away. From the age A Closed Land stitch.

of eight years on children may The bark of the root of the red dagga plant is one of the native be entered in junior groups of One of the least known of cures for snake-bite. Europeans the ungodly. Moslem areas is the Spanish value it even more than natives Colony of Rio de Oro with its for this purpose, who also make In anti-religious effort these protectorate. Although the pop- a tincture from its flowers for Soviet schools have accomplished ulation is small, it is practically coughs, chest complaints, and all Mohammedan. A French nervous headaches. much. At the same time in all traveler reports in The Geoother lines they have been woe- graphical Journal his attempt But the plant's greatest value to penetrate this area: is when it is used with an herb fully inefficient. The Soviet which is called ubuhlungu besigschool gives only a fraction of One of the most inaccessible tracts cawu (by itself another snakewhat the public schools in other in the whole of Africa at the present bite remedy). The combination countries offer their pupils. day is the country known as the Rio is used as an antidote to blood- poisoning, and some remarkable At present Pravda is agitat- cures are recorded even where the patients have seemed to be ing for an accurate registration in extremis. The herb is strongly antiseptic, and a paste from its of all the children of school age, de Oro, south of the Wed Dra on the leaves relieves toothache. with the view of enforcing a sys- southern frontier of Morocco. It is inhabited by fanatical tribes and ex- -South African Outlook. tem of compulsory education. posed to the raids of brigands. Last In the Sudan Open Doors in Italy year a young Frenchman, Michel Vieuchange, set himself the task of Archdeacon Archibald Shaw The Spezia Mission has never pushing south of the Dra to the mys- went to the Southern Sudan in terious town of Smara, built last cen- 1905, to work under the C. M. S. faced a winter's work with among primitive tribes, with greater opportunities than at tury in the midst of the desert by the funds contributed in memory of rebel Marabut Ma el Ainin. He un- General Gordon. He believes present. Conditions make for dertook the journey with the minimum that Christianity can best be larger liberty in missionary op- of equipment, aided only by a small spread by education. He says: erations, and God is speaking to party of natives, the fidelity of some Our two and a half million people of whom was open to grave suspicion. are scattered over a vast area. It men's hearts and granting a real He disguised himself as an Arab is not much good to preach to them under a palm tree for a day or two, revival. Many who this year woman-there were two women also and then not to revisit the spot for a have taken their stand for Christ in the party-and so reached the fron- year or more. If we can influence our boys and girls in the schools they are giving, by lip and life, a tes- tier post of Tigilit, where he under- make much better missionaries to went wearisome delay, lying hid in a their own people, especially as they timony that is stirring all those are going back and multiplying the about them. native room too low for him to stand little bush schools. In one or two up in, while his guide bargained for areas, as a result, there have arisen Some students of a govern- "mass movements" on a small scale, ment departmental college, live- the necessary camels. Smara was de- and in these areas the natives are serted, though native encampments clamoring for baptism and teachers. We find that in the boarding schools ly, riotous young feIlows, heard were seen .on the plain, and M. Vieu- nearly 90 per cent of the boys come of our Protestant meetings and to us for baptism before they leave. change made a hurried inspection be- . We are planning for the coming came with the idea of creating a fore starting back. The traveller winter to put a mission station disturbance. But the Lord met amongst the Nuers, probably the wild- reached Tiznit, in Southern Morocco, est people of Africa today, who have completely worn out, was taken by constantly and recently defied the Government. It is hoped that the them, and it is a thrilling story aeroplane to Mogador, where a fort- present policy of "pacification" may night later he died at the military be aided by the establishment of misof modern miracles to hear how hospital. sion schools. He showed them their sinfulness The British Government is subsidizand brought them to a knowl- African Medicines ing the missionary education already edge of Jesus. They have pub- begun. We have our bush schools licly confessed their Lord in bap- A number of the herbs used which give what is called a "subtism in crowded gatherings, at by the African witch doctors grade" education. There are now also which were present many of have been found to have a defi- one C.M.S. and two Roman Catholic their college companions. The nite medicinal value. The roots "Intermediate" schools in which the whole college is stirred. Some of a plant known as the wild whole of the teaching is in English. are feeling it their duty to write sweet potato were used to expel to their parents and relations in the devils from a person supother parts of Italy to tell them posed to be bewitched. The plant what has happened, and so the is both poisonous and dangerous. Umlanjeni, the evil genius of fire is spreading. Nearly five hundred children the Chief SandHi in the Kafir are thronging our Bible day War of 1850, persuaded the Afschools, and we have been com- ricans that the purple and white pelled to close our doors to more roots of one of the pelargoniums for sheer lack of space. would ward off the white man's Our central aim is to preach .bullets. This pelargonium is still the Gospel and to bring the good called by them ikubalo lika Um- news of salvation to those in ig- lanjeni (Umlanjeni's charm).

norance and superstition. He also gave them pieces of -Rev. H. H. Pullen in The the plumbago shrub to chew for Christian. the same purpose. Today they

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

In these the boys are mainly trained The Blind in Egypt Ovambo and Bushmen. There as schoolmasters and clerks, and are are among these at least 77,000 prepared for further training as med- The Church Missionary Soci- human beings to whom evangel- ical assistants. ety has received from Gindi Ef- ists must be sent. fendi Ibrahim, himself blind, an Double Shift Christians account of the efforts to help the Famine in Zululand blind of Egypt, who number half This name is given to an in- a million. Since 1923 Gindi Ef- The Rev. John Hawkins of fendi has been in charge of this Somkele, Zululand, South Africreasing number of Sunday work. In 1925 he opened a ca, writes: "This district has school officers and teachers in school near al Azhar Univer- been proclaimed by the govern- sity, the great centre of Moslem ment 'a famine-stricken area.' Johannesburg, South Africa, learning. Not only did he teach Nearly all the rivers and water who, in addition to working in. the sheikhs who came to him to holes were dried up; no grass, read the Bible in Braille, but no planting, no money, lack of their own white Sunday school als(l taught them some handi- employment, and cattle too thin craft to enable them to gain a to be accepted as barter. It is in the afternoon, conduct Sun- living. Many of these sheikhs reported that 1,000 head of catday schools in the morning for afterwards came to ask ques- tle are dying daily in Zululand. the black children. These native tions relating to Christianity. Ours also, including donkeys, schools are promoted by the have been dying daily, so that Rhenish Mission Growth we were unable to raise a team Witwatersrand Methodist Na- of either to fetch a load from the tive Mission. The children are The Rhenish Mission reports railway station. It is reported the first generation of complete- that the number of members in that the government is sending the Naama and Herero country in maize at twelve shillings a ly town-dwelling natives, and has grown to 52,644 during the sack of 200 lbs., the price here past year, an increase of 3,143. today being seventeen shillings. the whole European church must Besides this, at the end of the The outlook is serious for us and year there were 2,542 persons for the people; and yet our wabe mobilized to meet this intense more being instructed. The ter tank is full and overflowmg, number of pupils also has in- while most springs are dried situation. Few natives have creased. The report states espe- up." either the knowledge or the gifts cially that all these increases which qualify them to teach chil- have come "in spite of the stress -The Christian. of the times." dren. At present this mission "Mothering" 250 Malagasy Boys Instruction is being given to has 27 Sunday schools with 2,445 children on farms by mi- Pastor Hallanger of the Nor- gratory evangelists. This is an wegian Lutheran Church of 2,174 scholars and 105 teachers, institution of great service in America has recently assumed this mission. The people are full responsibility for the erec- 57 of the latter being European seeing the advantages of educa- tion of the boys' school in Manand 48 native. tion and say that a child that antantely, Madagascar, and finds grows up wild-"like a jackal in that the task "piles up before me The movement grew out of a the field"-has no prospects for a great deal more work than I business man's query about advancement. can do properly." Among the what could be done to meet the things which he is compelled to situation. In many instances In an area as large as the oversee are the health of the native schools were adopted by state of Texas there are 30,352 boys, the cleanliness of the build- European schools in the same whites, of whom 12,352 live in ing, the teaching, the discipline, area and staffed by those who communities and the larger the spiritual life of the school, taught black children in the number on farms. There exists and even matters of clothing. morning and white children in a police zone. Outside of this This with a total enrollment of the afternoon. By an adapta- zone there are 117,000 Ovambos about 250 boys, 190 of whom are tion of mining phraseology, who migrate to find work, and boarding pupils, is no small task. these have been described as more than a hundred thousand "double shift Christians." The among whom no mission society "The boys themselves teach difficulty of language was solved does any work at all. In the case each other the intricacies of the by placing the native day school of the migratory children, it is sewing machine and tailoring. staff, many of whom enlisted, in felt that migrating evangelists The boys are at present busy charge of the smaller children would do the most effectiv~ sewing their suits of clothes. In who had not as yet acquired a work. In the police zone in the the normal school they get about working use of the English lan- Southwest there are 102,392 na- five meters of unbleached cotton guage. tives, composed of Hottentots, cloth-about enough for a coat Hereros, Hilldamas, Bastards, and a pair of trousers. These Every Sunday morning native townships and locations are invaded by all sorts of consecrated vehicles which discharge at the door of all sorts of edifices their loads of European workers. There has grown up among these people a delightful comradeship. The staff of one school includes a hospital sister, a lady journalist and a minister's wife.

they sew themselves without any question was raised about him. A Rival Congress help. It is surprising how well The problem centered around At the call of the Mayor of they get the suits to fit; it seems Jerusalem an opposition conthat there is a tradition handed the three Persian Christian gress of more than 1,000 deledown from generation to gene- boys. gates met in the King David ration as in the days of the Hotel as the general Moslem guilds. The school has two sew- "According to the examina- Conference was closing. This ing machines, which are at pres- opposition congress passed the ent running every minute that tion manual the examination in following resolutions: the boys are free. It is interest- the Koran and Shariat (Persian ing to watch new boys being To neg.otiate with the Moslem couninitiated into the mysteries of religious law) is only for Mo- tries to hold another general Moslem running a sewing machine and hammedans. What a Moham- congress independent of any Moslem kingdom. medan is is not defined. The three boys applied for entrance to the examinations and claimed exemption from the Koran and making a pair of pants that Shariat examinations inasmuch To safeguard Moslem holy places in won't split when they sit down. In the primary school, too, many as they were Christians. To Palestine and to restore to their orig- this, however, they received the inal sacred uses the shrines which prefer to take cloth instead of a reply, 'The department cannot the Mufti allegedly c.onverted to other purposes.

shirt and make something a lit- know Rezas and Hoseins and Ali To ask the Palestine Government tle more stylish than the 'dress' style shirt furnished by the Akbars as Christians for their to carry out the demands of the Pal- names are Moslem.' We were estine Arab delegation to London for school. I like to believe that told to correct the 'error' by the independence of this country and these boys will be able to furnish writing that we had made a mis- its protection from Zionist danger.

themselves wit h well-sewed. take and that they were not The School at Kermanshah Christian at all." The Industrial Farm School clothes when they get out."

WESTERN ASIA Moslem, Congress in Jerusalem and Orphanage at Kermanshah, Persia, will be self-supporting Arabic Bible for the Blind A Yiddish paper, The Day when it has added $5,000 more (December 14) says that the to its equipment. After five years' labor the Na- Zionist Movement and the Engtional Institute for the Blind lish Government were attacked A tract of over a thousand has completed the first edition of in the sharpest language at the acres of land with two large the Bible in Arabic Braille. The Mohammedan Congress, called work has been carried out under by the Grand Mufti of Palestine. plains of arable land and valleys the British and Foreign Bible having grazing for hundreds of Society, who will distribute the At the discussion concerning book to blind readers in Arabia, Mohammedan holy places and sheep and cattle has been se- Palestine, Egypt, and North the Wailing Wall, Said Bey Sa- Africa generally. The Arabic bet, delegate of Irak, said the cured. The children work on the edition occupies thirty-two vol- following: "If the Jews will farm. They are also trained in umes, as compared with the sev- keep on with their activities in carpentry, blacksmithing, maenty-four volumes of the Na- Palestine, we shall be forced to sonry, tin-smithing, b roo mtional Institute's Bible in Eng- treat them in a way which is making, s pin n i n g, weaving, lish Braille, but the size of the well known to them. We shall housekeeping, according as they volumes is larger and about allow the Jew only to sit in their double their thickness. To obvi- houses." are boys or girls. For spinning, ate language and other difficul- a wheel made in England, simple ties, an English lady living in The Congress adopted the fol- Jerusalem first transcribed in lowing resolutions: and easily reproduced, is being manuscript the whole Bible into Arabic Braille, and it was from 1. To establish a corporation of used; for weaving, the automatic her copy that the Institute's five million dollars for constructive hand-loom made by the Salvastaff worked on the metal plates purposes in Palestine, to counteract from which the book sheets the activities of Zionism. tion Army in India. Rotation of were printed. crops, proper fertilization, de- 2. To reject the findings of the What Is a Mohammedan? League of Nations with regard to struction of insect pests, refor- the Wailing Wall. estation of hills, elements of dry- farming are guiding principles 3. To protest to the League of Na- in the orphanage farm manage- tions the establishment of a Jewish National Horne in Palestine. ment. The human material which 4. Mohammedans must boycott J ew- ish products manufactured in Pales- comes to the school is pitiable enough. Good food, open-air life, R. L. Steiner, of Persia, tine. and Christian teaching trans- form them. In most cases weeks and sometimes months went by writes: "This year was the first 5. To make propaganda through- before smiles and laughter be- out the world for the independence of time that Christian boys from the Palestinian Mohammedans. came a habit. Some have become very capable so that unexpected the school had been sent up for 6. To make known to the whole the government examinations. Mohammedan world that Zionism is a obstacles and new situations One is an Armenian and so no catastrophe for Palestine. neither baffle nor confuse them.

-Sunday School Times.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Advance in Afghanistan experience to enable them to co- sincerely and fervently pray to operate with the missionaries in the Almighty through the med- Afghanistan is reported to be carrying on their work. Rev. ium of Lord Jesus Christ bemaking progress in moderniza- R. Buell Love, a missionary, loved Prophet of the Almightytion. At the recent celebration writes: (on whom be peace)-for the of the anniversary of Afghanis- recovery of their patients. This tan's independence, King Nadir "The men are organized into is the reason that their medi- Shah stressed the need of im- parties. On Saturdays and Sun- cines are efficacious and all their mediate internal improvement, days they go out to the village undertakings are crowned with and told of plans already under within a radius of five or six success. The entire staff of this way for a hospital, for "the en- miles of Saharanpur and preach hospital, from the highest to the couragement of local industries, to groups. lowest, are with one accord the and the attainment of internal followers of the religion and security." Current History re- "I am thinking of organizing creed of the holy prophet Lord ports a school of Arabian sci- an evangelical team of four of Jesus Christ- (on whom be ences opened for Moslem learned the best men the seminary has. peace)-Lord Jesus Christ was men; the institution of a Council The object of the team will be to an exalted and beloved prophet of Ulema, or learned men, to be go with me into distant villages of the Almighty in olden times, elected by the people; and the and to stay for two or three days of whom mention has been creation of a new system of at a time for intensive preach- made by the Almighty in the courts. There are at present not ing. The team will have one holy Koran. May God keep thee over 70 Europeans in the coun- good preacher, one musician, one prosperous in the world." try, principally in Kabul. The good athlete, and the other man present king is apparently avoid- will be assigned to some partic- (Signed) "Hashmat Ali." ing the mistakes of his predeces- ular duty. These evangelical sor, Aman-Allah, by honoring teams have been very successful The Burma Gospel Team the followers of Islam. The mes- in one or two other places, but sengers of Christ are still ex- this will be the first to be organ- The Rev. V. W. Dyer, of cluded. ized in our mission area." Burma, recently sent the follow- ing cablegram to the Baptist INDIA, BURMA, CEYLON Testimony from a Moslem Board: Religious Liberty The tribute of a Moslem pa- "Stanley Jones and Hodge, of tient to the work of a mission National Christian Council, call The Working Committee of hospital in India is given to the Burma Gospel Team three the India National Congress Chr()nicle of the London Mis- months South and West India. passed a resolution guaranteeing sionary Society by R. J. Ashton. Notify constituency. Ask special to minority communities the The composition was written in daily prayer for us and All-India "protection of their culture, lan- Hindustani, in flowing Persian revival." We are confident that guage, scripts, education, profes- script; appended was a transla- our people everywhere will pray sion and practice of religion and tion into English made by an- earnestly that God's blessing religious endowments." The other patient, from which quo- may be on Mr. Dyer and his Catholic Leader (M a d r a s) tations are made. He says: Gospel Team as they go forth raised the question whether the on their larger mission. elementary right to "convert "It is related that Lord Jesus was implied in the Congress con- Christ-(on whom be peace)- Methodist Diamond Jubilee ception of religious liberty." is still alive and that towards the end of the world, when Imam Seventy-five years ago, the Mr. George Joseph informed Mahdi-(on whom be peace)- Rev. William Butler, the first the Leader "that the freedom to will make his appearance, he missionary of the Methodist convert was deliberately omitted (Lord Jesus) will once more Episcopal Church, arrived in from the text of the Congress descend to the earth. Bareilly to begin Christian servresolution," though he had sug- ice to India. On December 7, gested that the resolution be "Is it any wonder then that 1856, the Rev. William Butler amended to include the words, there is such marvellous efficacy began that eventful period. "including the right of conver- in the medicines dealt out by sion." The proposed amendment men who are followers of such Dr. Butler and his wife had was rejected. In view of recent an exalted and beloved Prophet scarcely reached Bareilly (Dediscussions with and utterances of the Almighty, called Ruh Allah cember 7, 1856) and established of Mr. Gandhi this action is sig- (Spirit of God), reinforced as their home when the Sepoy Renificant. those medicines are by the bless- bellion broke loose. They and all ings of the Lord. There is a other whites were forced to flee IndUuns Co-operate special peculiarity in this hos- for their lives, finding refuge for pital which is not to be found weeks at Naini Tal. Dr. But- Students of the North India in other hospitals, and it is this, ler's library and goods at Bareil- United Theological College at that every day, before commenc- ly were destroyed, but when the Saharanpur are given practical ing work the entire staff, high rebellion was over he re-estab- and low, assemble together and lished the mission at Lucknow

and Bareilly, beginning with a were in the audience that every much more does his religion class of seven members in May, seat was occupied, and scores sat mean bread of life to feed his 1857. on the floor. They attend Bible soul. Since he became a Chris- classes with enthusiasm, conduct tian, he has brought with him to In 1860-four years after the their own discussion groups, and Sunday services one after anarrival in India of Dr. William are keenly interested in all ques- other of his employees, till Butler-there were only sixty- tions relating to the Bible." finally, he had the pleasure of seven members of the Methodist seeing five of them confess Episcopal Church in the land. A Young Woman's Service Christ and receive baptism at In 1875 there were 2,148 mem- one service. At his invitation bers; in 1887, 4,018 members; Evangelistic work in Hydera- the little group of workers goes by 1898, the number had grown bad, South India, is progressing. to this factory twice a month to 78,000; by 1905, to 110,000. "Since the beginning of the to hold services." Today the total membership of year," writes Charles Rutherthe Methodist Episcopal Church ford of Jangaon, "we have bap- Seed Sowing in Siam and Malaya in India is estimated at 350,000 tized more than 100 converts in persons, the largest Methodist this field. Two new villages have The Chinese Church in Bangmembership in any major divi- been opened, to one of which a kok has undertaken the responsision of the foreign mission field. young woman from our Bible bility for the extensive distribu- Training School in Nellore was tion of the Scriptures. The Task Not Finished assigned. She has a small school, workers regularly meet incom- which is being attended by chil- ing and outgoing steamers. The following paragraph is dren from the caste village, Canal and river boats, as well as quoted from a recent book pub- though her school is held in the business districts, have their dislished in Germany and dealing outcaste section. Recently twelve tribution. One energetic book with missions in India: people were baptized, mainly as dealer offers Bible portions to a result of the faithful and un- every customer, and his supply All the Protestant churches and tiring service of this young wom- needs constant refilling. Immigroups, .from the Anglicans to the Sal- an. The whole attitude and ap- grants, 500 to 2,000 each week, vation Army, are carrying on mis- pearance of the people have im- are visited by the colporteurs sions today in India, side by side with proved since the coming of Mar- during their one or two days' the Church of Rome. The outward tha. Other villages are clamor- detention for examination and success of this missionary work has, ing for teachers." registration at department headwe must admit, been small. Out of quarters. A rare opportunity the 320 millions of India, five mil- – Watchman-Examiner. for far-reaching results is in lions today are professing Christians. placing Scriptures in the. hands It is true that within the past thirty A Slogan for Burma of the 300 to 700 returning to years missions have made important China each week. numerical progress. Between 1901 Objections were raised at the and 1921 the figures of the baptized annual meeting of the Burma Gospel Preaching Prohibited rose rapidly from 2,660,000 to 4,750,- Christian Council against the 000. But these figures are deceptive. title adopted for the campaign: Straits Settlement is an aggre- The increase relates f,or the most part "Burma for Christ Movement." gation of diverse races, with to initial success in newly opened When this was first published Chi n e s e predominating. Misareas, while in the old mission fields some vernacular papers saw in it sionary work may be carried on a static condition has set in, which it an unfriendly mil ita n t cam- among all except the children of is often impossible to alter even by paign. Some felt that it was the land-the Malays. The nathe most intensive recruiting efforts. placed in juxta-position to the tives of the Straits Settlements In Ceylon there are exactly as many motto: "Burma for the Bur- and Federated Malay States are Christians today as there were 200 mans." However, the Council Mohammedans, and the British years ago. Even if numerical prog- felt that it is the spirit rather rules have agreed with the naress were to continue at the same than the name that will deter- tive rulers that the people shall pace as in the last thirty years, three mine the attitude of non-Chris- be protected from interference thousand years .of missionary work tians and it seemed best to re- with their faith. It is said that would be required in order to make tain it. only the Sultan and his house India a Christian land. are actually named, but in the SIAM-MALAYSIA outworking of the plan it has -Evangelical Christian. been found impracticable to es- A Siamese Christian tablish Christian work among Girl's Interest in Religion the people. "In this community," writes a Miss Ruth Cowdrey, who has Presbyterian missionary from A joint study of the situation had access to the students in col- Bangkok, "lives a Christian man should render possible an apleges and universities, serving -head man of one of the largest proach to governing powers with for ten years as general secre- establishments. He has taken a view to a relaxation of present tary of the Young Women's his Christianity as seriously as prohibitions. Christian Association in Mad- he takes his work. If his weavras, says: "The girls of India ing means rice to feed his body, are easy to approach on the subject of religion. They know no prejudices. A religious meeting invariably attracts great num~ bers. When Stanley Jones gave lectures in Madras so many girls

WORTH

Any boo~s mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-'The Review The Forest Hos}}ital at Lambarene. my readers far too much of the It was well to link up these be- By Albert Schweitzer. Translated by C. T. Campion, M. A. 191 pp. prose of Africa, but whatever ginnings with one great heroic $2.00. Holt & Co. New York. 1931. one gets drowned in fills the figure in the person of John The name of Albert Schweitz- mouth. Our life is so filled with Mason Peck. Here is a perfect er, famous as a great theologian this prose that I cannot but write type of home missionary; a fronand as interpreter of Bach, is at present before the public as a about it. Anyone who wants to tiersman who possesses the abil- Christian physician in West Equatorial Africa. do good under our African con- ity of adjusting himself to cir- Twenty-five years ago he ditions must fight any tendency cumstances as they pre sen t wrote "The Quest of the Histor- in himself to let his nerves and themselves; an organizer of Sunical Jesus," a book that aroused considerable criticism. Today he temper be upset by all the big day Schools, c h u r c h e s and a follows in the footsteps of his Master in lowly and heroic serv- and little difficulties of daily life, school of higher learning; indeice. "Through the spirit of Jesus I became conscious that a man and must retain his full joy in fatigable in labor, travel and can be called to a place without knowing exactly just why he has his work." preaching, and at the same time been called to it. Jesus is Lord, "It seems to me incomprehen- a leader of the people of his state our Lord. What is decisive is not the theories we are teaching sible that I am leaving the na- in all moral and righteous issues. about Him, but the obedience with which we are serving Him; tives for months. How fond of The story is so written that it Christianity without words. For years I have been preaching them one becomes, in spite of all cannot fail to quicken anew the about Christianity. But inwardly, I was longing to be practic- the trouble they give one! How fires of Baptist missionary zeal. ing Christianity silently. This I many beautiful traits of char- But for such Christians as are do now, or I try to do it." How Dr. Schweitzer is doing acter we can discover in them, not members of the Baptist fold it, this book tells. Far more in- if we refuse to let the many and this volume has also an intense teresting than the best fiction is this account of the voyage, the varied follies of the child of na- interest. The beginnings of the first months in Lambarene, West Africa, and the tragic experi- ture prevent us from looking for struggle against human slavery ences in the old hospital during 1925 and 1926, and in the new the man in him! How they dis- are portrayed. What more interhospital which was completed in 1927. One is tempted to quote close to us their real selves, if we esting story than that of the largely from a narrative that moves on like a symphony. have love and patience enough "Cantine Creek Baptized Church Pathos, tragedy, and humor follow in rapid succession, but be- to understand them!" of Christ, Friends to Humantween the line~ one can read far s. M. Z. ity," organized in 1809, whose more than is narrated. Vanguard of the Caravans. A Life- constitution denied "union and "And now I cannot help fear- Story of John Mason Peck. By Coe ing that my narrative has given Hayne. 157 pp. Illus. $1.00. Jud- communion with all persons son Press. Philadelphia. 1931. holding the doctrines of per- petual, involuntary, hereditary This volume is written in com- slavery." A. J. M.

memoration of the one hun- Perils in the Wilderness. By G. Find- dredth ann i v e r s a r y of The ley Andrews. Pamphlet 25 cents.

American Baptist Home Mission China Inland Mission. Philadelphia Society which had its birth in and Toronto. 1931.

New York April 27, 1832. All This vivid story of the experi- too frequently anniversary vol- ences of two missionary ladies, umes are stuffy, pretentious and Mrs. Hayward and Miss Gomer- suggestive of museum pieces. sal, in the midst of bandits gives The reader is due for a pleasant some idea of the present situa- surprise as he dips into this vital tion in disturbed parts of China. volume. With commendable skill We see also clearly the courage the author leads back into the and faith of the missionaries, stirring events in the midst of . the faithfulness of Mongolian which American Baptists laid friends and the reality of God's the foundation of their impres- care for His own. The ladies sive home missionary enterprise. were captured by bandits in N0- [127]

vember, 1930, in the dreary slave girls and unfortunates in New Books Mongolian desert and were later released. W hat happened on the Chinese communities in Cal- Chinatown Quest. Carol Green Wiltheir journey from Lanchow in son. 263 pp. $3. Stanford Uni- Kansu; through Mongolia and ifornia. The story is naively and versity Press. Stanford. 1931. on to Peiping makes a stirring narrative. ingenuously told by a friend and Chaka: An Historical Romance. Thos. Mofolo. 198 pp. Oxford Univer- The End of Exterritoriality in China. it ends somewhat abruptly. The sity Press. London. 1931. By Thomas F. Millard. 8 vo. 278 pp. A. B. C Press. Shanghai. remarkable character of this The Challenge of Amazon's Indians. 1931. Mrs. Arthur F. Tylee. 92 pp. 75c. able and clever woman is left to Inland South American Missionary This work presents the condi- Union. New York. 1931. tions that attended the institu- be gathered by the reader. It tion of exterritoriality in China, "Charge That to My Account." D. A. and the reasons and methods of will be a dull reader that cannot Ironside. 123 pp. 75c. Bible Inthe Chi n e s e Government in stitute Colportage Assn. Chicago. bringing the system to an end. do this from the wealth of excit- 1931. With its termination, exterritoriality, except as it applies to ing incidents with which the Charles E. Cowman: Missionary-Wardiplomats and special ambassa- rior. Mrs. Chas. E. Cowman. 411 dors, probably will fall into dis- book is filled. It is a needed ac- pp. $1.50. Oriental Missionary Souse, as China is the last import- ciety. Los Angeles. 1931. ant country where it has been in count of a noble woman whose force. Chefoo: A Story of the China Inland unique work has been the re- Mission School at Chefoo. Stanley The author is a competent his- Houghton, Edith B. Harman, Martorian who has spent many years deeming of hundreds of Chinese garet Pyle. 82 pp. 2s'. China Inin China and has written several land Mission. London. 1931. books and many articles. He girls and their training for useserved as adviser to the former The Dawn Wind. Olive Wyon. 155 Peking Government from 1919 ful and happy and righteous pp. 2s., 6d. Student Christian to 1923, and was appointed ad- Movement Press. London. 1931. viser to the National Govern- womanhood. R. E. 'S. ment in t929. He believes that Gandhi: The Dawn of Indian Freethe passing of exterritoriality in Bells of India. By Ethel Cody Hig- dom. Jack C. Wilson and Venier China marks the end of an era ginbottom. 172 pp. $1.50. Revell. Elwin. 224 pp. $1.50. Revell. in the history of that country New York. 1931. New York. 1931. and the commencement of a new epoch. What this change means For over twenty years Mrs. God-The Eternal Torment of Man. to China and to the complex for- Higginbottom has lived within Marc Boegner. Translated from the eign interests that are involved the sound of India's many bells French by Morton Scott Enslin. 165 is indicated in this v 0 I u m e. and has listened with sympathet- pp. $2. Harpers. New York. 1931. Eleven appendices add valuable ic heart to the more impelling documents and a bibliography. notes of the call of India's peo- God in Freedom-Studies in the Rela- ple. As a missionary of Allaha- tions between Church and State. A. J. B. bad and the wife of a missiona- Luigi Luzzatti. $5. Macmillan. New ry, the founder of the Allahabad York. 1931. Chinatown Quest. By Carol Green Agricultural Institute, she has Wilson. 263 pp. $3. Stanford Uni- often heard the sound of the sa- Good News. C. V. Sheatsley. 156 pp. versity Press, Stanford, Calif. 1931. cred cowbells and those which $1. The Book Concern. Columbus, are worn by the donkey, the ox- @hio. 1931. This book bears the sub-title en, the goat and the elephant. "The Life Adventures of Don- The bells of the temple have His Bequest-The Believer's Riches in aldina Cameron." The sub-title often clashed with those of the is faithfully descriptive. The mission school. The memories Trust. Norman B. Harrison. 48 Pl?· book is the story of one of the awakened by these bells and most devoted, courageous, mod- other associations have given Gift edition 40c, Art cover 25c. BIest and useful women in Amer- Mrs. Higginbottom the opportu- ble Institute Colportage Assn. Chiica. With no trumpets or avoid- nity to describe the various cus- cago. 1931. able publicity, with fearlessness toms of the people, the life on that has faced danger and death the farm, the lives of those asso- He'athen Rage. Gerald Stanley Lee. again and again, Miss Cameron ciated with the temples and 342 pp. $2.50. Smith. New York. has given a generation to the palaces and in contrast the free, 1931. rescue and education of Chinese satisfying life in the Christian schools. She has also given Curing the Incurable. Winifred Com- much of her time to the care of ber. 35 pp. 6d. Church Mission- lepers and untainted children ary Society. London. 1931. and reveals in her attractive stories the need for better medi- Jesus Came Preaching. George A. cal care and Christian guidance Buttrick. 239 pp. $2.50. Scrib- for these sufferers and their ners. New York. 1931. children. She indirectly appeals for some of the needs of the Al- Khama-King of the Bamangwato. lahabad Agricultural Institute. Julian Mockford. 322 pp. lOs., 6d. Anyone who takes Mrs. Higgin- Jonathan Cape. London. 1931. bottom as a guide will learn many interesting things about The Lutheran Hour. Walter A. Maier. the life and customs and needs 324 pp. $1.50. Concordia Pub. House. St. Louis. 1931. of India. The Missionary's Charm. K. M. Mac- Leod. 234 pp. 2s. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1931.

'Items Obituary Notes BOOKS

(Continued from 2d Cover) PRINTED .. .

The Rev. Francis Shunk Downs, D. The Rev. Rennie Maclnness, Bishop We offer a complete book- D.. a secretary of the Board of For- of the Church of England' in J erusa- making service at reasoneign Missions of the Presbyterian lem, died on December 24th, at Burgh- able rates. Write us your Cliurch, has been called to the First by-Sands, Carlisle,' England. Bishop needs. Church of Berkeley as the successor MacInness was 61 years of age, was ordained in 1896 and went to Cairo BOOK CRAFT GUILD of Rev. Dr. Lapsley A. McAfee. as a missionary three years later. 'In 509 Fifth Avenue 1914 he was consecrated Bishop in New York City * *' * Jerusalem, serving efficiently in this capacity for seventeen years. Munshi Ganeshi Lal The Rev. George W. Ric:hards, D. D., and Son president of the Theological Seminary *** of the Reformed Church in the U. S., 9 Drummond Road, Delhi, India at Lancaster, Pa., and former Mod- The Dr. William E. Witter, who erator of the General Synod of that went as a Baptist missionary to Dealers in denomination, has been elected chair- Assam in 1883, and who, after a sixman of the Executive Committee of year term there, served for 20 years Indian Curios, Jewelry and the Federal Council of the Churches as district secretary for the Baptist Photographs of Christ in America, a place for- Foreign Mission Society in the midmerly filled by Dr. Walter L. Lingle. western and New England sections of By Appointment to His Excellency the United States, died in Rochester, The Governor of United Provinces *** N. Y., Nov. 5. Following his secre- tarial service, Dr. Witter had re- write for prices or Henry Roe Cloud, a Winnebago In- t'.lrned to Assam for a seven year pe- Send j:or Sample 100 Rupee Box dian, president of the American In- rIod, b~t since 1922 he resided in dian Institute at Wichita, Kansas, has Rochester. of Interesting Curios been appointed to the staff of the They Make Wonderful Gifts Bureau of Indian Affairs in Wash- *** All goods carefully packed and shipped prepaid.• ington, D. C., as field secretary. He Dr. Joseph W. Cook died of typhus in Hamadan, Persia, on January 7, at Send payment by has been granted a year's leave of ab- the age of forty-eight. In 1912 he Postal or Express Order sence by the Presbyterian Board of went to Persia as a Presbyterian med- National Missions, under whose direc- ical missionary but after five years The COMMUNITY tion the Institute is. Mrs. Cloud will was .obliged to resign on 'account of CHURCHMAN continue at the Institute as super- his health. In 1929 Dr. Cook revisor of student work. turned to Persia. A journal interpreting various ef- forts in union, federated and com- *** *** munity churches toward community betterment. There are now over Bishop Motozo Akazawa, fourth William Sylvester Holt, formerly a two thousand such churches in P!esbyterian' missionary' in China, Americo, the most rapidly develop· Bishop of the Japan Methodist dIed recently at the age of eighty– ing religious movement in the three. At Soochow and Shanghai he country. The larger problems of Church, has been visiting in this coun- rendered valuable service for twelve American' Christianity and of years. Serious illness causing his re- world Christianity also receive try as a delegate to the recent Ecu- tUrn, he turned to work among the attention. menical Conference in Atlanta, Geor- Chinese on the Pacific Coast. The gia. , Chinese church in Portland is known SPECIAL CLUB OFFER as "Holt Chinese Church." The Missionary Review of the *** *** World……………… $2.50 Dr. Helen Kim returned in Novem- The Community Churchllk!ln .. , 1.00 ber to Korea after several years of Gaylord S. White, dean of Union graduate study in the United States. Theological Seminary, New York City, $3.50 She is the president of the Woman's died on December 6th. He was for Both for S2.75. Save 75 cenb. many years head worker at the Union Christian College at Seoul. settlement and had a wide knowledge THE COMMUNITY CHURCHMAN of the many problems in this field. Pork Ridse, III. *** His place will be difficult to fill.

Mrs. Dorr Diefendorf has been *** elected chairman of the Foreign Department of the Woman's Foreign Louise Bates Boomer, widow of Dr. Missionary Society of the Methodist William B. Boomer, who with her Church, taking the place of Mrs. husband gave thirty-seven years of Francis J. McConnell who had re- service to Chile, died September 22 at aigned. East Northfield, Mass. She sailed for Latin America in 1887, and in 1924 *** they were placed upon the roll of hon- orably retired missionaries. She as- Mias Harriet Halverstadt, the Amer- sisted her husband in the preparation ican missionary who was kidnapped of the Spanish hymnal. the latter part of December, was released by the bandits after a brief *** period of captivity. Julius Rosenwald of Chicago, one of *** the outstanding philanthropists of the world, died on January 6th at the age Elsie Schuyler, M. D.. wife of the of sixty-nine. While Mr. Rosenwald was a Hebrew, he gave largely to ReT. Burl T. Schuyler of Lahore, many Christian enterprises, including the Y. M. C. A. and Tuskegee Insti- India, was the recipient of the Kaiser- tute, and to countless other philani-Hind gold medal as an indication of thropies-for Jews, Negroes and oththe aJlPreciation of the government of ers in need of friendly help. His Majesty, King George V, in the eIalPanja~, for her medical work, espe- Citi~ In the leper asylum in Ambala

Christ Known to

The Goods News of the Way, the Truth and the Life through Christ is interpreted to Moslems through the Literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems in all parts of the world. You can help to supply this much needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard this Good News-in Egypt Palestine Malaysia Morocco Turkey China AI«iers Arabia Java Tunis Irak Sumatra Syria Persia South Africa India You may not be able to go but you can help the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems.

This Society does not send missionaries but cooperates with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees on the field.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Mrs. William Borden Dr. John H. Raven Dr. James Cantine, Cor. Sec. Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. J, M. Montgomery Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.D.

Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.D. Mr. Fennell P. Turner Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D.

Gifts may be sent to The Treasurer at 116 East 68th'St., New York City. Apply for information and literature to The Moslem W()'f'ld, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

WITH GOD IN PAPUA The work begun by Jdmes Chdlmers dnd Chdrles W. Abel continues. God is working by His Spirit in Pdpua today, transforming former cdnnibals into witnessing Christidns.

Would you like to hear more of the wonderful story? Write for d free copy of KWdto Mission Tidings.

New Guinea Evangelization SocietYI Inc.

HUGH It MONRO, President. J. H. RIGHTER, Secretory. WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer.

156 Fifth Avenue, • • • New York City A Typical Papuan A Work of Faith and a Labor of Love

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1931

McCLANAHAN lIIEllllORIAL-A COMMUNITY HALL AT THE CHRISTIAN LEPER VILLAGE, CHIENG MAl

Help Rea~h Japanese Youth with the Gospel THE KINGDOM OF GOD MOVEMENT is beginning a magazine for Japanese young people under the editorial control of TOYOHIKO KAGAWA It will bear all the marks of his evangelistic genius. It will specialize in Bible study, nature study, Christian biography of all ages and races, cooperative living and prayer. THE COMMITTEE ON CHRISTIAN LITERATURE FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN in mission lands is helping. Will you pray and give? Send contributions to Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery, Chairman 144 Dartmouth St., Rochester, New York Will You Help Send the Gospel to Moslems?

Christ and His Message are interpreted to Moslems through Christian Literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems.

By your prayers and gifts you can help to supply this much needed Christian literature for Egypt Syria lrak China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa Will you help the Christian missionaries in these countries by sending your gicrts through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees, on the field?

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Rev. William I. Chamberlain, D.D., President Delavan L. Pierson, Dr. Robert E. Speer, Vice Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice President Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D., Field Secretary Dr. William B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan, Rec. Sec. Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Mrs. William Borden Dr. James Cantine, Cor. Sec. Mrs. James M. Montgomery Dr. Robert W. Searle Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Mrs.. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Dr. John H. Raven Mr. Fennell P. Turner Send your contributions to The Treasurer, 116 East 68th Street, New York City.

Apply for information and literature to The Corresponding Secretary, Dr. James Cantine, 25 East 22nd Street, New York City.

Please mention TUJl MISSIONARY REVImw OF Tum WORLD In writinK to advertIsers. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD DmLAvAN L. PImRSON, Editor .l ::, CONTENTS-December, 1931 LET YOUR GIFT to Foreign Missions Page PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME FRONTII'lPIECE ……………….. . 88-1 ~Oil can make a generous gift to foreign mts- SlOns and have a needed income for yourself KALEIDOSCOPIC GLIMPSES OF ASIA and others from the money you give by the ••••••••••••••••• EDWARD M. DODD S85 Annuity Gift Plan THE WHITE ANGEL OF TOKYO …. •••••••••••.•. MAMIE C. G. If'RASER This v1an relieves you of uncertainty and worry caused by changing values of invested CONSTANTINOPLE AFTER A CEN· funds Bnd assures you a fixed income of TURY •••……. CHARLES T. RIGGS SUO 4t% to 9% per year A CHINESE MARKET TOWN ARISTO· CRAT ••..••..•• CHARLES E. ~COTT 90:! for the rest of your life JEWS BECOME CHRISTIANS ……. . A reserve fund of over $1,500,000 guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you, ••••••••••• • JOHN STUART CONNING 905 Prot~ct.· yourself against loss through A REMARKABLE INDIAN I,AWYER .. unWise Investments and at the same time …………………. D. A. YARDI 907 help send the gospel to all the world.

AFRICAN DRUMS AND THEIR USES For fUll 'information write . . •. . .. • • .. • . . . . . . A. E. VOLLOR 911 Erne.t F. Holl, Secretary, Dept. 01 Annuiti•• HOW STRENGTHEN THE HOME BASE 913 BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. THE GIFT OF KHAMA'S PEOPLE … 914 156 Fifth Avenue. New York SADHU ~UNDAR SINGH AS I SAW HIM ……••.. HARRY W. NISSANKA J15 '0ne £OMMI)NITY £H()R£HMAN THE STORY OF MISS TSAI OF CHINA 916 A journal interpreting various ef· TOPICS OF THE TIMES ..•……… 918 forts in union, federated and com- munity churches toward community THE PRESENT WAR IN EUROPE. betterment. There are now over SALARY CUTS ArqD "No RETREAT." two thousand such churches in DR. SPEER'S ANNIVERSARY. ~meri~a,. the most rapidly develop- LOOK FOR JANUARY. mg relIgIOUS movement in the coun- WHAT ORIENTALS 'l~H]NK OF AMERICA. try. The larger problems of Amer- PRINCIPLES OF "FAITH MISSIONS." ican Christianity and of world NEED IN DUTCH EAST INDIES. Christianity also receive attention.

METHODS FOR WORKERS ……… . •••• • EDITED BY Mas. F. 1. JOHNSON 1J~5 WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BUL· LETIN •……………..•……. 931 WORLD·WIDE OUTLOOK ………… 937 BOOKS WORTH READING ………. 953 INDEX FOR 1931 ………………. 959 TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, ~o cents. Single copie., 25 cents. Publlshed monthly. Copyrighted, 1931, by MISSIONARY RlCVIBW PUBLISHING COM- PANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING SPECIAL CLllB OFFER COMPANY, INC. The Missionary Review of the ROBERT E. SpaaR, Pre81dent World ………………… $2.50 W,LLIAY I. CHAYBIlRLAIN, Vlce-Pre8Went The Community Churchman. . . .. 1.00 DSLAVAN L. PlaRSON, Secretary $3.50 WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Both for $2.75. Save 75 cents.

Publication Olllce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Why not present these magazines Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year.

Editorial and Business Olllee, 156 Fifth Avenue, as Christmas gifts to friends. New York City The Commun..y Churchman Entered as second·class matter at the Post Park Ridge, Ill. Olllee, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March S. IB79.

Plf'RSe ll1pntion THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLn in writing to advprtisers. PERSONALS p~~~~~~" 'M ~,. ~omdbmg jitW for (;ijristmas BISHOP HUGH L. BURLESON, Bishop of South Dakota since 1916, was elected at ft Something ~11, the recent General Convention assistant From Far Away to the Presiding Bishop of the Protestant ~ Episcopal Church. He resigned his ~ Just a po9~!l};r!b!ng you full ~ diocesan office and his suffragan, Bishop ~ information about the beautiful silk and ~ Roberts, was elected Bishop of South linen cross-stitch work that is made in Dakota. ~ ~ ~ ~~~n~~~,e c~~na?n:::::~or;;:re inareTa~~~; ~ DR. WILL W. * AL*EXA*NDER, for some five hundred boys and girls who are workyears head of the Commission on Inter- ing hard to become useful ChrIstian racial Cooperation, with headquarters at young men and women. Atlanta, has accepted the position of acting president of the new Dillard Uni- We have something suitable as gifts versity in New Orleans. He will begin his new duties immediately, though pres- for children, young people and older folks. ent plans provide for him to continue as Buying these goods belps to encourage director of the Interracial Commission. a spirit of self-reliance in children who * * .. ~ would otherwise be dependent on kind- ~ DR. C. H. IRWIN retired September 23 hearted people for support. from the post of secretary and editor of the Religious Tract Society, with which The jncome from the sale of these goods Is used to help destitute boys and . .. he has been connected for 35 years. gb~i r~l~s~sb.eicnosmt eea du soeff ubl e cCo mh riinsgt i abnegm~aerns and ~~ and ~'M THE REV. A. C. SNEAD, the Foreign Secretary of the Christian and Mission- ft Our Specialty for Sunday School Classes 11, ary Alliance, has gone to Japan to hold this Season is a BE!autifuI Handa series of conferences with the mission- Painted Silk Bookmark. aries and J apariese leaders. Write at once fol" price Itst .. * .. and full informatIOn to THE REV. BERT NELSON, an American IJI 'M G. A. LUNDMARK missionary, has now been held by Communist bandits in Honan and Hupeh ¥t 'It: 2002 GRACE STREET, CHICAGO, ILL. L~;;;;~;;:~:d provinces for a year, and there are no present prospects of his being released. FOR LOVERS OF MISSIO~S He is a member of the Lutheran United HUMAN INTEREST STORIES from a new field Mission which has paid more than $10,000 in ransom to secure his release, in Belgian Congo, East Africa. but the bandits after receiving the money began making extravagant, not to say Three brle! storIes: "KATSUBUKIRO, the impudent, demands. eleven-year-old boy schoolmaster" ; "Death DR. HOWARD B'". G*ROS'"E, editor of Mis- Drums" ; and "Home Life of the Banandi Women." sions, and for many years senior vice- SUitable for missionary programs. Sent FREE by an interdenominational FAITH mission.

Address UNEVANGELIZED AFRICA ](ISSION, 536 South Hope St., Los Angel••, CalIfornia president of the International Society of Christian Endeavor, on September 5 COMING EVENTS December 30-January 3, 1932-STUDENT .. . .. celebrated his eightieth birthday. VOLUNTEER CONVENTION, Buffalo, MR. LESLIE B. Moss, of the Committee New York. of Reference and Counsel, will make a visit during the winter to the Far East. January 2-3-COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR He plans to leave late in November, HOM]" MISSIONS, ANNUAL MEETING, visiting mission work in Egypt and Toronto, Canada. spending approximately two months and a half in India and proceeding to China, January 4-6-HoME MISSIONS COUNCIL, Korea and Japan, returning to the ANNUAL MEETING, Toronto, Canada.

. .. .. United States about the first of June. January 12-15-FoREIGN MISSIONS CON- FERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA, Atlan- MISS CLEMENTINA BUTLER has been tic City, New Jersey.

granted leave of absence from the Wom- January 18-19-COUNCIL OF CHURCH an's Foreign Missionary Society of the BOARDS OF EDUCATION, Cincinnati, Methodist Church in order to attend the Ohio.

. . .. seventy-fifth anniversary of the found- January 24-CHIW LABOR DAY.

ing of the mission of the Methodist Epis- February 4-INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF copal Church in India. ~EL.IGIOUS EDUCATION, Chicago, 11- hnOls. REV. LEWIS R. SCUDDER, D.D., M.D., returned from India on October 12. February 12–WORLD DAY OF PRAYER.

(Concluded on Third Cover.) PIonso mention TrrE ~fISSI03!"RY REVJEW o1l' TRill WORm In writing to ndvortisrrs.

LIV, No.12 December

KALEIDOSCOPIC GLIMPSES OF ASIA BY EDWARD M. DODD, M.D., New York Medical Secreta.rrtl O'f the Presbyterian Board of Formfl'll Missions. Formerly a MissiO'lJary ,in Persia O UT of a kaleidoscope of im- Near the other end of our trip, pacts from a rapid world Dr. TooteU of the Hunan Mission tour what are the outstand- in China was telling me of seeing ing impressions? What are the Communists, who had been capones which bear the most signifi- tured by Nanking Government cantly on man's future and the troops, marched through the Christian enterprise? streets of Changsha to be behead- During a short stop in Paris, I ed. As they went along they shouted "Long live Communism." was walking through Versailles Their zeal, like the martyrs of old, with two chance companions from the bus load under the regis of the was stronger than any fear of apthoughtful Thos. Cook and Son. proaching death. One was an eager German stu- These are two glimpses of what dent; the other was an American we felt through so much of our Russian Jew from New York, who, trip-the huge question-mark- after seventeen years absence from J)ortentious or J)romising or mixed, Russia had been visiting his rela- which is represented by Russia.

tives and friends in Warsaw, Mos- But my thought has not been pricow, Kieff and various other parts marily Russia and Communism, of Soviet Russia. He had seen the though they are of vast significonditions close up and off parade. cance to the Christian enterprise, He had a mass of exceedingly in- so much as the thing which Russia teresting observations and reac- exemplifies so strikingly, and tions which he was thoughtfully which India and other countries sifting. Among other things, he also exemplify-the power of a was impressed with the fervent mastering idea. conviction and zeal of the younger generation, imbued to the finger- In this respect there has been a tips with the Communist thesis. profound change in the thinking of Sacrifice, patience and endurance great masses of people in Asia were all part of the game for the within the last decade, since I left great objective, crystallized in the Persia and travelled home by In- dia and the Far East. The old Five Year Plan. He was deeply static, passive, submissive East is impressed with this spirit. rapidly changing to a dynamic, ac- 885

tive, assertive East. This observa- which are part of a great compel- tion is commonplace enough, but ling, inspiring idea. Millions of the point which interested me people in India, China and Japan greatly was how the face of Asia are being stirred as never before.

was being changed by the power of Can conviction be met with any- sweeping ideas, which bear on in- thing less than conviction? Can dividual human life and on the we adapt ourselves to meet the new whole social order, and which are situation?

My brother and I were traveling by train from Angora, the capital of the new Turkey, to Talas, a sta- tion of the American Board, which had been our old home. The two other people in the compartment were a Turkish colonel (a World War veteran), and a younger offi- cer. The colonel proved to be a genial, democratic, soul, who was sociability personified. We were presently talking about everything under the sun-from personal af- fairs to politics. Then he offered to draw the scheme of the ambi- tious government program of rail- road building, which has already progressed far toward completion.

Each time, as he started to write down the name of some city, he automatically began with the old Arabic script, from right to left, but each time he caught himself, reversed, and began over ·again with the new Romanized writing in the opposite direction, and with THE DISAPPEARING VEILED WOMAN very evident pride in the latter. OF THE EAST This one change alone in Turkey being worked out in large pro- has been a revolution in itself. It grams. The followers of Mr. breaks with the past-the mighty Gandhi show this to an extraordi- Arabian Mohammedan heritage– nary degree. The spirit with far more than we realize.

which they move is tremendously In Tabriz, Persia, I was talking challenging. The Rev. Frank Bi- with a good friend, a young Sayid, ble and I had the opportunity of who keeps a modern drug store, meeting some of the Indian Con- and who had recently become a gress leaders in two or three cities, Haji by virtue of a pilgrimage to and we were profoundly impressed Mecca. He was picturing the with their spirit. Purposefully, travel and the crowds. Can you patiently, intelligently-whether credit the statement that the trip you agree with them or not–they from the pilgrim port of Jidda to are moving toward certain goals, holy Mecca is now always made by

KALEIDOSCOPIC GLIMPSES OF ASIA

motor car across the desert? No Right here is our changing more long days by caravan; enter front. If the fading of the old ora Ford or a Buick and in a few der meant moral advance; if it hours you are there. How long can meant turning to Christianity; if Mecca remain totally closed to non- it meant seeking for truer spiritual Moslems at this rate? Perhaps light; it would be one thing. But about ten years more. The pres- the consensus of opinion seems to sure of profits from tourists and be otherwise. The trend is what movie people and pUblicists, you will-materialistic, religiously coupled with Moslem relaxation indifferent, agnostic, sometimes and ease of travel, will be hard to social minded, sometimes idealistic, resist. My Haji friend went on to often quite otherwise; but certainsay that the census of the year's ly it is in new and untried direcpilgrims showed a marked faIling tions, with a constantly decreasing HOW WE TRAVET,ED ACROflS '.rHE PERSIAN DESERTS off. The largest delegation was hold of the age-long sanctions. from Java–40,000. And he con- The baleful effects of western ::3idered them a barbarous, dirty night-life and drinking, of our lot, as he visited their camps. This worst movies, cynical after-effects reaction was far more evident than of the war among so-called Christhat they were brother religionists tian nations, with the loss of westof a world faith. The delegation ern prestige-all these and other from Persia was only 5,000-a con- influences are insidiously and siderable decrease over the past. sweepingly at work. Turkey, once the military and religious head of Islam, produced Shortly before I sailed for Peronly five pilgrims! Could anything sia fifteen years ago, I was talking be more eloquent of what is taking with a gentleman in New York. place-Islam crumbling at its cen- He knew that I was going out as a ters. The old moorings are slip- missionary and freed himself of ping-and what have you? some comments. The burden of these was that it was a mistake to

compete with the old religions; we mission hospitals in nine different should contribute to them and not Asiatic countries, and have seen replace them; otherwise we would the same sort of service, with vary- risk losing great values without ing methods and different person- corresponding gains. alities, giving its witness to all Whatever element of truth there sorts and conditions of men.

may once have been in this hoary My Christian Credo argument, it does not check with actuality today. The old religions My credo in medical work in are in retreat and on the defensive. this shifting, groping, upheaving Merely left to themselves in a mod- day and age, has at least three ern and communicating world, they tenets: will disappear or so change as to 1. It exemplifies and expresses be mere vestiges of their authentic the Christ spirit. With all the selves. frailties of our human medium it What is the import of this to us? makes its appeal, in spite of in- Is there less or more urgency for tellectual cynicism and political the missionary enterprise? Has preoccupation and economic pres- the Christian enterprise a real sure. Who could be so obtuse or message for. so changing and un- so distracted as to be able to visit precedented a situation? Dr. McKean's leper village in May I offer a partial answer? Chiengmai, Siam, and not be r have been to Vellore and have touched to the quick? Who could seen Dr. Ida Scudder in action. be so blind as to visit Hackett The large, beautiful, efficient, gra- Medical in Canton and not recog- cious-spirited hospital-minister- nize that something quite beyond ing to its thousands-and then the the powers of the old order, and splendidly conceived and nearly more than fulfilling the best ideal completed medical school in that of the new order, is going on there?

lovely setting outside the city- 2. The special contribution of where scores of women doctors the medical work is needed because will be trained for Christlike serv- of its welding of science and faith.

ing-are an unanswerable contri- Better and more persuasive than bution. They embody convictions books and arguments, you have and they show a new way. I was here people, who are trained in the with Dr. Scudder in the ward when scientific method, who believe in she stopped to speak to and caress the scientific approach to life (as a little wisp of a woman, with such far as it can go), who are profi- appealing eyes. She was a fifth cient in an envied scientific attain- Cesarean case! Four times before, ment, and yet who, at the same this mite of a woman had gone time, are believers in the religious through that operation. A fifth supremes, believers in the spiritual Cesarean operation does not hap- meaning of life, believers in God pen often, and this was successful and in Jesus Christ. Part of the for mother and child. reaction in the younger generation The surgical skill was all there, in these countries takes the form but what gripped me even more of an ultra or misconceived evalua- was the atmosphere at that bed- tion. They think that science is all side. and that science precludes faith in r have been in some sixty-six the unseen. The medical man and

KALEIDOSCOPIC GLIMPSES 0);' ASIA

woman of the Christian enterprise sentatives. In times of bewilderlive and teach something more than ment and danger and extreme testthis. If anyone can get it across ing these Chinese doctors and they can. nurses have made good.

3. Medical Missions train men We are faced with an Asia where and women for the future, doctors mass ideas, which are apart from and nurses, who shall go out and accepted religion, which cut across work-whether through healing or established racial and social patprevention-for their own people, terns, and which break with the because men and women from a whole heritage of the past, are distant Christian church first came gripping people as never before. to them. What is our answer?

DR. IDA SCUDDER AND HER HELPERS STARTING ON A MEDICAL TOUR The chaos in China has brought The old order is obviously passout heroism and latent power. The ing. The new order is the question graduates of mISSIOn medical mark. Whither will it go? Where schools, such as that at Shantung do we come in on it? Christian University in Tsinanfu, have made an enviable record in Part of our answer is already on carrying on mission hospitals, the ground, ministering to perwhen the foreigners have been sent petual human needs in the name of away by their government repre- our Master. Shall we go on with it?

LET CHRISTIANS EVERYWHERE CULTIVATE A CONSCIOUS FELLOW- SHIP WITH THEIR LIVING AND LOVING LORD AND ALL THE "MAJOR CONCERNS IN FOREIGN MISSIONS" WILL CLEAR AWAY LIKE THE MISTS OF THE MORNING.

WHERE CHRI'i'lT GOES, WE WILL GO; AS HE WORKS, WE WILL WORK; AND OUR GIVING WILL BECOME MORE AND MORE COMMENSUR- ATE WITH HIS SACRIFICIAL GIVING.

WHITE ANGEL OF TOKYO*

The Story of Miss A. Caroline MacDonald, of Japan BY MAMIE C. G. FRASER, Toronto, Canada A CAROLINE MACDONALD, the work extended beyond Tokyo M.A., LL.D., the minister- and beyond the lives of the students • ing angel in Japanese pris- who had greatly benefited by the ons and the missionary to working establishment of Christian hostels. women of Tokyo, died on July 18, A Japanese National Association in the Victoria Hospital, London, grew up, and it was a real joy to Ontario. Miss Macdonald when a Japanese With ancestors the embodiment young woman, Miss Michi Kawai, of courageous daring and inde- was appointed joint National Secpendence of spirit, it can easily be retary.

seen that the love of freedom and Then a tragedy occurred in fair play – the spirit of independ- Tokyo which brought Miss Mac- ence and daring statesmanship donald into contact with men in which never fails to attract and the prisons and later with their challenge – was Caroline Mac- families and friends and changed donald's God-given inheritance. the whole course of her life. Join- She was the daughter of Doctor ing the staff of the Women's Coland Mrs. Peter Macdonald, of lege in Tokyo, she gave half her Wingham, Ontario. Her father time to her prison work and, for a was for many years a physician time, half to teaching. The prison and was also a member of Parlia- work rapidly developed into social ment, and deputy Speaker of the service which attracted the atten- House of Commons from 1901 to tion of Japanese officials, winning 1904. In the lovely little town of their approval, and resulting in the Wingham, Caroline Macdonald re- establishment of settlement work ceived her early education, later in the most congested district in going to the University of Toronto, Tokyo.

from which she graduated with This work made Miss Macdonald honors in 1901. She dedicated her famous, for it spread out into a life to the service of God and first great social service work among entered service as secretary in the the people and their families. It Ottawa Y. W. C. A. In 1903, she led to the establishment of night became Traveling Secretary of the schools for girls in industry, a re- Student Volunteer Movement, later markable piece of pioneer work; being chosen National Y. W. C. A. to the bringing about, through Jap- Secretary of Canada. Twenty- anese management, of various eight years ago she went to Japan changes in the care and service for in the interest of the welfare of convicted persons both in prison young women, in answer to a and on their return to society; to definite request from the wives of preventive work for delinquent missionaries who asked for a children and the establishment of worker to establish association ac- a juvenile court.

tivities in that country. In time While engaged in this unique • From The Glaa TMinY8. Toronto. Cana<ln. prison service Miss Macdonald 890 published the autobiography of the "Most touching of all and most man in Tokyo prison who was arresting is his frequently repeated awaiting the execution of the death estimate of the faith and character sentence. Miss Macdonald pub- of Christians. No Christian, he lished it in Japanese and, at the tells us, is ever afraid of death.

request of a prison official, trans- Christians, as he conceives them, lated it into English under the title "A Gentleman in Prison." The officials' reasons for asking the publication of this life story were illuminating. He said: "Much is said nowadays about the difficulties of mutual understanding between the East and the West. Ideals are different, customs are different, the background of life and history is different, and we face an impasse.

Educated people, it is said, may ap- proximate in thought and outlook, but for the people at large the case is hopeless. And while this is be- ing said, we have had in this very prison an example to the contrary.

A man, uneducated, steeped in crime, condemned to death for murder, waiting daily for the un- escapable end to which his crimes has brought him, is touched by one of another nation, and a woman at that, with traditions and history and education as different from his as night is from day; but the uni- versal message of the love of God flashes across the gulf of human differences and the man's soul re- sponds. I want your American people also to know this story, be- cause it illustrates from real life, and beyond the shadow of doubt- ing, the fact that underneath all the superficial differences that sep- DR. A. CAROLINE MACDONALD arate us, we are one in the depths are people who always live up to of suffering and sorrow and sin- the highest principles of Christ, ning, and in the heights of love and and whose thought and conduct are sympathy and God." ever worthy of His loftiest ideals.

Dr. John Kelman closes his fore- The only Christians he had ever word to the book with the follow- known were the two women who ing striking paragraph. Referring told him of Jesus in his cell."

to this man, whom he terms, "one These two women were Miss Mac- of God's aristocrats," he says, donald and her friend, Miss West.

Next in importance to the work The wording gave expression to among the prisoners was the estab- the appreciation felt for her labors lishment of night schools for girls of the past ten years, special menin industry-an entirely new field tion being made of her prison of mission work in Japan. It be- work, her share in the Juvenile gan in 1924, during a strike in one Court, and-most wonderful-"for of the textile factories in Tokyo, spreading the Gospel of God." On when Miss Macdonald allowed the the enthronement of the present 150 girls on strike to hold meet- Emperor, she was one of six forings at her settlement. She taught eigners to receive a silver cup, them domestic accomplishments given for distinguished service to and provided classes for study; as industry, commerce, immigration a result she had under her care, up and colonization. Lord Willingdon, to the time of her death, a night the Governor-General of Canada, school of large proportions with cabled the congratulations of the branch schools in five different fac- Canadian Government to Miss tory groups. This school gave Macdonald. In 1929, she was working girls an opportunity for asked by the Labor delegate from education, and carried with it the Japan to the Labor Conference in teachings .of Christ, translating Geneva to accompany him as interinto action the principles taught by preter and adviser. In 1925, the Him. By her interest in Japanese University of Toronto conferred women Miss Macdonald brought upon her the degree of LL.D., the them consolation and enlighten- first woman to receive that honor. ment and as a result they realize Her presentation brought forth the their own economic value. The priceless encomium from Professor problem which remained was, ac- Maurice Hutton: cording to Miss Macdonald, to see that they understand the spiritual If any follow her they will not win value of life as well, not for their it in a field more honorable or more own sakes alone but for the sake feminine. She has won the right to of the Kingdom of God on earth. be here by her life work as a mis- Miss Macdonald's work was interdenominational and received sup- sIonary. port from both the United Church and the Presbyterian Church in The church of which she was a Canada. member in Japan likewise honored her and she enjoyed the distinction Many honors came to Miss Mac- of being an elder in the Presby- terian Church in Tokyo. But perdonald in acknowledgment of her haps the decoration she prized most highly was a copper sen (oneservices. From the Emperor of half cent) bequeathed to her in a formal will, as his sole earthly pos- Japan, she received the Sixth session, by a noted criminal whom she was instrumental in leading, Order of the Sacred Treasure, and, before his execution, into the Peace of God. in 1924, the Department of Justice Just before word of her death presented her with a gold cup, ac- had been received in Japan, the Government sent through the Mincompanied by a certificate, bearing ister to Canada, Mr. Tokgawa, a on the top the Imperial crest, a gold chrysanthemum, and at the lower left corner the signature and large red seal of the Minister of Justice.

1U::l l] THE WHITE ANGEL OF TOKYO

silver vase-as a "sick bed gift"- mother was cheered and given ill "appreciation of her meritorious sufficient help to take her to her service." family home. .

One so truly great can never die To the weekly prayer-meeting, But lives and loves and serves to alI where Miss Macdonald always spoke, came the girls from her eternity. night school and some ex-pupils. There were also present several AN APPRECIATION boys on probation from the juve- nile court and ex-prisoners. By MRS. DANIEL STRACHAN When we finally were going up- When in Japan, I went one stairs, I remarked that she had not morning with Caroline Macdonald locked the front door. "This door to one of the large prisons where is never locked," she replied, "and she carried on work. There I saw the prisoners in their prison garb if you lock it now you will be lockbeing marched around the yard for exercise, while armed guards stood ing in the bUrglars instead of lockby. Caroline Macdonald visited ing them out, for upstairs there are six men sleeping who just DR. MACDONALD AND TWO OF ITER I!1EJU.ow WORK.IIlRS IN JAPAN and talked with these men in their came out of prison today. This is cells – desperate men, most of the 'House of Friendliness.' " them, whom she influenced and changed, men who called her In the Night School for the Girls friend. in Industry I heard from her the story of the lives of many of them. At her settlement I saw another I saw her address a meeting of one piece of work, which grew from of the large Labor Unions where her prison work – the care of the she spoke, at their request, on the families of prisoners. The wife of principles of the Christian religion. one of the prisoners and her twin In the Presbyterian Church in babies came to seek advice and Tokyo, she was the only foreigner help. The babies were bathed and in the congregation. dressed in fresh clothing, the The esteem in which she was

held by rich and poor, by the in- also Mrs. Kishi, the four Governors fluential and the outcast, was re- of the Tokyo prisons. Five Budmarkable. She loved Japan and its dhist priests came and afterwards people and made herself part of it. remarked how much they were im- She identified herself thoroughly pressed by the service. with everything in Japan and made her friends among the Japanese, Mr. Tagawa, who presided at the spoke their language like a native memorial service, said: and was well acquainted with the history. Tributes were paid to her My friendship with Miss Macdonald lasted for more than twenty years. by judges, lawyers, ministers, n- I will always remember the care and attention which she gave me in 1917 nancial men, bankers and business when I was put in prison for writing men. One man said, "She has in- an article to which the authorities obterpreted other nations rightly to jected. This was a serious event for us." Dr. Ozawa, Chairman of her me but Miss Macdonald visited me Board, spoke of her as "An am- many times and cared for my family, bassador from Canada to Japan, doing everything possible for us. She the best kind of ambassador that did InQre for me even than my own could be sent." relatives and the incident was re- ported abroad…… She thought Caroline Macdonald was indeed good and did good. I was much moved a friend of publicans and sinners, by her work and counted her as one and now in that "House of Many of my friends for life. I had no Mansions" we think of how much other such friend, even among the at home she is with her Master and Japanese. Saviour and with the ransomed and redeemed for whom He died. Miss Macdonald regularly visited four Tokyo prisons, but the one The Memorial Testimonies with which she was most closely connected was the Kosuge Prison, At the memorial service in Tokyo of Tokyo, to which men who had the Japanese carried out the cere- more than ten years to serve were mony with dignity and impressive- sentenced. Governor Arima, who was at Kosuge during the greater ness. The church, which seats soo part of the time that Miss Mac- donald visited the men there, people, was packed. In front of understood and appreciated her the pulpit a beautifully enlarged prison work better than anyone portrait of Caroline in cap and else; but the new Governor who gown was placed, draped with succeeded Mr. Arima was fully black silk, surrounded by wreaths convinced of the value of what she of flowers. Messages of sympathy was doing for the men, and read were received from the Home Min- this tribute at the memorial servister, Minister of Justice, Labor ice, which was held in Tokyo, at Party, the Women's Spinning the Japanese church of which she Guild, several of the universities was an elder. and women's colleges. Thirtyeight telegrams from various towns With deep humility, I address the throughout Japan were received spirit of Miss A. C. Macdonald. Crimand one from Mr. Soyo in Man- inals, objects of fear and hatred, churia. Judge Miyaki and his enemies of society, what hope have family were present, Mr. Matsuoka they for sympathy or understanding, and his family, the Vice-Minister who are they, that they should be of Foreign Affairs and Mrs. Nagai,

THE WHITE ANGEL OF TOKYO

given a word of encouragement, or struggle. All promise t'O try to live that a hand should be stretched out to lift them from their life of dull de- in such a way as to be worthy of all spair? But you know what they the sacrifices you have made for them. needed. Y'ou, a woman of culture and taste, left your far-away country to There are some who did not write, bring comfort and love to prisoners, to the outcasts 'Of society. You feeling that they could not put their brought the Word of God to those unf'ortunate 'Ones, not as one perform- grief into words. They offer you ing a duty, but as a mother talking with her children. During the past these flower,s as the most fitting seventeen years, thousands of prisoners have been strengthened and en- symbol of their gratitude. cDuraged by your inspiring advice and practical assistance. Only God and You have been taken from us, but perhaps the Governor of Kosuge can know what expenditure of thought we are certain that the seed you have and vital force was required for this stupendous labor of love. SD patiently and lovingly planted in At this moment, there are one hun- the hearts 'Of the men at Kosuge, will dred and thirty-two men in Kosuge who have been cDming directly under grDw and bear fruit, so be content your influence. When the,se men heard that their friend had left them, with the labor you have performed so never to return, it is hard tD imagine their grief and disappointment. In- well. ' deed I was so moved by their sorrDW that, to give them a little comfort, I Miss Macdonald's single-handed suggested that they write to you, tell- influence brought abDut a change ing y'Ou all that was in their hearts. in the general Japanese attitude I have collected these letters and am toward prisoners. Her sympathy 'Offering them today to your spirit. for them knew no limits and she would never admit that any human From these outpourings of the being was beyond reform. She dehearts of men who were rejected by tested cruelty with all her soul and the world and who have been given was convinced of the importance hope and comfort by your unending of kindness as an agent in reform. kindness, you can know the deepest of She was of tOD robust an intellitheir sorrow and affection. Some say gence to admit that criminals that they grieve for you as for their should be held irresponsible Dr that mother. Others confess that they are crime should not be punished, but only prevented by the recDllecti'On of she held that punishment failed if you from putting an end to their it ended as mere chastisement and was not directed towards the re- demptiDn of the criminal. ThDUgh she leaves no buildings or a great organization behind her, she has planted here a living seed which has taken root and will per- manently influence a part of the life of Japan.

CRIME IN AMERICA A,ND IN JAPAN YUSUKE TASURUMI, a Japanese authDr and political leader, expresses the view that Japan has not the widespread crime with which the pnited States is trying to grapple because of the powerful restraining mfluence of Japanese family life. The ingrained reverence f'Or parents in Japan has had its influence in restraining crime, and such reverence is not an outstanding characteristic of the present social life in America. While it may be argued that we have conditions which tend to foster crime that do not prevail in Japan, it must be acknowledged that a more careful observance of the Christian injunction to honor 'Our parents would I have a wholesome influen~e in America.

THE MODERN TRAFFIC IN IS'I'ANBUI

CONSTANTINOPLE AFTER A CENTURY BY THE REV. CHARLES T. RIGGS, Istanbul, Turkey Missionary 01 the Amtwiaan Board 0/ OQmmWtsio-ners lor Foreign Mi88ions O N JUNE 9, 1831, there ar- ambassador or minister; there rived in the Bosphorus, Wil- was not even a commercial treaty liam Goodell and his wife, or any treaty as yet with the ris- the first mIsSIOnaries to effect a ing Western Republic. No for- permanent settlement in the Otto- eigner of any sort was allowed to man Empire. Stations had been live in the old city of Stamboul, established at Smyrna and Beirut, south of the Golden Horn; only but both were then vacated. Con- Pera-the "beyond"-the new stantinople is therefore the oldest European quarter, was safe for mission station in Turkey with a them. Here the Goodells found a continuous and uninterrupted his- home.

tory. Everything was primitive in The pioneers on the deck of the those days. No steamers plied the Arne ric a n sailing-vessel that waters of the Bosphorus, save one brought them round the Seraglio that had begun trial trips to and Point into the quiet waters of the from Smyrna. Transportation Golden Horn gazed on strange was mainly by sail, or in the frail sights. Mrs. Goodell, and the two caiques, whose graceful pointed ladies that voyaged on the same prows have now entirely disap- bark, Miss Mary Reynolds, des- peared. On land, the only vehicle tined soon to become Mrs. William that could thread the maze of nar- Schauffler, and Mrs. Smith, wife of row, filthy streets was the ox-cart, the captain, were the first Ameri- or the buffalo-cart; horses and can women ever seen in the city. donkeys were used, and for heavy There was no resident American loads the lumbering camel; but 896

CONSTANTINOPLE AFTER A CENTURY ~97

nearly everybody went on foot. sand people homeless. Soon the No tram-cars, no European car- new missionary had to write of riages, not one bridge spanned the "frequent and dreadful conflagra- Golden Horn. The old city gates tions (and we call no conflagration in the fortifications on both sides dreadful which does not burn over of the Horn were shut tight each some ten, fifteen, twenty or more night, and all traffic stopped at sun- acres of compactly built houses at down. a time)." Volunteer bucket-lines could do nothing against such Today one sees a marvellous devastating flames. The only fire change in local transportation. companies were bands of villains Suburban trains on both European who drove a hard bargain with a and Asiatic railroads; a network man before they would help him of trolleys with feeder bus-lines; THE OI.D METHOD!; OF TRAVEl. IN- ASIATIC TURKEY automobiles everywhere; frequent rescue his house or belongings, and steamers across the Bosphorus, then often stole the best. and to all ports everywhere; motor-boats chug-chugging all over Contrast this with the brick, these quiet waters; connections by stone, or concrete structures of the air with the chief cities of Europe. present, and the motor fire-engines Speed, promptness and efficiency, and modern equipment that has qualities once almost unimaginable well-nigh rid the city of the terror to the Oriental, characterize the of great conflagrations. present day. Plague and cholera were fear- A century ago, man had not fully prevalent a hundred years mastered the destructive forces of ago, to say nothing of smallpox, nature. Within less than two scarlet fever, and other diseases. months after their arrival, Mr. Every year, from 1835 to 1838, and Mrs. Goodell and their two there was an awful visitation of little girls were burned out in a bubonic plague. In 1836, the great fire that made eighty thou- worst epidemic since the memo- rable one of 1812, took for a time '2

from 6,000 to 10,000 persons per of the Turkish Government was week, and is estimated to have de- at first friendly to the introducstroyed one-fifth of the entire pop- tion of "Lancasterian" schoolsulation. In 1837 two of the mis- a better system than any exist- ing in Turkey at that time. But sionary circles succumbed to the soon the Government's attitude be- came indifferent, and later openplague, despite rigid quarantines- ly hostile. This change was due the wife and infant son of the Rev. largely to the bitter antagonism of the Greek and Armenian Patri- H. G. O. Dwight. The greatest archs and the Grand Rabbi of the precautions had to be taken; and Jews, and to the scarcely concealed experience led to the discovery by jealousy and suspicion of the Rus- Cyrus Hamlin of a cure for cholera sian Ambassador, M. Boutineff. which he used successfully in many Finally, in 1839, this hostility cula case, and which, as "Hamlin's minated in the issuing of orders Mixture," was for decades the most· by Sultan Mahmoud himself for widely employed remedy in the the expUlsion of all the American world against this disease. missionaries. A despatch from the Sublime Porte to the American These dread foes no longer ter- Minister, Commodore Po r t e r , rify the inhabitants. It is many a stated that the Government could no longer be answerable for the long year since the last epidemic safety of the missionaries. The of either visited the city. Moslem Commodore took the surprising atfatalism has given way before titude that as the treaty of Amermodern pharmaceutics. ica with Turkey was merely com- mercial, he had no special duties Sultan Mahmoud II was on the regarding missionaries, but pendthrone when the Goodells arrived; ing word from Washington, he and though he had succeeded only would expect them to be given the five years earlier in ridding his usual protection. realm of the terrible Janizaries, and had instituted various re- The hand of the Russian Ambasforms, his absolute power was be- sador was evident in all this; but coming reactionary. Custom did the hand of the Lord was in connot allow anyone, foreigner or sub- trol; the Sultan died before the orject, to ride horseback while pass- der for expUlsion could be carried ing the imperial palace-all must out. Russian opposition to the dismount and walk. No umbrella Americans was due to the fact that or parasol could be raised in pass- the Tsar regarded himself as the ing it, no matter how fiercely rain protector and patron, the head and or sun beat down. Any "Frank," heart of the Orthodox Church, and or foreign lady, who dared wear a would brook no rivalry. The story green dress on any street, was li- has already been told of the famous able to be stoned, that being the conversation between Ambassador sacred color of Islam. Boutineff and Dr. Schauffler over the case of an Armenian perse- Turkey today is a most demo- cuted for his evangelical views. cratic country. One may wear The haughty Ambassador blandly whatever one pleases (save the stated to the American missionary: forbidden fez!). There is no royalty, and therefore no consequent restrictions.

In 1832, Mr. Goodell was joined by Messrs. H. G. O. Dwight and W. G. Schauffler. The attitude

CONSTANTINOPLE AFTER A CENTURY

"I might as well tell you, Mr. Gospel teaching attract those of Schauffier, that His Imperial Maj- open mind.

esty, the Tsar of all the Russias, As far as Moslems were con- who is my master, will never allow cerned, the death penalty was in Protestantism to set its foot in operation against any apostate Turkey." "And I, sir," was the from that faith. True, there were simple answer, "may tell you that times when the Government was the Lord Jesus Christ, who is my lax in the application of this meas- Master, will never ask the Tsar of ure, and some were allowed to be- all the Russias where He may set come Christians, and were even His foot." baptized. But the Sheriat, or re- Sultan Abdul Medjid, who came ligious law, required that they be to the throne in 1839, was a more put to death, and this was never liberal ruler, but his edicts of tol- abrogated until Turkey put aside eration at first made little differ- the religious law and adopted the ence in the bitter attitude of the law of other nations. For this rea- Armenian and Greek Patriarchates son Christian work among the toward those evangelically in- Turks themselves was very slow in clined. These persons still re- making an impression. mained members of the ancient churches as no Protestant organi- That was a day of very dim rezation had been formed. In fact, ligious light. Illiteracy was frightthe clearly stated policy of the mis- fully prevalent among all the races. Very few knew how to read, and scarcely any women. While the sionaries had been to form no new wealthiest class in all the Ottoman church, but to try by every friend- Empire were the Armenian bank- ly approach to help the clergy of ers, their wealth did not bring with the old churches to reform the cor- it any large amount of culture.

rupt practices and insufficient The value of human life was not teachings of those bodies, particu- highly estimated. Slaves, white larly by giving them the Bible in more often than black, were openly the language of the common peo- sold on the streets; and instances ple. It was only after long-con- were not rare where a poor man tinued and bitter persecution had would sell his own child in public.

culminated in the casting out by How different it is today? Since violent anathema of those who the compulsory introduction of the loved and read the Bible, so that new Turkish alphabet, everybody everyone was warned not to give between six and sixty has been them employment, help, shelter, or commanded to go to school to learn even food, that in self-defense these modified Latin letters. Those these outcasts were compelled in who failed to pass their examina- 1846, fifteen years after Goodell's tion are sent back for fUrther arrival, to organize into a new study. By no means everyone has ecclesiastical body, and seek the learned, especially in the country protection of the Ottoman Govern- districts, but it is some change for ment. The First Evangelical the people to have 10070 literacy Church of Constantinople, of forty as their distinct goal.

members, was followed by thirty One of the first duties of the other organized churches in the early missionaries to Turkey was next ten years, so rapidly did the the preparation of translations of

the Bible in the various spoken lan- latest work in this line being a new guages. A version in modern translation into modern spoken Greek existed, but had to be re- Turkish which is being issued in vised. In Armenian there was separate books in the Latinized nothing. A Hebrew-Spanish ver- Turkish alphabet. The four Gossion was one of the monuments of pels have already appeared and are the life of W. G. Schauffler. In being rapidly bought; the Acts is Turkish, the translation made in in progress. 1666 by Ali Bey, a man of Polish origin, had existed till 1819 only in The advance in Turkish liberal manuscript at Leyden; but Wil- thinking well-nigh takes one's liam Goodell brought with him to breath away. Not only have sev- eral Turkish translations of the NEW TURKI!;H WOMEN IN A CO-EDUCATIONAL, ilIISSION SCHOOL, ISTANBUL Constantinople the newly printed Koran appeared (till now consid- Turkish version of the New Testa- ered too sacred to be rendered ment he had made in Beirut and from the Arabic), but the Angora Malta, with the help of two devout Government has brought out a Armenian assistants. The Old Turkish translation of Ludwig's Testament he completed soon after "Life of Christ," and has allowed his arrival; but it was years be- the exhibition of the movie film, fore this was put into the Arabic "The King of Kings," under its characters then employed by the Turkish title of "The Life of Jesus." Turks. The Armenian translation, In this, as well as other ways, we by Dr. Elias Riggs, followed soon, see the passing of the era of faand later the Bulgarian. All these naticism. The present regime is strongly nationalistic, so much so have been repeatedly revised, the

that nationalism has become a and Prussia aided the Ottoman veritable religion. But in matters armies against Russia. A mere of faith, the present attitude is catalogue of the wars of the cen- rather that of indifferentism. The tury would be long. Each one giving of religious instruction to brought extra and special duties the young, under the age of six- and opportunities to the Christian teen, is forbidden; but this is missionaries to show the spirit of rather to prevent any anti-na- the Master, in relieving suffering tionalistic tendency than to safe- and want, caring for refugees and guard Islam. In fact, the teaching orphans, distributing Scriptures to of Islam to non-Moslem children is those who would take them. It just as much forbidden as is Chris- also not seldom brought privations, tianity. The former statement of isolation, suffering, and sometimes the Constitution, that Islam was danger and death to Christ's mes- the religion of the country, has sengers. But each has in the end been stricken out of the document. contributed to the opening of new Where formerly, on being asked doors and to freeing the minds of what he was, the average Turk people from narrowing prejudice would say: "Thank God, I am a and illogical hatred. Today the op- Moslem," today he will respond portunities for presenting the simply: "I am a Turk." 'spirit and message of Christ to all The century of missionary work the peoples of this land are widen- in Constantinople has been amid ing daily.

wars and rumors of war. Between It is useless to speculate on 1832 and 1839 came the great re- whether another year, or ten years, volt of Mohammed Ali, Viceroy of will grant greater freedom to the Egypt, when his son-in-law and representatives of our Master. We general, Ibrahim Pasha, repeatedly have today all the freedom we defeated the Turkish troops and need; and it is more to the point invaded nearly all of Asia Minor. to recall that our own opportunity Only European intervention pre- is today, not tomorrow; we may vented a Turkish catastrophe. not be alive tomorrow, or next Twenty years later came the Cri- year. Will the churches in America mean War, when England, France aid us to do our best now?

DEPRESSION AND SPIRITUAL VALUES A FRIEND of missions recently said: "I am interested in Chris- tian stewardship as the only road 1 can see to a new economic order. Much of the wealth of America is in the hands of church members, and certainly enough of it is in these hands to accomplish any purpose for God's Kingdom to which our hearts are set. There is nothing more certain than that the Kingdom of God can never come on this earth until the conscience of the Church has been stirred on this matter of property and income. Never has there been a time when membership in a church dedicated to the establishment of the Kingdom of God among men has involved greater responsibilities or been fraught with more difficulties both of thought and action."

A CHINESE MARKET TOWN

BY THE REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, D.D., Tsinan, China Author 01 uChina From 1Vf.thin./' Etc.

W ITH an older missionary I young missionary can only butt his had been traveling for sev- brains out to no purpose against eral weeks, knowing little those stone walls of hoary custom. of the language and getting my We had gone to the Post Office first taste of country itineration. and had found no letters, and were In many places there was nothing about to step out upon the street that could be called a real road, when we encountered a Chinese. only a narrow path for donkeys He would have attracted attention and barrows; in others the deep anywhere. Tall, venerable appear- muddy ruts were a sight to behold. ing, elegantly dressed, he looked as I did not know the names of the if he might have been the brother villages; had no idea where we of Li Hung Chang. His whole at- were going, or what we would titude was one of command. But meet when we arrived. Our pro- more than that, the keen intelli- visions were about exhausted. gence of his face, with the benevo- One cold spring day we arrived lent expression-not too common at a market town and put up in in a heathen I and – especially an inn that seemed to be "the piqued my interest. In conversalimit" of repulsiveness. There was tion we soon learned that he was no guest chamber, and we slept the great man of that market town on the public kang, devoted to a and that he had a son, an only son, miscellaneous lot of guests. The for whom, as he proudly said, he loafers hung on waiting to see us had purchased an office in Chi-Ii get ready for bed. Province. He owned much of the The next morning even my com- place, and was very deferentially panion, though innured to incon- treated.

venience and hardship, seemed to Dreading the return to our shabthink that certain things had about by inn, I was not loath to accept reached their limit. For the first the courteous invitation to his time on the trip he called up our home, which we found, with all its cook and hinted a mild protest: courts and rooms, occupied ground "This water in which you have about an acre in extent. Chinese been washing our clothes smells heathenism, though much married, pretty bad. Can you not find any has no home. It was an establish- cleaner?" "But," answered the ment for himself and his concucook ingratiatingly, "You h a v e bines. In the guest room we saw been drinking this w ate r here. many indications of wealth. There Surely a cloth cannot be more par- were foreign clocks and foreign ticular than a stomach!" I no- gimcracks of every sort that Westticed that he was using a big stone ern traders had pressed upon him, trough of the inn yard in which or that fancy had prompted him to the animals were fed, as a wash add to his miscellaneous collection.

tub for our clothes. But what was A fine foreign bicycle was there– the use of remonstrating? A no one to ride it; also a German 902 stove that was without piping. the use of a large yard and house Things were covered with dust, for a school and church building. and thrown around in orderless That day after the meeting he reconfusion. It was more like a marked that he was glad he had lumber room than a place of phys- the privilege of putting his propical comfort. For such an estab- erty to such a use as that-considlishment is truly ignorant of what erable admission for a Confuit is to know the fine and tasteful cianist. touch of the hand of Christian woman, queen of her own home. There came a time when I learned that he was sick and ear- But what most surprised me was nestly desired to see me. He had to hear him say, "I have enter- been ill a month and lay quite still tained some of the older mission- and weak on his kang. After oraries. I consider them my friends, dering refreshments for us, he told and would be pleased to entertain us how his life was a failure; how, you !" It did not take me long to despite his successful investments decide that I would enjoy putting in real estate, with many profitable my folding cot into one of those returns, his heart was heavy and relatively high-ceilinged, c I e a n- unsatisfied; how he dreaded the walled, brick-floored rooms, opening into the attractive little court future; how his sins loomed very planted with shrubbery. Above all, large; it was right to confess the place was inaccessible to the Christ, but that he had not the hungry eyes of a ceaselessly star- moral courage to take the step in ing crowd. Our host insisted upon the face of his household and clan. giving us a feast and feast-like His distress was increased because food. We talked the Jesus doc- he knew that he ought to take the trine to him and found that he had step! He asked us to pray for him known of it for some time; but he that he might be given strength. was far from ready to decide for On a later trip he called us Christ. The world, with all its again, and his first words, after cares, too heavily encumbered him. It was another case of "choked the welcome were: "I have had a with riches." dream." Now an Occidental who has not gotten something of a During the years that followed, spiritual insight into the Oriental I came repeatedly to that town for is apt to think of these dreams of special meetings. The Christians the Oriental as nonsense. But had established a church there. dreams sometimes play a tremen- The kindly faced old patrician al- dous part in the decision-making ways insisted on my being his and even in the life-changing of guest, and on each visit I talked an Oriental. For example, there with him about Jesus Christ. I is a man, an elder and evangelist gave him the best Chinese Bible in my field, who was a notorious that I could find, which he prom- wine manufacturer, drinker and ised to read. He began .occasionally gambler. Then he had a dream in to meet with us, the first time when which he saw the mouth of hell on we gathered to partake of the the surface of the great plain Lord's Supper. He seemed visibly where he lives yawning open, and affected by this simple but solemn a mountain of flame leaping out. service. He had earlier given us Towards that flame, as drawn by a magnet, he saw a multitude of

people out of his own and the sur- we knew it was through the work rounding villages, rushing as fast of the old man) to buy at a greatly and as hard as they could; and he reduced price a large, roomy build- himself, in as mad a frenzy of ir- ing with considerable land around rational passion as the rest, also it, the plant located on a conven- running as hard as he could to- ient, near-by street. This would ward that fiery pit, to be engulfed be quite adequate for the needs of in its relentless, all-devouring the local organization, both as a depths. When he awoke from that worshipping place and a school- dream he gave up evil and became house; but our funds were inade- a Christian. quate. These the old man quietly Old Wan said, "I dreamed last helped to supply.

night that I saw H ea v e nand Shortly after, the Chinese pastor Jesus Christ, the Stainless Judge and elder at his urgent request, ("Stainless Judge" means much in made him a visit. Scarcely had a land of notorious official corrup- the w 0 r d s of salutation been tion) standing in the midst of it, passed, when he said eagerly: "I and He showed me a vision of hell wish to be examined for baptism."

with all its torment and the mul- In the course of the examination titudinous eyil things therein. The his head wife and some of his wom- Lord of all beings spoke: 'Which en folk came in, and realizing what do you choose?' and I replied: was in his mind, tried to persuade Lord, I am sick of my sin, and if him that he was not ready to take you can forgive me, I want to be- the step he contemplated. Firmly long to you. Then He graciously he waved them aside and in solemn said, 'I accept you; but you your- tones ordered them not to interfere self do not want to come empty with his fixed determination. His handed. Though you are almost a conviction of Christ was clear and burned out candle, you can still do sincere; and there upon the kang, something for me.' In fear and he was baptized and partook of with great sorrow, I asked: 'Lord, the Lord's Supper, for the first what can a burned out candle do?' and last time.

And He said: 'I will not call you A few days later he died, having 'to Myself now, but will wait a made peace with his Maker. His month, and you shall know what heathen family, greatly disturbed you can do.''' over his rash conduct, sought to Some forty people, members of ward off the curse that offended his clan, had united wit h the deities might bring down upon church. The building loaned by them, by giving him a grand fu- old Wan had for some time been neral – wherein was see n the used solely for school purposes and longest procession, the heaviest or- another, more accessibly located on nate coffin, with the greatest num- the main street, had been loaned ber of bearers, the most beautiful by a Christian merchant. But his banners, the m 0 s t bewildering business was there; the quarters variety of made-up animals and were full and the place was avail- giants and goblins, and the cost- able only at nights and on the Sab- liest offerings of placatory gifts to, bath. We greatly needed a church gods who could harm, that has building. Suddenly there came to been known in the memory of the us an unexpectedly fine offer, (and town.

BECOME

BY THE REV. JOHN STUART CONNING, D.D., New York N o STATEMENT is more fre- one Domus Conversorum to care quently made by Jewish for Jews who had become identified leaders when referring to with the cause of Christ. Rev. Christian missionary effort in be- J. F. de Ia Roi, a careful statishalf of their people than that it tician, estimated that 224,000 Jews is ineffective and almost wholly during the nineteenth century enbarren in results. Ridicule is tered the Christian churches of heaped upon those who seek in any Europe and America. And this in way to win Jews to the disciple- spite of the fact that very meagre ship of Christ. Attempts have even efforts were put forth in their bebeen made to estimate in pounds half. Such a result is greater by or dollars the high cost of "making far than was reported from any a bad Jew into a worse Christian." other part of the world's mission Unfortunately there are Christians field. A quarter of a million conwho in ignorance of the facts re- verts from ten millions of Jews is peat the assertions. a vastly greater result than three million converts from one thou- The fact is that from the begin- sand million heathen. In one case ning Jews in varying numbers the proportion is one in forty, in have, often at great cost, yielded the other one in three hundred. wholehearted allegiance to Christ. The results of Christ's brief per- In our own day there is a dissonal ministry have generally been tinct movement toward Christianunderestimated. We hear of the ity among Jews in certain parts of hundred and twenty in the upper Europe. Sir Leon Levison, presi- room, but forget the tens of thou- dent of the World's Hebrew Chrissands who came under His sway, tian Alliance, after a personal and who later formed the Christian investigation of what is going on, synagogues which were scattered wrote: "The age of miracles has over Judea and Galilee. In the not gone by. Ninety-seven thou- Christian churches of apostolic ori- sand Jews in Hungary alone aegin many thousands 'of Jews were cepted the Christian faith, in included. The "strangers" to whom Vienna seventeen thousand, in Po- Peter refers in his epistle were land thirty-five thousand, and in without doubt Jews of the disper- Bolshevic Russia sixty thousand sion who had become followers of Jews became Christians. We also Christ. The existence of an "Epis- found Jews turning to Christ in tIe to the Hebrews" bears convinc- Germany, Sweden and Denmark. mg testimony to the wide exten- Not a few have done likewise in sion of Christianity among the Great Britain." In America a care- Jews of the period. ful estimate places the number of Christians of the Jewish race at And since apostolic times there not less than twenty thousand. has been no age that has not seen many Jews owning the Messiah- Dr. Arthur Ruppin, the Jewish ship of Jesus. In the thirteenth pUblicist, whose bias is certainly century England had more than not toward Christianity, in look- 905

ing over the entire Jewish field tacts with Christianity. The dis- declares: "Even allowing for the appearance of the ghetto and pale, thousands and tens of thousands and the freerer associations of who succumbed to persecution, Ju- modern times are gradually wear- daism today should be stronger ing away the old antagonisms and than it is by millions and tens of bringing about a new state of mind millions, were it not for the con- more favorable to a consideration tinuous secession to Christianity." of the claims of Christianity. Jews Nor must we forget the high today are open-minded as they character of many Jews who have have not been for many genera- cast in their lot with the Christian tions. They are reading the New Church, since the days of Peter Testament and other Christian lit- and James and John and Paul. erature, listening to messages over What other mission field has pro- the radio, and occasionally visit- duced a list of distinguished indi- ing Christian churches. Most revoviduals that can be compared with lutionary of all is the changing atconverts among the Jews? We titude toward Jesus. Whereas for think of men in the nineteenth cen- long centuries His name was never tury like Dr. Paulus Cassel, Dr. Al- mentioned by reputable Jews, tofred Edersheim, Bishop Hellmuth, day He is widely acclaimed as a the HerscheIls, the Mendlesshons, prophet and as one to whom Jews the Margoliouths, Dr. Capadose, should give heed. Adolph Saphir, Joseph Rabinowitz, Do Jews become Christians? David Baron, Louis Meyer and Yes, always. Wherever Christ is hundreds of others. In America we fairly interpreted with sympathy think of men like Isidor Loewen- and understanding there is an enthal, the pioneer missionary to couraging response. If the results Afghanistan, who translated the have not been greater, the fault Scriptures into the Pushtu tongue lies mainly with the Christian for the people of that land, and of Church which has seldom been con- Bishop Schereschewsky who trans- cerned for the spiritual welfare of lated the Scriptures into Wenli for the Jews. Rarely has the Gospel the four hundred millions of China. been given a fair chance. Preju- But for possible embarrassment it dice, bigotry, injustice, and ill-will would be easy to mention many have too often hidden the face of prominent Christians from among Christ from· His people. But a the Jews of our own generation. brighter day is dawning. The Speaking of recent converts, Sir Church is gradually awakening to Leon Levison says: "Among the a sense of her responsibility. The men and women who have come bringipg of work for the Jews out from Jewry for Christ there within the program of the Interare many who hold university de- national Missionary Council gives grees, doctors of law, medicine, promise of a larger and fuller servphilosophy, science, literature, etc." ice than has hitherto been possible.

Nor should we fail to consider Over this long neglected field the the indirect results of Jewish con- day at last is breaking.

LAWYER'S CHRlSTIAN SCHOOL AT HADAPSAR, POONA

A REMARKABLE INDIAN LAWYER J. P. Bunter, B.A., LL.B., and His Labors of Love for Indian Farmers BY THE REV. D. A. YARDI, B.A., Poona, India I NDIA is a land of marvels, gious awakening among Indian especially in regard to her Christians is that Christian laystoried past and her record of men are becoming more and more lives of devotion and self-sacrifice. alive to their responsibility for the The spiritual life of the people of evangelization of India. Some India has been marked by heights years ago a National Missionary and depths that lead those who Society was formed and its first have the prophetic vision to see Secretary has now become the in the years to come promise of a Bishop of Dornakal. This Indian religious life even greater than Christian movement has spread that which history records. If the and has led to the foundation of Spirit of Christ can take possession Christian Ash ram s in various of the people of India, the latter . parts of the country. It has also glory of this ancient land will be led to the establishment of Chris- greater than any the former days tian schools by Indians. One of these was Miss Susie Sorabji's st. have seen.

The signs of this coming' day are Helena School for Girls in Poona already appearing on the horizon. and another outstanding example The people of the higher castes are is the Christian school of the late being slowly but surely led to see J. P. Bunter, an Indian barrister, in the Lord Jesus Christ India's in the same district. rightful guru and King. Many are Hadapsar is a large village, of beginning to realize that they can only attain pure individual char- nearly 7,000 inhabitants, about five aeter and true nationhood as the miles from Poona, the ancient capfollowers of the crucified and risen ital of the Pashwas. The school was started fifty years ago under Redeemer. the management of Miss Bernard, One of the effects of this reli- a missionary of the Church of Scot- 907

land. In 1913, when Miss Bernard thoughts behind the present diffiretired, the school was handed over culties to the great purpose behind to J. P. Bunter, a public prose- all our work-the driving purpose cutor and an ex-member of the behind all he undertook." Bombay Legislative Council. In his hands the school underwent a He was an ardent student of the great transformation. From be- Bible which to him was the living ing an idea it became an ideal; Word of God. It was the rock on from a mere educational project which he raised the structure of his life; all other knowledge to THE LATE J. P . BUNTER, B.A., LL.D. him was shifting sand. As the in- spiration received from Bible study it became prophetic of the future led other Inaian saints such as Indian Church. Pandita Ramabai and Sad h u Sundar Singh to work for the J. P. Bunter was the son of an Master in a way that has cast a Indian minister of the United Free halo of glory round their lives, so Church of Scotland and after grad- it led Mr. Bunter along that path uating from Deccan College,' he of self-sacrificing achievement that studied law and was admitted to resulted in the development of the the bar. He was a keen and able remarkable Christian educational lawyer and was awarded the institution at Hadansar. Dr. Ken- Kaiser-I-Hind medal. yon L. Butterfield, Counsellor on Rural Work, who came from Amer- Though by profession a lawyer, ica to India to study rural mission Mr. Bunter was, by vocation, one problems at the request of the Inof God's chosen evangelists. He ternational Missionary Council, realized fully the high calling to says of this Hadapsar school: which he had been called and, as one who knew him well, writes: This is one of the most promising "In every business talk he touched enterprises for helping village life on higher things – lifting one's that I have seen in India. I hope it can be developed as a great centre of light and leading for the whole group of adjoining villages. The village peo- ple are cooperating wonderfully. The Church is central as it should be. There is also the purpose for a wide range of helpful service. I hope it may prosper exceedingly.

In his recent book on "The Chris- tian Mission in Rural India," Dr. Butterfield, who is a Christian sociologist of high rank, remarks: It is not the Christian institutions of the western world that are to be imported into India, but the Christian spirit distilled from the life and teach- ings of Jesus Christ, and adapted and applied to the social purpose, the or- ganizations, and the policies of Indian social statesmanship in order to en- able this marvelous but beleaguered

A REMARKABLE INDIAN LAWYER

land of India, as it awakens, to play High civil, judicial and ecclesiits new rOle on the world's stage, the astical dignitaries, including the social pattern of the whole to be "es- Viceroy of India, the Governor of sentially Indian." Bombay, the President of the Bom- bay Legislative Council, the Bishop In some measure this is what the of Bombay, High Court judges and Christian school at Hadapsar has other Government officials, as well been attempting. as important commissions, such as . the Simon Commission, mission- The buildings, as Mr. Bunter aries, and merchants, have visited had planned them, were to consist the place and have unanimously of a school, a dispensary, a Church expressed their admiration of the Hall, and a library. There was work. It has also attracted the atalso to be a model hamlet for which tention of the leading newspapers land has been secured not far from of Western India. Lord Irwin, the school. The total cost of the after visiting the school, said: project was to be about $70,000, of which Mr. Bunter had received I was delighted to have an oppor- $40,000, a large proportion of tunity of paying even a flying' visit which was willingly donated by to this school, and of seeing somenon-Christians. All the leading thing of the work and of the spirit in men of the village today were once which it is carried on…… Most boys in the school, and the coopera- warmly do I wish it all success. tive society of the village, which is in a very flourishing condition, is Work of this nature among the conducted entirely by former stu- agriculturist class has great posdents of the school. The villagers sibilities for the Indian Church for have refused to have any liquor the agriculturists are the "steel shop in their village and many of frame" of India's vast population. them contribute out of gratitude to the annual expenses and to the Their entrance into the Christian fund for new buildings. fold will mean a new era in Indian Christianity, a new chapter in Very definite Christian teaching India's religious history. With is given in the school during the their advent problems of self-supweek and on Sundays which are set port will vanish and also the probapart for the study of the Word of lem of the Christian Mass Move- God and prayer. The beautiful ment. They will help the depressed chapel has a seating capacity for classes to find their rightful place about three hundred people. in the economy of village life. The poverty – stricken community of The position of the school is Christians, virtually ignored by strategic, for within a radius of the Government and despised by two miles there are seven villages their own countrymen, may then (including Hadapsar) and a total become a strong Christian compopulation of 40,000, and the vil- munity gaining their support from lagers are eager to send their chil- the land and not dependent on fordren to this institution. Com- eign mission charity. pulsory education, if put into effect, would make it necessary to The work undertaken by Mr. provide accommodation for 600 Bunter at Hadapsar is an example boys and girls from Hadapsar of what an Indian layman can do alone. and is worthy of support of all

Christians who have vision and school is first of all a Christian :faith. Now he has been called to school where pupils are taught the lay down this work at the age of Bible as well as other branches of fifty-eight. It is left for others to learning and are brought into livcarry forward to completion. ing contact with Jesus Christ. The school buildings were reared, as it The late Rev. W. C. Whiteside, were, on his knees and they bear for many years C. M. S. missionary eloquent testimony to the power of at Poona, said: "To me the work prayer and to the indomitable at Hadapsar seems prophetic of faith of God's devoted servant. the extension of the Kingdom of Prayer was the secret of his own Christ among the farming com- SOME OF THE TEACHERS AND SCHOLARS AT HADAPf:AR munity which is the bodily frame victorious life, the secret of which of the great country of India. he tried to impart to others. Until this great community has been brought under the inspiration The legal talents of Mr. Bunter of the Gospel, India's contribution were also readily placed at the to the Kingdom of Heaven will not service of others. A missionary be complete…… The work at who knew him for thirty years Hadapsar may prove to be one of writes: "For over twenty-seven the scarce, noted beginnings of a years we took to him all our legal mighty conversion of a mighty troubles, and never could he be incommunity." duced to take a rupee from us. After he had worked for years on The evangelization of these peo- some of our land troubles, necessiple became a passion with Mr. tating many visits to court and Bunter, and he bent all his energies much office work, I said to him: and resources to educating these hardy tillers of the soil. The "Do give us a bill for some of this work at least."

AFRICAN DRUMS AND THEIR USES

"Do you really feel that I should type, India would more quickly be give you a bill?" he replied. "If won for Christ and the independyou wish that I will do so." ence of the Indian Church would be less a subject for discussion at Reaching into his pocket he took mission conferences. By his death out a fifty rupee note and said, missions have lost a true friend, "Here is a bill if you must have one the Indian Church one of its most -put it into the orphanage." devoted sons, the Christian com- munity a spiritual leader of rare "I will never ask you again for merit, and the agricultural classes another bilI," I said, "as long as I an effective worker for their highlive." est welfare.

Mr. Bunter was not of the ob- Remember in prayer the work structive, criticizing, sneering, ob- begun and carried on by this detrusive type of Christian layman, voted servant of God and his but was in hearty sympathy with equally devoted wife, a work which the leading objects of the Christian ministry. While he devoted the he has been called upon to relinmajor part of his time to people quish before he could place it on outside the Church, he recognized a firm financial basis. Pray earnthe claims of the Church not only estly that help may be given by on his time but also on his purse, other Christian stewards in Amerand he laid whatever talents God ica or India to finish the work, and had given him at the feet of his that the people for whom J. P. Master to be used for the further- Bunter so selflessly labored may ance of His cause. If the Church be won to the Lord Jesus Christ. were blessed with more men of this AFRICAN DRUMS AND THEIR USES * BY REV. A. E. VOLLOR, Arua, Western Nile District, Uganda A:RICA is a land of drums. in a small round hole in the hut, or The rhythmic throb of the near by. The relatives stand big drum and the fascinating around in a rough circle, the womroll of the small ones that stir the en clapping hands in unison as they whole district at home, communi- wail out their sorrow. One of the cating itself to the feet or fingers, men may be tapping the drum. is the same in Africa. But there is There is the regular rise and fall a difference. There is no pleasure of the voices as one of their number in the African dance drum, but pours out her grief and the rest rerather terror. peat it in a kind of chant.

The grandeur of the dawn is On the morrow the dance begins. spoiled by the wail of the death cry. The death of a child is not much Someone has died and the cry tells considered, but many gather to of the agony of those who have no dance for one who has taken his hope, that are beset only by the share in the life of the tribe. The powers of evil. During the morn- more important the person the biging the body of the one who has ger the dance and the longer it died is buried in a sitting position lasts. People from all the clan col- lect. The chief mourners are • From Inland Africa.

daubed with white clay from head Often cow-skin is used, but the ear to foot. All the men are decked of an elephant is most sought after ,with cowriex shells and feathers because of 'its elasticity and duraand carry spears, bows and arrows. bility. The drums are of all sizes. Drums are placed in the center and Some are about as long and as beat practically incessantly for a broad as a man, others are three whole day, sometimes for several. or four feet high and nearly three The drum beats out a monotonous feet broad. They look very neat thrumming, the women and girls with thongs of different colors. At clap their hands, the sad chant con- the court of Uganda, on occasions tinues, while the whole assembly as many as twenty or twenty-five jog up and down, without lifting are beaten in harmony. One is their feet from the ground. The never complete by itself. noise of the dance largely drowns the voices except at intervals when In the Northern Congo, part of the song rises almost to a shout, or a tree trunk is shaped with a somewhen a change of drummers is what flat top and legs underneath 'made and the chanting and clap- the body. It is then hollowed, leavping is heard alone. ing surfaces on which to beat. Sometimes projections are left to Constantly throughout the day form seats for the drummers. men run out of the circle singly or These wooden drums give out a in pairs; fiercely poising their SUrprising amount of sound. spears and then throwing them at some evil spirit discerned in the Not all the drums in Africa are grass, they quietly return and used for heathen dances. On the others in turn go out. Arua Mission Station we use drums to call the people together They keep this up throughout for worship. Owing to the number the hot day till evening when beer of the meetings we sound different is served. Thoroughly exhausted, beats for different purposes, and they spend the evening in beer also have introduced a gong-acdrinking. It is well that night tually part of the wheel of a railfalls over the repulsive scene. way truck. It may not be as tune- ful as a bell but the sound is not The sound of the drum carries disagreeable. far in this land, and since on moonlight nights they continue till All through the week our drums morning, it is seldom that there is call men, women and children to no dance drum to be heard. school, Gospel meetings, catechism and Bible classes. On Sunday the The African is beset by evil spir- day breaks to the crash of drums. its in every circumstance and every Then the gong sounds for prayer. action. More than all he fears After the prayer meeting the sickness and death. He discerns Christians go out into the villages the hand of the evil one all around to invite others to the Gospel meetbut he does not know of the One ing. The drums call the people to who delivered us from so great a come and listen to the Old Old death, and doth deliver, in whom Story. Again the drum calls the we trust that He will yet deliver. villagers to Sunday school when native Christians instruct six hun- The drums of this part of Africa dred of their own people in the are hollowed sections of trees cov- Way of Life. ered top and bottom with skins, laced to each other by thongs.

STRENGTHEN THE HOME BASE *

D URING the past year, Dr. Christian civilization upon non- John R. Mott has spent much Christian thought and life will of his time visiting virtually never be christianized. "Only as all the mission boards of North men in business, commerce and America, the British Isles and finance, in the diplomatic and con- Scandinavian countries; attending sular service, in army and navy, in a chain of over thirty conferences exploration and engineering, in the of carefully selected groups of many other secular walks of life, leading students, both men and and travellers in their countless so- women, of the universities of these cial contacts-only as these lay- countries, and collaborating in men, by example, by advocacy and many gatherings of representative by every other exercise of their in- laymen of Europe and America. fluence, commend and illustrate the Fresh from these wide and varied Gospel of Christ can the Christian contacts and with an experience faith fully permeate modern life.

extending qver an average life- Such examples constitute one of time as a background, Dr. Mott the mightiest of all apologetics to analyses the present condition of discerning followers of non-Chris- the "Home Base" and makes some tian faiths."

definite suggestions for strengthen- But perhaps the most important ing it. necessity for enlisting laymen in Lay forces must be put to work. this undertaking is the fact that a Missionary societies have too few pagan home base cannot build a laymen under forty years of age Christian civilization in mission on their man a gin g boards. lands. "That is, if Christians of Younger men of business experi- Europe and America are to be of ence are needed to develop a "de- largest helpfulness in Asia and pendable financial base" and to Africa in the conflict with the opium conduct "this complex, world-wide curse, the drink evil, the traffic in undertaking" along sound business women and children, forced labor lines. Such active participation of or slavery, commercial exploitation laymen and laywomen of tried and robbery, the cinema at its business judgment, business habits worst and a devitalizing materialand wide business contacts is es- ism or secularism, then it is absosential in "generating confidence lutely necessary that we come to and enlisting the cooperation of closer and more successful grapple multitudes among the millions of with these and other evils in the lay members who today are totally Christian West. This can only be indifferent to the missionary ob- done as the lay forces of all our Christian Churches are called into ligation and challenge." Furthermore, unless I a y men action within the sphere of their everywhere take serious interest daily calling." in the world mission of Christian- The financial position of Chrisity, the impact of our so-called tian missions must be strength- ened. Dr. Mott summarized the • From The Internatio"al Review of Mis· matter as follows: sions.

3 913

We do not share with Christians compartments, rather than usherat home the right up-to-date facts. ing them into the all-inclusive We deal too much in generalities Kingdom of Christ. and by no means sufficiently with the living and the concrete. We We fall short of making real the fail to convey the impression of the vital significance and the congreatness of the undertaking. We science-shaking requirements of present mere fractions in contrast Christ's announced world purpose. with the wide range of wholeness How little we communicate the of the enterprise. We leave people sense of the splendor, the wonder, far too much shut up in narrow the superhuman in it all! "They denominational, national and racial shall speak of Thy Kingdom and talk of Thy power!"

THE GIFT OF KHAMA'S PEOPLE* W HEN the Scottish National special carving. Mr. Pilkington Memorial to David Living- Jackson, the sculptor, has now stone was being prepared at completed the group of figures in Blantyre, Chief Khama's people oak here reproduced. It is called sent £150 from Bechuanaland to "The Last Journey," and will be meet the cost of one of the histori- recognized as commemorating the cal tableaux which are the chief affection and endurance of the delight of visitors to the house. At faithful men who carried Livingthe request of the chief the grant stone's body through many perils was applied to the production of a from Chitambo's village to the East coast of Africa. • From the L. M. Ii. Ohronlc!e.

PART OF CARVING ON THE MEMORIAL TO DAVID LIVINGSTONE, GIVEN BY THE PEOPLE OF THE LATE CHIEF KHAMA ~b' BECHUANALAND

SUNDAR SlNGH AS 1 SAW H1M

BY HARRY W. NISSANKA, Lasaigaon, Nasik, India T WELVE years ago when I by the principal, the Sadhu spoke was only fourteen years old in Urdu, interpreted by Canon and a student at the Baptist Goldsmith, missionary to the Mo- High School at Colombia, I first hammedans in Madras. His text heard reports concerning an In- was, "Vanity of vanities, all is van- dian evangelist, garbed like a ity." This was the only sentence Hindu holy man, and preaching the he uttered in English. As we lis- Gospel of Christ with unusual tened we realized we were at grips power. We heard that miraculous with reality. Here was a message, experiences had attended his min- simplicity itself, which went istry. Then we learned that he was straight to our hearts. How vain, to visit Ceylon and we boys were how unreal, how wicked become on tiptoe keenly awaiting the Sad- the things of life when they fail of hu's coming. Imagine our delight the highest purpose! There was a when one day at chapel, our prin- man, said the Sadhu, who, by dint cipal, the R·ev. H. J. Charter, an- of perseverance, managed to ob- nounced that on the following tain an M.A. degree with honors.

morning Sadhu Sundar Singh was In his student days he was so poor to speak to uf!. that he could not afford an ordi- Long before the time advertised nary bottle lamp of the sort used in for the meeting, the Waldock Me- the poorest households of India, so morial Hall was crowded with an he collected a number of little fire- expectant audience of over three flies, tied them up in a piece of hundred. Minutes of waiting thin cloth, and by their light read seemed hours, so anxious were we his lessons and wrote his exercises.

to catch a glimpse of the man He was amply rewarded for his whose labors and sufferings for industry for in course of time he Christ had so thrilled our hearts. rose to be prime minister of a na- At length we heard the buzzing of tive state. But he had forgotten a motor car, and a tall, graceful the one thing needful. He had left figure draped in saffron robe, ad- God out of account. He became ill vancing with an elastic step to- and was at death's door. The Sad- wards the dais. hu was sent for. But the man The effect was electrical. Per- passed away into the unknown feet stillness fell upon the audience, with a cry of despair on his lips.

as though a vision from another "What was the use," asked the world had suddenly burst upon us. Sadhu, "of all his education when There was nothing fanatical in his God was left out of his life?"

appearance. On the other hand, His talk abounded in illustra- his countenance bespoke a holy tions. His parables and anecdotes calmness and gravity, radiating pointed di~ectIy to his chief lesson the glow of a perpetual communion and enforced it. He did not speak with the Saviour. long-not more than twenty-five After the hymn, "Let us with a minutes. But every word told. It gladsome mind praise the Lord for was like an arrow that pierced the He is kind," and a prayer offered heart with conviction.

915

At the close of the meeting, "I shall not occupy your time with everyone crowded around the Sad- useless talk about what I have seen hu to shake hands. Superstitious- and heard in my travels. The ly I pressed through the throng Apostle Paul says, 'Pray without and touched the end of his saffron ceasing.'" Then he began a most scarf, hoping to be benefited there- evangelical sermon on prayer.

by. But spiritual power is not ob- I still remember two of his illus- tained in that way. trations. The mother slaps her Two years passed away. Sadhu baby on its back to make it cry, Sundar Singh had visited Europe, and by crying expand its lungs so America and Australia; and on his that it may breathe more freely.

return to India must needs pass Just so the Lord smites us some- through Colombo. He was to times and we may cry out, but thus spend a few hours until the de- we learn to breathe more freely of parture of the train to India. A the atmosphere of heaven, prayer.

meeting was advertised at the Communion with God means God Tower Hall (on September 20, in us and we in God. Yet this does 1920 at 6 P. M.), one of the larg- not destroy our individuality. If est auditoriums in the city. The the iron is in the fire, there will place was cn~wded and I sat in the soon be fire in the iron. But the gallery at the farther end of the iron does not become fire, and the hall. The Sadhu entered, accom- fire does not become iron. At the panied by a number of clergymen end of the address someone asked and other Christian workers and him to what denomination he be- we sang the hymn, "0 for a closer longed. He replied: "I am a walk with God." After a few in- simple Christian. I belong to no troductory remarks by the chair- denomination. Denominationalism man, the Sadhu was called upon to is quarrelism."

speak. He was still the same * * * >I< * simple man we had seen two years before. Only this time he spoke In the disappearance of Sadhu in English. He told us that in the Sundar Singh while on his way to providence of God he had been Tibet Christianity has lost one of privileged to bear his testimony to its greatest practical exponents.

Christ's saving power in Europe, Lost? Nay, not so; for his ex- America and Australia. He said: ample will continue to live.

THE STORY OF MISS TSAI OF CHINA AS TOLD BY HERSELF M y FATHER had twenty-two We could have almost anything we children. He had two wives wished. Our home was large and· and a concubine and his po- had beautiful gardens with an sition was next to that of the gov- abundance of flowers and a lake ernor of the province. He was a in the grounds. As a young girl, man of wealth and of good char- I spent most of my time playing acter. Our household numbered Ma J ongg and drinking wine, payabout sixty, counting the servants ing a good deal of attention to fine -and each small child had a nurse. clothes. I loved my father and he

THE STORY OF MISS TSAI OF CHINA

loved me and gave me many pleas- book with me and held it inside ures, taking me every week to a my Bible to read during the servtheater. Once when he was very ice. I did not wish to pay any atill, I thought of the old Chinese tention to Bible teaching. One day idea that if the flesh of a child is a celebrated American was to take boiled and given to drink that the the service and my only thought patient will recover, so secretly I in hearing him speak was to learn tried to cut a piece of flesh from new English expressions-for I my arm. I had no idea how diffi- thought, if I am obliged to go, I cult it would be and it sickened will use the time to improve my me as I tried again and again with English and that will be my rea blunt pair of scissors to cut off ward for attending. I realize now a piece, but at last I succeeded and how much prayer was going up for my father really did get well. My me as I studied month after month. arm was very, very sore as I put Gradually the words of the Scripon ashes of incense burned in our tures began to sink into my heart private temple, and tied it up with and I felt anything but happy. a none too clean handkerchief, but I kept my secret for a long time, One day when I went to a servfor part of· this superstition is to ice the pastor said "Why is it that tell no one for a hundred days, some people who have heard the during which time the idols are Gospel over and over again are so implored to take notice of this sac- unhappy?" He drew the comparirifice. It took six months for the son that they were like a tree wound to heal. My father passed which had fallen and lay on the away about a year afterwards and ground, and under it were all manwhile we sUlI had enough of this ner of crawling creatures because world's goods, we were not as they loved to dwell away from the wealthy as before. light in the darkness. One day as I sat in a park, I remembered his I was greatly interested in my words and thought: I will see studies but was told that I would whether or not his words are true, not really be considered educated and moved a large block of wood until I could speak other languages. which was lying on the ground. I learned Latin and English in the There, to my amazement I saw a normal school but as I grew up I serpent wriggling its way out of wished to know more. I inquired the light and numbers of insects where I could learn more English all made uncomfortable by the light and a mission school was recom- shining upon them. It was then mended to me. There I made some that I realized that the Lord Jesus progress but when I wanted to was speaking to me and that I was have a special teacher for English, unhappy in the light He had given the lady, Miss Davis, who offered me because I was still in darkness to help me stipulated that the Bi- of soul. So I went to my room and ble must be the textbook. I said prayed: "Oh God, if there is a that I would rather study some God, help me." Then God met me other book for I was not interested and the light came into my life. in the Bible, but she was firm and so we began. I would not attend From that day I knew Christ as prayers until I found it was re- my Saviour and soon after made quired and then I took another a public confession and was bap- tized. I had not spoken to my par-

ents of my new experience but drag our family name into the asked a friend to write and tell dust." them because I knew they would be displeased. When I went home I did not get angry, but said a short time afterwards I found "Oh mother, Jesus is more to me my mother weeping and my eight than anything on earth." older brothers (I was one of the younger children), sitting around They wished to betroth me and the room like judges. My eldest my mother opened the treasure brother beat me. My mother con- chest and showed me all the fine tinued weeping day and night, for apparel and jewels I should have a week. I said, "Mother, the Lord upon marriage-but even these Jesus is so much to me that I can- could not supplant Jesus Christ not help but follow Him." I suf- My brothers stilI beat me at times fered much persecution, for my but gradually the Lord worked in brothers felt I had disgraced them their hearts and, one by one, they and often said "Sister, what have turned to Him. My mother became you done?" When I came to the seriously ill and we brought her table and asked a silent blessing to the Friends' Hospital. Miss Leait displeased-my family very much man, another lady and I fasted for and sometimes they were so angry three days after which my mother that they sent me away without a showed signs of relenting. Before mouthful. Often I spoke to them she left the hospital, she accepted about the Lord. He kept my heart the Lord. After that she tried to in peace and kept me from speak- help in the work in every way she ing hastily. When my mother was could. ill and I again asked her if she would believe, she said: "When I A proud sister who lives in am dead and in my coffin, and the Shanghai said: "Do not call yourlid put down, then and only then self a Bible woman, we do not will I believe in Jesus!" want one of our family to be known by that name. I only said "It is After a time, my favorite broth- most honorable to be a Bible womer, who still loved me, wished me an." to teach him Latin. As we sat in one of the summer houses near our "Then I cannot receive you into private temple in which were my home," she answered. scores of idols, large and small, I drew his attention to them telling "I am sorry if you cannot rehim they could not hear as Jesus ceive me but I must serve the Lord did to whom I prayed. Gradually with all my soul and strength," I he came to believe. It was then replied, "and to serve Him is my that my mother suffered most. She greatest joy." said "I cannot bear it, I cannot bear it; it was bad enough when I praise the Lord that now thiryou followed this foreign doctrine ty-one of my family have come to but to have a son of mine believe know the Lord and that He gives it, is too much to endure, I will me strength to tell my sisters of give you away to anyone, into any His great love. kind of home, just so you will not Miss Tsai is now doing fine work and is greatly used of the Lord among Gov- ernment school girls, knowing their trials and difficulties when they come out on the Lord's side. She herself has gone through the experience. Pray for her.

Present War in Europe tion and are open to persuasion

competing claims. This war, ,says Devere Allen in The American Friend, is being "fought The growth of anti-war sentiment in within men's minds; fought in the the Christian churches of England market place, the stock exchange and and America is heartening but in the banking institutions; in the dip- Europe this development has not been lomatic headquarters of the struggling nearly as rapid and widespread. nations; in the chemical and ammunition factories; in the contest to sway What can be done to avert the conmillions of youth toward different sys- flict for which the world seems to be terns; fought between a hundred preparing and rehearsing? minorities and the majorities that Salary Cuts and "No Retreat"

would hold them subject; fought in In these days, when many find that the clash of propaganda issued by their incomes have greatly decreased, clever snipers in pressrooms; fought when multitudes are out of employin the shop, the meeting hall and the ment and when contributions to street between the ruling classes and benevolent objects have been falling the revolutionary proletariat." War- off, it is natural that mission board making attitudes and practices hang executives and office staff should face over the European peoples and are not a reduction in salaries. Probably easily dispelled. none of these salaries are too large, Uppermost in people's minds are when we consider the cost of living and the responsibilities involved. wartime legends rather than the cold, S'ome Boards have adopted a salary real facts about war. Small nationali- ties and minority populations cry for basis so small as to mea'll real sacrifice justice and yet it is difficult to find and a threatened loss in efficiency.

the ideal for them. French rule in There is a wide range in the amount Alsace-Lorraine since the War has not paid missionary executives – from solved the Alsacian problem. The un- $2,500 to $8,000 a year, according to settled situations in other minority the board or society.

groups show the difficulty in adjusting The executives of more than one the status QU()o If the League of Na- mission board have agreed to a ten per cent reduction in their salaries, and a tiO'IIS becomes an instrument for peace- five per cent reduction in the salaries able changes in the status quo, peace paid to members of the clerical staff, will immeasurably be advanced.

Communism and capitalism are wag- rather than make a cut in the missioning war for supremacy in Europe. aries' salaries. The secretaries of the Montague Norman, Governor of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- Bank of England, recently said that sions have voted to inaugurate a sacriunless drastic measures are taken to ficial fund with a view to maintaining save the world, the whole economic the work abroad without reduction. structure will topple in a year. Soviet It is called a "No Retreat Fund." AI- Russia is viewed with a mixture of ready the voluntary contributions to fear and interest. Peace organiza- this fund, from the secretaries, office tions originally militantly opposed to staff and members of the Board, war have assumed a fact-finding func- amount to a considerable sum. Some 919

executives have cheerfully contributed moderator of the General Assembly of ten per cent of their salaries. the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., and president of the Federal Council of The secretaries of any mission board Churches of Christ in America. ca'nnot see the work threatened without concern and the Presbyterian The recent anniversary of Dr. Board has noted with anxiety a de- Speer's secretaryship of the Board of crease of gifts in recent years. If Foreign Missions was a very happy this should continue at the present celebration presided over by Dr. rate (about 9.6 per cent) during the Charles R. Erdman, president, and rest of the year, there would be a brief addresses were given by Dr. deficit of at least $330,000. Such a Lewis S. Mudge, Moderator of the deficit would almost certainly demand General Assembly; Dr. John R. Mott, a "cut" in appropriations for the com- Secretary of the International Mising year with a consequent loss to the sionary Council; Dr. J. Ross Stevenwork. It is already difficult for the son, President of Princeton Theological Christians on the field to support their Seminary; Dr. Arthur J. Brown, for share of the work. All appeals are to thirty-five years a beloved oolleague of be subordinated this year to the major Dr. Speer; and Dr. A. R. Bartholoneeds of the regular budget. This mew, for forty-four years secretary of will leave many urgent calls unan- the Board of Foreign Missions of the swered. Reformed Church in the United States. Expressions of thanksgiving, affection Careful examinatio'n will also be and esteem came from hundreds of made of the entire work, at home and friends and fellow workers in many on the field, to discover whether churches. Dr. Speer and Dr. Stevenfurther savings can be effected and son both called attention to the growth where and how funds can be used of the Foreign Mission enterprise durmore effectively. ing the past forty years. The work under the Presbyterian Board has in- The state of the world challenges creased threefold in the missionaries the Church to an increase of giving supported, and the budget fourfold, and sacrifice. This is a time of crisis while the membership at home has when the Church of Christ should re- doubled. Many missionary forward spond to the call for prayer and for movements have been inaugurated or sacrifice. enlarged during this period, including the Foreign Missions Conference, the Robert E. Speer's Anniversary* Student Volunteer Movement, the Lay- men's Missionary Movement, the Mis- The whole span of the Presbyterian sionary Education Movement and the Board of Foreign Missions has been International Missionary Council, and covered in the lifetime of two honored the Committee ·on Cooperation in secretaries, John C. Lowrie, who Latin America. In all of these Dr. served in the office for the first sixty Speer has had a large and active part. years, and Robert E. Speer, who has just completed forty years in the secre- Interest in Foreign Missions has taryship of the Board. This anniver- greatly increased during this period. sary was observed by a special noonday The spirit of loving and sympathetic prayer meeting conducted by the cler- cooperation at home and on the misical staff in the Board rooms on No- sion field has largely taken the place of vember 2d and by a small reception separatism, criticism and rivalry. Misgiven by the Board on the same after- sionary work has become more diversinoon. fied and specialized and more emphasis is placed on the special training of Dr. Speer has been president of the candidates and on promoting united policy and action through missionary MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD conferences. The world and its prob- for fifteen year·s, and has recently been *This editorial app~ars without the knowledge of Dr. Speer, our president.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

lems have vastly changed in the past What Orientals Think ofAmerica forty years but there are new opportunities .offered and new victories lie T HERE are 3,579 students from the ahead. Now is a time for clearer vi- five principal countries in the Orision, more complete consecration, new ent enrolled in American colleges and courage, more perfect faith, new ad- universities. Adding those who are vances, new struggles, new sacrifices not actually enrolled at this time, the and new triumphs in Christ. total number of the students from the Orient would easily exceed 5,000. Six years more of service as secre- From at least one standpoint, the tary of the Board lie before Dr. Speer presence .of these young men and before his retirement. Since we are women is significant in that upon their on the threshold of a great new era return to their respective countries in which the larger opportunities sum- they will form the class of leadership mon us to new forward movements, in various fields of activity, and they Dr. Mott suggested that when Dr. will be looked upon by their own peo- Speer is released from the responsi- ple as -interpreters of America and of bility of his secretaryship he may well Western civilization. It is important devote himself to helping to promote to know what attitudes these students true religious liberty across the world; are forming toward America and to prom.oting further Christian co- Western culture. operation in thought and action at home and abroad; to awakening and In order to inquire into the problem, enlisting the lay forces in the church; The Korean Student Bulletin sent out to writing the life stories of great a questionnaire to 100 representative Christian leaders and to convincing students from each of the following men of all nations that the claims of countries: China, Japan, Korea, the Jesus Christ are universal, essential Philippine Islands and India. Taken and supreme. We hopefully look for- as a whole, the opinions found in the ward to the coming years in our replies may be regarded as a crossfriend's life with confidence that they section of the Oriental students in will be the richest in service and the America. most fruitful for the Kingdom of God. 1. The first question asked was Look for January "Do you consider America as good a; you thought she was while you were Friends of THE REVIEW will be espe- in your oum country?" To this query, cially interested in the changes that 43 replied negatively, 33 in the affirmare to be made in our January number. ative, and 2 gave no answer. This im- Some of these are quite radical as to plies that more than half think Amerform and contents but we hope they ica to be worse than expected. will make THE REVIEW still more attractive and useful in promoting the The reasons given for unfavorable cause ()f Christ. answers are: No sympathy, no deep faith in Christ, hard to get jobs, race The January articles will present a prejudice, political corruption, moral review of the past year and the out- degeneration, vice, insincerity, disrelook at home and abroad by such writ- spect, materialism, lack of moral and ers as Robert E. Speer, William I. spiritual qualities, lack of law and Chamberlain, Kenneth S. Latourette, order and of opportunity, few Chris- Samuel M. Zwemer, John McDowell, tians, inj ustice, inequality, indiffer- John R. Mott and Arthur J. Brown. ence to religion, and commercialism.' Do not miss the January number. Of these seventeen reasons, race preju- dice stands at the top in frequency, Plans for the coming year make an and lack of spiritual life or materialespecially attractive program which ism comes second. can scarcely fail to prove of great interest and help to everyone interested The favorable replies give the folin the progress of Christianity. lowing reasons: Educational advan-

tages, American idealism, hospitality, Any God-called and Spirit-filled man kindness, friendliness and wealth. or woman may do a wonderful work 2. The second question asked was, in a God-appointed task. It is not "Has your Christian faith been education or talent or physical health strengthened since you came to Amer- or personality, that insures success, it ica?" Thirty-eight replied affirma- is the power of God in the life.

tively, 31 in the negative, 8 stated no Three general types of missions are change had occurred, and 6 gave no conducted by representatives of the answer. The reasons given for favor- Christian Church in foreign lands.

able answers were: Superstition elim- Some of these types change from time inated; learned more of Christianity; to time-a sort of transmutation of Christian culture; contact with good the species.

Christians; atmosphere of American First, there are the general denomi- environment, religious influence, national missions, such as the Church church attendance, feeling of helpless- Missionary Society and the Presbyte- ness, Christian atmosphere at «allege, rian Board, with definite home con- Christian homes, need for r~ligion stituencies, administrative boards at stronger here, learned to take life the home base, and several depart- positively, and personal religion. ments of field work-institutional and The reasons given to account for evangelistic. These societies differ their decreas~ in Christian faith since greatly in the amount and character their arrival are: Lack of real Chris- of their institutional work and in their tian faith, study of social and natural emphasis on evangelism. They gen- sciences, race prejudice, Christian erally build up churches on the field teachings not practiced, narrowmind- with doctrines, government and wor- edness, heavy school work, American ship similar to those in the home land. indifference to Christianity, little con- Second, there are the large non-de- tact with Christians, genuine Chris- nominational or interdenominational tian spirit lacking, church sermons of missions like the Y. M. C. A. and the little value, American churches too Near East colleges, with a le"s de- superficial, unbrotherly attitude of fined home constituency and with more Christians, American environment not administrative responsibilities on the conducive to spiritual growth, hypoc- field. These organizations usually de- risy. materialism, true Christians few. vote thei!' energies to institutional childish controversy over theological work-educational or social. They do dogmas. not form independent churches and, as a rule, do not emphasize evangelism.

Principles of "}'aith Missions" Some of them are endowed and re- ceive large subsidies from national To any student of missions it is governments.

clear that God works and has worked Third, there are the so-called "Faith through the ages, working through Missions." like the China Inland Mismany instruments and agencies and sion, and Donhavur Fellowship. They has accepted the services of many men are independent and evangelistic and and women who have been discredited have no definite denominational con- and rejected by human courts that un- stituency behind them. In many cases dertook to speak for Him. There are their governing boards are on the field, responsibilities that He has placed while cooperating councils promote upon us and there are standards that the work at home. Many of them do He has set for us. These we must study not establish institutional work but and follow if we would be partners limit themselves wholly to preaching, with Him in the great work of win- evangelism, the education of children ning men to Christ. The greatest re- of converts and the training of native sponsibility placed on Mission Boards Christian workers. Some of these is in the selection of missionaries. missions establish no indepell(~ent

churches on the field but advise con- evangelization of the whole world. The verts to join those already founded by China Inland MilSsion has recently denominational missions. adopted a plan to turn over to the Chinese church the work in the older In the midst of the present financial stations and to send their available depression at home and of unrest and missionaries into new territory. opposition in the mission fields, it is interesting to note that some inde- 3. Many of the workers in "Faith pendent evangelistic missions seem Missions," being in the newer fields, generally to have suffered less from have fewer comforts than are enjoyed de.1cits than the other two classes of by missionaries in the larger centers missions. Some are particularly that are in closer contact with civilizastrong-like the China Inland Mis- tion. The workers receive small salsion, Christian and Missionary Alli- aries and many live on a community ance, the Africa Inland Mission, the basis, sharing what funds are avail- Egypt General Mission and others. able but without guarantees. Many of There are lessons that these independ- them endure severe hardships, characent workers can learn from denomi- teristic of pioneering and believe that national missions-lessons especially such sacrifices are inherent in true in cooperation, comity and building missionary life. strongly for the future. Are there not also lessons that larger denominational 4. "Faith Missions" are convinced and interdenominational missions may of the lost condition of all men apart learn from these smaller bodies-at from Christ. They believe that no huleast lessons in emphasis? man merit or good works can save a soul and that since eternal death is the 1. "Faith Missions," as a rule, put wages of sin, all men must accept the almost all their emphasis on evangel- Gospel or be forever lost. ism and they very strictly limit the amount of institutional work that 5. "Faith Missions" insist on absothey undertake. They believe that lute faith in Jesus Christ as the eterthe great commission of Christ was to nal Son of God and the only Saviour be His witnesses, to preach the Gospel of men through His sacrifice on the rather than to establish Christian in- Cross. Their theology is strictly constitutions where educational, social or servative. In most of these missions industrial work absorbs a large part every officer and worker is required of the funds and energies of the mis- to subscribe to the doctrinal basis sions. There is a growing feeling which includes: Belief in the full inamong many Christians, at home and spiration of the Scriptures; the Trinabroad, that denominational missions ity; "the fall of man"; the atonement are becoming over institutionalized so through the death of Christ; justifithat money and strength that should cation by faith in Christ; the resurbe used for direct evangelism j.s used rection of Christ and of all the dead; for educational or social work. This and in eternal life for the saved and latter is a ministry greatly needed but eternal suffering for the lost. of secondary importance. 6. "Faith Missions," largely as a re- 2. "Faith Missions" generally have sult of foregoing, put great emphasis in view the unoccupied fields. They on prayer and the guidance and power are pioneers and as a rule these socie- of the Holy Spirit. Consistent and ties were formed for the purpose of successful "Faith Missions" depend opening new territory-such as inland upon prayer as the great resource in China, Africa or South America. the selection of workers, in the secur- They aim to reach the most inacces- ing of funds, in planning the work, for sible fields and the most neglected the opening of closed doors and the classes in older fields so that they may, overcoming of opposition; for protecas speedily as possible, complete the tion of life and property, for the prep- aration and winning of converts, and

for the selection and equipment of na- Denominational missions, no doubt, tive workers. Some accept "faith healing" and depend on special guid- by the study of "Faith Missions," may ance; many refuse to ask openly for workers or funds to support the mis- be impressed anew with the value of sion. a definite objective and fixed stand- Many of those associated with denominational church missions accept ards; they may put greater empha- many or all of these principles of faith and practice but they are not usually sis on the authority of the Bible as required as inherent in the organization and all its members. the Word of God, on the prime im- 7. "Faith Missions," as a rule, be- portance of evangelism in every de- lieve in the imminent Personal and visible return of Christ to earth as partment of the work; on the need for foretold in the New Testament. They, therefore, believe that the world will more pioneer service in unoccupied not become wholly Christian, that the Kingdom of God will not be universal- fields; on the need of all men to rely recognized through a gradual process. Their hope is not in human or- ceive life through Christ and His ganization but the personal return of Jesus Christ to reign and to subdue atonement; on complete dependence all things to Himself. This belief does not create pessimism Dr cause a tend- on God and His guidance through conency to sit idly and await the Advent; it gives courage in the midst of apos- tinued prayer and the Holy Spirit and tasy and persecution and leads to dependence on God, and unquestion- on the blessed hope for the return of ing obedience to Him and faith that He will establish His Kingdom on Christ to establish His Kingdom. earth in His own appointed time. After all there is only one Church, of "Faith Missions" have not, by any means, a monopoly of these convictions which we are all members; one Head and may learn from "Church Missions" many equally valuable lessons, which whom we all honor, and one Spirit on some of them have apparently .overlooked. Most of the outstanding Chris- whom we must all depend for guidance tian missionaries and most of the work of winning men to Christ have been and for power. – connected with the "Church Missions." Many "Faith Missions" fail to recog- Need in the Dutch East Indies nize sufficiently the value of effective organization, of Christian institutions, A missi'Onary in Malaysia writes to of definite campaigns, lessons in busi- the Editor as f'Ollows: ness efficiency and adequate support of the work. They may learn tolerance "A short article in the May REVIEW, without disloyalty, and that faithful- is by my friend the Rev. J. A. Jaffray. ness does not inv:olve suspicion of others. They may learn the value of "After careful investigati'On the east cooperation and the truth that the coast of Borne'O has been chosen and Spirit 'of God works through many several missionaries .of the Christian different agents and in many different and Missi'Onary Alliance are now workways. ing there among Chinese and Dyaks. The important city of Makassar has been decided UP'On as a celJlter, and work has als'O been started am'Ong the Chinese on the islands Bali Sambah in Saembawa.

"I write t'O support Mr. Jaffray's request f'Or the w'Ork in Balik-papan, Samarinda and Makassar. They repre- sent places of midnight darkness.

"The work among the Chinese in Makassar has now been started through a gr'Oup of missionaries en- couraged by Mr. Jaffray. In Sura- baya (a, city in which are living 265,872 Javanese), Christian mission- aries have been working for years.

"The Chinese in Bali number 7,645, n'Ot 'some hundreds of th'Ousands' (page 701, September REVIEW).

"DR. N. A. C. SLOTgMAKERDE BRUINE."

fmODS fOR WORKf4

EDITED BY MRS. F.!. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK GIFT GIVERS Magdalene: "But I don't have much to spend at Christmas anyway so I (A Christmas Missionary Playlet in guess you need not count on me for Two Scenes) anything."

By J. NEAL GRIFFITH Edna: "I don't have much either but when I think how disappointed Scene One they will be I want to help a little."

Place: A Young Women's Mission- Miss Miller: "Now, girls, you have ary Meeting. given a good reason why we should send the boxes but not the best. Re- Setting: Home Furnishings or a member that the true secret of a hap- Church Classroom. py Christmas is sharing it with others. Magdalene, I'm not ,so sure that the Characters: Miss Miller, the Coun- people 'of foreign lands don't give us cillor; Magdalene, Grace, Edna, Caro- anything. I hope you will think it line and others. over and change your mind."

(As scene opens the meeting is in Scene Two progress. If the time is limited the dialogue may begin at once. If more Time: Christmas Day. time can be used have a missionary Setting: A davenport or large easy hymn, Scripture, prayer or special chair at one side of the platform with numbers precede it.) a telephone near. The other side of the platform should have a table with Miss MiUer: "Well, girls, I think a number of unwrapped packages and you all know what our big work is this boxes. evening. It is one in which I am sure Characters: Magdalene; representyou should all be interested." atives from various countries, if pos- sible, wearing the costumes of their Caroline: "Of course we know and native land, or in plain robes. we're all realy to help." Magdalene: "Well, this has been a busy Christmas Day and I have had Magdalene: "Don't say 'we,' for such a lot of nice gifts. But I feel so I'm sure I can't imagine what it is." sleepy I guess I'll sit down and rest a minute." (Sits down and falls asleep.) Edna: "Why, Magdalene, don't you (Spirit from China enters and know that this is November and it's speaks as she stands by the packages.) nearly the middle of the month?" China: "You said that Caroline gave you this vase today but I wonder Grace: "Yes, and if we don't get our if you know where it really came from. Christmas mission boxes sent soon Months ago we labored in China to they won't reach the mission stations decorate this glass for your room. in time." Perhaps you forgot the long hours we work at a very small wage that you Miss MiUer: "Yes, of course, that's might have these pretty things. We what I meant." make them for you and yet have so little for ourselves." Magdalene: "Well, it may be the time but I can't see why we should put ourselves out to send Christmas gifts to people who never give us anything."

Caroline: "But think how disappointed they will be if nothing comes this year."

Grace: "Yes, and we've always done it."

925

(She retires and Porto Rico ap- estine and Arabia, was the scene of pears.) the Old Testament stories and the Porto Rico: "I think you forgot us blessed Christmas Day you love so when you thanked your brother for much, celebrates the great event that this box of candy. Down in Porto happened in a little town in what is Rico we labor very hard in the sugar now a mission field. What if we had cane fields. The sun sometimes seems kept that story to ourselves and had unbearable but we must not stop be- never told it to you who live in the cause we must raise the sugar for West? We have given you the knowl- YDur delicacies. We are oppressed by edge of the greatest Christmas gift superstition and pleasures are so few of all."

that we feel bad when your gifts do (Representatives of all the countries not come." retire. Magdalene awakes, sits up and (Porto Rico retires and a Negro rubs her eyes.) girl from the South enters.) Magdalene: "Why I must have been Southern Girl: "I'm glad that you sleeping. I must have dreamed for I liked the cloth for your new dresses felt as though my gifts had been talk- for we worked hard in the cotton fields ing. I'm going to call Mi·ss Miller."

this year. We try to be happy but (Takes up telephone and calls num- sometimes we get discouraged for the ber.) "Hello . . . Oh Miss Miller, I've gifts to some of the missions have had the strangest dream just now and been so reduced that the little schools I think I know now what you meant have been discontinued; we cannot last month when you said you weren't afford to hire teachers." so sure that we did not receive our (She retires and an Indian or Es- gifts from people of other lands. You kimo boy from Alaska enters.) know I think that everything I got for Alaskan Boy: "It was your father Christmas this year really came from I know who paid for the fur neckpiece someone who waH not so fortunate as you received far Christmas, but we 1. I'm terribly ashamed that I didn't boys in Alaska were the ones who help with the gift boxes this year. I walked miles through the snow t'O set want you to know that I'm starting the traps where the fur animal was right now to plan for next year …

caught. Now we hear that some mis- You're happy? .. Well, I'm happy too sion hospitals are closed fDr lack of but I think that next Christmas will funds to carry them on. This will be be much happier than this one was …

a bad winter for us." What? .. Oh yes, of course I'll tell the (Japan enters as the Alaskan boy girls all about my dream at the next retires.) meeting. Good-bye."

Japan: "Do y'Ou know, it took a (If the lights can be lowered while the good many aching backs and tired feet various gift givers speak, it will be efand hands to care for the silk worms fective.) and to watch the looms that wove the HELPS FOR MISSION STUDYsilk scarf you have there? Even the BOOK PROGRAMS little children in Japan have to work very hard and we seldom have for our Quoted from God and the Census own any of the nice things we make "We created the Indian problem"

for you." said someone at the Washington Con- (An Arab or a Hebrew child en- gress, "by stealing the Indian's land.

ters.) And we created the Negro problem by Arab: "I see that someone gave you stealing the Negro to work that land."

a fine Bible. Did you ever think where (Page 81.) it came from? I know that it was When we get to the point where we printed in your own country but don't are emphasizing again the things you remember where all these things which divide us; when, for the sake happened? My land, 'Syria and Pal- of denominational position or personal

METHODS FOR WORKERS

glory, we confuse children in the faith There is no particular reason for with differences which, if they really believing that a young man will love mattered, Christ himself would have the Japanese in Tokio if he abhors the clarified explicitly, is the fine flame of Japanese in Los Angeles.

{Jur spiritual zeal not dying down? "We must find God again and walk (Page 144.) His way." (Page 155.) "We wish once more to say what the Most certainly we cannot expect a Home Missions Council has repeated- quickening of spiritual power in either ly said, that we are convinced that the young or old until God has a more time has come to eliminate competi- real place in our lives. And this must tion in home missions. We are un- be not a gener~ process operating equivocally opposed to the use of through organization propaganda, but mission funds for the maintenance of a definite experience in the heart of competitive enterprises." (Page 148.) each one of us. The Washington Con- "For a century the church in Ameri- gress quoted the words of Stanley ca labored under the conviction that Jones, "We cannot go further until we it must expand and press on. If that go deeper," and continued: sense of imperative need has been lost, "The band of men who nineteen we must recreate it in the church." hundred years ago went out to trans- (Page 150.) form the world were moved by the The quality which has been lost out conviction that there is but Qne 'name 'Of our giving is the giving of our- under heaven given among men selves. We have talked about giving whereby we must be saved: That con- what we possess. As a matter of fact, viction had been born in them of a often we have made our cOlLtributions great personal experience. They had to the cause of Christ out of what has known Christ and he had made their been left over from automobile tires, lives pageants of triumph in him.

parties, clothes, cosmetics and chewing Through him they could do all things.

gum. We have forgotten that the Him, therefore, they believed to be cross of Christ can go forward only sufficient for the transformation of upon the sacrifices of his people. God all their fellowmen ….. .

does not want us to do the easy thing; "Wanted, Faith in Something."

he calls on us to do the hard thing. He (Page 158.) does not want the time which we call Our missionary pI'oblems will be spare time; he wants the time which solved when our spiritual problems will really cut into our lives. He does are solved; when you and I live daily not ask us for contributions we can as in the sight of God. Our budgets afford to make; he asks us for con- are bankrupt because there are so tributions which mean a sacrifice when many of us whose spiritual lives are we make them. Just before Walter bankrupt. We count our houses, our Rauschenbusch died, I heard him lec- lands, our cars, our books, our stocks, ture. To facilitate the asking of ques- our bonds. We count everything and tions, inquiries were written upon everybody, but we do not count God.

slips of paper and passed to the plat- (Page 158.) form. The first one read asked, "What When those who count themselves does the church most need today?" His followers. begin to count Him in Like a flash came the answer, "The their own lives, then He will be restoration of the cross." (Page 151.) counted throughout the life of the If you cannot give yourself, the rest world. (Page 159.) does not count. It may be a gift of service in the church or in a mission, QUOTATIONS or it may be a gift of funds, but you , (Various Sources) cannot give really except of yourself. "We can be sure that humanity will Only through such giving can the not let many churches die which serve Kingdom of God go forward. gnat human needs. If it carries out

the program which Jesus made the "Without a large body of independtest of a judgment day, the church in ent and self-respecting farmers, and the wildwood will flourish into that with her city populations demoralized day." (The RuraL BilLion, page 143.) by idleness, vice and luxury, Rome was in a position to fall a prey to the more "As you ride along the highway or vigorous invaders Qf the north."-J. walk across the countryside take M. Gilbert. thought of the man who plows in the field or sells garden truck at the road- GOD, LOW BROODING ON side stand. Consider the food upon your table and discover its price, not THE DEEP in cents but in toil and hardship." (The Rural Billion, page 148.) Prize Song, Music by Laura Baker Long; Words by Harry Webb Farrington "Give a thought to the injustice done to boys and girls who crawl on This music, composed by Mrs. Laura hands and knees in the beet fields Baker Long, of Philadelphia, won the across damp loam and pull weeds with award offered for the most appropriate hands that should fondle a toy." (The tune written by any member of the RuraL Billion, page 148.) methods classes in three Qf the largest summer institutes in the United "Humanize this problem in arith- States. We congratulate the Philadelmetic, if it costs the farmer ninety- phia Interdenominational Institute. four cents to produce a bushel of r a. ……

l1D~- eo… 1')t…… ,…,'( soul 0.- ,let-p, A." ~ive 'rile …. -. ~ wheat which sells for sixty-five cents, GOD, LOW BROODING ON THE DEEP how long will a calic'o dress last the farmer's wife?" (The Rural Billion, God, low brooding on the deep page 148.) Until awakes the earth, The Motto of Benedictine Monks in Hover near my soul asleep the middle ages, "By the power of the And give me holy hirth. Cross and the plow." Cruce et aratro. Spirit, touching bush aflame Happy the man who from ambition freed In lonely desert place, A little field and little garden feed; Grant me courage in Thy name The hardened thrones to face. The field does frugal nature's wants Lightning, from Mount Sinai, stern, supply, Soft-tempered in the shrine, The garden furnishes for luxury, Make the altar coals to burn And daily kindle mine. What farther specious clogs of life re- Dove in air at Jordan's stream, main, Angel in wilderness, He leaves for fools to seek, and knaves Watch beside my cross's beam to gain. -Abraham Cowley. And guide mid hostile press.

"Farming is not only the most an- Mission's Torch, disciple's Tongue, cient, but the best of all profes·sions, In brothers' one accord, for divine nature made the country, but man',s skill the town.-Varro (3d Herald peace, good-will among book on Agriculture.) The nations of our Lord.

FOR OHAPTER IN "CHRIST COMES MY PRAYER TO THE VILLAGES": HE HEALS THE SICK By ELSIE JANIS HYMN God, let me live each lovely day, So I may know that, come what may, (Any long Meter Tune) I've done my best to live the way At even ere the sun was set, You want me to. The sick, 0 Lord, around Thee lay; Forgive me if I do not pray 0, in what divers pains they met! The ultra-sanctimonious way 0, with what joy they went away! In church on every Sabbath day, Once more 'tis eventide, and we As some folks do. Oppressed with various ills, draw near; Just let me know if I should stray, What if Thy form we cannot see? That I may stop along the way We know and feel that Thou art here. At any time of night or day o Saviour Christ, our woes dispel; And talk to you.

For some are sick, and some are sad, A MESSAGE OF FRIENDSHIP AND ApPRE- And some have never loved Thee well; CIATION TO THOSE WHO HAVE MADE USE OF THE METHODS DEPARTMENT And some have lost the love they had; DURING THE PAST THREE YEARS And some are pressed with worldly care; It is with real regret that I have And some are tired with sinful doubt; found it necea-sary to resign from the editorship of this department because And some such grievous passions tear, of the demands of another line of work That only Thou canst cast them out; to which it would seem God has called me. And none, 0 Lord, have perfect rest, And none are wholly free from sin; I wish to thank the hundreds of my readers in England, Wales, Scotland, And they who fain would serve Thee best Australia, Mexico, Korea, Persia, Can- Are conscious most of wrong within. ada, and the United States, who have through these years heartened me o Saviour Christ, Thou too art Man; with their kind letters. My only re- gret is, that I did not serve you better. Thou hast been troubled, tempted, tried; Thy kind but searching glance can scan May the year 1932 be for you a year of great spiritual growth by reason of The very wounds that shame would the indwelling of the Holy Spirit as hide; Guide, Teacher, and Interpreter.

Thy touch has still its ancient power; MRS. F. I. JOHNSON. No word from Thee can fruitless fall; Hear, in this solemn evening hour, And in Thy mercy heal us all.

-Lutheran Common Service Book.

ON THE INDIAN ROAD BY PEARL D. LONGLEY, Markapur, India I love to meet the common folk Who travel the Indian road, Whose feet are dusty, Whose backs are bent Beneath their daily load.

The women who come in the early morn To glean in the harvest fields, Whose hands are gnarled By humble tasks, Such tasks as poverty yields.

The men who work in the fields all day, Whose stride is firm and strong, Who stop for a chat Or a friendly word Nor wish to hurry along. 4

The man with a little tired child Swung on his IIhoulder high, With her chubby hands In his matted hair Who smile as they pass me by.

There are children trooping along to school, There are others who cannot go Whose bodies are thin And bent with toil Whose feet are tired and slow.

At evening, when the sun is low, Bearing their loads of grass, Come friendly women, Who peer at me And talk to me, as I pass.

There are travelers there of every kind Of high estate, and low, Some are gay And some are sad In the highway's ebb and flow.

I sometimes meet a scornful one Whose heart is full of pride, Who passes by With garments drawn, As I step to the other side.

But most of the folk that I meet on the road, Will answer smile for smile With such as these The Master loved To talk and walk the while.

He loved to talk and walk with them, For their hearts were simple and kind, He shared their sorrows And healed their ills, He opened the eyes that were blind.

And so He will meet the simple folk As He travels the Indian road, He will wipe the dust From their weary feet .And lighten their heavy load.

He will enter their homes as in Galilee, Their humble food He will share, And His glory and love Shall shine in those Who truly meet Him there. -Froin The Baptist Missionary Review.

BEST METHODS FOR NEXT YEAR It is with sincere appreciation for her helpful cooperation in supplying "Meth- ods for Workers" for the past three years that we bid God-speed to Mrs. F. 1. John- son as she turns from this department to take up other important responsibilities.

At the same time we welcome most heartily Mrs. Estella S. Aitcheson, of Granville, Ohio, who will supply the "Tested Methods of Work" for the coming year. Mrs.

Aitcheson has had long experience in the promotion of missionary interest in the Church at home. She has been a regular contributor to "Missions" and has a wide acquaintance in many church and missionary circles. We bespeak for Mrs. Aitche- son the hearty cooperation of all. Suggestion, questions and descriptions of methods found useful by pastors and others in promoting miSSionary interest in churches, Sunday-Schools, missionary societies, young peoples' work and in the home, may be sent to Mrs. E. S. Aitcheson, Granville, Ohio. EDITOR.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America THE AIR AND PRAYER in the morning and also took pains to BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON inform everybody that she was a Cath- olic. If radio's slim fingers can pluck a melody from night The day came when she found her- self face to face with the need of de- And toss it o'er a continent or sea; cision. It was not in vain that she If the soft petaled notes of a violin Are blown o'er a mountain or a city's If sodnign~' like fragrant roses are cuIled from thin blue air, Then how can mortals wonder If God hears prayer?

In every llart of the world where the airplane dips its wings and ties up the world to them, you will find on the twelfth of February next earnest groups of women and girls gathered together for the purpose of uniting their hearts in using the very real medium of the air through which to speak to the Great Heavenly Father of us all in behalf of the whole world, especially of its childhood.

Perhaps no two countries are more vitally in the thought of the world today than are Mexico and India. It is from theSe two nations that the World Day of Prayer Committee has chosen the two women to prepare the "Call to Prayer" and the program for the 1932 observance – Sra. Elisa Strozze de Pascoe and Mrs. H. A. Yusufji, before her marriage, Helen Tupper.

Though born in the state of New MRS. H, A. YUSUFJI Mexico, of Swiss and Spanish llarent- age, Mrs. Pascoe's family moved to had throughout her primary and high Mexico when she wa,s five years old. school years listened every morning in She has always considered Mexico as the chapel to the hymns, the Scripture her home and is a Mexican citizen. reading and the short talks of the Her parents were Catholics but they teachers. She began to long for a Bi- sent their children to Protestant ble of her own but feared to ask her schools and from her earliest youth parents for it. She began to pray for she attended Laurens Institute, a mis- one as she heard in chapel the reading sion ,school in Monterey. Her Ameri- of Matthew 21: 22. On her sixteenth can schoolmates invited her to attend birthday she was rejoiced to receive the English Sunday-school. However, the gift of a Bible from four of her she often attended mass at four o'clock teachers. Immediately she turned to 931

the New Testament and underlined the praying for her. The pastor talked t'O verse which had been such an inspira- her 'Of the need 'Of a definite acceptance tion tG her. She spent much time with 'Of Christ as her pers'Onal Savi'Our. She her Bible (which she still keeps), but had read many bGQks on salvation at the same time she had many Cath- thrQugh faith so that bef'Ore the serv- Glic friends who were trying to per- ice was 'Over GGd deeply convicted her suade her not to attend a PrGtestant 'Of sin, and suddenly the light of the church. The climax came two years kn'Owledge of Christ as her persQnal later. It was Holy Week, and 'One who SaviGur filled her life with JQY. "Old has spent Holy Week in a CathQlic things passed away, all things became cQuntry cannQt fail to be impressed new."

BRA. ELISA STROZZE DE PASCOE Two years later she entered the Training SchoGI in Nashville, Tenneswith the varied ceremGnies and the see, where she completed the prenumberless pilgrimages tQ the many scribed course of study in the Biblical shrines. GGod Friday f'Ound her in Department. At the same time rothe Cathedral with tWG fanatical mance made its appearance. A young friends. They listened t'O the priest preacher from Mexico, whom she had as he spGke on the Seven Last Words. never seen in her cGuntry, came to The sermGn made a deep impressi'On Nashville to enter Vanderbilt Uni- 'On her young soul, and at the end of versity. As they were the 'Only Mexthe service all present were invited tG ican students they s'Oon met and consecrate their lives to God by sign- naturally had to practice their beauing their names in an immense book tiful Spanish language. kept in the adj'Oining chapel. After graduating she worked f'Or At the same time revival services tW'O years in HGlding Institute. By were being held in the Methodist that time Mr. Pascoe finished his the- Church and all 'Of her friends were alagical caurse and they were married in 1916, returning at 'Once to Mexico City as a pastGr. In September, 1930, when the two Methadisms were united, Mr. PascQe became the first bishGp.

Last year Mrs. Pascae was elected President .of the UniGn Nacianal de Saciedades Femeniles Cristianas (an interdenGminati'Onal uniGn 'Of seven de- naminatians: Presbyterian, Disciples, Friends, Pilgrims, Nazarene, CGngre- gati'Onal, and Methodist). The special work 'Of the Union is the publication 'Of a paper, Antorcha MisiGnera which circulates in Cuba, Puerto Ric'O, Co- lGmbia, Argentina, among Spanish- speaking peGple in the United States and in Mexico.

Is it n'Ow strange to you that Mrs. Pascoe, one mighty in prayer and works, should have been asked t'O pre- pare the world "Call to Prayer"? May the air be filled with prayer 'On Febru- ary 12, 1932.

If y'OU had been in Whittier Hall of C'Olumbia University during 1929 and 1930, Y'OU W'Ould have seen passing in and Gut in quest 'Of her M. A. a beauti-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN •

ful young Indian woman from Luck- slightly, to provide accompaniment for now. It is she, now Mrs. Yusufji, to several young women who enter in whom we are indebted for the program costume, representing participants in for February 12. the prayer service from mission fields abroad and at home. These take places For some time Mrs. Yusufji was a quietly in seats near the platform and member of the faculty of Isabella Tho- become part of the worshiping group. burn College. Her marriage to Doctor After the verse by Alfred Tennyson Yusufji, a graduate of Princeton, (page 4), these visitors may enact a takes her to Jubbulpore where they scene purporting to be a recital of will work in the Theological Seminary. their experiences in observing last Her specific field is to be the wives and year's World Day of Prayer in their children of the preachers, the end in several home centers. Where costumes view being the preparation of conse- are not available or desired women imcrated Christians who will devote their personating missionaries may speak lives to the service of their country. briefiy.* Mrs. YUl§nfji writes: "I hope that The presiding officer introduce-s the this program will help prayer to mean narration by saying: to many other young women what it means to me. I have not had an easy "How often we sing that ancient life; it has been the prayer of faith hymn with its prophecy that that has strengthened me at every turn." Jesus shall reign where'er the sun Does His successive journeys run! These two women, one from agetorn Mexico, the other from storm- To Him shall endless prayer be made tossed India, see but one hope for the And endless praises crown His head. world-it is in Him who taught us to say, "Our Father." but have we realized h.ow literally it is being fulfilled, and how by our united ADAPTATIONS OF THE WORLD efforts .on this sacred day we are ac- tually encil'cling the earth with our DAY OF PRAYER PROGRA,M prayers?

iE'OR YOUNG PEOPLE'S GROUPS As o'er each continent and island The dawn leads on another day, BY BERNICE HALL LEGG The voice of prayer is never ended, Lowered lights at the beginning, Nor die the strains of praise away! quiet music, preferably the playing of hymns which direct the thought to "A world at prayer! What an upprayer, and above all, an attitude of lifting thought! We are not just 'two reverent expectancy on the part of or three,' we are a multitude. And not those who have the meeting in charge, for one brief hour do our voices ascend inevitably communicating itself to the to the Father, but from sunrise in gathering group, will create the at- New Zealand to sunset in Honolulu, mosphere of worship. for forty hours, the prayers of devoted women arise to the throne. The program, "H{)ld Fast in Prayer" is so widely appealing in its "Shall we listen while some of our spirit and content, that young women's friends teIl us of their part in this groups everywhere may use it with offering of praise and thanksgiving?" profit. The interpolation of some dramatic features, while desirable, should Japan: The sun had scarcely turned not be over-emphasized, or so pro- to gold our snow-capped Fujiyama, when longed as to break the unity of the throughout all the villages and cities of original plan. my country we gathered for prayer and the singing of hymns. Our missionary During the Lord's Prayer (page 3) teachers told us that it would be so have the hymn, "Jesus Shall Reign," everywhere that day, and we felt that played very softly. At the close of the prayer, increase volume of music * 'l'he materinl for th('se sketches was gath- ered by Miss B'}orence G. 'l'yler.

we were touching hands with other be- ing. South America, the Indies, Mexico lievers across all seas and lands. and Canada had their part. In Alaska a group of native women met, prayed and Korea: In Korea, a whole day seemed contributed twenty-nve dollars for the not too long to spend in prayer. I am specified world-wide projects; and so, on but one of many Bible women who gath- and on, to Honolulu, verily a volume of ered together from all over our District. prayer encircling the earth. Girls from the Bible Institute came, and even younger ones from the night school, American speaker concludes with all uniting eagerly in song and in prayer bowed head: for the Lord's work. We thank Thee that Thy Church un- China: The Day of Prayer means sleeping, much to us in China. We, too, made it a day of joyful fellowship and worship. While earth rolls onward into light, Many came at an early hour, bringing Through all the world her watch is their babies, and in some of the villages it has become the custom for our men to keeping, prepare the meals at the church so that And rests not now, by day or night. it may be a day of family prayer for all. Solo: "Spirit of God Descend Upon My India: Under the banyan trees, in the Heart" (page 5). Use first two and last tamarind groves, in chapels and in the verses. great churches, the women of India assemble reverently and eagerly for the Following this solo, the leader may observance of this holy day. Many wear announce a period of ,silent prayer, their wedding garments in token of the followed by prayers, voluntary or preimportance of the event – this one day viously assigned, covering special of the year when they are one with the needs listed upon page 8. Conclude Christian women of the world as they with the united prayer (page 7) which pray for the spread of His Kingdom. precedes the offering, and follow the regular program to the close. (The solo, "In the Secret of His The success of the offering will be Presence," page 4, may be sung here.) greatly enhanced if individual socie- ties will procure the very attractive Africa: (This part should be taken by leaflets which have been prepared by one representing a missionary.) My be- the Council of Women for Home Misloved black Africa is not outside your sions and the Federation of Woman's charmed circle. At the beat of the drum Boards 'Of Foreign Missions. Use the women leave their work in the fields these leaflets in the meeting preceding and huts and hasten to the appointed the World Day of Prayer, February place, sometimes as many as fifty in one 12, 1932, and appoint four yaung wamgroup. From miles around they come, en to present the projects dramaticaland when they go home, they separate, ly or as best suits the local organizavisiting other homes, praying and tes- tion. tifying as they go, till the whole district feels the influence of the meeting. TOGETHER Europe: (Another person in European Thou hast on earth a Trinitydress speaks.) We of the American Thyself, my fellow-man, and me: Church in Rome held our own prayer When one with him, then one with thee; service and. felt deeply grateful for the Nor, save together, thine are we. spiritual fellowship which is the heritage of the Christian everywhere. The Prot- -John Banister Tabb, estant women of Paris observed the day Quoted in "Christ in the also, and we know that other groups met in parts of Holland, Denmark, Ger- Poetry of Today." many and Wales. DISARMAMENT America: (One person may give briefly items from several centers.) BY CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT From our largest cities and the remotest borders of our land come messages from It is said that every controversy has those who have united in prayer for our two sides. Naturally, there can be great cause. Radio carried the program only one right side, and after much over eighteen stations, the printed page lengthy talk concerning every new profound its way not only to crowds as- posal, the world come·s to agreement sembled in houses of worship, but to the as to which the right side is. At preshomes of shut-ins who could thus participate with the world group. In our southern mountains families walked miles over unspeakable roads to attend a meet-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

ent the controversy concerning the 3. If a nation enters a war upon the question of disarmament is in prog- pretense of self-defense, an invest!ga.tio.D ress. Shall the world disarm or not into its motives will follow, and If It IS disarm? proved that self-defense was not the real motive, it will DOt only receive the pen- It happens that there are Americans alty of an aggressor nation, but an adwho propagate for a big navy. "The ditional loss of confidence which always biggest navy in the world would be attends a perjury will be its fate. mOISt appropriate for us," they say. "The swiftest of all airplanes and sub- Consider for a moment the result of marines' the poisonous gasses we the Great War: should have. The most destructive guns, together with all the latest ~e­ COST IN MEN 10,878,000 velopment of each type of war eqUlp- 20,000,000 ment should be ourH." The reason Dead ……………….. . urged is that a surprise attack may Wounded ……………. . 9,000,000 be made upon us at any time in which War Orphans ………… . 5,000,000 case we will need for self-defense a War Widows ………… . 10,000,000 complete war preparation. That may Refugees …….•••……. sound logical to those who have no further information. Debts weighing each nation down to the verge of bankruptcy produce a The truth is, however, that since problem never before known. "It will the Great War a peace machinery for require," says Philip Snowden, Chanthe self-defense of all nations has been ceUor of the British Exchequer, "sevcarefully erected. There is a League enty-six million days of labor each day of Nations with most of the chief na- by British workmen for the next sixty tions of the world in its membership. years to produce the means to pay Each nation member has obligated it- America alone." Said John Maynard self not to go to war and to settle any Keynes, "We shall be paying the Unitdisputes arising between any other ed States each year for sixty years a nation and itself by peaceful means. sum equivalent to two-thirds the cost There is a World Court to which na- of our navy, nearly equal to the total tions may submit many questions to expenditure on educaUon, more than the wisest and most distinguished the total burden of our pre-war debt, judges in the world. Dozens of trea- more than the total profit of our merties have bound groups of nations to cantile marine and the whole of our submit any controversy to arbitration. mines together." Lastly, the Briand-Kellogg Pact has obligated most of the nations of the The United States, being more forworld to renounce war and to settle tunately placed than most nations, all their international disputes by loaned to European nations at differpeaceful processes. With a determina- ent times and in different forms to tion by all the nations not to join in meet expenses of the war $10,338,000,- wars, what need is there £or great war 000. preparation? The war was followed by a universal From this situation three curious depression in busines·s, an enormous facts confront us. unemployment, the prevalence of dis- eases spread by means of the war, un- 1. No nation can now go to war, ll;n- speakable crime, unrest, and many less attacked, without dishonorably VIO- other forms of human misery. lating one or more solemn agreements never to go to war. Which side are you on? The reduc- tion and limitation of war equipment 2. If a chief nation should violate one and the establishment of peace, or the or more of these sacred pledges, it will continuation of war with all its horforfeit its honorable status among the rors? Is war civilized? Can the nations and be called by the opprobrious world -afford it? Could n~t civilized term of aggressor. The penalty may be people abolish it? Could not sensi~le heavy. nations spend the money they recelve from the taxes of the people in ways

to produce more comfort, happiness, A CALL and progr.ess? The call to the Seventh National If you wish to bring the world over Conference on the Cause and Cure of War has been issued by Mrs. Carto the right side of this controversy, rie Chapman Catt. Delegates from help us to carry to Geneva the largest eleven women's national organizations and most impressive demonstration of will meet in Washington, D. C., Januthe sentiment of this country. ary 18-21, 1932, to consider those prob- lems "which handicap the progress of The Federation of Woman's Boards the coming substitution of peace for of Foreign Missiuns of North Ameri- war." ca, and the Council of Women for Home Missions are members of the Such distinguished authorities as National Committee on the Cause and James G. McDonald, Dr. James Shot- Cure of War. That Committee, well, Dr. D. F. Fleming, Will Irwin, through its federated organizations, and Mrs. Catt are on the program. is circulating a petition to the Inter- Round tables, luncheon discussions, national Disarmament Conference, and questions and answers, and convention we beg you to secure blanks of this discussions offer variety to the sespetition from the above offices. Cir- sions. Rachel Conrad Nason who was culate them among your own and any chosen last year by the National Comother organizations, groups of Ameri- mittee on the Cause and Cure of War can citizens, schools, churches, clubs, to conduct a thorough investigation of societies, and send them in to be added the Polish corridor has been at work to the great petition when it goes to upon her task for several months and Geneva on January 1, 1932. will report her finding·s to the Con- ference. Our petiUon says: "Clearly, the next step is the bold reduction of every The Federation of Woman's Boards variety of armament. To do less than of Foreign Missions and Council of this would violate treaty obligations, Women for Home Missions consider it awaken suspicion and incite fresh war most important that church women be adequately represented at this Contalk." ference. Either organization will be glad to supply detailed inf.ormation. Already the women of England have secured over 1,000,000 signatures to WAR their petition, and in Holland, where the petition has been circulated by the Waste of muscle, waste of brain, United Press, the signatures to their Waste of patience, waste of pain, petition have reached over 2,500,000. Waste of manhood, waste of health, We must be up and doing if this great Waste of beauty, waste of wealth, United States of America is to keep Waste of blood, waste of tears, pace with the rest of the world. Waste of youth's most precious years, Waste of ways the Saints have trod, Sixty nations of the world are to- Waste of glory, waste of God. gether ·spending annually over $4,000,- 000,000 in preparation for "the next War! war," which should never come. Why -G. Studdert-Kennedy. not save the money f,or better use and avoid the inevitable catastrophes THE GOAL which are the price of war? Brave military men have been immortalized There can be no final goal for huas the world's greatest heroes. A new man institutions; the best are those type of hero must now come forward that most encourage progress toward -the hero who will lead the way to others still better. Without effort and demilitarize society. In this day and change, human life cannot remain generation it will be done. Join hands good. It is not a finished Utopia that with those who want a civilized world we ought to desire, but a world where of peace. imagination and hope are alive and active.-Russell.

AMERICA tribe of 208,000 Othomi Indians

Mexico in the League of Nations adjoins the great Mexicano tribe. This year an opening has thus been WHEN Mexico entered the League made to reach between 750,000 and of Nations, it was, says the New 1,000,000 Indians, a far larger num- York Times, with a reservation in re- ber than in any previous year. They are rwt evangelized, and have not an gard to the Monroe Doctrine. Porfirio adequate number of workers, since there are but three workers to one tribe Diaz who had reason to remember the of 227,000 Indians, and in the other tribe one worker, with four in traingood' offices of the United States in the ing, for a half milHon. For the first time in Mexica'ru history, definite and matter of the French occupation, was aggressive work has been undertaken for these larger tribes. friendly to the Doctrine, though he b"ethSeuDbs0tI7– subsequently proposed tha t trine of America" should tuted, each republic proclaiming that an attack by a foreign power upon the independence or territory of one would be considered an attack upon Strategy in Belize the rest. The reservation of the Monroe Doctrine drew from Carranza a T HE capital of British Honduras declaration to the governments repre- recently emerged from the obsented in Paris that "Mexico had not scurity in which Lindbergh left it to recognized and would not recognize stretch itself across our newspaper this doctrine, because, without the con- headlines. Normally, Belize is Qne of sent of all the people of America, it the quietest places mentioned in the would establish a situation regarding geography, being the port of entry for which they had not been consulted; the least developed section of the therefore, this doctrine attacks the North American continent. sovereignty and independence of Mexico and would set up and establish a Before the hurricane in British tutelage over all the nations of Amer- Honduras, the chief landmark of the ica." The Monroe Doctrine, according town of Belize was a Catholic missionto Mr. Elihu Root, is ba,sed upon "the ary institution, St. John's CQlIege. right of self-protection recognized by Although the peoples of the Central international law." American countries are largely Cath- olic, the governments are frequently anti-clerical. Catholic schools are sub- Work for Mexican Indians ject to political supervision, and t~eir properties are exposed to confiscatlOn. UNDER the Presbyterian ~hurch in Therefore the RQman Church has Mexico, three wel1-tramed men placed its one large school in all Cen- have taken up work among the 227,000 tral America under the protection of Maya Indians. A house, ponies and the British flag at Belize. Students saddles are a part of the equipment. are recruited from the surrounding A mission has also been opened for republics. The school is in charge of 517,000 Mexicano Indians, the second a group of Jesuits who have their largest Indian tribe in the three Amer- headquarters in St. Louis. After the icas. younger members of the Society of The Latin American Prayer Fellow- Jesus have completed their college ship is making contacts with the large training they are sent out to Belize 937

to teach for a term of years, and then bers, not counting the 350,000 membrought back to the United States to bers of the German Lutheran Church study theology. The recent storm ap- in the southern ·states. parently caused the destruction of the college buildings, which were on the The lJr~sent population of Brazil is water front, and the death of many over forty miIliO'll. This means that of the students and faculty as school thirty-nine million are non-Evanwas in session. – The. Congregation- gelical; thousands of cities and towns alist. are untouched by the Gospel; the vast interior, with over 1,000,000 Indians, Trained Leaders for Porto Rico is practically untouched. No wonder the Brazilian Christians call for more MISS ETHEL ROBINSON, head of evangelical preachers and teachers. St. Catherine's Training School for Church Workers in Santurce, EUROPE Porto Rico, emphasizes the necessity of proper training for missionaries. British Bureau for Information "A college course is not enough," she said, "but should be supplemented by THE Standing Committee of the special training. The object of Amer- British Foreign Missions Conferican missionaries going overseas is to ence has been able tu arrange with give the best there is in them for the the Senatus of the Selly Oak group of training and development of native colleges to undertake to conduct a burleaders who will train their own peo- eau of informaHon for outgoing misple to carryon the work. Brazil, sionaries and missionaries on fur- Haiti, Mexico and Porto Rico train lough. It is hoped that the new bureau their own clergy. Porto Rico has in will be able to render great service in St. Catherine's School a means of dealing with the inquiries which come training its women leaders, numbers from missionaries from time to time, of whom have already done splendid regarding facilities for extra courses work. Latin-America·n countries are ,of study. It will keep in touch with more and more demanding self-gov- college and other centres where inernment in all their activities which struction can be obtained, and it is increases the urgency for developing proposed to compile and keep up to native leaders for the church's work." date suitable bibliographies. The bu- reau will also maintain contact with The Call of Brazil the missionary training institutions in Great Britain and on the Continent, BRAZIL needs more missionaries, as well as such organizations as the especially in the Amazon valley Student Christian Movement. The and the table-lands of central Brazil. secretary of the new bureau is Mr. The vast hinterland, now sIirinking in J. C. Kydd, Rendel Harris Library, size because of the new motur roads, Griffin's Hill, Selly Oak, Birmingham. demands an active missionary campaign," says the Rev. Erasmo Braga, Disarm.ament Declaration D.D., an outstanding Brazilian educational and religious leader. MORE than 1,250,000 British peo- ple have signed the International There are now twenty-three Protes- Declaration in support of world distant Missionary Societies with about armament. This declaration is being five hundred missionaries (including signed in forty other countries, and all wives) at work in some eighty resi- the signatures will ultimately be predence stations in Brazil. The native sented to the world Disarmament Con- Christian staff numbers 713, of whom ference in Geneva next February. 250 are ordained men. The Evan- House-to-house canvassing is being gelicals have 750 organized churches successfully undertaken and stalls with with over 122,000 communicant mem- forms for signi'ng have been set up in the market squares of many towns.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Spain Disestablishes the Church oration was started five years ago by T HE extension of the franchise to the Y. M. C. A. at Athens and grew women in Spain has been followed by the rejection of Roman Catholicism so popular that after two years the as a state religion, by a vote of 267 to 41 in the National Assembly. Spain Greek church took it over. has for centuries been the most solidly Catholic of the large European na- Distress in RUlsia tions, and the king of Spain has borne the title of "The Most Catholic King." HENRY WALES, of the Chicago· The combined resources of State and . Tribune, recently traveled 12,000 Church have made it almost impossible for any dissenting body to carry on miles across Russia, north to south and religious propaganda. Protestant worship could be c(jnducted only in build- east to west. He spent forty nights ings which had no architectural resemblance to churches and which had in railway trains, traveling alone so no entrances from main streets. If it Protestant school was opened, it was that he might not be "personally consoon surrounded with Catholic schools. Protestant ministers could not per- ducted" like a "spoonfed tourist." He form marriage ceremonies. visited the Kulak concentration camp It was easier to prevent the people from becoming Protestants than to at Archangel, of whicf: he says: compel them to remain Roman Catholics. The proportion of the National The dreadful Kulak concentration Assembly that voted to displace Roman camp is carefully concealed in Kuzni Catholicism as the State church is a Chika Church, although the authorities little more than six to one. Catholi- had assured me that the nearest exiles cism is no longer the religion of the were at Mezen, twelve days' sledge travel people so that there is no reason why away. it should continue to be the religion of the State. The Catholic Church At Rostov, Kharkov, Stalingrad and will no longer enjoy a monopoly or other places I inspected huge new facexercise a dominant infl.uence upon the tories, units in the vaunted Five-Year political and cultural life of the coun- Plan, and witnessed the lamentable intry, but there is also danger that a ability of the Russians to obtain -producmajority of the Spanish people will tion. become less and less religious unless the evangelical church wins them to Through the southern districts I saw vital religion. the horde of tramps, bums and child waifs, homeless men and boys, thousands Greece ComDlemorates Paul's Address of them only 11 and 12 years old, and a few girls, on their annual migration from T HE twenty-ninth of June is now the warmth of the south to the north. observed in Athens by a six o'clock Barefooted, ragged, hlack and filthy, with evening meeting commemorating the long, matted hair and beards, covered preaching by the Apostle Paul in the with vermin, polluting the atmosphere Areopagus. The Archbishop of Athens with the stench of their unwashed bodies, and of all Greece presides over this drawn, haggard, gaunt and famishing, ~athering of five thousand worshipers. they walked the streets, fightlng with the There is choral music and the reading dogs and the crows for a morsel of carby another bishop of Paul's Athenian rion, or sitting day and night in the railsermon and of the thirteenth chapter way stations, furtively waiting for an of First Corinthians. This commem- opportunity to rifle the pockets of a drunken peasant or stowaway in a train when the lynx-eyed G. P. U. cop was not looking.

In the Ukraine and the North Cau- casus I visited collective farms and saw conditions so terrihle that even local Communist leaders are exhorting Moscow to ease the pressure sufficiently on ex- porting grain to give the miserahle peaS- ants wheat and oats and hay for them- selves and their livestock.

I visited in the peasants' mud huts without windows, and noted their listless- ness, brought on partly through lack of adequate food, partly hy their fatalistic avatism, their fear that they, too, may he shifted off elsewhere as "colonists" any night.

Thousands and thousands of these peasants in their hunger and misery and

weakness have res'Orted t'O "passive re- St. Augustine's followers were supersistance." They do not cult~vat'}. their ficially Islamized, but are now being lands, they plead illness and mablhty to educated and developed by France. work in the fields when the 'Overseer sum- The Southern Morocco Mission is mons them. reaching the Berbers of the Atlas mountains in the Sous, Agadir and In Siberia I saw trainloads 'Of exiles Tarudant; the Bible Churchmen's being dropped off with 9;1l their bel'Ong- Missionary Society plans advance ings, men, women a~~ children, comm'On- from Marakesh to reach the Berbers law pris'Oners, l?'OhtlCal offenders al!-d of the Tadla district in the Middle Kulaks, t'O colomze vast new areas m Atlas; and the Algiers Mission Band this barren region. is evangelizing by motor car the Saharan Oases and Arab markets. Swiss Missions The North Africa Mission reports blessing at all stations. The wide cir- SWISS (French speaking) Protes- culation of Scriptures across North tants since the War have combined Africa gives rise to hope, especially into the Mission Suisse, formerly the in Morocco. old Mission Suisse Romande. Their work is in South Africa and for a The results of the Christian work number of years there has been a in these areas is provoking violent atstaggering deficit. Friends made tacks by Moslems. heroic efforts from year to year to pay this, but without success. This year New Venture in Cairo at the annual meeting there was much rejoicing and thanksgiving due to the I N CAIRO, a club for girls has refact that at last a year had been cently been opened by missi'Onaries closed without deficit but it has again of the Church Missionary S'Ociety in become necessary to borrow money to co'Operation with tw'O other religious carry on! organizations. This new experiment am'Ong girls between six and fourteen The Danish Missions is 'Open every afternoon. Its cur- riculum includes reading, writing, T HIS society carries on work in arithmetic, handwork, sewing and India and China. Recently a fine games. The teaching is given by two hospital for women was opened in Egyptian Christian women who are Mukden, having on its staff a number also helped by English and Egyptian of Chinese women physicians. The voluntary workers, and the numbers India work has been encouraging, the attending already are a source of enlatest development being the accept- couragement to the 'Organizers. ance of the J eypore Mission. This work was a part of the work of the Communion in West Africa Breklum Mission that had been cared for during the War by the United STEADY streams of men and wom- Lutheran Church. The Breklum So- en, boys and girls, walk along the ciety found itself unable to assume paths that lead to the Mission Hill at the burden of the whole field and a Efulan (West Africa). They have group of friends of two missionaries been travelling for several days; the of Danish nationality formed the East women and girls carrying babies Jeypore Mission. This group made astride 'one hip, or seated in a sort of 'overtures to the Danish Mission So- sling made from skins. In the houses ciety, which unanimously decided to on the hill-workman's town, teachers' assume the responsibility. town, everywhere-there is an unusual stir. Guests are being entertained AFRICA over the week-end.

Evangelizing Isla:m Many have come a distance of twenty miles, for those who have suc- WILL Christianity regain lost cessfully answered the questi'Ons put ground among the Berbers of North Africa? The descendants of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to them by the church session, who ~ want ~o present the urgent need of have regularly contributed to the thIS SwedIsh Evangelical Mission for church, and who have led lives as real prayers. The Colonial Government of pe.sons of God, will be admitted to Eritrea, in agreement with the Central full church membership and sit down Government in Rome, for some years at the communion table in remem- has placed grave obstacles in the way brance of the Lord Jesus. On Sunday of the return of Swedish missionaries to morning over 2,000 people gather in Eritrea, because we are foreign and the House of God to hear His word. Prote~tant. They have greatly restricted So the Efulan church is growing. It our lIberty to work and it now seems has recently taken over a "foreign that they desire to forbid our entrance mission field" far to the north, and into the Colony. They have denied perseveral young men have gone there to mission to disembark at Massaua two p each the Gospel of Christ.-Mary E. new men missionaries and three ladies Hunter. who had licenses. One of these ladies was the headmistress of the school for Helping Egypt's Farmers Moslem girls at Gheleb, and without her it will be necessary to close the school. AN INTERESTING phase of Assiut ~efor~ 1914 we had about thirty mis- College work is the agricultural sIOnarIes; now the Government action department, still in its infancy. Mr. has reduced us to nine, of whom three M. C. McFeeters is experimenting are in serious need of going home for with vegetable, fruit and cotton grow- health reasons. ing, and with chickens and dairying, although he is greatly handicapped by From Despair to Joy a lack of any definite appropriation. He is convinced that dairying holds T~E inspecto: of the Rhenish Misthe most promise. Cotton, which has SIOn, speakmg of the work in been for years the cash crop of Egypt, Niassa, says that the first time of is not as profitable as formerly, and despair in this work was the time beis an extremely speculative crop. The fore the awakening, viz., 1915. The department aims not only to train missionaries were despairing because practical farmers, but to afford stu- they could see no results of their work dents who are prospective preachers among these people. On the field it and teachers a knowledge of the basic "":as a case of desperate struggle, of industry of the country, and an under- Sighs and prayers to God, and at home standing sympathy with the Egyptian a matter of much blame and censure. farmer and his problems.-Woman'8 The Christians, though outwardly well Mi88ionary Magazine. organized, did not seem to have been touched inwardly. Their thought Pray for Eritrea world was still incorrigibly animistic. The Christian teaching was regarded PASTOR J. IWARSON, of Eritrea, by them only as a new custom or law. reports: The missionaries' prayer!! ascended Work for the Moslems of Eritrea is constantly to the thl'one of God for a in the schools of the station of Gheleb real awakening. It came and the new among the Mensa, where we have thirty period began with 1916. A nation Moslem boy pupils and twenty Moslem awoke to God! When the light broke girl pupils. More than twenty have been in on them, God had a man ready. baptized in the course of the year. The He was a faithful Christian, Hoemene New Testament in Tigre, just now com- by name, who although previously in pleted, will be of great importance. In earnest, was not a truly converted the interior of Ethiopia the mission has soul. Suddenly he heard the words had an evangelist among the converted "Lost, condemned, sentenced to death.': Moslems of Socota, and work among them In this extremity he went to his misseems progressing well. In Tigrai, sev- sionary and was led to Chri!!t. His eral Moslems are advancing towards example brought others and the Christ, among them is a young and in- thronging to the house of the missiontelligent sheikh. ary became so great that he despaired of his strength. People besieged his

home fifty to a hundred at a time! ceedingly hostile. Now they are be- The time of despair became a time of ·seeching the mission for teachers. salvation. The door of a new movement toward Christianity is thus opened. The church of Niassa is at present in the third such period. The 15,000 Missions in South Africa Christians ()f the period before the War have grown to 70,000, with 20,000 WE HAVE by general consent a more inquiring. The 15 missionaries magnificent opportunity in the of that period had to be reduced to 10 mine compounds. Yet I am assured and of these only 9 are available for on all hands that ma:ny of these evangelistic work. Now the mission heathen natives are already Gospelis facing the pr.oblems of a forming hardened. They are so accustomed on church, education, literature, the re- Sunday or in the evenings to seeing visi{)n of the translation of the New and hearing half a dozen competing Testament, the education of pastors evangelists that they ignore the lot. and teachers and the raising up of leaders. The report says, "We are so And while all this overlapping and few in numbers, so weak in resources, rivalry are gving on we ignore the that it is a time of despair in our- startling fact that there are more selves. We look to God. When will heathen in South Africa today than our salvatiQn come 7" there were thirty years ago. Too often you see side by side half a dozen mean Change in the Leipzig Mission churches engaged in an unholy rivalry.

NOTWITHSTANDING its r e – I ask all who love our Lord ro consider stricted income the Leipzig Mission is compelled to extend its work how this must grieve Him as He into the plains and thus alter the pleads for us that we may be one, character. Up to the present its and to join earnestly in His great African work has been mostly in the prayer. So much progress has been hill country of the Kilimanjaro region, made in the last few years that we with two centers in the plains: New have grounds for hope. Let us pray Moshi and Arusha. It appears, how- in faith that the Holy Spirit may ever, that the population of the up- bring us to repentance for whatever lands is not likely to grow much and sins of ours-scorn, suspicio·n, ecclein view of the millIons with which this siastical snobbery, faint-heartedness society is dealing in India the few -have contributed to the present dismountain people seem too few, espe- union and that He may show us God's cially when the population of the plains is growing by leaps and bounds. will.-THE BISHOP OF JOHANNESBURG The two stations mentioned are growing rapidly into cities and the fear is in the South African Outlook. entertained that Islam may spread into these regions. If that were to WESTERN ASIA happen, the stations would be cut off from all contact with each other and With a Movie Outfit the native Christians as well as the missionaries are urging the extension PAUL NILSON, a missionary of the of the work in the plains. American Board, travels into the country districts of Turkey with a Last year several stations were movie outfit. Seven days on the road; opened in the plains and now it is con- seven educational movie shows in six templated to open two more: Nava- different Turkish towns; attendance vera and Engaruka. The work among averaging three hundred per night; the Masai is growing rapidly, which audiences include leaders, such as is all the more gratifying since these teachers, officers, merchants, as well as people only a few years ago were ex- men and boys, many of whom had never before seen a movie.

In the first town of mud houses, half a day's notice through the schools and shops gathered three hundred men and boys. At the end of the trip,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the Turkish teacher said: "We Turks wards, not only with the doctor and will not do any work like this unless nurses, but also with all who have we get paid for it. We must learn to ministered to Him and in His name.- sacrifice." ALICE BARBER, in The Syria News Quarterly. Jesus in the Wards Seventy Years of Orphanage Work I NCIDENTS in the Kennedy Me- morial Hospital in a report from I N 1860 during persecutions of Chris- Alice S. Barber: tians by the Druses, thousands of ChrIstians were put to death imd more "Cheer me with your book," said a than 20,000 widows and orphans Moslem woman beside whom I was roamed in destitution over the Lebsitting, pointing to my Bible; and so a'non mountains. At that time the the story of the brazen serpent was grandfather of the present director, read with the statement: "For as Ludwig Schneller, journeyed from Moses lifted up the serpent in the Jerusalem to Beirut and gathered the wilderness, even so must the Son of first nock of orphans in Syria and Man be lifted up," and why. brought them to Jerusalem. He be- gan to shelter them in his own house A favorite chapter with the women and, in spite of the limited accommodaof the ward is Luke 15, for the de- tions, he cared for 30 children. scriptions fit into their own lives. When passing from bedside to bedside His son now writes: "How wonderwith friendly greetings a:nd inquiries, fully the hand of God ruled over this the invitation frequently com e s : house! It has gone through great "Tafuddali, sit down." So the white periods of stresR that threatened its bench which fits under the bedstead is very existence. Once there was such pulled out between the two beds, whose a financial stress that it seemed the occupants are often joined by one or doors would have to be closed. Once more of those able to walk around, and there was a great conflagration which the Book is opened. Occasionally a consumed everything that had been particular selection is called for, as: built up in 50 years. Then came the "Now read me about the Sower.'" World War during which the orphan- age was taken away from us and man- To the tiny children picture books aged for three years by strangers. bring much pleasure. "Our Farm But the Lord has delivered us and has Friends," "Our Zoo Friends," the carried us over as on eagles' wings." books of birds and automobiles, bring a look of eager interest to many a Today there stands the "Schneller pale face. District" composed of more than forty buildings, orphanages for boys and One white lipped youngster, ill with girls, schools, day nurseries, home for typhoid fever, looked up to inquire: apprentices, home for the blind, pre- "What wonderful thing have you to paratory school, seminary, a home for show today?" "Pictures, pictures," boys learning trades and parish was his daily plea, and the brightly houses. There is also a great induscolored lesson leaves were brought t.o trial building where the boys learn all him, and he knew their stories almost sorts of trades. The institutions have without exception. He had learned an agricultural colony in Bir Salem, about David and Jonathan and Moses with the Philistian orphanage, a small when he attended a Christian Bible orphanage in Nazareth and an agri- School. cultural station in Cheeme. At present 370 children are being educated in the The patients are always told that a institutions, together with 43 apservice is held every morning where prentices and 30 tradesmen in the prayer is offered that God might give various trades. The fame of the inthe doctor skill and bless his efforts to make them well. Thus "the Divine Healer of Gennesaret" has walked the

stitutions is so great that last year representing the Roman Catholic, alone over 450 applications had to be Syrian and Protestant groups, re- refused. cently signed the following statemen11: "For the preservation of our rights Island of Socotra and culture we do not ask for any SOCOTRA is under the protection special safeguards. We rely upon our of Great Britain and contains 1,382 own inherent abilities, strength and square miles with a population of public spirit, and upon the sense of about 12,000. They are a mixed race justice and good will of our sister comof Arab'S with a strain of African munities." blood. They speak Arabic. There are no missionaries on the island and we In regard to religious liberty they have no record to show when it was make the following statement: last visited by Christians. Probably one of the colporters of the British "We are in general agreement with and Foreign Bible Society visited it the fundame'ntal rights drawn up by in recent years. S.ocotra was formerly the National Congress. The right of a Christian island but at the end of religious liberty implies the right to the seventeen century was taken over share with others our religious conby Moslems. victions and experience. We can think of no effective freedom of conscience without the right to preach our faith openly and freely. To us, as to you, Persian Rugs and Hutnan Life the use of corrupt and unfair meth- ods of conversion is distasteful. We K ERMAN is one of the centers of condemn them wholeheartedly. . . . the Persian rug industry. About We hold that the permeation of Chris- 3,000 women and girls work as weavers tian ideals of life and society will but in this town alone, 9 hours a day in enrich the culture and civilization of summer and 11 hours in winter. The our country. Good Christians are ever majority of these weavers are poor, g.ood citizens a'nd we believe that India undergrown creatures with crippled will never have cause to regret the lega. Before the girls are 7 years old, growth of the Christian Church." they are apprenticed by their parents.

For the five years .of apprenticeship Methodist Anniversary the parents receive about $20.00, and later $30.00 to $40.00 a year. THE se.venty-fift~ a~niversary of the foundmg of mISSIOnary work in The girls themselves receive no India by the Methodist Episcopal wages. They sit on narrow planks, Church will be celebrated this coming without support for their backs, and winter throughout the churches of this causes deformity. Most of them India and Burma. A son of one of the are married later in life and the birth earliest missionaries, Bish.oP Brenton of a child involves great danger to Thoburn Badley, is chairman of the about 75% of them. One woman doctor Jubilee Commission. Three special of the Church Missionary Society lives dates will be commemorated: Decemand works among them. She is re- ber 7, 1931, seventy-fifth anniversary spected and loved by all and her con- of the arrival of Dr. William Butler tinued remonstrances are beginning at BareiIIy; February 7, 1932, seventyto cause a larger public concern and a fifth anniversary of the first Methdesire to remedy these conditions. odist religious service in India, and INDIA AND BURMA March 11, seventy-fifth anniversary of the arrival of Dr. Butler's first re- Christians Ask Religious Liberty cruits.

T HE educated Indian Christians In addition to Ctoh'ensfeer' esnpceeciaslessdiaoyns~ are, as a rule, strong Nationalists various district and favor the principles advocated by will be held throughout India and Mahatma Gandhi. Ten Christians, Burma.

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In the seventy-five years since the inary in Madras, which is organized Methodist Episcopal Church entered under the official name of High Grade India there has grown a church with Theological College. It is open only 350,000 members, 2,273 Indian min- to men who have received the A.B.

isters, 140,000 Sunday-school pupils, degree. The several missions each and 45,000 day-school pupils. furnish professors for the faculty.

The administration is in the hands of Model Village Plan three groups, a college council, an WORLD CALL tells of an experi- executive council and the faculty. ment by which the United Christian Missionary Society plans to teach New Native Bishop girls of India the fine art of living. A ASECOND native bishop was conmodel village is to be built on twenty- secrated in October, when the five acres of government jungle land, Rev. John Sharat Chandra Banerjee near the village of Jyotipur. The girls became assistant bishop of Lahore. will live in cottages, and while they He has been chosen not simply because will be self-governing as far as pos- he is an Indian, but because he seems, sible, Qversight and training will rest in the natural development of the with the teachers. Government Middle Church of India, to be the right man School curriculum will be followed, al- for the office. He is enthusiastic, cullowing six years instead of four, so tivated, experienced. The other Inthat practical work may be introduced. dian Bishop is Bishop Azariah, of Around each cottage will be garden Dornakal, consecrated in 1912, who space, and at one side .of the village, has proved himself a welcome and pasture for sheep and cows. Butter effective addition to the bishops of the and cheese making, poultry raising Anglican Communion in India and and bee culture will form a part of the training. Girls will be taught sewing, abroad. especially mending-a thing few In- In March, 1930, the Church of Engdians know how to do; hygiene and sanitation, care of infants; a simple land in India became legally the Church of India, Burma and Ceylon.

course in civics. There will be leader- SIAM ship cour·ses, giving practice in lead- Lepers Give to Missions ing meetings, making outlines of speeches, parliamentary law, and con- THE Chiengmai Leper church has ducting and taking intelligent part in recently forwarded to the Ameribusiness meetings ·of various kinds. can Mission to Lepers a gift of ticals The girls will deposit their money in 20 ($8.85). The superintendent of a bank, kept by the manager, and draw the asylum, which is under the Presit out by check. It is also planned to byterian Board of Foreign Missions, teach religious education, for training says: the girls to be better Sunday-school teacher.s, and to teach their own chil- This small gift expresses in a very dren and to be able to tell stories. meagre way their gratitude for the many Girls in the highest classes will be blessings they have received. Not the given practice in organizing and con- least of these blessings is their faith in ducting Junior and Senior Christian God and their renewed faith in man. Endeavor Societies, MissIon Bands They, themselves, are unable to do direct and Junior Church. evangelism but they can send small sums in order that some one else may be used in this Christian work. Everyone of the more than four hundred patients in this leper village is a Christian.

Lutheran Cooperation On Sunday, July 26, their new pastor was installed.. It was a big day for the FIVE Lutheran Missions in India, church and practically every patient was the American, the Leipzig, the present. After charging the pastor with Danish, the Swedish, and Gossner, are his duties, the new man conducted the cooperating in the new theological sem- Communion service.

S

The Leper church is assuming the en- provision is made for nonregistered tire financial support of the new pastor. schools. Disabilities are imposed upon His principal work will be to visit rela- those who gradute from nonregistered tives and friends of leper patients whose schools. From this, it is perfectly homes are in this section of the country. clear that it is anticipated that there They are keen to have their own families, will be schools that elect not to regismost of whom are non-Christians, given ter at present. the opportunity of becoming Christians. "Yali (Yale in China, at Changsha) In addition to supporting their own after being actually registered, was pastor they have promised the sum of 'directed to witbdraw its registration ticals two hundred and fifty per year to and apply again!' the evangelistic work of Chiengmai Station, providing a suitable man can be "During two visits to Shanghai in found to visit small groups of Christians 1930, and one early in this year, I who rarely have the chance of meeting stayed at the Missionary Home, where the missionary or even the native evan- one meets people from all over China, gelists. Their interest in Christian work and found two significant things, viz.: of many kinds is a constant source of (a) among those who had tried regiswonder and inspiration to me. Within tration, considerable dissatisfaction the past few months they have given the was expressed; and (b) I was many big sum of ticals five hundred thirty-four times congratulated upon the decision (Tcs. 534). I am quite sure that no of the Shanghai district of the Ameriother church in Siam can compare with can Church Mission to defer registrathem for gifts and variety of interests. tion, and was assured that the position was widely endorsed. Numerous mis- This small cheque is sent with their sionaries representing several differprayers that your work among leper ent denominational boards expressed people of other lands may continue to be the wish that they had taken the same prospered of God. stand. Dr. John C. Ferguson, long time adviser to the Chinese govern- (Signed) J. HUGH McKEAN. ment, wrote: 'The provisions of the regulation (i. e., the order forbidding CHINA religious exercises in schools) do not Non-Registered Schools in China commend themselves to the good judg- ment of the average man.' " THOSE who delay registration of the mission school are not "oppos- Newspaper Reports Incomplete ing Chinese nationalism" and even breaking qtIin€se law, as some writers DR. JAMES H. FRANKLIN of the seem to intimate. American Baptist Missionary So- ciety has recently made an extended The Rev. B. L. Ancell, D.D., of the trip in China and gives a report very American (Protestant Episcopal) different from that in the daily press. Church, and principal of Haham He says: School, Yangchow, Kiangsu, writes: "Thera is no defiance, no opposition, A visitor to China may be so iminvolved in the position of those who pressed with the widespread poverty, ilurge a further delay before registra- literacy, disease, superstition, banditry tion …… We simply omit to claim and general disorganization that he will certain privileges to be accorded on utterly fail to recognize some of the concondition that we do certain things. structive movements. Although I jour- We fail to claim certain rights for our neyed eighteen hundred miles into the pupils: rights to enter certain uni- interior of China, I did not find a town versities, rights to engage in govern- of any size that within four or five years ment service, etc. had not torn down hundreds or thou- sands of buildings in order to widen its "The present welter of multitudi- streets; nor did I find any such town nous laws and regulations creates such that had not recently paved those widan uncertainty as to constitute a rea- ened thoroughfares. In Chengtu, with a son for friendly pause rather than population of 600,000, seventeen hundred haste. No clean-cut body of school law exists that is applied as law.

"If from the state of school law in China anyone thing becomes clear, it is this: That under the regulations,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

miles 'from the sea, wide thoroughfares about three millions. Although in had been made and every street in the city had been paved within a period of other parts of China they are mixed five years. Schools were being conducted by the Chinese authorities in all of the~e with the Chinese, in Kansu they trace places, despite ~he ~isturbances. ElectrIC lights were bemg mtroduced and many their origin to three races, Arab and of the young people were dreaming of better things for their country. oPledrsHiaun~ Turkish, and a branch of the family. Since the beginning The United Lutheran Church of the Manchu dynasty, they have been THE Missionstidning for Finland the official journal of the Finnish a constant source of irritation and National Foreign Mission Society reports that the Lutheran Church Union trouble to the Chinese people, and inin China founded in 1920, was made up at that time of five missions, t.he creasing enmity has been the result. Norwegian in central Hunan, the Fmnish in northeastern Hunan, that of At present Moslem powel' is in the asthe Augustana Synod in Honan and that of the United Lutheran Church in cendancy in Northwest China. Very Honan and Hupeh, as well as the Swedish Church.. The mission of the Mis- few Christian missionaries are at souri Synod, the missions of Norway and Sweden, the Basel Mission and the work among these Moslems and Rhenish Society were outside of the union. throughout China the Christian ap- The Lutheran Church Federation proach to Moslems is a neglected task. meeting is attended by delegates from all over China, so that the territorial The successful missionary should be extension of the church in China is the most far-flung in the world, although equipped with a knowledge of Arabic, in actual numbers it is relatively small. as well as of the vernacular. The task At the sixth annual convention the Chinese were in the majority; there calls for cooperation between the variwere Germans, Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Finns and Americans as well ous missionary agencies, and the Naas a Korean, Japanese and Esthonian in attendance. It was a harmonious tional Christian Council in China has and congenial group. been asked to reorganize a special com- A Chinese Christian, Pastor Chu Hao-ran, was elected president and the mittee on work for Moslems through first vice-president is Pastor Ai Ho-nan from Honan and the second, Pastor which all the missronary boards work- Paul Anspach of the mission of the United Lutheran Church. ing in China might cooperate to deal Moslems in China more effectively with the needs of Chi- REV. J. FINDLAY ANDREW, a nese Moslems. Special literature, fa- missionary of the China Inland Mission, who has more than twenty cilities for training missionaries and years' experience in the Province of Kansu and who is especially ac- united prayer are earnestly requested. quainted with the problems of missions to Chinese Moslems, reports that A Reviva.l in Manchuria Moslems in Kansu Province number AREVIVAL of unusual nature in Eastern Manchuria which has at- tracted widespread attention is going on in the Danish mission in Dairen, according to the Danslc Missions blad. Dairen is a large modern city with buildings in western style. There are nearly 300,000 Chinese inhabitants and many Japanese. The Danish mis- sion has one married missionary there, Rev. and Mrs. Jansen, two Chinese preachers, six evangelists and four Bible women.

In September, 1929, a young Chi- nese candidate for ordination preached on "Regeneration" and told how he was led by God's Spirit to use John 3: 13. For two years he had been a fierce opponent of one of the mission- aries but had been converted. Before Pastor Hsieh had finished, a wave of excitement swept over the assembly. Later another Chinese pastor, Wang

Ming Tao, heightened the impression rural millions. The industrial field with earnest admonitions. Later remains unopened. Christians who Wang spoke seven hours without ap- own factories are to be called into con- ference for discussion of such topics parent fatigue. as capitalism, labor conditions, hours, A meeting of the Bible women fol- wages and relations with workers.

lowed and the rumor of a revival Japanese Christians and China spread through the surrounding country. Later great meeting,s were held No JAPANESE Christian wants in New Chwang and in Mukden. war with China or with anyone else. Church people were shocked to Missionary Aksel Sorenson writes: hear the war news on the very morn- "We are a growing flock and rejoice ing of the collection for Chinese flood at what is taking place and at the relief; perhaps the offering was largthought that God's time has come for er on this account. Although the a blessing. The revival out here will Christians do not feel themselves mean a revival at home, as well as new strong enough yet to welcome reproach life and new power. for opposing national military policy, they are indulging widely in words of The revival has spread over Dairen, caution and in hopes that the current Port Arthur, Chinchou, Takushan, problems may be peacefully solved. Feng-hwang-ch'eng Antung, Kwan- Most Japanese feel there is as much tien, Huanjou, Mukden, Changchung, justification for a Japanese Monroe Petune, Sweihwafu. The missionary doctrine for Manchuria as for any othconcludes by saying "God is calling er, and with China's inability to set aloud to His people in Denmark in all her own house in order, as well as with that is happening here in China. He her violations of Japan's treaty rights, is calling us to a full surrender, to there must naturally be an end to pasanctification and to a holy service in tience somewhere, even among relaprayer, work and sacrifice." tives. There is, however, general Christian agreement that the patience JAPAN-CHOSEN of the Japanese army authorities was prematurely exhausted.-T. T. Brum- The Kindom of God Movement baugh.

DESPITE the absence of Toyohiko Christian Night Schools Kagawa, the Kingdom of God movement has gone forward with in- NIGHT schools connected with Miscreasing success. This united Chris- aki Tabernacle in Tokyo furnish tian campaign, which has now been one of the city's most important fields endorsed by almost all the Protestant for evangelistic work. "Instead of bodies, reported more local campaigns spending their leisure time in the held during the first six months of city's 7,500 cafes and places of amuse- 1931 than during all 1930. The num- ment," writes Dr. William Axling, ber of Christians now enrolled in vari- "the best of Tokyo's youth devote their ous sorts of training classes, all of evenings to study, and with high purwhom expect to go into the active work pose expose themselves to Christian of the movement, is rapidly increas- teachings, Christian influences and ating. The most significant recent de- mosphere. The interest in the chapel velopments have been the beginning services and the Bible classes ha,s been of work in the hitherto untouched maintained at a high level. There are rural regions and the addition of a 899 young men and women enrolled in factory and industry section to the the three night schools. Of that numprogram. There are about 12,000 vil- ber 294 are young women who work lages in Japan, with a population in in offices, and who have enrolled that the neighborhood of 40,000,000. By providing special training for young people who live in these villages the Kingdom of God Movement is planning to open its real drive on Japan's

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

they may improve themselves mentally ty, and Christian work is suffering and spiritually. Japan's youth are thereby. Christian cooperation is bealive to the tasks before them." ing tried; agriculture is studied as never before. To Study Japan's Schools Professor L. George Paik, Ph.D., of FOUR American educators will de- Seoul, in his "History of Protestant vote the winter months to a study Missions in Korea," sums up his conof Christian educati'onal systems and clusions as to conditions in his native institutions in Japan. The Interna- land as follows: tional Missionary Council is sponsor for the project, which is similar to When Korea was opened to the West, those recently completed in southern the greatest change wrought in the life and eastern Asia. of the people was the introduction of Christianity. Evangelical Christianity The American commissioners are entered the country when it was still an President G. Bromley Oxnam of De- independent nation …… Annexation in Pauw University, Greencastle, Ind.; 1910 was only the culmination of the long Dr. Frank W. Padelford of the Bap- processes of decay originating before the tist Education Board, Dr. Edward Ry- opening of the country. The intercourse nearson, Pittsburgh, Pa., and Miss of the West awakened the nation to a Ruth T. Woodsmall, research worker new life purpose. The infusion of Chrison institjltions for women. tian ideals gave to it a new birth ….. . The persistently active minority have al- CrOBS Currents in Korea ready made themselves felt among their non-Christian neighbors. The rebirth of K OREA has now been a part of the a nation in the heart of the Orient, the Japanese Empire for twenty rousing to new leadership of a people years. Law making and enforcement once spiritual leaders in the Far East, are efficient, for Japan aspires to rule who, through the fire of a new zeal are effectively. Through government con- impelled to proclaim to others their new trol and commercial enterprise, the faith, is the story of Christian expansion Japanese have done much to make in Korea. Korea physically and economically a new country. Government auto bus ISLANDS OF THE SEA lines, passenger and freight traffic have been greatly extended. Banking Will T"hiti Retreat? and commercial facilities and modern public utilities have been developed in I s CIVILIZATION, as interpreted a decade. Fine cities with modern by Europe and America, a help or buildings, water, light and transpor- a handicap? This is a question that is h~tion are growing up. Silk and cotton being seriously considered in the Ismills, tobacco factories, machine shops land of Tahiti, in the South Seas. The and other new industries have come. world economic depression is so greatly The Japanese postal system is efficient. affecting the islands that they appear Daily papers, the moving pictures, and to be on the verge of renouncing the even the radio are becoming common. ways of white civilization. Western clothing, medicine, machinery, books, athletics-all are taking In a resolution adopted by the Aghold of Korea. The Japanese school ricultural Union of Tahiti (says the system gives promise of future bless- N eU' York Times) and forwarded to ing to the nation. France, the islanders of the French South Sea colony are urged to resume On the other hand, if a million Ko- their ancestral modes of life and abanreans are prospering, eighteen mil- don the attempt to maintain modern lions are struggling for life's necessi- methods of living and trading. ties. Eighty per cent of the Koreans, mostly farmers, are in hopeless pover- This appeal recommends that the natives discard European clothing, re- turn to the simple outdoor life and give up life in the towns, with their artificial commercial existence, which is held responsible for the degenera- tion of island civilization.

Tahiti is one of the Society Islands In addition to this there are 2,788,625 and has an area of about 600 square native whites of foreign or mixed miles with a population of 8,585. The parentage. This means that there are capital is Papeete, a town which in- over 5,000,000 persons of foreign cludes about half of the whole.popula- stock, which number is over two- tion of the island. The Paris Evan- thirds the total population of the megelical Mission has been working here tropoli,s. It is surprising to find that since 1863 and has missionaries in the persons born in Russia, who num- Papeete and Morrea. Their communi- ber 442,431, now exceed slightly the cant Christians number about three number of those born in Italy. thousand. Cost of Crime "IGoing to School in Papua OFTEN wonder what children at T HE Wickersham Commission on home would think of the way Crime presents a vast body of children out here in Kwato come to carefully compiled statistics regardschool. ing the cost of crime and crime pre- vention. The cost of crime and efforts "The channel between Kwato and to prevent and to punish it by federal, Logea is about two hundred yards state and local agencies, is considerwide at its narrowest point and at all ably above one billion dollars a year times has a strong current runniIJ,.~ or $2,740,000 a day, or $114,000 an through it. This has to be crossed to hour! But the greatest c'ost of crime get to school. On a warm day the and its most terrible results is not its children paddle their outrigger ca- cost in dollars but the injury that it noes; on a windy day they sail; on an does to its perpetrators, its victims, unlucky day they swim. and to society as a whole.

"I love to watch the scramble before For a Christian the cause and the they get off in the morning-a great cure are not complex but simple, not bustling of grass skirts; last touches obscure but clear: to their carefully combed hair and shining bodies. One Dr two of the Cause-sin. This is revealed in selfolder boys swagger down to where ishness, a lust for gold and an ignotheir own little 'two-seater' lies, hol- rance of God and a disregard for His lowed out and finished off with their laws. This applies to both rich and own hands; they get quietly in and poor, high and low, native and foreign, paddle off. A little group of children white and colored, capitalists and manlook forlorn because their fathers have ual laborers. appropriated the family canoe for the day. They are not despondent long, Cure-faith in God and obedience however, for in a trice they have di- to His laws of life as made known vested themselves of any superfluous through Jesus Christ. This includes covering and entrusted their school self-sacrifice, a love for our fellowmen books to those in canoes. Then they of every race and station; plain livjump into the sea and are soon half ing, faithful and energetic use of way across the channel; their woolly whatever talents and opportunities we black heads bobbing up and down in have; recognition of the sovereignty the waves."-Hal,~iday Scrymgeour, in of God and seeking first the establish- Kwato Mission Tidings. ment of His righteous rule over every department of life-personal, indus- trial, political and religious.

NORTH AMERICA Allied Temperance Forces New York a Foreign City THE prohibition movement in America needs to be unified and to ACCORDING to the 1930 census fig- emphasize education if temperance is 1'. ures there are 2,283,400 foreign- to win. There are over forty prohibi- tion organizations or agencies operatborn white persons in New York City.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing on a more or less national scale. The Disciples' Message Differences find expression in rivalries and disputes. THE International Convention of the Disciples of Christ met this In recent years progress has been year in Wichita, Kansas. The United made in bringing the temperance 01'- Christian Missionary Society carries ganizations together on the basis of a on the work of home and foreign misfederation and the National Confer- sions, church erection, benevolence and ence of Organizations Supporting the religious education. The reports were Eighteenth Amendment includes thir- more encouraging than might have ty-four agencies in its membership. been expected, considering the busi- A national board of strategy is em- ness situation. The call to hold the powered to guide the political policy lines and permit no retreat sounded of the "drys" through the year ahead. by President Corey met sympathetic response in the convention. A notable The Allied Forces for Prohibition, message to the churches from the enunder the leadership of Daniel A. Pol- tire secretarial group was read and ing, Oliver W. Stewart, Raymond Rob- was given wide publicity in the press. ins and others plan to hold dry meetings in 269 cities in every state in the Among the more notable utterances union before June 1, 1932, and to set were the following: up a popular organization in each city to spread the net of the organization "We must develop a missionary spirover the entire country. Every move- it and program which proclaims Christ ment in favor of temperance anlJ law as the world's Saviour. We must recobservance should unite to work in ognize that our Christian heritage harmony and ceaselessly to educate makes us and our land undying debtthe youth and to uphold Christian ors to all mankind. We must make the standards. education of our day thoroughly and devoutly Christian. Our evangelism Juvenile Delinquent. must call men and women to a com- plete surrender to the unqualified reg- THE report made by the Wicker- nancy of Christ. We must attain an sham Crime Commission states exalted concept of Christian stewardthat the United States Government ship and apply the means and methods had in its custody during the last half whereby it can be made a permanent of 1930 some 2,243 juvenile delin- factor in undergirding Kingdom enquents who have come into the cus- terprises …… Recognizing then the tody of the state. How so many validity of Jesus as the world's Savminors became Federal charges is a iour and convinced without doubt that mystery, although it is explained that the only hope of our age lies in Him, bootlegging, narcotic -violations and we pledge ourselves afresh in those various forms of delinquency that wistful words of the Jerusalem Concross state lines have placed them in ference which came hot from the crucidurance. The facts as presented are ble in which the Christian leaders of distressing. That the young should fifty nations had defined their faith: be in prison is bad enough, but that 'We cannot live without Christ. We they should be ill-treated and poorly cannot bear to think of others living housed is worse. The commission, without Him. We cannot be content through Mariam Van Waters, the so- to live in a world which is un-Christcial worker, who made the investiga- like. We cannot be idle while the longtion, has performed a valuable service. ing of his soul is unsatisfied." It is to be hoped that the revelations will produce some practical results in A Million Thank-Offering the way of a remedy-both for the causes and the conditions revealed.- I N THE face of the economic stress The Churchman. which has engulfed the whole world the united thank offering of the women of the Protestant Episcopal

Church for the current triennium Dr. Richter asks the pertinent ques- reached the sum of $1,059,575.27. This tion as to whether our Christianity offering comprised the gifts of all has a message of such compelling pow- women of the church, whether factory er that it will be able to rise above the girl or wealthy matron, hard working bogs of religious neglect and despair mother or isolated ranch woman, wom- and enter upon a new way. He says, en from the remotest outposts in the "If we will be honest, we must per- Philippine Islands, women on the sug- haps acknowledge that there is among ar centrale.s in Cuba and the Domini- men today only one enthusiasm that can Republic, women in Haitian carries along a hundred million human villages, women of a dozen races in beings in its intoxication, namely Rus- Hawaii, women from Japanese fi·shing sian communism, which promises to villages and from the centers of J apa- build up a new civilization on the nese culture, women from inland China foundation of a logical altruism. Be- who live in daily peril of their lives, hind this communistic movement Liberian school girls in West Africa, stands a fiery enthusiasm which sees Eskimo women in the far north, Mexi- the daybreak of a new day after the can women in remote mountain homes. night of a decadent capitalism. It is While the offering is primarily for the a very serious question whether Chris- support of women missionaries, it has tianity today is capable of kindling a been customary to use a part for build- similar or even more glowing enthusi- ings and equipment. asm in the hearts of its hundreds of millions of sated and ·self-satisfied ad- "THome Mission Theme for 1932-3 hermIts, who might be willing to give HE American Indian" will be the a few crumbs from their rich board to theme for the interdenomination- the despairing Lazaruses at their al Home Mission books in 1932-33. doors.

Dr. Lewis Meriam will prepare the Does Christianity have this mes- book for adults. In addition to having sage? I mention five points which ap- a deep personal interest in the Indian pear to me to have incomparable worth missionary work of the church he has for all of the human race, especially been technical director of the survey in the present crisis: (1) The mes- of Indian affairs conducted under the sage of God, the sovereign Ruler of Institute for Government Research at the universe, who lays unlimited claim Washington. His book will deal more upon the unconditional obedience of with the future than the past of the every man; (2) The reality of re- Indian. The first part will consider demption through the Only Begotten the Indian situation as it is today and Son of God, the atonement through the second, opportunities for Chris- His cross and life through His resur- tian service. rection, (3) The ethical impulses from GENERAL the reality .of the Holy God, the only possible moral backbone for the world Need for Missionary Passion that is seriously ill with moral ail- TH E AUgemeine Missionszeit- ments; (4) The message of a uni- schTilt, which Dr. Julius Richter versal judgment of the living and the edits, contains an informing article on dead, which guarantees everlasting missionary opportunities and difficul- righteousness as the fundamental law tie·s faced by American mission of thi s world; (5) The message of the boards. He does full justice to the Kingdom of God as the real purpose splendid way in which these boards of God in and with this cosmos, con- have been carrying on but sees great tents and goal of the development of difficulties in raising funds and secur- the human family.

ing missionaries. In some respects Might it not be possible to penetrate the picture is nearly as dark as the the Christian treasures of salvation conditions faced by European socie- with such a missionary glow that they ties. would set the 'churches aflame 7"

WORTH

~~ Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Japan Mission Year Book, 1931. Ed- missiDns and missiDnaries, educatiDn ited by Rev. L. J. Sha~er: 8 V? .449 and sDcial prDgress. Several chapters pp. Federation of ChI"lstIan MlsslOns. are 'Of special value and impDrtance Tokyo. such as thDse 'On "The Statute of Reg- istratiDn," "Cause 'Of Anti-Christian People who are interested in Japan M'ovements," "The Kuomintang and will find this publication of exceptIOn- ReligiDn" and "Change in Family al value. It presents not 'Only a wide Life." The whDle vDlume is essential range of authDritative infDrmatiDn re- tD thDse WhD wDuld understand the garding the missiDnary' wDrk 'Of all present situatiDn and DUtlDDk. denDminatiDns in Japan and FDrmDsa, but includes valuable chapters 'On the Negro Year Book: An Annual Encyclogeneral situatiDn in Jap~~ – s?ci.al, pedia of the Negro, 1931-32. By MoneCDnDmic, religiDus and pDlItlcal, III Its roe N. Work. 544 pp. $2. Tuskegee bearing upDn the Christian mDvement. Institute. Alabama. This Eighth EditiDn is a distinct A. J. B. imprDvement 'Over earlier issues bDth The China Christian Year Book, 1931. Ed- in CDntent and arrangement 'Of matter. ited by Frank Rawlinson. 8 va.. 437 Most of the material is new and, in a pp. $2. Christian Literature SocIety. concise form, gives a comprehensive Shanghai, China. view of the events affecting the NegrD China is rapidly making hist'Ory, as and the prDgress he is making throughDut the world. Special sectiDns is clearly shown in this seventeenth are devDted tD International CDoperaissue 'Of the China MissiDn Year B'Ook. tion through the Church and other F'Orty writers have contributed tD the agencies, national cDnsCiDusness, disv'Olume, half of them being Chinese, criminatiDns against Negroe·s, segre- S'O that the result presents a compDslte gation, and the NegrD in pDlitics, view 'Of a very critical situation. educati'Onal pr'Ogress and the NegrD Christian activity has increased in the in the church. Nearly 'One hundred last two years and anti-Christian pages are given t'O the NegrD in EurDpe movements are less pr'On'Ounced. S'Ome and in Africa. The c'Oncluding secti'Ons misshmary p'Olicies and methDds have deal with the Negr'O in p'Oetry, a rechanged and many new experiments view 'Of recent bDDks relating tD the are being tried. The Chinese Church Negro and a direct'Ory 'Of N egr'O newsis helping to rebuild China and its papers, agencies, and 'Organizati'Ons. p'Ower is being felt. The Five Year The statistics (page 537) are inaccu- Movement is making prDgress and ID- rate and the index is inadequate. eal groups of Christians are cooperating with the Central Committee. It S. M.Z. is a day 'Of great need and great 'Opportunity for Christianity in China.

The next ten years will probably set God's World, By Cornelius Howard Patthe mold in which the future of the ton. 297 pp. $2. Richard R. Smith. nation is cast. New York. 1931.

We have the usual sections of the The day has passed when the true year b'Ook where vari'Ous authors ably follower 'Of Christ can be provincial discuss nati'Onal and religious life, and insular in his views of G'Od's world 953

if ever such a day existed. The prog- physician. Dr. Schweitzer sees Africa ress of the past few years strikingly and the Africans as they are-without manifests our nearness to one another, much romance or poetry-but with and the need for neighborliness among great human need and in dire physical nations. In such a day the world has suffering which he is trying to relieve. need of the Church of Christ, and f He describes his experiences-doctorinteIligent, compassionate, ecumenical ing, operating, disciplining, teaching Christians. morals and religion, erecting build- ing·s, feeding the people, conducting Dr. Patton pays tribute to those re·search. It is a simple, intimate, who, with humility and the spirit of vivid story of a humanitarian work brotherliness and with sacrifice, are well done. making their contribution to the realizing of the Christian ideal through- We Are Alaskans. Mary Lee Davis. 335 out the world, but he states with pp. $3.50 W. A. Wilde Co. Boston. regret that in the church these are a 1931. minority. Today God's world is hungry and piteously sick, large areas are In "Uncle Sam's Attic" Mary Lee darkened by ignorance and sin, but Davis achieved a striking success with too many in the ·Christian Church are a volume of general information on narrow and selfish, when their inter- Alaska. It was written so charmingly est should be cosmopolitan." In a clos- that it stands easily first in the books ing chapter, "A Possible World," the descriptive of our great north land. author calls us, as Christians, away "We Are Alaskans" attains the same from our apathy and indifference to high level of interest and value. One apostolic steadfastness and the tre- cannot know the human, and therefore mendous adventure of world-living real, Alaska, until one has read these and giving. "The one clear call for stories .of Eskimo, Tinneh, Thlingit the church to which you and I belong and frontiersmen – cheechakos and is to go and do the thing which is com- sourdoughs. Every story fairly bites manded and empowered by Christ." into one's interest but two stand out- Tillie Paul Tamaree and the Flu Epi- Some of the chapters treat of sub- demic at Fairbanks. Finely graven jects upon which books have been writ- cameos are they, the cost of reading ten. Bibliographies are provided for which is a clutch of throat and moisthe benefit of those who wish to pur- ture of eye. "Uncle Sam's Attic" and sue a specific subject. "WeAre Alaskans" are like two sides of a beautiful coin. Noone preparing This book has great clarifying value a paper or address on Alaska can afto those who are interested in missions ford to neglect these books. and world affairs, and is challenging and convincing to those who are not. A.J.M.

J. MeN. Studies in Christian Stewardship. By Rev. Douglas W. P. Strang. 2s. Interna- The First Hospital at Lambarene. By Al- tional Association for Church Fi- bert Schweitzer. 12 mo. $2. Holt & nances. 55 West Regent Street, Glas- Co. New York. 1931. go. 1931.

"On the edge of the Primival For- Strange to say, this is the first book est," which made Albert Schweitzer- on Stewardship yet published in Great German musician, physician, philoso- Britain. It is by the minister of the pher, missionary – well known in New Northern church, Edinburgh, and America and England, brought his ex- is a notable contribution to this vital periences up to 1924. This volume subject which is now challenging the records the story of his work from thinking of the church as never be- 1924 to 1928 when he went on fur- fore the world over. Mr. Strang relough to Europe. He is now back in gards it as nothing less than an inte- We·st Africa serving the people to gral, though long neglected part of the whom he has devoted his skill as a

BqOKS WORTH READING

Gospel. To appropriate a phrase of Dr. Schomerus shows clearly and his own, this little textbook of twelve unmistakably the principal elements chapters opens out "a tremendous in Buddhism and thus reaches the vista." Far from being a primer, deepest roots of the distinction be- though modestly offered as "a prelim- tween it and Christianity. He shows inary essay" these studies sweep the that the real difference lies in the fact wide ranges of the New Testament that Christianity is first of all con- along this line and incidentally the cerned with the conception of person- Old Testament and afford a key to un- ality and this brings him to the con- lock connections between the paBsages sideration of the question whether one of the two Testaments. They form an desires to be a personality in the invaluable contribution to the religious fullest sense of the word. The book education materials, furnishing a is a fine contribution to an under- missing link between mission study standing of Buddhism. C. T. B.

and daily life. D. MeC.

Buddha und Christus. By Professor Hilko Gandhi, Christus und wir Christen. By Wiardo Schomerus. Buchhandlung des Walter Gabriel. Buchhandlurtg des Weisenhauses. Halle. 1931. Waisenhauses. Halle. 1931.

Any publication by Dr. Schomerus, The author presents an evaluation the great authority on missions and the religions of the world, will be of Gandhi from the standpoint of hailed with joy. The present volume is particularly timely both in view of Christian teaching. When it is borne the fact that at present there is so in mind that for a long time the author much unclearness in regard to the fundamental questions of all religion had the portrait of Gandhi on his and because there is a widespread in- desk beside the picture of Christ, it clination on the part of seekers after the truth to look for comfort in other will not be feared that he does not religions. This is particularly true in regard to Buddhism, partly because of present his argument from a fair and the natural attraction in the person of unbiased standpoint. He has enthe founder of Buddhism and partly deavored to be so fair, that at times because men fancy to have discovered it seems as if he made too many conin it a guide out of the oppression of cessions to the great Indian leader. materialism. The book is a noteworthy contribu- In view of the fact that for a num- tion to the question of the religious ber of years past there has been an viewpoints of Gandhi. It draws a increasing propaganda for Buddhism clear line of distinction between the in many countries it is a matter of spiritual world of Gandhi and the great gratification that the comparison world of Christ's Gospel. As many between Buddhism and Christianity is admirers 'Of Gandhi see in him the inhere made by one of the greatest liv- corporation of Christ's ethics in the ing authorities on Bud d his m. Sermon on the Mount, they overlook Throughout the book the reader is the most important principles that dis~ conscious that the facts are presented tinguish Christ's revelation. It is to in the most frankly objective way. the credit .of Mr. Gabriel that he has brought out the great self-revelation Professor Schomerus states that he of God in Christ over against a mere aims to give an answer to four ques- ethical conception of the Gospel. He tions, namely: (1) Who is Buddha fortifies his positions by extracts from and who is Christ? (2) What are the public utterances of Gandhi and their basic views of God, the world constantly bears tribute to his lofty and man? (3) What did they aim at? ethical views. He shows the truth of (4) How did they think to carry out Gandhi's accusations against Christheir aim? tians so-called and sounds a clear note of appeal to repentance and a deeper penetration into that which actually constitutes the Gospel of Christ.

C. T. B.

NEW BOOKS Paths to the Presence of God. Albert W.

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Samuel Crowther of the Niger. Jesse Page. 12mo. 191 pp. 28. Pickering and Inglis. Glasgow. 1931.

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The Missionary Review of the World — April 1919

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THE MISSIONARY EVIEW~ • APRIL, 1919 GERMAN MISSIONS AFTER THE WAR BURTON ST. JOHN THE MASSES AND THE CLASSES IN INDIA J. c. R. EWING AN AMERICAN DOOR TO CENTRAL ASIA DWIGHT M. DONALDSON· A CHRISTIAN OPPORTUNITY AMONG SOLDIERS LEMUEL CALL BARNES SKY PILOT TO THE SAN BLAS INDIANS BELLE M. BRAIN HOW THE TURKS CONDUCT AN ORPHANAGE MAJOR STEPHEN V. TROWBRIDGE _YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY An Annuity Catechism What is a Life Annuity Bond of the Board of Foreign Missions?

It is a legal document issued by the Board · binding itself and its successor to pay a regular rate of interest to the beneficiary during life.

Why is an income from such a bond absolutely secure?

Because the Board's moral responsibility is co-equal with that of the Methodist Episcopal Church and its financial resources are as well conserved as consecrated business judgment can make them.

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class securities where it remains until the death of the peneficiary. It is then transferred to the general treasury and is available for appropriation by the Board or is expended as designated by the donor.

Address all correspondence regarding Life Annuity Bonds to George M. Fowles. Treasurer. Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist £piscopal Church. 150 Fihh Ave.• New York City

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the large, bold type. CHAT Then by "Just turning the knob" tte <I-<!-'lri-f,yt THE ANNUAL MEETING t'floe· 8 … ea.6.~ 1<>……~ The Missionary Review Publishing Company held its annual meeting at ,~ … ~~e Q<> …… es~<>~6.e~ce. 3 p. m. on February 20, 1919, at 156 6y Sunday SchooL notices. Fifth Avenue, New York City. Dr. Robert E. Speer, the President of the "Many Typewriters In One" Company, presided and made an address. The Treasurer, Mr. Walter Would you like to know why the McDougall, presented his report Multiplex Ha.mmond is so popular with showing the comparative income and ALL classes of p~DplBI We can tell expenditures for the years 1917 and you in fou.r words: 1918. The increase in subscription receipts amounted to $1000, and the Because of its versatility! decrease in the cost of manufacture has by economy amounted to about The Multiplex Ha.mmond d06! every- thing any other typewriter will do. $1000. a.nd beside8, if you '".Just turn the The Secretary presented his report knob tI you can cha.nge from one style of type, or from one language. to anof which the following are extracts: ,other. Note the above specimen The income from advertising has. (slightly reduced) all written on the has been 10% more than last year. SAME machine. The circulation of the REVIEW has No Other Typewriter Can Do This steadily increased through the efficient work of our circulation depart- No ma.tter who ment, and with the cooperation of you lire, what you such friends as Mrs. E. C. Cronk are. or where you and Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer. The are, the Multiplex number of new subscriptions re- Ha.mmond I. the ceived during the year was 2965. wrltln g machine The net increase was 12% for the for YOU. Man the coupon for year or over 60% since the magazine free folder.

was taken over from the former pub- Also a PORTABLE Model lisher. The REVIEW is on sale at 15 places in America and three in for- Full capacity. Weight about 11 pounds. eign lands, and we have the coopera- Ask for special folder. Mailed free. tion of 220 agents-almost double the number last year. Last' summer lnoui!'e ab~ut special terms to the REVIEW was represented at 105 ~ professional.. missionary conferences, scattered all over the United States and Canada. ____________ Free Folder _____________ The following mission boards have THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER co. undertaken to send the REVIEW to 577 East 69th St., New York City. each of their stations: the Women's Baptist Foreign Mission Society; the Please send free Folder to; United Presbyterian Board of For- Name _________________ eign Missions; the Executive Committee of the Presbyterian Church Addres•. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ ( South) ; the Foreign Christian Missionary Society: the Reformed Occupation _______- – – – – , – Church in America and the Reformed Presbyterian Church. Other Societies that have through friends arranged to send the REVIEW to some of their mission stations are the Lutheran General Council, the American Board, the American Friends and the Moravians. In this way the Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY Rt;vu;w OF 'tB~ WQ~~:P ill wripns 19 advertiser~ THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, EditIJr.

CONTENTS FOR APRIL, 1919 FRONTISPIECE-A FACSmII.E LE'tTJlR :FROM GENJlRAI. EDMUND H. H. AI.I.ENBY SIGNS OF THE TIMES • • ……… 241 CHRISTWARD MOVIiMENTS IN INDIA EGYPTIANS AND THE (;QSPIiI.

INDIA'S PR!iSENT DISTRIiSS INT!lRCHURCH CONFERIiNCE IN MEXICO HOME MISSIONS IN CHINA A JAPANESE VIEW OF EUROPE EDITORIALS . . . • . . . ..•…… . 247 BmI.E READING IN PUBLIC SCHOOI.S Is ABYSSINIA AWAKENING?

INTERPRETING INDIA TO AM1lRICA OUR A'tTITUDE TOWARD GJlRMAN MISSIONS GERMAN MISSIONS AFTER THE WAR. . . . . By BURTON ST. JOHN 251 An impressive array of facts in regard to the extent of German missions before the war, and the problem facing the Christian Church in post-war reconstruction. THE MASSES AND THE CLASSES IN INDIA. . . By J. C. R. EWING 259 One of the best living authorities on missions in India shows the progress of Christianity in its relation to the "Mass Movements."

AN AMERICAN DOOR TO CENTRAL ASIA. . By DWIGHT M. DONAI.DSON 266 With a series of striking maps, an American missionary points out the strategic importance of Meshed to the evangelization of Central Asia, including the closed land of Afghanistan.

THE CHRISTIAN OPPORTUNITY AMONG SOLDIERS By LEMuEl, CALI. BARNES 270 The tremendous problem before the Christian Church in caring for the re- turning soldiers is clearly set forth in its relation to the home mission problem, and the possible settlement of soldiers on western farms.

SALT AND ITS SAVOR IN CHINA. II. . . . By CHARLES E. SCOTT 274 The concluding part of a very graphic picture of the sufferings undergone by Chinese Christians because of their faith.

SKY PILOT TO THE SAN BLAS INDIANS . . . By Bl1LLl1 M. BRAIN 281 The story of a picturesque and fruitful life on an island near the Republic of Panama. Miss Coope has been called a second Mary Siessor. CHRISTMAS IN THE SLUMS OF TOKYO. . By WILLIAM 1. HuTCHINS 285 An Oberlin professor vividly gives the impression made upon him on his first visit to the slums of the Japanese capital.

HOW TURKS CONDUCT AN ORPHANAGE. . By STIiPHllN TROWBRIDGE 287 The story of what a major of the Red Cross discovered on his visit to a Turkish orphanage near Beirut.

WAR AND RELIGION "OVER THERE" . . . . By PHILIP E. HOWARD 289 BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT. . Edited by MRS. E. C. CRONK 292 THE ART OF SECURING AN AUDIENCE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARMIiR 300 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 304 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY …… 320 Missionary Personals . . Facts Warlh Quoting TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1919, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. AJI rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the post office at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of_March 3, 1879.

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ROBItRT E. SPlll1R, Presidt.. t DEI.AVAN L. PIl1RSON, Secretary FRANK L. BROWN, Via-Preside..t WAI.TllR McDoUGAI.I., Trea.rnrer ReVIew is being sent to 228 foreign This Service Flag mission stations. There are still sev- Will Last Forever eral hundred mission stations unsup- plied. Style 110 Size 25×36 Inches Letters received from pastors, SURELY you will honor permanently missionaries, professors in theological those from your Church or Sunday seminaries, women and laymen show that the "REVIEw" is filling a real school who helped defend our country in need in the lives of these friends en- gaged in Christian work. They re- the most stupendous of all wars and you port that it not only brings inspira- tion to them, stimulates their prayer have been wondering how to appropriately life and gives them a world vision, but that it is found especially useful replace your temporary service flag. in interesting others in missions through sermons, addresses and talks The finest testimonial that you could erect is an ex- at missionary meetings, and in the quisite bas relief design of indestructible LIBERTY preparation of missionary programs. BRONZE which faithfully reproduces the sculptor'. One layman was so impressed with best workmanship and is in true accord with recog- the articles on "The Church and the Social Question" that he has paid for nized fine art standard•. reprinting 10,000 copies and sending to 10,000 ministers with a question- W rite Their Names naire to obtain their views on the in "Liberty Bronze" subject. Each tablet is individually made to contain any The REVIEW also finds a place number of honor names. also an inscription of your in about 2000 libraries, and last year own choosing. and itwiII dignify any room or building. we noticed 275 quotations from our pages in over 100 papers and maga- Liberty Bronze process in addition to being best zines. Thus the largest reach of the for the purpose costs less than other bronze bas REVIEW is not through its direct sub- reliefs of inferior appearance. scribers, but through them to the from 10 to 1000 others to whom var- Write for Illustrated Catalo, No. 4A, atating numious subscribers pass on the infor- ber of atara in sen-ice fla, and character Df or,anmation and inspiration received. A ization contemplatin, erection of tellimoaiai tahlet. conservative estimate would mean that- one or more of its messages LIBERTY BRONZE WORKS reach as many as a million readers. Manufacturers of Artistic The Nominating Committee made Tablets for all Purposes its report and a vote by ballot was taken, resulting in the re-election of General Offices: 112 W. 40th St., New York the members of the Board of Directors for the year 1919.

*** .OUR WORLD TEMPERANCE NUMBER The May number of the REVIEW is to be devoted to the World Wide Temperance Movement. Since the various state legislatures have almost without exception voted for national prohibition as an amendment to the constitution of the United States, the movement toward world-wide prohibition as the only safe course has gained momentum. The reasons that have led America to favor this drastic action should also influence other Please mention 'rHn MISSIONARY REVIEW OF 'l'llE WORLD in writing to advertisers governments to make similar laws printed notice appearing in the last against a tra~c which brings benefit copy for which the subscription is only to those who conduct it for paid. All subscriptions are payable financial gain, and undeniably is a strictly in advance.

curse to humanity, bringing physical, *** moral and spiritual ruin to millions of men, women and children. We DATE OF PUBLICATION are presenting in the May number statements by the highest authorities, Considerable confusion and delay showing the effect of intoxicants and has resulted from the change of habit-forming drugs on the physical, printer from New York to Coopersmental and moral life of the human town. A number of circumstances, race. The effect also on industries, including influenza, transfer of paper politics and religion is brought out, and plates, and congestion at the so that the facts may be put in the printing office, delayed the January hands of patriots in various coun- and February numbers, so that many tries who wish to use these facts as complaints were received about the arguments in promoting temperance non-arrival or late arrival of copies and prohibition in their own lands. of the REVIEW. This has been a very trying experience for subscrib- Another series oJ articles in this ers and for those at the office of the same number is devoted to the needs REVIEw. We believe, however, that of various mission lands, and the the difficulty has been adjusted. The progress that has been made along March number was mailed on Febtemperance lines. ruary 24, and it is expected that the April number will reach the sub- It would be well for subscribers scribers before April 1st. It is our and others interested in this subject earnest endeavor to publish the REto send advance orders for the May VIEW in !ample time, so that those number. Already an extra edition who depend upon it for sermons and of 5000 copies has been ordered by missionary meetings will not be disone organization, and we expect a appointed by its late arrival. still larger demand. Copies should be sent to all the mission fields to be *** distributed among Christian workers. WOULD YOU LIKE TO AT- *** TEND A MISSIONARY CON- EDITIONS EXHAUSTED The December edition of the RE- FERENCE THIS SUMMER'!

VIEW was exhausted almost as soon You can go if you really want to.

as it came from the press. The Be a MISSIONARY REVIEW delegate. January number, in spite of the fact If you are longing to attend some that we printed a second edition of special Summer School and do not 1000 copies, is now entirely out of know just how to pay your expenses, print, and we have had orders for perhaps we C~ll1 help you. Let us over one hundred copies which know which conference you prefer, could not be supplied. An extra giving if possible the auspices under large edition of the February num- which it is heJd and dates. If you ber was printed. and has also been have not decided which one will be in such demand that we have not of greatest value to you let us know been able to supply all the orders; what work you are most interested consequently, future subscriptions in and we will gladly send you helpmust begin with the March number, ful information. We are in close of which we have ordered a 20% touch with the leaders throughout larger edition. Moral: send in your the country and hope to have many • orders early, and do not allow your MISSIONARY REVIEW delegates attend subscription to lapse. According to the 1919 Summer Schools of Mis- Government regulations, we have sions.

been obliged to cut off our subscrib- Would you like to go"? Write ers if their subscription is not re- about it at once to Miss Wilma newed promptly. Four notices are Duntze, 156 Fifth Avenue, New ~ent to each subscriber, including a York City. Keep Informed on the Progress and Problems in Mohammedan Lands The April number-just out-of THE MOSLEM WORLD Edited by REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, F. R. G. S., of Cairo Contains the following important articles: The Evangelization of Moslems George Swan An Indian Sufi Hymn Howard A. Walter Illiteracy among Indian Moslems H. J. Lane-Smith Christian Literature for Russian Moslems Jenny de Mayer Islam in Siam Paul McClure Hinkhouse Constantinople College fot Women The Crescent a Symbol of Islam Eveline A. Thompson All India Moslem Ladies' Conference H. E. E. Hayes Mohammedans in Syria during the War Marguerite B. Walter Evil Spirits and the Evil Eye in Turkey Wm. H. Hall Current Topics and Book Reviews George E. White This quarterly, with correspondents in all Moslem lands, is a review of current events, literature and thought among Mohammedans and relates the progrt'ss of Christian Missions in Moslem Lands.

Send your sub~cription today to THE MOSLEM WORLD, IS6 Filtb Avenue, New Vork City $1.25 a Vear 35 .ents a Copy A lew ba.k numbers available The Church Sample Copies Free on Request and the (Enclose 3 cents for postage) The president of a large western Social Question manufacturinl" /company was so impressed with the force and value of two recent articles on the above subject, by Dr. John McDowell of Baltimore, that he has made it possible to have them reprinted and distributed to ten thousand ministers in the Christian churches of America.

WOULD YOU LIKE to see this important contribution to the "study of the basic principles which underlie the relation of the church to society at the present day"? If so, send us your request, enclosing a three cent stamp for mailing. Quantities can be obtained for distribution among members of your church at 25 cents per dozen or $r.oo per hundred.

SEND TODAY – Before the supply is exhausted PARTIAL CONTENTS I. Interest io the Social Question 3. Christianity and the Social Question 2. What is the Social Question 4. Leadership of the Church THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.

Cooperstown, N. Y. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TIlE· WORLD in writing to advertisers Missionary Personals REV. SIDIiEY L. GULICK, D. D., for thirty years a missionary to Japan, has been appointed by the Commission on Relations with the Orient as a special representative in Paris during the Peace Conference, to help promote a better understanding • • • between the nations of the West and the Far East. BISHOP M. C. HARRIS, of the M.ethodist Episcopal Church in Tokyo, Japan, re- turned to the United States by way of Vancouver, February 5, and sailed from New York February 28 for Europe and the Holy Land. He will study conditions • • • in Jerusalem and the new Palestine. REv. STANI,!CY WHITE, D. D., one of the Secretaries of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, has gone to Syria for six months' work with the American • • • Committee for Relief to the Near East. REv. ARTHUR E. HOLT, Ph. D., of Fort Worth, Texas, has accepted the call to become Social Service Secr.etary for the Educational Society of the Congregational Church. Dr. Holt is a member of the Rural Life Commi'ssion and associate editor of Rural Educator. ••• DR. B. M. TIPPI,E, President of the Methodist College for Boys in Rome, is in America after a visit to the war-devastated areas of Europe. He is also secretary of the War Emergency and Reconstruction Bureau of the Methodist Church in Europe. ••• DR. CHARI,ES HARFORD, the lounder and first Principal of Livingstone College for the medical training of foreign missionaries, has been appointed Secretary of the Church of England Temperance Society. He has done much to help regulate • • • the abuses of the liquor traffic in Africa. DR. A. C. DIXON has resigned the pastorate of the Metropolitan Tabernacle, LOIi- don, and returns to Amwica in April. He will lecture to the students of the Los • • • Angeles Bible Institute three months of the year. DR. WII,LIAM HOYT WORRELl" Professor of Arabic in the Kennedy School of Mi~sions, Hartford, Conn., has been appointed Director of the American School of Oriental Studies in Jerusalem. ••• REV. EMORY W. HUNT, D. D., former Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, has been elected President of Bucknell University at Lewisburg, Pa.

• * • MR. FRANK H. MANN, who has done important work in connection with a num- ber of evangelistic and social betterment organizations in New York City, has been elected to succeed Dr. John Fox as secretary of the American Bible So- • • • ciety. Mr. Mann is a nephew of Governor Mann of Virginia. REv. CHARI,ES R. WATSON, D. D., and DR. JOHN R. MOTT have gone to Paris to remain during the Peace Conference in order to furnish needed information in re- gard to conditions in. the Near East.

*•* REV. W. G. SHEI,!,ABEAR, D. D., the Methodist mISSIOnary, who has worked among the people of the Malay Peninsula for thirty-two years, has translated the Bible into Malay and has written a grammar and dictionary in the language, is studying Arabic at the Kennedy School of Missions in preparation for work among Mo- hammedans of Malaysia. ••• REV. FREDERICK L. FAGLEY, D. D., pastor of Plymouth Congregational Church, Cincinnati, Ohio, has been chosen Secretary of the Commission on Evangelism which is working in close cooperation with the Home Missionary and Educational Societies of the Congregational Church. ••• DR. AND MRS. FRANKLIN E. HOSKINS are again in Beirut, after a journey of 38,000 miles begun in July, 1918. Before leaving Syria three years ago, Dr. Hos- kins was told by a Turk that if they, the Turks, were ever driven out of Beirut they would leave behind nothing but smoking ruins. But General AUenby was too swift for them, and the missionaries found their homes intact.

**• R>:v. GEORG>: H. TRULL, Sunday School Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions has sailed for Palestine, with other Sunday School workers, to look into the religious education of th,? children of the Near East.

• !'fAWAli O-r-T-'– In.rerprermg Jnfa '"

Sky Pilot to the San BIas Indians The Masses and the Classes in India A MAP OF THE CONTENTS . Is Abyssima Awakening? Union Movem nts in Australia OUR VIEW Of' THE WORJ.P IN THIS NUMBER l.EADING ARTICLES AND EDITOR1ALS ARE IND1CATE.D BY TITLES Tl-I~ tlUMSER OF NEWS rrEMS ON EACH COUNTRY IS INDIC …TED IIY ARABIC NUMERAL.S

GENE~AL HEADQIJAAT'ERS

EGYPTIAN IEXPEPITIONARV FORCE.

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. APRIL,1919 NIJJOIIIB F01Jll XLII SIGNS OF THE TIMBS OHRISTWARD MOVEMENTS IN INDIA M ASS movements toward Ohristianity still continue among the lower classes in India in certain. large areas. It is of course true that there are many causes for this movement, not the least of which is the hope of these 50,000,000 outcastes that they may better their condition materially. At .the same time a tremendous opportunity is presented to lift these people Ohristward, to educate them and to show them a higher manner of life than the low moral and physical plane on which they have been living. If the Ohristian Church neglects this opportunity the movement will drift into materialism.

The outcastes have been in virtual slavery-physical, industrial mental and moral-but they constitute the backbone of the agricultural system of India and are a very valuable asset to the country. They have been asleep but now are awakening, and are feeling after freedom and enlightenment.

The demand for self-government in India is being led by the Jhigher castes, but this demand is opposed by two parties; by the :Moslems who are in the minority and fear that they may be sup- ]pressed or driven out as were the Buddhists, and by the lower ,castes and outcastes who have no relish for political domination by Brahmins. Both of these influential classes prefer to be ruled by the British.

The lower castes especially, and many of the higher castes who :have been educated in Christian schools, are beginning to realize that in Christ and his Gospel alone lies the hope of liberty, Sev- <eral hundred bhou~~11d b.!.j.v~ ,come into the Christian' churches ,241

in the past few years. The greatest problem, as has been frequent- ly said, is the education of these converts. In spme districts large numbers are awaiting teachers. The opportunity must not pass unheeded.

Rev. H. T. Vodden, a Church Missionary Society worker in Western India writ!ps: "I seem to spend most of my time and ener- gies saying 'No' to people who come for help. For the greater part of six weeks there has seldom been a moment from 7 a. m. to 7 p. m. where there has not been a queue of people awaiting their turn outside. Our Indian evangelists return from tours to tell of multitudes of earnest enquirers. Deputations come from isolated Christian communities asking for teacher evangelists. We are inundated with requests that have to be refused. Bright children cannot be given Christian schooling and must return to ignorance and virtual slavery because there are not sufficient teachers or funds to establish village schools."

The Christians in India are eager to learn and are willing to make great sacrifices to enable their children to be educated. The soil is exceedingly fertile, the harvest is ready for gathering, but the laborers are too few. '

INDIA'S PRESENT DISTRESS I F it were not for the urgent appeals from war-swept lands, all the world would be stirred by the present critical situation in India as described by Dr. R. A. Hume, chairman of the Mission Committee of Relief. He says: "War, famine and pestilence are combining to make the present season in India the most serious and distressing for a hundred years." When the strength of the people was at a very low ebb because of famine conditions, influenza swept over the country in deadly pneumonic form, carrying off thousands of bread-winners and leaving behind widows and orphans to weep and starve. Many more thousands who have recovered are weak- ened in body and unable to do their proper work." _ India supported the Allied cause in the war with large sacri- fice and sympathy. She sent a million and a half young men who) .voluntarily enlisted, and also contributed vast sums of money by gift or loan. It is hoped that Americans will not forget the terrible testing through which India is passing, and will give her sympathy.

prayers and material aid. .

HOME MISSIONS IN CHINA R ECENTLY there has developed within the Chinese Church . ~ definite eff~rt to carry the Gospel into the unreached prov- IDces of theIr country. At a personal workers' conference held last August in Kuling a managing committee was appointed which was since increased to eighty-four members, representing

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

every part of. China. Considerable publicity has been given the enterpriS€, special hymns have been prepared, mite boxes have been distributed and one worker has already. collected and sent in over $1,000. This is distinctly a Chinese movement. No Americans or Europeans are on the managing committee, though their advice is freely sought. In personnel, method· and funds it is strictly a domestic undertaking-more women than men are on the committee, an evidence of a new Na in China, where women have always been in the background.

The first efforts are to converge on Yunnan, the southwesternmost province adjoining Tibet, containing 13,000,000 people, 146,000 square miles in area, possessing great mineral wealth, and an ideal climate. The people of this province are ignorant and unevangelized, but potentially this is a strong field. .

EGYPTIANS AND THE GOSPEL CHRISTIANITY was introduced into Egypt in the first cen- tury and the Coptic Church is the historic Christian Church of the land of the Pharaohs. But that Church has a name to live and is dead–covered over by a mass of superstitions and ritual. The reason is not far to seek. The Copts have never been a Bible-reading people. Their Christianity is an hereditary faith, not a personal relationship to Jesus .Christ. Most of the Copts know more of church forms than of the teachings of Christ. Bibles in Coptic cost so much that few can afford to buy them. Hundreds of villages have no church and no religious services, and as a result many of the Copts are becoming assimilated with their more aggressive Moslem neighborS'.

The hope of Egypt is the missionary influence which is needed by Copt and Moslem alike. The outlook for evangelical Christianity is brightened by the defeat of Turkey, the political champion of Islam. Moslems are consequently face to face with a new situation and say that Allah must have decreed that Christian uations should win. Their ardor for pan-Islamism has cooled and all classes are seeking the favor of the British.

"The Christian conflict has changed in Egypt within the last decade," says Dr. S. M. ZWemer. "Formerly the arena was the Koran alid Moslem Tradition, now it is the Bible." M;oslems are abandoning- their dispnte as to the perfection of the Koran and leaders are turning to attack the Christian Scriptures. The people are more willing to converse on religious lines and are generally very ready to receive and read copies of the Bible. Many Moslem officials attend Christian services. Egypt cannot be converted by comparative religion, but only by a positive preaching of the Gospel of Christ. Says Dr. Zwemer: "There is no doubt that

in sociE!-1 reform, policy, education, and all the ideals of democracy, educated Moslems are Our allies and not our enemies. Although their efforts are spasmodic, they are not unconscious of the need for the uplifting and enlightenment of the masses. Most of them are ardent admirers of much that they consider the best in western civilization. But, alas I too few of their number are ready to help others reach the goal that they admire.

"The war has destroyed Islam as a world political po,wer. Islam stands before the world stripped of every support save its intellectual, moral and spiritual claims. Apostate ,Moslems are no longer punishable by death. We must therefore press, the issue on intellectual and moral lines, and compel decision."

AN INTERCHURCH CONFERENCE IN MEXICO A BOUT five years ago representatives of the Protestant Mis- sion Boards met in Cincinnati and agreed to divide the terri- tory and to cooperate more closely in Mexico. But the revolutions and counter-revolutions have prevented the completion of the program. Now, however, with the return of peace, the oppor- tunity to carry out these plans has come and on February 18 to 22 the same twenty representatives of ten denominational Boards of Missions met in Mexico City for a conference on the best and most expeditious way to put the final touches on the distribution of terri- tory in that republic. The Committee on Cooperation in Latin America was represented by Rev. S. G. Inman, the Secretary.

Under the terms as agreed upon, the Southern Methodists oc- cupy the border states, the Congregationalists take most of the West Coast, the Presbyterians are concentrated in the South of the republic, while the Disciples and 'Methodist Episcopal Boards take the central states. The Friends remain in the northeast, and the Baptists are somewhat widely scattered, not having agreed to all the provisions of the plan. In addition to the territorial ques- tion the Conference went fully into other matterSl30ncerned with the future of the educational and other forms of Christian work in Mexico. President Carranza welcomed the Conference and prom· ised the fullest protection for evangelical work.,' , Conditions in Mexico continue to improvearrdthe openmin,d,ed.

ness of the people parmits Christian work to be carried on in all parts of the republic, with protection and welcome for the,*,OI'kers.~'

The delegates to the Conference visited thi3Protestant work in all sections of the country, various delegates traveling through No- gales, Sonora, Sinaloa and Guadalajara, EI Paso, Chihuahua, Zaca- tecas and Aguas Calientes, Laredo, Monterey and Saltillo; Mata- , moros, Victoria, Tampico and San ,Luis Potosi, Vera Cruz, .Jalapa no aridPue~la. This travel was attended with untoward, ,iI,l(liden,t

whatever, and with a far greater degree of comfort than was anticipated. Many encouraging evidences were found of the fact that the country is slowly but surely returning to normal· conditions, socially, economically and politically. While some outlying districts are still greatly disturbed, practically all the centers exhibit stable conditions.

This is an opportune time to put into operation the cooperative program of all the Protestant missionary agencies at work in one country, and to show that the Interchurch World Movement may expect practical results in a united solution of the missionary problem.

Now also is an opportunity for the Christians of the United States to prove their real friendship and bring about a clearer understanding between the two neighboring republics.

A JAPANESE CHRISTIAN VIEW OF EUROPE WE have often read statements referring to the effect of the war on thinking peoples of Africa and Asia. Some who have heard of the conflict between so-called Christian na- tions have no doubt scoffed at Christianity. Others have had the discernment to see that the failure has been the failure to follow Christ's principles in national and international affairs. The sol- diers and laborers who have gone to Europe, from China, Japan, . India and Africa have come away with a different view of life~ sometimes better and sometimes worse than when they went from home. It would be interesting to see inside their minds, to gain their view of the, new world into which they have been thrust un- ceremoniously and the effect on them when they returned home,.

Even the changes in the character and view point of Americans has been tremendous, whether they have been pastors, Y. M. C. A.

workers. women or soldiers.

The impression made on a Japanese GeI).eral, an earnest Chris- tian, and a man of education and influence, is worthy of study.

It is a sign of the tendencies and the progress of the world from an Oriental viewpoint. When General Hibiki, of the Japanese army, passed through New York on his return from France he was asked to give his chief impressions and the conclusions reached as a result of his visit to the chief seat of conflict. His replies are in- teresting and illuminating. They were briefly as follows: 1. A firm faith in democracy and a conviction that democracy, perhaps after the British rather than the American model, because Japan is a monarchy, must be acoopted in Japan. .

2. A surprised discovery of the strength of religious faith in France.

3. A clear conviction of God in history. History is not a development of impersonal forcH nor did commercial or random influence bring America in. It was God.

4. Germany was defeated in the spirit. She was not as yet beaten materially. It was the moral ideals of the Allies which conquered the moral ideals of Germany.

5. America did not have so large an actual part in the conflict as others, but it was America which determined the victory. The scale was even, with the German side preponderating; when America was forced in, the German side of the scale shot up. America's contribution was decisive.

6. In outward appearance Russia's failure was a dark disaster. It prolonged the war and threatened the defeat of the Allies, but in. the deeper philosophy of history the hand of God is clear. It meant the overthrow of autocracy in Russia, and in Germany, and assured a new democratic age.

7. Spiritual faith throughout the world, faith in God and in spiritual forces and ideals, have been advanced by the experience of the war. 8. Belief in the Trinity has not been destroyed. The divine character and personality and teaching of Jesus have been brought out with greate·r clearness than ever.

These observations reveal the solid ground work on which Christians have to build in Japanese character. God is working out his plans in human history. The spiritual conquest is the only· one which is really important and lasting. Every nation and every individual has a great responsibility in the world-not because of great power possessed but because one, in the Hand of God, may turn the scale and one in league with the devil may bring untold . misery and disaster. The reliance on spiritual faith and spiritual forces must be emphasized and Jesus Christ must be accepted as the revealer of God and the one true hope for peace, the manifestation of love, the Way of Life.

A UNION MOVEMENT IN AUSTRALIA W RILE the missionary boards in North America are plan- ning an Inter-Church WorId !Movement, there is also a new venture in Australia that is full of promise along the lines of Christian education. The Presbyterian and Methodist churches of Queensland have united in establishing two secondary schools, a girls' high school and a boys' college under control of a joint committee.

Tlris is something new in Australia and opens the way for still closer cooperation in other lines, if not for actual organic union.

INDIA TO

A UNION of Christian students of India in America has been formed with headquarters to try to interpret the spirit and needs of the Indian peoples to those of North America. Of this Society Mr. S. Arga of Union Theological Seminary, New York, is the President. Naturally there are differing view points as to b- dian problems. For example missionaries do not agree among themselves as to the preparedness of Indian peoples for self-govern- ment, or the relation that should exist between Indian Christians and foreign missionaries. Many Indians in America are dissatisfied with most missionary addresses and missionary books on account of their attitude toward the Indian peoples. Native pride is hurt and they believe that many books and addresses misrepresent India, her character, customs and ideals. There is no doubt some truth in this. Some speakers naturally I1elate unusual incidents as if they were of common occurrence. They select and describe the picturesque' and sometimes grotesque scenes as though they were prevalent. Photographs of disagreeable, uns'anitary and immoral conditions are presented as though they were characteristic of all India. • '. ')_••• lt is natural that Indian Christians should be sensitive. They wish to present the attractive features of their country and people -its beautiful scenery and fine buildings, the intellectual acute- ness of its educated classes and the ideals and strength of many of its institutions. But it must be remembered that India is a penin- sular continent with a great variety in races, languages, customs and conditions. What is true of Brahmins is not true of outcastes, and what may be said of the Robber Caste will not describe the "sweepers." There is much that is. attractive· in India in the philos- ophy and patriotism of certain classes, but there is much also that is repulsive and degrading. The missionary purposes of the ad- dresses must be taken into account. The evils must be shown in order that the remedy may be applied.' The people as a whole are still ignorant and weak and untrained in civilized ways, and are unfit for complete self-government. Brahmins and Moslems, Jains, Parsees and outcastes do not agree among themselves.

There is much to be done in India to prepa.re the people for self- .

government and to root out degrading customs.

There is however a real need in promoting a fuller under- standing between India and Anglo-Saxon people,s, and the above 247

mentioned Union may render a great servioe if its members will be as honest and impartial and thorough in their presentation of things Indian as they wish the missionaries to be. Misrepresentations cause only friction. The spirit of Christian truth and love is needed to promote a Christian understanding and more effective service in leading India to the feet of Jesus Christ.

BIBLE READING IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS CHINA has recommended the use of the Christian Scriptures in some of the public schools of that republic, but still many of the schools in America neglect this highest source of wisdom and power. On the Bible are founded the laws and ethics and Christian faith of the civilized world. It is the most widely circulated book in the world-with over 30,000,000 copies distributed in one year-and yet millions of Americans a:ve ignorant of its teachings and neglect the reading of it.

Rev. R. R. Marquis has gathered some interesting facts about the extent to which the Bible is admitted in the schools of various states, in the majority of which no definite legislation on the subject has been enacted. In Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Tennessee not less than ten verses, and in New Jersey neit less than five verses are required to be read at each session in the public schools. A teacher is subject to dismissal in Tlennessee for failure to comply. In Georgia, North Dakota and Oklahoma,. Bible reading is not definitely prohibited; while in New Hampshire, Connecticut, Texas, Iowa, South Dakota and Colorada the law permits the Bible to be read in schools. Nebraska allows it to be read without comment and studied as literature; Ohio and Virginia leave its use optional with the Boards of Education. Rhode Island, Delaware, West Virginia and Missouri have left Bible reading to the option of the teacher. In New York, pupils cannot be compelled to attend Bible reading. While no law demands the reading in Maine, Vermont, North and South Carolina, Florida, Arkansas and New Mexico, public sentiment does require it; and the custom is also general in ten other states. Thus it is seen that the Bible has at least the right of way in the majority of states.

In Louisiana, where Roman Catholics predominate, the law forbids Bible reading. Legal opinion in California decrees that the Bible is sectarian and sectarian teaching is barred. The Bible is also excluded by the Attorney-General in Minnesota and Washington; in Utah by the Superintendent of Education; in Arizona by statute and in Illinois by the Supreme Court.

Recently the United States Commissioner of Education has appealed to the Federal Council of the Churches for help in Americanizing the foreigners, and many who are more interested in

EDITORIAL

patriotism than in religion have come to the conclusion that the Bible, if read in the public schools, would do much to raise the national leV'el of morality. Wonderful work has been done in some schools to make children good Americans; would that as much interest might be shown in making them good Christians.· WHAT SHALL BE DONE WITH GERMAN MISSIONSY R EV. Burton St. John presents in this number of the REVIEW the problem of German missions after the war. Three atti- tudes are taken in missionary circles: First, obliterate the German element and turn work and equipment over to missionary agencies of neutral or allied countries. Second, return the mis- sions to German societies and allow them to continue their work under certain conditions. Third, judge the case of each mission separately and in general hold the German missions in trust for them until such time as it may seem best to finally decide their fate.

The fate of captured German territory and the regulations controlling German subjects and activities in allied territory must be left to the decision of allied governments. Missionaries look on the problem from the standpoint of the Kingdom of God. The influence of German missionary agencies is however, bound up and largely determined by the attitude of their representatives to the great moral questions involved in the war. It is, therefore, with special interest that we look for some disapproval of the national attitude of the German people, and a statement to show the real mind on the part of German missionaries concerning the moral issues in- volved-truth, humanity, and reliance on spiritual, as opposed to physical ideals, forces and conquests.

The attitude of the best type of German missionaries toward these questions is revealed in an article by u member of the Basel mission (Switzerland), that appeared in the Evangelisches Missions- 'ff/iI1,gazin for February. In his "Word to Anglo-Saxon mission- aries" the author says in part: "There are three requests which we would ask them (editors of missionary periodicals) to consider: (1) During the war love and truth have often been sinned against in your mission papers and mission talks, and the already imperilled ties of the missionary have been still more endangered, while surely we missionaries should be the last to lightly regard the ties of missionary fellowship. We ask that bitterness and passion may no longer prevail among those whose life, like ours, is devoted to the work of Christianity. Remember nOw your share of the responsibility for the oneness of the Church of Christ, and work toward * * * peace, toward mutual understanding, and toward mutual devotion to God, instead of toward hate, toward division Bear witness to the spirit in which your German colleagues have worked, so that the way may again be opened to them. The .eruptions of the war have left a chasm in evangelical Christianity which· is still unbridged and paralyzes

its message to the world. Only Jesus Christ, who has reconciled us with God through His suffering on the Cross, can bridge this chasm. It is we who should endeavor to smooth His way by striving for a true reconciliation in a spirit of repentance and prayer. (2) The question of the possession of the colonies which is now being discussed is not, however, an attempt to improve the condition of the natives, but is simply a matter of colonial conquest. We missionaries therefore should have no hand therein, for our calling is not world politics or the division of the spoils of war, but to carry forward the teachings of Christ. (3) It has been solemnly declared that henceforth German missionaries are not to work in British possessions, because they mould labor in a spirit of enmity. We have no power to effect the change of such a decision, although we take occasion to record a solemn protest. The German missionary in English colonies has done missionary work, not political work. We well know that you, too, have no power to change this decision, but we are disappointed to observe that you have bowed to it without protest."

The attitude of Ohristian missionaries of the allied nations to- ward their former German colleagues is one that truly calls for Christian forbearance and should be regulated by the spirit of Ohrist. There are, however, sins to be repented of and errors to be corrected, and in planning for the future, we must build on foundations that create confidence and must avoid the mistakes and sins of the past. .

IS ABYSSINIA. AWAKENING A BYSSINIA, while not a closed land like Afghanistan, is a backward nation and has been almost untouched by modern Christian missions. The Abyssinian Ohurch belongs among the Oriental Ohristian sects, and is like the Ooptic and Gregorian Churches without spiritual vitality. The members of the Ohurch are not educated Ohristians, their religion is largely a matter of forms and hereditary faith, and has no missionary purpose.

Recent reports', however, tell of a promising religious awakening in Abyssinia, and it is said that some 10,000 Moslems have been received into the State Ohurch within the last five or six years.

The center of the movement is in Sokota, in the Amhara country, where the apostle of the Ohristian movement, the ex-sheikh Zaccaria, now called Noaye Kristos, a person of great influence, is established. It is worth noting that this religious awakening is of an evangelical character. Its original cause appears to have been the work of the British and Foreign Bible Society in Abyssinia. These new Ohristians are very eager to study the Bible, and have organized from among themselves a large body of teachers, said to number about 500, with the object of teaching their youth to read the Scriptures.

EASTERN

The crOllSeS represent centers of German Missionary Eftort German· Missions After the War BY REV. BURTON ST. JOHN, NEW YORK Director o~ the Bureau of Statistics and Research, Foreign Missions Con.ference Condensed from report given at the Anmtal Foreign Missions Conference in New Haven, Connecticut, January, 1919 A T the beginning of the war there were 2,400 missionaries (in- cluding wives) in the German Missions* throughout the non- Christian world. These Missions employed 9,000 native helpers, recorded 720,000 baptized Christians, and had 240,000 registered ·With the German Missions have been included the Basel Missionary Society, which has its headquarters in Switzerland. It is made up very largely of German elements. and commoldy is included in our thought as among German Missions. Also included with these are practically a1l p.1 t}l~ )f9ravi3J1 )li_ssians in the Eastern Hemisphere.

251

in soo{)ols of all grades. The income of these societies for that year was, in round numbers, $2,250,000. These statistics in themselves are sufficient to indicate something of the extent of the missionary enterprise which was under the direction of German missionary societies.

CHARTA E.ach cross in the accompanying map marks some center of German Missions. There are two stations in Persia, a few in Asia Minor, a few in Syria, and a few in Egypt. They are scattered throughout western, southern, and eastern Africa. They may be found in India, and up on the Tibetan border. There is quite a block of them in China. In the Dutch East Indies, too, they have had very strong Missions, as well as in German New Guinea, with some work in the Caroline Islands and in Japan.

Mter peace has been established the German missionaries probably will have the same rights in Dutch territory as they have always had. It is also likely that Japan will not exclude the few missionaries now at work in that country, and that the: Missions in the Caroline Islands will not be disturbed. Probably China will put up no barriers, so that it is the most likely country to which the Germans will turn for future extension of their missionary enterprise.

Let us confine our attention to the Near East, India, New Guinea, and Africa-territories from which German Missions may be excluded for a term of years, and in which adjustments are now pending.

In the Near East there were 161 German missionaries working at the beginning of the war. The German Orient Mission had two stations in Persia, while the Kaiserwert Deaconesses, the German Aid Society, and two smaller societies had Missions in Constantinople, Asia Minor and Syria.

Coming to the East Indian Islands, we find in British Borneo two stations of the Gossner Society. In Dutch New Guinea, territory which is now in the hands of British authorities, there was a very strong work of the Rhenish and Neuendettelsau Societies. In these East Indian Islands were 106 missionaries. The work of these three Missions with three stations among aborigines in Queensland, Australia, doubtless must be provided for in some way.

CHART B In India there is a far greater problem in the work that was formerly conducted by 452 German missionaries. There are the great Gossner Mission in the northeast, the Mission· of the Schleswig-Holstein (Breklum) Society in the east, the work of the Moravians up on the Tibetan Border, the Hermannsburg and Leipzig Missions in the southeast and the extensive Missions of the THIBET BAY OF BENGAL INDIA Each cross represents a residence station of some German ~1issjonary Society. Each dot represents a residence station of some other Protestant Missionary Society.

Basel Society in the , southwest. All these large Missions have a correspondingly large number of missionaries, with a propor~ tionate number of native staff, communicants, schools, and mission industries,-in short, they have all types of missionary work. It may be taken for granted that this whole territory must be re:- arranged, as far as the German Missions are concerned.

CHART C In Africa the problem is even greater. Egypt had, the comparatively small work of the Kaiserwert Deaconesses in the north and the Sudan Pioneer Mission in the south. On the Gold Coast and in Togoland, the only Missions in existence were those of two German societies, the Basel and the North German (Bremen). Again in the northern part of the Kamerun country there w,ere the German Baptists and the Basel Missions with a single station of the Gossne'r Mission. In British and German East Mrica, par- ) AFRICA The crosses represent the principal Slarions of German Missions. The dots represent stations of nther Protestant Missions.

ticularly the latter, were eight or nine societies. From the best information available all the foregoing missionaries have boon interned or repatriated. The Miss-ions are either temporarily provided for or are quite without foreign sl!pervision.

Of course we cannot foretell what will be the action of the Peace Conference in regard to the German colonies. It is commonly believed that they will not be returned to Germany. The Governments which take over these colonies probably will not welcome an early return of the German missionaries.

Many of the German missionaries in South Africa naVie been continuing their work. The Union of South Africa is supposed to have permitted all of the Rhenish Missions in German Southwest Africa to remain without interruption, but what is to be done with these missionaries has not yet been finally determined. .At the beginning of the war, there were in Africa 1,134 missionaries of German societies. This one fact indicates something of the extent of the problem of adjustment. To get this more clearly before us, several charts concerning African Missions are appended.

CHART D-AFRICA, FOREIGN STAFF, 5,365 German-I,134 – 21% – North American-I,1n – 22% – British-1,998 • – 37% – Other-l,061 – 20% – Notice that one-fifth of the misslOnanes in Africa were of German societies. "

CHART E-AFRICA, NATIVE STAFF, 29,651 – 9% – _ =====:-____ German-2,614 BNroirtitshh-A15m,7er4i6can-3,727 — 1533%% — Other-7,564 -" 25% – The German societies show nine per cent of the native staff.

German-284,230=:====:-..____ CH.IRT F-AFRICA, BAPTIZED CHRISTIANS, 1,232,247" – 23% – BNroirtitshh-A59m2e,6ri3c9an-78,882 — 468%% — Other-276,496 – 23% – Of the Protestant baptized ChrLstwns in Africa twenty-three per cent are connected with German societi,es.

CHART G-AFRICA, ENROLLMENT IN SCHOOLS. 724.658 German—88,577 – 12% – North American-90,956 – 13% – British-330,113 – 47% – Other-215,012 – 28% – Twelve per cent of those enrolled in schools were connected with German societies.

Of all the Protestant Missions in the Continent of ~'frica, over one-fifth of the missionaries, almost one-tenth of the native staff, more than one-fifth the baptized Christians and nearly one-eighth of the pupils in schools were connected with societies of German origin. This should be sufficient to make it clear that in Africa alone is a tremendous problem.

Referring ag!J,in to the German Missions throughout the world, eliminating those Missions which will doubtless not be included in this r.eadjustment, we find 1,800 missionaries, 6,000 native helpers, 385,000 baptized Christians, and 150,000 in schools. The annual income which supported these Missions was about $1,500,000.

In other words, the foreign staff was about equal to the staff of· all Protestant Missions in Mexico, the West Indies, Central America, and South America. The native staff, the church, and the schools of German Missions in the territories where adjustments will probably be necessary, are much greater than the similar totals for Latin America.

A. COMPLEX PROBLEM " . This problem is not only gl'leat because of its size, but also it is great because of its complexity. There are numerous govern- mental problems that will have to be met. The attitude of Gov- lernments toward missionaries today is perhaps more intelligent than it ever has been before. They are looking with greater care at the work of missions. The adjustments which are planned necessarily must take into account the attitude of the Governments concerned. As to the Missions themselves, there is the element of terri- torial juxtaposition. One might jump at the conclusion that it would be very easy to settle this whole question, that the Mission in closest territorial juxtaposition should assume the responsi1?ility for the :aeld. But unfortunately the German Missions have not always placed themselves conveniently beside a society that is able to take over their work. Other things being equal, however, the Board haVing near-by work should have first claim to responsi- bility.

Doctrinal propinquity must be taken into consideration. It would be very simple for a Mission of the United Lutheran Church, for example, to take over work of one of the German Lutheran~ societies. There would be no questions of doctrine to adjust with the native Ohurch. Some of these groups include many thou";;' sands of church members and scores of well trained native leaders.

There is also the question of polity. For example, a church that in its polity is Congregational might have great difficulty in taking over the work of a church that had had an Episcopal form of government. Not to give due attention to the accustomed form of church government might lead to much confusion and disagreement.

So complex is this whole problem that it cannot be settled hur- riedly or without prayerful deliberation. Perhaps we have been thinking of this question in the terms of American societies. American societies cannot settle this question. No more can the British societies alone make the necessary adjustments. The British societies are just as much interested and just as much responsible as we are. So too are the Scandinavian societies responsible.

Not only so, but it will be necessary to take into conf,erence the Gennan s{)cieties themselves. This will not be easy, but th(l future of the whole missionary enterprise will be tempered in some measure by the Christian spirit shown in the liIettlement. The questions of property interests especially demand most careful adn;ti.nistration. Both sides must be satisiied that the final dis- .position is in every way eminently just.

Neither let anyone forget that other most important element,

GEaMAN MISSIONS AFTER THE

the native Church. Before these questions are rightly solved, it Will be necessary to confer, in the larger centers at least, with the native Church, and to know that those who take supervision in this new readjustment of work can be met by the Church in a spirit of brotherly love and hearty cooperation. , That the task is great, and that the task is complex, and that it demands the best statesmanship which can be produced is evident.

The most careful Christian consideration, on the part of Great Britain, the United States and Canada, of France, and' the Scandinavian countries and of the German societies themselves should precede each step. The desires and aspirations of the native Church should be a guiding factor. Our prayer should be that whatever adjustment shall come may be in harmony with the will of God. Then only will it be for the advancement of His Kingdom.

TABLE OF GERMAN MISSIONS Area Societies Present Condition Angola Rhenish AFRICA Work undisturbed Bechuanaland Hermannsburg Work probably undisturbed British East Leipzig Missionaries interned or repatriated. Neukirchen Greater part of the work taken over by the Africa Inland Mission.

Cape Province Berlin Some un ordained missionaries in- Moravian terned. Greater part of the work al- Rhenish lowed to continue.

Deaconesses No word concerning the present Sudan Pioneer status of Deaconess Mission or Sudan Pioneer Mission German East Berlin Missionaries of German East Africa interned or repatriated.

Scottish Missions of Nyasaland have been assisting the work East Africa Not provided for. Leipzig Not provided for.

Moravian Scottish Missions of Nyasaland have been assisting. .

Neukirchen Not provided for.

German Southwest Rhenish Work undisturbed.

Gold Coast Basel Missionaries interned or repatriated. Kameun Baptist Work taken over by the United Free Church of Scotland.

Missionaries (except two or three American citizens) interned or re- patriated. The American citizens have continued the supervision of the work.

Area Societies Present Condition Basel Missionaries interned or repatriated. Gossner Paris Society giving supervision to it.

Natal Berlin A single station, now probably aban- Hermannsburg doned.

Orange Free State Berlin Missions allowed to continue. A few unordained men have been interned. Togoland Basel Missions allowed to continue. A few Transvaal Bremen unordained men have been interned. Berlin Hermannsburg Missionaries of Togoland interned or repatriated. The one station of the Basel Mission is under the United Free Church of Scotland.

Bremen Mission with a Christian community of 10,000 by latest infor- mation was without supervision.

Missions have been allowed. to con- tinue.

ASIA China Allgemein Mission Except in Hongkong and Tsingtao the India Basel missionaries have not been forced to Japan Berlin leave.

Berlin Women Friedenshort (C. I. M.) German Alliance (C. I. M.) German Women (C. I. M.) Hildesheim Kie1 Liebenzell' (C. I. M,) Rhenish Basel Malabar work is supervised by the South India United Church. The Mahratta work in the South is under the direction of the National Mission- ary Council. The outlying stations have been taken over by several neigh- boring Missions.

Berklum Mission supervised and aided by the United Lutheran Church of America.

Gossner Mission under the supervision of the Bishop of Chota Nagpur of the Church of England.

Hermannsburg Mission aided by the Ohio Lutheran Synod of America and by the Foreign Missionary Society of the United Lutheran Church of America.

Leipzig Mission largely under the supervision of the Swedish Church Mission.

Moravian No definite word received. Probably not interrupted.

Allgemein Work not interrupted.

(Continued on Page 265)

Masses and the Classes in

BY THE REV. PRINCIPAL J. C. R. EWING, FORMAN CHRISTIAN COLLEGE, LAHORE, INDIA Address given at the Student Volunteer Conference, East Northfield, Mass.

I NDIA is not a country; it is a continent. Its people do not con- stitute a nation; they are an assemblage of peoples of diverse na- tionalities, religions, customs and ideals. It is exceedingly difficult, even for those who dwell amongst them, to form anything approaching a full appreciation of the task still awaiting the Ohristian Ohurch, within the limits of that huge peninsula. We find there one-fifth of the entire population of our entire planet. There are more people there than in the U. S. A., Canada, South America and Africa combined. The ~eat areas of the U. S. A., France and Russia taken together contain a population less than that of India, with its 315 millions of inhabitants.

We think of these as Hindus, Mohammedans, Buddhists, Christians, Sikhs, Animists and Parsees, or under a wider classification, as literate and illiterate. Of the former there are some 20 millions, of whom more than one-tenth are literate in English. This portion of the population has not only increased rapidly in numbers, but within recent years, has advanced rapidly in influence and is today asserting a claim to be regarded as the leaders of the great masses of the people. That they are truly representative of the sUent mass ma.y well be doubted, and the idea that any such relation exists is spurned as ridiculous by many. Nevertheless the fact remains that they have become the spokesmen of the multitude, and are giving direction to the sooial, political and, in some measure, the religious movements of the day. When a few years ago, Japan, in the far East gained a great victory over Russia, a mighty impulse was communicated to all of the great Eastern peoples. The idea that they must of necessity remain forever in a relation of subservience to the West disappeared for all time. In India people began to claim for themselves "a place in the sun," and to demand for themselves a part in Ute great drama of human history.

This is not the time for any discussion of those tremendous questions which have emerged there from the greatly altered conditions of modern days. It need only be declared that the peoplo are aroused to the possibilities of the future, and are filled with an ambition for themselves and for their country of a nature which could not have been anticipated, least of all by themselves. The leaders of today are men trained in the learning of the West. The initial stages of this training date no farther back than the days 259

. ~ Duff and Macaulay,. and yet it has, in a sense, already tran.Jformed thecountry,-not that it has changed materially the lives or the faith or the ideals of the great masses of the people; but it has giveu new direction to the predominant life of that portion of the population which furnishes leadership to the multitude. — The introduction of Christian ideas through the study of English literature, and especially through the agency of Christian missions, is largely responsible for present conditions.

The ethical ideas current amongst men of education, belong- ing to all the religions and societies of the land, are derived to an almost startling degree from the New Testament. But they have not been led to the full, or in most cases, even the partial acceptance of Jesus Christ as Saviour. It is true that from the time of Alexander Duff onwards, individuals, !'lome of wnom became mighty as leaders in the Christian Church, have entered the Kingdom from amongst the higher classes of the people, both Hindu and Mohammedan. Instances of such men are many, and some of them might be cited, did time allow. Nevertheless, the situation is such as justifies one in pointing to the millions of the higher classes as constituting today one of the most needy and hopeful :fields for direct missionary effort to be found in any coun- try. I It is imperative that the Gospel of Christ be given, and its adaptability to their needs be shown to men who have left behind all allegiance to the idolatry and superstitution which character- ized the attitude of their fathers, and who are in a position where they may be induced to give a thoughtful hearing to the claims of that faith which announces itself as the fullest supply for all the needs of all men.

A great advance in the work now being done by the mis- sionary schools and colleges, the Y. M. C. A. and organizations for the preparation and dissemination of Christian literature is an obvious necessity of the hour. If such advance be deferred, much of our opportunity will be forever lost. The present politi- cal crisis is also a crisis in the missionary history of the country.

A.t the present moment all existing effort avails to touch but a small proportion of the classes referred to with anything closely approaching an adequate presentation of our message. And meanwhile the people of whom we speak, are rapidly advancing to positions of influence and authority, great numbers of them having learned but little of Christianity, and that little in many cases, alas, from institutions and 9rganizations established for the purpose of counteracting the influence of the Gospel. .

For this specific task a small army of Indian, European and American recruits must somehow be enlisted. The call is for the

THE MASSES AND THE CLASSES IN INDIA

brightest and best young people of the Church. Should you enter that field you will find a sphere in the midst of those inteUectual, cultured and, in all respects, intensely interesting people, that .will make a constant and strenuous demand upon all that you are, and all that you may have acquired throughout the years of your preparation.

Such a gift from the Church to India is something that must be forthcoming soon, if the hopes entertained during the past years are not to be shattered, if the splendid opportunity of the hour is not to be ignored, and if the blessing that has been promised to a faithful Church is to be realized.

'l'he number of converts from the educated classes during recent years is, by no means, an accurate index of the results that may be expected. The leaders of a nation are being prepared for the time when they will enter the Kingdom. In spite of the loosening of the bonds of caste and the removal of much unreasoning prejudice, it is still an appalling prospect that faces the youth or man who contemplates the public profession of his faith in Christ. In exchange for his new faith he must relinquish eTerything which men commonly count dear.

He hesitates, and can you wonder .at this' He temporizes, and is lost.

Young men and women, such men and women need such men and women as you, that through your effort in teaching, guiding, sympathizing and loving they may be won to make the great sacrifice.

By way of further emphasizing India's call to you, I desire to speak briefly of that great phenomenon of modern days, known as the "Mass Movement." Time was, within themem- ory of some of us, when the low caste peoples seemed largely impervious to all attempts to reach them. Today, the sixty millions of such people constitute a sphere of transcendent interest and promise. Throughout large areas these depressed classes are moving in companies great and small toward the door of the Christian Church. The movement is so rapid and the prospects so bright, that one who has studied the situation with thoroughness was, I think, fully justified in his statement to the effect that were the Church to rise to her opportunity we might reasonably expect, within a decade, to see a body of 15 millions' membership in India. Preachers and teachers are intensely absorbed in the effort to instruct, guide and build up a Church that shall be one of spiritual life and power.

Unquestionably the movement is not exclusively a spiritual movement. In the case of some, the chief thing sought is social

advancement and escape from the practical serfdom of the past. The possibility of such escape it may be assumed is the primary influence in the case of many, but even so, however mixed the motive, the faces of many thousands have turned toward Christ; and though many in the beginning had little idea of Him toward whom they had begun to look, as they have been brought under Christian influences, large numbers of them have entered into lives of Christian knowledge and efficiency. Some of them have advanced to positions of Christian leadership, and the community as a whole is growing not only in numbers but in Christian grace and service.

Here is a €lemand for a strenuous advance upon the part of the missionary Church of the West. Year after year witnesses an increase in the great body of inquirers. 'fhese must be taught and trained for service amongst their fellows. The task of guiding them toward the point where they shall become a part of a great self-governing and self-supporting Church is one of tremendous importance, and a large share in this must necessarily be borne by men and women from the West.

You are called in God's Providence to aid against two great perils: first, the danger lest, under the pressure of the time, a great baptized community should be formed, the membership of which should remain destitute of the life and power which can come only through the knowledge of Jesus Christ, in His adaptability to the need of the lowliest and most ignorant. Second, the danger lest this wonderful opportunity pass, through our failure because of lack of laborers to welcome, receive and guide the vast multitude that is knocking at our doors. The forces of Islam are lying in wait to receive. them, if we fail to welcome them, as they come; and both Aryan and Mohammedan, are eager to draw them aside as they enter or have entered our gates, if through failure on our part to give them the fullest degree of spiritual help they are disappointed at what they find within.

In the case of these 60 millions of the lowly, we may say with all conviction, that this is the opportunity of all the centuries. I fear for the Indian Church, for this great multitude which is still without, and for the Christian Church in the West, if this time of all times for the reaping of a great harvest be allowed to pass while we. are doing less than our best.

There is a third feature in the situation in India which is likely when clearly appreciated to appeal to a very considerable number of Student Volunteers. I refer to those whose thoughts have been turned to work among the followers of Islam.

Of these there are 67 millions in India. King George of England rules over more Mohammedans than any other ruler on earth. Not long after the death of the prophet some of his followers made their way to Hindustan. Successive invasions from the Northwest were succeeded by many centuries during which the paramount influence in the land was Mohammedan. That prestige was finally overthrown at the time of the Indian Mutiny. During a long period previous to this, the great Mohammedan population had come into close' contact with the enlightening and broadening influences of the West, and since then that contact has increased and affected the bulk of the people to a degree which has produced a tremendous impression upon them.

For more than a century Western learning, Christian literature, the Christian missionary, and the Christian ruler, by his life and example, have been touching the lives and helping to form the ideals of Muslim youth. Great and fairly radical reform movements have swept large numbers of them far away from the -position of their fathers.

Of these the most noteworthy has been that which centers around the figure of Sir Sayad Ahmad of Aligarh. The Indian Muslim has come to differ widely from his brother in other lands.

This difference lies in his general breadth of culture, his greater appreciation of the views of others, and the wide-spread knowledge of Christian truth drawn from the sources 6f which mention has been made. It may, I think, be fairly claimed that there is no other country in which Mohammedans are so accessible to the M-essage of the Gospel as they are in India. The discouraging nature of work for the people of Islam is well known to us all. We know something of the self-satisfaction, the blind faith and the intense bigotry that have tested the fidelity of the Church for centuri-es. Thes·e obstacles are by no means absent from the Mohammedans of India, and yet, there seems to me good ground for the conviction that we have greater reason to expect large results in the near future from amongst the followers of the Arabian prophet, in India, than in the less enlightened lands where his faith has almost from the beginning held uninterrupted sway.

We are encouraged in t.his belief by the number and quality of accessions from Islam, especially during recent years. Some of the outstanding leaders of the Christian Church, men unsurpassed in spirituality and power are converts from Mohammedanism.

These signs of the times are full of significance, and we joyfully recognize in them the harbingers of a great movement toward Christ, and (may it not beT) the beginning of what will eventually

grow into. a mighty Christian missionary advance· into the ancient strongholds of that faith which has for so long a time withstood with such stubbornness the efforts of the Church.

. Great numbers of men, young and old, are found in India C()nfessing that for· them the orthodox tenets of their ancestral faith have little meaning. It is not any longer Islam as a religion but Islam as a symbol and reminder of the past glory of a people to which they still point with pride, that gives so large a degree of coherence to this great section of India's population.

In saying this, I would not be understood as believing that the battle has been almost won. On the contrary, we are sure that the struggle here is likely to be as protracted and fierce as that waged with the forces of ancient and modern Hinduism. But that which I would that you might gather is this, that India as a field for work amongst Mohammedans is second to none in present promise, and that it is not a wild dream which suggests that God, who in His Providence brought Mohammedanism and the Christian missionary into such close contact, under unique conditions of religious freedom for a century, has been thus preparing the way for the most effective advance of all history, into those countries where Islam still reigns supreme.

In our attempt to suggest the special needs and peculiar opportunities presented by a study of present-day conditions in the great mission field of which we speak, we have referred to great sections of the population amounting to a total or about 150 millions. But these are less than one-half of the whole. There remains a great host of Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Animists who belong to none of the classes indicated, but whom we may not ignore in our estimate of the task that lies before us. It is not to be assumed that these are inaccessible to the missionary, even though their present situation and attitude are not such as to call for special mention, in a statement which aims to suggest peculiar and urgent conditions. Many millions still live largely untouched by the influences which have almost completely transformed the lives and thoughts of their neighbors. Superstition, gross idolatry and complete satisfaction with the traditions of their fathers, characterize them as individuals and communities. Reform in religion, and in social practices is still a thing remote from their· every thought. Innumerable objects of worship make their appeal to the blind and needy heart, and receive in response the abject devo~ tion of the lives of the multitude. Adherence to caste regulation is as firmly entrenched as ever in the homes of a great proportion of the people. Many preposterous customs connected with religion and social life, upon which the educated have turned their backs, are as devotedly followed as they were a thousand years ago.

1919i THE MASSES AND THE CLASSES iN lND1A

The Pantheistic substructure of all their thinking and its curious development into the greatest system of Polytheistic practice that the world has yet seen, presents to the messenger of the Truth an obstacle the magnitude of which cannot be overestimated.

Proud of their ancient literature, and looking with lofty contempt upon a faith which they regard as a thing of today, their condition and attitude challenge our v,ery best, as we set ourselves to the work of understanding them, and their prejudices, and of learning something of the process which must take place in their thinking before they can be expected to intelligently appreciate the message which we long to have them receive.

The evangelization of India calls for haste, because of the considerations which have been mentioned. But let no one suppose that the urgency of the need is such as to justify the neglect of careful preparation on the part of those who are called. Let there be few short cuts to India. It can be evangelized speedily only through the pouring forth of our best life. We believe that we have a message, which through the might of the Spirit will prevail, and we believe that in the- very greatness of the task of presenting it there is something that comes as a mighty challenge to the deepest spirituality and the highest intellectual preparation that our country can furnish.

"And time shall come, when, like a swelling tide, The Word shall leap the barriers, and the Light Shall sweep the land; and Faith and Love and Hope Shall win for Christ this stronghold of the night."

GERMAN MISSIONS (Concluded from page 258) Area Societies Present Condition Malaysia Persia Leipzig Only one station. Doubtless discon- Turkey tinued. (Including Syria) Orient Mission probably continuing work. Australia Deaconesses Missionaries probably interned or re- German Aid patriated. No definite word received. Jerusalem Leper Asylum Syrian Orphanage O~NIA Moravian Small Missions among aborigines prob- N euendettelsau ably allowed to continue.

British Borneo Basel Missionaries interned or repatriated. No definite information received.

Caroline Islands Liebenzell Japanese authorities have allowed work to continue.

Dutch East Indies Neukirchen Work undisturbed. Rhenish Probably all work is suspended, al- German New GuineaNeuendettelsau though the most recent word is Rhenish indefinite.

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Birjand 6..,., (it ., '( o Y4 Y2 3f.. Imi. E ! I , , N+S Scale of Mile w MESHED AND ITS STRATEGIC POSITION Presbyterian Missions underlined twice; British Missions underlined once. The circle has a radius of 600 miles An American Door to Central Asia BY REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, MESHED, PERSIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

M ESBED-where is it-in Arabia, Afghanistan or Morocco ~ Few, even of those interested in Christian missions, have ever heard of the place. Fewer still realize its importance in the strategy of missions in Asia. The accompanying map shows the position of Meshed on the eastern border of Persia, not far from Afghanistan. It is far removed from other centers where missionaries are working. On this map the mission stations of the Church of England are underscored with a single line and American stations with double lines.

. The missionary responsibility of other stations in Persia has extended as far as the western border of Khorasan, a province· as large as France, and having .a population of two million. This province belongs to the territory of which Meshed is the first occupied outpost. Eastern Afghanistan, when it is o~ned to foreigners, will naturally fall within the sphere of the work of the English mission stations in India, but western Afghanistan, with a population of about three million, will be a 267

logical field of expansion for the American missionary enterprise opened in Meshed. On the north, in Russian Turkestan, is a great neglected region with nearly 15,000,000 Mohamme- dans. P.robably five million of Tartars and Turkomans live within the boundary of the great circle, with a radius of six hundred miles, drawn from Meshed as a center. This field should be organized, reinforced, equipped and extended so as to reach not less than ten million people dwelling in a region four times as large as France.

Railroads (indicated by dotted lines) have already penetrated Turkestan. Some other society may occupy this great country to the north, and such an arrangement would be agreea"ble to the Presbyterian missionaries in Meshed. Were their present force increased seven-fold these missionaries would still number only one missionary for every 50,000 people, without going beyond Khorasan. ]'ive new missionaries a year for the next seven years is the conservative but probably the hest general program for expanding the work in Khorasan. If, in the next two or three years, Afghanistan should be opened, as it may be, then this rate of increase should be doubled.

The fact that the people of Afghanistan read and speak the Persian language is already giving the missionaries in Khorasan a unique advantage. Pushtu, the distinctive dialect of Afghanistan, has approximately the same relationship to Persian that Scotch or Gaelic has to English. Consequently Persian books and newspapers are widely read in that still closed land. From the American mission hospital in Meshed, in one year, 1791 copies of Scripture, most of them in the Persian language, were sold to visiting merchants from Afghanistan, a:p.d by .them were taken across the border and sold among their countrymen. The hospital at Meshed has many patients from the land of the great Mogul. At one time, and in one room, there were four hernia cases from the city of Herat.

A GREAT TASK FOR A LITTLE STATION The little mission station in Meshed, with never more than five missionaries, has undertaken to do extensive evangelistic and medical itinerating. The dotted lines on the map of Khorasan show how extensive these journeys have been. Two large cities, Tun and Tabbas, are still unvisited. They lie f·ar to the south, across the desert, in a region famous for its dates and oranges. Most of the other cities have been visited repeatedly and the people ha,ve bought hundreds of copies of Scriptures. They have shown a friendly interest in Christian preaching, and in some cases have urged the mission-

AN AMERICAN DOOR TO CENTRAL

aries "to come and stay." In Salzevar and in Nishapur particularly, substantial offers of help have been made if medical mission work could be started there. In Khorasan there are some seven cities in which stations could be started at once if the missionaries were available.

The English government has now extended a new railroad through Baluchistan, practically to the border of Persia, and has made a road for motor cars as f,ar north as Turbat-i- Haidari with the idea of extending this motor road on to Meshed. It will thus be possible for the Meshed missionaries, when equipped with light automobiles and la motor ambulance, to do much more extensive evangelistic and medical itinerating among the cities and villages along the border of Afghanistan. This will be in great contrast to the long and wearisome journey of eight hundred miles, on pack mules and running camels, made a year ago from Meshed to the terminus of the new English railroad. The journey was then made slowly, in seventytwo days, allowing opportunity for preaching and the selling of about 1,200 Scriptures in six cities and thirty-five villages.

THE SACRED CITY OF MESHED The map of the city of Meshed shows the location of the sacred shrine, the precincts of which only Mohammedans are allowed to enter. The American Presbyterian Mission Hospital was started in a rented Persian house, about ten minutes walk from the shrine area. About one hundred thousand pilgrims visit this shrine every year and more and more of them arc coming to the hospital, <both for treatment and to buy Scriptures. Fifteen thousand patients a year are treated in this hospit'al and as many as seven thousand copies of Scripture have been sold in Meshed in a single year.

While Meshed is the first great sacred city of Islam in which Christian missionary work has been eS,tablished, the opposition of fanatics has been much less noteworthy than the v.ery general appreciation shown by many thousands of the people. A striking example of this is the fact that two-thirds of the expense of the medical mission wdrk has been paid by the Persian people. , The American hospital took the lead in feeding the starving multitudes of Meshed during the recent famine. Last year when one of the missionaries, Dr. Lewis F. Esselstyn, died of typhus fever, the people said of him,"He gave his life for us." Will not the Church of Jesus Christ, wllo gave his life f,orthe people of Khorasan a:nd ifghanistan, respond to the need, of these ten millions of people who are ignorant of the Gospel and without its blessings ,

Opportunity Among

BY REV. LEMUEL CALL BARNES, D. D., NEW YORK Secretary, Department of English-speaking Missions, American Baptist Home Mission Society H OW can we at home do most for the men who are being demobilized and at the same time bring the greatest benefit to America and to all nations 1 The national government proposes a system of cooperation with State governments in what they name Soldier Settlements. This is an undertaking of profound social significance.

Food production is the basic business of civilized life. This is true not only because human existence depends upon it, but also because human character depends upon it. Food production and character production are more than concomitants, they are coefficients. The upward way of the human race from savagery to barbarism and from barbarism to civilization not only has been marked, but also has be'en, caused by the climb from the hunting to the nomadic stage and from the nomadic to the agricultural. This trend is so deep in the blood, so eternally genetic, that the best thing you can do for a boy or a man if you want to stabilize his character in its finest and most productive qualities is to put him into intimate contact with growing things. The home mission agencies should never be deflected from putting major emphasis on the complete Christianizing of agricultural settlements. Just now that is the most powerful reconstruction measure for returning soldiers. Having of necessity drilled them for months in the awful art of destruction, the most redemptive of services now is to re€lliist them in the business of production.

Another intimately spiritual aspect of the matter is the necessity for increased food production. The human family can not go on rising to higher levels without an ample supply of bread. Brains without bread are impotent. The pinch of inadequate 'nutrition is not as remote as we could wish. Years ago, that railroad statesman, James J. Hill, made the burden of his economic message in articles and books the fact that our food productIon has been nowhere near keeping pace with our growing population necessities.

Even in the United States we can no longer go on blindly ignoring that ominous fact. The war has shocked us awake. .At last' all men, not only thinking proletarians but even the most sodden theologians, have come to see that food supply is a matter of spiritual concern. We have even learned that it is preeminently 270 Christian to provide food for the whole world. Agricultural betterment is of the very substance of loyalty to Him who called Himself the Bread of Life and taught us to put as a constant element in our worship the prayer for daily bread. The Soldier Settlements summon us to make a new start in proclaiming the full gospel- and embedding religion in the very structure of whole neighborhoods.

A third consideration showing the promise of Soldier Settlements for the Kingdom of God is the fact that demobilized men naturally turn to the conquest of the land. The men of the American Revolution after winning national independence swarmed over the Appalachian Mountains for the winning of personal independence and led in the occupation of the eastern West. Before the Civil War ended, Abraham Lincoln, bred in the old West and knowing the needs of both the country and its men, signed the Homestead Act by which the new Central West was thrown open. War trained men were the foremost force in creating the mighty commonwealths between the Great Lakes and the arid zone.

Now after the Great World War, what is to be done to give similar outlet to the virile forces which come back in khaki? A few days ago I talked with a young man of active mind, who said that he and many whom he knew wanted to ge,t on farms. They had been living out of doors, doing hard physical work and bringing something to pass. The volu~tary element in the situation and its appeal to high ambition, make it fit in with the very substance of religion.

A fourth factor making the Soldier Settlement plan an unprecedented opportunity for demonstrating what Christianity can do, is the fact that such settlements are creatable only by a supreme exercise of the principle of brotherhood. Our government is preparing to create Soldier Settlements by immense cooperative projects. Tl).e old days of vast, well-watered and unoccupied areas no longer exist, where sturdy men could carve out homesteads for themselves by purely individualistic methods. Yet there is in America an abundance of fertile soil which can be made available by social action. Vast stretches of desert and of swamp have almost unbelievable depths of the richest kind of soil, still larger areas of logged-off land have abundant soil, but are occnpied with great stumps of the kind that would not rot out in two lifetimes. Immense capital, great engineering systems and organized armies of laborers are indispensable to the conquest of our still unconquered resources for the production of food and of character. One incidental advantage of the undertaking is that it will require that multitudes of our demobilized men be immediately remobilized for campaigns of- construction. One of the redeeming features of

the war has been the habit of unseliish brotherhood engendered by camp and trench and united onset. All the people cooperatively must open the unsubdued parts of our country for the returning soldiers in such a way that every man can have a fair chance to win and pay for an equipped, productive farm.

Again, the Soldier Settlements, if rightly handled, furnish a key to the entire problem of social reconstruction. It may unlock several essentials. One is the provision of adequate food and clothing at payable prices. This is essential for our congested urban populations. Only a people fed and clothed can consider questions reasonably. The burning questions of the immediate future will be answered with frantic passion if multitudes are hun- gry and cold. • Another essential is that the portion of our working population comprising the largest number of anyone kind Of manual workers be in an optimistic mood, namely, the agricultural contingent it- self, i. e., 35% of our entire population. For years rural life had been deteriorating. In our century strenuous efforts have been made by various nations and agencies, including home mission boards, for the betterment of rural conditions. Now is the time to give those manifold, maturing plans a rapid realization through the creation of the Soldier Settlements on the best lines known, start- ing them de novo, without the fearful drag of hardened habits.

Another essential of the coming kingdom of heaven on earth is the exaltation of manual occupations till they ·are seen to be divine, employing mind and will as well as muscle. Agriculture is the manual vocation most readily capable of such spiritualization. If we put the men-mill men, office men, college men-who gloriously dug the battle trenches in France, to digging irrigation trenches in Arizona and drainage ditches in Louisiana, then to turning the swamps and deserts into model farmstead communities for them- selves and their loved ones, we can do more in the sight of the whole world, as well as in the sight of God, during the next ten years than in one hundred years under ordinary conditions..

It is hardly needful to add that the proposed Soldier Settle- ments provide not only an opportunity, but Without question an im- perious call, for inter-church cooperation. The governrilent does not prohibit the free exercise of religion by any individual· or group of individuals. At the same time, if the denominations al- low themselves to be drawn into the expenditure of the sacred funds given for the extension of Christ's Kingdom on earth, into mere competitive, sectarian rivalries, they have committed treason to a holy trust and will be condemned. Here is the opportunity for us. to say at the creative hour of new communities: Cooperation is the law of Christ. . If any two or three inhabitants of a Soldier

CHRISTIAN OPPORTUNITY AMONG SOLDIERS

Settlement want to have a church of their own and support it themselves, it is nobody's business but theirs and God's. But. if they should call upon home mission agencies to support them with missionary money the responsibility would be transferred to the Boards and they would have to answer for the misappropriation of funds if they used money for such a purpose.

It is impossible as yet to tell how large a task is laid upon home mission agencies by the proposed Soldier Settlements. But enough is ascertained to suggest immediate dimensions. After subtracting the areas now improved and the other vast areas which are unavailable for agriculture, we have 372 million acres of unimproved land which can be brought under cultivation. In order not to be staggered by the magnitude of the problem let us say that only one-tenth of that area, or 37 millions acres, are likely to be subdued in the immediate future even by the demobilized army. In some of the irrigated tracts 10 acres are enough for a family, 40 acres are enough in a large number of cases. But suppose that the average is to be 100 acres, a large allowance for the new intensive farming. That would mean 370,000 new farms. How many new churches will that require? The majority of the new settlement churches in the past have begun with less than 25 constituent families. But assume four times that manv for the new non-competitive order,L e., one hundred families to' a church a~d six families on each square mile. With the church at the center several of the one hundred families would be four miles away. These conservative figures show the necessity for 3,700 n~w churches in the next few years.

But the number of churches is not the main thing. They must be of a new type. Even if they were confined to the old lines of church life, the churches for our men from France would have to be of a commanding strength which few frontier churches had in former times and they must have a corresponding outlay for workers and equipment. Can we serve the men who have saved the world with the aid of manifold new instrumentalities. and not give them the best that the Spirit of God has given us iIi ideals, methods and equipment for embodying the whole round of religion 7 The one-celled meeting-house of the old frontier and the singlebarrel shotgun preacher will not do for the men who have learned to cope successfully with the magnificent equipment of the world 'f! greatest military forces.

No one can look into the opportunity of the churches in connection with the Soldier Settlements without being oonvinced that it is an opportunity of the first magnitUde.

and Its Savor in China-II

Do the Chinese Make Good Christians'

BY REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, TSING TAU, CHINA Author of "China From Within"

O NE of the most appalling things that the itinerant missionary sees is the enactment of the "ma kiei" (the reviling of the Street). Usually it is done by a woman, who, cowed and dishonored, has endured abuse till she rebels-breaks like a whelming flood against a dam. Wild and frenzied, she rushes out into the street there in the presence of the neighbors fast-gathering for the spectacle to relieve her mind of one awful typhoon of vituperation; and, because heathenism has no gods worth cursing by, she likens the object of her wrath to all the lower orders of creation, big and little, four footed and two, quadrupeds and vermin. With her locks dishevelled, and tearing her clothes, her arms waving in frantic energy, and beating her breast, she reviles all the ghosts of her husband's ancestors and all his posterity to the nth generation. She curses every home on the stJ:eet, up one side and down ·the other-until she falls, frothing, often a physical wreck for life, or permanently blind as a result, or with a blood vessel broken.

I arrived late on Saturday night to worship over Sabbath in the home of a single Christian of the village. He was a fine old man, mellowed by sorrow and trial, and an elder. A cunning scheme was worked out by the village to humiliate him in the presence of the foreign "Shepherd." Newly dug peanuts were sunning on the threshing floor of a next door neighbor. A man sauntered up and -began to accuse the elder's wife, who was a heathen, of stealing several peanuts off that floor. As he taunted and vociferated, accomplices joined him; the din of shouting and recrimination increased in fury until the young bucks had the old 'woman wild in uncontrollpd and uncontrollable rage. Her raving was perfectly awful to see and hear. Before its climax was reached the whole village apparently had asspmbled, the narrow street was jammed with an excitpd crowd, gesticulating and commenting on the spectacle, common enough, but interesting now because of the foreigner. And as she collapsed the gang of heartless mischief-makers, leering, moved nearer her house and shouted into the gray-bearded elder: "This is the self-control and love of the er-kwei-tsi kia! This is the power of thp Jesus Doctrine!"

But the power of it they never knew. They thought he was a coward, afraid to come out and .become a part of the new flow of inflamed filth. But inside, he. was on his knees, and pouring out his soul to God for strength to love them and show them a good example.

274 Many members of the Catholic Church in China are village roughs and bullies who had grudges to pay; they are also law-suit promoters, who seek power and prestige before the magistrate in pressing cases backed by priests of the Roman hierarchy. Many of the members are unregenerates who, appearing for examination be- fore Protestant missionaries, were, recommended to more study; and, in pique at what is termed "loss of face," in not being received at once into church membership, they hastily offered themselves to the priest. I have examined a number, who did not know who Mary is, or even who is Jesus. But such were speedily baptized by the priest and entered at once upon interesting careers of zeal for the Church, which took the form of harassing Protestant Christians.

Repeatedly with clubs they have broken up our religious serv- ices; once, with guns, one of which was accidentally discharged by a rowdy into the arm of a pal, thereby causing the gang to accuse vf attempted murder a mild and innocent worshipper in that service.

He was in prison six months before the truth of his innocence leaked oot. '

Where they dared, their policy has been to terrorize humble, inoffensive folk. A poor woman whose husband had died and who was childless, was the only Protestant Christian in a village of one of our churches, where twenty families had suddenly become Catho- lics in order to successfully push a law-suit against a rival clan.

They threw all her chickens into her well, and committed a series of like outrages-petty to us, but great to her. In answer to her request to know wherein she had offended them they wrote: "Noth- ing, but we want you to know that we ar,e 'Ii hai' (fierce) and you had better clear out!" She did, leaving her small property to her spoilers.

Ill.. another village a gang of Catholics had sought to drive out a single Protestant family, burning their harvested wheat and their house, and lighting fires under their plow-ox.

The magistrate in a County near Tsingtau was in bondage of fear to foreign priests there. He did whatever they demanded.

They entered upon a systematic plan to use this official and their own rowdies to frighten our Christians either into recanting and joining their ranks, or else into moving out of certain desirable vil- lages. Our services were repeatedly broken up, the leaders carried off to the yamen, where they were imprisoned and bambooed and repeatedly tortured by the yarnen henchmen for blackmail.

Well do these Christian know that as Paul said: "Through tribulation they enter in.to the Kingdom of God."

Yes, these Christians endure, and without repining. A mis- sionary friend cites the case of Han Wu. Waylaid outside the village by his heathen neighbors, he was beaten until insensible and left there to die. Kind' Christian friends, hearing of the outrage,

took him up, and as they were tenderly laying him down on his brick bed, one of them asked: "Are you suffering much, Brother HanY" "Nothing like my Lord suffered for me." From the beginning the most powerful and fiercest enemies of Christianity in China have been the officials. To the national antipathy towards a strange religion coming in to usurp the place of the 91d, has been added the knowledge of foreign aggressions, the forcing of leases and concessions by their Governments, and the political indiscretions of the Roman Catholic priests. They have usually felt that, in the language of one official: "Christians are roughnecks, who need shaving with the heavy razor" (the headsman's sword).

Even Li Hung Chang could say: "I hated the foreign religion more violently than all other scourges in the world: and I prayed and hoped that not alone would the Taipings be destroyed, but that earthquakes, eruptions of mountains, and terrible fevers would make the Christian nations without a man, a woman, or a child."

A great Viceroy wrote: "Christians are rats of disease caught from the leprous missionaries of Canton; and they would run into all the holes of the centre and north and spread their vile malady. The lingering death of a thousand slices should be applied to. all those who have countenanced this foreign doctrine. If my own arms were not so lame during this season from rheumatism and other ailments of the blood, nothing could please me better than to take a place as executioner of the vermin."

Apart from the fact that Christianity was for them a troublebre~der, it has seemed utterly absurd to the Confucian Literati and officials of China. As Li Hung Chang put it: "It is a part of the Christian teaching that the "Heaven-Father" let his son come on earth and die for wicked people. Such teaching I If they would say he came and died for the good people, it would sound sensible, even though the rest of their doctrines are too absurd for a man with brains to give a serious thought to. If the gods are good and want men to be good, will they allow members of. their families to be killed like criminals for the sake of criminals? It has been long intimated that most of those foreign devils are .crazy, and I am beginning to believe it. But it is strange that they ehould be able to draw any of our people away from the old religion and old philosophy. I cannot understand how it is,. but I am sure this crazy fad will die out."

The officials have had numberless methods and opportunities to try in the dark, and without fear of exposure, to make it "die out." The authority of each magistrate in his district is practically absolute; and no Christian who would be brought before him would think of being so rash as to oppose his will.

SALT AND ITS SAVOR IN CHINA

Often the persecution by fellow-villagers is intimately bound up with that by officials, because the latter can so powerfully abet and crushingly complete what neighbors have begun. For instance, in the case of refusal on the part of one of our Christians to pay a share or subscription towards a temple show, a subscription eCKorbitant and arbitrarily assessed him,-which he would have repudiated, even had it been smaller-the village elders sued him before the magistrate, who made him pay heavily and had his feet bam- booed for good measure. These unfair discriminations €CKtend from the most trivial affairs to the most serious. The young son of one of our Christians cut grass over the boundary line of his neighbor'S patch-by accident, he claimed. The regula~ fine for such transgressing was five tiao; but the village elders fined him ten. Immediately afterward two heathen were caught in the same misdemeanor, and they were not fined at all.

In one village, a heathen stole twenty-five tiao from a Christian. The amount of money, the time, and the place and culprit were all known to the official; but because the robbed was a Christian, he would do nothing.

"In another village we had two families wretchedly poor, whose men needed all their time to earn food. The roads were kept up well there, because they were in German territory. The Chinese road-master so alIated the work, as to make the heads of these poverty-stricken families work greatly over time on the roads. By an equitable arrangement their share of road-taCK, worked out in time, would have been a couple of weeks. They were made to do the portion of several heathen families-who escaped with no service and were not required to pay for substitutes.

In still another village some of our members started a Christian school j the magistrate would not start an official school there, yet he fined and punished them because they started a better one than his would have been.

More serious cases frequently occur. Roughs of a certain village organized themselves into a "Rei Yie Rui" (Black Night Society) . Disfiguring and breaking the smaller idols of the village temple, they strewed them, armless, headless, around the temple yard; also threw the larger ones on their noses in the dirt. They then went to the county official and accused a fellow-villager, a Christian, of being guilty of the sacrilege. Wh~reupon the Christian who-mark it-was well-to-do, was ordered to pay all costs of the law-suit, and a fine of 500 tiao, (which probably went into the mandarin's pocket) ; he was also ordered to repair the temple, and bear the expense of bringing a troupe of travelling players to the village'.

This sort of procedure is called by the Christians "rubbing in the salt, H in referenceto an ancient custom still extant in the yamen

of not only bambooing an innocent man, but also rubbing salt into the raw and lacerated flesh.

Incidentally, the officials understand perfectly their legal right to deal with Chinese subjects'· as they please-which right they usually exercise despotically, and practically there is no appeal. Since the establishment of the Republic the Ohinese are instructed no longer to "ka tou" before a magistrate. On the 27th of October, 1913, one of our Christians was hauled on a false charge before the Oounty official, who ordered him to "ka tou." He refused. And as he stood and bowed, he said: "I prostrate myself only to Jesus Christ, My heavenly Master!" For his temerity he was imprisoned and bambooed 400 strokes.

Moreover the magistrates can now with better face than formerly resent interference from foreigriers. Such interference often results in more pressure being brought to bear upon the persecuted and those close to him. Realizing the unwisdom of meddling in yamen processes, the policy long ago adopted by Protestant missionaries-hard as it has sometimes seemed to the Christians,-has been that of concentrating their efforts on praying with and for the unfortunates, and on instructing them in the Scripture attitude, and in exhorting them to endure hardness as good soldiers of Jesus Christ.

Recently there has been much persecution by soldiers. During the Revolution the situation in Shantung Province was peculiar. Fourteen or fifteen of the provinces to the south were practically solid for the Republic. Shantung Province and those to the northward were filled wih Yuan-Shi Kai's German-trained Manchu Regulars. Not only was there little chance for the R~publicans to gain much foothold in Shantung, but the Manchu troops in small bands infested the country sides, dominating the villages and markettowns. The soldiers, in these small bands, removed from the eyes of their superiors, raided and looted and burned and raped without let or hindrance. The Christians were often the especial objects of their violence. Their voice was not to be heard, even had the authorities been willing to listen to such "trivial" matters.

. A certain general with his troops was qu~rtered in one of the walled cities of our field. I visited him and politely called his at_ tention to the fact that even our little school-boys, assuredly innocent of crime, were, at that moment, contrary to a proclamation guaranteeing religious liberty, manacled in a low, filthy den inside the yamen. He smiled incredulity. I knew, for I had earlier visited them in there. Some of their mothers were distracted with grief; sick from fear for their boys. His reply was: "We are after only the "tu fei" (ie. robbers). And all outrages, purposedly and definitely committed against Christians, as Christians, were explained away on that ground.

It was a sight to see Christians brought into and through a town tied to the tails of horses; to see a band of troopers dash up to a railway station, and on signal enter the train and haul out a man and execute him on the spot; to see headless trunks hanging outside city gates, and the heads in the moats nosed around by starving curs.

Those who read the vernacular papers in China, or are in touch with the foreign journals, cannot fail to be impressed with the con- dition of chronic anarchy and terrorism, due to organized bands of bandits, that obtains extensively in some section or another all the time in China. The names of many of these societies and bands are significant–names like "Black Tiger Society," or "Strong Ox Society"-suggesting their object which is to oppose Western learning and Christianity-all of which are rendering the classics, their use and teachings, obsolete. To this end they makl" a speciality of harrying and persecuting Christians. Many a country side has in the last year been terrorized by such proclamations as the following posted June 4, 1913. !'Black Tiger Faithful Right- eousness Society, Proclamation: .

"Because of the Government's persecution of the people this Society has twice during the last year fought against Sienyu and has won, but there is a class of people who are destroying the idols and the ancestors, and are therefore in constant opposition to our society. Our society has now collected a large number of men and will first destroy this class of people, and then will cross swords with the Government.

"Be it known to all people of this religion, that if I make a night attack anywhere, and you separate yourselves from this class of people, you will escape all injury. Stand aside and watch. If you do not do this, it will be difficult to distinguish one from the other, and all will be destroyed. I therefore issue this proclamation that all may know."

In other places, the robbers took all supplies of live stock and grain, and not only killed women and children, but took Christian men, and put them in the front line of fights, to draw the fire of soldiers; if these conscripted and unwilling fighters tried to flee, they were shot by their captors.

But there is a persecution that, in extent and sustained intensity, exceeds all the foregoing: It is the Hidden Horror of Heathenism.

It is called by the Christians "Burying alive." It refers to the treatment of Christian daughters-in-law, in the families of lieathen mothers-in-law.

A baby girl, while her parents were yet heathen, has been be- trothed into a heathen family. In the course of time her parents became Christians; she was given a chance at school, and grows up, trained and winsome, with the laudable ambition to make her own

home a real Christian home. But her parents dare not break the cont~act; and she is tied for life to a peasant boor-uneducated, unsympathetic, coarse and brutal. Until he lifts the heavy veil cloth, following the marriage ceremony, he has never seen her; possibly is considerably younger, perhaps at marriage is still a boy. For the Christian bride it is a living death-the steady, relentless pressure, glacier-like, of nagging and contumely. The young wife is supposed to have swallowed a "magic Jesus Doctrine pill," and the only way to get it out is to work it ,out. This the family set themselves, through heaping drudgery and abuse upon her, to do. All the members have a hand in the process, even the younger female relatives.

A woman, converted in one of 'the meetings I was conducting, confessed there with agonized weeping that for ten years she had made life as nearly unendurable as possible for her oldest sisterin-law, one of our best Bible-women.

A charming Yo.ung woman in one of our churches,-an unusually good teacher she was,-on her marriage was repeatedly threatened by her husband. Daily bran~i'shing a knife before her, he daily vowed that he would cut out her heart, if she did not recant. Finally, because of her religion, he divorced her-putting her into an unspeakably disgraceful and helpless condition for a woman in China; Humanly speaking, it would seem as if the lamp of faith of these girls:..-unbefriended, abused) hated,-could only feebly flicker, to be ultimately snuffed out. Few other situations so remind one of a ,doomed man, caught in quicksand and inexorably sucked down, slowly sinking out of sight-and yet these women rarely go under.

Ultimately these testimonies induce profound respect for the individuals and for their faith. Officials, though persecuting, are favorably impressed. There have been school-boys, who, alone out of many schools in their city, when parading and ordered to enter the temple of Confucius, and, along with their Government School fellows, worship the image of the Sage, refused to obey the magistrate's command. They expected to be bambooed for their courage. Instead they were presented by the magistrate whom they defied with a silken banner in tribute to their courageous adherence to convictions.

To endure persecution for righteousness ' sake and to reward good for evil, is, as a principle and as a phenomenon, strange to heathenism. And, while the heathen do not understand the reason for this' attitude, they yet respect it. It was this attitude that, during Boxer days, caused tormentors to cut out the hearts of martyrs in order to look for the secret of martyr-courage. It is that which today has caused officials to say to our Christians: "We know no Gods who are worth suffering for!" Ah, but our Christians have answered, "We know One for Whom we would gladly diel"

Coope, Sky Pilot to San BIas

BY MISS BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY,'NEW YORK Author of "Holding The Ropes," "Love Stories of Great Missionaries," Etc, A NNACOOPE is a heroic missionary, whose dauntless courage is akin to that of Mary Slessor. She worked in obscurity until the Latin American Conference at Panama in 1916 revealed her to the Christian world. Among the San BIas Indians on an island off the coast of the Republic of Panama, "Miss Coope swept in like a sea breeze," said Robert E. Speer in quoting from one of her addresses, and James H. McLean was so impressed with what God had done through this one woman, that he appended a brief sketch of her life to his text-book, "The Living Christ in Latin America."

Anna Coope was born on May 31, 1864, at Bolton in Lancashire, England. She was the firstborn of her parents but received scant welcome because she was not a hoy! Like David Livingstone and Mary Slessor she was early put to work at the loom and like them, she had an insatiate appetite for reading and study.

She did not come from a Christian home. Her mother cared little for religion and her father, though he had been brought up by a godly mother who prayed much for her children, was bitterly opposed to Christianity. Nevertheless Anna early became a seeker after God and a worker for Him. When she definitely accepted Jesus as her Saviour, at the age of seventeen, her father frequently threatened to turn her out of doors. Many a night when she was at church he locked the door and dared her mother to open it. But the mother always crept down and let the daughter in, thereby calling down a storm of wrath upon her head. Yet the girl loved her father and prayed for him, feeling sure that some day he would be saved.

Miss Coope's interest in missions began at the age of seven or eight. On one of those rare occasions when her father reluctantly allowed her to go to Sunday-school with a little neighbor girl, she heard a lady tell about the children of India who knew nothing of Jesus and His love for little children. "Why doesn't somebody go to tell them1" she asked. "I would go jf I were big enough. When I get big I will go! "

"From that day," she says, "I was marked for a missionary to the Indians somewhere. Hencefor1;h that was my star, my *Anna Coope; Sky Pilot of the San BIas Indians. An autobiography. With map and illustrations from the author's photographs. 12mo, cloth. 180 pages. $1.25 net. American Tract Society, New York.

281

goal. " This purpose was further developed by a little magazine, "The Life and Explorations of David Livingstone," to which her father subscribed later on. "He read it because he was interest- ed in the exploration scheme," she says. "But I read it because David Livingstone preached .Jesus to the poor Africans. What did I care about the source of the Nile T I wanted to find the source of salvation! Livingstone became my hero and I deter- mined that I would be a missionary after I had fonnd out how I could myself be saved."

The purpose to be a missionary, however, did not come to full fruition until after she had removed to America with her parents and was settled in the little town of Edgewood, Rhode Island. Here in a small Adventist church where she had found spiritual food and fellowship, she heard missionaries returning from the W!Olst Indies speak from time to time. They invariably spoke of the great need of more workers and this at last proved to be her call.

These missionarips had gone out on the faith plan without salaries guaranteed by a Board and she had read the lif~ of George Miiller of Bristol and had been depply impresspd by it. So she decided to be a faith missionary and trust God for sup- port. Accordingly, after waiting patiently upon God to know His will in the matter, she announced in church one evening that she felt called to be a missionary to the West Indies and was going by the first boat she could catch' She had no idea what this would cost, nor d;d she stop to inquire. When ask(ld where the money was coming from she simply answered, "From God. He has called me to go and will pay all expenses."

The very next Sunday a working girl of the church put five dollars into her hand saying that she wished to share in the blessing. And that same day at the evening service, one of the deacons announced that he would be responsible for "our sister Anna's expenses to the West Indies."

Thus it has been ever since. Every need has been -met, every want supplied as promptly as in the days of the prophets and the apostles. Never once has God failed her. "I do not talk about my needs," she says "I never need to. I am to be about my Father's business and He Himself takes care of me. 'I'm the child of a King' and no bpggar. My Father can speak for me better than I can for -myself, so I always let Him do it."

On October 2, 1897, she sailed from New York with a party of missionaries bound for the West Indies and stopped with them at various islands holding meetings and distributing tracts. At a conference of workers held in the Barbadoes in January, 1898, she heard a young woman from Bolivar, Venezuela, tell of a tribe of degraded Indians on the banks of the Orinoco who had no mis-

ANNA COOPE, SKY PILOT TO SAN BLAS INDIANS

sionary and wanted one. This appealed to her, and after waiting upon God, she decided to go there. But the way did not open at once and in the summer of 1900 she was called home by the ser- ious illness of her mother.

She found her mother nigh unto death and still without hope in Christ Jesus. It seemed too late, but Anna Coope prayed to God pleadeq. with her mother, and two weeks later she accepted salvation through Jesus. It was a time of rejoicing, and during the three weeKs that the mother still tarried on earth, she preached Christ to all who came to her bedside..

Her death laid upon Anna Coope a new duty-the care of her father who was now past seventy. For six years they lived comfortably together in their little home, she taking up her old trade of weaving linen to pay expenses. The old man was as bitter as ever against religion, until he was laid low by a paralytic stroke. Then one morning before daybreak, he suddenly said, "Anna, get your Bible and teach me the way to heaven!" Gladly ~he did so and within an hour this hardened old sinner of seventy- eight had accepted Christ as his Saviour. Thus were answered the many prayers, not only of his daughter, but of his godly old mother as well.

Though it was only four 0 'clock in the morning, the daughter, in a wild delirium of joy. at once sat down to write the news to her friends, among them a preacher in the West Indies who had insisted that she ought to put her father in a home for the aged and l"eturn to her work. "I told him," she says, "that though this man was my father, I knew he was a great sinner, and that I felt that God had given me this heathen at home to convert before I could go to the Indians; and that if I wanted God's blessing I must do the duty that lay right before me."

At eight that same morning, the old man began to preach Christ to his nearest neighbor, and during the nine days of life that remained, he lost no opportunity of telling how Jesus had saved him.

His death left his daughter free to go in search of the In- dians on the Orinoco and within a month she had sold the little home and all its contents. Part of the proceeds she sent to India and Japan to work where she could not go in person. Then in November, 1907, she sailed again for the West Indies. The way was blocked to Venezuela, but hearing through a colporteur of a chief on the Orinoco who had bOllght a Spanish Bible and wanted 11. teacher she was the more determined to go. Presently the way cleared and accompanied by three colored girls, she began the long-talked of journey. .

The voyage up the river proved perilous and trying. But her courage did not fail. God had said l{ Go," and she went trusting

Him to take care of her. As she went she preached Christ, rarely to crowds but constantly to individuals-rough boatman, Spanish traders under the influence of liquor, and heathen Indians who had never even heard the name of Jesus. And, unpromising though the material seemed, God gave her souls for her hire.

But her faith and courage were often tested. One night when obliged to sleep on the sandy bank of the river, she was awakened by the excited twittering of the birds in the bushes nearby. Almost immediately a great black and yellow snake came gliding by. It was quickly dispatched by one of the boatmen, but her terrified girls insisted that its mate would soon come in search of it. "What if it does?" she cried. "The birds will notify us. God has ,evidently set special guardians around us."

Another night when she was preparing to sleep in an uninhabited adobe house, she found that the palm-thatched roof was alive with spiders, bats and whip-snakes! At first she hesitated, but being assured that these things were not dangerous, she spread her cot and slept all night without harm.

No:r was she afraid of savage men. One mght when she had played on her little folding organ and sung until she was hoarse for a fascinated crowd of some 150 wild Indians who would not go home, she lay down on her cot without undressing and was soon fast asleep. Opening herey;es at daybreak she found them still there, as motionless as wooden images! They had been there all night and her girls had not slept at all fearing lest they kill her and scalp them.

"Where is your faith?" she cried. "We are on business for the King and has He not promised to take care of us 7 Don't you see how He has guarded us every step of the way? He has protected us from snakes and all things hurtful and now has let these men stand guard over us all night to protect us from we know not what danger."

At the village of San Isidro she found the tribe she was seeking. They welcomed her kindly, but the chief was very ill and told her she had come too late. He was apparently dying and she was overcome with grief. But a great wave of faith filled her heart and she besought God to let the chief live in order that his soul might be saved. Almost immediately he began to improve. A few days later he came to see her in her tent and that same day accepted Jesus as his Saviour. But, alas! after four months' consistent living, he "went to be with Jesus" and her work there was brought to a close. According to the custom of the Indians, they burned many of their huts and went to the mountains where they would remain scattered until a new chief was appointed. She begged to go with them, but they were not willing. But they

191'9] CHRISTMAS IN THE SLUMS OF TOKYO

thanked her. for coming to tell them of Jesus and promised not to forget.

From Isidro Miss Coope Wlent to Bolivar City where she found a package of mail. Through a clipping in one of the letters she was led to go to Colon in the Republic of Panama where she heard of a group of San Blas Indians who were asking for a woman missionary to teach them. This proved to be her call to permanent work, and after some delay she went to settle among them.

Alone and unaided she entered upon the work of transforming a tribe of some 800 Redmen among whom the forces of Rome and rum had been working ruin. There was much opposition at first and the story of her adventures in the launch in which she made her first trip to her field is one of the most exciting in the literature of missions. More than once her life was in danger, but through God she won the day. By and by the opposition ceased and she was left sole master of the field. She has really done a great work for these Indians. Though she is preeminently a soul winner, she is not unmindful of the material needs of her people.

"They tell me," she said at the Latin American Conference, "that I have no results because I am working for the souls of these Indians-no economic and social results. But when I came to my island there were no roads, only paths where the Indians walked duck fashion. Now there are wide roads crossing the island in both directions where they can walk twelve men abreast. Then there were eight saloons, now there are none."

Her autobiography is a gold mine of stories. Among them is that famous one that has been going the rounds of the religious press (without giving her name or station) of the parrot that came to school and learned to sing "Onward, Christian Soldiers" so quickly that it helped to spur the children on.

Christmas in the Slums of Tokyo BY REV. WILLIAM J. HUTCHINS Professor Hutchins is giving Bible addresses in China and India while on a tour of the mission fields of Asia with Dr. George Sherwood Eddy.

-Editor.

W E t:eached the Japanese capital on Christmas afternoon. Merle Davis, the honorary secretary· of the Y. M. C. A., guided us in an automobile through miles of muddy streets. The cold penetrated our heaviest winter clothing, and yet the shops were almost all opened to. the weather. The merchants crouched over their hibachis, or charcoal braziers, try-

ing to keep warm. Boys and women with feet absolutely bare walked .on their clogs, pitiably uncomfortable. We stopped at a charming little street of toy shops which served as the approach to the great temple of the goddess Kwannon. As we passed under the temple gate-way, we came into the more sacred enclosure, in which all day long merchants and money changers, sellers of pigeons and of little images of the goddess ply their trade. The temple, alas, was closed for the day, so that we did not see the image, whose body has been largely rubbed away by devotees who have touched that portion of the body which in them is suffering pain.

We were then driven to a slum which few foreigners ever see. The main streets were wide, there were no sidewalks, and the mud flowed right up to the little open shops. Leaving our car, we struck into a lane perhaps six feet wide-one mass of sloppy mud, in which one's rubbers slipp'ed off, failing (as Christian Science fails) just at the crisis when needed. Here and there were dim lights, by which we worked our way into a still narrower lane, and struck a section than which there is nothing more deplorable in Tokyo. On both sides of a muddy path were tenements, each consisting of one room, separated from each other by paper, walled in front and back by paper panels. Each room was six by nine feet. Beneath was stenchful water. Here was a middle aged man, lying under a blanket, while his boy, getting under the blanket at the man's feet, crouched over for warmth. In another room sitting over the brazier, which smoked horribly, were a man and woman, and a baby crying quietly. Next was a room of the same size, in which an old man, with long gray ,beard, sat like a Buddha. He was blind. His wife met us with a bow to the ground, and with a gracious smile which would have befitted a queen. There was a little baby in a box, a god-shelf above the door. These people have two children at work, who return to sleep in . the same pitiable little room. Davis reminded the woman that it was Christmas, and gave her a little present, and the gentle grace with which she received it broke one's heart. It is now some 1900 years ago that the mother of our Lord suffered for such women. Above· one of the worst of these houses was a tiny roof garden, a last pathetic struggle for the beauty of the world.

We passed through a covered way, on the one side a cesspool and toilet, on the other side the communal kitchen. In wet weather the sewage drifts into the kitchen. We were now in a tunnel tenement. On either side of a roofed lane were tiny rooms. In one of these rooms, kept with exquisite care, were a father and

HOW TURKS CONDUCT AN

mother, one half blind child and several other children. Everywhere Davis was greeted with rare and beautiful courtesy, which his own kind heart well deserved. Fifteen thousand people in Tokyo, we were told, live in misery like this.

We then were driven to a slum of a better sort. This was the lodging house section for the factory workers. We looked down street after street, lined with houses, in each of which we could see stall-like rooms, in which from one to six workmen would lodge. Many of these "hands" come from the country, spend a couple of years in the city, and often return to the country, demoralized and physically ruined. In all this worst section, with its nearly a million people, there is, up to date, no resident missionary.

It was good to get back to a Christian home that night, to see the children about the Christmas tree, and to know that one day a Christian Christmas might come to this, the greatest city of Asia.

How Turks Conduct an Orphanage 'ANTOURA: THE SHELTER OF A THOUSAND TRAGEDIES BY MAJOR STEPHEN TROWBRIDGE American Red Cross Commission to Syria and Palestine I T may surprise many to know that the Turks conducted an or- phanage for Armenian and Kurdish children during the war. In the village of 'Antoura, in a beautiful valley of the Lebanon, twelve miles north of Beirut, an officially appointed Commission of the Young Turks gathered during the second and third years of the war nearly two thousand Armenian and Kurdish orphans. But what a vast difference there was between this institution and those conducted under Christian auspices. The commission subjected the children to a rigid system of training in the Turkish language, Turkish history, and the Mohammedan religion. Every vestige and as far as possible every memory, of the children's religious and racial inheritance was done away with. Turkish names were assigned and the children were compelled to undergo the rites prescribed by Islamic law and tradition. The girls were being trained in "Ottoman Kultur" in preparation for the harems of Turkish officers and notables. The boys were bea.ng trained as servants in the Army or Government.

Not a word of Armenian or Kurdish was allowed to be spoken by the children. Turkish ideas and customs were impressed upon the lives of the children, and they were taught the reasons contributing to the glory of Ottoman arms and the prestige of the Turkish race. Whenever a German or Turkish officer visited the orphanage the children must form a hollow square and shout: "Long

life to our King! (the Sultan) Long life to Germany!" The children were drilled in the genuflections and formulas of Moslem prayer and in the creed: "There is no God but .Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet." The little crosses which many of the Armenian children wore at their necks were destroyed.

The building chosen by the Commission was the large Boys' Sohool of the Lazarist Fathers in 'Antoura. Army officers were detailed to go to the concentration camps north and south of Damascus to select the children. I…outfi Bey was appointed director, and Khalideh Khanum of Constantinople, a lady of remarkable literary ability, furnished the teaching staff from her private school in Beirut, and Djemal Pasha delighted in having their photographs taken on the steps of the orphanage, surrounded lY the employed staff, as the.leaders of Ottoman modernism.

At the 'Antoura orphanage, on October 17th and 18th, 1918, nine days after the Franco-British occupation of Beirut, nearly two thousand ohildren had decreased until there were only six hundred and sixty-nine orphans left-151 girls and 489 boys-Armenians and Kurds, beside 29 Syrians. All the rest of the two thousand had died during the .past three years.

Beirut and the Lebanon are now under a kindly and equitable French administration. The Military Governor has authorized Professor Stewart Crawfo'rd of the faculty of the Syrian Protestant College to become the director of the 'Antoura Orphanage. The boys and girls will be cared for in separate buildings and useful industries and educational classes will be organized. The children will be put upon their honor and gradually a plan of self-government will be worked out. They are already learning what American justice means. They have found out to their delight that Prof. Crawford is the best friend they have ever had.

This brief sketch gives only a very imperfect glimpse of the throbbing human need in these 669 lives. For the love of God shall we not share with these children the best things we have, shall not the Red Cross make the orphanage of a thousand tragedies into a home of ten thousand blessings' For the old people who have survived the wilderness marches we can do little. They instinctively brood over the past. But for these young lives there is aspiration and hope and energy. It is not too late to re-create by months of patient effort the childlike trustfulness which has been so rudely broken. Only the Great Shepherd Himself can measure to the full the value of these lives. Laying His hands upon them in benediction, He will call the children by their true names. For He knoweth them, every one.

and Religion "Over There"

BY PHILIP E. HOWARD, PHILADELPHIA President of The Sunday School Times Company I NTO what religious and moral conditions have our American soldier boys been projected in Great Britain and France? In the closing year of the war at any time about a hundred thou- sand Americans might have been found in the British Isles, in addition to the vast numbers in lhance. What may American churches learn from the British and French experiences of these critical years, so that the future may be marked by a more adequate provision for spiritual life and service?

On a tour among the British churches last year, I found everywhere large ~ngregations,-large by any standard in peace or war time. Nearly every one of the few men in the congregation were in uniform. The general withdrawal of men from the churchert has broken into institutional work everywhere, and to an unwontea degree women have been placed in executive positions in church work. The available men, too, have had very heavy additional demands upon their time· and strength, over and above the sharp pressure of the competition that belongs to normal life there. Through sheer weariness both men and women have been unable to do all they might wish in church work. Some are just managing to "carryon," with a nervous breakdown impending,-a very common condition at this moment among even these sturdy British Christian workers.

The problems of the war, political and material, have been so stupendous that one finds most men preoccupied with such questions. It has been difficult to steer conversation away from politics and war, to the inner concerns of the spiritual life of the churches. Few conversations turned in that direction naturally, even though it -was known that the group of men in our party represented the American religious press. Without very special inquiry, we should have heard little about the life of the churches, and often it required a distinct effort, ev,en with clergymen, to hold the conversation to inquiries affecting spiritual things. When interviews were especially arranged to discuss the subject, we heard in the fullest, most explicit ways, the experiences and views of British church leadership, but on other occasions political questions were more absorbing than any other.

The war has lowered moral standards. You cannot touch the sexual vice question in conversation with any well informed person ., in England or Scotland, or France without making that discovery.

Not only is there little evidence of effective civic restriction of the social evil, but there are not the effective efforts in widespread evangelism which might reach thousands. The awful pathos of the whole pitiful vice business is a heartbreaking burden to many British and French evangelical leaders, and the physical and spiritual sacrifice of manhood and womanhood goes on. One wonders why large and decisive measures are not taken to evangelize the most needy neighborhoods and why there is not a more effective government restriction of vice. The harvest will surely be a bitter harvest, if present conditions are allowed to prevail.

One British editor expressed the opinion that we are suffering from an infection throughout the world,-the spread of spiritual anarchism. We know enough of the popularity of false religions in America to keep us very humble about our individual and corporate achievements in matters religious. Nowhere have I seen greater devoutness in worship, more serene bearing of keenest sorrow, or more intensity of individual spiritual service than in England and Scotland.

In many of the camps abroad the progress of religious work has not been adequately carried out by workers who gave it only a decidedly secondary place, while the boys themselves were receptive to straight Gospel talks and personal evangelism. Some men have however done extensive evangelistic work in spite of every hindrance, and have been greatly used in the saving of thousands.

The soldiers have not been dodging the Gospel. Some of these fellows who were facing death were disappointed when they did not hear what they most needed. We are thankful for the thousands who have been told in hut and camp and dug-out, and on ships at sea, how they may be ready to meet God face to face and live.

What will the American churches give these boys who have been up the line and are coming back home T The French Protestant churches have been hard hit by the war. Many church buildings have been destroyed or damaged. A distinguished army chaplain in the French forces to)d me that the moral tone of the soldiers had been lowered, while a Protestant pastor set forth with great fulness the need of fundamental Bible teaching in France. The encroachments of a Germanized theology long ago began their undermining work among the Fren~h theological students and the results now appear in the lack of spiritual vitality in many churches. This Protestant pastor urged for France a type of Bible Institute where fundamental Bible truth is taught, such as is found in various parts of America, and where the simple principles of Christian work are made the foundation for training in. church activities. French Protestantism needs much material help in the reconstruction of its church

WAR AND RELIGION OVER THERE . Z91

edifices, an,d in strengthening the hands of the courageous evangelical leaders in planning strong evangelistic and Bible study movements throughout the field. It is a glorious testimony to the missionary spirit of these French churches that their offerings for missions have suffered but very little during the war,-only a sixth or seventh less than the pre-war income,-in spite of the fact that so many of the parishes have been impoverished or destroyed. The evangelical pastors constitute a brave band of workers, serving in the midst of much indifference, and with only about a half-million adherents in a population of some forty-five millions. I was assured that the number of French Protestants in important posts of government service is much larger than the disproportionate size of the evangelical denominations would lead one to expect.

Two thousand American soldiers were on the ship on which I returned to America. Nearly a third were sick and wounded, limping about the decks on crutches, or lying helpless in steerage bunks. They were nevertheless a cheerful, brave crowd, and responsive to the straight Truth! Are we going to modify our Gospel, to suit what is reponed to be their desire for a message, or a church, different from the Scriptural standard T That will mean their disappointment if we do, and our lost opportunity. American churches will make a great mistake if they suppose that these returning boys want trivialities. They have been in dark places, and want light and good cheer, but they need and they welcome the glowing realities of the GospeL While the "Cedric" was swinging westward in a following wind and sea in mid-Atlantic I talked with boy after boy, in the forward hospital, stowed away in rough bunks in tiers of three, in dimlylighted quarters, with their cheery faces and maimed bodies. Leaning down in the semi-darkness I asked one lad if he had a copy of the New Testament. His eyes brightened, "Yes, sir, I have," he replied. "I brought it from home with me, and I read it clear through twice in the hospital." Others gladly received Testaments.

One tall smiling boy on crutches in answer to a question responded eagerly, "Yes Sir, I am a Christian, I started out from home that way, and I've remained that way, too!"

It means something to remain so, after the fierce testings of every sort through which these boys have passed.

I have yet to meet one man who has been at· the front who claims that the soldiers there are in sympathy with the preaching of salvation by their own blood, as a substitute for the blood of Christ. No church in England or France or America that is aware of the true needs of these men, will run saps and plant mines under the truths which form the ve-ry foundation and strongholds of the Church, but each must do all that may be done to make sure that these are held inviolate.

BY MRS. B. C.CRONK, RICHMOND

Chairman of the Committee on Methods of' Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign IMission Boards THE ART OF SECURING AN AUDIENCE THE tragedy of the empty pew is how to inject into an invitation ever with us. There is no ab- which makes people want to go. sent treatment which avails for the Whatever the former is let us people who were not there. There- avoid it. Whatever the latter is let fore, as much responsibility rests on us acquire it. Verily, the art of the announcer and the notice-writer those whose duty it is to get the and the invitation-extended is no people to the meeting as on the mean art, but one that sadly lacks speakers who are to deliver to them cultivation. There are many volthe message. . umes published on how to speak ef- fectively, but few publications are A turnkey job in a mIssionary there on how to announce and invite meeting includes not only a good effectively, yet of what. use is a program, but also a good attend- speaker's eloquence if hearers are ance. Given a program that is lacking? worth while, the next step is to let people know about it by such effec- tive notices, announcements and in- The Personal Invitation vitations as will put an end to the tragedy of the empty pew. . No amount of general pUblicity One day I attended two morning and printer's ink can take the place meetings, at both of which an invita- of the individual invitation to in- tion to an afternoon meeting was dividuals. The Master's Kingdom given. As the first speaker made had its beginnings in personal invita- his announcement and extended his tions. One man found another and invitation I was conscious of a told him about the Messiah and weary, conscience-stricken feeling brought him to Jesus. The Samari- that I ought to go and of a martyr tan woman went back from the resolve to do my duty at any cost. meeting at the well into the city When the second speaker made his with a personal story about what announcement and extended his in- she herself had seen and heard, and vitation a wave· of regret swept over a personal invitation to others to me that I had already promised my- "Come, see." One of the best of all self to accept that other invitation, ways of increasing attendance at for here, indeed, was a meeting missionary meetings is for those worth while which I eagerly longed present to go out to enlist others to attend. Suddenly I realized that by personal invitation. At one meet- the two invitations were to the same ing only two persons were present.

meeting and I vaguely wondered why They did not postpone or adjourn.

there are people in the world who They met. When the meeting was issue invitations in such a way that over each went out to tell what a nothing save a stern sense of duty good meeting they had had and to could possibly induce the recipients invite more people to join them at thereof to accept them and, also, the next meeting. Before many what the indefinable something is months those meetings regularly had which some people seem to know a large attendance.

Z92

BEST METHODS

Living Tickets of Admission someone of the importance of attend- ing a meeting? Set for him the per- The "Bring One" plan is good. A suading of some one else. Ask every personal invitation to the May meet- member to phone three or four other ing given by each one who attended members, or possible members, from the April meeting means a double lists that have been carefully and attendance for May and a quad- tactfully and unnoticeably dis- rupled attendance for June. Try the tributed. plan of requiring "Living Tickets" at some meeting-the ticket which Three Methods Fill an Auditorium will admit each member being someone who is not a member. At a Several thousand people were asmeeting for men and boys make the sembled in an auditorium recently ticket which will admit a man, a in a meeting held under the auspices boy. Increase the attendance of a of the Laymen's Missionary Move- "Fathers and Sons" meeting by re- ment. quiring every father to have a son of his own, or a son borrowed for "How did you get such an atthe occasion, with him, and every tendance?" inquired some one who son to present at the door a father, had been to many meetings charreal or adopted. Similar ticket regu- acterized by fine addresses and lations for a meeting for women and empty pews. girls, or mothers and daughters, may induce a lively search for accredited "Humanly speaking," answered the tickets. secretary, "by three things. First, an announcement of the meeting In planning regular meetings, go sent -to every pastor in the city ::;ver the list of people whose attend- to be given from his pulpit. Seconcj, ance might be secured and divide the a paid advertisement inserted three names between members who will times in the city papers. Third, invite them most successfully. As- skillful publicity in the news colsign to each member at least one umns of these papers. We had a person whom she is to invite person- good story of the local committee ally to the meeting. which planned the meeting with an advance announcement several weeks Remember that the telephone is a before the date. Then, for about a registered missionary tool. Give to week, we had something every day various members a telephone "Call- which the papers counted "live ing List." Recently an important stuff"-pictures of the speakers; committee meeting of men was stories of their work, with a keen called. The chairman knew that human interest; reports of the sucevery man on the committee was cess of meetings in other cities along literally swamped with work and their way as they were coming to calls for more work, and that he us." simply could not persuade them that they could take time to attend that Unquestionably, one of the best committee meeting. So, he phoned notice-givers and invitation-extenders each man on the committee and in- is the daily press, and a good sign of stead of urging him to be present the times is the number of missionhe assigned to him the task of call- ary meetings one sees announced ing up three other men and convinc- in the papers. In addition to the ing them they must be present. Re- simple notices which should appear sult: each man in phoning his three in the Coming Events Calendar, or brought conviction to himself, and in its equivalent in the daily or weekly the busiest of war days that entire papers, it is well worth while to committee of bankers, business and provide special announcements of professional men walked in without special features cleverly written. Get one absentee. Would you persuade hold of writers who know how to prepare the copy for such stories,

so that the papers will print them eluding committee meetings and and the people will read them. meetings of sub-committees, from Recently a city editor hurriedly the pulpit. A once-in-a-while an- scanned with growing surprise the nouncement may gain emphasis if it story of a missionary meeting is not crowded into such a succession handed him for publication. of announcements that none of them "Publish it ?" he said in answer attract attention.

to the query of the minister who Here are some first aid sugges- handed it to him, "Well, I should tions which may relieve the pastor say so. We are used to paying of some of the long strings of things for the privilege of publishing that to be announced, and which may class of stuff." also make a more lasting impres- There was nothing sensational or sion than a vetbal announcement: overdrawn about it. Only some big Notices printed in the weekly facts skillfully presented. church bulletins.

That meeting was well attended Special cards of invitation to and the lives of many people were special meetings handed to the out- influenced by the great addresses of going congregation by the ushers.

the speakers of whom many of the Posters announcing special events people would not have known had it flung in the vestibule, church parlors, not been for this good bit of public- and other assembly rooms.

ity. UNUSUAL MEETINGS On the other hand, another meet- One day the young daughter of ing was held at which there was a preacher scanned with some disbut a handful of people. The news- favor the stereotyped announcement paper announcement was less than in her father's chu~ch bulletin, "On six lines, although there were .inter- Thursday at 3 :30 the usual meeting esting facts enough to have furnished of the Missionary Society." Then material for a full column in the she bravely dared to change the anhands of a writer of even small skill. nouncement to read: Often an interview with a missionary speaker can be arranged for a "On Thursday at 3 :30 the unusual reporter, which will arouse interest meeting of the Missionary Society," and give general information, for which the public has an unrecog- Ever since that day Margaret Apnized need. Recently a leading daily plegarth has been planning unusual gave nearly two columns to a mis- meetings and enlisting the unenlisted, sionary's interpretation of conditions interesting the uninterested, and in the Near East because of good teaching missionary lessons in an unpUblicity work behind the meetings usually fascinating way.

In this "Pod of Ps" she gives us at which he was to speak. some of her secrets.

We sometimes have in missionary Shelling a Pod of Missionary "P"s! meetings what the papers would call By MARGAR£T T. ApPL£GARTH a "scoop," and no one hears a word about it. If we rightly appreciated the psy- "Once a Preacher-Now a Bulletin chology of Paper, Pasteboard, Board" Paint, Paste, Posters, Postals, Save your Pastor from such a Fate Printed notices, Poetry and Pleasure, our missionary meetings would be There are so many notices handed better attended! The trouble is that to pastors that no wonder some so few of us ever travel through the preachers feel that they ire degener- pod to the last P, which actually ating into mere bulletin boards. ought to come first. The question Let us not expect our pastors to in our societies is: who will make announce every coming ~vent. in- the posters and postals?

BEST

" ~ APRI L In APTLL t~eTe ll1a~ be a ~"o"'t..,.., ].-1; ~et you-r urn b..-ella and ,-om. for a~ ~ ow,!..

"Not I!" says Miss WorksaUday j The eight other Ps are simpler. "Nor I I" says Mrs. I'mallthumbs j In buying paper or pasteboard choose "Nor I!" sighs Mrs. Babytakesallmy- lively colors rather than white, and time ; "Nor I!" giggles Miss Gads- right here let me offer an invaluabouttoteasandthings j "Surely not able suggestion: Did you know that I I" gasps Mrs. Makestheprograms- every year your church printer gives go; etc., etc. Nobody regards the to the ragman barrel after barrel of enterprise as pleasurable, and yet paper ends-de1ectahle colors in long invitations can be considered in the narrow strips, just the thing for wee same light as "fancy work," for in- invitations? A word to the wise! stance: something to be picked up Pasteboard for posters is inexpenin odd moments when there is "just sive-S or 10 cents a sheet, one sheet time to finish five more little cards" j being large enough to make at least they are no harder than tatting or two posters. Here again, colors atcrocheting, and exhibit infinitely tract the eye much sooner than palmore individuality. lid white. Curiously enough, paste is not nearly as much of a sticker to Try tucking a batch of colored pa- the poster-maker, as paint! Yet a pers, a pattern, a pair of scissors and little touch of color adds enora paint box into an attractive work- mously, and a little verse of jingle bag when you start to an afternoon poetry completes the effect. sewing party. Everyone will be agog with curiositv: "What are those Here are two suggestions for getcunning things? Party favors"? "What? Missionary invitations-oh, ting the posters made: get a Junior my dear, surely not, why, they're or Intermediate Sunday-school class charming!" "You must have a won- to adopt your society! At one of derful society, tell us about it!" "I their social events, which are oiten have some extra scissors, why can't such a problem for the teacher to 1 help cut some out?" "1 used to "pull off," divide the class into as love to paint, and 1 see you have two many group~ as you have posterless brushes-" (four or five, if you are meetings, and let each group be rewise!) and the pleasure end of your sponsible for the making, exhibitin~, pod of ps is shelled! and distribution of posters and inVI- tations on its specified month.

Rivalry can be maintained by each of the chairs but one! Tiny paper group keeping a record of the at- hymn-books pasted from hand to tendance < at "its" meeting, your so- hand of near neighbors adds an al- luring touch. The couplet is printed ciety giving a special party to the beneath the chairs. winners at the end of the year. This will do double duty, by training 3. When a special country is to be up a band of capable poster-makers! studied a train of toy cars can be But the same plan may be adapted tied to the lower edge of a poster, to the members of your own so- with billows of gray smoke belching ciety, all of whom should < be in- from the tiny engine. In the trail of smoke the printed words should apvited to a mysterious social: pear: "All aboard for Mexico!" (or whatever the land may be.) Date "'A study in Colors: by your leave, and place should be added, with the Will interest you Friday, we believe! names of the conductor, motorman Your fountain pen should be on hand, and guide. And a pair of scissors will be in de- 5. Individual invitations to a mand." meeting on Mexico may be small sombrero-shaped pieces of light On the eventful evening divide brown cardboard, with a red band people into groups, each group re- painted around the crown. On the sponsible for posters and invitations back: for their month. A clever idea is to have a large cardboard pale:tte "This little sombrero invites you to go (with the colors separate dishes of With us next Friday to Mexico." candy) in the center of which is 6. A poster for a meeting on the printed: American Indians may be a green background with some cone-shaped "Little drops of water, little dallbs of tepees, cut from light brown card- board, pasted in a row across the paint top, with footprints leading to one Make a poster int'resting to sinner and tepee. Below: footprints pointing toward a wig,,""{m are an invitation to saintl ' saying COME to our Indian Pow- Little deeds of handing invitations say- wow." If the meeting is to be held at a private home, the number of the ing 'Come' house may be put on the tepee flap. These tepee flaps may be painted in Make missionary meetinl!"s like a bee- gay reds, blues, yellows and greens, with black outlines to make them hive hum! show to advantage.

Whenever discouragement is in 7. Individual invitations to an Inevidence, the palette and its contents, dian meeting may be smaller tepees, plus the hopeful jingle, may enliven made by folding a piece of oblong tan cardbord tent fashion. the artists! Here are some practical sugges- . Touches of color on the flaps add to the attractiveness. If this is a tions easily carried out: Junior society the foHowing invita- 1. On a colored invitation card a tion may be written inside the tepee: picture of an empty chair should be pasted, or drawn, with this couplet beneath: "If you aren't there There'll be a vacant chair."

on (Date) …………………… .

(PIlICe) ………………….. .

2. The same couplet can be amusingly worked out for a poster, by tying a row of tiny toy chairs ( 10 cents a set at ten cent stores) across the top of a poster. Hatted ladies may be cut from a colored page of a fashion magazine, bent in the proper places, and pasted on all

l3EST

"Indian Pow Wow' 10. When Immigration is the pro- "Each squaw and each brave is requested gram subject it may be re-named: "God's Melting Pot," and 'the poster to walk show a large black pot with a cir- To our Pow wow next Friday to hear cular handle overhead, and tripod legs. Above the pot appears the some big talk." title; below, the words: For an older society this may be "Aren't y-ou curious to know what adapted to suit circumstances. We're going to cook in this black pot?"

8. For a meeting on American on Negroes in the cotton belt this poster (Date) …………………..•• on "Cottontails and other Tales" will (Place) ……………….•..•• be alluring: A gray rabbit (with a cute tail of cotton batting pasted in 11. A meeting on Africa may be the proper place) to head a yellow called "The Black Question Mark," a poster; under the rabbit, the couplet: poster for which should show a large black silhouette map of Africa, with "Brer Rabbit and Molly Cottontail the title above the map; below: Hope to meet you without fail" on "You surely can see that this land so dark (Dau) …………………… . Resembles a gigantic question ma,.k; (Place) …………………..• It's like to an ea,.-Iistening-sad- Waiting to hear some message glad." 9. If a program on the Highlanders is called "Our National Shut-Ins," 12. A program on Korea may be then try having a shoe-box attrac- called "A Bone of Contention," retively wrapped up, with the neatest ferring to her geographical position side turned outward, bearing the title and its historical outcome. Use and the words: good-sized pictures of two dogs ("His Master's Voice !") each eyeing "Shut in this box is a national sight a bone dangling between them. This Which on Friday we hope to bring to may be a real bone, or one cut from cardboard, tan-colored. In either light." case print "Korea" on it, and label one dog "China," the other "Japan." When "Friday" arrives the box Above the dogs print the title: "A should be opened and the contents Bone of Contention," underneath: discussed: home-made candles, homemade soap, home-spun cloth, home- "On Friday 'twill be shown smoked ham, pictures of Abraham Which doggie got the bone I" Lincoln, log cabins, beautiful mountains, mountaineer people, etc.

13. For Medical Missions, try a blue poster with a picture of a Red Cross nurse holding a real glass homeopathic pill bottle, full of candy pills, in each hand-tied on, of course. Each bottle should bear a label, one prescription reading: "For the Orient;" the other: "For the qc- cident." The couplet below the pic- ture states: 'lilI "She holds the pills For human ills." ,If, 4 J'IU"~l tnt. Let's jI:l'ct~e.J"1'l"ul:'iln.s' follow her career ., intti,r,riallu'fJC~af'( "Over There." (Date) •.•..•••••••••••••••••••• IIllmfiill.r·IIt-thl[;ll1l:HU (Place) ………………….•• ;,rflu-d?,."lo 14. For individual invitations to a t:r:l'~d,,saJldhJII}.ttv~$til'l!

medical missionary meeting it is FIGURE ~. simple to use little oblongs of colored paper folded into homeopathic pow- "Maid-of-all-work," with chapters ders. Before folding write the invi- re-titled : (1) "Home-maid," (2) tation inside. "Ready-maid," (3) "Custom-maid" (4) "Hand-maid," (5) "Maid-of- 15. A meeting on Japan may be honor" and (6) "School-maid." attractively announced by cutting Both poster and invitations for three pieces of differently colored "Home-maid" used the Chinese cardboard into lantern shapt';s. Paint house of figure 4, with the jingle: the supposedly lacquer parts in black, and divide the quaint title "Jap-o- Lantern" into its three parts, printing one part on each lantern, in type as Japanesy as possible! Each lantern should also bear a few details as to date, place and other particulars.

16. A meeting on China suggests FI ~URl= :, so many designs one hardly knows where to begin or stop! Houses, Maid-of-all Work is a little Home Maid, pagodas and people offer very allur- (Although she would faint if her wages ing shapes, both for posters and invitations. Little colored lanterns, were paid); with a string through the black lac- You'll find her quite quaint and exquer, may be used as invitation tags, ceedingly dear, and be looped to buttons in Sunday- If you'll come here next Friday to welschool. A program· on the people of China might be called: "Chinese come her here. Tails and Other Tales" (see figure 3 for poster design to be used on yel- (Date) …………………..•. low cardboard. Or try a row of fig- (Place) ..•……..•.••••….••• ures, each a different color.) A program on Chinese customs might be called: "Won't You Come Into My Parlor ?" See figure 4, showing a poster of a house cut from red cardboard, with a green doorway bearing the invitation. The roof is left red, the house part painted black.) 17. A set of six programs on this year's study book "Women Workers of the Orient" has been re-named

1919J BEST

18. The fourth program, "Hand- School-Maid is our brigbtest maid, maid," used for a poster two brown To whom great compliments are paid. cardboard hands (outlined from real She knows Geography, Arithmetic, Boob, hands) mounted on green cardboard, She even knows queer curves and books, and as invitations, brown card- Greek to us. but clear to her, board hands, with the jingle: This clever little Foreigner.

Ten small fingers has each Hand-Maid (Datil) ………………….. .. To carve her future unafraid I (Place) …………………. .. Although her job is still so new, She's doing quite as well as you. 20. A clever girl's poster for a Rally shows sunbonnet babies of (Date) ………………….. .. graded sizes wending their way to- (Place) ………………….. . ward a church, with the couplet: 19. For the sixth program, "School "Big girls, and Little girls, girls of Every Maid," the poster showed a sweet girl graduate carrying a diploma. size, (For this, any girl in white with the Come to our Rally if you are wise I" two sides of her dress painted black, and a black triangle on her head, is • Note: Before cuttinl' out lantern llouse or successfully camouflaged into a grad- doll shape. from good eardboard, it io wil. to uate !) The dipolma was a white experiment with a newspaper pattern firat. Tr,. scroll of narrow paper tied to her folding the newapaper, and ,tartinl1 IrQ'" tl" 100iJ dress with a bow of baby ribbon. For invitations, the diplomas alone draw half of til. objeet. Cut thu oul. and were used. This was the jingle used: when the fold is unfolded-behold a well·hal.need pattern!

• Other rlaluabl. "'1111""0'" fo, ifWi,.t'DnI and posters msy be .sectlrttl from ·'JliuiofIJWY Hp/;:r;.. .' .. t; 'l.'; Helps for J.."ior Lead"," by Margar" Appl.- 11M '" and Nelli. Pres<ott, I>tIblill…J M .., :r.~ ff::!o:~t!;tdb~-:.'·'t~n:, ::~' Miss Leavis and those 0"' Ihe Home Munon test ~:!'; 1j;~~1:::' ~~6 T;i"f°':t",,%:/' 'lJ:'Y/..":.

FASCINATING INVITATIONS Could anyone resist this fascinating invitation prepared by Miss Grace Walker, of the Women's Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian church, for a meeting in Montclair, N. J.? A swift intuition comes to the fortunate recipient that the clever originality which produced the· invitation will produce also an illuminating program.

Miss Board of Foreign Missions is feeling very lad For she knows you have a ~evance, and it'. really pretty bad. She has lived so iong among you And has never thought, you see, That you really weren't acquainted With your Mission Family Tree I SO You're invited to a party, On Thursday next, at four; And tickets of admission Will be asked for at the door. Each guest please write a question That she thmks she wants to know. Miss Board of Foreign Missions will endeavor then to show How really interestinf. just a plain old Board can be. After which we'll all 'forget it" Wihile we have a cup of tea. Now "Tea", of course, does rhyme best But honestly, my dear, It stands for Christmas plum cake And other liquid cheer. Please make Miss Missions bappy For she's nervous as can be Lest you count her party "boreaome" And decline her cup of tea.

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARM:¢R, Montclair, N. J.

Representative of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FEDERATION Monday, January 13th, at 2:30 p. m. and Tuesday, January 14th, at 10 a. m.

THE Annual Meeting of the Fed- sity of a broader outlook and a eration was attended by more greatly emphasized effort to reach than one hundred delegates and vis- "the Other Women" who have itors, rep res en t ing twenty-one never known the joy of this Christ- Boards. From the opening de- given service-perhaps because we votional service led by the President have hidden the Christ in our or- until the close of the Prayer Service ganization detail and have gone too on Tuesday the interest was well much "on our own way."

sustained. The "Preparedness" program No one who heard the splendid re- presented on Tuesday morning in- ports given on Monday need ask cluded a valuable discussion on "The what place the Federation will take Demobilizing Woman," opened by in the Foreign Mission enterprise. Miss Alice M. Davison; a paper by The value of specialized committees' Miss O. H. Lawrence of the Re- work-on Summer Schools-on Stu- formed Church in America, on "The dent Work-on Methods–and Inter- Home Church Woman"; a discussion denominational Institutions was of "The Professional Woman," in- plainly shown, while our star com- troduced by Mrs. Helen Barrett mittees-on Christian Literature for Montgomery; another on "Individual Women and Children in Mission Gifts," by Mrs. J. Sumner Stone, of Fields and on United Study of For- the Methodist Episcopal church; on eign Missions-gave us a glimpse into "Publicity" by Mrs. Henry W. Pea- a wonderful future of constantly in- body of the Women's Baptist For- creasing usefulness. The full re- eign Mission Society and a discus- port of these committees will be sion of "Finance" by various dele- printed as usual, and it would be gates. The prayer service was led advisable for every Board to send in by Mrs. Robert E. Speer.

orders at onc!! to Miss Leavis as the By following the New Program supply will be strictly limited to the suggested by Mrs. Peabody in a demand. Rainbow Campaign for Recruits we Please note the names and ad- will have an opportunity to reach the dresses of the new Officers and Professional' Women, the Doctors, Chairman: Teachers, Nurses and Welfare work- ers. This is an outline of t)1e plan: SeMcraedtaisryo,n AMviesnsue,VNer.noYn. CHityal.liday, 25 These women who would be so valu- Treasurer, Mrs. ]. C. Henley, 2137 Park able in the Mission fields' and on our Boards, are to be invited to a Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.

Chairman of Committee on Interdenom- supper-(Local Committee to find Patronesses who will give five doli1n5a2t0ionSaplruIcnes tSi tturet ieot,n sP- Mhilrasd. elWphmia., Boyd, lars for five suppers.) At the sup- Pa.

THE PR:¢PAR:¢DNESS CONF:¢R:¢NC:¢ per an appeal will be made by a was inspiring enough to make any missionary or Board Representa- shirker in the missionary cause feel tive on "The Call of the World To- unhappy-while it directed the atten- day" Six four-minute women will tion of Board women to the neces- answer the questions-Who? Why?

300 When? Where? How? Where- schools, local federations and sociewithal? (Six leaflets in rainbow envelope, price five cents, Miss Leavis ties show that the Program has been or Boards). valuable in setting forth the sub- A Recruiting Officer will present the call of the King and will display j ect. As a nominal price was a set of posters and pledge cards. The guests are asked to take home charged the cost has been little. It the souvenir envelope containing the leaflets and to sign at least one of seemed wise not to attempt to set a the pledges which should be read and explained. (Posters, fifty cents a set, date when Christian Literature Day Miss Leavis or Boards). would be simultaneously observed, Mrs. Peabody said in closing- "Now, after the roar and crash of but to ask that the Boards recomwar, after the blood and tears, God's Bow of Promise, His Everlasting mend to their constituencies that Covenant' may span all seas. We women may help to make the rain- this Program be placed at such a bow, for surely our covenant with Him is not to be a scrap of paper. time in the calendar of the local Our moment in the world's history has come. Are we prepared? If society as would insure the best not, then we are unworthy to be leaders of Boards and Societies, un- attention. We urge that further use worthy of our great Divine Leader. be made of the Program in 1919. It 'The tumult and the shrieking dies, The Captains and the Kings depart; may be obtained from Miss M. H.

Still stands thine ancient sacrifice, Leavis, West Medford, Mass., at A broken and a contrite heart. five cents each or $3.00 per hundred. Lord God of Hosts be with us yet, Lest we forget, Lest we forget.' In June the "Dollar Drive" was " 'And ye shall receive power after initiated to reach women and girls that the Holy Ghost has come upon you and ye shall be my witnesses unto in the summer schools and elsethe uttermost parts of the earth.' where, with a request for a dollar "The time of witnessing is here." each for the Book Fund of the LOUISE CHAMBERS KNOX, Committee, i. e., for the translation Secretary, pro tem. and publication of various small LITERATURE FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN books which have been suggested, Report of the Committee on Christian or to provide larger editions of 'Literature for the Women and Chil- dren in the Mission Fields books already prepared like, ·"The – CCORDING to the request of Sky Pilot," "Golden Windows," etc. A the Federation at its annual The little folder for this drive, meeting last January, a Program for Christian Literature Day in "Books for our Allies in the Orient," March was prepared in which Mrs. A. F. Schauffler, Mrs. Peabody and with its coupon attached, has been Miss Butler gave material assistance. Of an edition of 5,000, about circulated at various meetings with 3,000 have been distributed, through the agency of the Committee on good results, though we still need Publications. Report from summer additional gifts for this fund.

The plan to hold a circuit of public meetings early last fall was sadly interfered with by the epi- demic of influenza. In Pittsburgh, through the kindly cooperation of Mrs. Mary Clokey Porter, Mrs.

Crouse and others, Miss Flora L.

Robinson of India was given an opportunity in September to present the matter and to distribute liter- ature at the annual meeting of the Allegheny Missionary Union. In December Miss Clementina Butler spoke on Christian Literature at an interdenominational meeting in Cleveland, Ohio. .

October 31 a meeting was held in Boston, when the Committee had the pleasure of welcoming Mrs. Don- ald MacGillivray of Shanghai, editor

of Happy Childhood, and of hearing for Christian Literature for All also Dr. Patton and Mrs. Peabody. India, and now we urge that the At this time an appeal for money Boards especially interested in India to publish an illustrated "Life of contribute for this new work and Christ" for Chinese children met call the attention of their mission- with instant response,-a generous aries to its inception. Baptist friend giving the whole amount needed-$2S0.00. Mrs. Mac- Literature for China Gillivray is already at work upon this book which will mean so much Another tremendous enterprise to the children of China, as no beckons on your Committee to an other story of Christ's life, suitable enlarged field of usefulness in China. for little folks, is in existence. Some have already learned from In Philadelphia, the Chairman of Rev. E. C. Lobenstine, secretary the Committee waS enabled through Miss Lodge to arrange for a pro- of the China Continuation Comgram on January 10, in connection mittee, concerning the revolution in with the Day of Prayer. Other the written language in China, made meetings will be held in the Spring, possible by the adoption by the if found practicable, and the Com- Government of that country of a mittee is gratified to be able to re- phonetic system whereby 39 characport the large measure of interest ters are used instead of thousands, which results from even a small a plan which revolutionizes :!ll degree of publicity. The paragraph teaching, and opens an immeasurin the MISSIONARY RF;VIF;W for De- able vista of opportunity to those cember in regard to the "Dollar w.ho are trying to supply good read- Drive" brought response from all ing. There is a very definite propoover the country, every letter show- sition before the American Section ing a deep interest in this cause. of the Christian Literature .Com- mittee, asking for immediate and A Magazine for Indian Girls practical backing. It is estimated that there are approximately 7,000 A plan for· a magazine for Indian preaching places in China where girls and young married women. there are Christian teachers, and projected for some time, seems that if the United Church of Christ likely to be realized during the in China should shoulder this great coming year. The Committee has scheme and set about teaching this given $500.00 for its initiation in system to its teachers and col- Lucknow under the direction of porteurs, in an incredibly short Miss Flora Robinson and her 'sister, time there would be a "reading Ruth. It is designed for the stu- republic" in China, hitherto undents who go back to homes barren dreamed of by the wildest enthusiof all good literature and therefore ast. It has been demonstrated by will be published in English. It one busy doctor who used the plan will be placed at the disposal of the in his hospital, that absolutely ignorvarious mission Boards, with the ant adults can be taught to read hope that they may select the ma- in less that a month by this Aladterial best adapted for their own use, din-like method. translate it into the vernacular used in their districts, and republish it A very modest budget has been on mission presses,-the multiplicity submitted by the Christian Literaof dialects making it out of the ques- ture Council of China to the Ameri- can Section of the Literature Comtion to supply such magaz!nes. in mittee, who have in turn, asked the Woman's Committee to raise its the many .vernaculars. Thl;> new share of the. funds ne€ded. to proventure of .the Committee has the videa simplified literature for the sanction.. of· :the .-Natlon:if Coul'l'eil wem.en anil childi-en of China' under

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

this new system. The sum asked Friends' Clubhouse. Dr. Everett of us is $2,000 (Mex.), $1,000 in of the Medical School presided. The four-minute women included gold. Dr. Potter of the Medical School, The Woman's Committee has been successful in small ways, but Miss Rachel Lowry, Miss Panin the new world order has not coast and others. Philadelphia is the time come to make broader continuing with a series of Rainplans and to enter immediately into bow meetings. possession of new territory? The letter to the Woman's Board sent Washington, D C., held a Rainout last February asking that the bow meeting January 27th, and amount allowed the Committee be with more time secured an attendincreased in 1918, met with imme- ance of three hundred. Mrs. Mcdiate response from the Northern Baptist Board which doubled its Dowell, Mrs. Radcliffe, Miss Burgift of $100.00, with a promise of rell and Mrs. McGrew were delight- securing $500.00 for this Committee ful as four-minute women. Mrs. if the other Boards would follow. Wm. A. Montgomery presented the So far, we are not able to report a "Call of the World Today." Mrs. single Board which has met this Henry W. Peabody acted as recruitchallenge, although some of the ing officer, speaking on "The Call of smaller Boards have materially in- the King" and presented post- ers and dedication cards. Voluncreased their contribution. teers have followed and pledges of money as well as lives are coming in to the Boards.

NOTE: It should be here stated that . DeLand, Florida, held the next Rainbow meeeting. in the lovely the W. F. M. S. of the Methodist home of Mrs. Theodore Page. Episcopal Church supports Miss Laura Among the invited guests was a large group of college girls. One White of Shanghai, whose time is wholly result was the formation of four study classes to be led by the Dean given to publication and translation of the College and Mrs. Page. work, and that they will release also Chicago, with wonderful enterthe Misses Robinson for part time in prise and the fine organization of connection with the new magazine for the Middle West, responded to the call of Mrs. Steele, President of Indian students. the Federation, and gathered a Generous individuals are responding group of two hundred and fifty pro- fesssional women on February 21. to the appeal, but we need a more Plans are under way to place the definite and bigger policy. How can posters and leaflets in hospitals and we reach the constituency of the Woo colleges. Instead of the four-minute man's Boards with a call which shall talks, brief addresses were given by Dr. Tucker of China, Miss be commensurate with the need, and which shaH command attention? Laughlin of New York, and Mrs.

We are servants of the Federation and shall be glad to accept any suggestion for a move forward into the "great land to be possessed."

The Treasurer's report shows plainly that unless we can depend upOn in- creased gifts from the Boards, we shall not be able to meet the demands upon us.

ALICE M. KYLE, Chairman.

THE RAINBOW CAMPAIGN Silverthorne of Chicago. In Pittsburgh on Saturday even- The Campaign for Recruits, ap- ing, February 22, were two hundred proved by the Federation January and fifty professional women at a 14th, began in Philadelphia on Jan- dinner in the beautiful Y. W. C. A.

uary 23. Posters and Rainbow leaf- building. Among the four-minute lets were still in the printer's hand, women were Mrs. Campbell, Mrs.

but proofs were shown and the Isaacs and Miss Kinear. Mrs. Mary .

program given as planned. Two Clokey Porter, Chairman of the hundred invited guests ,tp.et in.. the….Rai!129.~.C.oPlmittee….of. Forty… had

planned also a great mass meeting work in cooperation with the Fed- for Sunday afternoon. One of the eral Council of the Churches.

leading physicians of Pittsburgh has The greatest innovation will be presented her resignation to the hos- that now the Alliance will attempt pital where she is serving and will to organize local Alliances in every sail for China in September. The community throughout America.

Committee of Forty will plan at In most communities there is no once for at least ten more Rainbow organization which interests itself meetings in Western Pennsylvania. primarily in international relation- Buffalo held the sixth Rainbow ships.

meeting on February 25, excelling These are critical days now that aU· in numbers. Forty patronesses the war has been won. There has provided a cafeteria supper for five been a decided decrease in idealism.

hundred young women who were We need to rally all the forces of personally invited. Inspiring music our churches and communities in and addresses brought enthusiastic support of the President and the response. best thinking groups of the Nation, Worcester, Massachusetts, plans who are determined that out of this for Rainbow meeting number seven· bloody struggle, so successfully ter- and Boston is to follow on March minated, there shall be a new world 7th with the eighth. order based on righteousness and All the meetings thus far have justice. Without such a consum- been far beyond expectations. Many mation there can be no peace in the young women are inquiring about world. Our opportunity puts a foreign mission service and we may serious responsibility upon our expect decisions. The work of local shoulders.

Committees is worthy of highest Mr. Hamilton Holt, Dr. Frederick praise. Lynch and Dr. Sidney L. Gulick Posters, Plans and Rainbow leaf- have been sent to Paris, and when lets are on sale at all Women's they return they will have a great Boards of Foreign Missions-uHelp message. Miss Eva Ryerson Lud- Make the Rainbow." gate has just sailed for Europe, TO MEMBERS OF THE WORLD wihere she will make a special study ALLIANCE of the church conditions. Upon her return she will give a large portion The Trustees of the World Alli- of her time to the interests of our ance announce the change of loca- organization.

tion of the office from 105 East TWo study outlines on a League 22nd Street to 70 Fifth Avenue. A of Nations are now ready. Either complete reorganization has been of these will be furnished at the decided upon, but as heretofore the nominal rate of fifty cents for twelve World Alliance will continue to copies.

Shall we withdraw our army of missionaries from the field or shall we send reinforcements? Shall we practice a more severe economy and straiten our army's equipment for service or shall we practice a more glorious self·sacrifice and make its equipment more efficient? Shall we exalt and glorify our Saviour, or shall we follow Him to be put in the shade? Shall we endure hardness as good soldiers of Christ, or shall we take to the fields of indulgence and allow the cross of the living God to be outshone by the army of the world? Which shall it be?

-Dr. I. H. lowett.

FROMMANY1ANDS

INDIA AND BURMA prayer and thought on this question.

Two Views of Home Rnle The conclusion reached by both'

OPPOSITION to Home Ru1e in groups was that a first-class residen- India seems to come from two sources-first the Moslems and next tial High School should be provided, the lower caste Hindus. A Moslem paper published in Calcutta remarks: with a staff of teachers who, by the "A few of our Mohammedan simplicity and earnestness of their brothers say: 'If India gets selfgovernment, then we shall not be fellowship, should demonstrate the able to cope with the Hindus.' ideal of brotherhood. After spend- "When we ask why, the invariable reply is, 'The Hindus are more num- ing much time and thought upon erous than we are, they are better educated, and ,they are certainly the problem, the Commission apmore prosperous financially. We must never forget that these people pointed by the Conference drew up a are the same Hindus that banished the Buddhists from India, and those scheme for the School, of which the Buddhists were their own kith and kin. The first chance they get they following are some of the points: will do exactly the same with us, for they bear a grudge against us, as The School shall he mainly for w.e Moslems ruled over them for six centuries.''' Christian boarders. But a small pro- The argument of the lower caste portion of non-Christians who are Hindus is- summarized thus: willing to accept the mode of life "The Pariahs of Madras assembled in convocation say: 'The Brah- of the Christian boys and a' few mins, ,who have kept us-the Untouchables-mercilessly under their day scholars, Christian or non-Chrisheel for ages, are not likely to be less tyrannical if the Hindus come tian, can be admitted. No class shall into power. That we certainly do not want, and so we prefer British have more than 30 boys. rule for generations to come.''' Religious instruction will he non- (lhrIstian Higb 'SchOOl for South India denominational; but nothing shall AT ,the Bangalore' Conference of May, 1917, the fact was brought be done to disturb the boy's loyalty out that if Christianity is to affect the modern currents of social to the Church to which he belongs. and national reconstruction there should be given the youth of the 'The scheme is launched as one land a more thoroughly Christian, and therefore a more thoroughly which wil! supply a long wfeilltl need national education. While the Com- and which, when realized, be a mission appointed by this' Conference was pushing its investigations, proud achievement. a young missionary was enlisting friends, Indian and European, for The Christian, Patriot.

Women of the Jungle THE Gond woman, bel0llging to an aboriginal tribe in the jungle of Central India, is short, strong, and darker than her Hindu sister, but like her in her fondness' for jew- elry. Not being able to wear the most unusual in quality, she does the best she can as to quantity, so that a party of Gond women walking together; wearing countless pounds of glass, pewter and iron, sound like a chain gang.

Gond WOlnen have accepted the general estimate of their mental capacity, and when approached~y the rnissiQnaty will •usually say; "How can we understand? We ate only ,cattle." But when the GOMS become Christian, theY'atevery 305

thoroughly in earnest, and show that superstitious village people, with so they have latent power. Mayo was just an average child little reverence for their gods and so little fear of their power that they from the jungle, but one day when would smear mud over the faces of she was visiting an old priest she the- gods in order to force them to picked up a mud idol, left there by answer a prayer." This is an illuma madman. The priest told her that inating example of the illogical whoever took the idol would go vagueness in the Hindu's concepmad because of the evil spirit that tion of his gods. had possessed the man, but Mayo Episcopal Recorder. said, "Then I shall take it away, for I am not afraid of any evil spirit." Home Missions in Burma This may seem insignificant, but for such a girl as Mayo it was nothing A KACHIN Christian is pleased short of revolutionary. when a heathen becomes a Chris- tian, but it does not occur to him Hindu Gods as Ra1n Makers to make any effort to bring about ONE reads of many strange meth- such a result. And as for making ods of producing rain, but here any sacrifice for such an end, or is one which is most unusual. It contributing, that is no business of is related by Rev. H. G. Hastings his; that is the work of the mission- of Lalitpur, India. ary and the paid evangelists. That "I was on a visit to our out-sta- is their natural disposition, it is the tion at Mahroni, and had occasion inertia that has to be overcome.

to stop over during the heat of the But foundation work is· beginning day at the government rest house or to show results. Last year a society Dak Bungalow. While there, I no- was organized with the aim of send- ticed on a mound under a tree sev- ing Christian young men into new eral stone idols with flowers hung localities during vacation to open in wreaths around their necks, and small schools, teaching the children their faces smeared over with mud, by day and preaching .by night.

and eviCilences that some of the Many villages have plead for schools Hindu people from the nearby vil- and the volunteer teachers are full lage had been there having puja of enthusiasm over their work, ask- (worship) under the sacred neem ing to be allowed to continue this tree. I asked one of our native year. The Christians have been di- preachers what it all meant, and he vided into prayer bands, so that said the village people had been there every Christian is a member of a praying for rain and that the people band, and every non-Christian is on thought the idols would make it rain a prayer list.

so the rain would wash the mud off their faces. Imagine a god that was SIAM AND MALAYSIA so weak as to let a man smear mud Siam's New National Flag I over his face, and too powerless to T is certain that the King of Siam walk one hundred yards to a river had no intention of putting reto wash his own face, yet powerful ligion into the new national flag, but enough to make rain come that it it is also certain that in the old flag might wash his face clean. Then, the white elephant in the center rep- again, imagine a god who had power resented Buddhism, for the people to sena rain, and would let a great revered the white elephant on ac- number of. people suffer for the lack count of the belief that Buddha once of. rain, but would cause it to come appeared on the earth in that form.

for so small and selfish a reason as At first the King intended that the wanting his own face washed. Then, new flag should contain only the again, imagine a crowd of simple, red and white stripes, but through

NEWS F1WM MANY LANDS

American influence (not missionary) thoughts of our young men to re- the blue stripe was added. ligion. The youths of the Buddhist Blue is the Presbyterian color, faith have grown worldly beyond be- and the Presbyterian Church is es- lief and never come to the temple tablished throughout the length and to pray. So we intend to build a breadth of Siam. The blue stripe magnificent pagoda, a thing of in the flag may well stand not only beauty and inspiration which they for the Christianity of the home land can not escape. Whenever their eyes but for Siam as well; the Christian- rest upon it their thoughts will turn ity which in the "New Era" is des- in spite of themselves to the gods.

tined to take the place of the Bud- But it will be only through the gra- dhism of the "Old." cious benevolence of our friends and Presbyterwn Bulletin. visitors that we shall be able to do this."

Growth of Bangkok Christian College Buddhism has taken fright at THE enrollment in Bangkok Chris- the success of Christianity and is tian College has steadily grown adopting the guise of its methods in until now it is 348, which is an in- the hope of holding loyal a restless crease of more than 50 per cent since generation.

May, 1917. One half of this number are boarders and all the dormi- CHINA tory space is occupied. Even the Phonetic Language Study in China teachers gave up their room and THE N ankit~~ Language .School is moved out on the veranda. now recelvmg over sIxty new Not only has this been the best missionaries each year, giving them year in the enrollment of the college, a year of thorough foundation work but it has been one of the best in on the language and sending them spiritual growth. There are 13 in out from there into their scattered the graduating class, over half of fields of labor from Shantung to Fu- whom are Christians, and five of kien and from Shanghai to Chang- them have decided to give their lives sha. In place of the former method, for special Christian work. There which the early missionaries were are 20 in the second class, half of forced to use, of sitting with a sleepy whom are Christians. The next two old Chinese scholar, repeating after classes number 32 and 47, and each him long and intricate sentences has a good proportion of professing from the Chinese classics, students in Christians. In the lower grades the language school have the advan- there are a few, but most of the tage of the best phonetic methods of boys in these classes are too young language study and a corps of to make a definite and final decision .trained teachers, as well as the stim- which involves so much as it does ulus of school life and competition in this country. One boy in the with other young people.

sixth grade has been completely dis- The head professor is Mr. Gia, owned by his relatives since he be- who, true to the Chinese tempera- came a Christian. ment, was with great difficulty per- The White Elephant.. suaded that the phonetic method was Neutral1zer tor CbrIsttan Missions superior to the old Chinese method of language study. To win him to VISITORS to Penang, Straits Set- Christ was even a harder task. tlements, are importuned to For years the missionaries prayed make contributions to a new pagoda. and labored, but while he received Imitation is the sincerest form of everyone kindly, argument and flattery, and there is a familiar ring prayer seemed alike unavailing. His in the Buddhist solicitor's plea: sudden conversion last year was like . "We are trying· to turn the the case of Paul, and having once

committed himself, he has set out to give him regular lessons in Western win for Christ every one of his methods and ideas. forty teachers, most of whom are not Christians. The Missionary Herald.

The Continent. A Chinese Student's Testimony Y. W. C. A. Opportunities In ChIna A CHINESE Y. M. C. A. student secretary tells of an "i tsik" DAUGHTERS of Chinese officials (miracle) which happened at a meet- and of the "literati" form ing of the Student Association in the Class of girls taught by Young Hongkong: Women's Christian Association secretaries to become future lead- "Instead of inviting an outsider ers. In the eyes of the Govern- to speak they appointed four or five ment, the reliable girl is the Chris- of their own members to give fivetian Chinese girl, and the demand minute addresses, but discovered for Association training grows by there were fifteen minutes left. The leaps and bounds. Government and chairman announced that as there Mission Schools beg for teachers of was time- he would give to any physical education. They need ten present, whether members or not, times as many as are available. an opportunity to speak on how stu- Fout Chinese cities are asking for dents could better themselves mor- American Y. W. C. A. secretaries, ally. A non-Christian boy of about. and seventeen Chinese secretaries are seventeen years got up and said that already at work. Membership in the he thought the most important thing Chinese Association numbers 3889, was fidelity not only to one's earthly and the proportion of native support father, but to our Heavenly Father of the Y. W. C. A. is from one- as well. Then another, also a nonthird to one-half. Christian, about twenty-one years old, said that these meetings had The "Heart Washing" S.ociety helped him to lead a better life. The thing that impressed him the most AMONG the many means em- was the devotional prayers of the ployed by the energetic governor members at the meetings. He had of the province of Shansi, in his at- not investigated Christianity very tempt to promote a higher type of thoroughly as yet, but he saw no manhood, is the Heart-Washing So- solution to the problems of China ciety. It might very properly be in any other way except through called an Ethical Culture Society. Jesus Christ." By his strict orders, this society is to be promoted by the magistrate of That a government sch.ool student each county; and in Fenchow, should speak of Christianity in this which is the county seat for a large way was indeed a miracle. section of country, meetings are held every Sunday in the Confucian tem- Foreign Mail. ple of the Prefecture, and every family and every shop is forced to Tbe Work:lng Boys In ShanghaJ send its representative, i. e., one ONE of the first things to be done after the establishment of a member, to hear the lecture there junior division of the Y. M. C. A. given. These lectures are presided m Shanghai was to make a survey of over by the magistrate himself, who working boys. The first result of often gives the lecture. this survey was to organize a school for poor boys. After two attempts The governor is known to all the had failed. a third made under the foreigners in Tai Yuan, the capital leadership of Mr. S. S. Zung proved of Shansi Province, as distinctly a notable success. The teachers are progressive. He has asked a member volunteers, the course includes readof the English Baptist Mission to ing and writing Chinese characters,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

arithmetic and the use of the abacus, grims. People who have vowed to spoken English, play, Bible class, visit the temple to return thanks for religious meetings and weekly socials. healing, each carry a small stool, and In two years the school has grown from 30 to 130 boys, who 'are a at intervals along the way kneel on it, bowing towards the temple. In grat.eful and loyal group. front of each shrine is a large Medicine and ChrIstIanity money-box, into which each person THE old world order in China put throws a gift. N:one would think of the practice of med~cine in the worshipping without doing this, relowest room, but the Gospel entered minding one of the command laid on and now, after a hundred years, the art of healing takes a prominent Israel, that none should appear beplace. From the influence of medical missionaries has come the Med- fore the Lord empty. There are rich and poor, soldiers ical School Movement, which has most notably found expression in and police, pickpockets and beggars, North China in the Union Medical not all pilgrims, for some are mere Schools of Peking, Tsinan and sightseers, glad to idle away the Mukden, the "YaH Medical School time. Sd many of the women have at Changsha, carried on by the Yale small feet that barrow men are much Mission, the Union Medical College in. demand. Peddlers and toy stalls in Chengtu, Sz-chuan and the Wo- line the temple entry and the wistmen's Medical Colleges at Canton ful-eyed Chinese children make one and Peking. The influence which realize' that "one touch of nature these schools are destined to exert in makes the whole world kin." the spread and confirmation of the Gospel in China, strikes one with The follower of Christ is in evigrateful wonder. It means the cre- dence too. It is the custom to reni: ation in the next two decades of a a house at the foot of the temple great body of native medical prac- hill, an awning is erected and a hostitioners, fully educated in Western pitable cup of tea is ready for all medicine and surgery, the decided guests. The preachers preach themmajority of them active members of selves hoarse and many stop to he;lr the Christian Church. the message, often pleading to hear more allout the way to salvation. The dominant factor ·in Medical Education in China today is the JAPAN-OHOSEN China Medical Board of the Rockefeller Foundation, which is now Tbe Christian Ohurcb in Korea erecting a $6,000,000 plant in Peking and is closely affiliated with the Mis- THE Presbyterian Church of Kosions. rea has undertaken to carry on mission work outside the bounds of Preaching to PUgr1ms Korea, not only among their coun- trymen but among the Chinese in ONE of the most fruitful features the Province of Shantung, China. of evangelistic effort in China Last year they voted a budget of is that carried on during the annual $3,000 (6000 yen) for this work festivals, of which the Chinese cele- and in their annual report they add brate so many, and when pilgrims the following: come from far and near. Rev. James S. Orr of Kiangsu tells in "The prayers of two hundred China's Millions for February of the thousand Christians behind these customs in vogue and some of the men, (i. e., their missionaries) possibilities found among the pil- should make them powerful in doing their small. portion towards the evan- gelization of China."

According to last year's statistics, there were in Korea connected with the "Federal Council" (M. E.

Church, North and South; Presby- women and girls. The Tokyo As- terian Church, U. S. A., North and sociation is emphasizing, for the South; Canadian and Australian immediate future, work in one of Presbyterian) 208,436 Christians, of its large suburbs, Oji, which has whom 86,186 were members in full more than 12,000 women in its fac- communion. There were, besides, tories, work among girls living at about 10,000 Christians belonging to home or boarding, and welfare work three other bodies, and 5,000 belong- including day nurseries and visiting ing to the Episcopal Church. nurses.

Contributions from Protestant Christians in Korea last year Is Japan Aiding Morphia Trade? CORRESPONDENT in The A amounted to $178,487. This is a North China H eraId asserts that generous sum when we consider the general poverty of the people and the Japanese Government secretly their uniformly low wages. fosters the morphia trade in China; The principle of self-support that the traffic has the support of among the churches in Korea was the Bank of Japan and that the Jap- strictly applied from the beginning anese Postal Service aids the impor- of the work, and is generally ad- tation. Says this writer: hered to at present, though some "No inspection of parcels in the Methodist churches have begun to Japanese post offices in China is per- depart from that principle, especially mitted to the Chinese Customs Ser- along the line of Christian educa- vice.· The service is only allowed tion, which is at present one of the to know what are the alleged con- greatest and most difficult problems tents of the postal packages, as stated for the Church in Korea. in the Japanese invoices. A conser- The Christian Intelligencer. vative estimate would place the amount of morphia imported by the Japanese Women in Industry Japanese into China in the course of THIRTY-FIVE years ago there a year as high as eighteen tons, and were 125 factories in Japan; to- there is evidence that the amount is day there are 20,000. If it were not steadily increasing. for the women these factories could "In South China morphia is sold by Chinese peddlers, each of whom not exist. Within the factory compounds carries a passport certifying that he dormitories are erected and girls is a native of the Island of Formosa living there are practically prisoners. and therefore entitled to Japanese Two factory holidays are allowed a protection. Japanese drug stores month, but in most cases the girls throughout China carry large stocks cannot leave the factory grounds. of morphia. Japanese medicine ven- Recreation is unknown except where dors look to morphia for their largwelfare workers have been permit- est profits. Wherever Japanese are predominant there the trade flourted to go in and teach games. At the beginning of industrial wel~ ishes."

fare work, the Y. W. C. A. had in Japan fourteen American secretaries MOSLEM LANDS and six thoroughly trained Japanese Gentile and Jew in Palestine H secretaries, and in addition twenty ERBERT ADAMS GIBBONS, in an article in the January Cen- Japanese workers as travelers' aids, matrons of dormitories, and assist- tury on "Zionism and World Peace"

ants in domestic science and physi- points out that "as opposed to 100,- cal culture classes. 000 in the Jewish communities (of By the opening of work in Osaka, Palestine) there are 630,000 in the Kobe and Kyoto, its opportunity has non-Jewish communities, of whom been increased by about a million 550,000 form a solid Arabic-speaking

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Moslem block, in racial and religious the Palestine people will soon be sympathy wi,th the neighboring shipping their farm stuff to a good Arabs of Syria, Mesopotamia, market. The English are building Arabia and Egypt." reservoirs on the heights around the Holy City, so that the surrounding French influence in Syria dates country can be irrigated in the dry back to the time of the Crusades, season. The city of Alexandria. and the exclusion of French interests loaned its engineer to Jerusalem to from Palestine, he thinks, would en- arrange for sanitary and other redanger Anglo-French sympathy in a lief measures. Such are a few of degree not compensated for by the the benefits following the British ocadvantages of a British-controlled cupation. railway from the Mediterranean at Haifa to the Euphrates and the Per- "Carrying On" in the Holy City sian Gulf at Busrah. AT the beginning of 1915, the But the pressing danger. is that of Bible Society's depot in Jerusaawakening the fanaticism of the lem was hurriedly closed, but in Arabs, who take their religion far February of the same year an elderly more seriously than do the Turks. gentleman, Mr. Whelan by name-ali Under Moslem law Christians are American subject of Irish originonly permitted to live on sufferance. who had been residing in Jerusalem Jerusalem is a sacred city of the for some few years, resolved to take Moslems. The encouragement of possession of the depot and face the Jewish immigration in order to over- situation. Fixing his bed behind the ride the Moslem majority would, Mr. counter, he lived there as proprietor. Gibbons believes, endanger the lives For thirty-four months Mr. Whelan of Christians in other Moslem coun- held on bravely against many diffitries. culties and hardships. until relief The Congregationalist and Advance. came. About 30,000 volumes, in some 50 languages. had been safely Achievements in Pa.1estIne preserved in this depot at Jerusalem. All the copies in English were quick- MUCH has already been done in ly bought up by British soldiers. the way of reconstruction in Palestine. Orphanages have been es- While the Turks were in possestablished for both mental and indus- sion, they ordered the gold lettering trial training. on the entrance door of the Depot, "B. F. B. S." to be broken out. Mr. A day nursery is doing excellent Whelan then painted the same letwork for the children and releasing tering on a cardboard, which he the mothers who are among the 600 tacked over the glass until the Turks women at work sewing for the Brit- had been driven out. ish Army. The Red Cross is giving especial attention to the health and The Committee of the Society are sanitation problem. Much danger making plans and preparations to was feared from the hosts of refu- erect a new Bible depot in Jerusalem gees who flocked there from beyond which shall be worthy of its object. the Jordan. The Turks and Germans cut down the "blessed" olive The Bible in the World. trees for fuel for the railroads, and the inhabitants looked on with "IFCairQ. a Strategic Center streaming eyes and fainting hearts. Mecca is the religious center of The British Army is already setting Mohammedanism, and Constantiout forests in the wastes, and plant- nople is–or was-the political cening trees in streets and towns all ter, Cairo is undoubtedly their literover Palestine. Many eucalyptus ary and educational center," says Dr. trees ar~ to be planted to purify the Samuel M. Zwemer. In Cairo is air. On the new railway to Egypt the great Moslem University, E!

izhar, with 11,000 students, a An important step toward mak- sj:ronghold of Moslem conservatism. ing these people self-s~pporting was Here, also, is the new and radical the opening of an irrigation canal on Egyptian University, with 270 stu- January 10, some seventy 1Jliles north dents, founded by advocates of the of Bagdad. Water can thus be ri~w and progressive Islam. Mos- supplied to irrigate 300,000 acres, lems schools of law, of medicine, en- and make possible t.he cultivation of gineering schools, agricultural. insti- land as far as the vicinity of Bag- ttttions, schools of commerce, of fine dad. The opening ceremony was ar;ts, schools for girls and schools for held in the presence of many Arab boys bring the total student popula- land-owners, who were impressed tion up to 40,000. All these schools with this striking evidence of the are abreast of the times, well good in~entions of the British. The equipped with libraries and labora- increase in wealth to the land thus tories, but wholly Godless, making irrigated will certainly be consid- no. provision for religious, or even erable, and the increased production ethical training. The schools, car- of food will be of great importance.

ried on by the United Presbyterian and other missions, are the most im- AFRICA portant Christian influence. Assiout In1Iue~za aIUong the Africans T College, the great Christian institu- HE influenza scourge has been very severe in many parts of tipn, has an enrollment of more than eight hundred students, and a body Africa. In East Africa it was found of graduates who have become lead- that many of the native students had ers throughout Egypt, Abyssinia and acquired sufficient training to enable the Sudan. There are also the mis- them to take charge of small hos- sion schools for girls at Cairo, Luxor pitals which were established in and Assiont, with an enrollment of schools and churches, and thus lives 1200. were saved in every village. The re- sult of this work was most apparent Ir:rJ.gation Canal 101" Mesopotamia upon the character of these volun- ONE of the problems which must teers, who developed a new spirit of be considered at the Peace Con- helpfulness and self-reliance. feren~e is the future destiny of the Rev. Cyril S. Green writes from people of Armenia and Syria, many Nkangal, Cape Colony, that this tp.oul3ands of whom took refuge with time of great distress gave the mis- t4e' British Army while that Army sionaries opportunity to come in was still at grips with the Turk. Ac- touch with all classes of people.

wrding to a report issued in London Scores of deaths were caused direcenUy the British refugee camp at rectly by ~he superstitious fancies of Baqubas, thirty-three miles from the heathen. They were sure that if Bagdad, is: caring for 45,000 people they remained long in their huts the of the Armenian and Syrian races. snakes would find them out, so they This qlmp was hastily laid out, and lay outside in the cold, with a tem- in three weeks' time refugees were perature of 103°. Most of the Chris- being taken in at the rate of 1,000 a tians recoveted, for they. were will- day. To provide clothing and food ing to adopt the measures prescribed for them when so much transport for them by the government and mis- waS needed for military operations sionaries.

along the ,Tigris was a great 'lchieve- mellt, and today the camp is organ- "AgaJnst the Book"

T ized as efficiently as many of our HE country around Kabari, on the slopes of Mt. Kenia, is beau- W~stern towns, with water supply, sanitation and well-equipped hospi- tiful, but the people are not. Dis- tals. ease, dirt and heathenish customs

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

have worked sad havoc among them. promised the Lord sixty cents if he At present" with the exception of the got a deer. Early in the week he few baptized Christians and readers shot a small one, but it got away.

whom seven years' work has gath- Later he shot a large one and it es- ered, the ,whole population concen- caped. Friday, long before daylight, trates its intelligence, as to the wo- he arose and prayed about his deer, men, on the work of obtaining food then taking his gun set out on his for themselves and their families, last hunt. He had not gone far until and as to the men, in the intervals , he saw a whole herd, the size of of looking after their flocks, on pala- cow:s. Singling one out he fired.

vers or gossiping. The deer was only wounded and the The lad described in the following boy had to spend his last remain- incident gives hope of the cleansing ing shells, but still his game refused which will take place when Chris- to die. His faith was so strong that tianity becomes more widespread. the Lord had heard his prayer that This African boy had been fined a he caught the animal by the horns goat for refusing to take part in a and quickly cut its throat. Before local ceremony by providing beer for seven o'clock he arrived, breathless, the occasion. "It is against the at the mission saying, "I will not Book" was his steadfast reply when thank the Lord with sixty cents. I his case was referred to the District will giv¢ Him a dollar."

Commissioner. When some 011e sug- When the offering was COUnted on gested that adherents of the Mission Sunday morning the villagers were pay a sum of money in lieu of pro- wild with joy,' for it amounted to viding the beer, the lad stoutly main- $63.95. When the boys and girls tained that no Christian should have saw what they could do they said: anything to do with such a cere- "We will give an offering every mony, and not one-sixth of a penny month. We want to support a sta- would he ever pay in connection tion of our own."

with it.

The order went forth that adher- NORTH AMERICA ents of the mission should hence- Community Spirit Put to Work T forth not be required to take part in HIRTY-FIVE thousand persons reading the same passage of any ceremony they considered objectionable. Scripture on the same day, offering C. M. S. Gleaner. the same prayer, cherishing the same ideals and then exemplifying them Giving to Home MisSions in West AfrJca in daily life and business-has not T HE pastor at Quiongua, West this great possibilities? This is wha~ Africa, recently took occasion to enterprising Christian leaders in preach on tithing and reminded Connecticut have been able to bring his people of a new work just started about in less than two months for home missions. He asked them through ,the: community betterment to promise nothing, but to pray and plan sponsored by the New Haven think about it, and to bring their of- Women's Church Union and the Pas- fering the following Sunday. There tor's Union of that city. The domi- were over one hundred school chil- nant idea is to capitalize community dren in the congregation who had spirit evoked by the war in the in- nothing to give and no way of earn- terests of personal spiritual life and ing money, so work was planned a better public order. To accomplish which they might do for pay during these commendable results, those the noon hour and after schoo!. back of the movement realize that Never was work more eagerly done. the fountains of spirituality must be One boy, skillful as a hunter, spent kept full through daily contact with his spare time out with his gun. He the Bible and the unseen world. So

instead of leaving the average man mittee is fully constituted it will be or wvman t9 his own devices, defin- represented in all the great centers ite material is provided through a of the country and the committee series of community betterment members in each center will call to booklets. Each contains an interest- their assistance other men and wo- ing list of daily Bible readings, one men in order that the organization, or two quotations, several prayers instruction and enlistment may be and memory verses for the children extended into every parish and mis- from week to week. sion of the Church.

The Congregationalist and Advance.

Training Negro Citizens in Georgia Enemies ot the Lord's Day N important school for Negroes A BILL has been introduced into A the Legislature of Pennsylvania cently come under the supervision of at Fort Valley, Georgia, has re- calling for the repeal of the Sabbath the Protestant Episcopal Church.

laws of the state. Fearing the very This is an industrial high school extremeness of this bill, Representa- which seeks to do for the million or tive William F. Rorke introduced an more· Negroes in Georgia what sim- amendment legalizing moving picture ilar institutions are doing in other shows and concerts on the Sabbath. States. There is at present an en- An editorial in the Philadelphia Pub- rollment of 600 students, two hun- lic Ledger supports the amendment. dred of whom live in the dormi- The arguments which are ad- tories, the others coming from the vanced in favor of this Sabbath surrounding country; a property of desecration are briefly: "It is pro- ninety acres and a plant valued at gressive and constructive. If movies $60,000. Each student receives in- and concerts are educational on struction in some useful trade, assur- weekdays, they ought to be profitable ing him the opportunity of develop- on the Sabbath. The concerts and ing into a helpful, contented citizen movies would change the day from of the State.

drab to brightness." The representa- tives of the Lord's Day Alliance are Moslems in the United States I hard at work at the legislature, and N the narrow valley, chiseled out they should have full support. of the mountains of Pennsylvania . New York has long had a law by the Conemaugh River, there is a against theatricals, movies, etc., at group of Mohammedans employed in which admission is charged, but it a coke plant and ruled over by a has been disregarded. Now attempts strange triumvirate: Hassan Taro- are being made to pass bills legaliz- manovic, the Son of Allah, armed ing these and commercial baseball. alike with his priestly Koran and his The Presbyterian. American dinner pail; Omar, who New National Oommfttee tor Protestant presides over the pool room, hazy' Episcopal Oharch with cigarette smoke and the mingled odors of black coffee and THE Board of Missions, the Gen- pink liquor, and Harry, the "Boss." eral Board of Religious Educa- For twelve years these workers, who tion and the Commission on Social are considered "hand-picked fruit,"

Service of the Protestant Episcopal because no church holidays interfere Church, have appointed a national with the regularity of their shifts, committee, composed of men and have enjoyed community life, with- women from all parts of the Church, out Sunday-school, church, library, to care for the details of providing playground or even "movies." They the budget, thus leaving the Boards have all but forgotten the appointed free to do the special work for which hours for prayer, and could scarcely they were created. When the com- point in the direction of Mecca.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Hassan, their religious leader, is a below the birth rate and the Indian stately figure with his fez, but his has ceased to be a "vanishing race."

parishioners call upon him only for Under the five-year program of burials and weddings-their faith the Methodist Centenary $128,450 has deteriorated into a hazy mem- will be used to provide more mis- ory. Surely here is fertile ground sionaries speaking the Indian lan- for the missionary enterprise! guages, to train more Indian preach- New Mormon Chnrch in New York ers, to establish more Sunday- schools and to appoint women work- THE Brooklyn Chapel of the ers to take Christianity to the wo- Church of Jesus Christ of Lat- men and children, who are even ter Day Saints is the first Mormon more neglected than the "braves."

church building in the State of New Christian Advocate.

York. Senator Reed Smoot of Utah, a Chinese Set an Example T member of the Quorum of Twelve WO Chinese brothers, who opened a laundry in Paducah, Apostles of the church, offered the dedicatory prayer and was the prin- Kentucky, became interested in cipal speaker at the dedication service Christianity, and after a time were on Sunday, February 16. The received as members of the First chapel seats 350 persons. Senator Presbyterian Church. For three Smoot confined himself to religious years they were not only regular topics. attendants, but liberal contributors Walter P. Monson, President of to the Church's activities and lost the Eastern States Mission and head no opportunity of witnessing to their of the Brooklyn Chapel, announced faith. Then they decided to return that through the work of his asso- to China, and before leaving handed ciate missionaries there are now the pastor an envelope containing more than 250 members in the their subscription for the remainder Brooklyn congregation, and that of the year, and asked for their there are at present in New York church letter in order to be re- State seven congregations with ceived into the Church in China.

more than 750 members. He said Here is an example for wandering that the members of the church in American church members!

this State look upon the erection of the Brooklyn Chapel as a milestone LATIN AMERICA in the path of the growth of Mor- Exchange or Territory in Mexflco monism in the East. THE American Board of Commis- sioners for Foreign Missions and New Plans tor the "Vanishing Indians" the Southern Methodist Board have SIXTY per cent of the American agreed upon plans for rearrange- Indians are still non-Christian, ment of work and workers in Mex- while only half of those who have ico. By this change, the American been converted are Protestants; 260, Board will withdraw from the state 193 of the 335,998 Indians in. the of Chihuahua and occupy the West continental United States can neither side of Mexico, including the read nor write, and only one-third provinces of Sonora and Sinaloa.

of the entire Indian popUlation can There are many problems involved speak English. Furthermore, ills in this re-assignment, and the resulting from unsanitary conditions American Board has recently sent a and utter lack of personal hygiene deputation to Mexico to confer with have ravaged almost every tribe. missionaries and native pastors with Recently, after these matters were reference to the policies and plans given special attention by various which shall be undertaken.

agencies, the death rate has fallen Congregationalist and Advance.

T"A Social Worker in Cuba key. The men who are to take HE task of bringing civic im- part must live in seclusion for a provement to Union de Reyes, time, then drink enough liquor to Cuba, has been given to Rev. Julio insure their being in reckless mood: Fuentes, the only evangelical pastor A circle is formed by the dancers in this railroad town of 9,000 souls. who wear a head gear made of ani- Asked by the town authorities to be- mal skins and frightful masks, which come a member of the municipal has to be lifted constantly to let a civic committee and to clean up the little air in, and the spectators stand town, an unprecedented thing in the outside. The master of ceremonies history of Presbyterian mission work, calls a masked fellow into the ring he is doing splendid social work and lets the snake slide out of the with meager equipment in a building pitcher down his neck. Then he ex- loaned by a wealthy woman. Any ecutes a wierd dance, while all the social work done in the city must others grunt, shriek and rattle be done by him. gourds. When the snake glides The Continent. from the man's trouser leg he is ex- cused and another is called to repeat Leprosy in Latin America the performance.

NOT every one knows that lep- From such a setting came one of rosy is very prevalent in some the most faithful Christians in the of the States in South America. Santa Maria congregation-once a It is said that many cases may be witch doctor. Not being able to found in Colombia, and lepers are read, he listens intently to the read- p.umerous in Brazil and the Argen- ing of the Bible, then commits to tine. The Mission to Lepers has al- memory the portions read. These ready established work in Dutch he puts into the Indian language and Guiana and has been anxious to preaches to his former followers, do more, but the difficulties in the and it is due to his ceaseless effort way have made It impossible. The that two new preaching centers have Protestant missionary bodies have been formed. Here is proof posi- been comparatively so few and so tive of what these people can do far apart that there has hitherto when the cloud of superstition is seemed to be no definite opening for lifted.

organized effort. A letter has been Guatemala News.

received from a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church asking Selling Bibles in "Little Venice"

L for a grant of $100, to enable him AKE Maracaibo, Venezuela, is more than 100 miles long and to employ an evangelist to work in a colony of lepers near one of the from 50 to 70 miles wide. Because large cities in the Argentine. the villages along its shores were Without the Camp. built on raised platforms, standing indian Snake Dancing out over the water, and the inhabi- tants traveled about in canoes, the AFRICA' is not the only "dark early Spanish discoverers named the continent," and nothing that one country Venezuela, or "Little Ven- finds there could be more revolting ice." Last year a colporteur of the and horrible than the snake dances Bible Society, Jose Siciliani, who is among the Indians of Guatemala. a Brazilian of Italian descent, found As the time for one" of these snake his way to this region with a supply festivals approaches witch doctors of Gospels. At first the Bibles "went are sent to the mountains to cap- like hot cakes," and then the word ture a snake to be trained for its was passed around that these books part in the ceremony by beillg kept were "Protestant" and immediately in a pitcher that has contained whis- Colporteur Jose found himself up

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

against the. wall of supelPtition. buco obtained possession of a human Jose rented a small dugout, with a skeleton which he succeeded in petman to paddle him and his books suadinz the people was that of a perfrom house to house. He often had son formerly known in that region, to face most disheartening circum- St. Severino. He had the skeleton stances, lack of food, dangers from covered with leather and stuffed, and tropical storms and disease, and set it up in the church as an object everywhere the unfriendliness of the of worship, the church being located islanders. On one occasion as Jose on a farm which he owned in the approached, the natives beat on tin outskirts of the city. St. Severino cans. with pieces of iron, as is their proved to be a miracle worker, custom during an invasion of locusts. whose benefits were in proportion to However, in spite of all this ignor- the value of the votive offerings ance, superstition and adversity dur- made at his shrine. On the income ing a stay of six months, Jose suc- derived from this source the Perceeded in distributing more than nambuco lawyer was able to aban- 3000 copies of the Scriptures. Who don both his law practice and his can say how far this influence may farming operations and to maintain reach? a handsome home in the suburbs."

Brazil's Need EUROPE DR. S. H. CHESTER, in The Re- Help for Friendless Women gions Beyond, gives sufficient reason for Protestant Christian mis- THE London Female Preventive sionary effort in Brazil, and other and Reformatory Institute, Latin American lands. Dr. Chester says that the priesthood is an expla- founded in 1857, is evangelical and nation of all the corruption, degradation and superstition one finds in interdenominational. Sixty years those countries. The relation of ago it was housed in small quarters, many of the priests to the people is similar to that of the Buddhist with accommodations for only sixpriesthood in China and Japan. They are considered indispensable in con- teen inmates. It has grown rapidly nection with certain functions and occasions. They must be on hand to until at present it has 177 volunteer perform the marriage ceremony for those who are able to afford that workers and its activities comprise: luxury, to administer extreme unction to the dying, to bury the dead, Five Homes for 162 inmates resto give absolution to those whose consciences trouble them on account cued from surroundings dangerous cif their crimes, and for a consideration to secure the release of to morality, or from vice. souls from purgatory. Apart from these official functions, the people A Probationary Home for the have little use for them, and they are the most disreputable element temporary reception of applicants. in the communities in which they reside. An Open-All-Night Refuge for Among other illustrations of the the succour of young women and pass to which so-called religion has come in Brazil, Dr. Chester relates girls found homeless in the streets the following incident: at night. "A lawyer in the city of Pernam- Some idea. of the extent of .the work undertaken may be had from the following figures: 45,616 cases have been admitted to the Homes.

1,715 religious services, etc., were conducted in the Homes last year.

2,964 nights' lodgings were given at the Open-aIl-Night Refuge during 1917.

2,492 midnight and other meetings have been held since 1859, attended by 127,391 young women and girl., thousands of whom have been res- cued. The Christian.

Prayer for RuBBla Huguenots. In spite of the havoc THE Archbishops of York and of war they now maintain seven mis- Canterbury sent out a bulletin to sion stations, mostly in Africa. all the Anglican clergy asking that A Protestant Chaplain in the prayers, both private and public, be French Army, Pastor Daniel COllve, offered for the Russian Church on who spent nine years as a mission- February 23, and the following ary in the Congo, is now presenting prayer was recommended: their cause in America. Through "0 God our Refuge and Strength, their Committee of Union for France who art a very present help in and Belgium the churches he repre- trouble; have mercy, we beseech sents are one body.

Thee, upon the Russian Church in Marshal Joffre, himself a Protes- her hour of need. Deliver her by tant, is especially interested in the Thy most mighty protection from plans for rebuilding and re-manning the dangers that beset her, and these churches. Recently he said: grant her people rest; through Jesus "The need is especially great in Christ our Lord. Amen." the devastated regions. Soon the This is said to be the first time people will return to their demol- in the history of the Anglican ished homes to start life over again.

Church that prayers have been The shock at what they will find will asked for another communion. be very great. They will· need not A Medical Missions Exhibit merely material assistance. 'Moral help will be required, for there is THE idea of holding a great medi- bound to be a tendency to let down cal Missionary E:xhibition in morally in the face of so great loss London has met with hearty ap- and destruction."

proval, and has promise of the co- The E:xecutive Committee of the operation of all the British mission- American Presbyterian Church has ary agencies centering in London. recently voted $500,000 for the re- The definite aim of the exhibition lief of French Protestant churches.

will be not only to serve the best This "hands-across-the-sea move- interests of this department of mis- ment" will give impetus to the plan sionary work" but also to secure for for a League of Churches to the missionary enterprise the sup- strengthen the work of the League port and life service of some of of Nations.

those physicians, surgeons and nurses who have been doing such OBITUARY NOTES magnificent work throughout the Dr. A. F. Schauftlel', of New York O course of the war. The exhibitionN Tuesday, February 19th, the will open June 23, 1919, and con- . Rev. Adolph Frederick Schauf- tinue for some weeks. fier, D. D., died of heart disease at Protestant Neighbors in Frrulce his home in New York city. This brought to a close a long and useful AMONG the loyal defenders of service on earth. His life goes on, France and of freedom were and while Dr. Schauffler rests from many Protestants. Native-born pas- his labors, his works follow with tors or students for the ministry to him.

the number of one hundred gave their Seventy-four years ago he was lives in the great cause. One hun- born in Constantinople, Turkey, dred and fifty sons of French pas- where his father, Dr. William G.

tors or missionaries made a like Schauffler, was a distinguiShed mis- sacrifice. These men, and the sol- sionary scholar of the American diers from among the laymen, rep· Board. The son returned to America resented nearly 500,000 French for his education and Was graduated Protestants, the successors of the from Williams College in 1867, and

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

from Andover Theological Semin- twenty-five years. He was a memary in 1870. After pastorates in ber of the State Executive Com- Brookline, Mass., and New York mittee of the Michigan Sunday City he became supe"rintendent of School Association for about twenty the New York City Mission and years and held the offices in turn, of Tract Society. Here he rendered Secretary, Chairman and President. noble and far reaching service to For twenty-five years he was a memthe time of his death. He was ber of the Executive Committee of always keenly alive to every ques- the International Sunday School Astion relating to the Kingdom of sociation and held numerous offices, God and was a friend to everyone finally being president of the organin trouble. ization. Mr. Warren died in Three Oaks, Michigan on January 16, 1919 Dr. Schauffier was prominently and it will be impossible to fill his connected with Sunday-school work, place in the Sunday School world. was president of the N ew York City Sunday School Association and D. W. McWilliams of Brooklyn Treasurer of the State Association. He was a wonderful teacher of I N financial and business circles teachers, an earnest Bible student, Mr. Daniel Wilkins McWilliams and a firm believer in the inspira- of Brooklyn, New York, was known tion of the Scriptures. He was for as a banker and treasurer of the many years a member of the Inter- Manhattan Railway Co. In missionnational Sunday-school Lesson Com- ary circles he was better known as mittee. Dr. Schauffier also wrote founder of missions in Korea and a a number of valuable books for member of the Foreign Mission Sunday-school workers. His wife, Board of the Presbyterian Church Julia Baker Schauffier, has been al- and other religious organizations. He most equally prominent with her died on Tuesda.y, January 7, at his husband in Christian work. residence, 39 South Portland Avenue, Brooklyn in his eighty-second year. Edward Kirk Warren Mr. McWilliams was born in As a friend and promoter of Hamptonburg, N. Y., and at the age world-wide Sunday School work of 18 he entered the employ of the Mr. Edward K. Warren was better New York & Erie Railroad. After. known than as president of the devoting five years in the banking Featherbone Company. business with the Chemung Canal Bank at Elmira, N. Y., he was Sixty years of continuous activity elected Secretary and Treasurer of in one Sunday-school is a great rec- the Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw Railord in itself. In this school in Three road Company, in 1861, .here he re- Oaks, Michigan, Edward K. Warren mained for nearly six years. From was scholar, teacher, officer, superin- there he went to the banking house tendent and finally was superintend- of Henry Q. Marquand, becoming a ent for life. Mr. Warren began his partner in the firm. He became a relationship with the Sunday-school member of the Lafayette Avenue work at large when he attended Presbyterian Church in 1866 and was the International Convention in At- subsequently adeacon, an elder, and lanta in 1878. At once he brought Superintendent of the Sunday School. things to pass at home and organized He was alife-long frend of the evanthe Berrien County Sunday School gelist, Dwight L. Moody, and had Association, in Michigan, and since served as trustee and Treasurer of that time he attended every annual the Arthur T. Pierson Memorial county convention with the single Bible School of Seoul, Korea. Mr. exception of the one in 1916. He McWilliams was twice President of was secretary of that association for the Y. M. C. A. in Brooklyn. five years and president for about

MISSIONARY

Asia Minor, by Walter A. Hawley. Northern and Central part of the Maps and Illustrations. 8vo. $3.50 Continent brought most under Mos- net. John Lane Company, New lem influence. It is this part of York. 1918. Africa that presents the greatest problem. The author visited the This description of Asia Minor continent during 1910 to 1911 as sechas a double claim upon our inter- retary to Bishop Yartzell and gives est. First, it is a good book on a here some of the results of his subject of perpetual interest and, observations and studies. The book second, it is a timely discussion of a is not the work of an expert or an subject that has just now assumed authority, but is rather a popular special significance. Mr. Hawley presentation of collated facts and justly reminds us that in the Ho- opinions. henzollern dream of placing under the sway of a single power a Nigeria-the Unlmown. A Missionwedge of country cleaving Europe aryStudy Text Book pamphlet. and extending from the North 56 pp. 1 shilling net. Church and Baltic Seas to the Persian Missionary Society, London, 1918. Gulf, Asia Minor became of special importance because of its The Niger basin is a huge terricapability, under scientific cultiva- tory in tropical Africa, about 1000 tion, of largely supplementing the miles long by 500 miles wide. It agricultural products of the German is under British control, is largely Empire, and because it lies along Moslem, and the chief missionary the direct road to the fertile Meso- Society at work is the C. M. S. potamian valley. Accordingly, the It is almost unoccupied territory. Germans obtained from the Turkish but is extremely important to the Government several concessions, future of Africa. This little text and before the outbreak of the great book forms an excellent introduc- European war had built a railroad tion to the study of the subject. from the Bosporus through the heart of Asia Minor, and had con- History of the Methodist Episcopal structed an extensive canal for irri- Church in Mexico. By John W. gating the central plain. The author Butler. 12mo. 156 pp. $1.00 net. outlines the physiognomy and his- Methodist Book Concern, New tory of Asia Minor, its scenery, its York, 1918. present primitive agricultural and industrial conditions, its peoples and Dr. Butler's father, William Buttheir manners, customs and religious observances, and he de- a ler, founded this mission, and the scribes in an interesting way the classic ruins of this memorable son was for over forty years misregion. ' sionary in Mexico. He is therefore especially qualified to write a his- Islamic Africa. By R. Burton Shep- tory of the work from 1872 to 1918. pard. 12mo. 127 pp. 75 cents. It is a volume of personal reminis- The Methodist Book Concern, cences and facts, gathered from first New York, 1914. hand knowledge. The story of-each field is taken up separately and in The Africa here described is the the last chapter Dr. Butler de- scribes briefly the progress in the last half century in Mexico.

320 The Oregon Missions. By Bishop tion, to lynching and to Christian- James W. Bashford. 12mo. 311 ity. The hopeful outlook is em- pp. $1.25 net. The Abingdon phasized and there is much of con- Press, New Yark, 1918. structive value in this helpful little study of the American Negro. The indebtedness of America to home missions can never be fully Under Coligny's Banner. By Aldescribed. Here is one item in the bert Lee, Ph. D. 8vo. 314 pp. credit sheet. Oregon was saved to 6 shillings. Morgan and Scott, the United States by missionaries, London. 1918. the Indians were converted, the land was made safe, and education Under 'the guise of fiction, we was started by missionaries. Bish- have a most interesting story of op Bashford tells the story graph- Hugenot France of the days of ically and impressively. It should Henry of Navarre. Such a story be known by every Christian and brings vividly before us the changes every patriot. It is thrilling. This that have come since the Jesuit story emphasizes the part Metho- persecutions, when it was a crime to dists played in the history of the own a Bible and one could not be Northwest. purchased except at great risk and at a cost of a hundred crowns. The Faiths of Mankind. By Prof. Great is the change today when Edmund D. Soper. 16mo. 165 pp. Roman Catholics and Protestants 60 cents. Abingdon Press, New unite in a financial campaign for York, 1918. the Army and Navy, and even. in religious services.

Many are not interested in mis- Dr. Scofield's Question Box. Comsions because they know nothing piled by Ella E. Pohle. 12mo. of the faith and practice of non- 166 pp. $1.00 net. Bible Insti- Christians. Professor Soper here tute, Chicago, Ill. 1918. gives us a brief study course which outlines some of the main features Arranged under topics alphabeticof Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism, ally the compiler has gathered to- Hinduism and Animism. It is a gether many illuminating and pracbook for college students, and the tical answers to questions on the method followed is daily topical Bible doctrines and Christian prac- Bible readings, with twelve weekly tice given in connection with Dr. studies, each in a different religion, Scofield's Bible Correspondence two weeks each being given to Hin- Course. A full subject index opens duism, Buddhism, Islam and Chris- up this rich storehouse of one who tianity. They are clear, concise is an unusually clear and sound Bible teacher. and helpful studies on a new plan.

Your N,egro Neighbor. By Ben- The Right to Fight. By Sherwood jamin Brawley. 16 mo. 100 pp. Eddy, LL. D. 12mo. 87 pp. The 60 cents. The MacMillan Co. Association Press. 1918. 1918. The Christian position in regard The Negro in America is a real to the European war is here clearly problem which must receive serious stated by one who has seen the attention. Mr. Brawley views it causes and effect both in America from a Christian standpoint and and in Europe. Dr. Eddy discusses presents the facts clearly and forc- the German views as contrasted to ibly. After an historical review of the Biblical principles. This is good. the Negro in America he reviews material for correcting some mishis relation to industries, to educa- taken ideas of strict pacifists. ~ oW ,,&bUm.iWiiiii ~bFACTS WOkRT~ II QUOTlING i utAJ • baa Of all the Protestant mISSIOns in Africa over one-fifth of the mISSionaries, almost one-tenth of the native staff, more than one-fifth of the baptised Christians and nearly one-eighth of the pupils in schools were connected with German missionary societies. The future of the missionary enterprise will be tempered in some measure by the re-adjustment of this work in the Peace Settlement. (See page 251.) * * * * * * One-fifth of the world's population, mo~e than the combined population of the United States, Canada, South America and Africa live in India. Christian teachings have filled the people with ambition. Their new ethical ideas are derived to a start- ling degree from the New Testament, although most have not yet been led to the full acceptance of Christ as Saviour. (See page 259.) ****** India as a field of work among Mohammedans is second to none in promise and accessibility. Many confess that for them the tenets of Islam have little meaning, except.as a symbol and reminder of past glory, (See page 259.) *****• Nearly two thousand American and Kurdish children were gathered· by the Turks into an orphanage at 'Antoura, Syria, in 1915 and 1916. Last October after the Franco-British occupation of Beirut, only 669 orphans survived the Turkish methods of conducting an orphanage. This remnant is now cared fc>r under French and American direction. Industrial and educational classes will be formed and a plan of self-government will be introduced. (See page 287.) ***** * Although Meshed, a city in Eastern Persia, on the border of Afghanistan, is the first great sacred city of Islam in which Christian missionary work has been established, two-thirds of the expense of the medical mission work has been paid by the Persian people. (See page 266.) ****** It is a glorious testimony to the missionary spirit of the French Protestant churches thar in spiie of the awful sacrifices of the war, their offerings t() missions have been only one-sixth or one-seventh less than in pre-war times. (See pa·ge 289.) ****** The American Government is preparing to create Soldier Agricultural Settlements to give an outlet to the virile fo,rces now returning in khaki. This may furnish the key to the whole problem of social reconstruction. There are still 372,000,000 acres of uncultivated land which can be improved. Allowing 100 acres to a farm would mean 370,000 new farms, aud allowing 100 families to a church the necessity is seen for. 3,700 new churches within the next few years. (See pag 270.) *****• The Chinese are hungry for education. A school for working boys in Shanghai has grown in two years from 30 to 130 pupils. The teachers are volunteers and the course includes readiug and writing Chinese, arithmetic, English, games, Bible Study and religious meetings. (See page 306.) ****** The first Mormon church building erected in New York State was dedicated in Brooklyn last February. At this service it was announced that there are at present in New York State seven Mormon congregations with more than 750 members. (See page 308.) ….. **** Home mission folk take notice: Of the 335,998 American Indians in the United States 260,193 can neither read nDr write, and only Dne-third of the entire Indian population can speak English. (Se,e page 308.) NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS Captain Bickel and the Inland Sea. By Wilson and Foch say C. K. Harrington. 8yo. 301 pp. $1.75. ••A man has deprived himself 0/ the best Fleming H. Reyell, New York, 1919. th£reis in the world who has depri,;eahim· Japan at First Hand. By Jos. 1. C. – – – – – — selfofintimate knowl· Clarke. 8yo. 482 pp. $2.50. T1odd, edge ofthe Bible. " Mead & Co. New York, 1910. -Pres. U ilson.

The Faith of Japan. By H. Tasuku. uThe Bible is certain- 12mo. $1.25. The Macmillan Com- ly the best prepartion that you can gir:e to pany. New York, 1919. an American soldier China and the World War. By W. goin/! into battle to sustain his magnificent idprll and faith. II Reginald Wheeler. 12mo. 263 pp. $1.75. -Mar8hal Foch to N. Y.. Bibl~ }:,o~ety. The Macmillan Company. New York, Answer this "Call to the Colors" 1918.

China Mission Year Book. 12mo. 429 Be a Trained JI~:~ !';;e!Jre~J l~~~iii:e:~i:e: pp. China Continuation Committee. Christian Worker ~~~;r~i~::'-~~~d::t!~a~~~:: Shanghai, 1919.

Foreign Financail Control in China. By industrial and home workers, farmers, mechanics, soldiers T. W. Oyerlach. 8yo. 295 pp. $2.00. -as well as to ministers. missionaries. evangelists, etc.

The Macmillan Company. New York, Never was there such a great demand for those who prayerful, really know the Blble. There is personal profit beyond 1918. ' anything you can imaID.ne in systematic Bible Forty Years in Burma. By J. E. Marks. reading and study. Get ready! Start at onc.! The 8yo. 1917. 307 pp. $3.50. E. P. Dut- Correspondence Courses ton & Co. N ew York, 1917. ofthe MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE will give you a system to stndy by-a guide, a teacher. You will be a personal Dupil Mexico Today and Tomorrow. By Ed- -time, place and amount of study under your control. Ex.. ward D. Trowbridge. 12mo. 282 pp. aminations are written, assuri;.1g' accuracy in your work.

$2.00. The Macmillan Company. New Write Today ¥::~'!':n:.~~~~r~J:ario~ ~re~:e~ York, 1918.

Dawn in Palestine. By William Canton. THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE 12mo. 99 pp. $0.40. The Macmillan Dept. 5784 153 In.titute Place Chi…..o, IlL Company. New York, 1918.

Asia Minor. By W. A. Hawley. 8yo.

329 pp. $3.50. John Lane & Com- pany. New York, 1918.

.The Rage of Islam. By Yonan H. Summer Bible School Shahbaz. $1.50. American Baptist Pub- in New York lication Society. New York, 1918.

The Great Peace. By H. H. Powers. 8yo. 333 pp. $2.25. The Macmillan Company. New York, 1918.

Christian Internationalism. 'By William Bible Teachers Training School Pierson Merrill. 12mo. 193 pp. $1.50. The Macmillan Company. New York, Dr. W. W. White, President 1918.

Charles Chapin Tracy. By George E. Summer Term June IS-August 26, 1919 White. 12mo. 79 pp. $1.00. The Pil- grim Press. Boston, 1918.

I Cried, He Answered. Introduced by A variety of courses for Pastors, Missionaries, Charles Gallaudet Trumbull 12mo. ~~~ih;ie~~~!aJ)vor1~1<W~f~fur~:k,~~ 125 pp. $0.75. Bible Institute Col- portage Association. Chicago, 1918. ary conferences.

Ruling Lines of Progressive Revelation. A strong deuartment of Phonetics and Mission.. By W. Graham Scroggie. 12mo. 144 ary Linguistics.

i'p. 4s, 6d. Morgan & Scott, Ltd. ea~~~~:~~~~~~~~Ol:~~~gd tl~~~t~~ London, 1918. A week of Conference, summarizing the world's The Conscience and Concessions. By Al- fred Wms. Anthony. 8yo. 270 pp. r~~~~~~~i ~~d:S~~~l(iJ!li~f~~~; $1.50. Fleming H. Revell. New York, 9-15. 1918. Special opportunities to visit social institutions.

A Light in the Land of Sinim. By Write for information and schedule to Harriet Newell Noyes. 8yo. 250 pp.

$1.50. Fleming H. Revell. 1919.

John P. Williamson-A Brother to the JOHN ANDERSON WOOD Sioux. By Wiuifred W. Barton. 8vo. Dean of Summer Term 269 pp. $1.75. Fleming H. Revell. 1919.

Six Red Months in Russia. By Louise 541 Lexington Avenue, New York Bryant. 8vo. 299 pp. $2.00. Geo. H. Doran Company. New York, 1919. HARTFORD American Motherhood W. Douglas Mackenzie For Every Home in the Land President Recognized Authority on Theological Seminary J . The MOTHE Dean, M. W. Jacobus The CHILD and School of Religious Pedagogy The HOME .

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THE BEST WAY One of the aims of our advertising depart- ~ to serve Communion. a is re'ertmt ment is to be helpful to those of Bauitary, andincreasesatteodance.t OUR READERS the Lord's Supper. Our eerviees are chaste and beautifuL Made of finMtt who are seeking information about articles m&terials and best workm.aDRhip. they wish to purchase whether found in our advertising columns cr not. We will 8tnd for iUu.rlTakd price lilt gladly answer your inquiries and endeavor to fulfil yourrequirements by putting you INDIVIDUAL COMMUNION SERVICE CO. in touch. with responsible business houses. 1701 Cbednat Street Philadelphia, Pa. OUR ADVERTISERS NEW BOOKS CONTINUED are deserving of your patronage. We bespeak for them your con.ideration. Morale. By Harold Goddard. 12mo. 118 pp. $1.00. Geo. H. Doran Com- Business Department pany. New York, 1919.

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America leads the world in making the manufacture ana sale of intoxicating drink unconstitutional. Read the May nu1l'- ber of THE MISSIONARY ~1£WORLD to learn the facts about the progress of ,,WORLD WIDE PROHlBITION 1 , I A PARTIAL TABLE OF CONi'ENTS WHY INTOXICANTS ARE OUTLAWED TEMPERANCE AROUND THE WORLD Why Women Fight Drink, A World SurveJ[ of the Drink Problem MRS. ELLA A. BOOLE GUY HAYLER Temperance Fifty Years Ago and Now, Prohibition in Canada and the United States DR. W. H. GRIFFITH-THOMAS HARRY S. WARNER Anti-Alcoholic Movements in Europe. Intolticants and Industrial Problems, IVAN NEPRASH CHARLES STELZLE The Drink Curse in Latin America, Patriotism and the Drink Question, DR. WEBSTER E. BROWNING E. C, DINWIDDIE The Liquor Question in South Africa Intemperance and the Social Evil DR. JAMES DEXTER TAYLOR By WINFIELD SCOTT HALL. M.D. Islam and Alcoholic Drink Literature on Intoxicants and Narcotics. DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER DR. CHARLES L. SCANLON Temperance Problems in India Why Work For World-Wide Prohibition? • DR. CLARENCE TRUE WILSON DR. BRENTON T. BADLEY Scientific View of the Temperance Ques- Drink and Drugsin China tion CORA FRANCES STODDARD HON. AMOS P. WILDER Does Prohibition Prohibit? The Temperance Movement in Japan ~ H. M. CHALFANT DR','SIDNEY L. GULICK Why Drink Was Banished from the Navy African Peoples and Stron~ Drink HON. JOSEPHUS DANIELS SIR HARRY JOHNSTON Also Maps, Charts and Photographs.

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The Missionary Review of the World — June 1918

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FACTS WORTH QUOT][NG ~'""'-= For Use on Church Calendars and in Missionary Meetings.

(Selected from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD for June.) 1. Only six years ago Dr. John W. Butler rescued portions of the Bible which were being burned in the street in Mexico City. Recently in this same city a Methodist Bible woman sold over 2,000 copies of the Bible in a few weeks. (See page 439.) =~== T::r:era::n:~::tthl~o~~o~:r::nst~~~:l~:::::e'mi~~;:n:::: :~;~ =i =_= 2. Plans are now under way for a Protestant University in Brazil, a country in which ==§- – 3. on the miSSIOn fields. § ,, Some 400 who entered the army have been killed, wounded or taken prisoners. Most of the German missions have been taken over by the British, Americans and Swiss. ==_ I_ (See page 424.) – ! 4. The wife of a Chinese official, to whom a missionary gave a Bible, said afterward §!

that she and her husband both wanted to read it at the same time, and that it I:: was not convenient to have only one copy. (See page 458.) 5. Dr. Dunlap, who was for forty years a Presbyterian missionary in Siam, was == influential in having a law passed against lotteries. He had easier access to the king than anyone except members of the cabinet. (See page 411.) ! 6. A very conservative estimate puts the amount spent by Jews for reconstruction in Palestine at not less than $500,000,000. N ow they are planning to return III I larger numbers to establish a Jewish state. (See page 420.) i 7. Another instance of the way in which war needs are binding together widely scattered portions of the world is to be found in the contribution by Sunday- schools in India of over $8,000 for the relief of Belgian children. (See page 465.) :~===5: 8. Marble figures of Madame Blavatsky and of Colonel Olcott are the central objects of worship in an extraordinary shrine maintained in the headquarters of the Theosophical Society in India. (See page 465.) 9. Combatants and members of labor battalions in the war speak seventy-two dif- ferent languages, in everyone of which the British and Foreign Bible Society has had versions of the Scriptures ready. More than 7,000,000 copies have been I distributed all told. (See page 462.) § 10. The eight representatives of the National Board of Young vVomen's Christian Associations now in Russia are making history there. Driven out of one city by revolutionary conditions they begin Association work for the women and girls of the next center wh~re they find themselves, so that work is now going on ;E in four cities. (See page 474.) 11. The introduction of primary schools and the beginning of sanitation are among § the reforms being introduced into Mecca by the new king of the Hedjaz. (See page 476.) § 12. At Kabyle, an African Moslem, on being told that the operation needed to save E the life of his wife would cost 200 francs, took her back home again, telling the I= 13. missionary doctor that for that sum he could buy a new wife. (See page 478.) The translation of the Bible into the language of the Navaho Indians, recently completed, is called in the native tongue, "God's Language." (See page 471.) .

==111111111111111111111111111111111111 /111111111/1111111111111" / I " 11111111111111""" 1I111111111111111111111111J11J11J11111111"~ J~hn, W , Butler of MexIco _in As& A MAP OF 'THE. CONTl!N1S A Modern Apostle … in Siam on ~ OF THE WORl..D iN 'IHI8 NVM.JD .

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MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ June, 1918 NUMBER SIX EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS IN ASIA O NE of the hindrances to the rapid evangelization and education of Asiatic peoples has been their illiteracy and the unwieldy . characters of their language. In China) for instance, there are some 4000 characters in use. People who have an alphabet and can use Homan letters are much more easily taught and the printing of literature is simplified.

In Japan and China efforts have been made to introduce Roman characters, and thus make education easier for the comm,on people. In India also a pamphlet has been published by the Christian Literature Society, in which a strong argument is presented for the adoption of the Roman alphabet, in modified form, for all the languages of India. The ,need for such a reform is apparent, considering that ninety per cent. of the population of India, 277,000,000, are illiterate. One reason for 'the illiteracy is the difficulty of teaching the 150 native languages, which employ such highly complicated and numerous characters as symbols that it takes an Indian boy.or girl the larger part of his school days to acquire a reading knowledge of the tongue. In view of the fact that there are sixty-four different sounds to be represented in the languages of the country, with an average of. fortyeight sounds for the leading tongues, diacritical marks would need to be used to differentiate the letters.

In China considerable progress is being made in education in spite of the unsettled political conditions and the diverting of school money for military expenditures. The Minister of Education has created educational bureaus in the provinces find they expect to introduce vocational education. The Vocational Education Association, of which Dr. Monliu Chiang, a Ph.D. of Columbia University, is secretary, publishes a monthly magazine and is planning to open a vocational school in Shanghai.

A NEW WOMAN'S COLLEGE IN JAPAN H IGHER Christian Education for women in Japan is a great mark of progress. The "Woman's Christian Union College opened its doors in Tokyo last April, with Dr. Nitobi, the well-known Japanese educator, as honorary president, and Miss Tetsuko Yasui, one of Japan's educational leaders, as dean. This is to be the highest in grade of any school for women in Japan. The Boards of six denominations which are back of this college conduct seventeen high schools in different parts of Japan, and these are expected to prepare students for the new college. The various courses of study will include language and literature; domestic science; business; music and art. Definite religious instruction will be a part of the regular work and it is intended to have the entire life of the school permeated with a Christian atmosphere.

'rhe successful beginnings of the union colleges for women in Madras, India, and Nanking, China, have encouraged those who are "V responsible for the similar enterprise in Japan to expect still greater things for the omen's Christian College. At present it is in rented quarters near Shinjulm, one of the SUburbs of Tokyo. The six missions and boards in America, which are ('o-operating in the movement, are the American Baptist (North), Churches of Christ, Methodist Church of Canada, Methodist Episcopal Church, Presbyterian (North), and Reformed Church (Dutch). The financial support of the college is divided between these boards, each being responsible in proportion to the number of girls' high schools supported by it in Japan. These schools are being asked to standardize their work, ~o that those willing to enter the college may take the entrance examinations and enter at once. It is hoped to begin with one class of a hundred students. The great need is a good teaching staff and properly qualified officials.

NEW LEADERSHIP IN NATIONAL CHURCHES T IMOTHY luis been called the first native Christian bishop in Asia Minor. Since that time native bIshops have been appointed in various mission fields, under one name or another, but all in reality supervisors. In recent years an advance step was taken in the British Church Missions, when V. S. Azariah was consecrated Bishop in India-as leader in a national Indian Church. This appointment expressed the growing conviction on the part of American and British " missionaries in the Orient that the native clergy should be put in the highest positions of leadership.

On the same principle a Japanese is to be made diocesan bishop and Bishop Cecil Boutllower of South Tokyo proposes to resign his bishopric, in order to make this possible. It is his intention to stay in the diocese and act as suffragan to the new bishop.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

"It is not too much to say," comments the O. M. B. Gleaner, "that this move will be a great event in the history of the Japanese Church, and that its value will be much enhanced by Bishop Bouttlower's Christian spirit in deciding, if the proposal matures, to take the lower seat and act as suffragan to the new Japanese bishop."

A similar step was taken in China when, in December last, the Synod of the Chekiang diocese elected Archdeacon Sing Tsae-Seng as Assistant Bishop. The General Synod of the Cheng Hua Sheng Kung Hui (the Episcopal Church in China) was expected to confirm the election at its meeting in April. Archdeacon Sing has Christian history behind him, for his father was the fi.rst Anglican Chinese clergyman, and he himself has for many years taken a leading part in the church life of China. He has also given two sons to the ministry of the Ghurch.

There are several native bishops in Africa and the Methodist Church has an able Japanese bishop. This is an encouraging sign of the progress of Christianity.

A PROTES1'ANT UNIVERSITY FOR BRAZIL THE program for advancement in Latin-America is moving on apace. As one result of the Panama Congress in 1916, plans are on foot for the establishment of a Protestant University for the great Portuguese-speaking republic of Brazil. In this great and growing country 74 per cent. are illiterate. In the United States there are five times as many schools and nearly ten times as many pupils in proportion to the population as has Brazil.

In the less progressive states the equipment is very primitive, the number of schools very inadequate, and the methods crude.. Pupils study aloud, the idea being that the more noise they make the better work they are doing. In the more advanced states there are signs of progress.

The modern methods and ideals are being introduced into Brazilian schools, but the higher educational institutions are bound up with ancient theories. Their influence is materialistic and atheistic. If her no other reason than to serve the sixty-thousand Protestants in Brazil, or, including foreigners, a Protestant community of 500,000 people, there should be a university to provide tllem with opportunity for a Christian education. Many other Brazilians also, who are not Protestants, recognize the superiority and strength of Protestant ideals and character, and desire to send their sons tD Protestant institutions. The great difficulty in the past has been to prevent the dissipating of the Protestant atmosphere in mission schools by the attendance of too lllany from Roman Catholic homes.

Another reason for the urgency of this call is the increasing need for PrQtestant Christian leaders in all professional spheres-churches, schoo!!'l, law and hledieine espeeially. If the Protestant Church is to

grow and be strengthened, there must be leaders properly trained under the right auspices. The establishment of truly Ohristian schools of higher learning, equipped with professors capable of teaching the best in religion and science, and every practical branch, would bring incalculable blessing to the youth of Brazil, and through them to the whole Oontinent.

The Protestant schools of Brazil today include 80 primary, 30 or more intermediate, 17 secondary, or high schools, and seven professional schools or faculties, training in agriculture, pharmacy, dentistry, commerce, engineering and theology. These schools have about 4,000 students, and 150 teachers, but are very inadequate for the present needs. There should be schools or faculties of medicine, law, and pedagogy. 'i'here· is in Brazil a University Federation movement among Protestants. This has been in existence for five years, and includes a large part of the Evangelical churches and missions. This movement cannot fail to exercise a profound influence on Protestant education in Brazil, and in fact on the whole national system of public instruction.

There is a marked friendliness of officials and influential classes toward the Evangelical educational institutions. Such mission enterprises as Mackenzie Oollege have exerted a wide influence: The spirit of cooperation is increasing, and the new friendliness of North and South Amrica will also help to promote an institution founded and conducted on a modern Evangelical basis. The fact that the Y. M. O. A. at Rio de Janeiro has recently raised $100,000 for a new building is one indication of the desire of intelligent Brazilians to cooperate with Evangelical Ohristian enterprises. 'i'he sum of $1,000,000 is asked to establish and strengthen professional schools united in a University Federation.

BRIGHTENING OUTLOOK FOR MEXICO T HERE is still a good deal of political disturbance in north- west Mexico, but in other regions there seems to be almost com- plete quiet. The missionary work of the Pr.otestant missions in Mexico has gone steadily forward throughout the Mexican revolution. Churches in outof-the-way places have suffered some material damage and in a few instances congregations have been scattered, due in part to the severe famine which has prevailed in some parts of the country. Fortunately the churches in the larger centers, like Mexico Oity, Guadalajara, Puebla, Monterey, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosi, Tampico, Vera Oruz and Merida have had earnest native pastors who have guided their churches through the crises when the revolution was sweeping all be· fore it.

The conviction is general that Mexico is now ready for a great forward movement. Never in all the history of Protestant work in that country have such crowds attended the preaching services. Last

1918J SIGNS OF THE TIMES

year a revival in Mexico City resulted in the professed conversion of nearly 1,000. There is a new eagerness to read Christian literature. And the tragic events of the past seven years may have paved the way for Mexico's spiritual rebirth.

The attitude of the Government toward Protestant missions is distinctly favorable, in spite of the apparent obstacles in the constitution. Some well informed friends say that the provisions of the constitution are misunderstood by many and deliberately misinterpreted. by others. It has in no case vitally interfered with Protestant work. Missionaries are very scrupulous about observing to the letter its provisions with reference to foreigners taking part in the religious instruction of the people. The real purpose of this legislation has been to eliminate the vast numbers of foreign Roman Catholic priests who have been imported to Mexico since the Catholic Church was disestablished in France and in the Philippine Islands. While American missionaries are not permitted to serve as pastors of churches, many of them remain in Mexico to administer their work, teach in the schools, publish literature and periodicals and aid the native workers in every way possible. They leave it to Mexican pastors to administer the sacraments, preach and conduct formal religious services. This will mean a large development of the native ministry.

The largest regular Sunday congregation in the Republic of Mexico is-at the bull-ring. The next largest, out-numbering the gathering in any church or cathedral, is at the Mexican preaching service in the Methodist Church in ,Calle Gante. There never was a time in Mexico when the Gospel seemed to come so near the hearts of the impoverished and distressed people. There are seven hundred children regularly in Methodist Snnday-schools in the capital on Sunday mornings.

AMERICAN INTEREST IN RUSSIAN EVANGELIZATION T HE unfortunate breaking down of law and order in Russia, with the consequent menace to the allied cause, and to the freedom of Rumania and Persia, has not lessened the interest of American Christians in the spiritual welfare of Russians. This is shown not only in the efforts of various religious organizations to call attention to Russia's great need in this crisis, but has a practical expression in the Russian Bible and Educational Institute, established by Rev. William Fetler in Philadelphia. This school has now one hundred students and is preparing Russians for service in their own country.

A special call has been issued for conference and prayer on behalf of Russia, to meet in the Moody Bible Institute, Chicago, from June 24th to 28th. This call is signed by some of the best known Christian leaders of all Evangelical denominations in America. In the call the

following statement is made as to the great problem of Russia's evangelization: The Revolution in Russia has resulted in throwing open to the Gospel the largest country, with its largest population of white people, in the world. There are 182,000,000 people in Russia, and yet there are not as many evangelical workers there as in the city of Chicago alone. Any adequate evangelization plan must embrace not only the hundred million native Russians, but also the seven million Jews, the twenty million Poles, the thirty million Ukrainians, millions of Mohammedans (Tartars, Kurds, Kirghiz, etc.) Armenians, Roumanians and Greeks, and besides these the Bulgarians, Servians, Croatians, Montenegrins and other related Slavonic peoples.

The propaganda of atheism and materialism is already assuming a wful proportions. There is no time to lose. The Greek Orthodox Church is rapidly losing its grip upon the hearts of the people, and before long large masses of simple religiously inclined Russians may be led astray into complete infidelity. Millions of the people are looking for something different.

The greatest immediate need is the printing and circulating of at least a million copies of the Russian Bible, three million copies of the New Testament and a large supply of the very best Russian evangelical literature. Then several hundred evangelists, colporteurs and Christian workers must be trained and equipped for Sf'rvice in Russia. Already one hundred lRussians in America have offered themselves for soul-saving service in their native land and are now in training, and there are also hundreds of converted and educated men in Russia who haye suffered for their faith and who now need to be rallied and encouraged.

A vital factor in the realization of a comprehensive plan for Russia must be the evangelization of the Russian and other Slavonic people in America in order that they may return to their native lands fully equipped for effective service. The united prayers of God's people everywhere must be offered up in behalf of these long neglected multitudes.

'J'lle Conference will be led by Rev. William Fetler and a choir of about fifty students from the Russian Bible Im:titute of Philadelphia are expected to sing their Russian hymns. Russian and other Slavonic evangelists and missionary workers of the Chicago Tract Society will also assist. 'J'his conference may mark an epoch in Russian history and in the progress of Christianity.

What will be reserved for the Russia of the future? Will she lose her body and gain her soul? Already she has lost the Ukraine in the South, Poland, Finland, Courland, Livonia and Eshonia. 'With the setting of her political sun, may the Sun of Righteousness arise for Russia with healing in His wings.

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ARE WE READY FOR VICTORY?

PRESIDENT 'VIIJSON has rendered a real service in issuing a proclamation calling on the American people to observe May 30th (Memorial Day) as "a day of public humiliation, prayer and fast· ing." This follows the Congressional resolution passed on April 2nd: "It being a duty peculiarly incumbent in a time of war humbly and devoutly to acknowledge our dependence on Almighty God and to implore His aid and protection, the President of the United States is hereby respectfully requested to commend a day of public humiliation, prayer and fasting, to be observed by the people of the United States with religious solemnity and the offering of fervent supplications to Almighty God for the safety and welfare of our cause, His blessing on our arms, and a speedy restoration of an honorable and lasting peace to the nations of the earth."

The President, in his proclamation, calls upon all American citizens to assemble "in their several places of worship and there, as well as in their homes, to pray Almighty God that He may forgive our sins and shortcomings as a people and purify our hearts to see and love the truth, to accept and defend all things that are just and right, and to purpose only those righteous acts and judgments which are in conformity with His will; beseeching Him that He will give victory to our armies as they fight for freedom, wisdom to those who take counsel on our behalf in these days of dark struggle and perplexity, and steadfastness to our people to make sacrifice to the utmost in support of what is just and true, bringing us at last the peace in which men's hearts can be at rest because it is founded upon mercy, justice and goodwill."

There is need for personal and national humiliation and prayer. The crisis demands it. The chaos in Russia, the destructive power of . enemies' forces, the desperate struggle for mastery in Europe, and the tremendous sacrifice of life, practically the whole ,,'orld at war-are enough to banish any false optimism. Those most familiar with the situation view it with most concern. The struggle is gigantic, the sacri· fice is staggering, and military authorities talk of from five to eight years more of exhausting war.

There is one Power and only one that can bring speedy victory and lasting peace-that power is Almighty God. He could, in a moment, with the exercise of His will or by natural laws, sweep an army' out of existence, bring confusion into the councils of the enemy or cause sudden, withering fear to seize upon them. 'Would such divine inter· position be a blessing to the world? Are we ready for victory?

None can doubt that God wills the triumph of righteousness and Americans have good reason to believe that their cause is righteous. President Wilson rightly calls on us to pray to Almighty God who can give the victory. But we may well ask ourselves, "Are we ready for the answer to this prayer?" It may be that God cannot grant the request

because victory for the Allies at this time -would not accomplish His good purpose. Have we as yet learned the lessons from our failures that have produced the present crisis? We wish for victory and peace but the desire may be selfi~h, to avoid further sacrifice. vVould we as. a nation use victory and peace to extend the Kingdom of God on earth?

As our President declares, we need first of all humble confession of sins, personal, family and national, with a true repentance and turning to God. We need it because men are still putting their trust in material things and in human strategy. While doing their utmost they have not yet learned to say truthfully "Some trust in armies and some in ammunition but we will remember the name of Jehovah, our God." This does not cut the nerve of effort but it gives a new basis for confidence. Liberty bondsf food, the Red Cross, ships, munitions will not win the war. They are needed, but our confidence must not rest in them.

There is need of humiliation and confession because of the sins that have eaten away the strength of the nations. It is weakness and foolishness to shut our eyes to these faults. They must be acknowledged and corrected. We have neglected God's laws. Call to mind the unrebuked profanity and the impurity in camp, city and country; the intemperance, the disobedience of children and the low standards of family life; the selfishness and dishonesty in business and politics; the worship of gold and the mad rush after pleasure. Note the disregard of God's Day, the neglect of His worship, and the disobedience to His Word as the rule of faith and practice. Above all there is a dishonoring of God's Son in word and deed and a general disregard of His program for the world.

It is not enough to say that other nations are worse than we. Our privileges have been greater and we therefore have greater cause for. confession and contrition. Many in Britain and America are conscious of these faults and are eagerly seeking the remedy. A national repent- _ ance is needed. ' Those nations that are ready to acknowledge God's sovereignty and obey His laws are the one's who have a right to pray for God is able and ready to give victory. Are we ready to Co-olJcrate with Him in all His good plans for the world?

DR. JOWETT'S MINISTRY TO THE MULTITUDES.

AFTER seven years of service in the American metropolis, Dr. John Henry Jowett, one of the most honored and loved of Christian ministers, has returned at the call of his country to the world's metropolis. His service in America can never be adequately measured. As a preacher of the Word of God he has fed multitudes who, Sunday after Sunday, thronged the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Ohurch. They came from every part of America, and from all over the world. They came hungry and went away spiritually fed. Dr. Jowett greatly influ-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

enced his fellow ministers, and set a new standard of preaching for thousands of other pastors.

Statistics cannot indicate the result of Dr. Jowett's service, but it is interesting to note that the membership of his church increased from 2,280 to over 2,800 in the seven years. Among these were seven hundred who united with the church on confession of faith and five hundred by letter. He solved the problem of the mid-week service, which was crowded to overflowing. His audiences were not so much charmed by the beauty of his diction and his intellectual keenness as they were helped by his spiritual insight and the practical value of his message.

In giving, the congregation made a remarkable record. The gifts reported to the General Assembly increased from 1911 to 1917 nearly three hundred per cent for home missions and four hundred per cent for foreign missions. The congregational expenses remained almost stationary, while the miscellaneous gifts increased from $4,679 in 1911 to $763,270 in 1917. Altogether the seven years brought in over $425,000 to home missions, over $380,000 to foreign missions and $2,475,000 to miscellaneous causes.

Dr. Jowett served efficiently as a member of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, but he thrust aside thousands of invitations for social and ecclesiastical diversions in the way of addresses, committees and conferences. He made preaching the Gospel his one business. America is more Ohristlike because of his ministry_ He interpreted Ohrist to his American hearers and to his much larger circle of readers. He led them faithfully and reverently into the presence of God throughout his ministry as he did in his closing message to his people on April 14th. His final words were: "I lead you where I have sought to lead you for the last seven years. I lead you to Jesus, the Ohrist, the risen Saviour, the reigning King of Glory. All my hope on Him is stayed. I believe in the morrow, because I believe in Him. Let us revere Him! Let us love Him! Let us follow him! In this closing moment of my ministry I exalt Him as King of Kings, Lord of Lords, the undefeatable Saviour, the incomparable Oompanion, the Friend who sticketh closer than a brother. I exalt Him as the Lord of life, the Oonqueror of death, and the Fountain of deathless hope."

DR. JOWETT'S FAREWELL MESSAGE TO AMERICA.

I return to my native land a great debtor to the American people. These last seven years have been to me a time of continual enlargement. One could not be contented with a parish or with a country; one had to seek the message that engirdied the world. I have also gained immensely by being in America during the early part of the war. I have been able to look upon the great conflict, not only through English eyes, but through American eyes, and therefore with a broader and healthier vision. The American and British peoples are now in positive and sacred alliance, and our fellowship is baptized in common sacrifice. I believe that this community of purpose and of action will be permanent, and that the two peoples are being drawn together into a fraternity which will bless the whole world.

REV. EUGENE P. DUNLAP, D.D

American Presbyterian Missiona ry to Slam. 1875 to 1918

BY ELEPHANT EXPRESS IN

A Modern Apostle of Siam A SKETCII OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF THE REV. EUGENE P. DUNLAP, D.D.• BY THE REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D., LL.D., NEW YORK CITY Author of "The Foreign Missionary," etc.

F E'V missionaries of any age have. had such varied experiences and such influence upon the people among whom they labored as had Eugene P. Dunlap who, for forty·three years, went about doing good in the kingdom of Siam. Few men have been more signally characterized by beauty of spiritual life and fidelity of Christian devotion. Some other workers, both at home and abroad, have surpassed him in the number of converts, though these often resulted from his preaching. He baptized men and women in everyone of his tours, and it is doubtful whether, when he was on the field, a month ever passed without conversions. But Siamese Buddhism does not yield so readily to the Christian appeal for outward confession of Christ as the more emotional peoples of animistic faiths. And yet no one can read Dr. Dunlap's letters and reports without noting the frequency of such passages as the following: "One day, when preaching under a large shade tree on the seashore, I noticed one man who gave very close attention, After service, we gave him a copy of the Gospel according to Luke, saying: 'This book contains the precious stories of the life of Jesus; take it and read it.' That night he sat up almost all night to read it through, and before leaving the island, it was our privilege to baptize him, On the island lives a nobleman who was baptized some ten years ago. All these years he has kept the faith, the only Christian • Dr. Dunlap, one of tbe great apostles of tbe modern Cburch, an bonored missionary ot the Presbyterian Cburch, U. S. A., passed away in Tap Teang, Slam, on April 4th, 1918.

on the island. Our most precious service was held in his home, when his wife, son, daughter, nephew and three neighbors were baptized. It was the happiest day of his life. Nine more of the islanders were then placed on probation. This happy company of believers were formed into a Christian band, with the disciple of ten years, and the above-mentioned lover of God's Word as their leader. They promised to meet in the two homes to worship God and study the Word. We recommend this little company of disciples of Jesus to the prayers of God's people.

"Our farewell service was held under a large shade tree on the beach. The Governor, other officials, all the disciples and inquirers and many of the villagers were there. * * * It was not easy to say good-bye to the beloved disciples. Were it not for the regions beyond, one would gladly spend his life with them. They followed us to the little boats waiting to take us to the ship, and they fairly loaded us with baskets of luscious fruits, tokens of their appreciation of our visit. As we steamed out of the harbor, they lingered on the shore waving to us their affectionate farewell.

"Our last service with this company [a group in another place] of beloved disciples was the celebration of the Lord's Supper. This was a solemn, precious service, held in the bamboo hut under the cocoanut trees. Six persons made profession of their faith in our Lord Jesus Christ and were baptized. On the following morning, the disciples escorted us through the jungles to our sail boat. They brought trays of fruit, rice, fish, and other supplies for the missionaries and their crew. After farewell words of counsel and encouragement, we sailed away to Nakawn."

Dr. Dunlap was an indefatigable itinerator. I know of no other missionary in any land who spent a larger proportion of his time in country work. Siam is not an easy country in which to itinerate.

Until near the end of Dr. Dunlap's missionary service, there was no railway in that part of Siam which constituted his special field, and the one that was built then traversed only a small part of the region through which he journeyed. Very seldom was it of any assistance to him, for he toured among the villages far in the interior. Nor were there any wagon roads; nothing but mere paths, u~ually rough ones at that.

lIe had to travel on elephants, or on ponies, or afoot, through vast jungle forests, over mountains and through rivers. The climate is hot, humid and debilitating. Such tropical diseases as cholera, dysentery and malignant malaria lurk on every hand. Mosquitoes swarm in millions, and while the people are uniformly kind and hospitable, the jungles through which he traveled, and amid which he often camped at night, abound in tigers, serpents, wild elephants and various other unpleasant prowlers.

But nothing could daunt the evangelistic zeal of this devoted mis- sionary. Note the following extracts from his letters: "We spend about one month of the year in our home. The remainder of the year we lodge in boats, Buddhist temples, market places, bungalows, bamboo huts, court houses, and the homes of the people. There are no inns, no hotels, in the interior of Siam. In all our itinerating field we do not own a lodging place, and yet we have never had to sleep on the ground or out doors but once. That speaks well for the hospitality of Siam's people. For weeks at a time we do not see a chair, bedstead or table; Siamese homes, as a rule, do

A MODERN APOSTLE OF SIAM

not have these 'uncomfortable things.' When we are their guests, we, like our host, sit, eat, and sleep on the floor.

'· We proceeded up the river one day, and there had to get smaller canoes, for the stream became narrow, very rocky, and current swift. On the second day we reached another large settlement. We disposed of many good books to the people, and cared for a large number of sick, among them several officials. We were glad to see many of them get clear of the fever which was epidemic. At this point we had hoped to get elephants for our party and baggage, but could secure only three elephants. When I tell you that we RIVER TRAVEL IN SIAMESE CANOES [Dr. Dunlap traveled thousands of miles in this way) carried more than two thousand books and tracts, five cases of medicines, stereopticon outfit, clothing for six months,· camp outfit, provisions, cooking utensils, beds, etc., you will know that we have no small amount of baggage. The elephant that we were to ride had such a bad temper that we were afraid to mount him, so I said; 'Wife, what shall we do?' With her usual courage she answered by taking off her shoes to wade the first stream and said: 'Let us walk.' And walk we did for thirty miles, through jungles, over mountains, through streams and broad plains. On the second day we reached a camping place and were soon surrounded by people eager for medicines and to listen to the teachings, to whom we ministered until after dark. There for the first time on our touring we slept on the ground<; we were so weary that we rested just as well as though we had been in comfortable home beds. The next morning, we secured elephants for ourselves and baggage, and after one day's ride we reached the head waters of the Panga River. We were glad to exchange elephants for canoes. This was the seventh time that we had

crossed this peninsula. We were able to reach many places never before reached by the Christian missionary. In this six months' tour we traveled on ten steamers, twenty elephants, numerous buffalo carts, and canoes, and walked long distances without serious mishap. For the greater part of the time we were in the heart of the Peninsula, cut off from all communication with the outside world; no telegrams, no newspapers and no post offices. We have learned to do without such facilities."

Dr. Dunlap was a keen lover of nature. Siam is a land of wonder· ful beauty-forest·clad hills, cultivated valleys, rare flowers, and rush· ing streams. His sensitive soul eagerly responded to the beauties of the worM about him and his let· tel'S abound in graphic -descrip· tions, as witness the following: "The scenery of this island-en- ticing harbors, broad cocoanut groves, waterfalls, and lofty' moun· tains-was simply charming.

"The Governor of the island proved an attentive host. He led us in many interesting walks through DR. DUNLAP'S BOAT~Tbe "Kalam!,zoo" the cocoanut plantations, up roman- tic ravines, over lofty mountains, to charming waterfalls, where we saw a great variety of ferns, rare orchids, graceful palms, and many other attractive tropical plants.

"Securiiig two well manned canoes, we were soon paddling up the broad river Looang, leaving all signs of civilization behind. We greatly enjoyed the beauties of nature, graceful bamboos and palms, here and there, forming charming archways; most beautiful vines draping the large trees, and orchids in charming varieties. We mounted the elephants at the foot of a beautiful mountain.

"On our third day we followed the elephant path through wonderful forests and were much interested in the plants, ferns and orchids in charming variety, palms, sago and tapioca plants, rubber trees and valuable hard woods.

"In its natural scenery this island is very attractive. Mountains about three thousand feet above the sea, charming valleys, ravines and waterfalls. It is rich in cocoanut groves, attractive, shady retreats from the hot sun."

He journeyed by sea as well as land. :Many years ago, friends in Kalamazoo, Michigan, presented him with a schooner which he called "The Kalamazoo." In this little boat he and his equally devoted wife, and a few Siamese attendants made long journeys along the coast line and among the adjacent islands, carrying the Gospel to peoples who could not have been reached through the pathless jungles which bordered their villages. This part of his itinerating also brought him many inter· esting experiences. He wrote: "Ve travel in the Mission schooner 'Kalamazoo' from two to four months of the year; by coast steamer, often going deck passage because there are no cabins; by native sail boats, canoes, buffalo carts, on elephants, and on foot, long distances. * * *

1918J A MODERN APOSTLE OF SIAM

THE HO:fE OF DR. AND MRS. DUNLAP IN TAP TEANG, SIAM "During our annual tour in the Mission schooner 'Kalamazoo', on the east coast of the Gulf of Siam, we stopped in all the principal harbors on the way. We sailed about four hundred miles, traveled in canoes about one hundred miles up the creeks, and rivers, and took long walks over the plains to visit inland villages. We found here and there a good number of people who were believing in God as the result of teaching on former tours, and the reading of Christian books, and were praying to Him.

"In one of our tours on the west coast of the Gulf of Siam, at Nakawn, we hired a native sail boat, a long dugout with roof over the centre, and sailed thirty miles along the coast to visit some disciples. We had very pleasant sailing, but one night we were caught by a sudden northeast squall, and the mast was twisted off and the sail blown into the sea. For a time there was no little excitement, but our sturdy helmsman soon righted things and we made our way into a .small river, on the banks of which the disciples gave us a hearty welcome. They conducted us to their home in a beautiful cocoanut grove, lodged us in a little bamboo hut that they had prepared for our entertainment,. and showed us no little hospitality. They gave Us the best bananas, cocoanuts, sweet potatoes, watermelons, fish, fowls and eggs that could be found. The ordinary rice they did not consider good enough for the missionaries, so the sisters were soon busy polishing nice white rice for their teachers. Willing hands arranged a place for services, and messengers were sent throughout the plantations inviting their neighbors to come and hear the Gospel. We began each day with a preaching service in the early morning, and close attention made it easy to preach. Then the medicine chest was opened and an hour or more spent in ministering to the sick. The remainder of the day was devoted to teaching

from house to house. At times we walked to distant settlements to hold services in homes of disciples to which all the neighbors were invited."

With faithful and loving ministries like these, the good missionary and his wife were unceasingly occupied. No opportunity to testify for Christ was ever slighted. I have never known a Christian worker who had greater joy in his ministry for souls. His letters and reports fairly glow with it. I could quote scores of sentences like the following: "There was great joy in telling the precious stories of our Lord to those who had never heard."

"To attend upon the poor little fe- verish children of the homes and see * a large number *re*c over was a delight Our daily services to our hearts. with the twelve disciples of this island were precious indeed, and we had the joy, too, of baptizing several other islanders and a number of little chil- dren."

"None of the tradesmen knew about Jesus. They were friendly and list- ened very closely to our stories about the Saviour of sinful men. It was a pleasure to place His precious Gospel in their hands and know that they would carry it to distant homes."

"In this settlement most of the peo- ple had never heard the Gospel. It was a joy to publish the Glad Tidings to them, and the night was well spent MRS. EUGENE P. DUNLAP in showing them the Bible pictures by means of the Sciopticon. * * * "I was glad to minister to so many sufferers as we passed along. 'Jesus went about doing good.' Let us follow in His steps."

"Some roughing it, 'tis true, but the joys of the work held us over the rough places."

Near the end of a furlough in 1909, he wrote: "vVe are now pack· ing for Siam. 0, but it will be joyful to return to the Master's work in beloved Siam!"

Bits of humor often illuminated his letters. After a nerve-racking experience in a bullock cart over rocks and ruts, he gOOd-naturedly wrote: "The jolting keeps us from having dyspepsia." Of another tour, he says: "We dismissed our elephants and spent five days in a border town. On the Sabbath I preached in the court house, which was our lodging place. The people of this settlement were the most indolent set that we have seen in Siam. Even money could not persuade them to hull rice for our party, and the question of food grew serious. Seeing the condition of their little children, I prepared a lot of worm powders, which I handed to the mothers with directions. The remedy worked so effectually that the mothers out of gratitude each prepared a large bowl of beautiful white rice for the missionary table. This

A MODERN APOSTLE OF SIAM

is not the first time that we have 'wormed' our way into the hearts of Siam's people."

Dr. Dunlap gained large influence over the Siamese people, both individually and collectively. He loved them and they in turn loved him. "Wherever he went, he was welcomed by men and WOl,nen of high and low degree alike. "We travel in safety," he said, "are always kindly received by the people, and have perfect liberty in our work." The following were common experiences: "The Governor of ·this province, a .leading Siamese noble, is one of our schoolboys and a staunch supporter of our Mission work. You may be sure A SLUfmSE FAMILY AT DINNER that he extended his old teachers a hearty welcome, introduced and commended us and our work to all the officials of the province. He entertained us in his own home and furnished us boats and other facilities for our work. Frequently he said in the presence of the people: 'I owe my position and all that I am to the labors of these American missionaries.' There are many officials throughout Siam who might truly say the same; another indirect result of Mission work."

"The High Commissioner of the district, having been informed of the arrival of the missionary party, sent his own steam launch out to meet us and convey us to a beautiful little cottage that His Excellency and lady had prepared for our entertainment. They showed us no little kindness. His Excellency manifested special interest in the medical mission work, and two places were granted for the work: a cottage in his garden and a house in the market place."

He was personally known to and held in high esteem by His Majesty, the King, one of the most enlightened and public·spirited of rulers, always eager to promote the welfare of his people. His relations were particularly close with the father of the present sovereign vho frequently counselled with him. I was told when in Bangkok that Dr. Dunlap had easier access to the Royal Palace than anyone else in Siam outside of the members of the Cabinet, and that the King and his Ministers frequently summoned him to conferences. They knew that this missionary, through his extensive travels in various parts of the country, knew conditions in Siam better than anybody else, and they knew too that he was not only intelligent and wise but absolutely un· selfish, seeking nothing for himself and thinking only of good for the people to whom he had consecrated his life. He never compromised his missionary message or convictions. He spoke plainly of current evils. Gambling is the national vice of the Siamese. It was licensed and even encouraged by the Goyernment. The monopoly in every town was auc· tioned off to the highest bidder. The successful concessionaire erected a large building in a central location. Music and theatrical perform· ances added to the attractiveness of the place, and, in the evenLngs, almost the whole population assembled. There were one hundred and three large gambling houses throughout the interior, besides a great number in the capital. The demoralizing consequences can be readily understood. Dr. Dunlap, cordially aided by the Hon. Hamilton King, then American Minister, frankly represented to the late King that gambling .was inimical to the best interests of Siam and that the money that the Government derived from it was obtained at a ruinous cost to character and legitimate industry. The King, a wise and progressive monarch, listened, and the result was the issuance of a royal decree in January, 1905, ordering the abolition of these gambling concessions everywhere outside of Bangkok, where the question involved the revenue in relation to import duties. These could not be changed without the consent of other governments. In itinerating tours, Dr. Dunlap made it a rule to visit prisons and to observe sanitary conditions. Some of the credit for the prison reforms in Siam belongs to him. In his report of one of his long tours, he wrote: "In Ban Don, the largest market town of this coast, our hearts were made sad by the ravages of that dread disease Asiatic ,cholera. One day, seven died in the prison. The Governor sent for me and requested that I should try to find the cause of the spread of the disease. I found the prison in good sanitary condition, but traced the trouble to the fact that the prisoners while out on public works were drinking the filthy river water, and recommended that all drinking water be thoroughly boiled and prisoners permitted to drink that alone when out at work. In a few days, the disease disappeared entirely. Thus, humanly speaking, many a poor prisoner's life was saved."

'While, however, he asked nothing for himself he did not hesitate to ask for contributions toward the property which was to be used by

A MODERN APOSTLE OF SIAM

.

A SIAM E S E COU NTRY HOME ON STILT S A t ypical group coming out to s ee the foreig ner the Mission for the benefit of the Siamese people themselves. So great was the confidence in him that these appeals met with generous response. The King and Queen, members of the Oabinet, and many Siamese in various official positions contributed toward the purchase of land for mi ssion schools and hospitals, and in other instances the Government assigned land for mission purposes at a merely nominal rent.

As a speaker before American audiences, Dr. Dunlap had remarkable power, and whenever he was known to be at home on furlough, the calls fOl' his addresses were numerous and insistent. Few missionaries of this generation had a wider hearing or stirre~ his hearers more deeply. Multitudes will never forget his eloquent wordS, and his graphic description of "How a Governor in Siam found Christ," went all over tIl e country.

In spite of his fame and popularity Dr. Dunlap was as modest as he was devoted. ·When he was in America in 1908, one of my colleagues showed him a sketch of his career which had been provided for the newspapers in connection with some addresses that Dr. Dunlap was to deliver, in which he was characterized as "easily the foremost foreigner in the Kingdom of Siam, everywhere welcomed by governors, merchallts, farmers, and the poorest leper, frequently closeted with King or ministers who can learn from him as from no other tIle true status

of remote jungle dwellers; or it may be adjudicating cases which by common consent of judge and litigants had been reserved for his arbitra- tion." At the bottom of a copy of that sketch I note the following sentence in Dr. Dunlap's handwriting: "Would it not be better to say: A sinner saved by grace and privileged to preach the unsearchable riches of Christ in Siam."

In a pamphlet published some years ago, entitled "How Shall We Persuade the Siamese to Accept the Gospel," he opened his heart to his missionary brethren. The following extracts eloquently testify to the spirit of the man.

"The word persuade is a fit word. To win the people for the Master, an ounce of persuasion is worth more than a ton of compulsion, ridicule, or sarcasm. The Siamese after all are not very unlike ourselves. You can persuade them a mile, but you cannot drive them an inch. In making up the * * * formula, I would say: about one ounce of argument to every pint of entreaty, well flavored with love. If we would persuade this people to accept the Gospel, we must live the Gospel. How much we shall achieve, if we can truly say to them: 'Follow me as I follow Jesus.' If the love of Jesus con- strains me, then the love of Jesus working through me will constrain others. That's a sure rule. * * * A very good way to persuade men to accept the 1 love to do Gospel is to beseech them by the merciesof God*. that-to dwell Jesus desires to go, through ** on the mercies of God in the Lord Jesus. * * * us, into the homes of this people. Then l~t us keep this high ideal before us: 'In Christ's stead.' That means that we are to talk to them in the same spirit in which He talked. So must we love to tel1 men about Jesus far more than we love our meat and drink. No half-hearted entreaty wil1 persuade men. * * * We should not turn away from the most sinful. We may be weary, but we should love such souls more than we love ease in our long verandah chairs. We may be hungry, but if we would persuade poor sinful ones to accept the Gospel we must love them more than we love our good food and luscious mangustines. If you would persuade the Siamese people, espe- * cially the very si*nfu*l ones, then follow our Saviour's nile as recorded in John Tact is absolutely essential in persuading men to' accept 4th chapter.

the Gospel. No matter how perfectly you may have learned the language, if you lack tact, then your efforts may drive the Siamese people away from the Gospel. And necessary to tact is a close sympathetic contact with the people.

Therefore I say, study the people just as closely and with as much interest, as you study the language."

"Jesus was never rude, Jesus never needlessly spoke a harsh word. Jesus . never gave needless pain to a sensitive heart. Jesus was most considerate of human weakness. Jesus was most gentle toward all human sorrow. Jesus never suppressed the truth, but He uttered it in love. Jesus' whole life tells of most considerate thoughtfulness for others. So I believe, that if we would persuade this people to accept the Gospel we should try to change our bluntness and rudeness into true gentleness."

"A cripple, who was tDld by a disciple of Jesus to call for the medical missionary, replied: '0, he will not take any notice of a poor loathsome creature like me.' But the disciple answered: 'Yes he will, just try him.' The writer went to that little bamboo hut with the medical missionary, and it was so filthy that it took great effort to enter it. The poor man was covered with foul ulcers. The medical missionary, moved by the spirit of Him whose hand touched the leper, with warm water cleansed those ulcers and I read to the

A MODERN APOSTLE OF SIAM

cripple the wonderful stories of Jesus' love and healing power. The tears ran down the old man's face and he exclaimed: '0, missionary, I have never seen love like this!' 0, the love of Jesus! It broke and won his heart. He became a happy Christian and was bap- tized in the little hut. We car- ried the elements of Jesus' broken body and shed blood into that little hut. And there the three of us commemorated His dying love. His love passeth all understanding!"

"It is not science nor intellect nor eloquence that wins souls, but love to Christ pouring over in love to men. Love will give you a delicacy of perception and ingenuity of. persuasiveness which no heart shall be able to resist. Love will reconcile the profound scholar to a life among savages and it will carry us through the jungles of Si.am to the regions beyond. It will carry the refined and cultured woman with the precious tidings into the most unattractive homes.

Love will bear all, believe all, hope all, endure all, if only it may win men for Christ. The true secret of endurance is love. May the ·Iove SIAMESE CHRISTIAN WOMEN OF BANGKOK IN of Christ constrain us! May we NA'J'IVE COSTUME be rooted and grounded in it, so that we shall be well prepared to TEACHERS IN THE HARRIET HOUSE SCHOOL. persuade the Siamese people to accept the Gospe1." The one on the left had four years' preparation in America and now has charge of the first Kindergarten ever opened in Slam. The second instructs in academic, sewing and gymnastic work. The third teaches and conducts the home nursing department.

In spite of Dr. Dunlap's arduous labors in a tropical climate, and his constant exposure in itinerating tours, he enjoyed on the whole good health until 1907 when, in climbing a bamboo ladder to visit a sick man (Siamese houses are set upon poles eight or ten feet from the ground), the ladder broke and he fell and severely injured his leg. He suffered much from this injury and never fully recovered from it, al- though after a time he continued his work as resolutely as ever. But when he returned to America on his last furlough in December, 1915, it was evident that his physical strength was seriously waning. In Feb- ruary, 1916, while on a journey from Wooster, Ohio, to visit an invalid son in Louisiana, he had to change cars late at night in Alliance, and while quietly waiting in the railway station for his train, he was wantonly attacked by three men who beat him, threw him upon the ground and robbed him of all the money he had with him. "Thus the

American heathen," he wrote, "handled me more roughly than I ever suffered from the Siamese heathen and embarrassed us somewhat in the beginning of our furlough."

As the end of his furlough drew near, his physicians frankly advised him and the Board that his remaining time on earth was likely to be short, but he pleaded to be allowed to return and to die among the people whom he loved and for whose evangelization he ha.d consecrated his life. 'Ve bade him good-bye, sorrowing that we should see his face no more. ·When he reached Bangkok, he was welcomed with glad acclaim by the ·whole city. Missionaries, foreigners in diplomatic and commercial life, and Siamese, from the King to the man in the street, showed him signal honor. His Siamese friends of their own accord had raised a fund with which they had purchased a comfortable residence for him in Bangkok, and they besought him to make that his home for the remainder of his days. But to all pleas he replied: "Yes, but I must be at liberty to visit the jungles when I feel that I must carry the Gospel to regions beyond"; and he insisted on at least visiting Tap Teang, near Trang, the station which he himself had founded in 1910 and. for which he had secured the funds during one of his furloughs. At this writing we have not heard where he was when he died, but it probably was at this station.

Newcastle, Pennsylvania, where he was born June 8, 1848, 'Vestminster College and ·Western Theological Seminary, at which he was graduate9- in 1871 and 1874, respectively, have reason to count themselves honored in sending forth this great apostle to the Gentiles. The Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, which appointed him a missionary in 1874, and the Siam Mission which he joined the following year, will always revere the memory of this noble servant of God who was associated with them for nearly half a century. The people of Siam will long remember the man who labored for their temporal and spiritual welfare with such distinguished efficiency and unselfishness; and the bereaved wife and children have a rich heritage of blessing in the memory of such a husband and father. It was a gracious privilege to be permitted to walk with such a man to the very edge of the valley, which was shadow for us but not for him, and to realize that, while we stand wistfully upon its brink, he journeyed calmly on to see face to face the King in His beauty whom on earth' he had so tenderly and so devotedly loved.

·What a welcome must have been his as he entered the gates of the Heavenly City! After all his toils in this world, he is now "* * * Walking close with Him In festal robes beyond the sunrise fair, And dowered with the beauty of the Lord.

*** From all his toils for Him he rests in Him, And all his works for Him do follow him."

The Situation in German Foreign

BY REV. K. A. MODEN, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN BEFORE the war, the Evangelical Societies in Germany conducted prosperous missionary work in China, Japan, India, in the South . Sea Islands and in the English and German colonies in Africa. During the three years of war the various societies have, naturally, sustained heavy losses, and the hardships and sufferings of the missionaries have in certain cases been severe. Nevertheless, the work in these fields has not been entirely destroyed or discontinued.

At the outbreak of the war the connection between the missionaries and their native land could be kept up with difficulty and in certain cases it was impossible. The missionaries were for the most part removed from their stations and interned or sent home to Germany. Many of them were by and by permitted to return from the places where they were interned to their mission stations, where they now are allowed to continue their work.

The experiences of the German missionaries in India were all the more pmnful, as German missions have been prosecuted there so long. From there all the mission workers who were German citizens were sent away. There were 137 missionaries, 116 wives of missionaries, 36 lady missionaries, and_179 children. Eight missionaries are still kept interned there. Then there remain only 26 missionaries, 18 wives of missionaries, and 8 lady missionaries to continue the work. These are not German citizens, although they have been engaged by German societies.

In Japan the missionaries have been permitted to remain at their stations, and under strict supervision are permitted to carryon their work According to recent information, they_ are not allowed to send letters abroad or to receive such from other lands.

In a recent publication ("Das Kriegserlebnis der deutschen Mission im Lichte der Heiligen Schrift"), Missionsdirektor Carl Alenfeld, Berlin, describes the present situation of the German missions as follows: "If we sum np the whole in order to get a vivid picture we must say that the work is greatly handicapped, nay almost ruined in Kamerun and in the greater part of German East Africa, except in the northeastern part of this colony and in the northern part of Togo. In the other German colonies, however, the work goes on, though embarrassed through -many restrictions; for instance, in South Togo, German Southwest Africa, Kaiser Wilhelms Land, and Kioochow (China). Among the great mission fields in the British colonies, India has suffered most. But there it has in all the mission fields been possible to gC't substitutes, at least w11ile the war continues, for the German missionaries, so that t11e existenre of the congregations and the churches which are being constituted seems not to be seriously menaced. From some smaller English colonies the German missionaries have

been sent away, as from Hongkong, North Borneo, and Volta Dreieck. But here only a few missionaries are concerned. On the other hand, mission work can still be prosecuted, although with many restrictions, in the whole of South Africa, on the Gold Coast, in the North of Aus- tralia, and all American colonies of Great Britain."

Lately China has declared war against Germany. The conse- quence of this must be that the troubles of the German missionaries there are increased. They number 324, wives of missionaries and lady workers included. Before China's declaration of war they had great liberty to prosecute their work. What has happened since is still unknown.

The war has caused the mission a heavy loss also in another way. Among the missionaries who were summoned to military service there were already a year ago 42 prisoners of war, 167 wounded and 157 killed. In addition, 52 sons of mission leaders and missionaries were killed. According to later information, about 400 missionaries and missionary volunteers are summoned into military service, 68 are in hospitals, and 120 are prisoners of war in various countries, viz.: 25 in France, 12 in Russia~ 9 in England, 1 on ~faIta, 41 in Africa, 30 in Asia, and 2 in Australia.

But after all storms that have swept over the missions about 1,000 German missionaries are still working in the various fields. And nearly 200 of the missionaries who now are in Germany are given opportunity to preach the Gospel among their fellow-countrymen and to the prisoners of war. For the support of those who are still in the fields and a great many of those who have to remain home, the several mission societies are responsible. To solve this problem the boards and the mission societies are compelled to give themselves to incessant work, great selfdenial and fervent prayers. As an example of what they are doing for the mission under existing circumstances, we may mention that of the J~eipzig Society, whose work in India and German East Africa suffers from great disturbances, yet in the year 1915 collected 536,000 marks and during 1916, 614,000 marks. Last New Year the society, strange to say, had a balance in its funds. This surplus is, however, outweighed by the loans which the missionaries in Africa were compelled to take because money could not be sent to them from their society. Besides, the mission societies have had troubles on account of the great sinking in value of the German mark.

But the friends of the mission have not been without encouragement in: their work. Very joyful reports have come from South Africa. The missionaries of the Hermannsburg Society, who are working there, could complete church buildings during the year 1916 and pay debts on them. A great many converts have joined the churches organized by the Rhenish Society. The mission work which this society carries on in the M:entarvei Islands and Kaiser Wilhelms r~and seems now

THE SITUATION IN GERMAN FOREIGN MISSIONS

to be leading to the result that paganism there is ready to collapse. And among the Battak tribes in Sumatra there have been great revivals. These occurrences are rays of light that penetrate the darkness, which the shadow of the war cast over the German mission work.

To arrange for the work in the churches from which the mis· sionaries had been sent away was not an easy task. But mainly this problem has been solved satisfactorily. Thus the Leipzig Society has entrusted its old field among the Tamils in India to the Swedish State Church Mission. The churches on this field have about 21,400 memo bers. The Swiss missionaries who were in the service of the Basel Society are still at their stations; but recently steps have been taken by this society and friends of the mission in Switzerland to organize a new society there with its seat at Berne. This new society will engage the Swiss missionaries in its service. In many places the native pastors are entirely responsible for the care of the churches. This for instance is the case in that part of India where the Gossner Missionary Society is working among the Kols. The churches, which have about 80,000 members, are now ministered to by 43 native pastors. The important educational work of that society has been put under the leadership of the Anglican Bishop Westcott at Chota Nagpur.

In the autumn of the year 1913 a society was constituted in Ger· many which is called Deut8che Evangeli8che Mi88ion8-Hil/e. Its aim is to unite the German societies in mutual support. It may be said that it was organized at an opportune moment. After the outbreak of war most of the societies have joined it, so that it now consists of almost aU societies in Germany. Missions-Hilfe has no mission of its OWIl, but its aim is to awaken, tend and promote a common interest for mission work. In its report for the year 1916 Missionsdirektor A. W. Schreiber, Berlin, who has written it, says that an Oriental and Islam Committee was constituted March 1, 1916, which comprises all German charitable work in the Orient, and that a Committee for East Asia was appointed September 28, 1916. Of the first committee, he says: "The greatest and most important work has been ·done by the Islam Committee, the existence of which is due to the Oriental confer· ence of October 9, 1915, which was arranged by the Missions·Hilfe, and at which it was decided to present a petitioIl to the Chancellor of the German Empire with regard to the situation of the Oriental Chris· tians, especially the Armenians. The circumstances in the Orient put the charitable work there face to face with very difficult problems handled with great discretion in view of the current opinion 'about German Christendom abroad and the political import of the questions concerned. But that did not hinder some members of the committee from sending out an appeal calling for aid to the Armenians, in which they, without regard to merit or worthiness, begged for a Samaritan service to the dying Christian people. Funds were collected under the

auspices of the Missions-Hilfe_ At the end of the year 1916 a sum of 36,000 mark had been raised, to which 1,577 donors had contributed."

As this autumn 400 years have elapsed since Martin Luther posted his 95 theses about the indulgence, which gave rise to the German Reformation, the Missions-Hilfehas sent out a proposal that the memory of the reformation might be celebrated in the mission fields as well as in Germany October 31st or November 4th. Many societies responded to the proposal, so that the jubilee was celebrated generally in the German evangelical mission fields.

The contributions to the societies are naturally reduced on account of the war. Tens of thousands of mission supporters have been killed, made invalids or prisoners of war. And great numbers of persons who regularly used to contribute to the missions are at the fronts and can give only very little or nothing.

The German missions are now struggling hard to maintain their future existence. And one cannot watch their efforts without being reminded of a word by St. Paul which may be applicable to our German mission friends. Like him, they can surely say': ""Ve are troubled on every side, yet not distressed; we are perplexed, but not in despair; persecuted, but not forsaken; cast down, but not destroyed."

There are now dark days for German missions; but after the night passes we believe that a day of hope will come and German missions will once more be permitted to. carryon the work that they so efficiently conducted in the past.

A PRAYER.

(Found on the fly-leaf of the Bible of a missionary, who died in Africa.) Laid on Thine altar, 0 my Lord Divine, Accept this gift today for Jesus' sake.

r have no jewels to adorn Thy shrine, Nor any worId-famed sacrifice to make: But here r bring within my trembling hand This will of mine, a thing that seemeth small- And Thou alone, 0 Lord, canst understand How when I yield Thee this r yield mine all.

Hidden therein Thy searching eye can see Struggles of passion, visions of delight; All that r have, or am, or fain would be; Deep loves, fond hopes, and longings infinite. It hath been wet with tears and dimmed with sighs, Clenched in my grasp till beauty hath it none! Now from Thy foot-stool where it vanquished lies, The prayer ascendeth-may Thy will be done! Take it, 0 Father, ere my courage fail, And merge it so in Thine own will that e'en If in some desperate hour my cries prevail, And Thou give back my gift, it may have been So changed, so purified, so fair have grown, So one with Thee, so filled with peace divine, r may not know or feel it as mine own, But gaining back my will may find it Thine.

Jews in The Present

BY REV. SABETI B. ROHOLD, F.R. G. S., TORONTO, CANADA. President of the American Hebrew Christian Alliance and Superintendent of the Christian Synagogue, Toronto, Canada N o people have been so greviously affected by this world·war as have the Jews. The sufferingA of Belgium and Servia, and even the massacres of the Armenians., hav£> not exceedea, if they have equalled, the misery of the Jews in the Eastern and Southern war zones. Among all the pressing calls which crowd upon the Christian, none more deserves sympathy than that which comes from Israel. Scattered throughout. the world, and again massed in the very crater of the world-war, they are passing in truth through the "Valley of the Shadow." At the same time the world-struggle is 'searching the very vitals of the race, stirring its energies, revolutionizing its life and transforming its outlook. Seven hundred and fifty thonsand Jewish soldiers are engaged in the contest, Jew being often engaged in mortal combat with Jew. Foul' millions of them, men, women and children; strong .an~ weak, are haunted hy the thundering cannon and driven into the wasted roads, marshy fields and wild forests. They ha.ve been terrorized into abandoning land, stock and treasure in order to save their lives. Starvation faces them everywhere and until the recent capture of Jerusalem there was no "Promised Land" in sight. Even now it may be a long way off. Is Israel's tragedy "nothing to you, all ye that pass by?"

The American Hebrew of September 29, 1916, published an article by that brilliant Jewish savant, Dr. Max Nordau, in which he w~rns his people not to be deceived by false hopes. He says: "Anti-Semites of every country are constantly casting in the teeth of the Jews that they have no home country. Of these 'homeless' people about 700,000 are afield in the'different belligerent countries, According to a rough estimate, some 60,000 of them have died in. battle.

"In France and in England they are officers by the hundreds, attaining in many cases high positions. Even exclusive Germany has widely opened to them the ranks of her body of officers. They have earned more than 2,000 crosses of the Legion of Honor, war crosses and military medals in France, three Victoria Crosses (V. C.), besides nUmerous Distinguished Conduct Medals (D. C. M.), in England; more than 8,000 Iron Crosses in Germany, where the civil authorities forbid papers the publication of the names of the heroes to whose breast the military commanders attach the sign of valor. * * * "Each of the belligerent peoples promises itself, as the outcome of victory, territorial gains, enrichment, power, domination, fame. The Jewish people alone has nothing to expect for itself from the heroism of its sons, not even the acknowledgment of the fact that everywhere it has proved itself exemplarily state-supporting, that everywhere it has shown itself loyal and faithful unto death to its native country, even there where it had always been cruelIy and abjectly persecuted."

This was, however, before the declaration of the British Government concerning the return of the Jews to Palestine. Another Jew, the Hon. L. D. Brandeis, tells us that no less than 500,000 Jews have lost their lives since the war started, either on the battlefield or by the invading armies, or through exposure and starvation. By the devastation of the Jewish colonies hundreds of thousands have lost their business and properties.

The Jewish people, however, look upon the year 1917 as "the year of liberation." Writers and thinkers of international repute have declared that the sudden fall of the Romanoff's, the unexpected ava- lanche that leveled the walls of the greatest of Ghettos-"is a freedom from bondage, greater than that of Egypt." They believe that it is the beginning of the real emancipation of the Jewish people, which will result in their attainment of national aspirations, and some even believe in their '(na-tional independence."

Dr. S. M. Melamed, editor of the American Jewish Ohronicle, in a review of the "Past Years in Jewish History," says: "When the sun rose on the first of Tishri, 5677, it saw a vast valley of tears in the east; it saw a people hemmed in between two long rows of fire· spitting guns; it saw a people struggling in its own blood and fighting desperately for a last breath of life. Nothing indicated that the future had relief in store for that agonized people. The arch-enemy of seven million Jews-Czar- dom-was as strong as ever; its criminal agents continued to oppress our brethren mercilessly and heartlessly, persecuting them with the passion of the angry beast, and making their miserable lives one long agony. When the sun rose on the twenty-eighth of Ellul to bring light and warmth on the last day of the year 5677, it saw an entirely different panorama. The great valley of tears, horrible and terrible to see, was turned into a valley of hope and expectation; Czardom was broken and crushed; its criminal agents wiped out and pushed aside; the light of freedom kindled; and millions of our brethren, living corpses only a year ago, full of activity, full of life, full of hope and action."

The same view is taken by.practically the whole of the Jewish press. Of course, no one can attempt to prophesy the future of Russia. Occupying more than half of Europe, and nearly two-fifths of Asia, its sw~ep includes the cradle of the A]'yan race and the home lands of Oriental civilization-Slav, Pole,Lithuanian, Latin, Iranian, Kuranian, Armenian, Finn, Samoyed, Turko·Tartan Tingutz, MangolD. Geor- gians, Yukaghirs and Chukchio are all living on native heath. These all have the mark of a thousand years of Czardom.

Under the old regime in Russia, Zionists were treated as enemies. They could not hold meetings and its propagandists were severely dealt with. What a wonderful change took place in the first revolution, when not only leading ministers, including Kerensky, sent messages expressing their good-will, but an order was issued permitting Jewish soldiers to send delegates to the Zionist Congress and offering them free transportation and monetary aid.

A year ago Jews were not only barred from all public offices, but were even refused' the right of citizenship. Now note the change:

THE JEWS IN THE PRESENT CRISIS

"Homel elected 37 Jewish Councillors;; Slutzk, 19; Zhitomir, 12; Krelllenchuk, 14; Tchernicoff, 11; Poltava, 8; Veliz, 8; Mosir, 5; Alexandrovsk, 10; Kertch, 4; Tambave, 3; Unman. 5; Tiflis. 4; Tula, 3; Starikin, Tashkent, Revel and Walki all elected Jewish Council- lors. Even Kiev, where Jews were excluded under the old regime, has so completely repented that she, too, elected eleven Jews as Coun- cillors. A number of Jews were appointed Judges. The universities, from which Jews were excluded, unless men apostatized and women secured the yellow ticket, not only opened their doors, but many Jews were appointed as professors. The revolutionists recognized that there are Jews in Russia of high calibre and education who are able to fill the most important offices of State.

Nevertheless, all is not well with the Jew in Russia. Since the counter revolution took place there have been reports of more pogroms in which life and property were lost. The Black Hundred are still busy with their nefarious work of maligning, slandering and mali- ciously inciting the ignorant peasants against the Jews. The Jew is still the "scapegoat" and has to suffer untold agonies. The severe Russian winter has now claimed a large toll from a people whose nerves have been shattered by these three and one-half years of fright- . tulness. The condition of the Russian Jewry is too horrible to describe.

THE JEWS AND PALESTINE The catastrophe that befell Palestine as a result of the war is hard to realize. A century's aspirations, labors and fortunes of Jew- ish colonists were annihilated in a brief time. This was enough to break the spirit of any people, and yet the possibilities of the Jewish hope in Palestine have never been brighter. A great change is com- . ing, but the Jewish attitude is pitiable, for they have no "Morning Star" to guide them.

A very conservative estimate is that during the past century not less than $500,000,000 has been spent on Palestine. Besides the millions spent by the merchant princes in Israel, the Rothschilds, the Montefiores, the Montagues, the Moccattes and by the Jewish Colonization and other Zionistic societies, practically all Jews in the world have a little box with "Great Alms for Palestine" written Qn it. It is looked upon as a meritorious act to put money in that box, which goes towards keeping .of the Jewry in Palestine. '

The emigration into Palestine was on an average of 2,000 Jews a year during the past fifty years. The cruel destruction of the Jewish colonies is revealed by eye witnesses. And Dr. Glazebrook, the American Consul at Jerusalem, who had charge of the Relief Fund, said: "The Jews of Palestine knew not where to look for help, except to America. The need today is greater than it ever has been before, necessarily so because of the economic condition of Turkey and the civil condition of Turkey must become necessarily more and more desperate. The acreage of Turkey under cultivation last year was about sixty per cent. of its usual acreage.

That sixty per cent. was diverted to the support of the Turkish army, so that help must come to the population from some other place than Turkey. There are about forty thousand Jews in Jerusalem (before the war there was double that number). One-fourth of the population of Jerusalem died from starvation, and from disease."

But the suffering of the Jews in Palestine has not shattered their hope to establish a national home in the Holy Land. The outlook for this bas never been brighter and its possibility was never nearer actually being attained than it is tOday. The encouragements received from leading statesmen have made them bold to put their demand in a concrete form. Almost from the moment when Turkey entered the war the conviction came to the Jews the worlu over that the end of their exile ,vas drawing nigil. TIle Jewish Chronicle of October 12, 1917, tells us: "Jewish Nationalism-is no secret-has been the subject of discussion in Allied Governments and has, in particular it is known, engaged the attention of the Government of this country, with what result-even it any has been reached-is, however, not known. But it is obvious that every success of the Allies over Turkish arms must be of supreme interest to Jews. For Palestine, the disposition of which as part of the Turkish Empire the war is deciding, is bound up with Jewish destiny and Jewish destiny with Palestine. * * *"

Two great events have since then maue Jewish hearts beat very fast. The British army has actually captured Jerusalem as well as the historic and almost impregnable city of Gaza, and the sacred shrines of Beersheba and Hebron. And last November, two Jewish rabbis who had never spoken to me before be,cause I was a Jewish missionary, stopped me with these words: "Kumt-Aherrl (come here). You are from Jerusalem anu we have heard you know all about Palestine. ""Vill you tell us where Gaza and Beersheba are, and how far is the British army from our Holy City? And will the British drive dem Turkish Amalak out,?" I brought Armstrong's large map of Palestine and for nearly an hour I explained the map to them. A crowd gathered around and listened, forgetting that I was a missionary. This incident shows where the Jewish heart lies.

The momentous letter written by the Right Hon. Arthur J. Balfour, the British Minister of Foreign Affairs, to the Right Hon. Lord Rothschild, has already been quoted in these columns: "The Government views with favor the establishment of Palestine as a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing will be done that may prejudice the civil or religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine."

Mr. Balfour adds that this declaration of sympathy with the Jewish Zionist aspirations has been submitted to and approved by the Cabinet. The Jewish Chronicle commenting on Mr. Balfour's letter says: "With one step the Jewish cause has made a great bound forward-it is the perceptible lifting of the cloud of centuries; a palpable sign that the Jew-condemned for two thousand years by unparalleled wrong-is at last coming to his right. He

THE JEWS IN THE PRESENT CRISIS

is .to be given the opportunity and means by which in place of being a hyphen- ~tlOn he can beC~)I11C .a n.atio~l, in ~)lace of being a wanderer in every clime there 15 to be a home tor hlll1 111 h15 anClent land. The day of his exile is to be ended." Ye~, poor Isnlel, thy leaders say "The day of exile is ended!"

but thpl'e il-l none to guide thee. The internal difficulties are by far greater than the external. 'Vhile leadiug statesmen in different coun- tries have shown sympathy to the national tendencies of the Zionist, SHell ,Jewish leaders as Claude G. Montefiore, D. L. Alexander, Dr.

IsraPl Ahraham and Sir Philip Magnus have printed pamphlets de- nouneing these nationalists as dangerous to Jewry.

The two factions are so distinct and determined that it wil'l prove a very delicate problem to settle. One faction holds that Judaism is a religion, a system of life and thought, and nothing else; that it no more interferes with full absorption into the nationality of any coun- try than the profession of Catholicism, Methodism or Presbyterianism interferes with a man being an Englishman, a l"renchman or an Ameri- can. Another powerful body, large in numbers and intelIt'etually strong, insists that Jewry is not a religion, but a nation which has lost its fatherland and is a wanderer on the face of the earth. These look for the return to Z;ion, and hope that the issue of the war will restore them in some measure to the patrimony of which they· were disinherited nearly two thousand Yl'ars ago. There is still another powerful faction, the assimilators, who do not want either ~ionisll1 or ,Tudaism.

A cOlllment of· the Dail:1J N ow·~ is illuminating: "Down the centuries the stream of Jewry flows through all nations, preserving a separation, an identity of physical and mental characteristics and an individuality of outlook that has no parity in the story of any other religion.

We understand that those who are opposed to setting up anything like a Jewish State in Palestine are afraid that it will tend to denationalise them in other lands. They want to preserve their religion, they do not want to preserve their racial exclusiveness. They wish to disappear racially and to be simply English- men or Frenchmen or Germans or Americans, professing a particular faith and preserving an ancient scheme of life. .. But the Zionists in all lands are pressing upon the Allies their claim to be a nation and their desire to see the land of their fathers, albeit their remote fore- fathers, restored to them, if not absolutely, then under such guarantees of good government and just control as will secure to them freedom of life and liberty of worship. They believe that a nation without a fatherland is an anomaly that is good neither for the nation nor for the world, and that much of the antagonism which exists towards the Jews would disappear if the race had "a local habita- tion and a name." This is probably true, and it is not unlikely that the rehabili- tation of the nation would tend to hasten the disappearance of the merely re- bli<~Ytwioeues ncurletmoafinJiundgaiJsemwsinanodthbeer ilnagndfsu.llyJeawnds would have to make their choice completely absorbed in other na- tional communities. In a word, we are not sure that Zionism would not prove the solution of that obstinate problem of this wandering race that has perplexed the world for so many centuries. Whatever the decision of the Allies in regard to Palestine, it can hardly fail to improve the conditions and enlarge the lib- erty of life in Palestine, and if the Jews in large numbers choose to take advantage of the fact, the object of Zionism will in due time be accomplished

and the Jewish nation will live again under its own vine and fig tree. When that happens, the Jewish problem that afflicts the rest of the world will tend to disappear." .

For nearly three years the American Jewry was in a turmoil over the seemingly burning question of a .Tewish Congress. Literally, tons of literature was printed, with most wonderful hair-splitting argu- ments, for and against, denouncing, abusing and threatening. At last a peaceless peace was patched up, with the great result (we are told by a Jewish editor) that {(the Congress was buried alive/) The editor, Herman Bernstein, of the American Hebrew) says in despair: "The Jews of America, talking of their duties and responsibilities to their brethren abroad, are split into many groups, groping in the dark, denouncing one another, belittling one another, shouting for unity and working against it. In the conflict between Zionism, Nationalism the Congress movement, the National Workmen's Committee and the American Jewish Committee, the Jewish people remains the victim. The Jewish people will be the sufferers because of these internal quarrels, disputes and attacks."

The voices which we hear from within Israel are strange, but they are of utmost importance. Chief Rabbi Dr. M. Gaster made this remarkable statement: "The problem in future for the Jew is involved in this enormous revolution which the war is going to effect. Where will the Jew, alien in nationality everywhere, find his niche? There must be a difficult situation created for the Jew, and the alternative that events are bound to place before him will be the alternative of assimilation or annihilation. The difficulty of assimilation, on the one hand, and the unthinkableness of annihilation on the other create a terrible dilemma for the Jew after the war. You see how enormous and far-reach- ing is the Jew's problem. * * *"

"If there have been forces attracting Jews from devoting their minds, their spirits, their energies to Jewry, so there have been forces within Jewry repelling those men and inducing them to devote themselves to the services of peoples outside Jewry. If you start killing your prophets in the Temple, it ought not to be astonishing that those who are able to prophesy do so elsewhere than in the Temple. It seems to me, however, that one of the essential things for Jews to understand and appreciate, to recognize and face, is the impossibility of absolute unity in Jewry. We constantly prate of Jewish unity. We constantly urge unthinkingly that the voice of Jewry should be one. The thing is impossible. Let us realise facts. There are two separate camps in Jewry, two separate cultures, two diverse aspirations, one of the East and one meandering along the shallows in the West."

We need not comment on the above. What a sad state of affairs!

One of the greatest changes that should come in the Jewish world is in their attitude toward Hebrew Christians. They too need to learn the meaning of toleration and of religious liberty.

JUDAISM AND LIBERTY The old notions about the exclusiveness of the Jew and his power to withstand all the forces of assimilative influences, do not now hold good. Mr. Israel Zangwill made a remarkable statement:

THE JEWS IN THE PRESENT CRISIS

"If the Jews were left to themselves-if the Christians granted to them freedom-they (the Jews) would, in the course of a few generations, merge into Christianity. * * * But for this, Christianity is not Christian enough."

But here is something more remarkable. The well-known Jewish philanthropist, Mr. J aoob H. Schiff, was one of those "Americans of the Jewish persuasion" who opposed Zionism because of its national aspirations. Not long ago, while delivering an address before the League of Jewish Youth, at New York, he claimed to be converted to Zionism. Dr. David Philipson, of Oincinnati, one of the great Re- formed Jewish leaders, after reading reports of that address, wrote to Mr. Schiff in great alarm, expressing dissension from the idea that Judaism would disintegrate in a free country. He says: "If England should conquer Palestine, it is a wild dream to imagine that the Christian nations of the world will permit the establishment of an independent Jewish State in Palestine and give to the Jews the most sacred Christian places associated with the life of Jesus of Nazareth. Palestine at most will be free and open to Jews and all others who desire to settle there under a joint protectorate of Allied Powers, but an autonomous Jewish Government is most unlikely. The modern spirit will transform life in Palestine also, and the Jews and Judaism there will be subject to influences similar to those at work in other free lands. If Judaism cannot survive in a free Russia, it will not be able to survive in a free Palestine."

Mr. Schiff replied that the history of Judaism in the midst of political and religious freedom showed a steady decline in Jewish customs and religion. He continued: "Feeling in this respect as I lio, and hJ.vin6" come to the conclusion that a remedy for existing conditions may possibly be found in the repopulation of Palestine by the Jewish people, I continue at the same time of the opinion that no effort should be made to re-establish a Jewish nation. because I believe were thi.s done, the very purpose which is in my mind would become destroyed. I believe that from 50 per cent. to 75 per cent. of the so-called Jewish Nationalists are either atheists or agnostics, and that the great majority of Jewish Nationalist leaders have absolutely no interest in the Jewish religion. Conditions in this respect are already-before a Jewish nation has actually been established, as is the desire of the Jewish Nationalists-the same as those which existed when the Jewish State was an actuality and when priest and prophet were ever in disagreement and feud with kingdom and State, and which led in the end to the State's destruction. This would surely happen again were a Jewish State again established."

ISRAEr/s SPIRITUAL CONDITION Here are proofs of the confusion, the sad and hopelessly chaotic outlook, even of the Jewish leaders. The conviction grows that the war has brought before the Christian Ohurch a very great missionary problem and a supreme opportunity for Jewish missionary work. Even before the war Jewish literature contained many frank and startling admissions about the inroads being made by Ohristianity into Judaism. We are told that the synagogue has lost its power, that the fate of Jewish orthodoxy is sealed, that the de-Judaizing tendency has gone too far to be stopped.

The war is intensifying all that, and the Jewish press of the day gives evidence of a growing conviction that Jewish destiny is in the balance; it shows that official Judaism and Jewish leaders are conscious of what is at stake and alive to the disintegrating forces let loose by the war on the Jewish world. To quote a Jewish writer: "Jewish education, culture, mental energy and spiritual expanding, and all that goes to comprise Judaism-these have been battered well nigh to death by the war, and in that has the war hit us Jews above all peoples terribly."

Sir Francis Montefiore, who has been president of the English Zionists since the inception of the movement, remarks that Judaism is a mere question of sect and the present political crisis is more important than Judaism. He confesses that While he was president of the Zionist Association he did not lmow what it really was.

THE OUTLOOK The world has not yet learned any great lesson out of this groaning agony and flood of blood; and suffering and bleeding Israel has not changed. 1'he "Rock of Ages" is still to them a stone of stumbling and a rock of offence. The stubborn, persistent cry still is: "We will not have this Man to reign over us."

But there are unmistakable signs of momentous importance and imminent changes. There is a growing tenderness, sympathetic interest und kindly feeling towards the Jewish people throughout Christendom. 1'he Spirit of God has touched the hearts of many of His children. In many cases prayer circles have been established and at least three new missions have been organized: one in London, England; one at Seattle and one in Brooklyn. The British societies are I)1aldng great efforts towards preparing themselves for extensive work amongst the Jews as soon as the war closes. A volume of prayer is now ascending to God on behalf of Israel, the result of which can hardly be overestimated.

The Jewish people as a whole seem to have given up their usual lightheartedness-the so-called Ghetto humor-and have become a little more serious when speaking of the things of God. The wild cry that filled the Jewish press at the beginning of the war, proving "the failure of Christianity," because Christian nations are warring, has entirely ceased; and instead, the failure of man is now being admitted by them. The open reviling and slandering of the name of Jesus is disappearing, and is entirely gone among the more enlightened: The spirit of honest inquiry and seeking after the truth has not only increased a hundredfold, but it is nothing short of a phenomenon. There has never been a greater demand for the Bible than at the present time.. The a.wakening of the Hebrew Christians to the momentousness of the times and to Israel's great needs, their longings and efforts to be united in a definite testimony, are indeed epOCh-making.

Children of Kansas Mining

BY REV. ]. T. HARTMAN A Sabbath School Missionary in Kansas . THE mining camp has furnished the scene for many thrilling stories, and the setting for many books of fiction. In the mining camp of fiction, children play no part, but in the Kansas mining camps, cllildren are a conspicuous reality. They fill the little homes and crowd the schoolhouses. To the credit of the great State of Kansas, it may be said that she proyides the best of school privileges, the best of teachers, and modern buildings and equipment for every camp. But to meet the religious needs of these communities is an acute problem.

Up to three years ago practically nothing had been done. It is in- consistent with the progressive development of Kansas that such spirit- ual neglpct should characterize this section of the State. But recently with the help of Mr. A. A. Hyde, the well-known ,Yichita manufacturer of "lIentholatum," a more hopeful story can be written. 'Vith that fore- sight and insight which mark all of his many benevolences, :Mr. Hyde projected a plan which proved practicable, and gave promise of imme- diate and lasting results. Sabbath schools were to be organized wher- ever needed, and then attached to the nearest evangelical churches, which were to foster them, and provide leaders and teachers. In Neosho Presbytery, southeastern Kansas, the rapid growth of the coal mining industry has brought many new towns into existence. This was chosen as the field for introducing the plan.

Good results work both ways. Primarily, the purpose is to help the needy field, but in doing this the church which is interested is itself benefited. Many churches have capable young people and efficient lay- men, whose talents lie idle and unused until brought into contact with the scores and hundreds of needy people of many nationalities among the mine workers and their families. An illustration of the results such efforts bring is found in one church organization which was doing a half-hearted work, but as they came in touch with a school organized in a nearby field, the church was revived, new enthusiasm was aroused, and the spiritual life of the church was deepened. The building was moved midway between the two points, and is now reaching both com- munities, doing triple its former work.

Another city church which was not noted for activity either within or without its own walls, adopted a new policy in line with the above plan. The following clipping from a daily newspaper reveals something of the transformation which followed: "The Good Fellows Class, an organization of one hundred men of the church, will provide Christmas trees for the various missions. Between eight hundred and one thousand children will share in these treats. The church now has six out-stations, two community centers and two employed helpers."

A Sabbath school was organized in a small needy camp, but the interest soon ceased and the school died. At last, after long persuasion, a neighboring church was induced to send workers there. The school took on new life and about that time a new mine was opened. The camp grew, the school prospered, preaching services were provided, and as a result of revival meetings more than fifty people made a profession.

'rhey were organized into a church, which is doing a much needed work in the community.

In a new town which was found to be without a Sabbath school there was no suitable meeting place, as the nearest school building was two miles away. A store-room, used for storing a family's house- hold goods, was at last discovered, and was secured for Sabbath-school and week-night services. The weather was cold, so a kitchen stove was pressed into service. The family chairs, supplemented with boxes, nail- kegs and counters were used for seating the audience. Family lamps supplied the light. A cottage organ furnished the music, and a refrig- erator was used for the pulpit. There was no Presbyterian church with- in miles, but a church of another denomination a few miles away was easily induced to foster this promising field. They now have an enthusiastic Sabbath school and regular preaching.

In another small village a school was organized and placed in charge of a young man from a distant city church. He was faithful for a whole year, through the heat of summer and the cold of winter. Then he decided to give his entire time to the Lord's work. He resigned a good position, reluctantly gave up the Sabbath school, and entered a training school. During his superintendency of the school he had trained a few workers who were able to keep the Sabbath school going during his absence. The young man finished his course, and is now pastor of a good church. Recently some Mormon teachers visited the little village for the purpose of spreading their belief, and the residents, in haste, 'phoned the Sabbath-school missionary to come out and hold services to counteract the Mormon influence. The meetings were at- tended with a lively interest, and now they have asked for the organi- zation of a church. .

Southridge, Kansas, was a new town, with no schoolhouse. When . one was completed, the Sabbath school was held there, and occasional preaching services were conducted by the missionary until more regular services could be arranged. The mother of one Ohristian family was elected Superintendent of the Sabbath school and the daughter, an ac- complished young lady, was appointed the primary teacher and organ- ist. Soon a church organization was needed, and was duly organized with thirty-three charter members. They are now completing a beauti- ful bungalow church building at the cost of $4,000, and have their own regular pastor.

In this work of linking these needy fields with neighboring churches, one of the most encouraging results is the direct influence it

THE CHILDREN OF KANSAS MINING CAMPS

has upon the workers who go out to lead and teach. They become wonderfully enthused and strengthened in their Christian lives and service. They carry this spirit back into their churches and inspire others by telling their experiences. Three such workers are now studying for the ministry, one has actually taken a pastorate, and two others have taken up active Christian work, devoting all their time to it.

It is a source of much comfort also to see dozens of automobiles, formerly used for pleasure riding on the Sabbath, now used every Sabbath in taking workers to out-stations and missions; and one of the best features of this sort of service is to observe the genuine pleasure which it seems to give the owners of the cars.

In the past three years. a marked change has taken place in the moral condition of the mining camps; so much so, that it is the cause of comment by traveling men and others who make periodical visits to these places. These changes are noticeable in the decrease in the number of saloons and other evil resorts, and in the restraint put upon various forms of vice. The night crowds on the interurban cars are quieter, the numerous "movies" are giving a better grade of pictures, the neighborhood and public hall dances are not as disreputable as formerly, and the conditions in general are greatly improved. As light dispels darkness, just as truly does the coming of the Sabbath school cast a benign, helpful, enlightening influence over the life of a community.

OUR PRESENT OPPORTUNITY.

FROM AN ADDRESS BY DR. JOHN R. MOTT.

"For the twelve months following the entry of the United States into the war the gifts from this country for absolutely unselfish ob- jects, such as the Red Cross, the Christian Associations, relief of stricken nations, welfare funds, but not including national loans, de- nominational gifts or education, will be at least $330,000,000. In no year before the war did America give for such causes as much as $30,- 000,000. We have nothing to boast about. That is only aoout three dollars and a little more per capita, whereas I visited cities in Canada within a few weeks where they were giving now, in the fourth year of the war, fourteen dollars per capita for every man, woman and child." *** "The very fact that everything is up-heaving means we are going to have a period of unexampled reconstruction. The very fact that the world is bearing impossible burdens means that we are going to have the chance of our lives to lift loads. The very fact that people are suffering is going to make our generation unique in the development of heart power. The very fact that this world is embittered is going to give Christianity its chance.

"All Europe is in the melting pot. And if somebody had said to me twelve months ago, even, after my visits to Europe every year now for over twenty-five years, if somebody had said to me a year ago, 'Name the country that will be least plastic at the end of this war of the countries now in the war,' the country I would have named is the country that I will now say is the most plastic. That is Russia. The distressing events, from one point of view, that we have been observing in these recent days prove as nothing else could have proved my point, that it is the most plastic."

*** "The range of our influence and lea.dership in the world of reconstruction will be determined by the genuineness and the fullness with which we enter into fellowship with the sufferings now. In vain is it for the students of Canada and the United States to put their lives over there in Flanders and down there between Verdun and Switzerland unless we have Christian men that will build on those foundations. Shall these sacrifices, these unparalleled sacrifices, be in vain? Shall the foundations lJave been laid for a new world, and we be found unworthy or unwilling to build the structure. Certainly not. We will enter into fellowship. Of what value is it for a man to die for my sake if I do not enter in? The meaning of the cross of Christ has become more vivid and appealing to tens of millions of men in these late years. Help us to enter in. 1lay such livps of sacrifice and of reverent use of the imagination and of heroic effort be lived by uS that they will become contagious in these colleges and schools and seminaries, and then through us out in the churches and these nations."

*** "Nothing has happened in this war which has invalidated a single claim ever made by Christ or on behalf of Christ. Not a thing has taken place in the world which has weakened one of Christ's prin- ciples. Christ never was so necessary, never more so; never more unique and never more sufficient. It is a great thing by an infinite process of exclusion, like this war has been, gradually to rivet t~e attention of the world upon the Unchangeable One, tlle One who IS tlJe same yesterday, today and forever. He came not only to proclaim a message but that there might be a message to proclaim. Thank God for tile chance of tIle ages to go back into our colleges and jnto our homes and into non-Christian nations and fix attention on the Only One that has not slipped and fallen. There He stands other tllan aII ,the rest, strona amonO' the weak, erect among the fallen, cdl"ean h h • among the defiled, living among the dead-Jesus ChrIst our Lor .

BUTLER WITH HIS CHRIS'fIAN AZTEC

Tbis girl was trained by the Metbodist Mis.ion Dr. John W. Butler of Mexico"

Forty-four Years as a Missionary in Mexico BY MISS CLEMENTINA BUTLER, PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND J OHN WESLEY BUTLER went to Mexico at the age of twenty- . three, one of the youngest missionaries ever sent abroad by llis Board. For nearly half a century he devoted himself to the Mexican people with a whole heartedness which won their love and confidence to a marked degree. No question of advancement 01' honor could swerve him from his devotion, and the consciousness of this dedication is recognized by the people whom he loved as in their lament to day they say "He understood us."

At a time when misunderstanding between the United States and Mexico would have been a most serious menace to peace, the presence of such a man representing a great Evangelical Church, known and trusted by both nations, was a benediction in the capital of the troubled land. Knowing personally all the presidents of Mexico since Lerdo de Tejada, he was fortunate in being able to keep their regard without entangling himself in the politics of the country. All classes felt that his interest was for the welfare of the nation and that his wide influence was never exerted in political affairs. Zion's Herald says of him: • Dr_ Butler's earthly service closed in Mexico City last M<lrcb, after a term of forty-four years as a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church. .

"Dr. Butler was unquestionably the most influential foreigner in Mexico. This place of power he had won by his sterling character, his unselfish devotion to the people, his loyalty to the principle of the religion which he professed. He was in Mexico to help the people find Christ, to help save them from irreligion and the vices that follow in its train. The people knew this and loved him; the leaders knew it and trusted him. The place of Dr. Butler in Mexico was in consequence of this and of the pecularities of national conditions unique in many respects in the history of Methodist Episcopal missions."

Dr. William Butler, his father, was the founder of the Methodist missions in India and Mexico. When he left for India in 1856, his greatest trial was the separation from his little sons, John and his older brother William, who were left in a boarding school in Wilton, Connecticut. Almost ten years elapsed before he again saw John, but after that son and father were seldom parted.

John W. Butler was graduated from Boston University School of Theology in 1874, and proceeded immediately to Mexico where his father had opened a mission the previous year.. Entering the country so soon after the downfall of the so-called Mexican Empire, in which Maximilian of Austria was supported by French bayonets and papal prestige, and almost immediately after the death of Benito Juarez, he witnessed the strenuous efforts of the nation for the reestablishment of the republic. He stood in the railway station and saw the last of the Jesuits depart from the country which cast them out as too active in political affairs to the neglect of their spiritual duties. A nation with ninety-seven per cent. of illiteracy was not a credit to the Church which for three hundred years had controlled the schools and religious life of the people.

The Methodist mission was still persecuted, for the masses failed to understand the real motive of the American missionaries. The services were watched to see if any political propaganda was preached, but after some time Dr. Butler had the satisfaction of hearing from the lips of the President of the Republic, that after having heard the witnesses who attended the services at the Mission, they found that the Evangelicals were teaching their people to pray for the government of the nation-a course quite contrary to what they found in other gatherings.

The Mexico of that day was in need of a message of hope. Its treas- ury was almost exhausted in the struggle with Maximilian; its country divided by political parties, chief of which was the reactionary clerical party largely composed of representatives of the Roman Catholic hierarchy which held such a strong hold on the resources of the land. In 1850 Senor Lerdo made a study of the conditions, and declared that the property of the Roman Catholic Ohurch amounted to the sum of $184,000,000, with annual salaries of the priests reaching· $20,000,000_ Small wonder that Juarez stated, -after reviewing the sit- uation, that "Upon the development of Protestantism largely depends the future happiness of this country."

About this time a delegation of prominent Mexican men came to

DR. JOHN W. BUTLER OF MEXICO

New York and pled with the representatives of different Protestant Mission Boards to send missionaries to their land lest, having lost con- fidence in the present religious leadership, it should slip into irreligion.

In response to this can various societies entered the field. The Metho- dist Episcopal Mission made its headquarters in the Capital, and was fortunate enough to secure a part of the great monastery of San Fran- cisco, which covered a space equal to four city blocks, and which when sequestrated by the liberal government was found to house only sixteen monks who enjoyed aU the resources of the wonderful establishment with its great en- dowments. It was placed at the service of the people and sold in sections for various uses. The part secured by the Methodist Mission was once the pleasure palace of the Aztec Emperors. I ts varied for- tune was to become in turn a the- atre, next the temporary home of the Mexican Congress, and then a circus which failed because of the superstitious feeling of the people for its former religious use_ This varied history made its acquisition by the Mission a notable event, which,applauded by tne Liberal press, was greatly deplored by the .THE METHODIST HEADQUARTERS IN reactionary editors as a "desecra- . MEXICO CITY tion." At this hour John W . Butler came right from his theological course determined to understand the situation, and to help Mexico to rise to its high mission as a leader among the Latin-American republics, it being the first to shake off the European yoke, and to follow the United States into the democratic form of government. The influence of Mexico at that date was potent among the other countries of Central and South America.

At that time Mexico was not well understood by the people of the United States and the opinion prevailed, as it still does now, alas!

that Mexico was a land of bandits. A generous Methodist friend pre- sented the outgoing missionary with a fine pistol, but it ,,;as never used and was soon disposed of. Dr. Butler's opinion was that missionaries have no business with pistols, and his belief was justified by his more than forty years among the Mexican people.

His trips on horseback or in the old-fashioned stage coaches, which supplemented the single railway of those days, took him through the

hot country of the coast, and then up into the mountains where the Mission has stations at over 10,000 feet. He was in perils oft, and yet never received any harm from the people. On one occasion he entered late in the evening a friendly ranch, only to find soon after that it was surrounded by thousands of hostile Indians-all armed. The little company expected every moment an attack, but it turned out to he a misunderstanding, and when the Indians came to know that the foreigner who had entered was a missionary they quietly dispersed.

Dr. Butler's catholic spirit made him the friend of many priest.s who came to him, sometimes under cover of darkness, to talk of their dissatisfaction with their present teachings, and to ask for guidance. To such the Mission could hold out no promise of remunerative positions, but the Word of God was freely given, and during the years several such le(t the old Church and came into the Evangelical ministry, becoming indeed fathers to their people, though they no longer demanded the title. The friendship with Gen. Porfirio Diaz which Dr. Butler enjoyed during the 30 years of his active political prominence in Mexico, was a remarkable feature in the life of a missionary. Bishop McCabe used to relate an incident to the effect that when he accompanied him to the palace to call on the venerable President, Don Porfirio placed his hand on the shoulder of the missionary saying, "Friend John, you have not come to see me for a long time.'" Equally cordial was his relationship with the Indian people-eating their food and living in their homes on his long trips. One of his great friends among the Indians was Prince Prez, an aged Indian, a direct descendant of the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma, who now as an active member of a little Protestant church in the State of Oaxaca was a most happy Christian. His response to the invitation of Maximilian of Austria to come to Mexico City to accept a position of honor in the so-called Empire, had been, "When I go to Mexico to see an Emperor, it will be one with Mexican blood in his veins." This was often quoted by Dr. Butler as a testimony to the loyalty and patriotism of the indigenous people of Mexico.

In contradiction to the uninformed and careless newspaper writers who picture Mexico to us as a nation of bandits, some going so far as to say that 14,000,000 of them may be counted in that class, it was Dr. Butler's firm belief that only about a quarter of a million were actually engaged in the revolutions, and that the remainder of the 15,000,000 are peace-loving, law-abiding people.

Besides work in Spanish, Dr. Butler was at the head of an English-speaking church and his ministry to the young Americans who went down in thousands for the industrial enterprises which unfolded so rapidly during the last quarter of a century was a large part of his work. When an American was taken ill at the hotel and was sent to the pest house, and it became known that he was ill with black smallpox, it was Dr. Butler who went to him, when none else would approach.

DR. JOHN W. BUTLER OF MEXICO

One particularly pathetic case of this kind resulted in the establishment of an American hospital, where to-day English-speaking people may have physicians and nurses who speak their tongue. The following incident occurred in California about ten years ago, when a man with his arms full of flowers came on to a sleeper in which it was an- nounced that he was traveling, and called out "Is Dr. Butler of Mexico here?" 'While all'looked on he came forwar-d and filled the arms of the missionary with his burden of flowers. Then without a word of explanation to him, he turned and addressed the people in the car, saying, "This man placed flowers on the grave of my boy in Mexico." Everyone in the car min- gled their tears with his. The ac- count of this incident which Dr.

Butler wrote to his aged mother, closed with these words, "If man's recognition is so sweet, what will heaven be?"

The railroads employed in the early days of their great develop- ment in Mexico far more Americans as engineers than they do at present. In case of accident, Dr.

Butler was always in the relieving train and the men of the line came to love him devotedly. One morn- A METHODIST VILLAGE CHAPEL IN ing a letter came to the mission MEXICO house from a pastor in Canada whose son, a brilliant young fellow, had left college in a spirit of adventure, and had not been heard from for two year's, the last news of him being in Japan. He wondered if by any possibility the boy had drifted to Mexico. It was characteristic of Dr. Butler to respond to such an appeal immediately and leaving all other duties that morning he went down to inquire among the railway boys for the prodigal. Within two hours he had found the young man, then almost dead from starvation and neglect, and was able to restore him to his father and a career of usefulness and honor.

His friendliness with the representatives of the press in Mexico became an asset to the Evangelical cause. Indeed at one time they gave him unmerited praise, when on the occasion of a great memorial serv- ice in the large auditorium of the church at No.5 Calle de Gante, they reported his remarks as of unusual eloquence. No wonder, for he was reading from the ritual the sublime passage from St. Paul, "0, grave

where is thy victory!" words unfamiliar to Catholic reporters of the day.

Besides his preaching and pastoral work, Dr. Butler found time to edit for years the El Abogado Cristiano, the mission weekly which has never been suspended even during these years of revolution, and to administer a large mission press which publishes millions of Sunday school helps and tracts.

It had been the dream of his life to see the field in which his father had laid the foundations of another mission, so in 1906 he accompanied his venerable mother, who in her 86th year went with the Jubilee party to celebrate the 50th year of Methodist work in ,India. The joy of the great results manifested on this occasion gave him courage for the greater day for Mexico which will soon dawn. He was not permitted to see his own jubilee, but God spared him to see the work begun in 1873 grow until it numbers over seven thousand communicants, and more than 22,000 adherents, with 5,000 children being educated in the schools of the mission. On a recent Sunday, in Mexico City alone, more than 700 were present in the two Sunday Schools of his'Mission, and as many as 1,500 attended one of the church services. From seeing the Bible a prohibited book, and recovering portions of it which were burned in the streets as recently as six years ago, he lived to see the agents of the Bible Society sell, in one of the cities of the land, in the brief space of one month, more than 10,000 copies of portions of God's Word, while one of the Bible women of his Mission sold in Mexico City over 2,000 copies in a few weeks. His hope for a union of the two Metho· dists is not yet a reality, but the action of seventy representatives of the various Mexico missions gathered in Cincinnati in 1914 for a pro· gram of readjustment of territory was a great joy. The Union Hymn Book which has been used by practically every Evangelical mission is to be followed, according to the plans of this conference by a Union College, a union publishing house and Christian periodical, and the great Union Theological Seminary, which already at work, places Mexico in advance uf all other fields in this respect. For the first time to the one Catholic Church, the Evangelical Church presents thus a united front which, allowing for diversities of opinion, manifests clearly our one faith and purpose.

The burden for his work in this time of loss in exchange was keenly felt by Dr, Butler. The deprivations which the war prices brought upon his ministerial brethren burdened him like the deprivations of his own children. The love he bore to these brethren was like that of a father, and indeed the younger men almost universally gave bim the affec· tionate title of "Uncle John." .

The spirit in which Dr. 'Butler viewed the outlook for Mexico, is shown by his letter to the Secretary of the American Bible Society, written from Mexico on January 30, less than two months before his death. In this letter he said:

DR. JOHN W. BUTLER OF MEXICO

"The facts are that the country has been shaken from center to circumference and the Mexican people have their eyes open as never before, Their minds are full of inquiry. The number of these is constantly increasing. The rising generation will be educated as no previous generation has been. This is a golden opportunity to put into the hands of this people the Word of Life.

"It is just fifty-two years since Maximilian permitted the opening of the first Bible Agency in this country, and up to date something like 1,000,000 copies of the Bible or portions thereof have been distributed in the country. But, 'What are these among so many?' Sixteen million men, women and children await the entrance of the Word that giveth life and light. Will we withhold it or will the people in the United States awake to the significance of the opportunity and give you the means that will enable you to scatter abroad the Book which contains the infallible remedy for all the ills which have afflicted these oppressed people in generations past?

"Your Society can send a book ahead of the missionary, and in the many places where we cannot go as yet, but to which we will surely be called if the Book is first sent out. As I go about the country and look upon the mass of the people, especially of the humble class, I am more and more impressed with the thought that thousands, if not literally millions, about us can truthfully say, 'No man careth for my soul.' The Bible will teach them differently, and if given generously will bring, in the near future, out of all our disorder, a happy and prosperous Mexico, the best of all neighbors lying to your south."

The closing word of Dr. Butler's "History of the Methodist Mission in Mexico," just from the press, shows a similar confidence: "In 1865 the immortal Lincoln at one of Mexico's darkest hours wrote to the' exiled President, Benito Juarez: 'Be of good cheer my friend. Mexico will rise again.' Shortly after this the foreign invader withdrew from the country and Mexico did re-rise and with the aid of her marvelous resources came soon into a prosperous condition. In last days she has been passing through deep waters but we trust that she will soon emerge into better days. Her country pacified, her farms and factories, her mines and mills will bring her prosperity and her people will be educated and industrious. Protestant Christianity will have her part in this good work. Possibly the historic church, learning lessons from the past, revitalized in some measure and provoked to good works by the Evangelical bodies, will purge itself of idolatry and dedicate its tremendous influence to the uplifting and Christianizing of the masses. What power that church would exercise if Jesus Christ were given the preeminence."

We close with a few words of appreciation of Dr. Butler from one of the missionaries in Mexico: "His saintliness was of the attractive variety and his whole life dominated by one great purpose-to know and to do the will of his Father. Dr. Butler also loved folks, he wanted his friends around him and the beauty of his spirit, his sparkling humor, his interest in everything worthy of a man-made him attractive to them.

"Dr. Butler had the international mind. He loved the land of his fathers, England; he loved the land where his father labored first-India; He loved America, his own land with the fervor of a true patriot and HE LOVED MEXICO. A better friend she will not find or one who saw her needs more clearly and strove more faithfully to bring in the day of her glory. He did not live to see that day here but we believe that he may, -from 'beyond, view the Mexico that is to be, built in no small degree on foundations which he himself laid."

Church In Time of

BY REV. J. H. JOWETT, D.D., Pastor of Westminster Chapel, Buckinghamgate, London, England "I fill up on my part that which is lack- most parts of the earth. In the Chris- tian redemption our sufferings are not ing of the afflictions of Christ" (Col. I :24). elemental or fundamental; they are supplemental. Sacrificial disciples are That is a very startling claim. There needed to proclaim the unique sacrifice is an apparent audacity about it which of our Lord. "I fill up on my part almost takes away one's breath. "I fill that which is lacking of the afflictions up that which is lacking of the afflic- of Christ." tions of ChrisL" But was there something lacking. in Jesus which had to be The Crimson Thread supplied by Paul? Was there a defect in the sacrificial ministry of our Lord? Now, wherever we touch the life of Was there some fatal gap in the sacred the Saviour we touch the spirit of sacsecurities of the Cross? Was the green rifice. Nothing is cheap; nothing is hill outside the city wall the site of done as a mere incident; nothing is a an unfinished redemption? Was Paul bloodless fragment which has no reneeded to perfect the efficacy of aton- lationship to the eternal purpose. In ing grace? This was surely not the the life of Jesus everything is the gift meaning of the Apostle's claim. More of blood. We cannot break into the than any other man he continually life anywhere without finding the crimgloried in the perfected wonders of son thread. Let us try it here and the reconciling sacrifice of Christ. there, and we shall see how, in every Love's redeeming work was done. place, the sacred passion is revealed. Paul could add nothing to the Cross. Open the Word in this place. Here And yet, here stands the strange as- is the Lord beset by vulgar men. A sertion: "I fill up on my part that callous crowd, wearing the trappings which is lacking of the afflictions of of religion, has dragged a fallen wom- Christ." The Apostle evidently brings an into His holy presence. "Jesus some suffering of his own, and adds stooped down and with his finger it to the sufferings of his Lord. For it is wrote upon the ground." And are we possible for us to supplement the mir- not looking at the crimson thread? acle we cannot perform. When the That stooping down, that hiding of Saviour has multiplied the loaves, we the face, is the symbol of suffering; it ca'n distribute the bread. By no man- is the sign of exquisite spiritual refinener of possibility can we enrich the ment in contact with the brutal vul- Cross of Christ by any treasure of our garity of men. own; but we can take up our own cross, and we can willingly yield our Break into the Life at another own strength to the glorifying of His point. One day His disciples came to Cross and to proclaiming its virtue Him and introduced a number of throughout the world. We cannot young Greeks, who desired the Lord's make His sacrifice more effective, but acquaintance: "Sir, we would see by our sacrifices we can make the un- Tesus!" For one moment His soul is shared sacrifice known to all men. And exalted in the vision: "The hour is so our filling up of the sufferings of come that the Son of man shall be Christ is not done on the hill called glorified." And then we see the crim- Calvary; it is done on that long road son strand again and the suffering in which begins at the empty tomh and which the redemption of Greek and which stretches through Jerusalem Gentile is' to be accomplished: and Samaria, and reaches the utter- "Now is My soul troubled." It is a glimpse at the afflictions of Christ. And So' is it everywhere in all the the immoral mire af their surround- varied aspects af His labaur. Christ ings. Others are like Sherwoad Ed- never gave anything that cost Him dy's soldier-friend, who said that in the nO'thing. Through every deed there direst surroundings he felt as if he ran the current of holy passion. His were "in some great cathedral with the whale life was a travail far eternal presence of God all abaut him." So' it ends, and therefare everything was is· very clear that while one man finds the gift of blaad. only the devil in warfare, another man The Apostolic Fellowship of Suffering may find his Lord. And as it is with soldiers, so it is When I turn fram the life af the Master to' the life af His Apastles I with peoples. War will nat necessarily find the fellowship af His sufferings. crown a people with a diadem of spirit- We can see the crimson line. The ual grace and moral nobility. Great Apostles entered the Kingdom af changes will be effected by this War. Heaven through tribulatian, and they The transformation is taking place becanquered new daminians for their fore our eyes. There will be social and Lard as trenches are taken on the bat- economic adjustments of an incredible tle-fields of Europe, by casting every- range and order. There will be thing into the venture, and by climbing changes in literature. There will be the steep ascent thraugh peril, toil and changes in the standard of Jife. And pain. They filled up on their part that yet, amid all these changes, and in spite which was lacking of the afflictians of of them, there may be amang the great Christ. masses of the people a deadlier moral apathy and a benumbment of the And so it has been all through the nerves of spiritual correspondence and histary af the Christian Church. The a cansequent lessening of our com- Cross has won no victory by the hands munian with God. of sluggish and unbleeding heralds, and Calvary has· never tald its convinc- Mighty Wrestling ing story thraugh the ministry af Haw is this fatal issue to' be avaidfrozen hearts. The blaad of the mar- ed? I believe it is largely to' be tyrs has been the seed of the Church. avaided by the saving ministry af the Will the Church Do It Now? Church of Christ, and by her eager willingness to fill up on her part that Here we are, at the end of the ages, which is lacking of the afflictians of and we are set in a big and momentaus Christ. For great spiritual births there time. How is it with us and with all . must be great travail. The Church of our fellow-believers in the Church? must be like her Lord and like the In what spirit is the present crisis Lard's apostles in the early Churchfaced by the Church of God? Is she she must aganize for the moral and the kinsman of the Apostolic Church the spiritual redemption of men. and the kinsman af the Church of the "Agonize"-it is a great New Testagreat travails? If we break into the ment word, and it was barrowed from Church's life, any time ar anywhere, the athlete; it was taken from the shall we find the crimson strand? Can mighty wrestlings in the arena. The she truthfully say with the Apostle Church is to agonize in the tremendous Paul: "I fill up On my part that which exercise of spiritual wrestling. She is lacking of the sufferings of Christ"? is to' wrestle with God, as the patriarch My brethren, it is imperative that wrestled with the angel unto the cam- we remember that war is not neces- ing af the dawn. She is to wrestle sarily an ennobling experience, even with herself, treading upon the lion if it be faught in a sacred cause and and the adder within her own life, and for righteaus ends. Some men find ·in trampling the yaung lian and the the trenches anly profanity and ob- dragon under her feet. And she is to scenity, and they clothe themselves in wrestle for the ~edemption of the

world, generously and bountifully affected by the flag or boundary line. spending her blood that she might win She must be zealous to defend her the world for Christ. humanness, her Christianness, her wells and fountains of life, and she Well, do you see many signs of this must keep them deep and pure and wrestling? Would you say that the sweet. She must fight against the sub- Church of Christ has intimacy with the tle encroachment of all moral opiates apostolic agony, and is entering into and aru:esthetics. The Church must the fellowship of her Saviour's suffer- keep herself awake and vigilant, and ings? How is it with her men? How in this most appalling time she must is it with her women? Said one sol- remain the eye, and the ear, and the dier in a letter he wrote to a woman mind, and the heart of our Lord. from Flanders: "I want to tell you that if you.were here you would feel Wrestle in Prayer that a woman who frivols has ceased to exist for anybody who is up against And secondly-The Church must the stark facts of death and life. . . . agonize in the labour of intercessioll. Can you guess how I feel when I see You remember the word of the apostle in the papers a picture column adver- Paul, "I would have you know how tisement of outlandish hat shapes greatly I agonize for you!" It is a flanking the very letters describing an glimpse into the strong intercessory army in its agony! It flaunted us, if wrestlings of the great Apostle. It is you please, when we still had in vision a glimpse of the crimson strand. His the broken but unbandaged heads of prayers were like the muscular contenglorious men, smashed all about us in tion of an athlete in grips with his a great assault on our line." antagonist. "Agonize" is not a popular word in the modern Church's vocabu- Wrestle to Keep Spiritually Sensitive lary. "Organize" appears to have the supreme place. We organize more than Well, are we frivoling? What shall we agonize. Weare more intent upon we do? What is to be our line of multiplying machinery than we are sanity and salvation? How shall the upon enriching our fundamental pow- Church agonize and "fill up on her er. Weare more eager in riveting the part that which is lacking of the afflic- organization than in strengthening the tions of Christ" ? Well, first of all- organism. Weare more concerned to The Church of Christ mt~st agonize in confer with one another than we are the guarding of her own sensitiveness. to hold great communion with God. In times like these the realm of the But it is in agonizing intercession that insensitive is continually enlarging its the real conflict in our time is to be kingdom. One nerve after another is won. Rivers of vitality have their rise benumbed, and ceases to have any cor- in souls that are on their knees before respondence with the naked reality of God. The deep and mighty prayers of things. Our range of feeling is re- the Church are the real birthpangs of duced. Some of our elemental in- the race. stincts go to sleep. The fine perception of vital differences is blunted. Well, how is it with the intercessions Love and hatred mingle in strange of the Church? If we could look into confusion. We lose the glaring con- them, should we find the red strand? trast of right and wrong. Weare Is there anything in our prayers in robbed of the Christian sense of sin. these momentous days which can in any way be regarded as supplemental And therefore do I say that the to the tremendous work of Calvary? Church must agonize to preserve her Is there anything of wrestling? Is own sensitiveness; for if her moral there anything of the athlete's agony and spiritual intuitions become dull for the prize? Let me ask a very chaland dim, one of the greatest hopes of lenging question, a question which the world is gone. The Church must smites me to the very ground as I ask labour to keep her sense of right urt-

1918j THE CHURCH IN TIME OF WAR

it, and let me ask it in great reverence: constrained to worship Him as the If you were God, would you answer supreme Hero of heroes and the Capprayers such as we toss so lightly and tain of their salvation. easily into the sacred Presence? . . . How our Master prayed in Geth- And that, too, must be the primary semane in the birth-hour and birth- work of the Church at home, to preach throes of the world's redemption! the Gospel, to proclaim the ma.rvellous "And being in an agony he prayed realities of redemption, and to do more earnestly, and His sweat was as it with the very blood of lives which it were great drops of blood falling are eagerly surrendered to the Lord down to the ground." Such was the who bought us. Saviour's suffering intercession. And His own Church is called to supple- The world is aching for a Gospel ment those sufferings; she is called to and it is the labour of the Church to agonize in our own day, and to wrestle present a gospel that can reach the with the angel until the break of day. world's most awful need, that can get We are to "fill up on our part that down to its deepest depravity, and which is lacking of the afflictions of bring cordials and balms to its most appalling sorrow. And the old Gospel Christ." can do it! Yes, the old Gospel, in working attire, proclaimed by a Wrestle in Preaching Church which believes it, is gloriously efficient to meet the most tremendous And in the third place, the Church needs of this most tremendous day. must agonize in the proclamation of "God so loved the world that He gave the Gospel. Nothing, even in these ex- His only-begotten Son, that whosociting days, must supplement the ever believeth on Him should not preaching of the Gospel-and it must perish, but have everlasting life." That be the Apostolic Gospel, not trimmed Gospel, preached by a Church that beto meet the superficial fashion of the lieves in it, a Church that is redeemed passing hour. We must not play with by it, a Church that will give its blood the Gospel. We must not trifle with for it, is the sure and ·certain secret of it. We must not toy with it daintily a comforted, purified, unified, regenerlike effeminate loiterers who have no ated and transfigured world. In her great and immediate business in hand. preaching of an atoning Saviour, the We must hand it out to the world with Church must on her .part fill up that the very blood of men and women who which is lacking of the sufferings of have been gloriously redeemed by the Christ. precious blood of Christ. There must be blood in the proclamation of the So must the Church supplement the Gospel to all our soldiers, whether sufferings of Christ in all the ways I they are in the training-camp or in the have named, by guarding her own trenches in the actual field of war. moral and spiritual sensitiveness; by Our services among the soldiers are the wrestling ministry of intercession; nqt always impressive. Here are three by a lavish proclamation of the Gos~ sentences from the letters of three pel and by every form of holy and soldiers at the Front: "Army religion sacrificial service. In everything she is the limit;" "The service is a perfect does the Church must reveal the crimfarce;" "Church parades arouse my son strand. She must shed her blood worst passions." Our military chap- for her Saviour. And she must do it lains must be more than prim and all with sacred joy. She must rejoice superfine spectators: they must be that she is counted worthy to suffer for splendid soldiers of the Lord, and their His Name. And indeed we have someservices must be as real as the most thing and everything to make us sing. urgent realities on the field; and when We have our risen and present Lord, men hear them proclaim the Gospel of and we have the boundless resources the Lord Jesus Christ, they must be of redeeming grace. "He loved me, and gave Himself for me."

@ -.s @ ~ BEST .. _ ……Wti

METHODS .. ~O !Sh'WUU…h.dW' ·..- BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Boards METHODS OF PRESERVING MISSIONARIES.

WE READ many advertisements sails means opportunity for enlarging and treatises in these days on the interest of those who stay.

the proper care and preservation of Steamer Letters.-Oh, the dreary things of value, from teeth to forests, days unenlivened by whistle of the but the care and preservation of one postman! Everybody thinks everybody of the most costly and valuable of else is sending plenty of steamer let- world factors receives scant attention. ters so the missionary may pass letter- Missionaries are a valuable invest- less days. A little thoughtfulness on ment. From a monetary standpoint the part of some one in passing on to alone they represent millions of dol- a circle of friends and interested work- lars of the church's capital. Entirely ers the steamer address of outgoing aside from either a sense of honor, or missionaries will mean that when the feeling of sentiment, they represent missionary is on board there will be de- too large an outlay to be disregarded. livered to him such a stack of mail as Even if there were no grateful appre- will make his fetIow passengers regard ciation of their work it is good busi- him with respectful admiration. The ness policy for the Church to surround assurance that these letters do not re- them with conditions under which quire a personal answer whets his they can give the best returns in relish for them. True, there are some effective .service and can extend that steamer letters which make one won- service over the longest possible term. der whether a stereotyped form for Our Mission Boards are taking care "A Correct Letter to be Sent to a of the big propositions in salaries and Missionary" has been printed in some equipment but, since missionaries are "Letter Writer's Complete Guide."

decidedly individual and human, there Somehow a foreboding cheerfulness are some things, usually reckoned lit- seems to be forced into them as if tle things, which nevertheless mean the writer felt perfectly sure that the much, and which no Board can handle recipient was likely to appear at any as official business. time on the breakfast menu of some For the Outgoing Voyage. cannibal island, but was trying to be heroically reassuring over it. The No matter how much enthusiasm spice of variety and an element of the missionary has in his heart, no real worth may be easily introduced matter how eagerly he has set his into steamer letters if some one will face. to his field, there comes a sinking give time and thought to them and of the heart as the last glimpse of the pass suggestions on to others.

home-land fades away. Some one has A Bouquet of Roses.-At a farewell said that "no peculiar brand of piety reception an outgoing missionary was is developed by an ocean voyage." On presented a bouquet of roses. To the the other hand, the piety already de- stem of each rose was tied a note writ- veloped, the courage and the deter- ten by some friend. The notes were mination of many missionaries meet dated, one for each day of the voyage.

days of testing in these days of voy- The missionary wrote back that she aging. From the side of developing had eagerly waited the coming of each the home base every missionary who new day, and that, while she had con-

BEST METHODS

scientiously held the notes until the a longing that Livingstone's friend proper dates arrived, she became so in- might be at hand as each missionary tensely interested that she did get up one night as soon as the clock struck sails, or that her mantle might fall twel ve, to read one. on a host who would remember that many times there are when a mission- A Promise for Every Day.-Select ary might save his strength and insome of the rich promises of the crease his efficiency if he had com- Bible. Write them on cards and put paratively small sums at his disposal. in dated envelopes, one to be opened Farewell Showers.-Not all the each day. missionaries who sail are of the stern- A Daily Prayer.-Write on cards a ly heroic type who are determined to leave behind every earthly comfort. prayer for every day of the voyage, There is no reason why they should. with the assurance that on that day you will join in the same prayer. Every bit of cheer and comfort they A Gem for Every Day.-Select can carry with them will be sorely some gems of poetry and copy or needed during the days that they must mount on cards, one for each day. face on the field. For the girl who is Look Pleasant, Please!-He who makes the missionary laugh has going to Japan comes this shower suglengthened his days and strengthened gestion: his work. Select choice bits of humor, from Mark Twain's ocean voyage or "For invitations fasten cards to the tiny the funny column in the daily and Japanese umbrellas which may be bought by the dozen at the ten cent stores, or cut prepare one for every day of the designs from paper napkins and fasten on voyage. cards. Circulate among the girls a list of the things the missionary really wants and Daily Surprises.-A bright group have each of them select the thing she will of young people prepared a surprise give and check it off, to avoid duplication. box for each day for an outgoing mis- To give a real cherry blossom effect in sionary. In each box was some gift. decorations, pop corn and dip it in pink The reflex influence on the .young dye. Then glue the grains of corn to the folks would have made the work bare branches of a tree. The partially worth while, even if the gifts had been popped grains make perfect opening buds. worth nothing to the missionary. Have the guests received by daintily kimonoed maidens. The presents may be A Parting Gift Saved Livingstone. brought in by the same little maidens who -Just before Livingstone sailed for bow to the ground as they present them. Africa a woman gave him a parting Provide entertainment by having tables gift in cash for his personal use. This which have on each six questions about gift enabled the overworked mission- Japan for a progressive contest. Favors ary to employ Melbawe, who became may be bought at a Japanese store or may his ever-faithful servant and friend. be made by the artistic girl. A kodak pic- When Livingstone was attacked by ture of the missionary, pasted on a tiny the lion he was saved from the very Japanese flag, makes an attractive souvenir. jaws of death by the screams of this Before the guests go, give the missionary devoted black man, who thus diverted an opportunity to enlist them as intercesthe attention of the enraged beast sors, and in any other definite service posfrom his master to himself, and pre- sible in her work." served to Africa and to the world the life of that princely missionary. Showers need not be confined to the feminine gender. Things masculine When we think of such a man as Dr. John Scudder, every hour of which are not supplied by any Board, whose life meant so much to India, breaking down completely as a result yet which make much more complete of a long walk under a burning sun the equipment of missionaries, have for lack of the trifling sum to pay been supplied by energetic leaders who for a sedan chair, there comes to us have noted the needs and had them supplied by individuals or organiza- tions. Aside from the value of the equipment there is great gain in the increased interest of those who supply it. Prayer Leagues.-The sailing of

each new missionary is another oppor- at the front in the war, are making tunity for the forming of new prayer some of us realize that we have done leagues or the strengthening of those almost nothing to follow the mission- already formed. Among the most aries who are out on the firing line in cheering of steamer letters are those a still greater warfare. The "Follow signed by a group who have agreed the Flag" Scrap Book Letters offer a together as touching the work of the splendid suggestion for a weekly letter missionary to pray for him, not only to a missionary. The stationery for during the days of the ocean voyage, these letters may be secured in boxes but every day, for his work on the field. containing fifty-two sheets. The first As the Days Go By page is blank for a personal message Satisfactory explanation has never to be written by the sender. The two yet been given of the delay in writing inside pages are prepared for clippings to be pasted in-choice bits of poetry; to missionaries and in answering letters a good joke, happenings in the home from missionaries. Possibly because church, or striking lines from dailies the letter must go so far we feel or magazines enriched by marginal that it should not be written with undue haste, or perchance we want comments from the sender. A Sundayto make sure of full value received for school class would become keenly inthe additional foreign postage. What- terested in gathering clippings for ever the cause the result is that the such a scrap book letter to be sent lapses between communications from every week to a missionary and lastthe home-land grow longer and longer ing ties would be formed between the as the days go by. After seven years young people and the workers at the in Japan a missionary said: missionary front. The churches that are having these letters sent to their "When I was going to Japan the boys from the college and the seminary slapped members in service during the war are me on the back and ~ajd, 'We're not going finding it an excellent plan. Try it in to forget you, old chap. We'll keep the your church and include your missionmail pouches heavy. We'll keep you in aries in the list of those at the front. touch with what is going on in the world so you will not fossilize on the other side.' Personal friends who let the weeks Many friends and relatives at different lengthen into months between letters, may find here first aid to a weekly places there were who promised with a letter. fervent grip of my hand to 'Write often.' In trusting innocence I sailed forth picturing a staggering postman before my door. After Post Cards.-It costs only two cents a time a few straggling letters came in. to send a post card to missionaries. The second month brought a few, the third The spontaneous greeting of cards is sometimes more to be desired than month, fewer. In a year a letter was a very occasional event. In two years most of them had dropped off. After three years the long delayed and carefully studied about the only envelopes that came to my messages we think must be prepared address were those which bore the familiar for such an important communication that must make an ocean voyage.. stamp of the Board of Foreign Missions. Five years passed and I had to struggle against a feeling akin to bitterness as I Missionaries Like a Glimpse of Our realized that I had dropped out entirely of Lives the old life at home. At the end of the A Magazine Club.-A woman startseventh year when my furlough was due I had only one correspondent in the home- ed a missionary magazine club, reland, notwithstanding my eager answers to cently, the purpose of which was not the circulation of missionary magathose who started out so bravely to serve a zines, but the circulation of magazines seven-year term in the prevention of fossilizing."

Scrap Book Letters.*-The many among missionaries. Membership in plans that are suggested for following the club was conditioned on the send- our boys who are fighting our battles ing of a magazine to a missionary.

• A box (}f this Follow tbe Flag stationery Members could have the magazine sent for the Scrap Book Letters may be secured directly from the publishers or they from the Duplex Co., Richmond, Virginia, for could send their own copies as soon 50 cents.

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as they had read them. In this way the would give anything in the world for club manager secured at least one something that would make me relax.

magazine for every missionary in the We live such tense lives. We see and force of her denomination. The N a- hear, and are surrounded by such ter- tional Geographic Magazine was rible things that we get in a state of placed in the reading room of a mis- depression that I can scarcely express.

sion school, and the Youth's Compan- If there is anything to give a man ;J ion and Everyland went to fam,ilies of laugh the missionary is the man above missionary children who welcomed all men who needs it."

them eagerly. *** Form the habit of passing on to She was a quiet, saintly little mis- your missionaries the things you en- sionary who looked as if no worldly joy especially. A Home Base Secre- thought ever entered her mind. Was tary bought Harper's last August on a there a magazine which would be in train. The clever short stories in that her realm? "What magazine would number provided such delightful rec- you prefer?" I asked. "I wish vou reation for her in the midst of the would send me some fashion maga- heavy convention schedule for the zine," she said. "I know that sounds summer that she wondered if they terrible coming from a missionary, but would prove just as relaxing to the we get desperately hungry to know workers on the other side. She what people are doing and wearing in wrapped the magazine and mailed it America. At the summer places we to a missionary friend in Japan. This like to know enough to be able to tell friend read the stories with keenest in what year a woman came out to the enjoyment, and, thinking of what a field by the make of her clothes. Then treat that magazine would be to a mis- when furlough time comes around we sionary in a Korean hospital, she has- can make some things over and get tened to send it on to her. There it near enough to the prevailing modes was passed around to do still further that people do not 'stare at us as if we service. What joy-givers our maga- were "the wild man from Borneo just zines passed on in this way might be- come to town,' when we step out in come! Likewise books. Instead of America. When I try to make clothes adding them to your library, mail to for the children, I just wish I had even some missionary the new books you the fashion sheets the American stores read from time to time. Far better give away."

this than that they should lie on your SPeaking of Clothes.- I was talking library shelves, untouched from one with another missionary about her year housecleaning to another. in America. She had spoken at many The Human Streak in Missionaries conferences, and at all of them her messag-es had made the deepest spirit- He was an especially dignified 'mis- ual impression. Countless young sionary of solemn mien. I wondered women had heard and answered her what magazine we could send him. . call to a more complete consecration Possibly he might take his valuable in service.

time to scan the pages of the I nter- Now she was worn out and needed national Review of Mis{ions. Per- rest.

chance he did not live so far above "What has been the most wearing earth but that he might still be in- thing in your work?" I asked. terested in the events of the passing "Clothes," she whispered, as she days, and the interpretation thereof smiled whimsically. HI hate to bother as recorded in the Literary Digest. with them. 1£ there were only some When I asked him what magazine he one who would see that I always had most wanted, I fairly gasped at his something suitable for my work ready monosyllabic answer,-"Life." Then to wear, that individual would surely he added, "Sometimes I feel that I increase my efficiency. Few people

have any idea of how hard it is to dear child sent me a box of worn riblook presentable when traveling thou- bons. Thinking that I might not propsands of miles on dusty trains, and erly appreciate them, and evidently speaking every day, seven days in a making adequate provision for the week." highest claim possible in the event of their loss in transit, she wrote 'value A missionary on the field, as well as $5.00' on the box. That brief super- scription cost me $2.50. I could have those on furlough, could have much invested that two-fifty to much better valuable time released for service if advantage h~re, and she could have some stay-at-home would be her Dor- sent her package without any duty cas. American mothers who have charges if she had declared it 'worn daughters about the same age as ribbons.' daughters of missionaries might make double outfits and send one to the "Of course we love the thrill of mother at the front. Women who opening packages from home, but this have no daughters might busy their luxury is not for us. Unless the folks needles for the children of the mis- at. home accompany the package with sionary mother, upon whose time the the money for duty it is far .better that women and children of the mission presents of value should be in the form make such heavy demands. One Am- of drafts, or of books and magazines erican mother who has a daughter a which are free from duty." few years older than the daughter of a friend on the mission field, sends all Another tragedy of Christmas on of the dresses her little girl wears one the mission field is that the Christmas season to her friend for the next sea- spirit does not begin to operate in son. She sees that they are in such America early enough. Usually Christgood condition that they are of real mas day arrives at the mission station value, and she gives them with sl1ch long before any Christmas messages or charming graciousness there is no sug- packages arrive. Our missionaries gestion of second-hand clothes in the often spend the day without a single transfer. Another advantage secured greeting from the home land. Then all is that these things may be sent as during January and February, and "worn clothing," and are thus free sometimes even in March the timelv from duty, or subject to a very small wishes that "This Christmas day may. charge. be filled with truest Christmas joy" straggle in. Invest in some, "Do not Christmas Protection.-"Save me!" open until December 25," stickers, and wrote a missionary frantically, "from mail your Christmas greetings to mis-· my Christmas friends. I have cashed sionaries in time to insure their reachin everything available to get enough ing their destination before the dav is duty money to pay on Christmas pack- a date of ancient history. Many IJeOages. I tremble at every coming of pIe think of their missionary friends the post man for fear I am about to on Christmas day, on Easter and on be the recipient of another gift with Thanksgiving day, but few begin to duty due on it. Plead with my friends think early enough for the friends to to pass over next Christmas. Entreat receive an expression of the thought them not to send me any presents- on these and other festival days. unless in some way you can make them understand that money to pay Anent Furloughs the duty should accompany the gift. It sounds pathetic, but we really can- If you want to call forth on the not afford to receive any more pres- countenances of a -group of missionents. Starvation faces us if we do. I aries an inscrutable expression which have had to draw on all my house- no man can fully understand or comkeeping fund to pay duty on presents. prehend the full meaning thereof-just We have to pay at least one-half the speak of furloughs. Of necessity there valuation of each package in duty. One must be much o.f hardship in the mis-

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sionary furlough, but much of joy and tend the building of a college, the plans real benefit could be added, and much for which I had already prepared. I of hardship subtracted if more of the was so weak when I returned to the people. who are not members of Mis- field that an aged missionary who met sion Boards gave thoughtful consider- me said: 'Why, man, you look more ation and help in making effective the like a man who ought to go to America f~rlou~h plans of Boards for their mis- on furlough than one coming from slOnanes. America after a furlough.'

The Committee on Furloughs, ap- "After a short time I had a complete pointed by the Board of Missionary break-down which has debarred me Preparation, reports that' the furloughs from any further service in the field.

of American missionaries represent an- If my furlough had been properly safe- nually 1,429 years of missionary life, guarded I might have served for many and an investment of $572,000 of years to come."

American missionary money. Again, Missionarv Honles-The first home- as in the case of the years of service on coming problem of many missionaries the field, here is an investment large is that they have no home to which to enough to demand the most careful come. Many who looked forward thought of the home church. as well eagerly, during the first years of serv- as of the missionary himself. The fif- ice, to the home-coming, must face a teen months allotted to the average broken circle and a desolated home on furlough must be made to mean as their return, and find no place that is much as possible in serving five ends really home to them. Many Mission as stated by the Committee on Fur- Boards now include in their equipment loughs: (a) Health, (b) Study, (c) furnished homes for missionaries on Spiritual Stimulus, (d) Social Pur- furlough. There is still room for in- poses, (e) Cultivation of the Home dividuals to give homes for this pur- Church. pose, and for summer homes in the Because there is so much to do, and mountains and on the shore and for so little time in which to do it, many winter homes in the south to be put at missionaries are in even more need the disposal of Mission Boards for of a furlough at the end of the fifteen their missionaries on furlough. One months than at the beginning. A great giver spends much thought as gifted missionary who looked forward .well as much money in arranging for to many years of service in the for- really restful vacation periods for worn eign field is now back in America, per- workers.

manently retired from the field on A Reception Without A Receiving medical certificate. This is his ex- Line.-A missionary family was in- planation of the shortening of his term vited to spend a furlough year in a of service and the blighting of his southern city. A house was secured hopes: for them and made ready by the wom- "While I was on furlough I en of the churches. On the dav of their preached twice or three times each arrival the pantry and store r~om were Sunday, and sandwiched addresses to well stocked and a good meal prepared.

Sunday-schools and Christian Endeav- When the train arrived the mission- or Societies in between; delivered ad- ary's tired little wife heaved one long dresses every night except Saturdays, apprehensive sigh. Her four children always at a different place; went to were completely worn out by the long churches in four conferences; had a se- cross-continent journey. She was sure vere attack of grippe which brought they were going to balk at being. dis- me very near death; while still sick played before the reception committee in bed my railroad a'nd steamer tick- and she mildly considered the wisdom ets were secured, and I was impor- of bribing them beforehand to promise tuned to go to the foreign field at the to say the Lord's prayer ill Japanese earliest possible moment to superin- on demand, without protest or com-

plaint. She would gladly have given sionary guests. It is the policy of some all she possessed at that moment to be of the girls' camps to entertain at least able to gather her cross and wearied one missionary as a camp guest, and little brood together at a quiet table, an increasingly large number of farfar from the critical eyes of a waiting seeing individuals are giving missionreception committee, and then to tuck aries such conference privileges as them safely into their own little beds their guests. without display. She braced herself for the ordeal and plead with the chil- A Typical Missionary Experience.- dTen to be good. When the automobile, HIn the midst of a strenuous series of which met them unloaded them at their conferences I received an invitation to own door, they were met by one wom- address a missionary mass meeting in an who gave them a greeting hearty a large city. The opportunity seemed enough to leave no doubt as to whether so great that I rearranged my schedule they were really welcome. so that I could accept that invitation. I made a long, hard journey to do so, "Dinner is all ready," she said, "and but the weariness of travel was all the house is as nearly like we thought gone when I walked to the platform you would want it as we could fix it. and faced that magnificent audience. All the other women would like to With all my heart I thanked the Lord have stayed to meet you but we knew for this chance of presenting the work you and the children would be worn to that great throng. There was a out so we told them to wait until to- little confusion and delay in getting morrow to meet you. I wi1l show you things started, but I had been told that where everything is and then you can I was the only speaker, so I was not have a good quiet evening all to your- especially concerned over the ten minselves." utes we lost at the start. Then a musical program was rendered. I The missionary's sigh of apprehen- looked cautiously but anxiously at my sion changed to one of fervent grati- watch as one number followed another. tude for the quiet peace of that even- At 9 :05 the musical program was coming alone, with such a thoughtfully pleted and I turned my thoughts to prepared reception by a vanished re- the great need of our field and prayed ception committee. for strength to present them with power. Then the chairman introduced Spiritual Stimulus.-All during the the chairman of a local committee who years on the field the missionary has had an announcement to make. That been giving out constantly of inspira- chairman took exactly eleven minutes tion and help. Scant chance has he of precious time with pleasantries prehad for study or for stimulating fel- ceding and following his announcelowship with other workers. Sur- ment. Again I prepared myself to rise, rounded always by the deadening in- just as a violin solo by an especially fluences of heathenism his own faith fine violinist, who chanced to be in has been sorely tired. He feels drained town, followed. With a hurried survey to the very dregs, yet he is expected to of what I could best leave out of the be the enthusiastic, irradiating, center many things I had hoped to say about of every meeting he attends. our mission, I listened to the last ling- ering notes of the violin. But not yet Every furlough should give the mis- was I to speak. sionary some opportunity for study at one of the many schools with courses "The chairman again arose to introplanned especially to meet this need duce the pastor and entrl1sted to him and an opportunity to attend some con- the task of introducing me. How I ferences from which he may get as well longed for every moment of that time as give spiritual stimulus. Individual for my messag-e! The burden of all gifts can make this possible when fur- tbat great waiting throng back there lough salaries are inadequate. A num- at the doors of my mission station in ber of summer conferences include in their plans the entertainment of mis-

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India was on my heart. The pastor ed at the altars of our churches and spoke about the first beginnings of mis- as we kneel in our homes.' sionary activity, then very gradually led up to the operations of the present We may employ all other best meth- ._ day, and finally to me whom he was to ods for caring for our missionaries and introduce. At 9 :30 I arose to address rendering their work as effective as that great audience most of whom had possible, but powerless and fruitless confidently expected the meeting to ad- they must be unless above them all is journ at nine o'clock." prayer.

Above All Prayer Let those who are searching for the best of all methods pray fat: their mis- Whether on land or on sea, whether sionaries daily and specifically in their at the front or on furlough, the one own closets of prayer; let them band supreme· cry of the missionary to the together with them groups who shall church at home is "Pray for Us." make regular, earnest intercession; let them call special meetings for prayer Pantiita Ramabai voiced the plead- and enlist their churches in the limiting of every missionary when in less work of intercession. answer to the question "What message shall I take for you to the church at "Do you hear them pleading, pleading home? What are your greatest Not for money. comfort, power, needs ?" she said simply, "Tell them to 'pray for us. Prayer will meet all But that you, 0 Christian worker, our needs." Will but set aside an hour A great light shone in the eyes of Wherein they' will be remembered, another missionary as he spoke about Daily at the Throne of Grace, . the things that had put new courage into his work. "The one message that That the work which they are doing stands out above all others received In your life may have a place? while I was on the field was this one which came from one of our con- "Do you see them seeking, seeking ferences: For the gift of priceless worth 'You and your work are remember- That they count of more importance Than all other gifts of earth?

Not the gold from rich men's coffers, Nor relief from any care;- 'Tis a gift that you can give them,- 'Tis the Christian's daily prayer."

The Furloughed Missionary By MARY ELLIOT FITCH TOOKER, in Woman's Work.

Ah! the home land fields are bonny, and the woodlands lush and green, With the white birch and the fir-tree and the elm-they call their queen. I love them all and know not which one I love the best, For I'm at home on furlough and there's home within my breast!

I've longed to see the straight pine on the snowy mountain tops; I've longed to see the canyon, with its red and golden rocks: But what I've wanted most of all was to see my mother's face, And to sit with her at table in myoId accustomed place.

And when I go to God's house and sit among the rest, And sing, "My Country, 'Tis of Thee"-the tides surge in my breast. For there's not a flag beneath the skies so glorious as our own; There's not a country in the world like our dear, sweet home.

Ah, the Chinese streets are dirty, and the Chinese people queer; But after all, they're just like us, and the Master holds them dear. You ask if I am going back to face the guns again? Like soldiers nome on furlough, my only thought is when!

I'm going back to the trenches to get another shot. I fight beside my Captain-if I fall it matters not. So I'm going back to China, and over the seas I'll fare, My home is in the homeland, but my heart's out there.

Women's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MRS. WILLIAM H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, N. J.

FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA President-Mrs. H. R. Steele, 810 Broadway, Nashville, Tenn. Vice-President-Miss Alice M. Davison, 574 Madison Avenue, New' York, N. Y.

Secretary-Mrs. Fennell P. Turner, 75 Midland Avenue, Montclair, N. J.

Treasurer-Mrs. De Witt Knox, 216 West Fifty-sixth Street, New York, N. Y.

COMMITTEES Methods of' Work-Mrs. E. C. Cronk, Richmond, Va. Summer Schools and Conferences-Mrs. Mary Clokey Porter, 2828 Perrysville Avenue, N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa. Student Work-Mrs. Frank Gaylord Cook, 14 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. Publications and Literature-Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Beverly, Mass. Christian Literature for Women and Children in Mission Fields-Miss Alice M. Kyle, Congregational House, Boston,' Mass. Interdenominational Institutions on the Foreign Field-Mrs. William Fraser McDowell, 1509 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Field Representative-Mrs. Paul Raymond, 1370 Sacramento Street, San Francisco, Cal.

IN THE EDITOR'S MESSAGE and spoke informally anq tenderly' of these days when "missionary wom- "The Cost and the Reward of Being a en" are longing for more brown hair and new life in the monthly pro- Foreign Missionary"; Dr. J. C. R. gram meetings, and when all the Boards are longing for recruits for Ewing presented India and Educaforeign service, it is refreshing to attend such a conference as was held tional Work; Dr. W. J. Wanless treat- April 19, 20 and 21, in Montclair, N. }., under the auspices of the Volun- ed Medical Work; Dr. Robert P. teer Union of Greater New York. This Wilder, Evangelistic Work; Rev. S. was the second annual missionary Ralph Harlow, The Near East and gathering for the Christian students of Industrial Work. Latin America was New York to show them the signifi- illuminated by Mr. Chas. D. Hurrey, cance of the opportunity now facing Africa by Dr. H. K. W. Kumm. The conference opened Friday evening Christian missions and the importance with an address by Mrs. William Far- . of missions in the solution of our pres- mer on "Fundamental Factors in Life ent world problem. Work Decision," and closed on Sun- . The delegates numbered 120, and day evening with a stirring message brought an inspiring supply of youth- from Dr. Ewing on the "Immediacy of ful enthusiasm and earnest purpose. the Call to Mission Service." Vassar and Teachers' College had the largest delegations (30 and 32 respect- The most unique session was Satively)" and the other students were urday evening when three Oriental from Barnard, Columbia, Cornell Med- Christian students of marked ability ical College, Hunter, College of Physi- discussed the theme: "What Foreign cians and Surgeons, Union Theologi- Missions Mean to My Country." cal Seminary, Methodist Training School, and Bible Teachers' Training CONVENTIONS FOR WOMEN School. By Mrs. Paul Raymond, San' Francisco. The program was full of famous names and great topics. Dr. Harlan P. CONVENTIONS for women, Beach preached on the meaning of paralleling the familiar type of missions in international relationships, three-day conventions for men, suc- cessfully standardized by the Lay- men's Missionary Movement, were made a tentative experiment in a few cities during the National Campaign of the Movement two years ago, and this year a deliberate part of its field was organized, or the existing one program on the Pacific Coast. strengthened and a uniform policy suggested, involving a united, syste- Ten of the smaller cities in Cali- matic membership campaign in womfornia, where the Movement had en's societies and a program of educanever before held conventions, but tion and effort in prayer and in the from which it was possible because of their location to touch practically the stewardship of .life and possessions.. life of the whole state, were chosen as centers for the fall campaign. In the series just concluded in Washington and Oregon, the principal centers of the Northwest have been similarly reached.

In California alone, nearly nine thousand regular delegates paid the registration fee, over five thousand of these being women, while several thousand more attended one or more sessions. The interest was intense and sustained, the practical character of the meetings noteworthy and their spiritual power inspiring.· In addition to the official team of men who divided their time and interest equally between. the meetings for men and women, a group of representatives of the various Vomen's Boards, both home and foreign, gave counsel and direction in the discussions of women's work.

In both men's and women's conven- tions, a plan of conservation and ex- MRS. PAUL RAYMOND tension was adopted, which, under the joint. guidance of the Pacific Coast NEW YEAR IN CHINA Committees of the Laymen's Mission- ary Movement and the Missionary [These extracts from 0 recent letter of . Education Movement and of the rep- Mrs. Stewart of Nanking describe a most interesting work for the wives of Chinese resentatives of women's work, aims officials. Some of you enjoyed knowing Mrs. Stewart (0 sister of Mrs. John R. to provide normal training in mission Mott, of Dr. W. W. White, and of Dr. !. study for men, women and young peo- Campbell White) at the Northfield and pie; followed by a mission study drive Wilson College Conferences last summer.

in all the churches of the community, -EDITOR.] for the promotion of missions in A CCORDING to the Chinese the Sunday-school, for the training' calendar, New Year comes this of canvassers for a thorough and uni- year on February 11th. This is the fied financial campaign in the whole busiest and the gayest time of the church and for a series of meetings year. Schools close for their long vaconducted by the Convention Commit- cation, all business is suspended, debts tees carrying. the spirit and program are paid, houses are cleaned, feasts of the conventions, with their plans are given, friends exchange calls, for united advance, into the leading parents are reverenced, ancestors centers of the convention territory. worshipped, the old kitchen gods are In all the convention cities, a feder- burned and new ones put up in their ation of women's missionary societies places. But best of all it is giving us

a breathing space, for while we may General for Defense in Nanking. have more going on in our home, we This Tai Tai is an exceptional one, for will have a rest from teaching. she neither plays cards nor gambles, and has plenty of time on her hands. It is four and a half months since She is most cordial and gracious and we landed in Nanking. During that seems to enjoy having us call. She is time the aggregate attendance in my the key to the situation among her Bible classes has been 1,060. I have class of ladies. also taught English classes at the Y. M. C. A. two afternoons a week. At At our last meeting one of the Tai the same time our home has been a Tais askedamissionary why it was that factor, which you will readily believe the American woman was so much when I tell you that in this time we more capable than the Chinese womhave had 115 guests to meals, and had an. The missionary seized the oppor- 267 in for tea in the afternoon. Vie tunity and told her that the American feel that our home is one of our big woman and the Chinese woman are assets, and I am sure it has been a exactly alike, that the only advantage help to some who were weary and the former has over the latter lies in needed rest; some who were in the the fact that she has the Gospel of dark groping for light, and some who Jesus Christ. This meeting was held were discouraged and needed to be the Friday before Christmas, and we cheered up…. were anxious to have the Christmas story in picture. We hunted Nanking I am planning to do less teaching over, and only after dark the night during the coming months,in order to before did we find that one friend had do some constructive work among the a lantern we could borrow, and an- Tai Tais of the city. A Tai Tai is the other had slides on the life of Christ wife of an official. The officials are that we borrowed. It was the first very mucJ:t interested in the Y. M. C. time some of them had ever heard the A., and have asked Mr. Stewart re- story, and it was an added pleasure to peatedly if something could not be us to have them hear it in our home. done for their wives. They are really Only a few days ago I met a young the neglected class. A few of us have man from the Naval College who was been caIling in their homes, and invit- converted by seeing these same picing them to ours, and we have been tures. We find it a most effective way sarprised and delighted with their re- to present the Gospel. sponse. We always invite some Christian Chinese women to come when SUMMER SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS· they do, and at one of the meetings one of the Tai Tais invited one of "TO THE FORE" AGAIN them to teach her music, and she has been going to her home once or twice The Universal Motto :-For Christ a week ever since. She very tactfully and the W orId. introduced the subject of Christianity, and found the Tai Tai's mind a blank The Universal Aim for 1918:-Best with regard to the matter. But in- Programs, Best Text-books, Best Instead of meeting opposition, she was structors, Best Methods, Best Commet with an interest and an eagerness panionships, Best Recreation. to hear. She next presented her with a Bible, and each time she goes now Best Vacation:-To last all the year she finds the Tai Tai reading it. Later in its influence. she presented the husband with a Bible, and the Tai Tai was very The Pre-view:-It indicates a great pleased and said that they both want- season for "Study Classes," "Coned to read the Bible at once, and it ferences," "Search Lights," "X-Ray was not convenient to have only one Clinics," "Pageants," "Poster Concopy. The husband, by the way, is tests," "Flash Lights from the Bible," "Travelogues," "Curio Exhibits," "Stereopticon Pictures," "Literature Stimulants" and "Recreation" hikes, WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN 1918] athIetic sports, tennis, croquet, boat- and it is wise to purchase them early ing, swimming, etc., etc. and read them at once.

Practical Hints :-Study the dates of Miss Burton has given us a 'carefully Summer Schools of Missions: Select prepared, valuable and readable mes- one or more that best suit your vaca- sage. Her travels and research bring tion plans. Heavily underscore the us face to face with the industrial prob- same on your library "Wall Calen- lem as it affects onr Oriental sister.

dar." Call the attention of your spe- With her we shall visit China, India, cial friends to your plan, and inspire Japan and Moslem lands. Following them to accompany you. 'her excellent outlines, and suggestive Query:-Was there ever a year in questions we can plan most interesting your life that you needed this helpful program meetings.

diversion more than the present one? "The best vacation is one which has INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP a definite purpose, and which sends one THE World Alliance' for promoting back to the work of the year with international friendship through broadened vision and renewed vigor." the churches is carrying on a valuable Wanted-Notices of Summer Schools of campaign of education as to the moral aims of the war, and the responsibility Missions and Conferences, with places, of Christians everywhere to provide dates, names of leaders and instructors, an antidote for pernicious doctrines.. samples of programs, advertising bulletins, etc., and reports of same at close of the Schools sent promptly to Mrs. Mary Clokey . Internationalism – the Christian Porter, 2828 Perrysville Avenue, North Church contains many members of all denominations who scarcely know how Side, Pittsburgh, Pa., chairman of Summer to spell the word. There is a vague School Committee of Federation of Women's Boards of Missions.

Mission Summer Schools and Con- suspicion that our relations with for- ferences–for 1918 eign nations are not entirely Christian, but only the inner circle of those in- [The following dates should be ad- terested in the tremendously imporded to the list published in the May tant foreig-n mission enterprises know REVIEW.] how much need there is of discussion Chambersburg, Pa., June 27-July 3. of topics pertaining to international Northfield, Mass., July 9-17. friendship.

Montreat, N. C., July 14-21. Nationalism has been the ruin of Princeton, N. J., July 20-28. Germany; unrighteous attempts at Tarkio, Mo., July 26-Aug. 4. democracy have made chaos in Rus- Lakeside, 0., July 25-28. sia; and Dr. R. A. Cram makes us New Wilmington, Pa., Aug. 9-18.

Sterling, Kans., Aug. 16-25. dread the possibility of "a victory in Xenia, 0., Aug. 10-18. the field for the allies that is followed Monmouth, III., July 19-28. by no attainment of a new vision." Wooster, 0., July 27-Aug. 3. (Mrs.) Mary Clokey Porter, Chairman, Face the facts presented in Doctor Summer School Committee of Fed- Gulick's stirring, prophet-like address eration of Women's Foreign Mission at Garden City Conference. You can read it in the April copy of the MIS- Boards.

OUR NEW STUDY BOOKS SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. Go IN THE Central Committee report to the summer schools of foreign mis- (page 298, April REVIEW) the gen- sions at Northfield or Chambersburg eral topic for the year, "The Message and enter a discussion class on this of Christianity to an Industrial Age," topic. Arouse your church to join the and the books, "Women Workers of World Alliance and to become a vital the Orient," by Miss Margaret E. Bur- factor in the Christianization of our ton, and "Jack and Janet in the Philip- international treaties. And adrvocate pines," by Mrs. Norma Waterbury world missions and 'Xorld friendship Thomas, are mentioned. These books as most powerful influences in the re- will be studied at the Summer Schools, construction' of our new era.

News Of War

MANY CHURCH ARMY HUTS LOST the battle-swept areas. This one socie- THE Church Army's place as a hut ty alone has distributed more than 7,- provider in the very closest proxim- 000,000 Scriptures among those in- volved in the great struggle, and the ity to the front trenches has been prov- Bible House still remains open at Bered by the loss of fifty-two of its recrea- lin, Vienna, Budapest, and even Contion huts, tents and centers in the German advance, and the almost certain stantinople. loss of five others, under heavy shell- Men face to face with death are ing at the time of information. This loss includes all the stores and equip- searching the Scriptures for realities ment. The staffs of these huts and as never before. Between 800,000 and tents are safe so far as is known, with 900,000 Jews are among the fighting the exception of those who stayed be- forces-two-thirds of these being with hind to help the stretcher-bearers. the Allies, and thousands of these men, free from the restricting influences of the synagogue and ghetto, are tead- WHAT THE SOLDIERS READ ing the New Testament for the first THE quality of the reading distribu- time. DR. MOTT IN ITALY ted at the army camps in America THE Young Men's Christian Asso- .ciation has recently established huts is indicated by the· report made by Robert E. Speer, of the literature com": and welfare work in the Italian camps and battle line. To investigate and mittee of the War Work Council of promote this work, Dr. John R. Mott the Young Men's Christian Associa- and Dr. Charles R. Watson have been visiting the Italian front. King Viction. Prior to January 11 there were tor Emmanuel received Dr. Mott at distributed free more than 265,000 his headquarters and. the Duke of New Testaments; 39,S76 Who Is Jesus Aosta. entertained the American party at headquarters. Christ? by Charles R. Brown; 56,216 'The meetings gave Dr. Mott an op- Beloved Captain, by Hankey; 32,472 Character of Jesus, by Bushnell; 44,- portunity to explain·American co-oper- 4S0 Christian Witness in War, by Bos- ation- in the Italian Case del Soldato, worth; 40;428 How to Know the Will which corresponds to the "huts" in the of God, by Drummond; 42,207 Second British and American armies in· Mile, by Fosdick; 39,208 Fight for Character, by King; 9,403 For France France. The work has been proceedand the Faith, by Casalis; 29,746 Prac- ing favorably under the direction of tice of the Presence of God, by Lawrence. Five hundred sets of the books recommended by the Young Men's John S. Nollen, President of Lake Christian Association committee were Forest University, with a staff of thir- distributed, 300 sets in the camps here ty Americans, which soon will be in- and 100 sets abroad. creased to 200.

Thousands of footballs and other BIBLE VERSIONS FOR THE WAR American games have been purchased DR. J. H. RITSON, of the British for the soldiers. The Y. M. C. A. has and Foreign Bible Society, states also established libraries, invested in that the actual combatants and labor musical instruments, and is directing battalions on the field of war speak physical training on a large scale. An- at least seventy-two languages. The other important branch is the establish- Society was ready with versions of the ment of courses in hospitals and con- Scriptures in all these tongues. It is valescent homes for instruction in cor- a remarkable fact that no Government, rective gymnastics.

friendly or hostile, has deliberately put Tools and implements are being sup- hindrances in the way of replenishing plied for the training of wounded sol- and maintaining stocks of Scriptures diers in woodworking and other useful for the sailors, soldiers or civilians in manual trades. VSOLDIERS TEACH BIBLE CLASSES ing room to all women who are doing ISITORS to every army camp tes- war work. Among the guests of the tify to the efficiency of the Y. M. house are canteen workers, office em- C. A. in organizing Bible classes ployees and nurses.

M among soldiers. "I recently had the A Y. M. C. A. PARTY TORPEDOED pleasure," writes John Talmadge Ber- R. ARTHUR E. HUNGERgen in The Continent, "of spending FORD, and a party of fiftysome days at Camp Lewis, where N. F. Coleman is in charge of the re- seven Army Y. M. C. A. workers were _.on the British India Navigation Comligious work. pany's steamship, Orissa, when it was The usual method is to address the torpedoed on April 28. All the pasmen as soon as the evening meal is sengers and all except three of the finished. The Bible study plan is pre- crew were saved. Destroyers which sented and opportunity taken to secure were sent to the rescue picked them the signatures of men who care to up within half 'an hour and landed join the classes. They are told that them at a British port after a five the final object of the drive is to bring hours' trip. Upon their arrival in Lonthem to a saving knowledge of Jesus don they were taken in charge by the Christ. Men from all walks of civil life American Y. M. C. A. and the Red and of a great diversity of education . Cross. Although the vessel sank in . and social position at home unite in twelve minutes. after being struck, these classes. there was no panic, and the men were able to get off the ship in an orderly There are 8,000 lined up in the manner. Bible study drive at Camp Lewis and ready for class organization. Eighty The Orissa left an Atlantic port on classes are already ip operation from a April 12, with about two hundred and previous effort, fifty persons on board.

In the 362nd Infantry there are . twelve classes in active Bible study. MANY MORE CHAPLAINS Eight teachers, all from the ranks, THE new legislation, recently have charge of these classes. passed by Congress, at the request THE WOMEN AT THE FRONT of General Pershing, increases the ratio of chaplains in the Army to one "AMERICAN Hostess House"- for every 1,200 officers and men. The the second house in France to law which this bill amends had pro- bear this sign, is now in operation at vided for one chaplain to every regi- Tours. The first was the Hotel Pet- ment, but in May, 1917, the number rograd in Paris. of men in an infantry regiment was With the opening of the house at increased from 1,200 to 3,600. Tours, work is being carried on by the At the beginning of the war there War Work Council of the Y. W. C. A. in five cities in France-Paris, Tours, were sixty-seven chaplains in the St. Etienne, Bourges, and Lyons. Be- Army. At the present time there are sides these, Y. W. C. A. secretaries are 666, of whom 199 are Roman Catholic in charge of the social rooms for chaplains, 457 are Protestants and ten nurses in the Red Cross huts at Ameri- are of other groups. The new law can base hospitals. will permit the appointment of an ad- ditional 800. Here is the opportunity of the Church. If the Church will Regarding the opening of the Host- give them the backing they need in ess House at Tours, Miss Mabel C. personal interest, moral and spiritual Little writes: "All our rooms are tak- support, and additional equipment, the en and we could fill several more ministry of the Church to the young houses of the same size with Ameri- men of the Army will be of incalcula- can women. We have opened the din- ble result.

fROM l1fANY 1ANJD)S

SIAM AND MALAYSIA Laos Ready to Listen Opium in Siam THE people of Northern Siam are T HERE is an increasing need for expectinga Saviour to come to them anti-opium legislation in Siam-as and are therefore all the more ready to listen to the missionary message. is remarked by a Siamese writer in When Dr. Claude W. Mason went the White Elephant: . on an exploring expedition to find a During the year 1916-17 the value site for a residence at the new station of Chieng Rung, he pitched his tent of opium imported into Bangkok was under a tree, reported by the natives Ticals 2,772,024-(a Tical is equiva- to be the abode of an evil spirit. The lent to 37 cents). The following letter concerning the opium traffic, written fad that the spirit did not hurt the white man helped to dispel the' fear by a Chinese, appeared a short time ago in the Bangkok Times: "Sir:-In your leader of the 11th which the people had of him. Dr. Mason says.: inst. you stated that after the war the "We were especially guided here at opium question will be tackled. I need not refer at any length to the injury the Governor's birthday, when princes done by opium to the unfortunate Chinese, who are the principal consumers from all over the provinces have come all the world over. I and many others in to celebrate. Consequently we have will be very pleased and thankful to reached people from every district of the local Government if females are our new field. Many have called at the not allowed on the smoking premises, tent to see the wonderful sight of a either as 'maids' or perhaps as em- white man who can talk their lan- guage."

bellishments to the already brilliant MAgainst the Law in Borneo dens well illuminated with the numer- ANY a worker on the mission ous tiny opium lamps. In Singapore, field has had to remember the the British Government is doing its injunction to be "wise as serpents." utmost to close down shops that break Such a one was a certain Methodist the law. missionary who had been engaged to teach English in a Chinese school in "I hope the Siamese Government Borneo. His contract forbade his readwill fram~ a law for the earlier clos- ing the Bible in the classroom. More ing of the shops and forbidding of than that, he was told he could hold no girls on the premises, as a preliminary relig-ious services outside of school. to the abolition of opium smoking after the war." "What do you consider a religious APicturesque Definitions service?" he asked a high government officia1.

CERTAIN Siamese teacher is re- "Standing up in a house or under membered by a former mission- any roof with an audience of ten or ary chiefly because of his unique defi- more people," he was told.

nitions of English words. Some of "Thank you," he said and departed.

these are the following: That night he held a meeting. He Kick-A verb of the foot. gathered his band about him. Then he Hop-A verb of the frog. sat down on the floor.

Liar-A bad adjective for boy. For eighteen months he conducted Flattery-A good kind of curse services in this fashion, seated always word. on the floor with the Bible in his lap.

Wig-Hypocrite hair. At the end of that time, the g-overn- Bullet-Son of a gun. ment relented. Missionaries now stand Whiskey-Sin water. up and preach anywhere. Interest Among Javanese Moslems time to Red Cross work; hundreds AMONG the Moslems in Java there have started and maintained sewing is reported to be an increased in- meetings for medical or war purterest in the Gospel. A missionary in the town of Solo writes: poses. Missionaries have lectured on "Everywhere we find open doors. war themes in most of the principal Last year we baptized 65 adults and children. This year the number up till languages of the country; they have now is 48. We have Communion services four times a year, and baptisms as provided entertainments for the a rule just before. That means that there will be two more occasions for wounded; they have shown hospitalbaptism of adults this year. ity to soldiers from all lands. The "The trouble now is, that the cost of our station, because of its success, is Indian Sunday School Union has rapidly increasing. Also, as there is an increasing need of Dutch schools raised Rs 25,000 for the Belgian Chilfor the Javanese, we are opening as quickly as possible a number of dren's Relief Fund. Besides the help schools here, some for boarders, as the missionary influence in a boarding given in these and other ways there school is so much more effective. have been the magnificent efforts of "Mohammedan propaganda is increasing here. Two Moslems from the Y. M. C. A. in its war work de- British India came to us recently for a Malay-English New Testament, as partment." ' they wanted to learn the Malay language. They were acquainted with Bi- Theosophists' Idols ble stories, and told me that they did not consider the people here Moham- WHEN Kenneth]. Saunders of the medans." Y. M. C. A. of India visited the INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON headttuarters of the Theosophical So- ciety in India at Adyar, he found there Indian Missions in the War a beautiful shady room in which the central object is a shrine containing "THE help which Indian missions colossal marble figures of Madame has given to the Allies is greater Blavatsky and Colonel Olcott, the lat- ter in an American frock coat. He than is commonly supposed," says the says: "These people are the central' C. M. S. Review. "Hundreds of In- objects of worship; before them is a dian Christians have joined the labor vast copper vessel upon which the sacorps, and ten or fifteen missionaries cred lotus floats, and above them burns are "', [h them as' supervisors or assis- a dim lamp. Round about them are tant commandants. Much of the re- the lesser figures of the world's other cruiting of Indian Christian labor has prophets-Confucius, Gautama, Mobeen through mission agency. Many hammed and Christ. Above them is a Indian Christians, chiefly from the frieze in which the Cross, the Crescent Punjab, have enlisted in the army. No and the lingam stand side by side and fewer than a hundred missionaries are over the doorway is the motto, 'There engaged on active service as soldiers, is no religion higher than truth.' " chaplains, doctors, or nurses. and many other doctors and nurses have ABoy Scouts for India offered themselves to the Government MERICAN boys are not the only for local service, thus enabling others ones benefited by membership to go to the front. Missionary insti- in the Boy Scouts. The boys of India tutions have aided war funds liberal- need physical and moral discipline and ly. Women missionaries have given development such as Scout work brings.

Plans are under way to introduce the Scout Movement into India. The Marathi Mission of the American Board has taken the lead in the Bom- bay Presidency by the appointment of a council which will endeavor to do within its area what the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America

does in this country. The Council of leges, and the lower house of 401 the Mission is proposing to organize a members, one for every million of training sLhool for Indian scout mas- population. The Peking Daily News ters. The Y. M. C. A. of India, which says: is also awake to the value of this or- "The adoption of the revised provis- ganization to the boys, is in cordial ional constitution and the issue of co-operation with the Mission, and presidential mandates fixing the dates indeed has offered to one of its mis- for the elections to the two houses of sionaries, Mr. L. Henry Gates, the parliament clearly indicate that with- position of organizer of Boy Scouts in a very short time the country will for the Bombay Presidency.-The have a new legislature. Not only will Congregationalist. it be new in membership, but it will Self-Support or God's Support? be only a little more than half that of the unwieldy body twice sent about THE INDIAN WITNESS quotes, its business, and the basis of the fran- as "worthy of trial anywhere," the chise on which it is to be elected will be experience of Rev. George N. Thoms- slightly different. The old bodies un- . doubtedly w~re too large for the effectsen, who says: "After forty-five years of experience ive transaction of business, and the re- in India, I hate that expression 'Self- sult was that they actually transacted support.' It makes people self-ish. I an irreducible minimum of business.

have a church of 700 members. From The late parliament was too radica.l to the very beginning we chose the 50th be a safe body. The new body will not Psalm, with emphasis on sacrifice and have quite the same powers in the praise. I have learned that the way to drafting of the constitution as the old get money is by thank-offerings. Every body had, and this is a gain. It is al- Sunday after the usual collection we most without precedent for the legis- give an opportunity for thank-offer- lature to be entrusted with the draft- ings.. It is pathetic to see the people ing of the constitution."

bring their thank-offerings and hear Earthquake Damage at Swatow T them tell why they are thankful. HE disastrous earthquake,. whi~h "We have also a criminal settlement.

Those people come every Sunday and occurred at Swatow, Chma, m one will lay down his thank-offering March, involved a property loss to the and say, '0 Lord, we have been free American Baptist Foreign Mission So- and every policeman could catch us. ciety amounting to about $60,000. Of Now we are safe here, and we thank this amount, approximately $27,000 is Thee for it: and leave his gift. needed to replace three mission resi- "Since 1899, in our last station, we dences which have apparently been to- have had no preacher or teacher who tally destroyed. The missionaries rec- has received a salary from the Mis- ommend, upon advice of an arcHtect, sion. How has it all been accomplish- that these ought to be constructed of ed? We have laid the emphasis on reenforced concrete in order to pro- God's support, not self-support. That vide additional security.

is faith." Here is an unforeseen emergency in CHINA the work, a critical need for which no The New Parliament provision has been made in the cur- rent budget.

CHINA'S new parliament, to be convened June 10, will consist of Foochow College Stirred S two houses, the upper house to be EEKING to prepare the way for Sherwood Eddy's campaign in composed of 168 members, 30 of whom are to be elected by the differ- China, a number of American ent national organizations and the oth- preachers and educators visited vari- er 138 by the provincial electoral col- ous cities, holding meetings which

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

have been productive of encouraging nese teacher, twelve workmen, and results. President Beard, of Foochow over 150 Christians who pledged them- College, tells of the visit there of Pro- selves to more earnest service.

fessor Buchman, of Hartford Theolog- As a result, every student in the ical Seminary and his two compan- College, above freshman year, is a ions. He says: "There was no large Christian. Many of them have al- meeting. All the work was of a quiet, ready suffered persecution and others personal nature. But it was' deep and are ready to "endure hardness as good searching and it brought men bce to soldiers of Jesus Christ." The con- face with themselves and: with Jesus. verts are joining various churches, There have been many confessions by personal work is being continued, and: both teachers and students. Conver- the Christians are being enlisted for sions followed. In the graduating various fonus of service. This has class nine men, who had not joined been a great year for Canton Chris- the church, all asked admission to tian College.

A the church on the first Sunday in J an-Morphine Trade Stopped uary. The Sunday previous they each spoke in the Christian Endeavor meet- TTENTION has been called in ings and told why they had decided to the REVIEW to the way in which confess Christ pUblicly. both opium and morphine were being "In the classrooms there have been shipped into China through Japan.

many confessions, and many hard Now it is reported that the British feelings have been put aside. In one Government has taken steps to prevent classroom, instead of the regular reci- the introduction of morphine into Chi- tation, there was confession of wrong na by re-export from Japan. The di- done. That resulted in one of the stu- rector of the War Trade Department dents, who for three years had refused gives notice that applications for li- to believe in God, saying: 'I am con- censes to export morphia or cocaine vinced that Christianity is true. I am from Great Britain to Japan cannot be going to be a Christian.' His manner considered unless they are accompan- and his happy face showed that peace ied by certificates obtained from the had come to him when I met him a few Japanese Home Office or from the Jap- days after." anese authorities of the Kwangtung Sherwood Eddy at Canton leased territories, that the morphia or cocaine is for actual consumption in I N February Dr. George Sherwood Japan or in Dairen and its vicinity, Edd) again visited Canton and and is for medical purposes only.

held special services in the College In Spite of Brigands with remarkable results. Preparation was made during several months, and THE Kochau field of the South included a visit from Mr. Buchman, China Mission of the Presbyterian and prayer meetings by faculty and Church has seen a year of unrest, ow- students. A spirit of expectancy was ing to organized brigandage which aroused, and when Dr. Eddy came on has been rampant. Business in many February 27th, the students were places has been reduced to small local ready. By means of large charts the dealings as the transportation of speaker showed China as it is and as goods is unsafe. Traveling is done it may be, impressing the need of only in small companies or with a Christian ideals, and the power of guard.

Christ in the life. When he appealed The direct effect of this on mission for a decision on the qU,estion, "What work has been great difficulty of trav- shall I do with Jesus," 250 in the audi- el for both the missionary and the Chi- ence arose to express their decision or nese Christians. "We ourselves,"

reconsecration. This number included writes Rev. Charles H. Patton, "have 88 boys and five girl students, a Chi- been unhindered, though at times

seemingly in peril. For our members Robbers Being Refonned and inquirers it has been much more L INCHOW, CHINA, is richer by difficult. They dare not leave their having six hundred fewer robbers homes unguarded and any travel is to report. At the invitation of the properilous. In spite of it alI, however, vincial government they came from all one group at its own initiative held a over the province to begin life anew. week of special meetings, three ses- Some of them could not resist the sions daily, for Bible study and work temptation of one last fling when the conferences. One other group hearing opportunity presented itself, and as a of this has asked for workers to come result several scores of people are the and assist them in a similar week. poorer. They have been given a free Three groups are also raising funds pardon and those bearing guns were for the purchase of buildings for enlisted as soldiers. This plan of parchapels. Another celebrated the com- don was tried before in the early days pletion of remodeling its ,chapel by of the republic, but the pull of the old three days of meetings which were wild life proved too strong, and the robbers went off on little adventures, crowded and attended by alI the local until, when the government put out a gentry and officials. The work cost the restraining hand, they rose in insurrec- Mission nothing save indirect assist- tion. In consequence the whole counance."

tryside suffered from three years of The Insane in North China terror, nevertheless the government is "THE need of an institution for the willing to give them another trial at a insane in North China can less adventurous life. There are more than a' dozen ex-robbers in the Linscarcely be overestimated," says Dr. chow church now, and at the invita- James H. Ingram, of the North China tion of the local magistrate preaching Union Medical College in Peking. "At has begun in the Linchow prison.- present the insane are cared for by The Continent. their families. No allowance is made for the diseased condition of the mind. JAPAN-CHOSEN They are regarded as accountable for A Meeting of One Plus their actions, and are jeered at, scolded, tied up, starved and tortured. AJAPANESE Christian, of whom a According to modern theories of the certain missionary tells, probably treatment of this class of patients, never heard the expression, "One and such treatment only increases the mal- God are a majority," but he had some ady and hastens mental deterioration. ideas of his own when it came to I knew of one man who was violently making out a report of the work which insane. His mother hired ruffians to has been begun in his village. The break a leg and an arm of her son, in missionary, after a tour in the counorder that he might not be able to ter- try, writes of this village, Mivato: rorize the neighborhood. The poor "From October 11th, when the wretch's sufferings were so great that Branch was organized, until the end he managed to commit suicide. of the year, they held nine meetings, "The only institution in China run with an average attendance of four.

on modern principles for the care of I must tell you of the first meeting.

the insane is in Canton. This institu- We had organized on a week day, and tion is overcrowded and is 1,500 miles the members had promised faithfully distant from Peking. The place in to rpeet every Sunday, but it seems Peking sometimes calIed an asylum for that, with one exception, they had not the insane is nothing more nor less got it clearly in their heads that they than a prison where the insane are were to begin the very next Sunday.

confined, and put in chains when nec- At the appointed time the young man essary."-Missionary Herald. referred to, whose name is Kira Hat-

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sumi, went to the place of meeting, but gratitude." So says Baron Yun Chi no one else came. He was intensely Ho, the distinguished Korean Chrisinterested in the success of this work, tian. He goes on to give his ideas of and it evidently cost him a struggle to the sort of education which Korean reconcile himself to this disappoint- girls need; ment, but he did not forget the rule that there must be a prompt report of "The Korean girls who are being every meeting. He sent one in, and educated in mission schools are to live it contained this item: 'Members pres- and work in Korean homes, many of ent: The Father, the Son, the Holy them in poor homes. So to educate Ghost, Kira Hatsumi, and the Devi1.' " them as to make them unsuitable to a Korean home would be a great mis- Y. M. C. A. in Japan and Korea take. For instance, to prepare food and to make dresses have been the ex- THE Tokyo Y. M. C. A. has been clusive province of the Korean woman. pioneering in the industrial field The inability or unwillingness of a newly educated girl to take up these under the leadership of Secretary duties does more than anyone thing to Merle Davis and his colleague Ara- prejudice the Koreans against female kawa (who studied sociology in New edu{:ation. It is my firm belief that it York University). So convincingly is more useful for a Korean girl to have they set forth the need of Chris- learn to cook and sew well than to tian work in this neglected third of play on a piano. By all means emphathe capital that two missionary socie- size domestic science in the curricuties have already decided to open work lum Cultivate the taste for flowers among them, and the Association di- and pictures, rather than waste time rectors and a group of Christian manu- in dabbling in astronomy and botany" facturers have shown remarkable keenness of desire for Association ex- Drafting Pastors for Missionary Work tension work among these artisans. T HE foreign missionary work con- For years the Seoul Korean Asso- ducted by the Korean Church in ciation has been unique in its indus- Shantung, China, was recently in trial department and its crowded relig- great need of workers. The matter was ious meetings gnder the leadership of presented to the Korean General Asthat young-hearted veteran, Yi Sang sembly, and the foreign mission board Jey. The Hon. Yun Chi Ho, as gen- searched and prayed for the men to eral secretary, has· effected long-de- recommend to the Assembly. They sired reforms. Even if he were not of might have called for volunteers, but noble lineage, he would deserve to be the Korean Church drafts its missioncalled a prince of a secretary. The ooys' aries. Every drafted man has gone division, founded only a year ago, thus far. leaped at once to a membership of 550, which it has maintained. A Korean The hoard finally came in before the secretary, oorn to work with boys, has Assembly with the name of the pastor carried the details of the work. Gvm- of the First Church in Taiku City, Rev. nasium classes enrolled 800 and had a S. H. Hong. They chose one of the weekly· attendance of over 1,400, big, well-known men-a man the whole among them Japanese and missionar- church of Korea would trust and love. ies, as well as Koreans of all ages from twelve to fifty.-Foreign Mail. Liked within and without the church drc1es, gradually he has grown in in- What Korean Girls Need fluence and authority in the Korean General Assembly, in which he has "I F the Christian missionaries had held important offices year after year. accomplished nothing else in Korea, the introduction of female edu- In Taiku, consternation reigned for cation alone deserves our lasting a time but all gave in happily at the last. Presbytery and the session of

First Church gave their consent, and December 31, 1916, the total church Pastor Hong soon started on his way membership in the United States in- as a missionary to China. creased twenty per cent, from 35,068,- 058 to 42,044,374; the number of Lepers Much at Peace churches 7.4 per cent, from 212,230 to WHEN W. M. Danner, American 228,007 ; the number of ministers, 16.3 per cent, from 164,830 to 191,722; the se~r.etary of the Mission to Lep- number of Sunday-school scholars, 34.1 per cent, from 15,337,811 to 20,- ers, vIsited the Leper Asylum at 569,831; the number of Sunday-school Kwangju, Korea, he saw 200 lepers, officers and teachers, 17.4 per cent, from 1,746,074 to 2,049,293. These all well clothed, clean and looking hap- facts are reported by the Census Bu- reau's recent inquiry relating to reIigpy and contented. At a service held i~u.s bodies, compiled under the super- VISIOn of Mr. William C. Hunt chief during his stay, seventeen outcast beg- statistician for population. '

gar lepers appeared! begging to be The distance American Christians are removed from church union is taken in. The Christian lepers plead- shown by the fact that the total num- ber of denominations covered by the ~d that they might be received, offer- statistics was 201, an increase of 13 mg to share their own food and cloth- over !he number reported for 1906, droppmg out of 16 small denominaing with them. Mr. Danner says: tions, and adding of 29 small denomi- nations, some of which have come into "Here was the crisis hour in the lives existence since 1906. . All religious denominations in of these seventeen persons. To be re- America include only one-half of the fused admission meant to each of them population in their membership, and' of these 15,742,262, or 37.4 per cent are months or years of weary, painful, out- Roman Catholics, and 61 per cent. or 25,691,774 are Protestants. It is worth cast beggary. To be received would while to notice the non-Christian sects mean food, care, companionship, love, that are growing up in America, 359,· and home, and, above all, a knowledge ?98 are Jewish men, which probably mclude 2,000,000 Hebrews and their of God. Who could refuse such an ap- families. Roman Catholics include chil- dren in their figures, while Protespeal? tants enumerate only communicants.

"The next day we again visited the Asylum and, on looking over the con- gregation, failed to recognize the out- cast friends of yesterday. Their white garb and cheerful faces were in marked contrast to their condition of the previous day. On being asked if they were in comfort they replied, 'We are very much at peace.''' All of the ~OO lepers in the Asylum are Chris- tians. save the newest tchoemseerss~veanntdeeint is wholly probable that persons will become Christians also.

NORTH AMERICA Among the other non-Christian Growth of American Churches sects reported are Mormons, 462,332. Buddhists have not reported since 1906 M:)RE accurate than Dr. H. K. Car. when they claimed 3,1,65 members, and roll's statistics are those of the 24 temples. Evidently there is work to be done in America before it can U. S. Bureau of Statistics. So that claim to be a Christian land. These rewhile church growth does not always cent statistics are more complete than mean Christian growth, and statistics those published in the May REVIEW. do not always indicate life, it is important that we have accuracy so far I as possible. A Southern Methodist Program The progress in the church member- N harmony with the recent action ~hip of America in the past ten years of the CNhourrtchherSnouMthethhaosdisatds~ptthede IS encouraging, if not satisfying. . Methodist During the ten-year period ended a world program, and assumed a budg-

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et of $35,000,000 in order to carry it During the past year, 21,847 persons out. Commenting on this, the Centen- were placed on probation by courts of ary Bulletin, which is issued by the New York State, an increase of 13 Methodists of the North, says: per cent. over 1916.

"The Centenary W orId Program has The commission recommends the been too big from the beginning to employment of efficient, salaried pro- leave conspicuous place for personali- bation officers, men and women, ap- ties. Likewise the conception and the pointed under civil service in every world need which we face are too big city and county of the State.

for any sectarian spirit. We do not have before us two Methodist pro- "God's Language" grams but a WorId Program. The common Centenary of our missionary THE native name for the new Nav-. aha Bible is God Bizad, God's work becomes not an opportunity for denominational self-glorification, but Language. Surely no greater service for the framing of a new and more than this work of translation could comprehensive program of conquest have been done for the Navaho people, for Christ which will make the next who number over 30,000, and whose hundred years even more worthy of 93 per cent. of illiteracy makes their country "the darkest spot in the Unit-:- celebration than the last." "If this program takes shape," said ed States." Dr. JQhn R. Mott at the conclusion of The Rev. Herman Frijling, mishis great address before the Board of sionary of the Christian Reformed Foreign Missions last November, Church located at Fort Defiance, Ariz., "mark my word, it will bring new now among the Zuni Indians, was the life to Methodism. We need some- pioneer in reducing the language to thing which will stir our latent capaci- writing in 1905. ties' for sacrifice, heroism, adventure, Rev. F. G. Mitchell, of Tolchaco, leadership and cooperation within our Ariz., one of the present translators, great communion; that will lead us writes: to join more closely to other Christian "The Navaho young people in the bodies as this program evolves; above Training School at Tolchaco, Ariz., all, that will lead us to seek His Face were very happy indeed when the beautifully printed Scriptures in their and be found in Him." own language came from the Amer- The War and Juvenile Delinquency ican Bible Society, and the mission- aries at the various stations are ex- SINCE the early days of the war, re- ceedingly grateful for this much-need- ports have come from various bel- ed help for which they have waited so lang." ligerent countries of fne increase of delinquency among the young. Now the United States is beginning to see LATIN AMERICA similar consequences of the war. The A Doctor in Mexico annual report of the Probation Commission for 1917, which was presented SINGLE-HANDED as a doctor and to the N ew York State Legislature with very little help from his in April, shows the need, not only for church Dr. Salmans, who has been probation officers, but for the protec- working as a medical missionary for tive work on which the Young Wom- twenty-five years ,in Guanajuato, Mex- en's Christian Association has laid ico, has built up a large hospital and such stress in its war activities. won the confidence of the people. In, The commission points out the need the summer of 1916 he broke down for extended supervision of amuse- from overwork, and for six months ments, and the prevention of the pro- was recuperating in California. In miscuous meeting of young girls and January, 1917, he returned to Guana- soldiers. juata. He found the popUlation de-

C cimated in a way that is almost impos- Delivered From Image Worship sible to believe. "Of our accustomed ~ popUlation of 97,000, we found there O NE of the recent converts of the and alive only ab<>ut 10,000. Many Guatemala mission is an old had emigrated to other parts on the woman, who all her life has worship- closing of the mines and other large ped images. enterprises, but a much larger num- ber had succumbed to the terrible ty- A faithful Bible woman gave some- phus, famine and other causes, it being thing of her experience both as an probable that a larger proportion of image worshipper, and in her life as those who fled perished than of those a Christian, and taught the aged who remained in the city. woman how to pray direct to God. Praying directly to the Heavenly "God has made tender the hearts Father in the name of Christ was a • of the Guanajuatensians, so that we new and wonderful experience. Car- find them more accessible to the gospel rying all her troubles, which were invitations than ever before. We have many, directly to God soon brou~ht more children and youth matriculated joy and peace. When the BIble in our schools than ever, and more woman again entered that home, she people are seeking baptism and ad- was met by the wife and! mother, mission to membership in the Church whose face was beaming with a new than ever in former times. The de- joy. She was hungry for more Bible mands for our medical services have study, and has been growing rapidly also been insistent as never before." in her Christian life. -Medical Missions. Prospect in Paraguay A Dispensary in Vera Cruz T HE section of unevangelized ter- T HE opening of Presbyterian med- ritory in South America allotte? to ical missionary work in Vera Cruz was due to the enterprise of the Disciples in the interdenomma- the Mexican pastor, Rev. Jose Coffin. He first interested a young druggist tional agreement which grew out of and then the Christian Endeavor So- ciety of the church. The dispensary the Panama Congress, comprises Par- was begun in the church building with a big bottle of quinine and great aguay and the three adjacent Argent- faith. Through the kindness of the Superintendent of a big oil company, ine provinces of Entre Rios, Coo:- a building site was secured and a new building was erected, for which the rientes and Misiones. Parag-uay IS people gave largely of their time and labor, as well as of money. Thirty at present a great undeveloped terri- firms and drug stores contributed to the cause and the dispensary was tOry with unlimited natural wealth ready for work and reports. 721 -pa- tients treated in a period of about six and boundless future possibilities. months. Only two drug stores re- fused to contribute, but the labor and Since it is nearly as large as Spain material contributed amounted to $3,- and has a much richer soil with 500 and the lot, building and equip- scarcely any waste land. it bids fair ment are valued at $10,000, Mexican, within the next few decades to be- all free. Four Mexican physicians come the home of many millions of give their services and the patients peoole. represent many nationalities, ranging from four years of age to over eighty. But it is also a country of great des- promisin~ ftiietuldtiofno~ such as make,; it a missionary effort. The uni- versity has but one college, the col- lef!e of law. Out of a national popu- lation of nearly 1.000.000. there are only 288 teachers in training. Some of these must take the place of those now engaged in teachinfT. The illiter- acy is appalling. In the cities and towns the percentage is above sixty.

In the rural districts it is much worse.

Out of a school population of nearly

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250,000 only 80,142 go to school. In ultimately it is a moral world, and that 1916 there were thirty-eight schools a nation that deliberately thinks that less than the year before. In the whole men and munitions are the only things country there are only 477 schools for that matter will never win the war. boys and 473 for girls. The only leaders who have had the vision and the courage to say so plain- The morality of the country leaves ly are two men who have stood most a great deal to be desired. In one dis- closely to the stern realities of the trict the percentage of illegitimacy war-Sir David Beatty and Sir Wilreaches the shocking figure of seventy- liam Robertson. For the rest, we two per cent. are invited, e. g., to listen to minis- terial talk about reduced meals at resf ~' taurants, whilst we know that hun- dreds of thousands of tons of grain EUROPE and immense quantities of sugar are still to be retained to provide a prodL. A Gift Before Going Down uct that diminishes genuine efficiency and clogs the wheels of victory. How M ANY people have grown accus- can a people nu.rsing such insincerities tomed to reading the "total at its heart expect to overcome? To shipping loss for a week" without believe that it can be so is to believe thinking of the men who have gone in an irrational, unmoral wot:ld. We down with the merchant ships which think we can make our studied calhave been "torpedoed and lost." But culations about men and munitions and the tragedy comes home very close to shut our eyes to the inconvenient the workers of the Scripture Gift Mis- moral issues. We think we can drink sion, who give copies of the Word of strong spirits and at the same time God to the sailors at the various ports win the war. We cannot. Vision for touched by the ships, often for the victory will not be vouchsafed to us in last time. our cups, but on our knees.-J. Y. Simpson of Edinburgh. A seamen's missionary in a western port writes: Work for French Wom,en "I do not know how to express in M ISS MARY DINGMAN, induswriting my thanks for the supply of trial expert and Young Wom- Gospels your Mission has sent me en's Christian Association worker in for distribution among our sailors, France, in a recent letter says: "More but you will, I know, excuse any un- than 13,000 women are working in ofdue words. I can only bless God and fices in Paris and vicinity. This is an take courage. Two ships, one French. indication of the needs created by the other English, were torpedoed the great exodus of women out of within the last fortnight. I gave away their homes into commel'cial and in- Gospels to both crews-sad! The dustrial lives. I visited a factory on French were delighted with them. but the outskirts of Paris where the out- put is 45,000 shells a day, and where r understand they all went down. This many thousand of men and women are employed. I also made a trip to shows additional evidence of the sol- Lyons to see a new plant whose manemn responsibility of a missionary agement was willing to give space to and the inestimable value of your a foyer for women. In Lyons, a city mission." of more than a million inhabitants, there were motley crowds. Some of Prohibition for Britain the men and women work in chemical factories where the acids turn their I N the spring of 1915 the British hands, faces, hair and clothing yellow. government faced the liquor traffic situation, but shrank from the issue. And ever since that date the allied cause has gone steadily back. To some it is a mere coincidence; to oth- ers it has become an intimation that, after all, whether we like it or not, we are living in God's world, that

When you realize what they are doing, the wives and daughters of preachers you know that they are as essential to are taking their places in the pulpits the war as the men at the front-yet and are carrying on the regular almost nothing has been done for their church work which now consists chief- physical, moral and spiritual welfare." ly of war relief. Just at present they are bending their energies to furnish- German Care for English Prisoners ing warm garments for the soldiers in THE war has brought many illus- the North. There are splendid or- trations of the way in which in- ganizations in Rome, Genoa, Naples, Florence and Milan where women are dividual Christians in all the belliger- rallying heroically to the service and ent countries have shown a true re- are being given proper recognition for gard for those who are politically their sacrifices." their enemies. Among these is the following item from Germany: Y. W. C. A. Pioneers in Russia "An arrangement for the religious welfare of the English prisoners is HAVING stuck by their guns all found in Paderborn where Chaplain- through the turbulence in Rus- Superintendent Klingender includes sia, the eight representatives of the this work in his parochial program. National Y. W. C. A. report Associa- Every fourteen days an English serv- tion work opened in four places in ice is held in the old 'Abdinghuf' that country. Miss Clarissa Spencer, church, led by the superintendent. It who passed through one revolution in is only since the war that he has learn- Moscow, remains at her post in that ed English. One of the soldiers is the city, and Miss Helen Ogden and Miss volunteer organist. In addition to this Clara 1. Taylor, who were there until service the superintendent delivers recently, have gone eastward 900 miles regularly sermons in all the hospitals to the city of Samara, where they in his town, where English prisoners have launched Association work.

are. He also takes the English Evan- Miss Katherine Childs and Miss Mur- gelical prisoners into the church and iel Heap, who were held in Vladiv- the names of those who die in the bar- ostok, en route to Russia, are still in racks or town of Paderborn are men- that city and they, too, report having tioned at the church service. The begun Association work for women Dean, as the superintendent is called and girls of that city.

by the English soldi~rs, has a warm No word was received for some . place in the hearts of the prisoners." time from the three secretaries who were obliged to abandon the work they War an Emancipator in Italy had begun in Petrograd when the American Ambassador left that city. "T HIS great war, terrible as it is, But the last letter from one of them, might be called the Emancipator Miss Elizabeth Boies, tells of the beof women in Southern Italy." So ginnings of educational classes, gymwrites Rev. B. M. Tipple, Superintend- nastics and social gatherings in Mosent of the Methodist Episcopal Church cow. in Rome, who has recently arrived in America. MOSLEM LANDS He continues: "The old feeling Why Not War With Turkey? prevalent in Italy that her women should be cloistered is losing ground M ANY are puzzled to know why and the ideals of Great Britain and the United States, which is now America are rapidly coming to the at war with Germany and Austria, has front. Today woman is taking her not declared war on Turkey. The ex- stand beside man and, in many cases, planation is given in an important she is carrying on his work. We' see memorandum presented to Senator this particularly in our churches, where' Lodge by Dr. James L. Barton, secre-

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tary of the American Board, who recently wrote the following letter to shows that both Turkey and Bulgaria a friend in New York: are under the military rule of the Germans, and have no power to throw "I am surprised today that I am it off. The main body of Turkish 0.£- still living to write friends and relaficials, and the people themselves, are tives. About 15,000 died of typhus in friendly to the United States and hos- Beirut alone. I wonder if after a year tile to Germany. Leading Turkish of- you can find 10,000 men left in Beirut. ficials have repeatedly declared that Hunger, poverty, disease and the Turkey had no chance of winning by atrocity of Turkey will hardly leave this alliance, and is running the risk men in the city. I am now under the of losing everything. If Germany English rule in Jerusalem and am very wins, Turkey's soyereignty will be happy that I am free." sacrificed. If the United States should now declare war on Turkey, German British Justice in Palestine officials would at once seize the large plants of American colleges and insti- CONDITIONS in Palestine today tutions in Constantinople, Smyrna, are in marvelous contrast with Beirut and elsewhere and put them to military uses. Furthermore, with those which prevailed before the Brit- America in friendly relations to Turk- ish General, AlIenby, set up a military ey there is some opportunity for Amer- administration in Jerusalem. An ican missionaries to continue their re- American resident of that country lief work among the Armenians and writes to the Associated Press: Syrians. "The removal of the old ·Ottoman American College Relief Work regime which had for its primary ob- ject setting one class against another, ONSTANTINOPLE College for the complete respect for the feelings C Women has' about 350 students and rights of all religious sects, the this year, including Greeks, Armeni- establishment of really equitable judians, Turks and Bulgarians. Today cial tribunals and the excellent bethe institution is not only a college havior of the British troops have alof high standing, but it is also ·a re- ready had a marked effect, not only lief station. It ha,rbors needy and des- on the people of the towns, but also titute girls who have felt the pinch of on the wild Bedouin. All through the war only too keenly, and the bitterness liberated districts the British authorof persecution. While it educates its ities have been afforded every possible students, it shelters and protects them assistance, and the British methods of at the same time. It has made of it- dealing with religious questions are in self a center for the poor of the im- general approved by the various religimediate neighborhood, where they can ous communities. come for help and work, where they know they will meet with kindness "On all sides it is evident that the and sympathy. The college at one new administration is regarded as a time volunteered fifteen hundred gar- great relief after the tyrannous corments for the hospitals. The money ruption of the Turk." for' this' scheme was collected by a committee made up of representatives All Christian sects pledged to obof the student body and the faculty. serve Easter at the holy places with concord, burying ancient strifes. About 4000 Jews held an open air meeting on the Mount of Olives on April 11th, when British Zionists mad~ addresses.

First-Hand News from Beirut Relief Needs in Palestine A BEIRUT man, formerly a student REV. STEPHEN TROWBRIDGE in the Syrian Protestant College, now escaped from Syria to Jerusalem, in February left Cairo for Jeru- sa~em, to act as secretary of the relief

committee which has been established, carried them, was the gift of loyal with Bishop MacInnes as chairman. natives of India. The fact that on one The Committee for Armenian and day, the second year of the .war, 6,- Syrian Relief received the following 000 beds in the Bombay hospItal were cablegram from him soon after his occupied by soldiers, gives some idea arrival: of the staff of Indian and European "Your first remittance bought 200 nurses required.

tons rice, wheat, medical supplies.

Thousands thank America. Workers A War University now in Jerusalem. Bethlehem clinic, THE Indian Young Men's Christian Hebron Hospital, Jerusalem Dispen- Association in Mesopotamia is sary and Orphanage, with one hundred children opened. Over 250 in Jaffa operating a university in that historic orphanage. Food very scarce, also land. Makinah University (in confuel and clothing. Furniture, clothing, everything being sold, sacrificed nection with the Makinah Y. M. C. for food. Fifty thousand sufferers A.), which was first opened in N0directly accessible Jerusalem, and 1,- vember, 1917, was after a week of 600 destitute Bethlehem. Refugees flocking to Jaffa. Relief camp neces- vacation reopened on January 2nd. sary. Sickness, destitution serious, Classes are conducted in Anatomy, especially in cities. Funds in hand Engineering, Theology, Chemistry, very inadequate. Refugee hospital Mohammedanism, Arabic, Hindu- Gaza crowded. More required. Seed, stani, Electricity and Magnetism, etc. grain, clothing, medical supplies can be secured in Egypt for Palestine. [why not in Christianity ?l. Th~ plan British military authorities offer all possible transportation facilities and is to offer each man five mghts In the urge immediate action. week five different subjects. Arrange- ments are being made for lectures in continuous series for Permanent Base Men. Five small tents are often un- able to accommodate all the men who choose certain subj ects for the even- Y. W. C. A. in Mesopotamia ing. Offi·cers, privates and Y. M. C. A. secretaries are the lecturers.-The I N Busrah, Mesopotamia, is a Y. W. Student W orid. C. A. Club for war nurses, started by special request of the British Gov- New Schools in Mecca ernment. A MONG various· reforms intro- "It is difficult for us to realize how duced by Sherif Hussein Ibn Ali, much this club means to the nurses," the King of the Hedjaz, into that porwrites Miss Alice Shields. "Mesopo- tion of Arabia which he has liberated tamia is one of the dustiest places on from Turkish misrule has been the deearth. The heat during the summer is velopment of education. Five or six intense-this year's record reached primary schools and a military school 130'-besides which sand flies, mos- have been opened at Mecca and two quitos, house flies and other things primary schools at Jiddah. The saniinnumerable combined to make life a tation of Mecca is being improved and continuation of hardships. Into this its streets widened; orders regUlating place the club has gone with cool, pret- the charges on pilgrims for the camels ty rooms and good piano, nice food for the journey from Jiddah to Mecand home comforts." ca, and for l,odgings in the holy city Until recently, soldiers sick and are strictly enforced; and travelers bewounded in Mesopotamia have had a tween the two towns are accompanied voyage of three and a half days to by Bedouin police. The wholesale ki~­ reach the nearest hospital relief. It napping of Sudanese women and chIlis interesting to know that a fleet of dren has been almost entirely stopped, seven splendid hospital ships which -C. M. S. Review.

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Suffering Greeks in the Caucasus American flag in the mission com- A GREAT number of Greeks have pound in 1915. been deported from the coast regions along the Black Sea, the Mar- The Gospels and the Koran mora and' the Aegean into the inter- THE sacred books of the Mohamme- ior, especially into the villages of Ko- dans and of Christians both claim nia, Tocat, Sivas and Angora. Thou- to be revelations from God. Moslems sands of them are in a pitiful condi- have, however, always refused to tion, especially the women and chil- translate their Koran into infidel lan- dren. The American Committee for guages, claiming that it was originally Armenian and Syrian Relief is doing dictated in Arabic, which is the lan- all in its power to relieve the terrific guage of heaven. Moslems, who wish suffering. During the recent fighting to be versed in their scriptures must in Trebizond many of the Greeks es- know Arabic, but although they mem- caped to Batoum and other places in orize, and can quote the Koran, and the Caucasus and 50,000 or more are use it to uphold their theological reported in flight to Crimea. Trebi- views, it is not a book which the com- zond, when it was in the hands of the mon people can understand. Not long Russians, was a place of refuge for ago an Arab, who had received a copy thousands of exiles from the Black of the gospels, began to read it. He Sea coast towns and villages. turned to Mr. Van Ess, the mission- ary, and said, "This is not the Gos- The Refugees in Urumia pel." Being assured that it was, he replied, "This cannot be the Gospel, A GAIN the American Mission com- because I can understand it, and I can- pound in Urumia, Persia, may be not understand the Koran." He conthe refuge for pursued Assyrian tinued to read the Christian Scrip- Christians. tures until he was convinced of their truth as a revelation from God, and During his recent visit to Persia he became a Christian. Mr. William T. Ellis was present one Sunday morning at the regular church The Bible shows its divine characservice in the village of Geogtapa. ter in its adaptability to all peoples Dr. William H. Shedd of Urumia and languages. It carries its mesasked all those present, who had sage to the Arab, the European, the stayed in the American compound African and the Chinese with equal during the siege of Urumia, in 1915, force, to arise. Almost the entire congrega- Recently Christian literature societion stood up. ties have been asked to publish the It was not easy to realize that this Koran in Chinese for Chinese Moslarge company owed actual life itself lems. The reason is that the best evito the American flag; and that had it dence that the Koran is not comparnot been for the resourcefulness of able with the Bible as the word of God the American missionaries, all those is found by reading them both. A women would have been violated, and comparison of their contents has led all, or most of the men killed. More- many a Mohammedan to acknowledge over, less than two years ago not a the truth of the Christian Scriptures. person in that church had possessed To show this contrast more clearly anything but the clothes he or she had Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer has published worn in flight from the village, but a leaflet in which passages from the thanks to American relief funds, the Koran and the gospels are printed in parallel columns, "The word of God village has been rehabilitated, and is on a self-supporting basis. Those 500 is quick and powerful, and sharper Christians were but a fraction of the than any two-edged sword, piercing 15,000 who took refuge under the even to the dividing asunder of soul

and spirit and of the joints and mar- day, 'Sahib, the bread won't go row, and is a discerner of the thoughts down. 1 soak it in water, but it sticks and intents of the heart." (Heb. IV: in my throat.'

12.) They are hungry and dying, and there are more dead than are buried.

Mar Shimun of Persia Killed Men and women once in good circum- M AR SHIMUN, who has been stances, self-respecting and respected murdered in Persia, is said to be by others, now hungry, helpless and "the first political head of a nationality friendless crawl away out of sight, die who has paid the supreme sacrifice unseen and lie unburied.

in this war." Mar Shimun was the AFRICA civil and religious head of the Assy- How Much Is a Wife Worth? rian Christians, a people who, includ- ing 35,000 in Persia, number alto- ONE difference between those gether about 125,000 souls. whose lives conform to the teach- Mar Shimun was a man of marked ing of Christ, and those who are still and attractive personality, and brave- under the influence of Islam is seen in ly led his people through the suffer- the following incident: ings and perils which have beset them A mission in Kabylia once employed since the Turks took Urumia in 1915. a doctor to come from Algiers at regu- Now "he has given his life, and he is lar periods to treat the sick of its vilbeing mourned not only in Persia, but lages. Hundreds of Kabyles suffering also by the 5,000 Nestorian Christians from all sorts of maladies, presented in America. themselves at the mission house for treatment:-receiving at'the same time To his people he was both a King Christian balm for sick souls. Albert and a Cardinal Mercier, and the Assyrian Highlanders who mourn his One day a sturdy mountaineer arloss are a gallant remnant who are de- rived after having walked forty kilofending their women and children meters from his village, carrying his against armed Mohammedans. Se- wife all the way on his back! After vere famine conditions also prevail, making an examination of the womand it is feared that most of the As- an, the doctor declared that an opera- tion would have to be performed, of syrian men may be killed and the too grave a nature to be attempted women and children left unprotected.

" IA Dark Picture from Persia without proper aid and nursing. But if the man would consent to send his WANT to state some startling wife to Algiers, the doctor would see facts and to paint a black pic- that she got into the hospital and was ture. 1 only fear that being a mission- well cared for.

ary, and therefore not a pessimist, 1 "How much would that cost me?"

cannot paint it black enough." So an asked the Kabyle.

American missionary in Persia begins UNot over two hundred franc~," the a recent letter. He continues: doctor told him. "And without the "1 fear it is not generally under- operation she will live only a short stood in America that the bulk of the time."

people we are helping get nothing in The man thought for a space, then the way of food but dry bread; no replied: "I am very much obliged to meats, no soups, no vegetables, no su- you for your advice, but it is not worth gars; less than a pound of dry bread the trouble. I can buy a new wife with daily-that is all. It gets monotonous, two hundred francs."

to say the least: An old woman, a good He loaded his suffering help-mate old friend of mine since years before onto his back and started off on his the war, and one who was in excel- wearisome homeward journey.-Mis~ lent circumstances, said to me the other sionary News.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Human Boys in Africa "Her husband bought her with ivory or a woman, or what not, and this soft I T takes more than technical skill to answer from a thing so bought out- conduct a printing plant successful- rages her owner to a frenzy. In the ly in Africa. John H. Bradford, who wind of that frenzy Mendana goes is in charge of the Presbyterian mis- down the Metet hill before her hussion press at Elat, West Africa, shows band. If she is strong she will wear how well-equipped he is with the es- him out, and will hold her place in the sential quality of sympathy. He Tribe of God. Many wear their huswrites: bands out, and many more do not."

"To people at home who seem to think we are laboring among a lower class of human beings, I can say that Islam in Nyasaland in all essentials the African scholar is SCOTCH missionaries in Nyasaland a duplicate of the American. He is just as mischievous, just as full of feel that they are "up against the tricks, just as full of fun and obsti- outmost edge of the Moslem advance." nacy, and hates to be compelled to One of them writes: "Nyasaland is so truly on the outer work, just about as the average Ameri- ring of Islam that the bounary practican boy would rather go fishing, hunting or playing than work. Twelve cally runs between Blantyre and Zomhours' work a week pays the African ba. Around Blantyre and south of it boy sufficient money to buy his food we find a few Moslems here and there. for the following week, but like the Around Zomba they are in evidence, American boy he is apt to spend it all and north of Zomba, at the south end on Saturday on a delicacy, or a piece of Lake Nyasa, they swarm. We thereof apparel, and count on living off the fore experience here the 'lappings of other fellow, or taking what he wants the first waves of the rising tide of from the gardens." Islam that is steadily advancing all over Africa. Islam, in the sphere of the Church of Scotland Mission, pre- An African Wife's Testing sents itself not as a local item of re- M ISS JEAN MACKENZIE, who ligious belief, but as a challenge, where has just come home from West two empires meet, as to whether that Africa, gives !the following picture of Muhammad or that of Christ is to from Metet, West Africa. "Metet is. prevail. Locally, Christianity has ena settlement among the Bene tribe. It tered Nyasaland via the Zainbezi and cannot be said that this tribe is gener- Shire rivers. Islam has followed the ally interested in the Word of God, or old slave routes from Zanzibar inland. that there is any conspicuous softening At the south end of the Lake, where of Bene manners as a result of the these routes meet, Islam is thickest, Mission settlement in their midst. The and the Universities' Mission of the Bene response to the Gospel is indivi- Church of England, there established, ual, and not tribal; there is a tribal has the hardest task of all. To ap- proach Moslems here is easy, for there indifference, and property rights in is little fanaticism, if any, and they women make for much cruel perse- tend rather to apologize for themselves cution of the girls and women who on the score that they are as good as have given themselves to the Tribe Christians." of God.

. "'Whom do you want to love?' asks The Malagasy Bible Mendana's husband, as they stand in the moonlight before the little group TWO devoted Welshmen, David of Christians, black and white. Men- Jones and David Griffiths, the pio- dana, speaking for such women, says: neers of the London Missionary So- 'I want to love God and I want to ciety in Madagascar, began to trans- love my husband.' late the Scriptures, and in 1830 the

New Testament was issued from the utation. He made his influence felt mission press in Antananarivo. Such in many spheres, and won many was the demand that not one in twenty friends in America and other lands. who applied for Testaments was able Dr. Mabie was long identified with the to obtain a copy. The version of the American Baptist Missionary Union. Old Testament was nearly completed He was born in Belvidere, Illinois, in when in 1835 a storm of persecution 1847, and after his graduation from broke out, and by royal edict to possess the Baptist Theological Seminary at Christian books became a crime pun- Chicago he served as pastor of several ishable by death. By great exertion churches in the Middle West; later he the missionaries contrived to finish traveled in Japan, China and India to printing the Bible and to place it in visit the mission stations. He died at the hands of their converts before his home in Boston on April 30th, at they were driven from the island. 71 years of age. Among his best When the missionaries returned in known books are: "The Meaning and 1862, they found that the little band Message of the Cross," and "Methods of Malagasy Christians had multiplied in Soul Winning." An autobiography fourfold. of Dr. Mabie has recently been pub- lished under the title – "From Ro- The Malagasy version has been mance to Reality." more than once revised, and its present form is largely due to the labor w. M. Morrison of Africa of the veteran L. M. S. missionary, W. E. Cousins. The news of the death of Rev. W. M. Morrison, D.D., at Luebo, Congo ISLANDS OF THE SEA BeIge, on March 14th, in his fifty- The Indians in Fiji second year, has brought to the South- ern Presbvterian Chul'ch and other CHRISTIANS in Australia are feel- friends o( missions in Africa a sense ing keenly the problem introduced of irreparable loss, for Dr. Morrison's was one whom those who knew his into Fiji by the extensive immigration work ranks with that of Livingstone. of Hindus and Mohammedans from He reached Luebo in 1897, and in his India, who now constitute seventy-five twenty-one years in the field he travper cent of the population. Rev. F. C. eled thousands of miles on foot and Andrews, of India, in an address be- by hammock in missionary itineration. fore the Methodist Mission Board of For a number of years he was the Australia, described the lamentable im- business representative of the Execumorality and crime prevalent among tive Committee of Foreign Missions the Indian community in Fiji, pointing in all its dealings with the Congo Govout that a root cause was the dispro- ernment and in the administration of portion between the sexes (forty wom- the work on the field. en to one hundred men) among the indentured labor imported from India. His most abiding service, however, The consequent degradation of the lay along two special lines: first, in Indian women and children, and the reducing the Baluba language to writwidespread vice is becoming a constant ing and translating into it the Shorter menace to the moral safety of Fiji and Catechism, portions of the Bible and of all Polynesia. other Christian literature, and second, in delivering the people of the Congo OBITUARY NOTES State from the cruel oppression of the Foreign Trading Companies, which Henry C. Mabie of Boston worked under the protection of King Leopold, of Belgium. As a pastor, missionary secretary, lecturer, traveler and author, Dr. Henry C. Mabie had a world-wide rep-

Historical Development of Reli,ion the weaknesses of these faiths

he calls China's family religion, Budd- in China. By W. J. Clennel1. 8vo, 260 hism, he condenses in its attractive- pp. $2 net. New York: E. P. Dutton ness for the ascetic in a sentence more & Company, 1917.

Enlarged in 1914 from an address than a page long (pp. 94-95), while delivered to Caermarthen Presbyter- its lure for the common people is poetian College, this volume is still too ically set forth in the following three brief to do justice to its theme. The pages, a laudation that is hardly true author has been for many years a Brit- to facts, especially in North China. We ish consul in China and is apparently wish that we Could fully believe the well acquainted with the course of re- roseate view of pages 109-110. ligious history there, even though "The Mingling and Decay of Faith" there is little evidence of his having chapter lacks sufficient historic facts used the classical texts of any sacred to make it evident to the reader just canons except the Confucian. Unlike what had happened, and while a simimany volumes on the subject, which lar decay in Christianity can be cited, . seem to be excerpts from Dr. Legge's the two are hardly parallel. That chapwritings, this book discusses the theme ter really extends down to the middle from an original point of view. Be- of the last century, and it accounts ginning with an interesting chapter on very well for the present melange of general characteristics and primitive Chinese religion.

conceptions of the Chinese, he supplies The nineteenth century has been one the background of later religious de- of great significance religiously to velopment-not a golden age, but a China, as the last two chapters clearly period of cruelty, of barbaric display show. Protestantism and modern civiin deaths and burials, and of religious lization have made many things new; eclecticism before the era of modern yet there is still need of ~ firmer moral devotion to the trinity of teachings, basis for national life, a topic which China's "Three Religions." Human closes the volume and which is weakly sacrifices in antiquity and the colossal discussed. The entire book is an ad- tumulus of Ch'in Shih Huang Ti, the mirable example of tolerance and sym- Great Wall builder, are sample facts patheti.c approach, but the author fails overlooked in most discussions of this to see and to make his readers realize portion of the history. that in these four thousand years of The chapter on ancient Confucian- religious history God has been seen ism is disappointing, and extends be- in sections and adumbrations only, but· yond the bounds of its title. Yet it not in His fulness and majesty. and gives a few unusual facts about the power, least of all in His love.

Sage himself, and its final note is a A Prince of the Church in India. By useful reminder of the context of an oft-quoted proof of his ignorance of Rev. J. c. R. Ewing, LL.D., D.D. life after death, a setting which greatly modifies Dr. Legge's 'criticism of 12mo. 75 cents. Fleming H. Revell Confucius. The author's treatment of Co., 1918. Taoism contains too much concerning fengshui, or geomancy, and too little A noble life is the seed corn of the of Lao Tzu's brief "Canon of the Way coming Kingdom. Plant its story in and of Virtue," which is hardly in ac- human hearts, and it will bring forth cord with the author's general plan of fruit after its kind. Such a life is that emphasizing the good and justifying of Kali Charan Chatterjee, one of the outstanding Christian leaders of India. In his biography, written by the presi- dent of Forman Christian College, La- hore, a strong presentation is made of the influences which led the thoughtful who cannot read the larger life of and devout Hindu lad to become a Mary Slessor, this brief account will Christian, of his courage in seeking be a good introduction. The line cut baptism, the ensuing ostracism and illustrations are not by any means persecution, and his life as a student equal in quality to the text of the under the renowned Dr. Alexander book. Duff. Primary and Junior Mission Stories. Dr. Chatterjee's statement of his By Miss Margaret Applegarth. 12mo, reasons for renouncing his ancestral 343 and 406 pp. $l.00 net each. Board faith and becoming a Christian as of Publication, 25 East 22nd St., New formulated by him in 1910, when an York. 1918. old man (p. 34) are a moving testimonial to the power of the Cross over A LL around the world for a dollar men of the highest intellectual gifts. or two, with stories, pictures, rhymes and puzzles, handwork and in- One feature of the book of greatest spiration! Wouldn't you like to make practical value to present-day students the trip? Then buy two new books of missions is its presentation of the by Margaret Applegarth. The titles reflex influence upon this able and sound like bread, but the stories taste cultured Indian Christian of the policy like cake with orange frosting. of the Mission of the Free Church of Scotland, which prevented ordination Each volume contains 52 short of Indian Christians on a parity with stories planned for Sunday-school preforeigners. sentation, a few minutes each week, making a cumulative effect full of Mrs. Chatterjee shared her hus- charm and value. The books would band's labors with such devotion and be equally fascinating for home or ability that her influence was felt al- Kindegarten use, and should find ready most as much as his own during the sale for gifts to mothers and teachers forty-eight years in which he was a as well as to children. missionary of the Presbyterian Board in Hoshyarpur. _ Religions of the Past and Present. A series of lectures delivered by mem- Lives like theirs are the best evi- bers of the Faculty of the University dence of the transforming power of of Pennsylvania. Edited by James A. the living Christ. Montgomery, Ph.D., S.T.D. 425 pages. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Com- The White Queen of Okoyong. By Wm. pany. $2.50 net. 1918. P. Livingstone. Illustrated, 12mo, 208 pp. $l.00 net. George H. Doran Co., Six living religions and eight no New York, 1918. longer held are here discussed by eleven members of the Graduate Fac- Mary Siessor, of Calabar, was a re- ulty of the University of Pennsylvania. markable woman whose life was full When one recalls other similar collecof service and adventure, and not with- tions, like "Religious Systems of the out humor. She was the "boss" of WorId," addresses by some of Eurchieftains, and a real queen in char- ope's most eminent specialists, albeit acter and power. Her life told here a bit antiquated now, the question for young people will fascinate them about its right to be might arise. A while it inspires them. Mary Slessor careful study of the volume will abunwas original and indefatigable. When dantly satisfy the reader that the reshe feared she would oversleep and ligions here treated are discussed in so needed an alarm clock, she tied a roos- fresh, accurate, comprehensive and inter at the foot of her bed; when she teresting a way that the editor is perwished to stop cruelty she defied and fectly justified in presenting to the commanded African chiefs; when she public what he and his co-laborers did not wish to leave behind four bJack made so attractive to their University girls whom she had adopted, she took auditors of 1916-17. them to England with her. For those The collection is both full and in- the leader of the German people in complete. Thus Confucianism, Tao- this war.o-a Wodan, one-eyed because ism and Shintoism do not appear at he was willing to give the other as all among the living religions, while the price of drinking of the spring of Zoroastrianism, held by only a few wisdom, on his arm a heavy gold ring, more than 100,000, is admirably treat- draupnir-dripping,-two wolves at ed. This is accounted for by the de- his feet and two ravens perched on sire not to entrust a religion to anyone his shoulders; his second wife's hand- not a specialist and to confjne the maid, Var, who "guarded over the speakers to the University staff; Yet promises and oaths of men and women this rule permitted the separate treat- and punished all those who broke their ment of Vedic religion and Brahman- troths"; his eldest son, Thor, broad- ism and Hinduism, and gave the public shouldered, red-haired and fierce- the two themes of Early and Medi.eval eyed, possessor of the hammer Mjol- Christianity, subjects rarely included nir, the crusher, and of a pair of iron in such a collection. In general one gloves always worn in battle; and the may say that each address has a de- world snake thrown by Wodan into cided individuality and a directness the sea where it grew until it finally sometimes too condensed, as when Dr. encircled the earth and bit its own tail.

Edgerton writes: "To state in words Drs. Hyde and Hadzsits make the old a generalization of Hinduism may be Greek and Roman religions live and bold. Yet I will venture on the fol- fill one with regret that such discus- lowing as an expression of what seems sions were not available for the classi- after all to come out of Hinduism- cal student of former days. Zoroas- sometimes plainly stated, perhaps trianism is perhaps as interesting and more often vaguely felt: You may unusual as any of the chapters. But call God by whatever name you will; the entire volume is well worth read- but in truth God is One." All the ing-perhaps more so than any other writers have the gift of teaching as of its class and limitations.

well as of lecturing, and each address . has in it not only the modern approach The Religious Foundations of America. to religion, but makes use of the latest By Charles Lemuel Thompson, D.D.

discoveries and discussions in connec- Bvo. 300 pp. $1.50 net. Revell, New tion with a given faith. York, 1917.

To differentiate one or more of Dr. Thompson, President of the these chapters from others might be Home Missions Council, has been reinvidious when all are so excellent. garded for many years as one of the The conservative reader will be some- far-seeing and clear-thinking stateswhat disturbed by a few statements men of American Christianity. He is made in the lecture upon the Hebrew not unknown as a writer on home misreligion, and perhaps also by what is sion topics, and his literary gifts insaid about Christianity, especially that clude, among others, the charm of of the early period-a treatment poesy. This book, however, is hisunique, however, and very stimulating tory, prophecy and keen analysis of to thought. The chapter on Moham- the present religious situation. More medanism is admirable, though one specifically, it is a study of origins. may be surprised that so little is said The author traces the varying streams about New Islam, and even more by of moral and religious influence which, the brevity of its treatment of the from the earliest colonization of Koran. Professor Johnson in his in- America, have flowed from Spain, tensely interesting lecture on the re- from Holland, from Germany, from ligion of the Teutons has given the Great Britain, from France, from Jewpublic historically all the essential ish sources in innumerable lands.

features of the god whom the Kaiser In his preface, Dr. Thompson reprints with a capital and proclaims as minds us that social evolutionists base their hope that America may yet de- honors in competitive examinations velop the highest type of man upon the and have already done great things interaction of the manifold elements for their countrywomen. which have entered into the making of this Republic. The contents of this The biography is too personal in volume afford the reader a luminous many places for a volume of general and comprehensive view of the main and permanent interest. For a mismoral and social constituents of a civil- sionary volume it tells too little of ization which labors to secure the the actual spiritual needs of the Span-. peace and safety of the body social ish people. The ideals of the instiand politic through a unity in diver- tute were those of Constantinople Colsity which is the highest proof of the lege for Vomen, but Mrs. Gulick was perfect functioning of a composite like a mother to her students as well organization. as their teacher. Her personal Chris- . tian influence counted for even more Dr. Thompson is at his best in the than her intellectual ability. The spirtwo chapters on Pilgrims and Puri- itual side of the work and its results tans ~nd in his chapter on the Scotch- in the religious regeneration of the Irish element. He quotes Mr. Roose- handicapped daughters of Spain are velt, who described the Scotch-Irish not emphasized as much as one might as a race "doubly twisted in the mak- expect from a work under the auspices ing, flung from island to island, and of the American Board of Commistoughened by exile," and who pays sioners for Foreign Missions. high tribute to the influence of the Scotch-Irish in America. The great The Fundamentals-A Testimony to the war has not blinded Dr. Thompson to Truth. 4 vols. 12mo. Preface by the value of the thrift and industry, Rev. R. A. Torrey. Los Angeles Bible the religious teachings and missionary Institute, Calif?rnia, 1917. activity of Teutonic immigrants represented by people of the Lutheran, Mo- Some of the most able and most ravian and Reformed faiths. famous Christian teachers have con- tributed to this series of papers on Alice Gordon Gulick. By Elizabeth Put- the Bible, Christian Doctrine and Ex- nam Gordon. IIIus. 12mo. $1.50 net. perience. Among the authors are Dr. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1918. Geo. F. Wright of Oberlin, Sir Robert Anderson of London, Prof. James Spain is a country better known to Orr of Scotland, Arthur T. Pierson, historians, travelers and romancers Charles R. Erdman of Princeton, and than to missionaries. Yet it is a land Dr. M. G. Kyle of Philadelphia. as much in need of enlightenment in Christian truth as is South America or Presbyterian Pioneers in Congo. By Mexico. The story of the life and William H. Sheppard. Introduction work of Mrs. Gulick gives less about by Dr. S. H. Chester. IIIus. 8vo. 157 the country and its needs than we pp. 35 cents, paper. Presbyterian could wish, but it is a beautiful pic- Com. of Publication, Richmond, Va. ture of a noble woman who, with her husband, William H. Gulick, was able The author of this little volume is a to build up a great educational in- colored man, born in Virginia, edustitution. Mrs. Gulick was a rare and cated in Hampton and sent out to queenly woman and did, through the Africa by the Southern Presbyterian International Institute, for the girls of Board. Mr. Sheppard did a good Spain what Mary Lyon did for the work and here describes in his own girls of New England. She founded picturesque style the things that· he and built up, on Protestant Christian saw and did. It is not a careful study lines, an institution that astonished or consecutive history of these piothe leading educators of Spain. The neers but is rather a series of disjointyoung women graduates took high ed snap-shots, each throwing light on the people, their beliefs and habits and on the work of the missionaries.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1918

IN THE STRVGGL£

MISSION",f7(Y ~ J)£M. I'or CY I tr STQTlSTlC S OCR" ~ COHHtKITY ~ J"I.r? <=C> 1 elfIN" )~L5'~~ CJ{IJRCf{ IN" C,fUF01?fflA ' 1–~~­ R£SVLTS ' MISSIOKR'RY LE/lDEle of the GllhT£MhL~ in /fIJSTR;tLI/I EI{RT/{QVt9K£ K£WS ITEMS Jf(lJICI/T£lJ ~JrrICL£ S IlfDlC-fTE/J 13 Y TITLE S. BY . KIJM B£RS.

A MEETING OF CHRISTIANS IN A PRESBYTERIAN MISSION, KAMERUN, WEST

See article by Mis. Jean Maokenzie (page 339)

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. May, 1918 NUMBER FIVl!I XLI.

SIGNS Of THE TIMES AFRIOA AFTER THE WAR W ILL the Dark Oontinent be darker or lighter as a result of the wOIlld war? In 1914 there were about 130,000,000 Africans who were still unevangelized. Among these were working some 4,500 Protestant missionaries. They were located in about 1,000 stations and had gathered Ohristian adherents to the number of one and a half million Africans. The 350 higher schools and colleges and 10,000 elementary schools, conducted by the missionaries, had brought under instruction over 600,000 pupils. The medical missions cared for over one million cases during one year and the leper asylums, orphanages, and other philanthropic institutions cared for many more. Plans were a under way to cover the continent with network of stations, to establish a Ohristian university at Oairo, to stem the Moslem advance, to found model industrial iustitutions where most needed and to train large forces of African Ohristian workers. Then came the war! Since then nearly one thousand German Protestant missionaries have been obliged to discontinue their work. The German missions in Togo and Kamerun (West Africa), in German Southwest Africa (Damaraland), and in German East Africa have been turned over to Swiss, British or American missionaries, or the work is conducted by native Ohristians. This former German territory comprises nearly one million square miles and contains over 13,000,000 people. In other words it is equal to fifteen times the area and twice the population of New England.

What is to become of this territory after the war and what will be the fate of the German missions in the event of an Allied victory? There are those who hold that it would be a calamity ever to return the colonies to Germany, since her efficiency in colonizing means improvement of the land at the expense of the natives. She is also charged with the intention of building in Africa a military state, dividing the Oontinent and threatening the peaceful development of the people.

Others hold that, while the German Empire should never regain control of her colonies, it would be a great loss to Africa if German missionaries were not permitted to carryon their work. They have undoubtedly contributed largely to the industrial and educational development of Africa and have many qualities from which other missionaries may learn much. When the time for a peace settlement comes, the right of the Africans to a voice in their future should not be overlooked.

Bishop Hartzell, who has probably traveled further in Africa than any other missionary, sees a great future for Christianity in that Continent. He expresses the belief that this war means a new era for the Africans. The native Christians are rising to positions of leadership and are entering heartily and intelligently into the plans for the evangelization of the Continent. Already nearly thirty-five thousand are engaged in evangelistic and Christian educational work for their fellow Africans. These will be the future preachers and teachers of Africaand some of them are wonderful evangelists.

The future may be counted on for three advance steps at least: (1) The development of a more adequate plan for co-operation among Christian missionaries in Africa; (2) the increase of responsibility placed on the native church; and (3) a better understanding and cooperation between Africans and Europeans in the further development and enlightenment of the Continent.

MOHAMMEDAN ADVANCE IN CENTRAL AFRICA W HILE the servants of the Owner of the Field slept, the enemy sowed tares- While Christians are busy elsewhere the Moslems are advancing in Africa. Unfortunately the influence of the European Governments too often favors the Mosh'IDs. Battalions in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan are recruited from the pagan tribes and the chaplains are Mohammedan mallams, appointed and paid by the Government of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. As a result, African soldiers returning to their tribes after service in the army carry with them the religion of Mohammed.

Many Mohammedan traders, financed by European trading companies, go freely among the pagan peoples, and into districts where, before European governments arrived, they would have been killed. They preach Islam while they trade. The troops of the Senegal, of Northern Nigeria, of the French Shari-Chad Protectorate, and of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan are Mohammedan, so that the war in the Kameruns and East Africa has increased the prestige of the Moslem fighting man.

On the other hand, the French Government has tried to meet the Mohammedan advance in the Western Sudan by forbidding the use of the Arabic language in the schools; Sir Frederick Lugard (the British

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

Governor General of the Niger Territories), has printed in his bluebook, "I hold out every encouragement to establish missions in pagan centres." In the Shari-Chad Protectorate the French Government has had far more trouble with the Mohammedans than with the pagans, for the reason that the Mohammedan advance is not desired.

In the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, the Governor General has said that it is impossible for the government to deal with the Mohammedan advance and has asked that Christian missionaries come and help Christianize and civilize the pagan tribes. This will be the greatest blessing to the people for Christianity, far more than Islam, helps to establish justice and maintain peace.

Dr. Karl Kumm gives the names of over forty tribes not yet reached by Christian missions. These include over 2,000,000 Africans.

The number of missionary societies in South Africa and on the West Coast is disproportionately large when compared with the amount of territory still to be occupied. In Sierra Leone there are ten Christian missionary societies at work, while between the Niger and the Nile on the Central African plat.eau, where the Mohammedan propagandists are exerting their greatest pressure, not one society is represented. "This is poor strategy!" says Dr. Kumm.

It would be advisable to appoint a commission, representing American and British foreign mission boards, to devise ways and means by which the energy of societies engaged in missionary work in Africa may be distributed on the strategic advance line of Mohammedanism.

A NEW CRISIS OF MISSIONS IN PERSIA URUMIA is cut off from communication with Tabriz and the out- side world. The Moslems are fighting the Ohristians and word is anxiously awaited as to the fate of the missionaries. This is one result of the Russian collapse. When Turkey declared war on France, Russia and Great Britain, and endeavored to arouse all Moslems to a "Holy War," Russian armies came to the rescue of the missionaries and Assyrian and Persian Ohristians in Urumia, Tabriz and the surrounding territory. At that time America was not involved in the war and the American flag and American missionaries were able to exert great influence in the protection of life.

Today the situation has sadly changed. Russia is demoralized and her forces have been withdrawn; America is an enemy of Turkey's ally; Turks and Kurds are inciting other Moslems to pillage and murder all Christians and the situation in northwest Persia is acute. How soon the disorganization and danger may spread to other parts of Persia, it is impossible to say. The missionaries in Urumia include Dr. and Mrs. Wm. H. Shedd, Dr. and Mrs. Harry P. Pack~rd, Mrs. J. P. Cochran, Rev. and Mrs. E. T. Allen, Mr. Robert McDowell, Mr. Edward Richards, Miss Elizabeth Coan, Miss Mary Burgess, Dr. and Mrs.

W. P. Ellis and others of the American Presbyterian missionaries. This is pre-eminently a time for prayer to God for these faithful witnesses.

Urumia is a city of 80,000 population, situated near the western shore of Urumia Lake, about fifty miles from the Turkish border, and one hundred and twenty-five miles from the Russian border. The American Presbyterians have been established there for forty-seven years and have built up strong churches, schools and medical work. It was in the Presbyterian mission compound that 15,000 refugees were sheltered and fed two years ago.

PALESTINE AND SYRIAN RELIEF T HE political changes due to America's entrance into the war, Russia's withdrawal from the Allies and the progress of the British forces in Palestine have not interrupted the work of the Armenian and Syrian Relief Committee. The Russian Caucasus has not yet been transferred to Turkey as the Caucasus Republic has not accepted the terms of the Bolshevik treaty. American, Swiss and Swedish agents are still distributing relief in Russian and Turkish territory and in Palestine there is increasing opportunity for relief and for constructive work. In addition to the suffering Armenians in Turkey there are more than two million destitute people, dependent on America, who can be reached in Persia, Mesopotamia, Palestine and Macedonia. The following recent telegrams received from the American State Department give assurance that "relief is not stopped by political changes." "Fifteen centers in Turkey (Asia Minor Armenian Syrian Relief) heard from. Agents well and absorbed in relief and missionary work. Severe winter. Exceedingly high price of foodstuffs, scarcity fuel, lack of clothing, disease, want of medical supplies very greatly intensify suffering of destitute people. Numbers of orphans cared for steadily growing_ All resources of the deported people exhausted because of prolongation of con- ditions. This increasing gravity of situation, difficulties of exchange and serious depreciation of currency impel our agents to appeal for largely increased appropriations. Our representatives say that to continue, calls for larger expenditures but to discontinue would mean death to multitudes. Dollars or deaths_ America cannot afford to hesitate now in this great humanitarian effort saving the remnant of the persecuted Christians in Turkey. Increased giving of dollars means saving of lives of thousands."

Another cablegram received from Cairo reads: "Refugees from desolated villages evacuated by Turks drifting south- ward. Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Jaffa, Hebron, Majdel, Deirsineid occupied by our staff. Armys advance toward Jordan Nablous widens area needed relief. Three orphanages being equipped in Jerusalem to shelter 500. Clinics are thronged. Regular hospitals being used for wounded soldiers jointly with military authorities. We are rationing whole city stripped of supplies by Turks and left in state of economic siege by damage to rail- way. Poorest people were reduced to eating orange peels and garbage.

Six soup kitchens temporarily feeding 8,000 destitute. Expansion relief industries will soon place thousands upon payroll and will benefit Syria as army advances. Prospects good for securing contracts sewing army shirts, sandbags, also mending clothing, socks. Army employing increasing numbers road building. Lace industry limited by shortage of thread. We offer to develop boys in carpentering, mechanics, shoemaking, tailoring, agriculture. Only way to clean up Jerusalem and banish typhus is through indu!:'tries regulated by sanitary rules. Will America assist in industrial reconstruction? Fifty thousand dollars" required monthly for immediate relief. TROWBRIDGE."

In an early number of the REVIEW we plan to publish an article showing what has actually been accomplished with the nine million dollars already expended in Armenian and Syrian relief work. One thing is certain, hundreds of thousands. of lives have been saved, the hearts of thousands of Christians in America have been enlarged by their gifts to these sufferers and an object lesson in Christian love has been given to the world by the self-sacrifice and devotion of those who are ministering to these persecuted people, who might have saved their own bodies by denying Ohrist.* DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDIAN CHURCH T HE growth of the national church of India is of the utmost im- portance to the progress of Christianity. For this reason special interest attaches to the meeting of the "National Missionary Council of India" held at Coonoor last November. It was attended by thirty-six out of forty-two members and was presided over by the Bishop of Calcutta.

One of the topics under discussion, especially important in view of the present agitation for self-government in India, was the relation of self-support to self-government in the Indian Church. The committee on this subject urged that self·management in some form or degree should not be withheld simply because complete self-support is not attain"ed. A measure of self-government has usually been proved to be a great stimulus to self-support.

Another important subject related to Christian progress in India is the "Conscience Clause" in government aided schools. After careful consideration a resolution was passed by the National Missionary Council recommending that "Wherever there is sufficient demand for other than Christian education, it is the duty of private or public bodies to provide it. In all save single school areas, such education is available and all that can be rightly demanded by those who object to Christian teaching is already provided. In single school areas where local conditions warrant it, relief may be found by the provision of alternative schools. But where either the total number of pupils or the number * Gifts to the Armenian and Syrian relief fund may be sent to Cleveland H.

Dodge, Treasurer, 1 Madison Ave., New York.

of conscientious objectors is too small to-render this desire feasible, the wishes of parents for the exemption of their children from the Scripture period, when expressed in writing, should be made an exception by the school authorities."

The Indian churches have already become deeply interested in self-extension and several home mission societies are in operation. The receipts range from $100 to $5,000 per year and have resulted in many thousands of converts. The National Missionary Society of India is a union work with an income of ever $7,000 a year. It has thirteen Indian missionaries active in six fields, and has gathered about 3,000 converts into Ohristian communities. The development of the mass movement holds out hope for a great Indian Ohristian Ohurch which will become a power, not only in the Indian Empire, but throughout Asia.

THE PROGRESS OF AMERIOAN OHUROHES T HE church statistics for 1917, prepared by the Federal Oouncil of Ohurches, show some rather unexpected things in this first year of America's entrance into the war. First, the number of ministers reported shows an increase, as does also the number of churches and members. Oommunicant members of all religious bodies, including Roman Oatholics and Jews, are given as 40,515,315. This means that 60,000,000 in the United States are out of the church-or, if children are omitted, not less than 20,000,000 adults are not connected with any church. This is a population equal to that of Siam and Korea combined.

The church growth is of interest. Of 528,000 new members, only 158,750 are in the Roman Oatholic churches, less than half the number reported a year ago. The largest net increase among Protestant forces is among the Methodists (173,734), the Baptists (77,474), Disciples of Ohrist (59,016), and Presbyterians (54,278). The largest percentage of increase is among the Disciples (5 per cent.) as compared with 1 per cent. among Roman Oatholic, and one-quarter of 1 per cent. among Lutherans. The Ohristian Scientists report 1,569 churches, but refuse to report on membership.

Among notable signs of the year are the union movements-particularly among the Lutheran and Methodist bodies-the large war activities and the programs for raising immense sums for church and missionary purposes. This is especially notable among the Methodists, Baptists and Disciples. For the first time in history all the Lutherans united, first in celebrating Luther's anniversary and then in a Lutheran commission on war activities. ~rews and .Roman Oatholics have raised large sums for war and relief, hut have been far outstripped in this by the Protestant organizations that have given lavishly, without regard to creed, but only in view of the great and crying needs.

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WiJi &Wi: THE GREATEST FORCE IN THE WORLD .THE most powerful forces iu the world work silently. NO' man can hear the sun or the tides or the mighty attractions which hold the universe together or bind man securely upon this flying parth. The seed germinates in stillness under ground and all the great growth of Nature is inaudible. It is a strange thing that we cannot bring ourselves to realize that if Nature's most massive ener· gies operate in silence it is even more to be expected that the great spiritual forces will be noiseless too. We seem to think otherwise.

We look to public men, to loud explosions of guns, to newspaper and platform publicity, to the movement and pressure of the mass and overlook the buried seed of suggestion, the private word, the unob- served friendship, the working book, the penetration and the persist- ence of personal memories, the unrelaxing secret grip of truth mould- ing the conscience and the inward soul O'f individuals and of mankind.

But it is with these deeper and vaster forces that the cause of missions works. Its men and women go out quietly into the world and are lost to sight. They settle in great cities where the traveler who does not look for them does not see them. Or they gO' out into remote places where the traveler never comes. They make no great stir. Their leaving was with no demonstration and their arrival is often without notice. They begin with no tumult, making friends, rendering service, healing sick folk, teaching children, here and there giving a book to some one who may understand. They spread new ideas and they live a new life. And neither an idea nor a life is audible. Sometimes the quiet of such work is disturbed by misunderstanding, or innocent folk have to bear the guilt of the consequences of deeds that were neither quiet nor innocent. And sometimes the thunders break which sooner or later are inevitable from the clash of silent truth with the false- hood, secret or open, which is its foe. But the still and pacific ener- gies of love and life work on and in the end they are resistless.

Not a day passes which does not disclose somewhere the sure fruit- age of the silent sowing of the past. The story which Stephen Trow- bridge sends us from Cairo is representative and not exceptional: "An incident occurred last week which shows by what devious ways missionary influence travels, and, as David Livingstone said, how 'compact an affair the world is getting to be.'

"Mohammed Effendi, a young student from Oonstantinople, in the Azhar University-the great center of Moslem learning in Cairo–had been coming for some weeks past to give Turkish lessons to Mr. and Mrs. Camp and Miss Putney, three of our neighbors. Finding that I had been born in Turkey and was familiar with the language, he came

to call several times. As our acquaintance grew into a friendship, he spoke freely about his disappointment over finding such a sordid atmosphere in the life of the great Mohammedan theological school. I replied that I felt sure we were both vitally interested in one and the same thing, namely, discovering the way to God and seeking t& do His will. I asked him what he knew about Christianity, and he replied that his information was chiefly from the Gospel of Barnabas (a spurious work written between 1300 and 1350 A. D., made to produce New Testament references to Mohammed), and that he had in his pos· session a copy of the New Testament differing substantially from the Gospel of Barnabas and published in Constantinople about fifty·five years ago.

"'The language of this New Testament,' he said, 'is that of our fathers' day and the type is rather out of date.' I knew that this must be one of the earlier missionary versions, before the one finally adopted by the Bible Societies. So I offered him a New Testament published in Constantinople with the imprimatm of the British and American Bible Societies. This he accepted with many thanks and promised to read at his leisure. Two or three days afterwards he presented Miss Put· ney with the old New Testament, of which he had spoken, thinking that she might be interested in it as something of a rarity. What was her bewilderment upon opening the handsomely bound volume to find upon the fly·leaf the following inscription in a clear, strong hand: " 'Presented to the Ex-Governor of Philippopolis in kind remembrance of his services in arresting and punishing the murderers of our dear brother Meriam.

TILLMAN C. TROWBRIDGE.

Constantinople. April 14, 1863.'

"He had not even deciphered the signature beneath. It seems that some time previously he had bought the volume from a Circassian stu· dent in the School of Technical Arts. This young man was the son of a distinguished and wealthy Moslem of the Caucasus who had traveled to Damascus and had died while in that city.

"During the boy's school days in Constantinople a great fire had raged through the city, and the -lad, having lost all his possessions, hurrying through the smoking streets, picked up this book flung from an upper window.

"What a chain of experiences this New Testament must have had, passing from the scenes of the long-drawn Bulgarian struggle for inde· pendence; traveling through Adrianople, one of the last Moslem strong· holds in Europe, where 'hundreds of New Testaments have been secretly read and pondered; peradventure carried to the capital on the Bos· phorus in the library of some intelligent and liberal minded Pasha, who, becoming debased by habits of greed and extortion, sold this spiritual treasure for a coin or two; handed on through auctioneer to bookseller, and so to some learned sheikh of Stamboul in silken robes

EDITORIAL COMMENT

and massive turban, only to be left idle for a year or two, aner the old professor's death, until it should once more be passed to the warped and dusty shelves of one of the many bookshops which forever fascinate Moslem seekers after God by their rigid adherence to the literature of the past, and forever puzzle Western visitors by their native lack of system! Who knows by what circumstances of human tragedy or hope the book passed into the highlands of Kars or Tiflis? Then came the long journey to Damascus-surely on an errand of some importthen the sudden death and the dividing of the property among the three sons, and after that the second son's resolve to acquire in Egypt the lore of the Englishman's sciences.

"Finally, we may imagine ourselves in Cairo, far to the south, by the side of a Turkish Azhari, a deeply religious young man, keen, nervous, courteous and rather unhappy at heart. He enters the room of a young Oircassian who has offered to sell some of his books. He lays his hand upon this volume, much as you or I traveling through China might handle one of the 'heavenly classics' of Confucius and peer into its pages. He thinks of 'the original Holy Gospel sent down in glorious perfection upon our I,ord Jesus, upon Him be the peace,' and he thinks how strange it is that all the copies now in circulation should have been so corrupted and so tampered with as to lose all authoritative value. 'But,' he meditates, 'what matter these things? The Eternal Quran, final and supreme, was sent down upon our Lord tbe Apostle of God, the Lord of the Two Worlds, upon Him be the peace. And yet shall I not buy this volume and in some lehmre moments read what the Christian scribes have published?'

"Mayhap this volume has passed through wars and pestilence, possibly through trials for heresy in Moslem courts. Possibly it has been studied in secret, by candlelight and by the light of dawn. At all events opposite the fly-leaf, written upon by my father in the thirtysecond year of his age, when he was yet upon the threshold of his life work, the book bears an inscription in Turkish: "'Possesor of the Holy Gospel, Mohammed Hilmi As'd ed Din.'''

And life which is but an unseen and an unheard thing is more powerful than books. In 1811 Henry Martyn passed through Persia and spent about eleven months in Shiraz, where he preached Christ boldly. Though in Persia so short a time, and already enfeebled by disease, Martyn completed his translation of the New Testament, and he stamped his influence indelibly on some hearts. "Just as I was leaving Persia," said Dr. Perkins, fifty years ago, "I fell in with a Cbaldean bishop about seventy years old, in the district of Salmas, with whom Martyn had stopped as a guest for a week, forty-seven years before. This aged man is the only Persian I have met who personally recollected Martyn. He was charmed with the missionary, pronouncing him the finest Englishman he ever saw; and his remembrance of

him was very vidid so long afterwards. He spoke of him as social, active and inquisitive, writing from morning till night, yet always ready to engage in conversation with all who called-as very temperate, eating (as the bishop figuratively said) an egg for breakfast, and dining on a chicken wing. When riding out to visit antiquities in the region, he was accustomed to propose a topic for discussion; for instance, when they mounted their horses one day Martyn said .to the bishop, 'Let us discuss the question, Was darkness created? You take one side, and I will take the other, and see what we make of it'; showing Martyn's taste for metaphysics and his knowledge of the Persian tastes and mind. The bishop represented him as small in stature and frail in appearance. There must have been wonderful power, as well as singular fascination, in Martyn to have left so enduring and grateful an impression on that Persian."

All those who could personally recoIled Martyn have been gone for many a year, but the man's living influence is still at work in Persia and will work there forever. He lived in rented quarters. He built no institutions. He had no companions. All that he did was to work at his translation of the New Testament into Persian and to talk to the people and their ecclesiastics, Moslem, Armenian and Jew, and then to pass on across the land to Toeat in Turkey, where he died. But did anything that happened in Persia in the nineteenth century represent a deeper or more penetrating power?

Those men and movements are the greatest which most purely and fearlessly embody the principle of .Tesus: "Except a grain of wheat fall into the earth and die it abideth alone, but if it die it beareth much fruit." What counts most in the war and will inevitably determine all is not the shells poured forth in thunder from the guns, but the lives poured out in silence by men. This is the great work, and the man who knows it, and who knows that in doing it he is doing the infinite will of the silent or the low-spoken God, has entered into power.

As Newbolt wrote of Chinese Gordon: "For this man was not great By gold or royal state By sharp sword or knowledge of earth's wonder But more than all his race He saw life face to face And heard the still small voice above its thunder."

BOYS BRINGING FOOD FOR PROF. DU PLESSIS'

Trekking the African Continent BY PROF. J. DU PLESSIS, STELLENSOSCH, SOUTH AFRICA Author of "A History of Christian Missions in South Africa" and "Thrice Through the Dark Continent"

Africa is the continent of mystery. Upon its very threshold, in distant Egypt, couches the ancient Sphinx, the typical repository and guardian of its secrets, daring men to cross the trackless deserts in search of hidden sources and unknown races, and smiling its inscrutable smile, when after the lapse of months or years they return from their quest baffled and broken. Africa was the last of the great continents to surrender its secrets. It is within the lifetime of many of us that the mysteries which enshrouded its heart have been diSSOlved; that Livingstone forced his way up from the south; that Speke stood upon the shores of Victoria Nyanza, gazing upon the Nile where it pours out of that mighty reservoir; and that Stanley descended the Lualaba, proving its identity with the Congo, which drains one-third of the con-

tinent. And even yet Africa conceals within its breast secrets which man, with all his ingenuity and presumption, cannot wrest from itsecrets geological, ethnological, philological, zoological and botanical. These secrets still await disclosure. Ex Africa semper aliquid OOV'f. (Out of Africa there is always something new.) These secrets constitute the special glamor which the Dark Con· tinent casts over its devotees. Africa is a coy maiden, whose heart we would fain win, whose beauties we would fain discover, to whose seduc· tive voice we cannot choose but listen, but who eludes and puzzles us by her changeful moods. Ilet me describe some of those moods.

There is the cheerful, bustling mood. We are upon the Benue River in Nigeria, seated in a 50·foot canoe. The landscape shimmers in the brilliant sunshine. The surface of the smooth, gleaming water is broken by the leaps. of sportive fish. Thousands of waterfowl line the banks or fly swift and silent overhead-ducks and geese, pelicans, herons and crested cranes; the egret and the sacred ibis; the solemn kingfisher and the nimble plover. Out yonder a school of hippos disport themselves in the slow stream; and upon a distant sandbank lie half a doz~n stout logs, which as we approach bestir themselves and are presently seen to be crocodiles. Scores of canoes ply to and fro upon the broad river; for the Benue is a veritable highway of commerce and the Mohammedans who people these northern lands are traders by instinct and by profession. All is cheerfulness and activity.

"While men with laughter, song and shout, Spin the great wheel of earth about."

Again~ we frequently strike Africa in its dark, mysterious mood. Enter with me a tropical forest in Kamerun. It is the kind of forest made familiar to us by Stanley's expression "In Darkest Africa:" Imagine yourself marching through a wood so densely packed with trees that you can discern above your head no glint of sunshine and no patch of blue. The road is littered with dead and decaying leaves. Mighty tree·trunks lie prone across your path. Treacherous roots lie in wait for you and trip you up. You wade through marshy ground, from which arise miasmatic odors, which seem to bear the germs of all possible diseases. Around you all nature is locked in deadly embrace.

"Thick round me in the teeming mud Brier and fern strove to the blood; Like frightened demons, with despair, Competing branches pushed for air; Green conquerors from overhead, Bestride the bodies of the dead. So hushed the woodland warfare goes Unceasing, and the silent foes Grapple and smother, strain and clasp, Without a cry, without a gasp."

TREKKING THE AFRICAN CONTINENT

30 e 11- A IT I, AFRICA >. { lhewlnl the chi.'

TRANS-CONTINENTAL ROUTES DRAWN fOR THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD BASED ON GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL 1911 GREAT HIGHWAYS OF THE GOSPEL IN AFRICA Profound silence pervades the scene, a silence broken only by your own timid footsteps_ You are obsessed with an undefined feeling of dread. You seem to be in contact, not with death, but with the shadow of death. You would rather see the face of the arch-foe himself and be confronted by something tangible and visible than have the vague menace of the shadow of death-before you, beside you, above youchoking your breath, stifling your call, chilling you to the marrow.

At times, again, you find Africa in a savage and terrible mood. Transport yourselves now to the eastern border of the Congo State and stand with me in the Albertine Rift Valley. Beneath a series of still active volcanoes stretches a broad field of lava, covering the whole surface of the valley. Across this lava field you see a caravan of men strnggling, their feet torn and bleeding from the jagged rock. But a greater danger threatens them from above. Dark thunderclouds are gathering around yonder rocky peaks, and in the distance the first

growls of the tempest are heard. Nearer sweeps the storm and minatory drops fall with a swiftness and force that constantly increase. We hold a council of war. What shall we do? The unanimous answer is: "Stay not in all this plain; escape to the mountain$, lest thou be consumed." We move forward with such speed as we can command. We gain the foot of the mountains and begin the toilsome ascent. There is no human being, no hut or village, no shelter of any kind until we have crossed the 7,000-foot range and gained the further side. I press on; my men, cumbered with their loads, are left behind. The higher I ascend the nearer do I approach to the storm-centre. Swirling mists surround me, shut me in, cut off my retreat. The rush of the descending rain turns the narrow pathway into a torrent. The fieree blast, straight from the heart of the tempest, cnts me like an arctic wind; and I am conscious that unless I move on I shall presently freeze to deatll. The spirits of the storm are unbound; they shriek and rage about me, resenting my presumptuous intrusion into their secret domain, and threatening to overwhelm me with direst calamity. At dark I reach the shelter of the village. A handful of my followers reached home that night, but the bulk of them were left exposed to the fury of the elements. Two perished, one being my cook-a faithful lad whom I had brought from Nigeria. Half a dozen reecived such sheeks to the system through cold and exposure that they had to be discharged. It was a feeble and sadly decimated string of carriers that continued the long eastward march to the Lualaba. Such is my acquaintance with Africa in its savage and implacable mood.

THREE TIMES ACROSS THE CONTINENT.

During the two years and two months between December, 1913, and January, 1916, I crossed the continent of Africa three times. My first crossing was from Lagos, in Nigeria, to Mombasa in British East Africa, through the western Sudan, North Oongoland, and Uganda. The second time I passed from Mombasa to Matadi, at the mouth of the Congo, traveling through Uganda, under the foot of Mount Ruwen- zori, past Lake Albert Edward and the Kivu volcanoes, and so to the Lualaba and down the Oongo. The third transit was from the mouth . of the Oongo to the mouth of the Zambesi, via the Kasai, the Lualaba, ElisabethvilIe, and Lake Nyasa. The total distance covered was 17,000 miles. It says much for the advance of Africa in the means of travel that only 2,000 miles had to be accomplished on foot. Railways ac- counted for over 5,000 miles, river and lake steamers and canoes for 4,000, and the remainder of the distance was taken by motor-lorry and motorcycle, by hammock, by bicycle and on horseback.

The carrier question, though still a source of worry and anxiety, is not the burning problem it was to the early explorers. Through the pacification of Africa it is now possible to procure local carriers for special sections of the journey; and tbe terrible strain of obtaining and

TREKKING THE AFRICAN CONTINENT

retaining a body of men to serve you for twenty or thirty months has passed away forever. At the end of every 50 or 100 miles the traveler reaches a Government post, where a fresh relay of porters is procurable at a fixed tariff.

In remote parts like the Western Sudan and Central Congoland proisions must be carried with you. One can generally procure the ubiquitous fowl, eggs in varying degrees of freshness or antiquity, rice, beans, sweet potatoes, maize, bananas and papaws. Game is found only sporadically; I can count upon the fingers of my hands the occasions on which I could pass out into the plains with some certainty of securing a meal for myself and my men. For the most part our experience was that of Kipling's typical Tommy: "We eat our proper rations, In spite of inundations, Malarial exhalations, And casual starvations."

The chief objects of my journey were two: to visit typical mis- sionary fields in order to obtain an insight into missionary methods obtaining in Africa and to traverse unoccupied fields and thus to learn something of the missionary strategy necessary for Africa. In the course of my journeyings it was possible to visit the fields of some 25 churches and societies, and I was privileged to meet over 400 missionaries and with many of them to' discuss at some length the interests of the missionary enterprise.

Nothing struck me more forcibly than the growth of the spirit of missionary comity. Societies are joining hands in a most remarkable way. Dil>tances in Central Africa are very great, and the means of communication, though vastly improved, are still uncertain and inadequate. These circumstances have made it impracticable for the societies working in West Africa (Kamerun, Nigeria, and the Gold Coast) to meet in general conference, but the relations which prevail between them are nevertheless exceedingly cordial. The societies at work in the Belgian Congo have held no less than seven General Missionary Conferences, the first dating as far back as 1902. The efforts made by the missionary bodies of East Africa in the direction of federation, which culminated in the historical gathering at Kikuyu, are fresh in the memory. One of the immediate results of this growing comity has been the delimitation of spheres of influence by societies laboring in the same area. The East African Conference has decided to leave Uganda wholly to the Church Missionary Society and not only to refrain from entering that sphere themselves, but 'also to dissuade other bodies from doing so. In the Lower Congo district societies occupying adjacent areas have come to an understanding regarding boundaries and have in some cases effected a transfer of stations. Another result of inter-denominational comity is apparent in the in-

creasing number of training institutions which are supported and staffed by two or more societies working in co-operation. Nor must I fail to mention as a third result the gradual approximation by the various societies .towards a common standard of discipline, a common term of pl'obation in candidates for baptism and a cQmmon course of study for those in training as evangelists and teachers.

Another encouraging feature in the present missionary situation is the general agreement as to the most efficacious methods of work. This general agreement has been reached by all the older societies, and if the younger bodies have not yet adopted the most approved methods, their failure to do so is due to inexperience rather than to dissent. The aim of the missionary enterprise is conceived everywhere in its higbest and broadest sense as being the establishment of a church that is able PROF. DU PLESSIS' CARRIERS CROSSING A NATIVE BRIDGE IN BRITISH EAST AFRICA to subsidize its own workers, extend its own boundaries and control its own affairs. The theory much in vogue in certain uninstructed circles that the Gospel need be preached only "as a witness" finds no countenance with responsible societies. Missionary methods are grouped round the four great heads of evangelistic, educational, medical and industrial methods. The evangelistic enterprise stands in the forefront of effectual methods and yet, if it be not seconded and reinforced by the educational, its results are likely to be small in quantity and super. ficial in quality. Both the former methods must be supplemented by the medical aud industrial agencies.

In many fields I found an inadequate employment of native workers as a means of spreading the Gospel; in some fields I noted an inadequate supply; and in most fields an inadequate preparation. The

TREKKING THE AFRICAN CONTINENT

four old arguments for the employment of native agents have lost none of their force-the ethnological, founded on their intimate acquaintance with national customs and habits of thought; the linguistic, founded on their colloquial command of the language; the climatic, founded on their ability to endure the enervating influence of tropical conditions; and the financial, founded on the relatively insignificant salaries which they require when compared with European and American mISSIOnaries. That native agents are the key to the missionary enterprise is universally admitted; but it appears to me that societies anrl individual missionaries are not devoting that unremitting attention to the question of securing a regular and increasing supply of native workers which the recruiting sergeant gives to the problem of securing a steady flow of volunteers. The matter of training these native workers, not so much intellectually as morally, is one which demands the most scrupulous and prayerful effort; for it is hardly an exaggeration to say that upon the character so formed depends the ultimate worth or worthlessness of all our toil.

A WORD ABOUT MISSIONARY STRATEGY.

A word must suffice on the missionary strategy which the present continental situation in Africa demands. A bold and comprehensive scheme for the immediate occupation of the unoccupied areas of the continent is the first essential. 'l'here are at least five areas, in my estimation, which should be immediately invaded. Three of these I have crossed; the other two I know by report only.

First I mention the Westm'n Sudan, including part of Northern Nigeria, the northern section of Kamerun, and the Shari-Chad region of French Equatorial Africa. This area is heavily peopled by intelligent and enterprising pagan tribes, who are in imminent danger of being overwhelmed by the wave of Mohammedan conquest.

Next comes North Oongoland, peopled by a number of tribes, of which two stand out prominently, the Azandeh and the Mangbetu. In this region the Africa Inland Mission and the Heart of Africa Mission have already gained a footing, but large areas are still unoccupied.

Thirdly, I mention Oentral Oongoland, between the Sankuru and Lualaba rivers-an extensive territory, extending southward to the Congo-Zambesi Divide and occupied as yet by no Protestant mission, though the Belgian Protestants contemplated commencing a mission here before the war put an end to their schemes. Finally, I would describe as needy areas-though not from personal knowledge-the territories of Portuguese Angola in the west, and of Portuguese East Africa on the east of the continent. * NOTE.-The Methodist Episcopal Church has already entered the southern part of the Belgian Congo and e:>:peets to care for the territory from the Congo-Zambesi Divide north to about 70· S. latitude and from the Kassai River east to the Cape to Cairo Railway. and the Lualaba River north of Bukama. Also the Methodist Episcopal Church South is entering the territory north of the above district between the Lualaba and Sankura, but with most of their work near the Sankura.-J. M. SPRINGER.

These five areas call for occupation with the least possible delay. Strategically considered, the need of the Sudan is the most urgent of all. There are already 60,000,000 of Mohammedans in Africa and they are daily adding to their numbers with a celerity which must appal us. Islam offers the African a higher culture than he knows, a purer religion than he professes, an ethics nobler than the pagan, and yet less stern and unyielding than the Christian. It describes itself as being in a pre-eminent degree the black man's religion. It is the most formidable foe with which Christianity has to contend in the Dark Continent. The future conflict in Africa will not be between Christianity and Paganism, but between Christianity and Mohammedanism.

If in the Sudan Christianity has most to dread from the advance of Mohammedan culture, in the rest of Africa it has most to dread from the onward march of European civilization. Africa is in process of swift transformation. Do what we will, civilization is penetrating to its remotest recesses. Its advance signifies inevitably the breaking up of old beHefs, the removal of ancient landmarks, the relaxation of agelong sanctions. The African is on the way to complete moral bankruptcy and if we are to rescue him we must act decisively and instantly. We must introduce other and higher sanctions and safeguards. We must take him the gospel of a new life and train him in the principles of Jesus Christ.

I would fain end upon a note of hope. "After all your travels in Ceutral Africa," said a lady to me, with a skeptical shake of the head, "do you still think we ought to evangelize the blacks?" It is too late to put that question. The missionary enterprise is in full operation. Protestants and Catholics-there are 12,000 missionaries at work in Africa today. But they stand faCing overwhelming forces-60,000,OOO of Mohammedans and twice that number of pagans. Nevertheless, they are making progress, most encouraging progress.

'Vould you know whether the missionary enterprise in Africa is succeeding, take stock of the churches already established. Hi monumentum requirisJ circllmspice. Visit the Basel Mission on the West Coast, the American Missions in Kamerum and on the Kassai, the Baptist Missions on the Congo, the Church Missionary Society in Uganda, and the Presbyterian Missions in Nyasaland and you shall see results that will gladden the heart and silence forever all doubts as to the efficacy of mission work. The missionary enterprise needs no wordy apologetic. Its deeds are its defense; its acts are its argument; its achievements are its apologetic. And all the glad results of past endeavors must impel us to redoubled effort in the future, in faith and hope, in gratitude and in obedience.

MACKENZIE AND HER "BUSHCAR" IN WEST

A Spiritual Clinic In Africa BY MISS JEAN MACKENZIE, METET, WEST AFRICA Author of "Black Sheep," "An African Trail," etc.

AT the conference for evangelists at Elat, in December, there were 574 evangelists and 379 wives. If I seem not to have written . much about it, that is because it was too big to write about so soon. I am still getting my breath. Those nine hundred people all looked at us with that combined demand which is like a wave coming in from the sea. You dig your toes into the platform to meet it. We white women looked after the women. But at noon I used to sit in the great church where Mr. Johnston met with somewhat over 500 evangelists to answer their questions on the practice of their profession. It used to delight me that the men were no less disorderly at this session than the women when I answered their questions. And the women, being only the wives of evangelists, married to their profession and sold to it, and not always people of a vocation, might have been expected to show poorer form than the men, besides being just women.

It was exciting to both these tribes to be able to pu~ their perplexities up to the doctor, and I never felt more the difficulties that torment them, in their quality of pioneer, than at those noon hours when Mr. Johnston must answer right off the bat the questions which I was likely to meet in the afternoon. We talked on different days about such practical matters as visiting the sick, comforting the mourners, addressing the passerby-when I think how to write of these things I know how little they reveal themselves in their local aspect and it is hard for me to speak further about them.

You see, with us the heathen do actually and exactly rage; they do, to the immense horror and disaster of their townspeople, "imagine a vain thing." Blood and tears lay the dust of the village street in moments of emergency when there seems to be a call for action and, when it seems best for the common good, to deal without gloves. And there stands the evangelist who must not interfere with custom, with the authority of the headman, with "another's thing" bought and paid for, and now to "be the goat." I suppose you know that the goat, so much a joke with us, was not originally a joke. When you live here you see the grim shape under the pantaloon of more than one joke. Well, here is the evangelist from backwaters of the forest, on his feet in the shadow of the great roof of Elat Church, his hand urgently stretched out to Mr. Johnston on the platform, waiting his chance to ask how he is to deal with the goat. Is he privileged to rescue the goat? And Mr.•Johnston to whom the goat, in the pitiful form of widows in the ashes, babies whose mothers have died, ilittle girls sold for marriages, bewitched unhappy people-·poor Mr. Johnston must ans,wer for the twentieth time that half hour that really the evangelist must use discretion in his function of shepherd. The benefit of the church as sanctuary is certainly limited. After all, the evangelist is not a potentate, though his heart very much draws him to the exercise of all the temporal power that a priest may acquire, and the danger of a hierarchal development is not absent from our pastoral system.

SOME CURIOUS QUESTIONS All this white man's wisdom colors every answer of Mr. Johnston when he stands to answer the questions of the evangelists. I hope you don't think that all our evangelists are terribly clever-many of them are certainly the silly babes of the promise and rise solemnly to ask: "May the bereaved wail on Sunday?" "I~et them wail on Sunday," says Mr. Jolmston with a kind of weary patience, "as if it were another day." "What shall we do," a woman asks me at my own clinic, "when the townspeople beat the widows, but will stop if the Christians will pay them? Because in our hearts we very much pity the widows, but we do not know if it is right to pay them." I say very firmly, because my heart certainly pities the widows, that the townspeople are not to be paid, as they would certainly then find other widows to beat. "We too have said so," assents the woman, but she is not happy in her wisdom and still looks at me with shadowed eyes. This type of blackmail is ancient; it used to be imposed upon the relatives of the widow, but has been revived for the benefit of the Christians. It is hard for my women not to be personal in their questions. When we speak of the things of consolation there is one and another woman on her feet to say:

A SPIRITUAL ,CLINIC IN AFRICA

"Tell me what to do, my mother is old, she is all I have, no one else remains to me but just my mother, we are just two, and I know that soon she must die-I ask you how shall I bear that sorrow?"

I turn over the leaves in the hand-book which Mr. Johnston has just got out, and I read to her that verse which says in the Bulu: "I will not leave you orphaned, I will come to you," and for a minute we speak of the loss of father and mother. That is so unique, because husbands can always be replaced in this counhy, and because a woman who has borne one child may perhaps bear another, but who will ever mother and father us again?

Thus we strive to widen our sympathies, as we must do, if we are indeed to serve. And the women look at me with soft eyes and sigh, BIBLE READE'RS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN MISSION AT A SEVEN WEEKS' TRAINING SCHOOL, WEST AFRICA MISSION and say to one another that even the white women know. Well, it is my opinion that the white women can hardly know the forlorn orphanage of this country, where every human being may profit by the sale of women but a woman's mother.

We speak of the duties of women to orphaned babies. Mrs. Hope has been talking of the care of children for an hour each morning, and her pleas must have gone home, for Mendus, young, intelligent, very earnestly a Christian, happy in a good husband and a baby, rises to say that she has never taken thought for the babies of dead mothers until now, and if now she should indeed rise up to pity and to care for

them, will the Lord forgive her the things of the past? It is hard, you see, for us to be anything but personal.

Here is a common matter of question: "My husband has brought into the house a poor oppressed widow, she lives with us until her affairs are settled-but will she help me at the garden work or the housework? Not she. And she is cross to the children. I don't say that I grudge the help we can give her, for she is certainly to be pitied. The scars on her body are only now healing and if we don't help her no one will, but I ask you how am I to put up with her?"

To this question, as with all questions which bear upon quarrels, I "pussy-foot." I remind the women that hatred, like a child, is never born of one parent. But in my own heart I despise that widow-her vices are so familiar.

Well, excitement runs high at our clinic, disorder breaks out at the more vital queries, and when every heart is awake there begin to come to the surface the passionate questions about envy. Yes, when these hearts give up the fundamental bitterness it is seen to be envy. How to cope with the envy we meet and the envy we feel. It is well at this point to let Christ reveal himself, who could pass all the traders in Jerusalem and never grieve that He might not adorn Himself with their bright wares; who was obscure; who was so little popular with the elders of the church in his own town; who never had a child. We do well at this point to remember the Lord Jesus. This remembrance subdues us and tempers the heat of our hearts' fires.

We go out into the later afternoon, where the young girls of the neighborhood have been caring for our many darling babies. We reclaim these and go back to our crowded quarters down by the "engine" or over in the school town, softened surely by a sense of that presence which has not been absent from the "big meeting" at Elat. The evangelists and their wives say that there must be every year a meeting for them. That is their version of the "three tabernacles" that were to have been the permanent home of those three disciples if Christ had not been a. wanderer and a Master of wanderers.

So back again by the many ways of the forest the evangelists and their wives have gone with that leisurely domestic gait that we Bulu call "woman's walk," with their little packs of treasures new and old. Tbese they will be displaying this very night by the light of the one lantern in the town, in the towns of how many tribes, and to the admiration of how many faithful hearts.

AN INCIDENT TOLD BY A MEDICAL MISSIONARY.

A native African soldier captured several women and cocking his gun said: "If there is a woman here who dares to say she is a Christian I will shoot her on the spot. Now who is a Christian?"

One woman held up her hand and said, "I am." "Stand out here," said the soldier, and when the woman stepped out he said, "You may go free, for you must be the real thing."-The Missionary Voice.

OF A FACTORY IN FRANCE BLOWN UP BY HINDENBURG BEI!'ORE HIS

Witnessing Protestants of Belgium BY REV. HENRI ANET, PH.D. Delegate of the Huguenot Committee in America A MARTYR is a sufferer, but he is also and primarily a witness, ac- cepting the suffering willingly and not in blind and passive obedience. "This war is teaching us a great lesson," writes a French soldier to his pastor, "we understand and feel now how much Christ did suffer to save humanity."

Another Protestant soldier writing to his mother: "Under shell· fire, I have become a witness for Christ."

In October, 1917, I saw OUr Belgian soldiers again at tIle front in Flanders and in the devastated regions of Northern France. Every· where their calm heroism is admirable. In a letter to his mother a young French Protestant writes: "I am not afraid of death; I have made the sacrifice of my life without fear."

A Belgian Protestant chaplain could say: "Our roldiers are be-

having to the credit of their country and of their church." Another chaplain told me that in his division there were only forty-five Protestant soldiers when he arrived, while now he has on his roll one hUlltll~d and twenty-three, in spite of the fact that the Catholics can more easily obtain favors. We have a number of mission stations at the front and in the war zone of Flanders and Belgium. There are still one hundred and three stations and out-stations under German regime. At the post of duty and danger our pastors, their devoted wives, and our deaconesses are ministering to the needs of the fear-stricken people materially as well as spiritually. With very small salaries, they are upholding the banner of Christ with great hardship owing to the great cost of living.

AFTER A GERMAN BOMBARDMENT, MEOHLIN, BELGIUM Recently the population of Northern France was evacuated into Belgium. They were received with splendid generosity by the impoverished Protestant congregations. Nothing is left of the property and homes of these poor people. The able-bodied men, women and girls above fourteen years old are being used by the Teutons as slaves under the hardest conditions. Mothers and children, the maimed and the aged are sent back to France through Switzerland. At the Swiss border and in Paris our agents and deaconesses are helping to care for· these unfortunates, whose distress baffles description.

Those who remain under German yoke do not desire peace and personal freedom at the cost of national honor and international righteousness. One of them, belonging to the church at St. Quentin writes from a prison in Germany: "In spite of the awful anxiety, I am keep-

WITNESSING PROTESTANTS OF BELGIUM

WHERE THE BELGIANS MUST RE~ESTABLISH THEIR CHURCHES AT DRESLINCOURT The Only Family Found Living In the Ruins of the Village ing an unshakable confidence in God, who is overruling all things. I equip myself with patience. Je suis incapable de decouragement/'

Our mission stations have become centers of popular education. With the help of devoted laymen, our pastors are teaching the unemployed (nine~tenths of our men are out of work) reading, arithmetic, history, geography and English. Our pastors are in great demand as lecturers in the "People's Universities." They are contributing greatly to keeping up the morale of all classes of the population.

Many members of our churches are among the workmen deported into Germany where every means has been used to force them to sign what the Germans term "free contracts of labor." They have been starved, flogged, two hundred of them packed for forty-five hours in a closed room with just place to stand, etc. They resisted courageously and were worthy of their ancestors-the Huguenots persecuted for conscience's sake. In many cases, some of our Protestant workers organized prayer meetings in the prison camps.

rt is more necessary than ever to uphold the banner of the Gospel. "The nation that wins this war," said a German prisoner, "is the one with the strongest nerves." In distress, torture and danger what nerve

tonic can be compared with the Gospel of our Saviour? To gain a real victory we must bring our people nearer to Jesus Christ. Friends in A.merica must not only encourage and support them with their armies, but must help to re-establish them in their homes and their churches.* We trust that new nations will come out of the ashes, but they must be built on character. To rebuild them, to make them stronger than before the war, we need men-real men. The only power able to do that work is the Gospel of the Son of God. That is the reason why our Protestant churches have their special mission in these momentous times. They give back to our fellow-citizens the old Gospel of the Huguenots, which has established Christian democracy in the world.

No book is so little read, so utterly unknown by many in our nations, as the Bible. Under the spiritual revival brought about by the war, many are eager to get a personal knowledge of the Word of God. Writing from Brussels in December, 1917, Rev. Kennedy Anet, the general secretary of the Belgian Missionary Church, says that many people, often of the higher classes, visit our pastors to inquire about the Gospel, that many buy the Word of God from the Evangelical Bookseller at Brussels, that in the provinces the colporteurs have exhausted all their supply of biblical portions. As a proof of the high type of our living Christian citizens I quote two testimonies.

The first was written from Flanders by a Belgian Protestant chaplain. "During the last two years at the front," he wrote, "I met many young men from your Belgian churches. I was struck by their deep piety, their fine moraility; they are elite; they have won the respect of the whole army. I have received from them more than I could give them."

The other proof of the efficiency of our work may be found in the heroism of a young patriot whom the Germans condemned to death last Spring. He was a member of the church at Charleroi and of German descent. He was condemned for exactly the same "crime" as Miss Cavell: helping wounded soldiers of the Allies to escape to Holland. For a long and painful trial, he took all the responsibility upon himself and saved the life of his accomplices. The night before his execution he wrote several letters. To his daughter: "When you are grown up never forget that your daddy died thinking of that Jesus and trying to love his own people as the Savior did."

To his brother: "I can assure you that nothing is finer nor safer than to follow Christ. He is the one who gave me the strength to live through the painful weeks of imprisonment, and who will soon give me the courage to die like a man."

*The American Huguenot Committee represents the Belgian Missionary Church the Central Evangelical Society of France, and the Evangelistic Committee of the Free Church of France. Dr. William J. Schiell'elin is chairman and Edmond E. Robert is treasurer, 3 Maiden Lane, New York.

Struggle for Democracy In China*

BY PROF. CHANG PO-LING, OF TIENTSIN, CHINA This address, by one who has been called "The Arnold of China," is a clear state- ment of the forces that are making for stable self-government in China. Mr. Chang is· one of the leading educMors in China, the head of a large school for boys in Tientsin and one of the influential Christian leaders of the 1IMion.-EDITOR.

I HAVE come to this country only about five months, but I have been often asked by my dearest American friends a question which is like this: Do you think that the republican government can stand in China? That is a very hal'd question to answer. Some- times I answer: "I think it can stand. I hope it will. As a citizen of China I will work for it. I will die for it if necessary."

But after answering in this way, I have thought within myself: Why do the people in America ask such a question. I am reminded that many people in China even now have little confidence in the new Republican Government. I used to argue with them. I said: "If you have no confidence in the republican government, do you think that a monarchical government can be restored?" It is very hard fora Manchu to be put again on to the throne after he has been put out, because Manchus are very weak now.

Last summer General Chang-Hsun disregarded the peop~e's opin- ion and tried to restore the ex-emperor Hsuan-Tung, but even the Manchus, the imperial family, did not like it, because they knew they had no force to support them. No one in this world, of course, except Chang-Hsun when he fell, would believe that a Manchu ruler will be restored to the throne. Impossible.

Yuan Shi Kai was known to be the strongest man in China. He tried to create himself an emperor, but he failed. I think that no Chinese will dare to try that, not at least for fifty years, because the thinking man now in China is on this side. Considering these two facts. monarchical government is absolutelY dead in China.

If I were asked: "How long do you expect that China can have an ideal government which is of the people, by the people, for the people," my answer would be, I don't know. If I compare conditions in China with what is necessary to make a strong, real republican government. I see that we have not :vet an ideal government. The mass of the neon11" in China are iQ'llorant and it is very hard to make a . g'Overnment of the peonll", hv the neonle. ThrollQ'h their long history file Chinese have hel'll indifferent to political affairs: that is another ilifficl11tv. T·f)!'1t of all, the ~hinese peopJe are poor j as Dr. Eliot said, they are too poor to be ~!'Ood. Oh, poor ~hina, poor China! Could it ',AIl Ad.dTe~~ at the Missionarr Rece~tlon! Hotel Savoy. New York, .:ranuarr 14, 19l8,

stand without a government? I think not. May she be unfortunately governed by the Powers, or by one foreign Power? I hope not.

Let me relate to you something about my own life. I have been a Christian only for ten years. Before that time I was not antagonistic t()wards Christianity, but I did not believe it. I was born in China, just in its period of transition, for the Chinese as a nation have had bitter experiences, from foreign aggressions. When I was about twenty I thought that the highest virtue that a man had was patriotism. But I saw the corruption of our government, the selfishness of the officials, the ignorance of the people, and the vices of the leaders. I t made me extremely pessimistic. One time I thought that it would be better for me to preach a doctrine like this: I thought this world materially is a good world; but there are men living in this world, so it makes the world bad. All vices and all things happen to this world on account of men. To get rid of these vices from the world is to get rid of all these men. So I said: If a man or a woman is born in this world, they are born to sutIer many things, but death is the last thing which men or women have to suffer. The best thing is not to have children born for this world. We may ask the doctors to find some means to prevent this. Although we can have marriage, no birth will be given. In a hundred years' time the world will be free from men. It will be pure. Fortunately, America sent some of the college graduates to China to start the Y. M. C. A. Some of them helped me to teach Chinese boys. I found that they had the spirit of love and service. It aroused my admiration. I asked them, "How do you get it?" They said they were Christians. I did not believe it, and tried to find from the teaching of Confucius and Buddha some way to get such kind of spirit, but I could not. At last I was convinced; and I was won by their spirit.. I became a Christian. I was an extreme pessimist before I was converted, but afterward I was an extreme optimist. I found the way how to save our nation-through Jesus Christ. That is all; very simple. Once you turn your head you will see the Face, no matter how far you have gone. I have now a great hope in my life. I have a great hope for our country. Although it may seem impossible, with the light of Jesus Christ I can see the bright side of things, with His power I think man can do things which are considered impossible. The idea of democracy, I believr, came with the teaching of Chris· tianity to China. I can give one instance. In my native city of Tientsin there wa~ a man, about fifteen years ago, who was a great scholar. He said that if this new doctrine spread in China then there would .,e no room for the emperor to exist. because in the teaching of Jesus'

Christ von would find the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man. He is quite right. This new idea of democracy, of equalitr, came to us from the teaching of Christianity. Some of my fellow countrymen may not agr('e with me. They may say in the teaching of Confucius

THE STRUGGLE FOR DEMOCRACY IN CHINA

you can find something about democracy. The facts cannot be ignored. Did the Confucius say that all men are made equal? No, but he be· lieved that a government ought to be for the people. He believed to a certain extent that a government ought to be of some of the people– not all. But he did not say that a government ought to be by the people. Probably he knew the difficulty of running the political machine, so he decided not to teach us to run it. His conception of democracy is not so fuU, not so strong as in the teaching of Christianity.

A little over fifty years ago there was the Tai-ping rebellion. It did not succeed in putting down the Manchu dynasty, but it gave the Chinese people a hint that the despotic ruler was not at all good for a nation. In 1911, the last revolution broke out in China, and in a short time the emperor was put out of the throne. The first thing they did was to change the name of their country. They used to call themselves "The Middle K,ingdom." They did not know the world is round and thought that they were the center of this earth. But after they put out their Manchu emperor they called their country the "Country of the People." The country belongs to the people at large, not to one nor to a class. This year is the seventh year of the Country of the People; that is, The Republic of China. To an optimist like myself, the results that have been wrought by the great and small revolutions have been favorable to the people. There are still some notorious enemies of the republican government. Some of them have been thrown down by God, like Yuan Shi Kai and others we hope gradually will be out of power. The younger generation believes that the country should be a country of the people, not of one person or one class, but should be a country of the people. I hope that the two parties will soon unite and discuss constructive work.

In the constructive work two things are very important. One is education, to educate the people to be fit for the republican government. Of course that goal is a long way off.

The second thing is the development of our natural resources. The people should not be so poor. They have abundant natura} resources in the ground.

But to carry out these things we need leaders-unselfish, true leaders. "Ve have to thank the Americans who have been helping us to train our young men. About a thousand Chinese students have returned from this country and are working in China, and there are fourteen hundred now studying in this country. I hope that you people will give them the inspiration to make them true, unselfish, leaders, in order to solve these great problems for China, for their country, for this world.

THE NEW PRESB,YTElRIAN GIRL'S SCHOOlr–BEFORE AND AFTER The remaining walls were thrown down by subsequent shocks. The beautiful new Hospital and Nurses' Training School suffered similar fate THE PRESBYTJjlRIAN CHURCH BEFORE AND AFTER The church was supposed to be earthquake proof. The Press' Building is at the left. Mission presses remained intact on the second lioor of the building. DEMOLISHED BY THE GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE

of the Guatemala

BY THE REV. STANLEY WHITE, D.D., NEW YORK_ Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions I T was at the special request of President Barrios that the Amer- ican ~resbyterian Ohurch established a mission in Guatemala in 1882. This fact gives to Protestant Missions a distinct advantage in conducting religious work in Guatemala, for the missionary has free access to the favor of all the officials from the President down. Today, after thirty-five years, the Presbyterian Mission has two main stations and eleven missionaries, six out-stations, 150 or 175 communicants and 1,000 adherents. Last Ohristmas, at the time of the earthquake~ the Mission had, in Guatemala Oity, a modern girls' boarding school and a new hospital and -training school~ a large well built church, a mission house and a press building. All of these were destroyed by the repeated earthquake shocks that threw down practically every build- ing in the city.

The serious loss that this means to the people of Guatemala is indi- _cated by the fact that in the three and one-half years since the hospital was built it has cared for 530 cases, there have been 6,587 prescriptions given in the hospital clinic, 1,235 surgical dressings have been put on, and over 1,200 visits have been made to outside patients. The record for last year was as follows: LJ [ [!! '2651 Out-patients treated. 19(X) Prescriptions to office patients. 285 Visits to homes of the sick. 142 In-patients treated.

This hospital is the only Christian institution of the kind for the nearly six million people in Central America.

The outlook for the future was full of promise when on December 25th, 1917, one of the most severe earthquakes that has ever visited Guatemala destroyed all the Mission property in the capital and made 100,000 people homeless. The church, press building, missionaries'

homes, school and hospital were all wrecked, compelling the missiona· ries to live in temporary shacks hastily erected to meet the emergency.

Rev. Edward H. Haymaker, a missionary on the scene, gives a vivid de- scription of the catastrophe. • On the evening of December 24th, everyone in Guatemala was brought to his feet with what might-best be described as a merciless spank with a padded 2×12 plank, a sudden wicked bump from below that seemed to say to everyone, Get up! The ne:x;t night at 10 :45 came another, shortly followed by a terrific shaking, or earth ague, that sent to the ground great numbers of the weakest honses of the city, im- portant parts of most all the others, knocked d& Nn towers and domes of churches, wrecked public buildings, shook down poles and wires

and played havoc generally. That was but the beginning. Up to today (February 9th) there have been six terrific quakes, interspersed with innumerable smaller ones of varied intensity, minutes or even hours apart, at other times an almost continuous tremor.

Each shock not only brought down, on its own account, many of the walls, but loosened and threw out of plumb a great deal for sue· ceeding shocks to finish. There is probably not a house in the city that is not somewhat injured; ninety-nine per cent of them are dangerous to enter. In certain sections most of the street walls are standing, though the interior walls are cracked or tumbled. li'ew of the standing walls can be safely used again. The larger buildings of course suffered most. And such destruction! Forts, railroad station, theatres, markets, barracks, colleges, jails, penitentiary, post office, custom house, hall of records, national palace, municipal buildings, hospitals, asylums, hospices, the twenty-eight Catholic and the two Protestant churches, ~onuments, fountains, overhead tanks, factories, stores, telephone and telegraph plants, electric light wires-everything pitched and tumbled or wrecked far beyond the point of safety-cemeteries with their mausoleums wrenched open and the dead tumbled out ruthlessly in all stages of decomposition and in all positions and attitudes, streets impassable from the debris of the fallen walls, menacing walls to right and left, broken water mains, a hopeless tangle of telephone wires now silent and electric wires now dead-the whole conglomeration forming one of the most horrid pictures of chaos and desolation that the most finicky demon of all pandemonium could order for his amusement.

How does an earthquake feel? In all our human experiences we are accustomed to take the solid earth for granted, as the one thing that can be depended on to catch us, no matter what else may prove false. There is a peculiar, indescribable "all gone" feeling when one finds that the very earth can no longer be trusted. The actual shaking experience is about what one would feel if shut up in a box and compelled to take a ride on the back of a bucking broncho for some seconds or minutes. It is usually heralded by a horrible premonitory rumbling for a second or so, probably due to the sound waves traveling faster than the terrestrial vibrations, a rumbling that increases in intensity and terror till the quake catches up and the fracas itself is on. The lights all go out, turned off by the managers of the plant to prevent death from contact with the fallen wires; the iron roofing begins to rattle; tiles smash on the pavement; doors jam so that they cannot be opened; dishes, lamps and bric·a-brae begin to smash; the furniture takes to pitching around; wardrobes tumble over on their faces; pictures fall from the wall; book shelves pitch their cargo into the middle of the room as if in disgust; pitchers and pails empty themselves regardless of results; dogs begin to bark, and, if at night, roosters all take to crowing like wild; cattle begin to bellow and babies to cry and women

RESULTS OF THE GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE

to scream; men yell orders, usually foolish ones; windows smash to smithereens; walls crash to earth or sway like drunken men; loose brick and adobes keep falling on prostrate doors and roofing like clods on a pauper's coffin. Rising above all the terrors and the uncanny noises, can be heard the weird and terrified crescendo and cadence of innumerable frightened old women religiously repeating their incantations to their favorite saints in whose miraculous power they have confidence, in pious disregard of the fact that the said miraculous images are at that instant lying in very unmiraculous splinters under forty tons of shivered church wall. Amidst the clatter and confusion, a piercing shriek of distress may now and again be distinguished-some wretch has been caught by a falling wall, or some dear one is imprisoned and sure to be crushed, or some relative is missing and believed by frantic friends to be under the ruin, dead or worse. The air is laden with shrieks of distress till the missing one perchance comes up from behind, and taps the shrieker on the shoulder with a mild request to make less noise_ After the first lull, the streets are alive with people rushing frantically, and sometimes calling for acquaintances who are lost or whose condition is unknown. Probably more people lose their lives in this way than in any other. One man, safely out, went back for his bottle of whiskey and was caught by a falling wall and killed. To visualize, you must fill the air to opaqueness and suffocation with dust from crumbling adobes and plaster, which greatly increases th~ horror and multiplies the discomfort.

With the first severe quake, everyone fled to the parks, boulevards, open squares and fields adjoining the dty, to escape the imminent menace of the falling walls. The next day when the quakes had subsided somewhat, many stole back at risks of their lives to get some of their valuables and some of the most necessary clothing and utensils. The flight necessarily took place with very scant supply of food, clothing and bed covering. Those who had families, and those who had no money, of course, had to stay near the City, but those who had relatives in other towns, and had the means, took the train for some place else; often going out like Abraham, not knowing whither they went, for they "looked for a city that hath foundations" instead of the one that was shaken.

The Government was shaken out of house and home, like everybOdy else, but showed remarkable activity in gathering itself together and taking steps to master the situation. Almost from the first, order has been preserved, food supplies have been looked after, red cross and other relief work organized, efforts made to handle the sanitation problem, menacing walls thrown down, streets promptly cleared, guards set at places of special danger-in a word, the Government has shown itself decidedly efficient, considering the means at its disposal. There is still a great lack of roofing and bed-clothing, since these things are mostly :of foreign manufacture_ The first thing for each family was to improvise

a house. Even Diogenes had to have his tub. The first earthquake house is usually improvised with three sticks and a blanket-if one has the blanket and the sticks. Four sticks and a carpet is luxury, and any con- traption covered with sheet iron roofing is palatial. Industry at first was entirely disorganized, the wrecked banks were out of b.usiness, and there was no money to buy anything, and nothing to buy. Wealthy men were walking the streets or lying in the fields without a dollar in hand or obtainable. This was soon remedied, for the banks opened in pro- visional booths, and business houses began to dig out their wares, and work became plenty. As the rainy season approaches, the great relief needed is sheet roofing to protect th~ people from rain. Several hundred thousand sheets of steel roofing sent down and sold at cost would be the finest charity that could be devised.

Many of the reports that have been published have been exagger- ated. The big bridge is not down nor even injured, and the deaths have been limited to some three hundred. There is unquestionably great suf- fering, but the better classes feel it most. The poorer and working classes had no home before, and were often starving, but had no earthquake to blame it on. Now the starving have food, and he who can steal a square of roofing has his house as good as usual without paying rent. The better classes are brought down to the level of their poorer neighbors and are not used to it. To the cradle and the tomb, we can safely add the earthquake as a great leveler. An Indian blanket that he laughed at before makes a fine overcoat for. a fop. A millionaire has no compunctions in "hitting" a friend for a dollar. Collars went out of style early by process of exhaustive elimination. Everybody is yellow with dust from the knees down-and up.

Yet. with all this relentless destruction, this ruthless wrecking of plans, this rude bumping around against one's will, one needs all his recreational piety, all his sense of humor and all the force of his philosophy to hold himself in check and keep sweet. The perpetual strain caused by the unaccustomed bracing for a big knock-down quake at any moment, the loss of all one's earthly belongings, or many of them, as is the case with most, the wreck of all one's plans and ambitions in a moment and then the gradual soaking of it all into consciousness through subsequent weary weeks, the continual change of conditions resulting in an entire change of plans and need of quick action, and above all the general air of discouragement in the public spirit, all this gradually gets on. the strongest nerves, unless one is a character of iron, or is sustained by unusual grace. So many unconsciously grow jagged and cross. Women take crying spells and men become quarrelsome. The happiest of all are the children who do not appreciate either the danger, the loss or the responsibility. Even in this riot of desolation, the humorous bobs up at every turn to help us out.

lt is remarkable how quickly the logic of a great disaster is foro.

gotten. While one of these big shakes is on, there is probably not a soul in the city that believes in masonry houses. Within a week after, they are making plans to use adobes and brick houses because they are cheap. Within a year the City will be rebuilt, mostly of masonry, and within three years a second story will be added, and plans made for a third. They always do. It is the time now for rational people to heed the lesson that has been so roughly read us, and avoid structures in the future that court disaster.

The extent of the disaster is greater than is ordinarily supposed by eye-witnesses. Some towns outside the Capital have been destroyed, though not many. Of course, any city of 100,000 people, with all its homes, its public utility and public buildings wrecked, and some seventy per cent. of its furniture smashed, has suffered losses far up into the millions. But Guatemala is the capital of a region as large as New England. The next city is less than one-fourth its size. Everything important in the nation, governmental,. financial, industrial, educational, religious, legal, social, literary, artistic, even punitive and vicious has its main plant and sphere of action in the capital. It is not merely like a capital with us. It is Washington, New York, Chicago, San Francisco and more, all combined. It is as ancient Rome was to the Empire. It is the nation itself. Hence this is a solar plexus blow, not to a city, but to a nation. The Republic has been hit hard right where its vitals are. The remarkable mercy is that so few casualties have resulted in so general a destruction, so national a disaster. Five or six thousand deaths were due with so extensive a disaster, but it scarcely reached three hundred.

So many years had elapsed since previous disastrous earthquakes that this one came as a surprise. The old capital at Antigua was twice destroyed, in 1541 and 1773, and Quezaltenangoin 1802. In the early days the people, hoping to "convert" the volcanic mountain that was threatening their lives, went out headed by the Roman Catholic priests and baptized it, receiving it into the Papal Church. Evidently it has fallen from grace, for this time it has delivered its most destructive blow.

The indomitable courage of the missionaries is shown in the zeal with which they have undertaken the work of relief and reconstruction. One writes: "I believe the earthquake has done a wonderful thing in my life for me. It has put all temporal things in their right place and and light, and the things that are eternal and cannot be shaken have a more real and solid place in my life."

Another missionary says: "Now when people's hearts are torn by fear and softened by suffering we have our great chance."

The Presbyterian Board Foreign Missions has sent out a call for $100,000 for the purpose of rebuilding the Church, Hospital, School and Press Building. This should be done immediately and we have faith that the Church at home will rise to the emergency.

$4,322.010 INCOME CHART I 1890 B. ST. JOHN INCOME $::; ,355.648 STATISTICAL BUREAU 1695 fOREIGN MISSIONS CONF'ER£NCE Tot a 25 MADISON AV£ •• N. v. amounts raised in Can- $6.204,355 ada and in the 1900 United States for missionary ft;8,459,653 work in Eu- 1905 rope, in Latin America, and in $11.946.218 the non-Chris- 1910 tian world.

.16.939,741 19115 I1JZO, 4;; '7',tsC 191'7' .,LUOfISO I Z 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II If 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 FOREIGN STA.~F" CHART II "THE ",ON-CHRISTIAN WORLD 2,408 FOREIGN STAFF 2 37 B. ST. JOHN Totals of so- STATISTICAL BUREAU cieties having rOREIGN MISSIONS CONfERENCE headquarters in Canada or in 25 MADISON AVL. N. Y. the United States wit h 4,057 Canadians and Americans un- 4.77::- d e r appoint- ment by inter- 6,661 national socie- ties. 19157 ~~_l~~!.89..3)J5006~~;;;;;;;;;;;;;~~ 20 2.3 4 5 6 7 8 9 NATIVE:. STAF" CHART III THE NON-CHRISTIAN NATIVE STAFF B. ST, JOHN STATISTICAL 8UREAU Totals of so- FOREIGN MISSIONS CONfERENCE cieties having headquarters in 215 MADISON AVE,. N V Canada or in the Un i ted 1910 States; wit h those specially _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1915 1!!!!!l1!i!l~_ ~~~—- 111!11 supported from these countries 1917 O~~~~~~~~~8 ~10~12~11~- 16~18~20~2~2 2~1- e~s Z~6 3~0 3~2 ~31-~36~36~40~~z~« through inter- -IS national socie- ties.

CHARTS OF FOREIGN MISSION PROGRESS

A Comparison in Missionary

BY REV. BURTON ST. JOHN, NEW YORK Director of the Statistical Bureau of the Foreign Mission Conference F OR several years the Foreign Missions Conference of North America has prepared a set of Home Base Statistics which have included the income of Foreign Missionary Societies and also a brief statement of the field statistics for these Societies. There hal'! been a demand that these statistics be changed somewhat to meet the changing situation in the missionary enterprise. Consequently during the past year the Statistical Bureau, organized by the Committee of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missions Conference, has carefully revised its plan of reporting. The statistics presented at the Garden City Conference were gathere(l according to this new basis.

These statilJtics were presented in three tables. The first indicated the incQmes of the Societies. As will be seen by the accompanying table, this totaled over $20,400,000. Of this amount $18,500,000 was given by living donors. The balance of nearly $2,000,000 indicates the incomes from legacies, endowments and other sources. Neither of these headings include the income of the societies derived from the mission fields. The grand total therefore represents, as far as it was possible to be ascertained, the amount given in Canada and in the United States for the carrying on of foreign missionary enterprises.

'Vithin the term "Foreign Missions" are included three groups of countries. First is Europe, excepting Turkey in Europe. Second is Latin America (West Indies, Mexico, Central America and South America). Third is the Non-Christian World (Turkey in Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania). Under these three headings the field statistics for the Societies were presented.

Since several Home Missionary organizations work in the area included in Latin America, the income expended by these Societies in work in Latin America was included in the total of the $20,400,000. The field work of these societies was also reported under the heading f.latin America just as if they were called Foreign Missionary Societies.

The value of the separation of the report under these three headings will be seen at once. The work of the American societies in Europe is in general of a different type from that of their wor.k in the non-Christian World. The Latin American group was set by itself in order to meet the increasing needs of the Committee on Cooperation in I~atin America.

n is interesting to note that ther-e were 93 denominational organ- izations reported from Canada and t.he United States, not including the societies with varying grades of auxiliary relation wldeh did not make

independent reports. There were also 22 interdenominational socie- ties, if we define the term "interdenominational society" as an organization which works in the name of and recognizes responsibility to two or more denominational societies-e. g., The Student Volunteer Movement, The University of Nanking. Therefore there are 115 organizations which may be said to be under denominationl control.

In addition to these there are 47 societies which are independent of denominational control. Nearly all, if not all, of these organizations, however, draw their chief support from the membership of the various denominations and require of their missionaries that they be members of some evangelical church.

The largest income reported by a single society was $2,967,027. The average income of the societies recognizing denominational control is $170,000. However, since the incomes of these societies run to such extremes, the typical society would be one which has an income of about $30,000. In other words, there are as many denominational and interdenominational societies which have an income of less than $30,000 as there are which have an income of more than $30,000.

The largest income of an independent society is $193,690, the aver- age income of these 47 societies is_$27,000, while the typical society is one having an income of about $5,500. If one notes also that the total income of the independent societies is $1,125,000 and the in- come of the denominational and interdenominational societies is $19,- 300,000, one recognizes at a glance the fact. that the church member- ship of Canada and the United States believes most profoundly in the denominational or interdenominational control of missionary organizations. .

The accompanying charts give a view of the report for 1917, and also of statistics by five-year periods from 1890 worked out on a similar basis. We find that there has been a constant increase, not only in income, but also in the number of missionaries, the number of the native staff, the communicants, and the registration in schools of all grades. This period of twenty-seven years shows not only that there has been a steady increase but that. the rate of increase has been maintained. Indeed it has accelerated throughout the period. If one charts the percent of increase from one period to another he will discover that the rate of increase has been almost the same for each of these five points, altllOugh the increase in the income has been at a little higher rate than has been that of the field data. In the non- Christian world th~highest rate will be found to be with the communicants. The native staff has a slightly less rate of increase, the number in schools of all grades taking third place, while the foreign staff shows the lowest rate of increase.

The graphics for Europe, for Latin America and for the non- Ohristian world have been placed side by side in one chart. This has

A COMPARISON IN MISSIONARY STATISTICS

1690 B. ST. JOHN CHART IV 1895 STATISTICAL BUREAU COMMUNICANTS 1900 Iii-ill FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE Totals r e- Iii– 1905 ~iiii_ 25 MADISON AVE., N. V. ported by socie- ties h a v i n g 1910 headquarters in Canada or in the Un i ted States.

I1g9l1~1'~ I;;~;;J;I;;;;;;;;;;;~~J 9 been done for the purpose of showing the comparative bulk of the work as supported from Canada and the United States. This shows constantly throughout the four charts that the work in the non-Christian world bulks very much larger than in either Europe, or Latin America or in fact than in the two combined. This is of course as one would expect and feel to be quite necessary.

On the other hand, one should not be misled by the fact that the total increase from period to period in the non-Christian world is much larger than that in Europe and in Latin America. It does not follow from this that the percentage of increase is more rapid in the non- Christian world.

LATIN or ENROLLMENT IN SCHOOLS ALL GRADES WROP[ AMUlICA TH~ NON-CHRI5T1AN WORLD 1890 IIJl ~697 157,701 1895 ,964 ~,Z79 186,584 B. ST. JOHN CHART V STATISTICAL BUREAU ENROLLMENT IN FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE SCHOOLS OF v. 25 MADISON AVE., N. ALL GRADES 981 ~;218 224,451 Totals r e- 1900 ported by socie- ties h a v i n g 1905 Il'I48 ~o 2.7391C1 headquar:ters in Canada or in ~15 :ij59 379,041 the Un i ted States, but not 1910 including en – r oilmen t in e,561 50,213 498,952 Sunday-schools. iii. 1915 ~66 63SBZ7 1917 &010 .3 0 3 6 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 ~4 <7 30 33 36 J9 ~ 45 48 51 54 57 60 63 6Q

"Behind the Fighting Forces in France"

By GIPSY SMiTH, Evangelist A Y. M. C. A. Worker With the British Forces in France One of the London journalists, when I came back from the front, said to me: "Gipsy Smith, what is to be the attitude of the Y. M. C. A. and the churches?" I replied: "The communication trench."

If you could see our boys attend a Y. M. C. A. meeting just behind the lines, under the shell fire, you would not doubt my statement that they need and appreciate religious meetings. They flock to a service. It is far more easy to get them to a crowded meeting than it is to get some American men to attend church on Sunday morning.

If the churches are wise, they will use the Y. M. C. A. workers and huts for all they are worth. The Y. M. C. A. in Britain and France and America is the child of the churches. You never knew a rose bush jealous of the rose; you never knew an apple tree jealous of the apple; you never knew the sun jealous of the summer beauty and all that is glorious in your garden. Why should the church be jealous of the Y. M. C. A.? It is the child of the churches. When people say that the churches are failing and that they have done nothing in this war; point to the Red Triangle. It is an unanswerable argument for Christianity.

There is at the present time in America need for five thousand consecrated Christian men and women, who will don the uniform of the Y. M. C. A., submit to military authority and volunteer for this work in the camps and at the front. Today over twenty thousand men and women are working for Jesus Christ among the troops and the navy. Two-thirds of them are paying their own expenses and doing work for nothing-beautiful work.

Our soldier boys are splendid boys! .I love to serve them, whether it be with coffee or tea. We are pouring out two millions cups of tea per week. Your boys wlll want tea or coffee or malted milk, but I hope you will never give them strong drink; not a taste of it. We serve them with tea and coffee and cakes and chocolates and biscuits and "woodbines" and matches and candles and soaps and bachelor buttons and writing paper and envelopes. The British Army and Navy alone are receiving from the Y. M. C. A. huts twenty-five million pieces of stationery a month at the cost of from three to four hundred thousand dollars Per year. That is the best investment we can make. Fathers and mothers, sisters and sweethearts in America are getting writing paper and en- velopes from the boys bearing the Red Triangle and you should be glad to pay for it. The fifty million dollars raised in the drive before Christmas will soon be used up and you wil! be asked for another fifty million. Double it the next time. Your boys deserve it. We will never be out of their debt-it is too great.

~~~~~~"'~~'i80,~"~~"",.~~,,,~,,,,,,,,~~~,,,~,,~~,,,,,&,,':}'i;"'''~'''''~''*~,",~~,,~~~.~~~~ Please mention TIlE MISSIONARY REVIEW Qf' THE VORLD in writing to advertisers A SKETCH OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF TH E LATE REV. GEORGE BROWN, D.D., SECRETARY OF THE AUSTRALIAN METHODIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY BY REV. JOHN G. WHEE:ti, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA General Secretary, Methodist Missionary Society of Australasia F OR nearly sixty years the Rev. George Brown was in- timately associated with the missionary movement in the South- ern Hemisphere. His services as an administrator classed with men such as Williams, Chalmers and Laws. He was born at Barnard Castle, Durham, England, on 7th December, 1835. His father was George Brown, Barrister at Law.

Leaving school at an early age, the son began a business career, but his mercurial temperament unfit- ted him for the restraints of ali office or warehouse and he looked with longing eyes toward distant lands. At sixteen years of age, he took to a sea-faring life and for four years he roamed about the GOORlm BROWN OF AUSTRALIA world, meeting with ma"Ily strange . experiences.

In 1855 he sailed for New Zealand in the Duke of PortlandJ among whose passengers were Bishop Selwyn and the Rev. J. C. Patteson, afterwards Bishop of Melanesia. Soon after his arrival in New Zea- land he experienced that change of heart and life which led him to consecrate his future to the service of God and in 1860 he became a candidate for the Wesleyan Methodist ministry. The same year he received his appointment as a missionary to Samoa, and thus, at the age of twenty-five, began a career of Christian service which, before it ended at the ripe age of eighty·one, was to be crowded with romance and incident, not unmixerl with privation and peril. Before leaving for Samoa he married Miss S. IJ. Wallis, daughter of the Rev. James Wallis. Friends know how much the veteran missionary, who has recently passed to his reward, owed to the modest, gracious and saintly lady who still survives him.

The first Methodist missionary (Rev. P. Turner) wa~ appointed to Samoa in 1835, but subsequently operations were suspended for several years, the mission being resumed in 1857. George Brown was therefore one of the early missionaries to this group where he spent fourteen years and gained an intimate knowledge of the Samoan language. Mr. Brown quickly won the confidence and the love of the Samoans, who discovered that the slender, alert man who had COme to live and labor in their midst was ready to give the people of the land a warm place in his heart, and to identify himself with every project which made for the social, moral or spiritual advancement of the country and its people. Savaii, the island where he was stationed, has from 300 to 400 mil~s of coast line, along which there are stretches of 20 to 30 miles where no landing can be effected. The sea which sweeps around the island is subject to violent gales and storms, and many of the openings in the reef are exceedingly dangerous. As much of the traveling had to be done in a small, open boat, the experience gained in his boyhood days as a sailor proved to be invaluable to the young missionary. His fearlessness in the presence of danger and his readiness in any emergency did much to win for him the confidence of the brown-skinned island boatmen. Dr. Brown describes the Samoans as "a very kind and lovable people, but very quick to resent an insult or injury," and on more than one occasion he witnessed, and assisted in quelling, tribal wars. The people were, for the most part, still in a semi-heathen state and to him, with others, was given the joy of leading them into the full light of the Gospel day.

He left Samoa in 1874, "after receiving innumerable proofs from the natives of the affection which they had for us and of the work which we had been permitted to do amongst them during so many troublous years of their history." On several occasions he revisited Samoa, the last occasion being in 1915, when the mission district became financially independent. The veteran was everywhere received with affectionate enthusiasm by the natives, some of whom still remembered "Misi Polouni," as they had been acc1istomed to call him. On his return to Sydney, Dr. Brown placed before the Methodist Mission Board his views on the extension of missionary operations in the Pacific, and it was decided to commission him to visit the islands of New Britain and New Ireland, the two principal islands of the Bismarck Archipelago, with a view to commencing a mission in that group. These islands form what was part of German New Guinea, at present occupied by the Australian Imperial Forces. He visited Fiii for the purpose of securing a band of Christian Fiiians as helpers and during this visit there occurred a remarkable incident, which is still talked of by the older residents of Fiji.

Dr. Brown gave au addrpl'1s Ht the Methodist Training Institute at Navuloa before a large assemblage of native students, some of them representing the flower of Fijian young manhood. He related the pur- A DANCE OF TIRE NEW BRITAIN ISLANDgRS pose of his visit, and detailed the hardships and perils awaiting any who might go to this foreign land with its hordes of untutored sava.ges. At the close of the address he wa.s about to make a personal appeal for volunteers when the resident missionary (Rev. J. Waterhouse) interposed, saying that the meeting would be adjourned until the next day, and that in the meantime the men must confer with their wives and friends, and give themselves to prayer. The following day · the whole company assembled again, after prayer for Divine guidance, the men were asked if any would now offer for this difficult and hazardous service. In response all of the students, numbering eightythree, rose to their feet as volunteers. The effect was wonderful. Six of the most suitable men were chosen. Considerable influence was brought to bear upon them to deter them, even the G.overnor of the colony taking care to impress upon the men the risks to health and life which they were facing, and insisting upon their taking further time to consider. But the men were immovable of purpose, and when again called before the Governor and asked their decision they answered: "Sir, we have given ourselves up to do God's work, and our mind to-day, sir, is to go with Mr_ Brown. If we die, we die; if we live, we live."

They sa.iled away and New Britain was sighted on Saturday, 14th of August, 1875. In the afternoon of the next day the anchor was cast in Port Hunter, a landing being effected on the Duke of York Island, and they held the first Christian service ever heard of in the group. A motley company of curious, naked savages clustered near the mis· sion party and looked on, half affrighted, at this strange sight. One of the Ii'ijians gave the address.

For six years Dr. Brown was identified with this mission, being engaged in pioneering work which called into action all his wonderful reserves of skill and judgment in dealing with native races. He under· took long and arduous journeys by land and sea, visiting without fear or hesitation fierce warrior chiefs and people, and bearing to one and all the uplifting message of the Gospel. Slowly but surely the hearts of the people were opened to receive the truth and he, and his fellow workers, had the joy of seeing station after station occupied by Christian teachers and the establishment of a flourishing and growing native church. At the time of Dr. Brown's death the Methodist Mission in the New Britain district reported 260 preaching places, with six European missionaries, nine other European workers, six native ministers, 249 native teachers, and nearly thirty-three thousand native attendants on public worship. In 1881 Dr. Brown returned to Australia for domestic reasons, and for a few years was engaged in the home ministry.

In 1887 Dr. Brown was appointed General Secretary of the Methodist Missionary Society of Australasia, a position which he held with conspicuous ability for twenty-one years. New missions were opened under his guidance in Papua in 1891 and in the Solomon Islands in 1902, both of which have proved to be successful and growing enterprises. More than once Dr. Brown visited England and hiE: face became familar on the missionary platforms of the Motherland. His latest visit was in 1913, as the Australasian Methodist representative to the Centenary celebration~ of the British Wesleyan Methodi~t Missionary Sodety. He was a conspicuous and popular member of the group of eminent men who then foregathered from many parts of the world. The leaders of other denominations also often lookeo to him for guidance, and well-known British statesmen turned to him for counsel when formulating their propoE:als for the better administration of affairs in the distant British colonies of the Pacific.

Dr. Brown's versatility also led llim along many paths of study and research. His contributions to ethnolog-y and anthropology are well known, and he was recognized as an authority upon the languages and customs of the Polynesians and Melanesians. He was hon<!reo by manv public societieR ann waR electeo a vire-preRiilent. of the BritiRh ann Foreig-n Rihle !"1ocietv. Tn 1908 he retireil from the active ministry. but was elected llOnorar-v secrrtarv of the society which he had Rervecl so long and so ably. In 1913 the General Conferenre of the Methodist Churrh of Anstralasia chose him as its presioent and he held this office up to his death, on the 7th of April, 1917.

CLAREMONT COMMUNITY CHURCH AND PAHISH HOUSE

A Community Church In California BY THE REV. PHILIP SMEAD BIRD, DOBBS FERRY, NEW YORK The Claremont Church, at tile foot of "Old Baldy," a snow-capped peak of the Sierra Madre Mountains, towering two miles above the sea will be forever connected in the minds of those who know the history of Southern California with Pomona College.

When the college, organized in Pomona in the fall of 1888, moved to the old boom hotel five miles north on an open stretch of desert land in the winter of 1889, there immediately arose a pressing need of a church. Pomona was too far away and there was nothing nearer. That great-hearted man, Dr. Charles Burt Sumner, who had retired as pas· tor of the Pomona Church .where the college had been born and organ· ized, became acting pastor of the Congregational Church in Claremont.

For many years the needs of Pomona College were so urgent that the thought of building a church was not allowed to gain ground. Every cent that could be put into the new college was given for that purpose. When the institution outgrew "Harmony Hall," where men and women lived and worked and played, the church moved with it into the recitation building, which supplemented the life of the old main hal1. Here it did a splendid work for sixteen years.

In 1905 the demands of the community had become so insistent that it seemed expedient to have a church building that might be known as the center of the religious life of the town.

It was erected in a short time and opened for worship in 1906.

So completely did this churcll enter into the life of the town and college from the very beginning that no one has ever thought seriously of estab- lishing another church. Orange growers, professors, merchants, stu- dents, tourists of all Christian creeds-all worship in perfect harmony and friendship beneath one dome. Man-made theology and speculation are not burning questions in the Claremont Church-Christianity is. Men and women must love God; they must see in Jesus Christ God's perfect rev,:elation of Himself to His children; they must attempt to carry into practise in their own lives the principles of Christ-like service and devotion which Jesus taught. There are no ecclesiastical wrangles. Everywhere there is a spirit of fraternity and good fellow- ship and sympathy. Life is as large and free and open as the country. All are welcomed who love the Lord Jesus Christ and desire to serve Him in sincerity and in truth. Sunday after Sunday, all thJ:1ough the year, men and women of mature thought, young people who are seek- ing for truth, crowd the doors of the temple. Twenty-one denomina- tions are represented in the membership of the church, of which there are over seven hundred members, besides others who attend its services . and enter into its work.

Dr. Henry S. Kingman came to Claremont in 1900 and continued in the pastorate until recently when he became pastor emeritus. He has had associated with him assistant pastors and a host of lay work- ers, both men and women, who hqve created or fostered parish activi- ties. Dr. Kingman has said many times that "the spiritual approach and the spiritual insistence" is the banner under which Claremont's army of citizens ought to march.

"What does the church do that makes it worthy of notice?" There is but one reply. It does everything-and yet it wants to do more.· It places supreme emphasis on worShip. Both morning and evening services are largely attended by the most cosmopolitan congregations which one could find anywhere. From the very first, the church has taken its educational cue from the college, and the emphasis which those who have been in positions of leadership in the Sunday-school have given to this field of endeavor has been hardly second to that of worship. Classes are held for everybody-children from the age of four to ninety-four attend Sunday-school. Nor has the church failed to catch the social note of the day. I ts missionary zeal is notable. For several years its benevolent budget has nearly, if not quite, ap- proximated that of the home base. It has initiated activities within the community which make for free and healthful social intercourse. In its largE" parish hall there is something going on nearly every da.y. The homes of parishioners are also part of the equipment, so that the hum of its life never relaxes. 'fhe churc:{i seeks to minister to the whole man and the whole woman.

The Claremont Church cares little for petty things. It realizes that the town in which it is, by the grace of God, so conspicuous a fac-

A COMMUNITY CHURCH IN CAUFORNIA

AN OUT-OF-DOOR SERVI CE BEFORE THE CHURCH ON PALM SUNDAY NIGHT tor, needs a great living, breathing, religious center. It knows that one organization, if properly put together, can minister helpfully to every inhabitant of the district. Those who love the church best recognize that there is room for large improvement and those who have worked in its activities see where everything they have done might be .st.rengthened. But they believe that the catholicity of spirit which is the watchword of both college and village has found its fullest ex· pression in the church which has so wondrously bound together the interests of town and gown. The same thing can be duplicated any. where. One does not need a college or an institution to bring about the feeling of community spirit. Where the pulse of life beats hard in a community whose population is not large there is the opportunity for all God's children to worship in one temple, the Lord and Futller of all.

THE GAME WON OR LOST AT THE HOME PLATE The great American national game furnishes many analogies for missionary endeavor. . One of the most striking is the term "home base," as specifying the place of the home church in missions. Players may perform brilliantly in the field, runners may reach first, second and third base; but the game is won or lost at the home plate. Neglect or weakness at this point, in b.aseball or in missions, means inevitable defeat.

MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND

Richmond, Va., Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Boards THE SIXTH SENSE IN MISSIONARY TRAINING.

E VER since writers began to write the making of the great Dr. Peter and lecturers began to lecture on Parker, the famous surgeon who open doors in missionary training they opened China to the Gospel with his have shown us charts with five ave- lancet. nues through which the individual may be reached. We have had the Na part of the training of that missionary possibilitie~ of the fi:ve faithful-unto-death young missionary, senses presented agam and agam. William Whiting Borden, was worth Woefully overlookeu, how~ver, has more than the actual missionary work been the importance of the sixth sense he did, when he put the automobile he in missionary training. might have had during his college days into funds for the 'i ale Hope Mis- What we do is not only a result of sion and knelt there, night after missionary training, but a part of it. night, with his arm around some Unly three-tenths of what we see IS "down-and-out" trying to lead him to so impressed upon us that we do not Christ. forget it, yet we remember nmetenths of what we do. A man may Expression is not only a result of, forget in a few days the most eloquent but is a part of, impression. The old missionary address he ever heard, but story of the boy who cried "Wolf, he remembers for years, as if it we,re Wolf" has been given a new interprea thing of yesterday, the doll~.rs he tation by a modern missionary leader gave to misslOns. Cyrus Hamhn m~y have forgotten many of the best mis- who says: sionary addresses he ever heard, but never did he forget that seven cents "The first day the boy called 'Wolf, he dropped into the missionary contri- Wolf!' the men ran out with their bution box. As a venerable old man arms ready and their purpose unhesiwith a snow-white beard, the famous tating to kill the wolf and to protect founder of Robert College remem- the boy and the sheep. But there was bered to a penny that thing he did as no wolf for them to kiIl and nothing a boy, when he gave up his gingerbread in order that he might put the for them to do, so they went back whole of his lunch money into the home. The second day the boy called contribution box. again "Wolf, Wolf!" A few men an- swered his call with less determination Pete Parker, as a boy, visited the than on the preceding day. There poor and suffering and ministered to was no wolf and they returned home them. As a Yale student heroically having done nothing. The third day he nursed the stricken ones during a a terrified call rang out, but the men cholera epidemic in N ew York and paid no heed, even though there was New Haven, when some other stu- a wolf to be killed. Had they killed dents were so terror-stricken they a wolf the first day they would have scarcely dared to put their heads out returned in full force the second day of the door. The things that Pete ready to slay a dozen wolves. Had Parker, the boy, did entered into they killed another wolf on the sec- ond day they would have been ready to face and extinguish the whole wolf tribe by the third day."

BEST METHODS

The deadening effect of constantly never heard of Jesus. All of you receiving impressions through the five who are going to try, raise your senses without deepening and ex- hands." pressing those impressions through this sixth sense makes our missionary Every little hand was raised. The zeal a matter of sham and veneer. children were sincere about it, but Here lies the explanation of the con- they must have been forced to the tradiction of the people in our conclusion that the whole matter was churches who can listen to the pres- disposed of by a raising of hands, for entation of the dire need of non- that was the last they ever heard of Christian peoples with a casually sym- it, and all they ever did about it. The pathetic murmur of "Poor things. next missionary talk they heard could Isn't it a pity?" Here lie~ also ex- not make as deep an impression on planation of that other group who are them, and by and by the subtle insinmoved to tears by the recounting of cerity, which the Lord recognized in those needs, but whose tears so flood those who protested their love to Him, their eyes that they are completely yet did not the things that He said, blinded and they do not see the con- will cloak· them, unless a wiser teacher tribution plate or any other relief makes use of the sixth sense in their agency which offers opportunity for missionary training. speedy betterment of the conditions which they so much deplore. Truly A Better Way "Impression without expression results in depression." A missionary made a similar talk to another group of children. When One Way of Hearing a Call she finished, the Superintendent looked into the interested faces of her A missionary was invited to ad- boys and girls and said: dress a children's meeting. She told the children about those other chil- "What can we do for these children who had never heard of the dren who never heard of Jesus?" Saviour. They listened eagerly. She showed them some interesting curios. Up went a little hand. They looked at them with keenest in- "What is it, Robert?" terest and touched them with wonder- "Couldn't we pray for them?" ing awe. She burned incense sticks "Yes," said the superintendent. to show how these other children "Let us pray for them." .worshiped their idols. She passed Reverently the little heads were around some cakes she had brought bowed and reverently the children from the mission station. Through followed in the prayer as she led them. each of the five senses she tried to "Is there anything else we can do?" interest the children in the dark- A hand !,riggled violently and, in skinned people of her mission. They answer to the teacher's nod of recog- were interested. Their hearts were nition, the boy to whom the hand was filled with sympathy for these other attached said: "Say, if they had Bibles children who lived always in fear of couldn't they read about Jesus?" evil spirits and they wanted to help The speaker fairly beamed over the them. When the missionary finished, originality of his suggestion. He felt the superintendent said "We have like the owner of the copyright. The been so happy to have our dear Mrs. superintendent beamed too. Blank with us today to tell us these "That would be one of the very interesting stories. I am sure that best things to do-to send them all of us have enjoyed hearing her Bibles," she said. "We can get and that we are going to try to do Bibles in their own language now, so more for the little children who have they can read them for themselves." "How much will one cost?" in- stantly came the inquiry from the originator of the plan. "We can get a good Bible now for

fift)' cents," answered the missionary. great work so dependent upon herself SJuick as a flash a small brown that it crumbled and fell when she hand dived down into a small brown dropped out.

pocket. There was no rattle of coins. Now we recognize that while such Evidently there was nothing left to a woman may be faithful, she is not rattle when the triumphant hand efficient. The really efficient worker came up, firmly grasping a half dollar. is the one who enlists and trains oth- "Get one," said the boy laconically, ers for service, who lives and works as he placed the coin in the mission- above the desire for such praise as ary's hand. "We will never find anyone else who "Wait a minute," said another boy can do the work as you have done it.

as he darted out the door. In a few Things will surely drop to pieces when moments he was back again with fifty you are gone." The really efficient cents. "Father said he'd lend me this woman uses her experience to train fifty cents until I got home to get it her successors to do the work far out of my bank. 1:hat'1l get another better than she has done it. Instead Bible." of placidly contemplating the collapse A little fellow sat looking wistfully she feels must inevitably follow her at the two big, shining coins. removal, she is constantly enlarging "Can you get just part of a Bible?" and training the force of workers.

he asked timidly. . "But," came the protest when the "To be sure you can," answered the rotation of office was proposed in a missionary heartily. "You can get the. certain missionary society, "there is Gospel of John for ten cents." only one woman in our church who The boy's face shone as he put his knows how to preside over a meet- hand in his pocket and drew out his ing."

dime. "That in itself," said the efficiency "Could I send you some money to expert, "is an unanswerable argument buy some Bibles ?" asked another. for the training of some other women The teacher wrote down the mission- to preside."

ary's address on a card and gave it H ow Rotation Succeeded. An offi- to the child. "Now," she said, "is there anything cer of a society in South Carolina writes of what rota-tion of office did else we can do?" There was a moment's pause, as in heT society: those earnest little hearts faced the "We had been meeting year after great need of the world for Christ. year and moving 'that the old offi- Cf'rs be re-elected' until we never Then a hand went up. thought of anything else. Then along came the delegate from the "Maybe," said a serious voice, "I convention proposing- the rotatiol1 could go over there when I am grown plan. We thought it would deal a and tell them about Jesus as she did." death blow to our society. Not- withstanding the fact that our That missionary talk made an impression that will last.

SOME THINGS TO DO church roll records the names of over five hundred members, a ma- Rotate Offices. Our churches are jority of whom are women, we had made up of two classes of folks,- fallen into the habit of depending some who have to do everything and on two or three women in the mis- some who have nothing to do. In these sionary society for· everything.

days our ideas of faithful service are 'Vhen we passed a resolution that being revised a bit. We used to praise no officer could succeed herself. in the woman who held the same office office for more than one term we for half a century, who won her vic- had to begin a hunt for new mate- tories single-handed and built up a rial. We found our church full of

BEST METHODS

capable women who had never been pect the local societies to run out asked to do a thing. We avoided into their own gardens to pluck a the mistake many societies have crisp, fresh sprig of parsley which made of having all new officers go has grown since those programs in at once, by a ruling that only were published, with which to gar- one-half of the officers should be nish them before serving. They ex- changed each year. Now instead d pect the program leaders to some- having only one woman who can times add a few ingredients from preside at a meeting, we have half their own larders and once in a a dozen. Our Society has pulled u[, while to evolve appetizing cro- out of the rut and our work is ad- quettes' f'rom the plain canned sal- vancing splendidly, while each year mon shipped to them.

records the addition of new work- "How can we get our women to ers to our force." take as much interest in the mis- Good officers are made as well as sionary programs as they take in born. the Woman's Club programs?"

cQmes the query.

How to Make Them "By getting them to put as much The Missionary Union of New into the missionary programs as Orleans is one of the city unions they do into the Woman's Club which has successfully tried the programs" is the answer. plan of having a course in parliamentary practises and the training Instead of having programs of officers given by a specialist for which show the wonderful versathe benefit of all the societies of the tility of the pastor's wife or som'e city. Such a course may be pro- other woman who is expected to vided by any city or county union., open the church, distribute the Manv denominational conventions hymn books, play the organ, lead are meeting this need by adding t() the singing, lead the prayers and do their programs a course with spe- most of the talking, make your cific training for officers. In SOme meetings depend on as many peo- ple as possible.

congregations an officers' training How Eighty-three People Helped to class has been found well worth Make a Meeting while, enrolling not only the pres- Two girls, who constituted the publicity committee, gave a notice ent officers but others who should of the meeting to the pastor, to be printed in the parish paper and anbe trained for office. ,..

Program Preparation. The people who get most out of a program are nounced as he had opportunity; those who put most into it. Here gave announcements to the teachindeed is something to do. M05t of our denominations furnish to ers of the Sunday School classes for their societies exceIlent canned pro- girls and women; prepared an atgrams. The writer has conducted a tractive notice for the town paper before the meeting and another one program cannery for years and pre- after; made a poster announcing nounces the same to be a legitimate the meeting. The poster was disand needful business, but this pronouncement is followed by a plea to played as a postscript to the meetthe presidents and program com- ing on the preceding month and mittees that they prove themselves was in evidence all during the something more than mere can month.

10 Circle leaders each called on the openers. Missionary programs have eight women composing her circle to a distinct tin-can flavor if they are talk enthusiastically about the meeting merely run around, poured out and served. The cannery officials ex- and about some advanced plans for the work. Some of these calls were tele- phone calls.

2 hostesses went to the church several discarded geographies make possible hours before the meeting to see that the cutting out of maps of different everything was in readiness and to countries which, pasted on· cardboard, put up some decorations that would furnish attractive backs for note be in keeping with the program.

These two women, assisted by books in which facts about these coun- Z girls in Oriental costume, received tries may be recorded. The splendid and welcomed the members at the map on the cover of the June issue door. of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE woman, who had an automobile, brought to the meeting a visiting WORLD makes a most attractive cover for a note book on Africa. The missionary and two women from an blank pages should be cut out in Old People's Home. S officers took part in the meeting. the shape of the map and fastened organist played and the junior choir, composed of 30 girls, led the singing. together with a cord. I soloist, who was not a member of the society, sang. Let us remember the fascination 3 women, who had made careful prepa- of the gingerbread man and all the ration, each presented one of the wonrlers of the stars, the birds and divisions of the topic for the day. the beasts into which the cookies 3 women led in prayer for the specific of our childhood days were formed, work presented. and put a bit of the same fascina- 6 other women were prepared to add a fact to the discussion which fol- tion into the missionary note books lowed. for our children. One Junior 2 college girls gave an effective read- superintendent had her class paste ing in two parts. pictures of the people of the South- 3 little girls in costume presented a very brief exercise. (This involved em Mountains, together with facts their costuming by about them, in note books, cut ill 3 mothers.) the shape of log cabins, while flag- shaped books were used for some I clever girl displayed a clever chart which spoke its own message.

The offering was gathered by other Home Mission notes.

3 people-a grandmother, a mother and a daughter, all members of the so- Things to Make.* No small part ciety, a special invitation having been given them to be present that three of the interest in Red Cross work generations might unite in this ser- which has grown so amazingly all vice. over our land is due to the fact Secretary of Literature gave to each that, from the greatest cities to the circle leader a leaflet to be taken to loneliest farm house, women have each member of her circle not pres- been working with their hands to ent. She also gave out missionary furnish the supplies called for. A books and magazines from the church woman can not knit for days all a library.

3 members, who constituted the Com- sweater or a pair of socks without mittee on Visiting the Sick, took the becoming interested in the person for whom she is working. There is cut flowers and potted plants to sick also much missionary hand work to folks, leaving a leaflet with each flower messenger.

pastor came in in time for a brief be done. Let us speed the passing message to the society. of the day'when we squander time Total 83 people. on making fancy trifles to be sold at church fairs at exorbitant prices to HOME MADE NOTE BOOKS people who really do not want them at any price, and usher in the day Some of our junior leaders and when our hands shall be bUSIed teachers of girls' classes have pre- pared the most fascinationg note • In her book, "Things to Make," published books in which their classes are to by the Missionary Education Movement 156 record their findings on the topics Fifth Ave.• New York. Miss Gertrude Hl4ttoll gives splendid suggestions for· hand work of studied. A Pennsylvania school kinds. A missio1tary message in. j'Jh.",- teacher has discovered that stacks of i1arious an itlteresling leaflet may otten be form of cluded in the plans suggested.

BEST METHODS

clothing the needy, the sick and the week. Every worker called at my suffering. study for an outline of work to be Many of our societies could send done. In my search for things to each year a box of clothing to the keep them busy I found some great suffering lepers of the world. Now new opportunities. There were that we have learned to knit, let us women who pledged hours each keep in practise until in addition to day for 'visiting and for minister- our own boys, every shivering leper ing to the sick and needy. That has a sweater. A letter addressed led to a systematizing of visitation to Mr. W. M. Danner, 105 Ray- and relief work. The cards of mond Street, Cambridge, Mass., strangers who were at the services will bring information about cloth- on Sunday went right into Moning needed for lepers. day's budget of work. Here were girls ready to read to "shut ins."

A Composite Deaconess We had to hunt up sick folks to be visited and read to, and we found An Atlanta, Georgia, pastor has some who had been woefully negfurnished us the following unusual lected. We began to work in varistory of his composite deaconess: ous city institutions we had never "To state our case in brief-w(' considered a part of our parish. Ve needed a parish deaconess and we found institutions entirely without had no money with which to em- any religious services. Here came ploy one. I began to study the sit- messenger boys ready to carry mesuation. There came to me a reali- sages. Here were business men zation of the fact that right in our who pledged time more valuable congregation were people who than money. When certain influencould do much of the work of a tial met?- began to take time to go deaconess: Taking my text from out to talk with other men about the Bible and my illustration from attendance at church· services and the Korean church members, who their relation to the Kingdom of gave not only of their money but God, we soon reached the point at of their time also, I preached a ser- which we no longer looked cautimon on service and asked for ously around to see whether there pledges of time to do the Lord's were enough men present at the work under the pastor's leadership. evening service to take up the col- The result was a revelation. Dif- lection. A young man who was ferent members volunteered so cooped up in an office all day volmany hours a day or so many hours unteered service there with his a week that we soon had a full typewriter. One by one the pledges time composite parish deaconess continued to come in until we had promised. Then I found myself up a deaconess of gifts so diversified against the hardest work and the that every department of the biggest opportunity I have ever church work waked to a new and had. My hands were fulI keeping fuller life as our congregation my workers busy. I found a vast became a congregation not only of difference between trying to do all hearers of the word but of doers the work myself and in directing also."

other people in doing it. Blue SOUL WINNING Monday vanished f'fOm the face of my calendar. I had no time for it. The real objective of all mission- Here were dozens of people ready ary endeavor is the winning of to work. Early Monday morning souls, yet personal work for souls I had to get down to going over around us never enters into the the reports of the preceding week pla~s . of many of our missionary and outlining the work for the new soclettes. We fancy that if we

could stand by "Africa's sunny neighborhood,-some time, but I fountains" or on "India's coral had my hands so full of my mis- strand," we would proclaim the love sionary work the calls had never of Jesus to every passerby, yet our been made, but, as they met on the lips are dumb before those who are street my father talked with my out of Christ all around us. neighbor of the only Saviour of the A missionary secretary makes world.

this confession: "A friend took us out to ride. 1 "I was helping to set up a big waited for my father to get into the convention, and was full of enthusi- car but in a moment he was up asm over making every session a beside the chauffeur and in a few success. On the opening day my minutes I heard him talking earnaged father, who came as a dele- estly with the man about the way gate to the convention, sat with me of salvation. When we reached at luncheon in the hotel. He list- home he said: 'You know I was ened sympathetically to my glow- afraid I might never have another ing accounts of the great features chance to speak to that man.' that were to be. When I paused "The wife of a prominent railroad for breath he leaned towards me official took him out to ride in her and said, while his eye followed the elegant limousine. '1 am glad she stately movements of the head- asked me to go,' he said, 'for it gave waiter, 'Daughter, I think that big me an opportunity of talking with head-waiter over there is going to her about her salvation. I think no accept Jesus Christ. I've been talk- one had ever talked with her about ing to him about his souL' I al- it before.' most gasped. I had been so busy planning for a great missionary "Yet these opportunities had come convention, I had had no time to to me also and had passed by as think of the soul of the head-waiter. ships that pass in the night while I strained my eyes to catch sight "When we went out to my apart- of a larger sail on a more distant ment a negro man was washing the horizon. I could but question my windows. Jim was honest and own heart whether my passion was trustworthy and had been a most souls, or success in setting up consatisfactory helper in my home. ventiQns."

Only a few moments passed before *** I heard my father talking earnestly with Jim about his personal salva- The children of America should tion. and a swift accusation went be taught, as are the children of to my heart as I realized that I had Korea, to work for souls. Every known Jim for years and had nevei Sunday-school scholar should be a said a word to him of salvation. missionary to bring in other "A carpenter came in to repair a scholars. Every catechetical class door. I awaited his going with im- should have, as one feature of its patience to sign his work ticket, for work, the gathering in and teach- my ardent soul longed to be back ing in the way of salvation those at my missionary task. Even as I who are outside the fold. A part waited I heard my father talking of the missionary work of every with the man about the door he had man of the church should be the just fixed, and then simply and nat- winning of other men. Our pas- .urally leading the conversation to tors should find their women's mis- the only door into the Kingdom of sionary societies dependable agen- God. cies in filling the pews of the church "A Jew lived across the street. 1 and in bringing under the preaching had thought that possibly I would of the word souls that may be call Qll th~ f9~kl> who livyq in th~ savyq,

Woman'5 Home Mission

EDITED BY MRS. O. R. JUDD, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

OFFICERS OF COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS.

President-Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, 149 Dwight Pl., Englewood, N. J. ( Presbyterian) .

Vice-President-at-Darge~Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, Allendale, N. J. (Methodist) .

Recording Secretary-Mrs. Philip M. Rossman, New York (Lutheran). Corresponding Secretary-Mrs. F. W. Wilcox, 287 Fourth Ave., New York (Congregational) . Treasurer-Mrs. P. F. Jerome, 124 East 28th St., New York (Christian). Vice-Presidents-Mrs. Smith Thomas Ford (Baptist), Mrs. Chas. S. Fry (Lutheran), Mrs. R. W. MacDonell (Methodist South), Mrs. W. C. Wins- borough (Presbyterian South), Miss E. B. Vermilye (Reformed), Mrs. Wm. S. Cook (United Presbyterian).

CHAIRMEN OF STANDING COMMITTEES.

Horne Mission Study Courses and Literature-Mrs. John S. Allen, 25 East 22d St., New York (Reformed).

Horne Mission Summer Schools-Mrs. Mary Fisk Park, 450 Riverside Drive, New York (Methodist).

Horne Mission Interests in Schools, Colleges and Young People's Conferences -Mrs. C. P. Wiles, 259 Harvey St., Germantown, Pa. (Luthem General Synod).

Horne Mission Interests Among Children-Miss Edith Scamman, 289 Fourth Ave., New York (Congregational).

Horne Missions Comity and Co-operation-Mrs. George W. Coleman, 177 West Brookline St., Boston, .Mass. (Baptist).

Home Mission Interests Among Immigrants-Mrs. D. E. Waid, 1 Lexington Ave., New York (Presbyterian).

Horne Mission Day of Prayer-Mrs. Luke G. Johnson, 31 Wesley St., Newman, Ga. (Methodist, South).

A NEW DEFINITION OF AN OLD the Top," "Called to the Colors," and "Keep the Horne Fires Burn- TASK ing" have done valiant service in the literary lines of Home Defense. Eva Clark Waid But in the year since America went T HE American seems to respond to war in behalf of the world's lib- most readily to syllables or erties, two words have corne to symbols which embody the thought stand out with peculiar challenge of the hour. Is it the "Age of and appeal to all who love the flag Steel" or "The Century of Inven- 'neath which our nation marshalls tion" or "The City of the Sky- its hosts. These two words are saraper"-the phrast':/ commands Democracy and AmericanizatiOllhis i!ttention. Js it "enthusiasm," separate words and yet closely al- "efficiency," "service"-ill becomes lied. National in their defi'nitipn the catch word of every advertis- and yet international in their iming page and the heading of every port, political in their expression editorial. War times have brought and yet religious in their results. a multiplication of these appeals to Neither of these words hal> qn unthe popular imagination and "Over

familiar sound to the great mission- On the basis of some such den- ary leaders and statesmen who for mtlOll of Americanization, what long years have builded for true definite practical tasks can be sug- democracy and pleaded for true gested for the great body of earn- Americanization. But new allies est women bound together in our for our cause and a new definition fine missionary organization? Briefly of our aims may well hearten us for stated here are a few: new conflicts. Therefore mission- Know the foreign woman who ary organizations will take keen in- touches your life, be she servant, terest in the following' definition of trades woman, clerk, seamstress, Americanization recently adopted fellow teacher, or mother of your as a basis for the Americanization work in New York City now going children's playmates. on under many different agencies, educational, philanthropic and re- If possible know her as a friend, ligious. and while you help her, she in turn will provide you with the finest kind of a course in immigrant back- The interpretation of American ideals, grounds and racial inheritance. traditions and standards and institutions to the foreign born. Know the homes your community supplies for its foreign-born. Is The acquirement of a common language there "discrimination in housing?" for the entire nation. The promotion of a universal desire Are there evasions of fire and build- among all peoples in America to become ing laws?" Are there "Immigrant citizens under the American flag. The combating of anti-American propa- Colonies?" How could those home makers be helped? ganda activities and schemes and the ~tamping out of sedition wherever found. If Mr. Hoover is interested in The elimination of industrial conditions everyone of those homes through which make fruitful soil for un-American the visits of the Food Administrapropagandists and .disloyal agitators. tion Committees, ought not a few Christian women to have an equal The abolition of racial prejudices, bar- riers and discriminations, the discouragement of colonies and immigrant sections, desire to help these handicapped which keep people in America apart. housewives and so establish a "nor- The creation of a normal, wholesome mal, wholesome and rational stand- ard of living" and "foster the immiand rational standard of living for alI peoples in America.

The discontinuance of discriminations in grant's desire to have a home in America?" housing, care, protection and treatment of It may well happen that some of aliens. The creation of an understanding of, duty toward, as well as love for, America, and your own "racial prejudices and fostering of the desire of immigrants to barriers" will be removed by such a remain in America, have a home here, and sympathetic insight, for sometimes support American institutions and laws. we sorely need the Americanization of our own native born citizens in The telling of the story of "Why America Is at War" to foreign-born people and why we must all stand together to win it. these particulars, nay even of our On first reading, many para- Christian citizens.

graphs of this definition will seem Know the industries in your to have little connection with the town or community that employ the distinctive missionary program for foreign-born and know the circum- the aliens in our land. But a sec- stances under which they work ond reading will open up not ollly How do those Mexicans fare at the new meanings of the old program, hands of the railroad and how do but splendid new fields of effort ior their families live? How does that every home missionary organiza- button factory treat those young tion whose purpose, larger than any foreign girls? Do those Polish program, is to make our country, women work overtime in that laun- God's Country. dry only a few blocks away? "There

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

do those girls in the garment fac- Better Babies Week at the Church tory eat their lunch? • How does House, the Church Orchestra of five that summer cannery care for the nationalities, the country picnic for women and girls? all the Tonys and Marias and their mothers-all of these will be wom- Just a few random suggestions– an's way of doing her share in one to be amplified and changed to suit form of patriotic service for Ameryour local need-that you women ica. may do your share toward the "elimination of industrial condi- This is patriotic service due your land from the women this land has tions which prove fruitful soil for blessed. un-American propagandists and disloyal agitators." This is a patriotic Christian serv- ice due your Christ from the women -Know the children of the for- He has set in this land to be a blesseign-born, the "children of the cru- ing to all other lands.

cible", who throng the schools and For this is not a mission study fill the streets and crowd the li- class, not the reading of books braries and moving-picture thea- about the immigrant, but the pertres. Through them will come sonal reading of that most precious those high ideals of duty toward document "a human life," the life this, our land and gratitude for its of your foreign-born brother or sisfavors. Lend a hand to Campfire ter. And this is an appeal for your Girls and Boy Scouts, Patriotic personal service, not only in the teaching of a common language and Clubs and! special celebrations, and the promotion of a common citizenstrengthen the hands of every pub- ship but also an appeal for teachlic school teacher who has these po- ing that greater common language tential Americans in her charge. of the spirit and promoting that greater common citizenship which Know the newspapers of the for- is heaven.

eign-born and what they teach them MISSION STUDY TEACHERS about America today. An Announcement from the Execu- Know every agency in your com– tive Committee of the Council of munity working with the alien and Women. what is being taught as to our ideals and .aims in war or in peace. Because of the rapid increase in the number of Local Interdenominational Above all, know every Christian Commi!tees all over the country, the and missionary effort being put ExecutIve Committee voted "that an forth for the foreign-born in your announcement be made in 'The Bulcity or town. Do not just know letin' to the effect that names of Misabout them, know them, if possible. sion Study Teachers will be submitted If your church has an Italian mis- to leaders of Interdenominational sion, visit the Sunday-school, go Study. Classes upon appli{;ation to to some of the clubs. If there is a Council Headquarters, and that Mis- Hungarian kindergarten, attend a sion Study Teachers are asked to apply session. If the Bohemians have to the Council of Women for Home singing societies, attend a concert. Missions for endorsement as teachers of the Mission Study Books." And when you know-as you can know with only a little effort– It further requests the names of then, need your hand be urged to do existing Federations to complete the what your head and heart have list numbering about 100 of those found to do? already reported and desires to pro- The Mothers' Club, the home cl~sses, the visiting teacher, the neIghborhood party, the new lunch room for the factory girls, the little model apartment to show the little foreign bride American ways, the

mote the organization of new Federa- est, Children will love it and Leaders find tions. it a fascinating study to present.

:Mode1 constitutions for any group THE WORLD's WORKSHOP of women contemplating the formation of a LQCal Federation may be secured Furnishes occupational material for the six on application to the office, 600 Lex- chapters of the book, which Juniors will ington Avenue, New York City. find interesting and Teachers worth while.

THE NEW STUDY-BOOKS A group of children to whom part of the manuscript was read one I N "The Path of Labor," the evening exclaimed, "Oh I wish we senior text-book for the current could stay up all night to hear the rest," and later asked again and year of the Council of Women for again, "When will Miss Apple- garth's book be ready?" Home Missions, the Publication The sincerity and sympathy of the Committee states the aim and pur- writer is felt in every line.

pose for which it has been prepal cd THE COMING OF SUMMER and the reason for the selection of SCHOOLS the theme in the "Foreword." Mrs. Mary Fisk Park, the Chair- man of the Committee of the Coun- The chapter headings are as fol- cil of Women on Home Mission Summer Schools contributed the follows: – lowing list of dates, with names and addresses of chairmen: 1. The CaIl to Service M. Katharine Bennett Boulder, Colo., June 13-ZO.-Mrs. D. B. Wilson, 1400 Detroit St., Denver. II. In City Industries Grace Scribner DeLand, Fla., Winter SchooL-Mrs. Wm.

III. In Mountains and Mines J. Harkness, DeLand, Fla. John Edwards Calfee Dallas. Tex.. June 17.–Mrs. L P. Smith, Alexander Jeffrey McKelway IV. Among Negro Laborers Dallas, Tex.

L. H. Hammond East Northfield, Mass, July 17-24.-Mrs. V. In Lumber Camps and Mines M. J. Gildersleeve, 156 Fifth Ave., New York. Miriam Woodbury IV. Justice and Brotherhood Los Angeles, Cal., June 3.-Mrs. E. Y. Van Meter, 4972 Pasadena Ave., Los An- Walter Rauschenbusch geles, Cal. Teachers Supplement with helps for pro- Minnesota, June 3-10.-Miss Alice B. grams. class work and supplementary read- Webb, 2214 Pleasant Ave., Minneapolis, ing. Minn.

"Together" Mt. Hermon, Cal., July 6-13.-Mrs. O. W. Lucas, 1032 Spruce St., Berkeley, Cal. By ALICE M. GUERNSEY. Mt. Lake Park, Md., August 13-ZO.-Miss UNDER the above title Miss Susan C. Lodge, 1720 Arch St., Philadel- Alice M. Guernsey has prepared phia, Pa.

a unique and altogether charming Oklahoma City, Okla., June 3-6.-Mrs. H. Devotional Exercise, which no mis- S. Gilliam, 2244 West 13th St., Oklahoma sion study class will want to be City. Okla. without. The two little poems in it speak to the heart. The exer- Wilson College, Chambersburg, Pa., July cise is especially adapted for use 2-7. with "The Path of Labor," but is equally suitable and helpful for gen- Chautauqua, N. Y., August 17-23.-Mrs. eral Bible Study. (':reo. W. Coleman, 177 West Brookline St., Boston, Mass. Jack of All Trades Winona Lake, Ind., June 20-27.-Mrs. C. By MARGARET APPLEGARTH E. Vickers, 312 N. Elmwoocl Aye., Oak Park, III. A true story for Juniors of the Little Unseen People who help to feed and to The plans of most of the conferclothe us and to make the world a com- ences were incomplete at the time fortable place for other people to .live in. when this announcement went to Unique, Unusual and of Absorbing' Inter- press, but glimpses of a few of the

programs will serve as "samples." School will last ten days, the first commending to each section the part of the time being given over nearest school as interesting, instructive and inspiring. to Foreign Missions and the last part to Home. The "Methods" for The Texas Interdenominational the course will be equally helpful School of Missions has moved from to both, and will be presented by Denton to Dallas in order to reach Mrs. C. P. Wiles, Mrs. E. C. Cronk a larger number of women. The and others. It is hoped that Mrs. meetings are to be held in a large D. E. Waid will be secured to teach downtown church called the City a Normal Class on "The Path of Temple. Already an attendance of Labor." Dr. Floyd Tompkins will more than 250 is assured. There conduct the Bible Hour, and Mrs. are to be classes for colored women H. B. Montgomery will be a platalso. Mission Study, Bible and So- form speaker for·the entire term of cial Service classes will be led by Mrs. Lindsay of the Presbyterian both conferences. During the Winona Lake Summer Church, Miss B. L. Gay of the Con- School of Missions, the mornings gregational Church and Miss Mahel will be devoted to study hours, Howell of the Methodist Church. while in the afternoons there will At Northfield Miss Anna C. Nel- be time for physical recreation and lich, a gifted Christian teacher from denominational conferences. The New York City, will teach the mis- evenings will hold inspirational adsion text-book, and Miss AnoIa F. dresses, talks with missionaries and Wright, of Montclair, N. J., who en- prayer groups.

deared herself to the school last "Christianity and the W orId's year, has again consented to take Workers" will be the theme for charge of the music. Miss Helen study. The foreign mission text- ]. Carleton is announced as the spe- book used will be "Working Women cial leader for young women. Plans of the Orient," by Margaret Burton; are being made to make the camp while that for home missions will be for girls better than ever and the "Paths of Labor," a symposium. outlook already promises a larger attendance than last year. Denomi- Mrs. H. L. Hill will be the study book national days, and speakers on lecturer. Mountaineers, Negroes and Mormons ,are included in the program. Mrs. Albert· L. Berry, the Bible teacher. Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, the Normal Class It is expected that the Chautau- teacher. qua Home Mission Institute will be Miss Carrie Barge will have Methods held this year as usual. The study- hour for leaders of young women. course will be led by Mrs. D. E. Waid, whose nation-wide reputation Mrs. Carrie T. Burrit, Methods for as <J. teacher and lecturer insures Women's Societies. everywhere an enthusiastic reception, and the junior text-hook will Miss Ruth Shipley, Children's work and be given to the children, as in re- Junior study book.

cent years, by Mrs. J. H. String, of Mrs. Marion Humphreys will be the leader of the study class. Cleveland. The denominational conferences, which met with so much A Girls' Department of this sumacceptance last year, will he held daily. There will also be special mer school will emphasize three meetings for young women and daily missionary rallies. aims: The Wilson College Summer 1. Information – Study of new methods of efficiency for Girls' Societies.

2. Recreation-Tennis, swimming, hikes, etc.

3. Inspiration–Contact with mis- sionaries and leaders of religious thought.

, Write for information on Winona to Miss Josephine Wade, 705 N. College Avenue Green· castle, Ind. '

News On War

NO STRONG DRINK FOR youths dictates. The War Department SOLDIERS IN FRANCE originally provided that all saloons must likewise close within five miles A SSOCIATED PRESS despatches from all the army's training camps. from the American expeditionary But when it appeared that the drink force in France state that General Per- business by a universal rule of such shing has issued a general order covering scope would be wiped out in almost all the liquor problem among our soldiers the big city of Louisville as well as in abroad. In this order General Pershing a number of lesser towns, the Adminannounced: "Soldiers are forbidden istration reduced the protective zone either to buy or accept as gifts whisky, to a width of half a mile only-except brandy, champagne, liqueurs, or other in country places, where there are few alcoholic beverages other than light saloons." wines or beers."

S General Pershing's order contains "INCURABLY RELIGIOUS" EVEN months of army Y. M. C. A. drastic provision for the punishment of men who drink to excess and also for work have brought to Professor holding responsible the commanding officer of units in which drunkenness occurs. Henry B. Wright of Yale a settled The order also wisely links control of the conviction, namely, that "the vast maliquor traffic with the control of immor- jority of the young men of America ality surrounding our army camps. All enlisted in the crusade for democracy sections of towns frequented by immoral are incurably, persistently religious. women are declared to be "off limits" Wherever they go most of them look for American soldiers, and soldiers fre- first of all for a chance to be decent. quenting them are to be disciplined. If it is at hand, and adequate, and The dispatch that brings this informa- sincere, and unobtrusive, without the tion says ranking American officers de- slightest hesitation they take it, and clare the sobriety and high moral stand- remain loyal to it to the end. But ards of the American forces as a whole youth is merciless toward unfulfilled have deeply impressed the French promise, and pretense, and service used as a vehicle for propaganda." Is 110t authorities. It is interestinJ! to record in this con- this an indisputable evidence that man nection that Mr. Roosevelt states that is a spiritual being, made in the image his sons have come to believe in absolute of God?

prohibition for the army in war time. THE STUDENTS' WAR FUND One of them has written that his experience ahroad has made a permanent pro- T HE fund of over $1,000,000 raised by American students has now been hibitionist of him.

divided as follows: Prisoner-of-War NAVY STRICTNESS APPROVED Work, fifty per cent; Y. M. C. A.

COMMENTING on the order of War Work Council, twenty per cent; Secretary Daniels, creating a five- Y. W. C. A. War Work Council, mile dry zone around all training twenty per cent ; World's Student camps for naval recruits, The Con- Christian Federation, ten per cent. The tinent says: ten per cent which goes to the World's "It shows once more both the right Student Christian Federation has en- kind of concern for the boys on whose abled some of the movements in that manly valor the nation is to-day de- Federation to carryon their important pending and the right kind of courage mission under conditions that would in doing what the well-being of these otherwise have very nearly stopped all progress. Hostels have been main- choice – Episcopal, Lutheran and tained for students in lands foreign to Methodist. Yet the chaplain who had them and workers are now serving in led them to Christ and the Church be- centers of far-reaching influence be- longed to none of these denominations, cause of the assistance given by the but was a Presbyterian. Surely these fund. things are signs not of a divisive ec- clesiasticism, but of Christian unity. ARMY CHURCH HEADQUARTERS This chaplain was one of thirty-nine THE great value and effectiveness men who are serving under the direc- of .the "Church Headquarters" tion of the National Service Commis- building at Camp Upton is seen in the sion of the Presbyterian Church, U. S.

. good uses to which it has immediately A., in the camps, holding evangelistic been put. On every Sunday morning services and doing personal work at seven-thirty is held an Episcopal among the soldiers.

Communion service; on the first Sun- In nearly every case, ministers serv- day of the month a Lutheran Com- ing the Commission have been released munion service. The Vesper services by their congregations with salaries are held each Sunday afternoon at continued and pulpit supplied during three-thirty, conducted by a different their absence.

chaplain each Sunday. The Christian Science Church holds services in the SOLDIERS STUDY BIBLE BY ,,I social rooms on Wednesday evening MAIL HAVE in my possession several and in the chapel on Sunday evening. The Jewish services are held in "the copies of lesson sheets which chapel on Friday evenings and Satur- have come to me direct from the day mornings. The Roman Catholic trenches of France, where some of my Church is using the small rooms for students were studying the lessons un- confessions on Saturday afternoons der all the disadvantages of trench life.

and evenings. The Y. M. C. A. uses These lesson sheets bear the marks of the library for a secretaries' confer- the muddy trenches, and were sent to ence on Monday morning and Friday me by a brother who is now a major morning of each week. The chaplains' in the British army."

conference is held in the library on This striking testimony comes from Wednesday morning of each week. the pastor of a metropolitan church, The Inner Circle of the 308th Infantry who conducts a Bible correspondence Regiment is held in the library on school.

Wednesday afternoon of each week Another man, the director of one of and arrangements are being made for the largest Bible correspondence similar meetings of Inner Circles of courses in the country, writes: other regiments. One of the chap- "In looking up the records I am sur- lains is always in Church Headquar- prised at how practical this corre-'

ters when the troops are off duty. spondence work is in connection with SUCCESSFUL CHAPLAINS military service. While in the training camps, or even at the front, the solpEOPLE who do not know the diers have time for correspondence facts comment unfavorably upon study. They not only fill up their spare what tRey suppose is the denomina- time, but store their minds with knowltional rivalry of the agencies at work. edge that will be valuable to them The reverse is true. A chaplain says while in service, or when they return that his fellow chaplains do not ask to their homes after the war. Many whether a man is a Baptist or a of these Bible studies are furnished in Lutheran, or a Congregationalist, but pamphlets which the soldiers can slip "is he a Christian?" The other day into their packets, or even into their seven men surrendered themselves to pocket, and take them along."-Sun- Christ and joined the churches of their day School Times.

fROM

AFRICA enable some one to go and bring in AThe Future of Morocco the Master's sheep who have wan- SCOTCH military officer, in ad- dered away. dressing the Royal Geographical Society on his travels in Morocco, There are only forty-six boys and said: three teachers in our school. Among these, thirty-two made up their minds "The climate of the Morocco coast to serve the Lord in this way of deny- is ideal, with the temperature seldom ing themselves something. Our school over seventy degrees in the summer or is a Christian school. Almost every- under sixty degrees in the winter. body professes to love Jesus Christ. There .is a sufficient rainfall; and the . . . Our self-denial week has been crops even under native methods are one of our good ones. Everybody surprisingly rich. Under proper cul- felt that he was doing something for tivation the wilderness will blossom his Savior. God has been very close . like a rose and this country may well to us. Our school work did not seem become one of the granaries of the to press us very much during the week world. The system of native govern- and the marks were not very many. It is hard to express the mood in which ment has always retarded, and in fact the boys have been. During their almost prevented, any development. If fasting they were happier than they a native became too rich and prosper- ever had been." ous he was promptly robbed by the neighboring Kaids, who in their turn T were robbed by the Sultan, and there Who Are The Nupes? was therefore no incentive to progress. HE announcement that a Nupe Under French protection, all this will grammar had recently been pub- be changed. There are also undoubt- lished in England would lead most edly large deposits of copper and other readers simply to ask, "Who are the minerals in the mountains as yet un- Nupes?"

worked." They constitute one of the oldest One of the principal means of de- and last of the tribes to be subdued veloping the country will, of course, in Northwest Africa. The Nupes were be railways, and there already exist finally conquered by the British. Their 773 kilometres of railway in Morocco, country became part of Nigeria, whose exclusive of railways under construc- territory it increased by something like tion. sixty-four square miles and added to TAfrican Self-Denial its population about 150,000 persons. HE following letter was written For many years it was believed the to the Treasurer of the Foreign Nupes had no literature of their own, but lately there have been discovered Christian Missionary Society by a boy songs and religious poems written in in a mission school in West Africa, as a corruption of Arabic characters, the spokesman for his fellows: Aljemi. These productions date back more than a hundred years, and it is "To the Honorable Treasurer : We, believed were inspired by Mohammethe Edwaleni boys,.beg to lay in your hands this little amount of money dan priests, for they contain distorted, which we coIlected by denying some although unmistakable Moslem docof our meat and sugar, and some of trines. us paitrsome few copper coins to raise T it to $5.50, so that the Gospel might The Test of War in Camerun be disseminated until it reaches those HE development of the American who are stilI in the shadow of dark- Presbyterian Mission in Kamerun ness. We are longing so much to is one of the most inspiring stories in

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

modern mIssIonary annals. No bet- anyone coveting his neighbor's prop- ter proof of the vitality of the self- erty. God, Who to a heathen is a supporting, self-governing native reality but of unknown character, re- church which has been established mains the same to a Moslem, unless there could be found than the way in His character suffers by His being which it has met the test of war. At matle the author of unreasonable com- the beginning of the war the mission mands. The life and doings of Mu- stations were seized by the German hammad himself are unknown. The government and their funds confi~­ old character, fears and motives re- cated. The mission report says: "Ex- main the same. Seriousness, holiness. cept for the presence of the warring the gravity of big issues, none of these armies the country was depopulated. suggests itself in the common attitude For over a year it was so. What a of a Moslem. The people who become time it was! Families separated never Moslems for the most part merely add to be united, sickness, hunger, starYa- on new and interesting customs to their old ways without receiving any tion and death." inner cleansing or learning to know For eighteen months this continued. God personally.

then the tide of war passed on and The Kru's Thirst for Knowledge Kamerun had a chance to take stock of the damage done. I N Africa, when it rains, it rains. The sky just opens itself and emp- It is estimated that not more than ties itself in one operation. But rain six per cent fell away from the church cannot keep Kru boys and girls away during those frightful months, while from school. Slates carried on top of more than 3,000 new members were their heads make excellent umbrellas received. The contributions of the na- for the mission girls. Banana leaves tive church more than doubled those serve the same purpose for the town children. One ambitious boy was in of any previous year, so that evangel- the habit of swimming a deep river ( ization could be continued though no with his books in a toy canoe by his side. When it rained, the canoe was financial help was possible from ont- held over the books ~o shield them, the side. The first request which got boy didn't care about keeping himself through from Kamerun after the dry. Allied armies entered was not for money, it was to "Hurry up order for From a town four miles distant, a the Bulu gospels !" young man walked in to school every morning, rain or shine. His lunch- WWhy Africans Become Moslems often his only meal until night time- HAT is involved for the African consisted of half a cocoanut, some- in becoming a Moslem? This is times one green banana. Yet never how one missionary answers the ques- have we heard a complaint from his lips. Now we have found room for tion: him at the Mission and he is making Islam presents itself here as :l series progress in his studies.

of practices that appeal to the African To further a working use of the new because they make no moral demand. langliage, English, all our Kru boys The hardest custom is that of fasting and girls are required to write a brief from food and drink during daylight letter every day to their teachers. One hours in the month of Ramazan. A of the subjects assigned was "The Mis- Moslem teacher admitted that Islam sion." One bright Kru boy began was powerless to change a bad man his letter with the statement-"The into a good one, and did not try. It Mission forces you to do everything was equally powerless, he confessed, you don't want to do." Isn't that de- to improve character by means of food liciously human? laws and other external .rites, fo1." a man who lied and cheated before Ramazan did the same afterwards, and to stop eating field-mice never stopped

A ~ary Slessor Memorial cause last Wednesday a big lion met them with the incoming mail and there A KPAP is the principal town of the was a wild scramble for right-of-way. . up-river people who first heard The men are rough government solthe Gospel from Miss Mary Slessor. diers with not a taint of piety, but Although the district is one of pagan when they got out of this trouble withpeople and wild bush, two women live out even a scratch, the decent fellows there. in honor and safety, and evangel- all ~ec!ared that. it was the presence ize the district around them. There is of m1SSlOn letters In the mail that saved no man missionary, but one of the th~m from. the. lions for, said they, women acts as pastor, preaching in qUtte sanct1momously, (Mission letters Efik: The people are greatly interested in the Slessor Memorial Home and are prayed-for letters," and the prayers have' sent nearly $100 towards' that followed th.em all the way. Better still, they all saId when they got their disfund.. charge they would come and live with African Tests for. Church Membership us to get the Gospel.

T HE requirements for church mem- The death of a king has called me bership which are enforced by the to. do some:: v:~y opportune preaching. LIke all pnm1tIve people, the Africans Presbyterian missionaries on the Con- concentrate on such a primitive thing gq are suffidentlysevere to make the as death: they call a tribal halt and for relation with the church indicate an days. and days !hey magnify death, intellectual as well as a moral achieve- makIng I?u~h of 1ts sting and strength. ment. . B~t a kIng s death caps the climax: . Before applicants for admission into trIbesmen with spears glistening in the the church can be admitted to com- sun stream in from far and near and mu?ion, they must commit to memory, now it is, with the air so full of' fatthe~ the missionary should seize on bes1des the Shorter Catechism the fol- lowing Psalms: 1, 23, 32, 37'and 51; great opportunity to get them all by the entire Sermon on 7t;hteheMthoiurndt~nads the open grave and preach Christ as given'in Matthew 5 to King of the keys of death. fourteenth chapters of John; the There is preaching going on all over t~elfth chapter of Romans; and the th1~teenth chapter of I Corinthians, the town and each new detachment of Af~er all of thi~ has been creditably official m?urners as it arrives gets its rec1t~d! the apphca!1ts are still kept on owl?- speCIal message. The most im- probatIOn for a penod of three months, posmg of these arrivals is from Mpweto, on the north shore of Mweru to· show by their consistent life that Lake, where one of our evangelists they understand what they have has been doing valiant service and learned, ~nd the seriousness of the these enemies of the Gospel repo;t ruesteps they are about t6 take. Naturally fully that 124 souls have deserted the devil and are following Christ." those of old age cannot commit the above ~o memory as easily as can the young, and their examination is not so rigid; but recently seven old men were Troubles of Zulu Women adtl1!tted to full membership, who had pers1stently and continuously studied THE heathen Zul!1s h~v.e legal rights these .requirements for five weary of sale and d1spos1tIon of their years In order to become communicants, w~men folk. This custom of lob ala e~ables a man to sell his own mother At the Funeral of.a King (1f she be a widow), his sisters, nieces, 'THIS "." daughters. There are lashes, which , ,~~~te.r, wntes Dan Craw- are specially used for thrashing girls . ford, WIll go sC!uth, guarded by and women when they refuse to marr SIX men who carry S1X long spears be- the men picked out for them. Chrii-

NEWS FROM MANY

tian girls are the victims of these Abyssinia and Christianity heathen customs. Here a Christian girl of eighteen is carried away bodily, INASMUCH as few States of the struggling hard, and forced to marry world have so old a Christian record a man she does not want and who treats her cruelly. Another fine girl of as the Kingdom of Abyssinia; there was the same age, a Christian worker, well much consternation when the young trained and a pupil teacher, is afraid Emperor, Lij Yasu, became a Moslem.. to go near her home, as she is hunted According to a writer in Life and by her two brothers who are trying to WorR, this apostasy is believed to have force her to marry some one. "I be- eeen the result of German influence. long to Jesus," she says. "He has Notwithstanding the discontent aroused bought me with His blood and set me by the act, and by his libertinism of life, free. Why then are they selling my the Emperor managed to maintain him-· flesh and blood?" Some women have self in power by the aid of Mohameven committed suicide, hanging them- medan tribes on the Eastern border. selves to escape the meshes oflabala. Opposition grew; and on September 27th last, during the celebration of the na- MOSLEM LANDS tional feast-day, the head of the national church, the Abuna Matheos; solemnly Islam After the War released· the Abyssinian nation from its . oath of allegiance, and declared Lij CANON W. H. T. GAIRDNER of Yasu to be deposed from the throne. Cairo in a message to missionaries Thereafter, amid scenes of popular enin India puts the issue clearly between Island and Christianity in their mu- thusiasm, the Abuna proclaimed Zaou-· tual relations and shows that this will ditou, younger daughter of .the late not be changed after the war. Emperor Menelik II., as Empress, and installed Ras Rafari as Regent and heir "The universal breaking up caused to the throne.-The Christian. by this war will assuredly bring new opportunities and many increased fa- Sermons in Arabie Papers cilities. Yet, the difficulties of the task of bringing Islam into the obedience DR. NIMIR, the editor of the of God's Christ will be as great as ever M okaham, the leading Arabic they were. The new opportunities will daily paper in Moslem lands, recently not lessen the spiritual and intrinsic attended a church service in Cairo and. difficulties: they will simply make pos- listened to a sermon by Dr. Samuel sible ~ew approaches. To the great M. Zwemer. The next day the whole AssertIOn the great Denial will still sermon appeared in the paper-thebring the great Refusal; for here we first time such a thing has occurred in are dealing with spiritual, not political Egypt. This paper has a circulation facts. among over 18,000 readers, most of whom are Moslems. Probably not "Nothing is to be hoped from in- less than 25,000 Moslems saw the ser- . ternal reform-the spread of a sort of Reformation-in Islam; for it is by man and read more or less of its these educated persons and reformers message. that anti-Christian religious move-· me~ts are fostered. ap? Islamic propa- Since Dr. Zwemer's return from gatIon movements InItiated. The more China, an increasing number of young . tradition is given up, the greater will teachers and students from govern-· be the prominence given to the Koran. ment schools have been attending his And this 'shortening of the lines' and Sunday evening services. The stusurrender of very easily assaulted posi- dents from the Coptic College and tions may, in truth, only prove a Divinity School have also come freely strength to Islam." -a thing almost as remarkable as the presence of Mohammedan students.

A Call for Missionaries for Turkey AArmenian Courage N American mission~ry in Persia T HE Prudential Committee of the has been deeply impressed by the American Board, at its meeting in December last, authorized the secur- courage and recuperative power of the ing of new missionaries for its staff Armenian people. He says: on the several fields, and made the announcement that it "confidently ex- "No massacre or human cruelty has pects to make a large increase in its been able to crush the spirit of many missionary appointments to. Turkey and the Balkans as soon as war condi- who have suffered so terribly. They tions permit. So far as can now be are wonderfully brave and patient in estimated, the American Board will need at least fifteen ordained men, ten their sufferings. I have heard many doctors, ten nurses, fifteen educators say: 'Never mind what has gone, and ten men of special qualifications, what we have suffered, if only such as business men, architects, agricultur- things are made impossible for our ists and technical workers. All these children in the future.' in addition to the single women who will be required for many departments "I was riding by a ruined Armenand forms -of work." ian village one day when my Turkish guard stopped and began to curse. 'Look at that,' he said. 'Three years ago we completely destroyed that vil- lage and thought we had exterminated its inhabitants. Here they are back Allowing for wives and single again, rebuilding their homes, plowing women, there are perhaps 150 new their fields and gradually accumulaworkers for Turkey to be found soon, ting cattle and flocks. They can't be it may be sooner than we think. destroyed.' I told him the reason was This vote is unprecedented in the that they were God's people."-Men annals of the American Board; it is and Missions.

the largest missionary call for a single W land that was ever issued by a foreign Palestine Mission Restored missionary society. Yet missionaries ITH the hoisting of the British from Turkey now in this country call flag on the tower of David and the estimate altogether inadequate to the freeing of Jaffa, Hebron, Bethle- hem and Jerusalem from the hands of the opportunity. the terrible Turk, three important mis- What Remains of Van Mission sion stations of the London Jewish So- ciety have been reclaimed. The I N Van, Turkey, at the time the war equipment which this society has in began was a flourishing mission Jerusalem will give her a splendid opstation under the direction of the portunity for definite gospel work for the MasL ong the Jews. With the American Board. There was a church, conquering of Hebron and Jaffa, two hospital, schools and other buildings, missionary stations of the United Free with a large staff of workers. Today Church of Scotland have been rethe entire plant is destroyed with the stored. exception of the church, which is now used in the mornings by the Russian Orthodox Church and in the after- Awful Need in Persia C noons by the Protestant congregation. ONDITIONS in Central Persia are"indicated by this cablegram There is much to be thankful for in the fact that even the church was from Douglas at Teheran: "The dis- spared by the Turks in their ruthless tress is appalling throughout the dis~ devastation. But out of it all is com- trict. Almost any amount could be ing a new and bigger chance for Chris- used for general relief. Drought pre-.

tianity to wake the souls of the people vented crops. Locusts and foreign who have been her persecutors.-The troops have eaten the remainder. Great'

Missionary Herald. Moslem populations· everywhere are

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

starving. Scores are dying. Distress- were deeply overcome."-Men and ing appeals come from all the cities. Missions.

The country is impoverished. The only hope is in American liberality." INDIA U. S. Minister Caldwell at Teheran The Empire of India A has reported to the State Department that beggars mUltiply and hundreds CCORDING to recent statistics swarm the streets, piteously crying and gathered in India and Ceylon, the begging, and at times in their despera- entire popUlation numbered 325,392, tion assaulting the besieged. Similar 524-one-fifth of the popUlation of the conditions are reported from all parts, earth. They are living in 2,259 towns provinces and cities of Persia. and 736,708 villages. The area of India, B~rma and Ceylon is 1,913,124 To the Presbyterian Board has come square mIles, or two-thirds that of the the following cable from Teheran: united S~ates, while the popUlation per "Forty thousand destitute in Teheran square mile is 171, or nearly six times alone. People eating dead animals. greater than in the American republic. Women abandoning infants. Essel- Of the total popUlation only about styn feeding 1,200 daily at Meshed. 1,500,000 are communicants or adher- Only limitation is lack of money." . ents of the Protestant Christian Moslems Deeply Moved Church and at least 730,000 villages are still unoccupied by messengers of REV. F~EDERJCK G. COAN of the Gospel. There is still work to be Urumla, PerSia, says: done in India!

"The Mohammedan has been made to realize as never before the great American Indians and East Indians contrast between his religion of cruelty and revenge, and Christianity with its T HE gifts of North American In:. spirit of patience, forgiveness and love dians, who are members of the in not only the spirit of the Christians: l;lUt the great relief work that is being Young Men's Christian sAupspsoocritatoifon~ done .for them. I have heard Chris- are making possible the tiims with streaming eyes asking God to forgive those who had so cruelly traveling secretary who is carrying the wronged them and outraged their benefits of the Association to the villoved ones, and Mohammedans stand- lage people of South Ind'ia. A secreing by have walked away awed, and tary in India says of this work: saying, 'What kind of religion is this that enables them to ask God to for- "The Association rids these people give us?' of debt by bringing freedom from the money lehders; it rids them of dirt "One case that has made a very and disease by introducing sanitation great impression on the Moslems was and inspiring higher ideals; it rids of drunkenness and frees from demon worship by introducing Jesus Christ."

when 1,600 Sunnis had fled from " W their villages on the return of the The Y. M. C. A. of India in the War Russians, thinking they would all be HATEVER the field, the work killed. After the army had passed on, of the Young Men's Christian they were brought to the city of Association is about the only Christian Urumia by the American missionaries, feature in the war." This was the . housed and fed in a mosque until they verdict not long ago of the British could be sent back to their homes. Re~ident in .Hyderabad, the principal Tho,usands of Moslems who passed by that mosque and saw Christians feed- native state In Int hdeiaf. orGceesneinralMMesaoupdoe~ commander of ingand caring for those who a few tamia, telegraphed to Sir James Mesweeks before were destroying the ton, Lieutenant-Governor of the Christianwillages, looting their prop- United Provinces: "As I am advised erty and outraging and killing them, that you are interesting yourself at this

moment in the question of the Young responsible. In Madura, individuals Men'5 Christian Association in Meso- or families were allotted to individual potamia, 1 should like to let you know workers. In Chingleput, where prac- what excellent work that organization tically all the Indian Christian women is doi:lg here and how immensely its in the church took a definite share, cer- efforts are appreciated by all ranks in tain villages were chosen around the these forces." town; the women were divided into One of the workers in India thus bands under leaders and allocated to sums up the extent of the Association's these villages. In places where there activities: are large numbers of illiterate Chris- "Up and down India, wherever there tians, the teaching of a single verse, a are enough soldiers gathered to make single lyric, and a single story to every it possible, from Ceylon to the far Christian, had great effect." Northwest and from Rangoon to Bom- bay; in East Africa, full of malaria; in CHINA Egypt, where we are -carrying on work Lack of Women in Chinese Colleges for Indian troops; among the Indian T HERE are three medical colleges in China that admit women stucavalry in France; and in Mesopo- dents-Peking,Suchow and Canton. tamia from Busra right up to the fir- Among the 1,930 medical students in ing line; in all th~se places we continue China are 120 women. The great need to spend our best efforts. Within a for increasing the number of women _few days of the fall of Bagdad the physicians is seen in the high mortality Association, with the hearty support among women and children, of whom 60 per cent born in China die as a of the military authorities, had secured result of the ignorance of midwives. a large hotel in which to carryon its At least 80 per cent of the mothers are work. In this field alone we have had infected because of improper treat- 120 different secretaries during the ment at the birth of their children. year, although on the average we have Can anyone doubt the great need for < probably not had more than sixty at anyone time and often less than fifty."

Every Member at Work trained nurses and women physicians? There is no greater call in China than D URING the last three years the that of the mothers and babies. South India United Church has There are only 84 Chinese girls at- held a week of simultaneous evangel- tending the colleges in China. If the ism. About one-third of the total same proportion of girls were in the communicant membership of the colleges of America there would only church has taken part. In some dis- be 21 young women college students in tricts and places the average has been all the United States. The only col- a little higher. The South India leges for girls in China are at Nanking, United Church last year decided to at- Fuchow, Peking and Canton, and these tempt to enlist every communicant were founded by American mission- member for this special effort, aiming aries. There are two hundred Chinese to get every member engaged in some girls in the colleges in America.

form of evangelistic work throughout Medical Progress in China the year. In certain places in South I India for short periods this ideal has Tis less than one hundred years been attained.• since the first doctor of modern sci- It was found, says The Indian Wit- ence hung out his shingle in China, in ness, that the best results were secured the city of Canton. He was not a mis- when a definite task was set before the sionary, but the Christian physician of church and before the individual. the East India Trading Company.

"In Dornakal the central committee Seeing China's appalling need and allocated to each congregation a num- being a man of vision, he opened cor· ber of villages for which they were respondence with the missionary

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

boards, which led to the sending of other is a civil engineer, now the the first medical missionaries to that chief Chinese engineer of the Hangcountry. Now China has over five chow-Shanghai Railway. Another, a thousand graduate Chinese physicians, Chicago University graduate, is a hospitals in all parts of the Empire, nephew of Dr. Wu Ting-fang, the medical schools for both men and famous ex-minister to the U. S. A., women, and a program for the imme- and the son of the ChilOcelIor of diate future that is tremendous in the Hongkong University, recently knightscope of its plans. This is the record ed by King George. Another teacher of just ninety years. is a returned student from Germany and a professor in one of the Govern- There are thirteen medical schools ment colleges. The superintendent of having particular interest to missions the school is an A. M. graduate' from and missionaries. Six of these are con- the University of Chicago, and is now ducted as union efforts, while some of head of one of the two departments the others are looking toward union of the Provincial Salt Gabelle, a very as the best means of increasing their important and lucrative position. The strength and efficiency. In medical other teachers are a civil engineer, education for women the chief prob- the head teacher in a mission school, a lems at present are lack of money, returned student from Japan and a lack of women physicians to staff the young doctor. These men are very schools, and lack of enough schools much in earnest, and when in town that can furnish Chinese women with have never been absent a single Sunthe necessary pre-medical education. day. -Missionary Link. They come together once a week to Idols as Kindling Wood study the lesson for the next Sunday, and to discuss their work.-The ONE could hardly imagine a more Christian Observer. revolutionary proceeding in the In a Chinese Prison life of a home than to chop up the household gods and build fires with pRISONS in China are in a chathem. Yet this is what is happening otic state. Peking contains one in many places today under the influence of Christian teaching. Some time in which a visitor saw seventy men, ago a progressive citizen of a town in seated on the wooden floor, each of Central China told his neighbors that whom must serve a term of from it was absurd to worship the idols in three years to the life sentence. the Buddhist temple. After a number They were bare to the waist, and of others were convinced that he was some of them wore handcuffs as right, they took community action and well as chains on their feet. On the transformed the temple into a work- other hand, there is another prison shop and the idols into stove wood. in Peking, which in sanitation, the Even an American missionary had part teaching of trades and other points in the feast in which the meat was compares favorably with the best cooked over burning idols. prisons in Europe. Religious edu- cation is given here in a large room, An Unusual Sunday School with elevated seats, surrounded on three sides by wooden partitions, so A REMARKABLE Sunday School that the prisoners, when seated, is that in Hangchow, China, the could look only in one direction and 120 pupils in which are all students that straight forward, over the head in government schools. These men are of the man in front of him. all from heathen homes and in schools without any Christian influences. "On the wall which the prisoners faced were five paintings. The The teachers are a most interesting middle painting was of Confucius, in group of men. One of them is a ma- robes of blue. At his right were jor in the army medical corps. An-

Buddha, in yellow, and L'lctzu, in the Gospel as yet, but the time of white, while at his left were Jesus, harvest is sure to come."-Men and in a brown robe, and Mohammed in Missions. green. The warden explained that these paintings had been made by JAPAN one of the prisoners, at the warden's own request. Every Sunday there The Japanese and Womanhood is a lecture on Confucianism, lasting half an hour. Then the prisoners FORMERLY the Japanese showed are left in silence. They are expect- their respect for womanhood by ed to gaze at the religious leader they may choose and to fix their worshipping a sun goddess. The mod- thoughts on his teachings. The ern name for woman in Japan is "the warden explained that he believed honorable inside of the house." More there is good in all religions and and more, however, the modern Jap- that each prisoner ought to get as anese women are going out of the much good as he can from the re- house, .both for work and pleasure. ligious leader in whom he trusts."- The education of Japanese women is The Survey. becoming more and more important, but on account of the failure to prooSeed Sowing in Tibet vide proper educational facilities in N the border between China and the past it takes two years longer in Tibet lies the city of Batang, Japan than in America to do the same which is, 'like Denver, "more than a educational work. It requires two mile high. "The altitude is about 7,800 years longer for a child to learn to feet. At this far-off Tibetan city, on read and write in Japan than m the roof of the world, the Foreign America. Christian Missionary Society of the Disciples of Christ has located four A Prescription for a Dying Church missionary families, two medical mis- sionaries and two evangelists. M ORE than one church in the home land, whose membership has so At Batang there is now a small dwindled that the few who are left Tibetan church. a hospital just com- are almost discouraged, might enter pleted, a day school of about one into life by following the example of hundred pupils and a Sunday school a little church in Airin, Japan. Its of about one hundred pupils. The membership had gotten down to evangelistic work is carried on in an twelve. But these twelve got to work. intensive way. In a letter recently Fifty copies of a religio.us paper were received from Mr. Ogden he says, purchased. Each Sunday afternoon "I have visited almost every home was devoted to house-to-house work, within a radius of five miles of Ba- and the papers distributed. The next tang, some several times, and have week fifty new copies were left and not missed the rich or the poor. I the old ones passed on to fifty more have visited all the villages around families. Every visit meant a personal Batang, some two or three times. invitation to attend services. The Each time I go I take tracts and preaching place was filled with hearers picture cards, and tell the message and the meetings had to be repeated from one or more of these in each two and sometimes three times a night home and to any person I meet on to allow the people to hear the Word. the road. I believe in this seed- sowing and 'in this way I get 'ac- Suicides in Japan . quainted with every person in our district. How different the attitude REV. DR. SIDNEY L. GULICK and the reception as compared with says that suicides among Japanese ten years ago! Not many accept students are probably more prevalent than among any other students in the world. The causes he mentions are, first, the high-strung nerves and excep- tional sensitiveness to anything that

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

may be regarded as a personal humilia- tic mass meeting in the evening, each tion; and, second, the extraordinary worker bringing his capture with him competition among students to secure so as to afford him all the encourage- places in the Government schools. Dr. ment possible.

Gulick also notes the three causes But there was much more than good given by the Students' Christian Lit- organization. Such was the devotion erature Society, of which he is a mem- of the workers that during one week ber, namely: the struggle for existence, of effort in a single church, sixty-six . the handicap of poor physique, and the people declared themselves for Jesus absence of an enlightened faith. Christ from henceforth, and in sixteen In 1917, with the consent of the churches, thus wrought in for a month, principals, this Society reached 1,330 eight hundred made the same declarasecondary schools in Japan, contain- tion.

ing some 410,000 pupils, with the "Myojo" (Day Star), its paper for young NORTH AMERICA men; this paper reaches nearly all the An International Conference?

middle schools and colleges to the ex- T HE Federal Council of the tent of about one copy to every seven Churches of Ch;ist in America has students; and to the Society's offer of received an invitation, signed by the a free six months' correspondence course of Christian instruction for Bishop of Seland, Denmark, the Archgraduates over 450 applications have bishop of Upsala, Sweden, and the come in. Young Japanese are thus Bishop of Christiania, Norway, to atbeginning to see that the antidote for tend, through its chosen representadespair is not found in the native re- tives, an international ecumenical conligions, but that the cure for pessimism and despair is spiritual inspira- ference, to be held probably either at tion, such as is found in Christianity. Upsala or Christiania. The Pope and other prelates of the Roman Catholic Church have been invited, with twenty~ Evangelism in Seoul five Protestant communions and· cer- N0 tain special groups. Representatives little organizing ability is shown from both neutral and belligerent in the reports of the. evangelistic countries have received invitations.

campaign conducted in Seoul. The subjects proposed for discus- The city of Seoul, having been di- sion are: (1)· The spiritual unity in vided into four sections containing Christ of His disciples, without loss about four churches each, four church- of loyalty either to the talents and es, one from each of the four dis- duties entrusted to nations or to the tricts, were selected weekly that each, creeds they profess. (2) The short- with its own workers and as many comings of the Church with regard to vnlunteers as would come to them the realization of Christian brother- from other parts of the city, might hood and of the spirit of Christ in all prosecute evangelistic work in its human relations. (3) Possibilities and neighborhood. The workers of each duties of the Church in counteracting church came together at 9 A. M. for the evil passions of war and promot- prayer and conference, after which ing that frame of mind which makes each worker was given a slip of paper for righteousness and goodwill among (five hundred of which had been pre- nations. (4) The Christian doctrine viously prepared) containing the ad- on the sanctity of law and on the work dress of an individual to be found and of international legislation. (5) wrought with. All the workers re- Actual church problems viewed prac- convened at 2 p. M. to report, confer tically and universally and accept the same or a modified as- At a special meeting of the Adminsignment to work with the rest of the istrative Committee of the Federal day and all assembled at an evangelis- Council it was agreed that it was not

advisable for the Federal Council to 2. An 83 per cent. advance in contake definite action on the matter at tributors, or 100 new givers. this time. 3. An accurate, up-to-date live list Baptist Reorganization of church members, 400 in all.

B Y the adoption of a new series of 4. A new inspiration to the whole by-laws, the Board of Managers church. New workers discovered, of the American Baptist Home Mis- new members received, lapsed memsion .Society has created a new form bers restored, the indifferent interestof organization, with co-ordinate de- ed, and the Sunday school helped. partments. 5. At the report supper of the can- Gilbert N. Brink, D.D., formerly vassers the unanimous expression was superintendent of education, has been to make the canvass a permanent and made Secretary for Education and for regular feature of the church's work. Latin North America. Rev. C. A. Brooks, until recently superintendent Progress of the North American Negroes of foreign speaking work, is now secretary of city and foreign speaking F IFTY years ago the negroes in missions. Rev. F. H. Divine, former the United States owned scarcely district secretary of New York and Northern New Jersey, has been made the clothes on their backs; to-day, acsecretary of the department of church edifices and parsonages. L. C. Barnes, cording to the Home Mission Month- D.D., field secretary, has charge of the departments of field work and English ly, 250,000 of them own 20,000,000 speaking missions, and of evangelism. Secretary Charles L. White has been acres of fertile soil and on this and made executive secretary of the Society. other land which they rent they culti- The secretaries and the treasurer vate over twice as many acres as are form a Headquarters Council, the chairman of which is the executive ,contained in all of the farm land of secretary. This Council meets frequently and confers upon matters of import- New England. Illiteracy, which fifty ance that are brought before it by its members, thus securing for each the years ago stood at 90 per cent., has advice of all. Matters of special importance or those upon which there is been reduced to 30 per cent., and likely to be a difference of opinion are presented thus to the Headquarters Negroes constitute nearly three- Council and upon its recommendation are submitted to the board of .man- fourths of the teaching force in schools agers. This plan has already led to very fruitful results.-Watchman- for their race. In the various steps Examiner. of their advance they have been aided Results of a Canvass by those white people of both South T HE last report of an "Every Mem- ber Canvass" given in the Review and North who recognize that our was from Africa. Now comes one from Ridgewood, New Jersey, which duty lies quite as much in helping the shows the results that may be achieved in a suburban church. Negro of America as his more pic- 1. A 63 per cent. advance in in- turesque brother in Africa. The avercome, or $3,460.64. age white person knows only the Negro servant or laborer, not the teacher, the minister, the doctor; and there is the tendency to judge the race by faults rather than successes. The Negro needs a gospel practiced before him as well as preached; he needs a helping hand, not a discouraging shove when he is trying to climb.

Negro Boys Reformed by Negroes FOURTEEN miles from Tuscaloo- sa, Alabama, is a reformatory school for negro boys, founded by Sam Daly, negro hack driver in an Alabama city.

Although Sam Daly died about three

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

years ago, his wife and daughters con- "I, the undersigned, J. B. Chouin- tinue the reformatory in a very effi- ard, farmer, after having been long cient manner. Starting with less than and carefully instructed in religious a dozen children, often Mrs. Daly has truth in the Old and New Testaments; as many as thirty-five boys in her and after having compared the teach';'

charge at one time. Standing to-day ings of our Lord Jesus Christ with beside the old farmhouse is a one-room those of the Roman Catholic Church, iog cabin, the first dormitory; but now. declare publicly that not being able to the boys are quartered in a two- agree with the alterations made by this storied, wooden frame building, erect- Church, I today leave it for good, fully ed mainly by the boys themselves. This determined to follow only the sound new dormitory, not yet completed in doctrine of the Gospel. For this rea- the interior, will accommodate nearly son I attach myself to the French a hundred people. Of the five hun- Baptist Church of Lac Long. I also dred acres embraced in Mrs. Daly's call upon my French Catholic friends farm, a large portion is under cultiva- who read these lines to sound the tion. Here under a capable overseer Scriptures and to have no other these boys raise corn, cotton, peanuts, Shepherd than Jesus.-l. B. Chouinpeas and hogs. No boy is admitted to ani.

this reformatory unless the courts THebrew Christians to Confe. have convicted him of some misde- HE Hebrew Christian Alliance of meanor. The boys are of all ages and America, in issuing the call for its degrees of intelligence. fourth annual conference, which is to A negro minister acts as overseer on be held in Chicago, May 27 to 31, the farm, and has charge of the week- states the following as its aims: ly Sabbath school and preaching service in the little chapel. Nowhere else "1. To bring into brotherly relaexcept at Tuskegee will you hear the tions, for their mutual spiritual old hymns sung with as much vim and strengthening, the thousands of the enthusiasm as by these boys. scattered Hebrew-Christians on the North American continent on the basis WApplies to Women of our common salvation in Christ. OMEN in uniform or members "2. To extend a hand of succor and of parties containing women in uniform cannot be served alcoholic practical counsel to lonely and disbeverages in the leading up-town couraged converts of the house of Israel, who crave that intelligent symhotels of New York City, according pathy which they can find only in a to an announcement made by the hotel Hebrew-Christian environment. proprietors. "3. To present by voice and pen a The order means that hereafter )lllited testimony to the Lord Jesus as women doctors, nurses, motor drivers the Messiah of Israel to the Jewish and telephone operators wearing a community-American and immi- grant, reformed or orthodox. khaki uniform or nayy blue uniforms "4. To cultivate legitimate points of of Uncle Sam will do exactly as the contact with the Jewish community, men in uniform. They will be forced struggling towards the re-establishto drink soft drinks or nothing.-The ment of a home in our ancient father- American Issue. land, in order to demonstrate that our W A Public Confession of Faitb abandonment of Judaism is not meant HEN French Canadian Catholics to be understood as apostasy from the are converted to evangelical .Tewish people-our 'kinsmen accord~ Christianity, it is the custom for them ing to the flesh'-but that we too deto make a public statement of their sire to labor for their welfare and faith. The following, dated at Lac prosperity. Long, Temiscouata, Quebec, is said "The Alliance was formed by the to be typical: good hand of our God upon us during

the war which is overturning the old for 985 graded schools for the coming world-order and working tremendous school year-160 more than the present changes for the Jewish people also. number. Furthermore, the school'

The capture of Jerusalem by a Power year has been lengthened from nine friendly to the Jews on the anniver- to ten months, which naturally calls sary of its re-conquest by Judas Mac- for an increased expenditure in teach- cabeus, the founder of the last Jewish ers' salaries.

State before the first coming of the In Santo Domingo Messiah, is in itself a significant sign. Let us wait together on the God of T HE first American Protestant our fathers, that such light and guid- Episcopal missionary to the Doance may be granted unto us in this hour of crisis as will point out clearly minican RepUblic has arrived safely the path in which we must walk as a at Santo Domingo. Bishop Colmore Hebrew-Christian community." reached there shortly after Mr. Wyllie and on the first Sunday held services which he describes as follows: War Benefits Alaska "It was wonderful on Sunday morn- ing to celebrate the Lord's Supper at N o district school among the snow- seven and to preach at half past nine covered hills or icy fields of in the old fort where Columbus had Alaska is too small to be lined up for been confined in chains in the country war work. The superintendent of the he had discovered. All the heads of Southeastern district school division the Government were present, includhas commandeered all the children ing the American minister, sitting in and announced a program as well for camp chairs or on long benches which their mothers and elders. Every girl had no backs. Beside these, there were from the third grade up must learn marine officers, enlisted men, civilian to knit-if her teacher does not know men and women, and several Englishhow she is referred to Alaskan women speaking blacks. We had an altar confor instruction. The school course, structed in the fort prison, an enlisted too must include instruction in First man played the piano, and three others Aid and the study of the United -college men wHo have enlisted for States policy in the war for democ- the duration of the war-formed our racy. The present war, the superin- choir. Everyone was most attentive tendent affirms in his instructions to and reverent, and expressed his pleasteachers, is for the benefit of Alaska ure and gratification at the service." as weIl as civilized people everywhere. For Young Men in Mexico LATIN AMERICA THE Young Men's Christian Asso- In "Dry" Porto Rico ciation in the City of Mexico re- Since March 2nd it has been unlaw- ports that in spite of the disturbed con- ful in Porto Rico to buy or sell or give ditions, the membership of the Assoaway intoxicating liquors. In spite of ciation reached its highest point this the loss in revenue from this source the year-l,8S7. One of the members, treasurer of Porto Rico, Mr. Bene- the head of a large tailoring. firm, dicto, feels confident that dry Porto was convinced that the Association Rico can still pay its way. The ene- could do for his employees what mies of prohibition predicted that the it had done for himself, so he loss of the liquor revenue would handi- had thirty-seven of them enrolled .as cap the schools, but, on the contrary, members, paid the entire bill, presented the legislature has voted larger appro- each of them with a gymnasium .suit priations this year to the school de- and installed at his own expense partment. Commissioner of Educa- enough additional lockers to serve the tion Miller in his address to the Teach- whole group. It is also said that Mexi- ers' Association in Mayaguez, recently cans now· outnumber foreigners on the stated that provision had been made secretarial staff.

1918J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Mission Schools Appreciated vent revolutionists increase each day, and I fear that very soon the Costa SENOR EMETERIO DE LA GAR- Ricans, already tired of the torture in- ZA, JR., one of Mexico's most dis- Bicted by the Dictator, Tinoca, who is tinguished lawyers and statesmen and supported by the revolutionists of a member of the Mexican congress Nicaragua and other foreigners, will under three regimes, replied as follows soon go to the sacrifice. My country- to an inquiry as to Mexico's desire for men will be sacrificed because they are an increase of Protestant missionary without arms and it is impossible for work: them to obtain any. "From all accounts, the conditions "Absolutely yes. Why? Because in Costa Rica are very terrible. Tin- the Mexican people, like everybody oca, upheld and supported by foreign else, are perfectly willing to receive the investors in Costa Rica and aided and benefit of such a religion. They will abetted by the worst professional rev- not stick to the candle when they can olutionists in Central and South have the electric light, nor will they America, has inaugurated a reign of stick to the donkey when they can terror. Street meetings or house gath- have the Ford. I know, because I am erings are prohibited; many common a man dealing with the public affairs rights of the people have been abro- of my country. I know of the enthu- gated; letters are opened in the post siasm with which they have responded offices; taxes are beyond reason. to missions in the past. The fruits of Tinoca has succeeded in establishing mission work are enjoyed in many what amounts very nearly to an auto- places. The day in which the United cratic and conscienceless monarchy. States will send to Mexico an army of And the people are helpless !" teachers and missionaries, instead of an army of soldiers and marines, that This little Republic is the field of day would your country be rendering the Central American Mission and of a great service to my country and to the Jamaica Baptist Missionary So- humanity. Education is one of the big ciety. solutions of the Mexican problem. Supplying schools is a fundamental EUROPE question of reconstruction, but the government cannot go into it because For German Prisoners in England of the unspeakable financial condition of Mexico at the present time. We ONE of the most striking demon-' had 11,000 schools in 1910. We have strations of the essential spirit of almost none now. We need 100,000. We welcome the mission schools." Christianity in the course of the War is the work of the British Y. M. C. A. Disorder in Costa Rica in the prisoner-of-war camps in Great Britain. Figures for one year give A TTENTION is called by a con- some idea of the extent of the activi- tributor to the New Yark Times ties. to "the orgy of lawlessness and gov- ernmental disruption in the usually During 1916 the Association was in stable Republic of Costa Rica." He effective contact with thirty-six camps, quotes as follows from a letter written containing 33,580 men. In these camps to him by a prominent Costa Rican: there were, in 1916, twenty groups meeting for Bible study, with a total "E'tch day the conditions in Costa average attendance of 430; under edu- Rica are more disastrous. Recently in cational work sixty-two subjects were five different parts of the country taught in 329 classes to 4,729 men; at groups of the best class of men in the 1,339 educational and popular lectures republic resorted to arms in despera- there was an average attendance dur- -tion at the persecution and ill-treat- ing the year of 206. ment they have received. These fer- One secretary writes: "It is difficult to overestimate the value of the Asso- ciation buildings. From the monotony

of the heterogeneous barrack-room life, Among Dutch Students with its lack of privacy or quiet, men have been able to find in these halls A NEW spiritual current in the cheer, fellowship, quietness and ~on­ Dutch student world has been regenial surroundings for readmg, ported. The old days,of materialism thought or meditation. are passed and there is a pronounced tendency toward religion. "Christmas time means more to these prisoners than it does to us. One of the evidences of this is the Right in the summer men talk of the growth of the Dutch Student Chris- Christmas festival of six months be- tian Movement, affiliated with the fore. The Young Men's Christian As- World's Student Christian Federasociation was able to provide a num- tion. It has increased from 533 member of Christmas trees and specially bers in 1915 to 783 in 1917. prepared hymn-books; and the prisoners themselves provided the music, the It is remarkable that this extension of impressiveness, and the Christmas the work has taken place during the spirit." war, when so great a proportion ?f the The English Type of Islam students are in the army and not III the university. One of the leaders writes: T HE Mohammedan Mission to Eng- "Three years ago some members of land continues its work, with head- our movement opposed the plans for quarters at Woking. It has recently extension, holding that this was not the been pointed out that the form of Is- time as everything was too uncertain lam which is propagated in the Wok- and 'there would be no money availing Mission is very far from being the able. We held, however, that if God accepted orthodox kind. The leader gave the opportunity, He would also is a member of a sect known as Ah- give the means, and if there was work madiya, founded by a Punjabi teacher before us, we had to do it and not some thirty years ago. It represents worry about ,the future. Certainly an endeavor to reconcile Islam to a then, it was our duty to go ahead, so certain extent with modern thought, we have advanced until now we have so as to turn the edge of the chief ob- had no failures to record but many . jections to it on the part of Christians. things for which we can be thankful." Islam is represented as the religion of toleration and as being the rational " T Missions in Italy in War Days form of religion best suited to the en- HE war has greatly reduced lightenment of the twentieth century, our staff," writes Rev. B. M. The idea of the fatherhood of God, Tipple, D.D., of the Methodist Miswhich is utterly contrary to the teach- sion in Rome. "Most of our minising of Mohammed, is frequently ters are at the front. The laymen of brought in. Polygamy is represented our churches-those between the ages as temporary and partial, as a conces- of eighteen and forty-five-are either sion to the needs of human nature. The dead or under arms. The older men existence of slavery in Islam is blunt- and those who have been rejected bely denied. In its propaganda Chris- cause of some physical disability, are tian methods are plentifully adopted. doing home-guard duty or some work which makes it possible for the army Efforts have been made by Chris- to carryon the war. But those who tian laymen, both English and Indian. are left are going on with the work to counteract the Mission on the spot. and the whole attitude of the Govern- Tracts have been written to explain ment is one of deep sympathy ansi bewhat Islam really teaches, and what lief in us. It is eager for such educathe position of womanhood in Islam is, tional work as we are doing to fit for these reformers boldly maintain Italian boys for the reconstructiof' that Islam has improved the condition work which must soon come.

Qf womanhood. "The women of Rome, Genoa, N a- pIes, Florence and Milan have organ-

ized themselves and are giving sacrifi- all that he is and all that he has, who cial service. Their work is nothing can see any part of himself or his pos- short of hemic when you consider sessions taken for the benefit of that their poverty, the high cost of living, cause and still feel no sense of loss. the fact that all the bread-winners are In place of lamentation for what he is at war and the meager amount of deprived of, he is conscious of a pridemoney received from the government, ful honor in what he has been enabled which does not provide the actual to contribute to the purposes that seem necessities of life."-Christian Advo- to him worth more than his life.

cate. In this high mood the word of Christ saying, "It is more blessed to A Program for Jewish Missions give than to receive," rises into a mys- tic significance, cleared completely W HILE there have been at differ- from the suspicion which among the ent times conferences on Jewish selfish and uninspired treats it as a missions, a gathering in London in fanciful paradox. When one's giving, October of representatives of all Brit- either of himself or what he has won ish societies working for the evangeli- and earned, becomes to him a title-deed zation of Israel was the first occasion of comradeship in the mightiest things on which representatives of all British that God is seen doing among men, Jewish missionary societies had as- then the joy of bearing a share in sembled together for the definite object making the world better and mankind of having mutual counsel on their com- happier appears more than worth any mon work and seeking for ways of co- price that it costs. The blessedness of giving is for those from whom nothing operation. can be taken away because they have The following practical steps were already dedicated everything. – The Continent. agreed upon: First, the unanimous resolve to issue a series of present-day AUSTRALIA AND THE ISLANDS tracts, having as their object the enlightening, as to Christian truth, the Prohibition in Australia minds of cultured, educated Jews and of those emerging from the darkening A NATIONAL Prohibition League bondage of official Judaism; second, has been organized in Australia, the carrying on of a periodical de- with headquarters at Melbourne. Its signed to reach all Jews in thei~ own object is simple and direct: To secure tongues-Yiddish and Hebrew-that total prohibition by the will of the peothe Chdstian view of things may be ple, expressed in due form of law, more fully set before them; and third, of the manufacture, importation and what is most hopeful and promising of sale of alcoholic liquors as beverages. all, so far as co-operative work is concerned, the establishment of a perma- At present the naval barracks, worknent body representative of all the so- shops, docks, etc., are under prohibicieties, which would arrange for an tion, but constant efforts are being annual conference on Jewish mission made by the liquor people to violate questions and take thought for further the policy of the commonwealth and methods of co-operation.-Record of the League proposes to help stand United Free Church of Scotland. guard. The military camps have a dry canteen, which also is being watched. Given; Not Lost The Minister of Defense closes the liquor bars at various ports when ships A BRITISH SOLDIER invalided arrive with returned soldiers, but the home with his arm amputated at protection needs to' be extended. the shoulder, it is related, refuses to let any of his friends refer to his hav- oProsperity in the Philippines ing "lost an arm." Says the soldier NE section of the world that is exmanfully, "I did not lose it; I gave periencing great material prosperit." … It is the man who has con- ity, with its accompanying spiritual secrated himself to an unselfish use of

dang~rs, is the Philippine Islands,. Conference to every General Confer- The Philippine Free Press, says: ence from 1888 to 1916, and the Ecu- "Here in the Philippines we have menical Conferences of 1901 and 1911. been caught up in the common whirl Since his death the Methodist Book and are going faster than ever before. Concern has brought out his latest Automobiles are multiplying at an as- book, "A History of the Methodist tounding rate; an aviation corps has Episcopal Church in Mexico."

been organized and aeroplanes with Dr. N. W. Clark of Italy their 150 miles an hour will soon be humming overhead; then we have our pROTESTANT forces in Rome National Guard and are talking big of mourn the death, in his sixtieth a patrol on the Mexican border or a flutter in the great game in Europe; year, of Rev. Dr. Nathaniel Walling Japanese and Hawaiian capital!sts are Clark, of the Methodist Episcopal Miscoming to our shores and spymg out sion, which has occurred in New York the land and finding it very good; for- City, on March 10th. From 1889 until tunes are being made in copra and in 1896 Dr. Clark was president of the coconut oil, and soon we shall have our Reeder Theological School in Rome; sugar barons and our hemp barons in 1901 and 1902 he served as Traveland our tobacco barons; we are begin- ing Secretary, for Europe and the Lening to feel like a little world power, vant, of the World's Student Christian offering our destroyer and our subma- Federation; and from 1903 to 1904 he rine to the United States; and on every was president of the Methodist College hand we are making more money than in Rome. He then became superinever- before." tendent of the Methodist Episcopal Church for the District of Rome, a position which he held until he re- OBITUARY NOTICES turned to the United States for a John W. Butler of Mexico furlough that ended in his death. Dr.

REV. JOHN W. BUTLER, D.D., Clark was an able organizer, and a whodiedinMexicoCityonMarch ripe scholar. 17th, was one of the best known missionaries in, the Methodis~ Church. Rev. E. P. Dunlap of Siam His 'father, a pioneer missionary in India, was also the founder of Meth- O N April 4th word was received, at odist missions in Mexico, and it was the offices of the Presbyterian to the latter field that the son turned Board of Foreign Missions, of the for his life work. death in Siam of Rev. Eugene P. Dun- lap, one of the ablest -and most hon- During the forty-four years of his ored missionaries in Asia. Dr. Dunservice for the Methodist Episcopal lap went to Siam in 1875 and has been successful in reaching many remote Church in Mexico, Dr. Butler held parts of Siam in his itinerations. He various positions. Beginning as Pub- has founded many churches and lishing Agent, he became Presid- schools. A fuller account of his life ing Elder of the Hidalgo District, the will appear later. Central District and the Mexican Dis- trict in turn, edited a Methodist paper Dr. Paul Gottfried Frohwein O called El Abogado Cristiano. acted as N January 1st word was received of the death on December 17th president of the Mexican Methodist Institute and of the Theological School of Dr. P. G. Frohwein,. medical mis- and had oversight of the Juarez School sionary of Wilna, Russian Poland. By for boys' and the girls' school of the his death there was taken away a rare orphanage. In addition to his regular missionary and Christian physician, work he wasn,ever too busy to take an who laboreij' among the poor and sick, active interest in ev~ry benevolence particularly the Jews, both orthodox for the American colony in Mexico. and unbelieving. He was a represent, He was ddegate for the Mexico ative of the British Jews Society.

Conversion of Europe. By Char!es author interprets as referring to mis-

Henry Robinson. 8vo, 640 pp. wIth sionaries the allusion in the third Epis- maps. $6.00 net. Longmans, Green tle of John to those who "for the sake & Co., London and New York, 1917. of the Name, went forth taking noth- ing of the Gentiles." Eusebius refers The title, "The Conversion of Eur- to .the missionary work carried on by ope," in view of the present ghastly the Christians immediately following war with its incalculable human sacn- the apostolic age. At the beginning of fice' and economic waste, might be the second century itinerant mission- aries bore the title "apostle," but the construed as the very quintessence of name apostle presently ceased to be applied to them owing to the increased satire. But it is not so to be con- reverence felt for the original apostles. strued. Dr. Robinson, who is Honor- In the third century Origen declares ary Canon of Ripon and Editorial Sec- that it is a distinguishing characteristic retary of the Society for the Propaga- of the Christian to regard himself as a tion of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, missionary. Thus he writes, "Chris- tians do all in their power to spread gives us in scholarly fashion the story the faith." CAh, if this were true of of the spread of the Christian faith us all in modern times!) throughout Europe. He has gone back We admire the thoroughness of the to the earliest existing authorities, and author's discussion of Christian origins in Ireland, Scotland, England copious foot-notes and thirty-two and Wales. It may be doubted whether pages of bibliography indicate the any other book in any age has done sources of his information. Let not finer justice both to history and tra- dition so far as they relate to this sub· the reader turn away from the title, ject. The author makes no fanci~ul "The Conversion of Europe," because claims and allows none. He deals dIS- of the shocking exhibition of persis- creetly with the statements of ecclesi- tent strains of unconverted humanity astical historians who give free rein to imagination and who are not over- in Europe. There has always been an conscientious in distinguishing authen- unpurged residuum of barbarism in tic chronicles and the inventions of every civilization which has been "poetizing clerks."

touched by Christianity, however How the Gospel first came to France deeply, as Canon Robinson says: is vastly interesting, and the relation between the Christians in Gaul and "The kinowledge, for instance, that Ireland in the first centuries of the Christianity only displaced 'paganism in Christian Era is much more intimate some parts of modern Prussia during the than the average reader may imagine. fourteenth century and that the people As God counts time, it is but yester- who were then converted, after being day that the same difficulties mission- treated with every refinement of cruelty, aries encounter now in remote parts of were finally <given the choice of death or conversion, may help us to under- Asia and Africa confronted the men stand, and should mitigate our denucia- who undertook the evangelization of tion of the. barbarities that have been committed by descendants of these con- Europe. verts in the course of the recent war. If the British, the French and the Italians "To plunge into these terrible forests, have departed less widely than have the to encounter these monstrous animals Prussians from the dictates of Christian- . . . requirc;d of courage of which noth- ity in their conduct of the war, they ing in the existing world can give' us an have had resting upon them obligations created by the fact that Christian influ- ences have been working amongst them for more than twice as long as amongst . their northern foes."

It is amazing how few and frag- mentary are the references in the writ- ings of the Fathers to the missionary activities of the early Christians. The

idea. • . . The monk attacked these cent volumes on the subject is Olgin's gloomy woods without arms, without "The Soul of the Russian Revolution," a title somewhat misleading, since the sufficient implements, and often without book does not describe the present a single companion…. He bore with him a strength which nothing has ever surpassed or equalled, the strength con- revolution. There is, indeed, nothing ferred by faith in a living God. • • . about it except the barest outline in See, then, these men of prayer and peni- the last eight pages of what took place tence who were at the same time the more than a year ago, even that outbold pioneers of Christian civilization and the modern world • . . They line stopping with the abdication of plunged into the darkness carrying light the Czar. The value of the book lies with them, a light which was never- in the fact that it gives a historic more to be extinguished." perspective which enables the reader The story of Christian beginnins in to interpret what is taking place tothe Balkan Peninsula is, perhaps, less day. Professor Siskhovitch, who known than that of any other consid- writes the introduction, well says that erable part of Europe. Dr. Robinson when we are reading about our own gives full space to the progress of political affairs, a simple narrative of Christian missions in Germany and events may suffice, for with the social Austria. and historical background we are pre- sumably quite familiar. To the simple Not the least interesting section of story of events we add our own knowlthe book relates to attempts to con- edge of the background, and we unvert the Jews in Europe. But the consciously supply the social psycholchapter on Russia is most enlighten- ogy that is behind the events and ing. The "conversion" of the Russians which make them intelligible. Quite was in no sense less sincere than .that different is the situation when we are of the Teutons. dealing with the social and political events of a distant land, the back- All in all, this book is an indispensa- ground of which we know little. The ble aid to the student of Christian mis- . mere narrative of the events, no matsions through the centuries. We be- ter how accurate, does not supply us lieve that it will take its place among with the means of understanding them. the first authorities on the subject. This is precisely the situation in which The implications of the story are both illuminating and startling.

The Soul of the Russian Revolution. the English-speaking world finds itself By Moissaye J. Olgin. Introduction in regard to the Russian revolutionary by Vladimir G. Simkhovitch. Illus- movement, and this is why Olgin's trated. 423 pp. Henry Holt and Company. New York, 1917. $2.50 net. volume should be carefully studied. He is a Russian himself, thoroughly The Russian Revolution is the ab- familiar with "the soul" of his people, sorbing topic of thought and conversation everywhere. Men are beginning in deep sympathy with the revolutionto realize that it is not only one of ary movement, and able to explain it the vastest, but one of the most sig- to the world as no outsider could do. nificant, events of this extraordinary He well says that the revolution is more than a change in the form of period in the world's history. As it government or in the civic rights of develops, its aspects become more and more ominous, and it is urgently de- the people. It is the awakening to sirable that people in other lands self-consciousness of a great nation should understand it. Unfortunately, shaken to its foundations, the groping of vast masses toward a new social, the average man reads nothing but political, and spiritual freedom far exthe newspapers, which cannot give ceeding that contained in revolutionmore than partial and censored news. ary programs. It is, therefore, exceedingly important The book is divided into four main that good books on Russia should be sections. Part first treats of the sostudied. One of the best of the re- cial forces in Russia, such as industry, labor, agriculture, the peasant and ab- Among the most notable features of solutism in theory and practice. Par.t the biography are the accounts of the second deals with "The Great Drama," fight against cholera and typhus; the the public beginning of which, save illustration of "I stand at the door and for sporadic outbreaks which had pre- knock"; the answer to Moslem unceded it, the author places in the Revo- belief; the work of the Boy Scouts; lution of 1905; that tragic but premature uprising of a revolution which the Turkish game of bluff. had been long in developing, but which Dr. Ussher has given us a most had not yet attained sufficient magni- readable book and a convincing argu- ment to critics of missions.

tude to carry it through to a successful The Manual of InterchUl'ch Work. Intermination, and which therefore troduction by Fred B. Smith. Edited ended in blood and apparent ruin, only by Rev. Roy B. Guild. 221 pp. 60 secretly to gather a new force and cents. Published by the Commission intensity until it could break out again, on Interchurch Federation of the Fedthis time to triumph. The next main eral CouncIl of the Churches of Christ section of the book is entitled, "Fight- in America; New York City, 1917.

ers and Dreamers," and effectively de- We have often been reminded that scribes the portents of the coming the proper correlation of forces on the storm; while the closing section deals mission field would be equivalent to with the incidents which found their doubling the number of missionaries.

culmination in the coup d'etat of Daily our attention is drawn to the March, 1917. A special feature of in- waste of money and of manhood due to the overlapping in America. At terest in the book is its use of Russian Pittsburgh, October, 1917, there was literature, revealing sadly but vividly held a Congress on the "Purpose and the sorrows and tragedies and aspira- Methods of Inter-Church Federations of the people. The book is writ- tions." The main task of this Conten in an interesting style, is attrac- gress was to consider the reports of tively printed and bound, has twenty- eight commissions, some of which had six illustrations, seventeen of which been working on their specific probare representations from revolutionary lems for years. The names of the members of the Commissions inspire magazines which were promptly sup- confidence in their findings. Not con- tent with sentimental hand-clasps and pressed by the Russian censor, has statistical appendices, and is carefully indexed. .

An American Physician in Turkey. By verbal, meaningless embraces, the 506 delegates from all the great Protestant Cla,rence D. Ussher, M.D., and Grace organizations of the country set to H. Knapp. Illustrated. 8vo. 339 pp. work to see what had been done and $1.75. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Bos- ton, 1917. what could be done. Recognizing the The story of the Siege of Van and fact that "ideally the Church is the the heroic labors of.Dr. Ussher and his social unifier," they also confessed that associates is already known in in many places "the churches are them- America. This is only a small part of selves causes of faction and Gliscord."

Dr. Ussher's remarkable story. Ad- The manual proceeds to show lin con- venture, service, pioneer medical mis- crete fashion how we can escape from sionary work, massacre, relief work, our shame. Maine has achieved nota- Gospel preaching and personal touches ble results through federation, and the make this a wonderfully interesting principles of the Maine plan are given.

narrative. Dr. Ussher tells of his own A typical report from Ohio is inserted: experiences. He gives incontroverti- "When the Congregational Union re- ble facts concerning' the Turks, the cently took an option on a Cleveland Germans, the Armenians and the Rus- Heights property, the near-by Meth- sians. It is not difficult to form con- odist and Presbyterian pastors made clusions. vigorous protests on the ground that they had been diligently developing foreign missions. Dr. Gulick';; Comthe field for some years, and had just mission on International Justice and come to a point of self-support, and Good Will fittingly closes the reports. that they needed the support of all the "Forty million professed Christians in families in their parishes. In a fine America can make America's internaspirit of Christian harmony the Con- tional policy Christian, if they will." gregationalists surrendered the option But how? The report proceeds to and made plans to secure a site else- show in detail the organization where." One is not sure whether to be through which the Church of Christ proud of the surrender or pained that may undertake "its grea't new task" such a report should seem to be worth of embodying "in international relarecording. tions the spirit and the teachings of Jesus." Again, we have an expert discussion of community evangelism, and, One of our most urgent needs is a again, the report goes into precisely propaganda, persistent, unconquerable, those details which the interested pas- in the interest of a federated and tor must understand. Weare told that effective Christian Church in America. without the assistance of an outside professional evangelist, the churches of We believe that the manual might Indianapolis pursued a plan of evan- well serve as a handbook for the propgelism by which "in the first year aganda. Primarily intended for min- 3,500 people united with the churches, isters the book should be studied with the second year 7,000, the third year care by every theologue and by every 8,000, and the fourth year 8,000." The layman in official position in the technique of shop meetings and open Church. air meetings is helpfully described. African Missionary Heroes and Hero- Dr. Worth M. Tippy, in a valuable ines. By H. K. W. Kumrn. 12mo, report on Social Service, answers such Maps. 215 pp. $1.25. Macmillan Comquestions as any city pastor would pany, 1917. wish to ask: e. g., How far shall I try to co-operate with existing social Africa has produced some remarkagencies? How far shall I go in criti- able men and has been the scene of cism of public officials? What shall many heroic careers. Dr. Kumm, the be my attitude toward Sunday recrea- author of a number of other volumes tion? Can I use effectively the public <;iealing with Hansaland, the Sudan forum? and Nubia, tells in his present vol- ume the thrilling stories of martyrs, Then Charles Stelzle and his com- explorers and missionaries. These inmission give us an illuminating report clude Perpetua, the martyr of Caron "religious pUblicity." The ecclesi- thage; Cahina, the Christian queen astical advertiser has been so despised of Constantine; Crowther, the slave that we have failed to learn how, with- boy who became Bishop of the Niger; out the loss of dignity, the Church Coillard, the French pioneer among may win the attention of the crowd. the Barotse; Mary Siessor, the won- Such practical suggestions as these derful woman of Colabar; and Tucher, abound in the report: "Handbills and the lion-hearted bishop of Uganda-as dodgers have a questionable value and well as other still better known misshould be used only in cases of great sionaries. Dr. Kumm has a picturemergency. They litter up the front esque style and knows how to marshal steps, the letter boxes and the street, his facts and select his incidents to and ordinarily they are so poorly create a deep impression. In some of printed that people do not pay much the chapters the thread of the narraattention to them." tive is somewhat disconnected, but they are all worth reading. These men There are excellent discussions. of and women were those who have been religious education and of home and used to transform Africa.

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1916

AMI';RICAN-MEXICA", PEACE CONFERENCE. AT HOTEL BILTMORE, NF]W

IDlnltn,tnmml"IH""'"II"n'l 1-'IIIIWI"IIIlIO'IB,m,mm'WIIIIIII'"Ulmmumllmll'lIImlllllllll'lIIl11nIllUIIIIIIUlIIIII1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIHnllllnlllllllllllllUIIIIII,I,III1OIIIIIImlll,mlllUliUlIIIIIUlIIIIII,I,UI,IIU1U1"UI, Ii A~~.~~~~~Y.~-= I iiI IiI NOVEMBER 8th to 10th-Annual Meeting Women's Board of Missions, Northampton, Mass.

~ 10th-Day of Prayer for Foreign Missions. ~ ~ 12th-World's Temperance Sunday. §I ~ 13th to 15th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Decennial, Concord, N. H. ~ iI iI 16th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Decennial, New York, N. Y. 17th-John Williams sailed for the South Seas, 1816. 100th anniversary.

I! :::~ ~ ~:~h L~::n~='B::k~onv. Moo, H~"'bu,g, Moth,';" 23d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Decennial, Chicago, Illinois. r. i,==========_, 24th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Decennial, Detroit, Mich.

27th t., 29th-Laymen's Missionary Ministers' Council, Waterloo, Iowa.

29th to Dec. 3d-Medical Missionary Conference, Battle Creek, Mich. i- 30th-Founding of the Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society, 1841.

30th-Thanksgiving Day Service, Home Mission Sermons.

DECEMBER 4th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Decennial, Minneapolis, Minn.

6th to 7th-Friend's Foreign Missionary Conference, Gloucester, Mass: 6th to 8th-Friend's Foreign Missionary Conference, Belfast, Me.

6th to 13th-Third Quadrennial Council, Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, St. Louis, Mo.

7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Decennial, Pittsburgh, Pa.

llth-Laymen's Missionary Movement Decennial, Cincinnati, Ohio.

14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Decennial, Cleveland, Ohio.

19th-Birth of Adolphus Good, 1856. 60th anniversary.

23d-William Duncan sailed for Fort Simpson, British Columbia, 1856.

24th to 28th-Quadrennial Conference of Student Christian Association of India and Ceylon, Poona, India.

– 24th-Allen Gardiner sailed for South America, 1836. 80th anniversary. 24th-Christmas Sunday. Foreign Mission Services.

24th-Dedication of Duncan's Church at New Metlakahtla. 20th anniversary. 26th-Bishop Selwyn sailed for New Zealand, 1841. 75th anniversary. 31st-Death of Bishop Crowther, 1891. 25th anniversary. 31st to Jan. 6th-Universal Week of Prayer.

IL-.,___un••,_ _- These are the men to whom the American and Mexican Governments have entrusted the task of bringing diplomatic order out of chaos. Standiug: Mr. Stephen BonsaI, Secretary Lansing, Elisio Arredondo and Dr. Rowe. Seated: Dr. John R. Mott, Judge Geo. Gray, Hon. Fredk. K. Lane, Hon. Luis Cabrera, Ignacio Bonillas and Albert J. Pani. (See page 831.)

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. NOVEMBER, 1916 NUMBER ELEVEN XXXIX SIGNS OF THE TIMES THE MEXICAN PUZZLE T HE United States has been distracted beyond measure for the last five years with the Mexican turmoil-and no doubt this distraction will continue through the years unless Americans come to realize that it is not the question of stopping a fight, but the matter of solving a problem. Mexico is endeavoring to change from sixteenth century to twentieth century conditions. It is not the ca~e of a revolution that must be squelched, but an evolution that needs to be guided. We might as well settle down to the fact that the problem is that of slowly changing a nation into the image of God-a God whose very name is unknown to one-fifth of the population, and whose Book cannot be read by four-fifths of its people. The Mexican people are not to blame for the chaotic condition of their country. What nation under the sun has ever developed a real democracy without having had preached and ground into her life the principles of the Sermon on the Mount 1 We may expect no permanent settlement of the Mexican problem until her people have been imbued with the democratic teachings of Jesus. Is this the word of a missionary enthusiasU During a visit to the People's Institute at Piedras Negras after having examined its work, Governor Carranza (now Chief Executive) said that if there were twenty-five such institutions scattered over Mexico, the problem of revolution would soon be solved. And that sentiment has been echoed by a hundred Mexicans who care little for the propaganda of a foreign religion, but who recognize the saving power of a Gospel such as is there exemplified.

There would be no Mexican problem if to-day the United States had displayed the same interest in the development of Mexico's soul Tbe editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest tbe spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EJ)ITORS.

as we have in the exploiting of her natural resources. American capital has invested $1,000,000,000 in Mexico. Protestant missionary forces have invested about $2,000,000, or only one five-hundredth of the former sum. For the Christianizing of the 3,000,000 Indians, many of whom have recently been taking part in raids on our border, Protestant Christianity is not sustaining one lone worker. Yet the United States has assigned to pay for the present troop movements to protect our border the sum of $130,000,000. This amount is too tremendous for us to grasp. How far it would go toward the real solution of the Mexican problem I It would place in every town and city of Mexico with more than 4,000 people, a church, a college, a hospital and a social center, all magnificently equipped, and sustain an ample corps of workers in all these institutions for a period of ten years; and over and above this it would enable us to endow the public school funds of municipalities with the sum of $750,000, the annual interest at 6 per cent on which would be more than the Mexican government has ever paid for education in any single year of its history I Because of the European war America to-day practically holds a mortgage on the world financially, but the world holds a mortgage on America's soul. God pity us and save us!

ENLARGEMENT IN LATIN-AMERICA CHRISTIANS in the North American continent are becoming increasingly interested in the problems of their southern neigh- bors. One evidence of this is the Latin-American Development Fund started by the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in U. S. A. On April 17, 1916, the Board voted that" a special effort be made to raise $100,000 to be devoted to the development of the mission work in Latin-America and the Philippine Islands, and especially to the direct evangelistic work and to provide for native evangelists and preachers."

The Panama Congress on Christian Work in Latin-America revealed the inadequate number of missionaries in these fields, the hopeful and ambitious spirit of the Latin-American peoples and their welcome to all friendly, uplifting influences, the widespread religious dissatisfaction and the increase of intellectual doubt and unbelief, the growing intimacy of intercourse between the United States and Latin- America. The American nations should be united in their faith in the Christianity of the New Testament, and'avoid the danger and failure of international relations governed by principles of selfishness and distrust. "Above all, the claims of neighborliness and brotherhood and the need of human souls everywhere for the Living Christ, combine to summon the churches to a more earnest and sympathetic support of the missions and of the national evangelical churches in Latin-America." .

1916J SIGNS OF THE TIMES

As another result of the Congress at Panama the Christian Woman's Board of Missions of the Disciples Church has decided to enlarge their work in Argentina and has asked the Committee on Survey and Occupation to assign them the three unoccupied provinces of Entre Rios, Corrientes and Misiones in northern Argentina, and also the republic of Paraguay, in which there is no American society at present. This Board has also decided to send twenty-one new missionaries to Mexico in the next five years.

The Lutherans have organized a Pan-Lutheran Society for Latin- America, and steps have been taken, pending the biennial meetings of the General Bodies in 1917, to send Pastor Ephraim Ceder, of the Swedish Augustana Synod, to Buenos Aires. This will be the means of avoiding all further division of Lutheran forces 'in the Southland Republics, and should unite all Lutherans interested in Latin-America. They will urge the Lutherans of the Argentine and other countries to organize churches and schools, not only for themselves, but also for the native populations.

These are but a few of the plans for promoting Christian work in Latin America. More will be done when the North American Christians have a better understanding of the Southern Republics as revealed in the reports and text-books recently published.

AMERICAN RELATIONS WITH THE ORIENT T HE relations of the United States with China and Japan is a matter of growing interest, not only to statesmen and poli- ticians, but specially to those who are promoting Christianity in these lands. The situation may become acute if left to drift at the mercy of present-day politics and certain sections of the press.

The rise of a new China makes it inevitable that sooner or later the American exclusion laws should be reconsidered and the Chinese be set free from humiliating discrimination. The California antialien land law leaves room for the possibility of misunderstanding between Japan and America, especially in view of the interpretation given by the radicals and the sensationalists in both countries to the raising of Count Terauchi to the premiership and to measures of military preparedness in both nations.

Christian leaders discredit all suggestion of the possibility of war between any of these three great nations, but they recognize the need for serious thought on the problems presented in their mutual relations. A conference on American Oriental problems was therefore held in New York on September 26th under the joint auspices of the World Alliance for Promoting International Friendship through the Churches and the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. There came together some fifty missionary leaders and prominent citizens interested in Oriental problems. Chin~ was

represented by Bishop L. H. Roots, Bishop Wilson S. Lewis, Presi- dent H. H. Lowry and Fletcher S. Brockman, of the Y. M. C. A.; Japan and Korea by Bishop Herbert Welch, Bishop M. C. Harris, Dr. Sidney L. Gulick, Dr. John L. Dearing, Dr. Hilton Pedley and Dr. A. D. Berry. Among the Mission Board Secretaries were: Dr. Robert E. Speer, Dr. Frank Mason North, Dr. William I. Haven, Dr. James L. Barton, Mr. William B. Millar, of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, and Bishop A. S. Lloyd.

There was unanimity in the conclusion that there must be an emphatic rejection by America of "Imperialism" and "Dollar Diplomacy" ascribed to Americans by Asiatics. There must be an outspoken declaration in favor of the new internationalism in relations with Asia.

Japan has observed with fidelity the terms of the "Gentlemen's Agreement" entered into by Secretary of State Elihu Root and Ambassador Takahira some years ago, with the result that the emigration of Japanese laborers to the United States has ceased, while the number of Japanese living in the United States is 15,000 less than at the time of the agreement. Its operation has caused hardship and misunderstanding among graduates of Christian schools in Japan and Korea who have wished to enjoy the privileges of an American college education.

The immigration question seems to be practically solved for the present, but there are two possible sources of friction: The California land law and the conflict of American and Japanese policies in China.

A resolution was passed recommending to the President that he ask Congress to create a non-partisan commission whose duty it shall be to study the entire problem of the mutual relations of America and the two great nations of the Far East, and to invite the government of China and the government of Japan each to appoint similar commissions. The American commission should then visit the Far East and confer with the commissions of China and Japan in their respective countries.

Another resolution indorsed the bill proposed by the American Bar Association for an act by Congress providing for the adequate protection of aliens. A third resolution affirmed the importance of establishing a Publicity Bureau of Far Eastern Affairs for the purpose of supplying to the public accurate information as to events in China and Japan and their relations to the United States.

If these resolutions are carried out effectively a long step will have been taken to strengthen friendly relations and the way will be open for other conferences of representatives from Japan and China with citizens of America interested in the development of international good will and the advancement of Christian ideals.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

THE P AN-TURANIAN MOVEMENT ONE of the remarkable results of the war is the change in the attitude of the Turks toward their fellow Moslems. The Sul- tan of Turkey has for centuries claimed to be -the "Defender of the Faithful" and the great head of the Moslem faith. With the advent of the young Turk to power, the Sultan lost his prestige. When Turkey entered the war she formed an alliance with an infidel power and fought against fellow Moslems from India and Africa. Then Great Britain announced her policy to protect the sacred Shrines of Islam, and in other ways sought to win the favor of . Moslems. In the Egyptian Sudan the British do not allow Christiani ty to be preached to Moslems in Khartum and are making Gordon College practically a Mohammedan institution. Moslems are more free to do missionary work than are Christians. This also has helped to lessen the power of Turkey with Moslems. Finally the Sheikhs of Mecca and Medina have revolted from Turkish authority and have declared that Turkey is traitor to the faith.

The result of this is seen in a Pan-Turanian movement. The Turks declare themselves enemies of Arabic-speaking Moslems, and word comes that they are adopting a policy for the extermination, not only of Christians in Turkey, but of Arabic-speaking Moslems as well. They proclaim "Turkey for the Turk," and some of them even advocate a return to pre-Moslem forms of faith and worship.

The line of cleavage in Europe and Asia between the spirit of Christ and the spirit of paganism seems to be growing more and more marked. It is clear that "those who have not the spirit of Christ are none of His." It will be a benefit to mankind if men come to realize to what the anti-Christian spirit ultimately leads.

CHURCH AND STATE IN MADAGASCAR S INCE the French took possession of Madagascar the Protestant churches have been in many difficulties, which at times have threatened their existence. An unfortunate incident has occurred there, to mar for the time being the good understanding that was gradually growing up between the French Government and the Protestant missionary societies in the island.

A political plot, having nationalist significance, was discovered by the authorities, and some of the leaders of the movement were men connected with the Christian Church of Madagascar through the various missions. The French Government consequently decided to press more closely its insistence upon the separation of political and Christian ideals within the missions, and its hand has been heavy upon the small minority of people whose connection with this plot was revealed. The French Government has, however, through its

representatives in Madagascar, expressed once more its confidence in the foreign leadership of the Christian Church, and has given evidence of its friendliness toward the missionaries of the five societies-the Paris Society, the London Missionary Society, the Friends' Foreign Missionary Association, the Norwegian Missionary Society, and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel.

Friends of this great work are asked to pray that there may be no unworthy use of the organization of the Christian Church by the Malagasy, and that the Church itself may show by all its actions its full understanding of the purpose and scope of the Gospel message, so that in the days to come nothing may occur to hinder the free course of the Gospel in tlie island and the bringing into the knowledge of the salvation of God those hundreds of thousands of its inhabitants who have not yet accep~ed Christ.

COOPERATION IN HOME MISSIONS T HERE is yet to be shown a consistent example of interdenomi- national Christian unity and cooperation on a broad scale. A few attempts have been made to practise it, but they have been narrow or feeble. One of the recent attempts has been in Utah, the state of which a Mormon remarked, "This is the only place on earth where a Jew is a Gentile."

In Utah the line of demarcation religiously is not that of the Protestant and Roman Catholic, but that of the Motmon and Gentile. Under the general classification of Gentiles are included Roman Catholics, Protestants, .Tews, Buddhists, Hindus, or people of no faith.

In the first zeal of the missionary boards to establish churches everywhere throughout the State there was much overlapping which has caused great confusion in recent years. Because of this situation representatives of the denominations gladly welcomed the organization of the Utah Interdenominational Commission, following the work of the Neglected Field Survey a few years ago. This Commission has completed a thorough organization and the denominations cooperating under the plan are the Baptist, Congregational, Christian, Episcopalian, Methodist Episcopal and Presbyterian.

The following quotations from a "Statement of Principles" which the Commission has issued show the spirit in which it is working: "A community being served by one or more evangelical denominations should not be entered by any other denomination through its official agencies without consent of the Commission. A feeble church should be revived, if possible, rather than a new one established to become its rival. The preference of the evangelical element in a community should always be respected by the Commission."

It is to be hoped that this effort in Utah will be fruitful in true

and interdenominational unity, and will set an example for other states. Another fine example of the possibilities of denominational co- operation is found in the Church Federation in St. Louis, which consists of 115 of the most prominent churches in the city. Twelve denominations are represented. The unique feature of the federation is found in the executive function which it assumes. Unlike the federations in some cities, which act only in an advisory capacity, collecting data and furnishing material for the churches, the St. Louis Federation attempts to act for all of the organizations as a representative of a united Protestantism. One of its achievements is the St. Louis Training-school for Sunday-schQol workers, which has completed three years of successful work.

The Church Federation is also doing a notable work in connection with the Juvenile Court. A paid worker gives his time to this work and seeks to cooperate with the court in behalf of the Protestant boys and girls who are brought there.

The federation is seeking to act as arbitrator in the location of new churches in the city. Two years ago the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., made overtures to the other denominations in the federation that the churches locate no new enterprises or relocate any old enterprise without the ratification of a council representing the denominations in the federation. Eight denominations have agreed to this proposition.

In many other ways the Church Federation of St. Louis is justifying its existence.

THE WAR AGAINST INTOXICANTS T HE traffic in strong drink is on the defensive; liquor dealers face defeat. The battle is not yet won, but there are encouraging reports from many lands. In New York an advertiser offers to introduce beer "incognito" into the home. Some patrons are ashamed of their purchase. At a Sioux Indian conference in Mitchell, South Dakota, seven hundred Red Men recently passed resolutions against "fire-water" and demanded prohibition. The State and national prohibition movement in North America is growing rapidly and many brewers and distillers are seeking to dispose of their properties before it is too late. In Washington an earnest effort is being made to pass laws against the exportation of intoxicants to undeveloped races. The need for such a law is acknowledged. Only commercial interests stand in the way of the legislation. Porto Rico, Africa, and the Pacific Islands are being destroyed by rum, but friends in America and England are endeavoring to make the exportation il1egal.

In Peru, a remarkable man, Dr. Jose Pardo, who has recently been elected to the Presidency of the Republic, is an able opponent of King Alcohol. In his recent message to Congress he said:

"It is time the government should intervene in this industry in view of the great damage which the traffic in brandy occasions among the native population of the Sierra."

In France, the women have made the following powerful appeal to Parliament: "No more half-measures, no more compromises I Drink's ravages continue. We expect you to deliver the country from d'rink by the abolition of the distilling privilege and by the suppression of the use of alcohol as a beverage. Save the French race I Deliver France from drink I' , Simultaneously appears an appeal to French women from the "French Society for Action Against Alcoholism," of which the president is M. Raymond Poincare, president of the French republic. This appeal is in the form of a poster written by M. Jean Finot, one of the leading editors of France, and was posted in every postoffice in the country. It is in part as follows: Drink is as much your enemy as Germany, Since 1870 it bas cost France in men and money much more than the present war. Drink tickles the palate; but it is a real poison that destroys your constitution, The cordials of your parents reappear in their offspring as great hereditary evils. Drink decreases by two-thirds our national production; it raises the cost of living and increases poverty. Mothers, young men, young girls, wives! Up and act against drink in memory of those who have gloriously died or suffered wounds for the fatherland! You will thus accomplish a mission as grand as that of our heroic soldiers.

In Russia the temporary injunction against the sale of vodka seems about to be made permanent by a law which has already passed the lower house of the Duma. The proposed law contains an element of local options, but the government gives up the degrading traffic.

When will America and Great Britain make illegal this business which destroys men's bodies and souls?

Editorial Comment WHY STUDY LATIN AMERICA-AND HOW?

N ORTH AMERICAN Christians are gradually awakening to the fact that they are densely ignorant of the countries and peoples of Latin-America, and are beginning to realize that these neighbors are worth knowing. This ignorance and the intensely interesting facts concerning South America were clearly brought out in the correspondence and investigation conducted in preparation for the recent Latin-American Congress.

It is to be hoped that the result of revealing this ignorance and the rich field for study will be to bring Christians into a fuller

1916J EDITORIAL COMMENT

realization of their responsibilities for helping to solve South Ameri- ca's moral and spiritual problems.

The first requisite is knowledge. It would be interesting to hold an examination of the members of any church of average intelligence in Great Britain or North America to discover their knowledge of even the main facts concerning these southern republics. What would be the answers to such questions as: Locate Bahia, Cuzco, Surinam, Oaxaca, Lapaz. Bound Bolivia. Compare the size of Brazil with the United States of America or with Spain. What is the climate of Lima and of Buenos Aires? What language is spoken in Chile ¥ What kind of an educational system have they in Uruguay¥ To what country does Patagonia belong? How long has Brazil been independent? Compare the number of Indians in North and South America. How long since the last revolutions in Chile and in Argentina ¥ Such an examination, touching only on geography and history, would probably reveal appalling ignorance. There would be still less accurate knowledge concerning the marriage and divorce laws, the literacy, the religion of the Indians, the extent of unevangelized territory, the standing of the Roman Catholic Church, the beliefs and. spiritual state of the educated classes and the real character, strength and result of evangelical work in Latin-America.

A second cause of the prevailing indifference to missions in Latin- America has been that missions to these republics seem to many to be an impertinence. They find it difficult to conceive of great material wealth and civilization, such as are evident in the capitals of Brazil, Argentina, and Chile, as coincident with real spiritual poverty. Some have thought also that since the Roman Catholic Church has been dominant in Latin-America for four hundred years, and has so much of Christian truth and has accomplished so many good things, therefore this church meets the need and there is no call for outside religious interference or help. Christians who really know the facts are convinced of the great need for such work as that carried on by the evangelical missions.

There are other causes for lack of knowledge of Latin-America, but it is hoped that the excellent courses of study and reading provided by the Missionary Education Movement and the Woman's Home Mission Study Circle books, and the reports of the Latin-American Congress, will dispel this darkness and bring information and enthusiasm to many misinformed but earnest Christians. We call attention to the article by Mr. Hicks in this number, entitled "Light on Latin-America," in which he describes the excellent books that have been prepared for different ages. Several of these volumes are intensely interesting and take away every vestige of excuse for a continuance in past ignorance. The reports of the commissioners of the Congress will be found particularly rich and stimUlating. For detailed description and prices see the advertising pages.

HATRED AND LOVE T HE European conflict has opened the flood-gates both of hatred and of love. Can anyone doubt which must ulti- mately conquer? Early in the war songs of hate burst out in uncontrolled fury as the nations locked in a death grapple. Unspeakable deeds of murderous anger have been perpetrated and the seeds of hatred have brought forth a plenteous offspring. But in the midst of it all the spirit of Christ has been struggling for expression in the relief of suffering, in the spiritual ministries to soldiers on the battlefield, in hospitals and in prison camps. The campaign for the relief of Syria and Armenia, of Persia and Belgium and Poland goes on without cessation. Sunday, October 22d, was set aside by President Wilson as a special day of intercession and offerings for Armenian and Syrian relief.

Another encouraging sign is the occasional word, from Germany, or France or Britain, denying the appeal to baser passions and preparing the way for the return to brotherhood after the war. Such a word has recently been spoken by Viscount Bryce, one of Great Britain's greatest men. At a recent meeting in Birmingham (October 3d) he urged the churches to do their part in helping form public opinion in regard to the terms of peace and the treatment of their enemies. He counseled Englishmen to repress the spirit of hatred and not to talk of banning a whole people for all time to come. "To indulge in revenge would be to sow the seeds of future wars. Nations could not hate one another forever. The victors should not seek to impose on the foe any terms dictated by the spirit of hatred."

Lord Bryce urged his fellow countrymen to consult reason rather than passion.

What would be the consequences if the leaders in Great Britain and Germany should indeed be wholly controlled by the spirit of Christ, who said to His disciples: "Love your enemies; do good to them that despitefully use you"? It would not result in a policy of weakness, but in the conquering spirit of love.

CALLS TO PRAYER FOR 1917 W E do not hear as much to-day, as in the early stages of the war, concerning the increased spirit of prayer and spiritual interest in the countries engaged in the con- flict. The hope that a return to God would bring speedy victory to the cause of the petitioners has not been fully realized, and as the spirit of prayer has waned the fact becomes clear that too much of the apparent religious awakening was not founded on abiding faith in God and submission to His will. Men were asking to have their own wishes fulfilled rather than that God's way might prevail.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

There have been, however, many deep spiritual movements among the troops, in prison camps and among the watchers and waiters at home. The distribution of gospels and the personal work has been fruitful-how much so, only eternity will reveal.

Never was there more need for united and universal prayer on the part of all Christians, and it is fitting that the last day of the present year and the first days of the new year (December 31st to January 6th) should be set aside for that purpose. New Year's day is assigned to thanksgiving and humiliation. What great need there is to remember the temptations and dangers of the year to come! What need for prayer in America for deliverence from cowardice and covetousness and self-satisfaction! What causes for thanksgiving for the spirit and opportunity to help the afflicted peoples of Europe and Asia.

The World's Evangelical Alliance has sent out an urgent call to Christians in every land to observe this week of prayer, bridging the old year and the new. 1'he call says: "There are special reasons for thanksgiving as we enter upon this year. While God's judgments have been in the earth, many have been learning righteousness. These are testing times for each man and for each man's work. We have witnessed the hopeless failure of all systems and philosophies built up on other foundations than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ. He has not failed. The Spirit of' Christ is spreading over the earth. The Kingdom of God is coming. The walls of the city that hath foundations, whose builder and maker is God, are rising faster than Satan can cast them down."

The first days of the new year are devoted to prayer for "The Church Universal," for "Nations and their Rulers," for "Missions among the Heathen," for" Families and Schools" and for" Missions at the Home Base. "

Any satisfactory and fruitful observance of this week of prayer will require preparation-a study of the conditions at home and abroad, a knowledge of the principles of successful prayer, a selfexamination and confession of sin. The season of ,united prayer may prove the opening of the flood-gates of God's power, or it may prov.e to be only another opportunity lost.

Never in the world's history was there greater need for the Christians everywhere to take advantage of the divine privilege of prayer. The present problems are too great for man to solve. The relations of China, Japan and America, the mass movements in India; the awful condition of the Syrians, Persians, Poles and Armenians; the shadows cast by the war over Africans and other primitive peoples; the needs of Mexico and other Latin-American lands; the inconceivable sufferings in Europe; the dangers to moral and spiritual life in America-all these and other subjects demand study in the light of God's will.

INDEPF.N DENCE DAY HOLIDAY IN

A celebration of tbe anniversary of Mexican Independence (Sept ember 16, 1910) in front of the P resident's Palace

A Program of Peace for

BY REV. JOHN W. BUTLER, D.D., MEXICO CITY, MEXICO Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Chnrch Dr. Butler, a son of the founder of the Methodist Episcopal Mission in Mexico, has lived with and worked for the Mexicans for forty years. His view of the situation and of the forces that make for peace are therefore especially noteworthy.-EDIToR.

W HY not? God intended it, the Shepherds of Bethlehem chorused it. and the Prince of Peace included it in his Commission to the Seventy. It may seem to some that the past history of the country does not indicate any such program. However, the past does not necessarily control the future. Custom and tradition, in this case, may fail as indicators of what is to come.

In writing of Mexico one can never forget her long night of suffering. The poor Mexicans, victims of a superstition, were too weak to oppose the foreign foe which landed on their shores four hundred years ago. Due to that superstition, the many became the serfs of the few invaders, and through three centuries were the unwilling, though abject subjects of over-sea masters.

Then came the glorious struggle for liberty and independence. Five years are still lacking to complete a century of sovereign national existence, and during this century it has been one long story of revolution, civil strife and foreign war. In this period there were only about thirty years of peace and prosperity, from 1878 to 1910. The recent disturbances seem to many to be the worst of all Mexico's sorrows. And yet, this may be the final mortal struggle before her entrance upon the enjoyment of permanent peace.

We should not forget how other nations have come up through long tribulations to times of peace and modern civilization. England needed upward of four hundred years prior to the great Revolution of 1640 and 1688 before coming, as a nation, to the full enjoyment of inalienable civil and religious rights.

France records one struggle after another preparatory to the Revolution of 1789 when Liberty, Fraternity and Equality were assured, and then nearly a hundred years later she learned the supreme lesson of giving the nation's heart not to Napoleon, nor even to the President, but to the people. It was after this achievement that the French Republic has developed an unparalleled strength in the past forty years of peace and prosperity.

The American RepUblic was conceived and really born across the sea. When launched on the shores of the new continent it was already a robust youth. Yet it took the Revolution of '76

ANO'l'TIJiJR REASON WHY MEXICO NEEDS A NNW PROGRAM rovcrty and Ignorance–Beggars at Ctltoric(~ and the bloody civil war to produce the united and vigorous nation of the present day.

We need a little more charity and patience with Mexico. Looking thoughtfully at her many struggles, some of which were imposed from the outside, we can see how after each great effort the nation took a step forward. The throwing off of a foreign yoke, the breaking of an ecclesiastical one, the, endurance of entailed land abuses of colonial times, the thraldom of ignorance and superstition, the merciless severity of the rich and other privileged classes, and further abuses have caused the sacrifice of thousands of lives and the shedding of rivers of blood-and yet after every struggle the nation has moved forward and the peopJe have moved upward. Such advances may not appear to have been great, yet advance there was. All this is very marked in the last five years' commotion. No one more than the leaders of the present dominant influence in Mexico, for instance, recognize not only the need of effective suffrage, of land rights for the masses, but over and above these and to make reasonable and

A PROGRAM OF PEACE FOR MEXICO

truly successful all these things, there must be a liberal education for the rising generation.

So we see in such states as Yucatan, Guanajuato, Tlaxcala, and Michoacan, practical plans in- augurated with tremendous activ- ity. Already over two thousand new schools have been opened since the triumph of the Oonstitu- tional cause! This is equivalent, in two short years, to one school fqr every pupil reported by the Spanish Viceroy after two centu- ries of Spanish domination. It is the most hopeful sign of the times and the first shining number in the new program for Mexico.

If the feeble efforts of recent years reduced illiteracy from 95 per cent. to 80 per cent., what may we expect from the present energetic and well-directed cam- paign in the hands of such men as Palavichini, Osuna, Herrera WHY MEX I CO -'EEDS A KEW PROGRAM and other equally broad-ml'nded and live-wire men ? One phase of their religion. Dancers before the Shrine of Guadaloupe, n ear Mexico City Moreover, the leaders, who without loss of time are making good along this line, are more or less committed to all the neces- sary reforms which have for their end the uplifting of the masses and the building of the nation on more rational and permanent foundations. They will not be slow to profit by the mistakes of the past.

LESSONS FROM THE PAST The second number in the Program of Peace for Mexico is the possibility, if not the probabilit.y, that the Historic Ohurch will at last come to learn wisdom from the past. It is difficult for Americans to understand the real condition and spirit of the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico. In order to do so one must bear in mind the hasty, not to say superficial work carried on at the time of the Conquest. The masses were never Christianized, and of the fifteen million people in Mexico to-day probably not 20 per cent. of them could give any intelligent definition of Christianity. Among the early friars were a few real missionaries who did as good work as the Roman Catholic Ohurch has ever done in any land. Las Casas, Gante, and others like them, loved the Indian and labored with the spirit of sacrifice and devotion rarely seen, and never excelled by missionaries of any age.

But after these came hundreds of men who seem to .have been more mercenary than spiritual, more anxious for numbers than for the character of the work done. Hence ignorance, superstition and idolatry have come down through the centuries as part and parcel of the historic Mexican Church. Roman Catholic authors are eloquent confessors of this sad condition of things which has led to the lamentable fact that the Church, doniinant for four hundred years, has kept from the people the Bible, liberal education and a true knowledge of the living Christ.

In addition to all this is the spirit of intolerance and narrowness among the leaders of the dominant Church. There are POLITICAl, EXCITEMENT IN MEXICO A street 'scene in Mexico City on the occasion of the resignation of President Diaz, May 30, 1911 also the clerical abuses, especially through the confessional, such as are not known outside of Latin ·countries. This is not the opinion of Protestants alone. In the New York Times of August 27th a Roman Catholic writer says: "I have enjoyed the excellent accounts that you have given of the Catholic Convention. I was delighted to see that they were considering the important subject of religion and morals. In the sphere of morals the Holy Church should be the leader. This should be supremely true of Catholic countries. The Catholic Church should be able to hold them up as object lessons of what she can do for morals. I have in mind especially Latin-America. ' There is need in these countries for the leadership of the Catholic Church. in morals.. I aI!l a good

Catholic, but like many other American Catholics, when I am in Peru or Brazil I am ashamed to call myself a Oatholic. The immorality and the superstition that are mixed up with the re- ligion of the Holy Church are shocking and startling to an Ameri- can. I would suggest to the Convention that a Commission of five priests be appointed to visit Latin-America, going as five American laymen, and report what the Church can do for these countries in the domain of morals."

Unfortunately, these abuses in Mexico have led recently to seeming severity on the part of revolutionary leaders. Archbish- ops, bishops and other higher clergy, self-exiled from that Repub- lic, are found in considerable numbers in San Antonio, Texas and other cities of the Southern States, from which they send out literature to air their grievances and to create sympathy among their co-religionists of the United States. Fortunately, their sOc journ in the northern Republic has been pro- tracted. I n their time for reflection will they be wise enough to see some of the mistakes of their Church? If they are led to accept; even though they do not like, present conditions in their na~ tive country, the hour of their salvation is at hand.

The y still control more than 90 per cent. of the people in Mexico. Let them make an honest effort to give something beyond the Ripaldi Cate- chism to the rising generation, and their future membership will be worth to them and the coun- ONE OF THE NEW FORCES FOR PEACE IN MEXICO The Margaret Whittaker McMutrie Memorial Presbyterian Church, Coyoacan

try ten times what it is to-day. Let them give the Holy Scriptures to the people and they will cooperate as none others can in the diffusion of such principles of democracy as will exalt a nation. Let them enthrone the living Ohrist in the hearts of the masses as fully as they have installed the idolatrous myth of Guadalupe, and they will help to produce such a revitalized Ohristianity as will delight the very heart of God. These evidences of regeneration would give back to the church the confidence of the leaders of the present day and would make for a permanent Program of Peace.

But the most important number of the Program of Peace is the extension of evangelical Ohristianity. The evangelical Ohristians stand here, as everywhere, for the open Bible, the education ANOTHER FORCE FOR PERMANENT PEACE 'rile I<'aculty and Students of tile Presbyterian College and Theological Seminary, Coyoacan,- before tile revolution (1906) of the masses and the incarnation of the living Christ in the hearts and lives of men and women. Such Christianity is the one great need of Mexico to-day, and its extension now would mean immensely more than at any time in the future.

The initial years of Protestantism in Mexico have given the cause a commanding influence, so that Constitutionalist leaders in many ways are urging the extension of missionary operations. Pending plans of federation and unification of all Protestant missionary agencies will immensely facilitate the work and make this number on the program a power in the uplift of Mexico.

MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES The American Government can not be a silent onlooker. The two countries are so related that they need each other and can be mutu-

1916J A PROGRAM OF PEACE FOR. MEXICO

ally helpful in many ways. Intervention is the last thing to be advocated. The honest big brother is what is needed. The landing of troops ill Vera Cruz in 19141 and the sending of the punitive expedition into Chihuahua, justifiable or otherwise, only aroused suspicion, and made many enemies for Americans south of the Hio Grande.

Our expectation is that the Joint Commission now in session in New London, made up as it is of able men of both nations, will bring about a better understanding, restore confidence and open the way for the American people to be truly helpful in the development of the Program of Peace. The Mexican people themselves realize this. At a mass meeting held in Buffalo nearly a year ago, a missionary A PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM FOR MEXICO A classroom s(,pne in the missionary " Coh~gio Morclos," Aguascaliclltes from Mexico spoke for over an houi' to this effect. The audience of over three thousand was most sympathetic, and when the speaker had concluded, a young Mexican who chanced to be present, rushed uninvited to the front of the platform and said: "I am a Mexican and was born in the Roman Catholic Church, but I would not be true to my convictions and this hour if I failed to make public my convictions. What we want you American people to send to Mexico is not cannon and soldiers, but missionaries like this one who has just addressed us; then before long we ~ill have a happy and prosperous people."

Mexico's rehabilitation will surprise the world. Her God-given resources are limitless. With the advent of peace and the coming togetlier of the various factions to work unitedly for the fatherland, these resources will speedily become available, and abundant fruits of peace and prosperity will give us such happy neighbors on our south as will lead every true American, and especially every true Christian, to rejoice with them in their acceptance of God's program of peace for Mexico.

and the" U tterlTIOst Parts" *

BY MR. S. D. GORDON, NEW YORK The author of "Quiet Talks."

T HIS world is God's prodigal son. Very naturally the heart of God is broken over His prodigal. He has been gone so long. And the home circle of God is broken. The hearth-fire of God is lonely. There is always the vacant seat when they gather around the family board in the Father's house. He has given the wealth of His love to a plan for winning the world back. That plan called for His only Begotten, and He spared not His only Begotten. That plan called for the life of His only Begotten. And His only Begotten spared not his life.

But Jesus' dying is not enough. It is the tremendous beginning, but it is not the ending. Understand me here. Jesus was very man of very man, and very God of very God. He was born of a virgin, in a way unknown before and unrepeated afterward. He died as our substitute Savior. Only through his blood can anyone be saved. And he emptied the tomb where they laid Him. But Jesus' dying is not enough. Men must be told that He died, that so they may choose. For the one thing with which God the Father is concerned is a man's choice. Everywhere, always, this now is the thing that concerns Him regarding men.

Our living is to be like Jesus' dying. And the Father's plan for the world will never reach to its fulfilment till we live as Jesus died. He died for a world. We are to live for a world. It took the very life of His life to die for a world. It is meant to take the life of our lives that we live for a world.

It meant everything to Jesus that He died for a world. It ought to mean everything to us that we live for a world, in Jesus' Name. It meant everything to the world that Jesus died for it. It ought to mean everything to the world that we live for it. And a man is living distinctly below par, whoever he be, who is living on a lower level than this, that he lives as Jesus died.

In order that we may help in winning the old world back to God, we have been given five' things: our life, what we are; our lips, what we say or sing; our service, what we do; our gold, what we do not keep, selfishly, for ourselves; and, lastly, prayer, what we claim in the name of Jesus the Victor. The greatest of these is prayer, God's power going out through prayer.

The power of a life touches one spot. The power through the lips depends on the life back of the lips. The power through service is always less than the power of the life. The power of money depends upon the motive back of the money. The old Church is in no need of were money to-day; not a particle. But she has need of money * An address delivered at the Washington Laymen's Congress of Missions. with the red tinge of sacrifice on it. But the power through prayel' is as tremendous as the power of life, and it may touch, not one spot like a life, but anywhere in the round world where we choose to turn its power.

THE GREATEST THING THAT ANYBODY CAN DO The greatest thing 3:nybody can do is to pray. It is not the only thing, but it is the chief thing. The greatest people are those who pray, those who put prayer first, who make prayer the pivot, and adjust the whole of life around that prayer pivot.

But prayer is a variable term. The word stands for so many different things. Prayer is not saying religious words with your eyes shut and a terminal amen attached. Prayer is a life. It is an act, a habit, a mental attitude, a life, and, given these things, the man becomes the prayer.

The prayer takes on the quality of the life (hat the man lives. Every man has the choice of living anyone of three lives. He may live a bad life, outwardly sinful, or selfishly cultured. He may live a normal Christian life; or he may live an emergency Christian life.

By the normal Christian life I mean that he may live as if the world were in a normal condition. Perhaps he has money; he has a luxurious home; he likes certain rare books; he is fond of music and works of art, and surrounds himself luxuriously in his home with these things. He is a consecrated man; he believes in prayer; he is a real Christian. Christ is his Master, but his life is led as a Christian life in a normal world. He gives, and gives freely. But he surrounds himself with luxuries, which are very enjoyable, which most of us would enjoy very much, I think of that as a normal Christian life. Such men are good and do good.

Then there is the third life, the emergency Christian life. The man may be controlled in his life by the fact that the world is in an emergency. Abnormal actions to meet abnormal conditions excuse many things we sometimes criticize. Jesus found an abnormal world, made so by sin, and so ,Jesus lived the emergency life. The cross was an emergency transaction. I plead for no extremism, but for men who are swept and swayed by the Holy Spirit, and who live the emergency life, as the Spirit guides.

I say a man's prayer takes on the quality of his life-a deep life, deep power in prayer; a shallow life, shallow prayer; a broad life, a broad power in prayer; a selfish life, yes, a selfish Christian life! (how men's lives compel you to tie together words that contradict each other!) a selfish Christian life gives the quality of selfishness to the prayer. The prayer takes on the quality of a man's life.

Prayet opens the planet to a man's activity. This is not a perfunctory statement; it is a fact. A man in New York may control the touch of an electric button, and a thousand pounds or a million dollars in London or Berlin or Petrograd changes control. Just as

really a man may touch a spirit-prayer-current button and change the control of lives in those same cities or elsewhere. The man touching the electric button has to have certain relationships with the banker, or his touch does not count. And a man must have certain relationships with the power in the prayer current and the power house up yonder; and then as truly as the money changes control by the touch in New York so the lives are changed yonder by the touch here through the spirit current of prayer.

'.rHE OUTWARD AND THE INWARD ,]he true Christian life has two sides, the outward side and the inner side; the outer narrow side, the inner broader side. The outer side is concerned with the common round of a man's life in its outer circumstances and surroundings. _It is a narrow circle, even where it is broadest. The inner side is concerned with the spirit of a man's life. Look at a man who has got the Master's touch of prayer. He leads faithfully the commonplace round of his outer narrow life; and then under the touch of God's Spirit, he goes alone with God into the inner, broader place. In every prayer room there is a spirit switchboard, as in every electrical power house there is the electrical switchboard. Here the man can go and loosen out the current that changes things around the world.

No, this is not just talking. This is I!ot rhetoric. This is tremendously, intensely so. And may the intensity of it grip all our hearts and sway all our lives anew. As a man goes into the inner, hidden-away, broader side of his life, and begins to pray, he loosens out the spirit current of power. He prays for his family circle, his church, his partners in business, his own pastor, his own neighbors, his own club members, perhaps his own city, we will trust, his own state, we will hope, his own nation, as the Spirit guides. And thenlisten I-hush your heart I-notice what a man can do; for it is tremendous. For instance, on Sunday, he may turn this key on the switchboard, and the current of power is loosened out, and he can touch the whole of Turkey, Arabia, Syria, and the other countries hanging on the eastern- fringe of the Mediterranean, that is, the Middle-of-the-earth Sea. He comes out again to his outer round; goes in again, perhaps on Monday, and turns the current in on India j on Tuesday he turns it in on China; Wednesday on Japan and the Island World of the Pacific; Thursday pushing across the Pacific waters, he turns it in on the Americas; on Friday across the Atlantic waters to Africa; on Saturday he turns up across the Mediterranean into old Europe, from which we all largely come.

He can do it. And-hush your heart!-things change. Things change while he is to~ching the current. He does not know it. A.b, yes, he does, by the knowing of faith. The man in the New York brokerage office orders the sending of a cablegram, and money

1916J PRAY AND THE "UTTERMOST PARTS"

changes control in London, Paris, Shanghai, Calcutta, wherever he wills. The money control is changed. He does not know it. You can't hear across the ocean directly, yet. He can't see. But he knows in his heart that the money is changed, that his control is sure through his bankers.

"PRAYER CHANGES THINGS"

Just as really, things are changed around the world when a man loosens out that spirit current of prayer. There is a missionary in China. It is his first year. He is still pegging away with the language. It's hard work. Will he ever get iU He is a bit tired, a bit nervous, not yet acclimated. He has none of the inspiration of service yet. He says to himself, "Did I make a mistake in coming out here~ I might have been useful back home and . . . " And, even as he is talking, something like a bit of fresh air blows in upon his spirit, he digs his heels in, and braces up afresh with new courage and says to himself: "Ah, the Master did send me, and He will help me in getting the language." And all because some fellow out in Jersey or in Indiana, perhaps a shipping clerk hammering in the nails, prayed for him. The fellow hammering the nails here did not know, and the fellow out there did not know, but the man here touched the prayer button and things out there were changed by it.

Or, there is a fellow in India who has been a Christian only six months. The ground gets pretty slippery under his feet one day, and a whole heredity is pulling him back to the old evil standard. He is nearly gone. But he stops and says, "I must not do this; I must be true to this ,resus.' , And he digs his heels in, and locks his jaw, and says, "No" to the temptation, and goes along without slipping. Why~ Because some one over here was praying.

Ah! God's best friend in the old world to-day is the man who will put his heart in full touch with ,resus and out of touch with the com- promise atmosphere of the earth, and put prayer in the pivot place in his life.

Let me use the electrical figure again. I have been talking about the current. He who "insulates" himself, heart and life, from the compromise spirit round about him, and puts himself in full touch with the Lord Jesus ~yonder in the place of power, and who as the Spirit guides, goes his faithful round, doing the simple commonplace task, but every day wears down a bit flatter the doorsill into the prayer corner and uses the spir-it switchboard, he changes things round the world.

Jesus was a big man, a world man. And the Jesus-man is a worldman in size. Jesus died for a world. He asks us to live for it. And we live for it best as we make prayer the pivot, and let everything else grow out of the prayer life, and circle round about the prayer pivot.

One afternoon, just outside of London, a lady spoke to my wife and said: "I was reading in a pook that said' prayer changes things.' I believe that, of course, but I wondered if it were so." She is like some of her neighbors in America. Then she went on to say that she had a brother in Oalcutta, a fourth or a third the way around the world, who was not a Ohristian. She had prayed for him, and she had spoken to him, but he had rebuffed her until she had lost heart, which meant she had practically lost faith, which meant she had lost the power out of her prayer. And now she was set to thinking about it again. She asked herself, "If I pray in London will something happen in Oalcutta 1 This book that I have been reading says it will."

Now there was a fresh touch with the Master. Her heart began burning anew under that touch. She began anew to pray, to pray for this brother, to. pray that something would happen in Oalcutta while she was praying in London. And in the course of her family correspondence she put a question in the letter to her brother, not directly asking what she wanted to know, but a question. She asked, "Has anything unusual happened to you lately'" The letter went, and in due course an answer came back, taking weeks in transit. His letter spoke of the usual family matters, and then he said, "You ask if anything unusual has happened to me lately. Yes, something has happened. Last (naming the time) I began thinking about God. I remembered what mother had taught us, and I knew my life was not right, :and my heart was not pure, and I tried to push the whole thing aside. But it wouldn't push, and I slipped into my room one day, and I knelt there and took our mother's Savior as my Savior; and so this has happened, I have become a Christian."

"I wonder if you can feel as my words can not say, the almost feverish eagerness," this lady went on, "with which I thought back to the time when I prayed, and my feelings when, after a moment's thought, I knew that the time of which he spoke was the time when my new prayer began." She touched the prayer button, and a man -and the hardest thing to change is not money, it is a man, the hardest thing to bend is a human will- a man's will was bent; he was changed in Calcutta because she went to the switchboard of prayer in London.

Shall we pray' Shall we put prayer firsH Shall we make this our pivot~ Jesus has never failed us. Jesus never fails a man. God did not fail us. God never fails us. May we not fail Him, in putting prayer things first, for Jesus' sake, for a world's sake, in Jesus' great Name.

apanese

In response to the Editor's request, Han. T. Tanaka, the Japanese Charge d' Affaires at Washington has sent us the following statement as to the influence of Christianity on the Japanese, their ideals and customs.

–EDITOR.

CHRISTIANITY has more than anything else diffused among our people the notion of international brother- hood. Secluded as we were from the outer world for more than two centuries, we had very little conception of what the rest of the human beings were doing in the meanwhile. At least the mass of people thought that we were the only civilized nation existent on the globe. Commodore Perry's expedition and many other events brought about the opening of the country, and the denizens of the island empire became more and more alive to their real international position. The scales were falling from their eyes and their points of view were gradually being broadened. However, nobody could deny the tender influences of Christianity which is giving the final touch to their catholicity of mind.

It would be amiss if I failed to mention the enormous benefit Christianity is contributing to Japan in the line of women's education and philanthropic works, which would never have attained their present magnitude and development but for the guiding hand of foreign missionaries.

I believe that in Japan freedom of conscience obtains more than In any other country; but religions will become the integral part of a nation only when they are thoroughly acclimatized. I hope and believe that in the fulness of time a real Japanese Christianity will evolve and be a beacon light in the path of the Japanese people in the progress of civilization.

THE TESTIMONY OF COUNT OKUMA Count Okuma, the recent Prime Minister of Japan, publicly made the following statement regarding the past and the future of Christianity in Japan. This is especially striking in view of the fact that half a century ago death was the penalty to those who became Christians.

A LTHOUGH Christianity has enrolled less than two hun- dred thousand believers, yet the indirect influence of Christianity has poured into every realm of Japanese life. -It has been borne to us on all the currents of European civilization; most of all, the English language and literature, so surcharged with Christian ideas, have exerted a wide and deep influence over Japanese thought.

Concerning the future it is my own conviction that no practical solution of many pressing problems is in sight apart from Christianity.

'l'HJj) LA'l'E AR'l'HUR

l!'ormerly President of the Allahabad ChrIstian College. (Now the Arthur Ewing Christian College)

Influence of a Life in

A GLIMPSE INTO THE LIFE OF THE LATE ARTHUR H. EWING * BY PROF. MOHAMMED ISMAIL Professor of Arabic and Persian. Ewing Ohristian Oollege, Allahabad, India.

For twenty-one years (1890-1912), A.rthur H. Ewing, a brilliant scholar, labored in India and became known and loved for his Christlike character. He died September 13, 1913. .This testimony of one of the Indian Christian converts from 181am is inspiring.

I "vAS brought up a Moslem, but from 1890 to 1893 I was a secret believer. In January I confessed the Lord Jesus Ohrist openly, and consequently was driven out of home and deprived of every~ thing that would have been mine had I not taken the step. But that was not all-I had to run for my life from place to place. In Lahore, I was ill-treated and robbed of the little money I had by a Ohristian. That wolf dressed in sheep's clothing was caught, and I got back my money; but it was a great shock to me spiritually, and I began to doubt whether Ohrist would deliver me from the power of sin. In March, 1894, I went to Ludhiana, where I was a perfect stranger and knew nobody. I was a youth of eighteen and had studied only up to the middle class; but in religious literature I was a little ahead of my age, and knew Arabic and Persian well enough to be a teacher in some school. In my first interview with Dr. Arthur H. Ewing, he made a great impression upon me, and I felt drawn to him. He made me a pupil-teacher, and I settled down in his school. Within a few weeks he won my love and respect, and I began to feel myself brought in direct contact with a truly Ohristian life.

One of my classmates was known as the bully of the school. He was a terror to the little boys, and the teachers were tired of him, and his character was so unsatisfactory that there was hardly a day on which nothing was brought against him. He did something very hideous, and it was thought best, for the good of other boys, to expel him from the school. All the boys and the teacher assembled in the prayer hall, delighted to see him punished and sent away from our school; but there was one face that looked quite sad and still loving. It was the face of the truly sympathetic teacher and friend of all who were entrusted to him. He knew that the unfortunate young man belonged to a very poor family; had thrown away his chances, as far as his education was concerned, and, now, with a black mark against him, was going out into the world where he would be surrounded by greater temptations. These thoughts weighed so heavily upon his tender heart that when, at the end, he got up to offer a prayer for the expelled young man, he was choked and could not utter a single word. He made a sign to the headmaster who prayed. I saw tears • A contribution to the proposed biography of Dr. Ewing.

rolling down Dr. Ewing's cheeks. It was the first time that I saw the great man, full of vibrating vitality. broken and overpowered with grief. I can not describe the effect it had on me; but I would like to tell that it melted the heart of the young man who was expelled from the school. He repented of his sins, became entirely a new man, and now is a preacher of the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Once, in the rainy season, a low field, near the school, was flooded and the owner, who was physically weak, asked his neighbors and relatives to help him; nobody came to his help. The man came actually crying to Dr. Ewing and told his story. Within a few minutes Dr. Ewing was seen with a spade on his shoulders, sleeves and trousers rolled up, and wading through knee-deep water, going to help the poor man. Many of the boys followed him. For about two hours he worked with the spade. The boys helped him, and the field of corn was saved.

My stay at the school, for two years, was most delightful. I passed my entrance examination and got a scholarship; but the prospect of going to college could not help me to make up my mind to go away from the dearest teacher and friend as Dr. Ewing had become. But, in obedience to his advice, I went to Lahore and entered the Forman Christian College, but constantly dreamed of Ludhiana, and longed to get back. His letters comforted me a great deal, and occasionally some business took him to Lahore; and whenever I was able I made a trip to Ludhiana and enjoyed a visit with him, and satisfied my soul by looking at the dear face which has left a permanent impression upon my heart.

One of my friends promised to bear my expenses at college, and I gave my scholarship to another poor student; but after about six months, that friend was compelled to discontinue. I did not know what to do. I had no money to pay for my board, so I told the messmanager not to have anything cooked for me. For two days I went without any food. On the third day I was unable to move about and had to confine myself to my room. Meanwhile, some business brought Dr. Ewing to Lahore, and he learned from his brother, Principal J. C. R. Ewing, that I was absent from the college. He came to my room to see me, and as soon as he looked at me, he was able to dis- cover that there was something wrong with me. r could not refuse to tell him what it was, and when I told, he said: "Ah! foolish boy, why didn't you send me word at once? r really feel hurt. You did not believe that I was your friend and would help you. Whenever you are in a tight place always let me know." r can not tell what he did, for he told me not to tell anyone.

r was still at college when he went back to America, on furlough, and by the time he came to India to found a college at Allahabad, I had left Lahore and was working under Dr. E. M. Wherry, in Ludhiana, in connection with the Christian Literature Society, but as

THE INFLUENCE OF A LIFE IN INDIA

soon as the college at Allahabad was started I told Dr. Wherry of my intention to go to Allahabad. He thought, perhaps, some higher salary was tempting me, and said: "If you are going for the sake of money I won't let you go." But I told him that it was not the money, but the man. So eventually, with Dr. Wherry's permission, I wrote to Dr. Ewing. He answered and said: "If Dr. Wherry has no objection, then come and see the place, and, in case you should finally decide to come, we will plan accordingly." In the last week of February, 1904, I came and found him marking the ground for the new high school building and carrying about bricks with his own hands. I spent a few days with him, then went back to Ludhiana, and on the 8th of July came back to Allahabad and joined the staff of the new college on half the salary I was drawing at Ludhiana.

From July, 1904, to September, 1912, I had the good fortune of working with him and knowing things of him which are of very great value to me and to many other members of the college. Apart from his private life, which is too sacred to be described by a worthless man as I am, he was a pillar of light to those who came in contact with him and saw him perform the varied duties of every day.

As the principal of the college, he knew every individual student by name. In his time, the number of college students went up to 350 (with 800 in the high-school), and it seemed that he had the picture of everyone of them in his brain, together with the name.

In the staff meetings, whenever a student was discussed, he never had to ask the question, "Who is this fellow1" or "What does he look like 1" The secret of this was that he was a personal friend of every student, and helped his memory- by constantly associating with the students. He took part in their games, invited them to his house, in groups, almost every week, while Mrs. Ewing entertained them with tea and many different kinds of cake, and also tried to teach them etiquette-especially how to behave in the presence of ladies. She still remembers many of them and, as I know for certain, all of them have a very high regard for her.

Dr. Ewing knew the circumstances of almost every student and for those who needed help he was. always able to find some means to help them. In matters of discipline he was very strict; but nobody ever thought he was unkind. On the contrary, love and good will were manifest in all his dealings, and those who were disciplined always felt confident that Dr. Ewing did every thing for their good, though they could not see and understand it clearly at the time.

In cases of illness he did all in his power and risked his life. Once two students got cholera. They were at once segregated and Dr. Ewing himself ministered unto them, from the beginning to the end, while some people looked at them from a safe distance and some he himself told not to come near, fearing they might take infection to their families. His love and service were not limited and confined

to students and professors and their families, but he went about doing good to the outside world as well. Once a leper, being tired of his miserable life, threw himself into a well and it was Dr. Ewing who touched the untouchable and pulled the dead body out.

At a considerable distance from the mission compound a woman died of plague, in an upper room, and none of the neighbors came forward to help the husband take her body down. He came to the mission and learned from the church-bearer (the janitor) that if he went to Dr. Ewing he would receive all the help he required. He came to Dr. Ewing and told his sad story. Was he disappointed 7 No, Dr. Ewing went at once with him to his house. The stairway was so narrow that the dead body could not be brought down that way, but there was a large window. So Dr. Ewing tied the dead woman to the bed, lifted the bed on his own back, placed it in the window, and then let it down by means of a rope. After doing everything that was to be done, and making every necessary arrangement for the burial, the man of God returned home. There are many other similar and nobler deeds done by him, to which I have been an eye-witness; but I am afraid he would not like me to speak of them.

As a scholar and philosopher Dr. Ewing was undoubtedly one of the best; but he had no pretentions and never boasted of his literary attainments. He was so busy in doing things that he had no time to speak of them. I have never known another man as willing and able to see things from other people's points of view, as Dr. Ewing was. To everything he did, whether great or small, he devoted all his energy and attention, and tried to do everything to the best of his ability. Even in the little things, like games, he was never satisfied with anything less than putting in every ounce of his self.

He was, physically, very strong and, intellectually, wonderfully bright. He occupied many responsible positions at the same time, and every position he filled in such a way as if he had nothing else to do. The amount of work he did, and the things he accomplished in the course of twenty-one years, it is hardly conceivable that any man could do. But the real glory of the man was in his moral strength. He always took time for prayer in deciding things, consulted others, and did not despise the opinion of anyone; but when he had decided anything in the way he thought right, then it was easier to move a mountain than to change his decision. He made the best possible use of the powers God had given him; but above all things he depended on God for every thing; and this sense of dependence, coupled with his firm faith in God under all circumstances and his love for God and humanity, was the secret of his marvelous success in life.

:My heart is full of thankfulness to God for the blessing of the consecrated life of Dr. Ewing, which has proved a blessing to me and to many of my friends and relatives. :May He give me grace to follow the footprints of the beloved teacher who shall never be forgotten, and whom I hope to meet again beyond the river.

Religious Question In

A STATEMENT BY HON. LUIS CABRERA The following authoritative statement concerning the much-dJiscussed religious question in Mexico is by the head of the Mexican Commrission sitting with the representatives of the United States at Atlantic City. It would be difficult to name anyone more capable of clarifying this sub- ject than Licenciado Cabrera. After General Carranza and Secretary of War Obregon, he is probably the most influential citizen in Mexico. Edu- cated in his own country, in France, Spain and the United States, he is not only a lawyer and well-trained dJiplomat" but an author.ity on inter- national questions. He occupied for some time the position of Confi- dential Agent of t,he Constitutional Government in Washington, and was later appointed lIIinister of Finance.-EDITOR.

T HE question of the Church in Mexico has not been well under- stood in the United States, because the conditions of the Mexican Catholic Church differ vastly from those of the Catholic Church in the United States. . . . Before the war of the Reform (1856 to 1859), the Catholic Church was the strongest temporal power existing in Mexico, and the laws of the Reform enacted during that period all tended to deprive the Church of its power and bring about the absolute independence of Church and State.

The laws of the Reform are a collection of rules passed previous to 1860, with the aim of depriving the Catholic Church of its temporal power; and these rules have remained effective, because the conditions which then demanded their enactment still prevail and still make it necessary that the laws should remain in force.

The principal laws enacted previous to 1860, for governing the Church and stripping it of the temporal power which it enjoyed, are the following: (a) Separation of the Church and State. (b) Incapacity of the Church to possess landed property. (c) Abolition of convents. These laws of the Reform were established in Mexico after a revolution which may be considered the most bloody that Mexico has ever witnessed-a revolution which affected the country more deeply than even the present revolution is doing. The clergy defended themselves desperately against the laws which stripped them of power, and on finding themselves defeated, they resorted, in 1860, to the inter" vention of foreign Powers (Spain, France and England), which attempted to intervene on the pretext of the fulfilment of the financial obligations of the Juarez Government. The treason of the Clerical party had, as a result, French intervention only, out the laws of the Reform enacted against the clergy were of such importance and so necessary, that the Emperor Maxi-

milian himself did not dare to undo what had been done in the time of Juarez.

The French troops being withdrawn and the Constitutionalist Government of Mexico reestablished, the laws of the Reform were not only maintained, but in 1874 they were incorporated in the political Constitution.

It becomes necessary at this moment to distinguish between the real aims of the Constitutionalist Government regarding the religious question, and that part of the actual happenings which is merely a deplorable consequence of the attitude assumed by the Catholic clergy since 1910 against the revolutionary movement.

The aim of the Constitutionalist Government with regard to the Mexican Catholic Church, is to enforce the strict observance of the laws known as laws of the Reform, which up to the present time have been disregarded. '.rhe Constitutionalist Government demands the fulfilment of these laws, because they form an integral part of the Mexican Oonstitution. These laws must be maintained because the causes which demanded their enactment are still prevalent in the country.

A brief analysis of the principal laws of the Reform will further clear up the matter.

THE SEPARATION OF THE CHURCH AND STATE According to the Mexican Constitution, there must be absolute separation between the Church and State. This signifies that the Church is to lack all temporal power and that, as an organized institution, it is not to participate in the political affairs of the country.

It has never been intended to deny Mexican Catholics either the exercise of their religion, or their right to take part in the political affairs of Mexico. We Constitutionalists are Catholics; the Villistas are Catholics; the Zapatistas are Catholics. Ninety-nine per cent of the Mexican population is Oatholic, and, therefore, the Oonstitutionalist party could not in the present struggle attempt to deprive the Catholics, who form the totality of the Mexican people, of their right to profess their religion, or of their right to take part in political questious.

The Catholic clergy and the Church in general abstained for a long time from interference in the political problems of Mexico. During the time of General Diaz, the Catholic clergy made no attempt to organize themselves for political campaigns, but appeared to maintain themselves in strict obedience to the law, in the belief, perhaps, that they could avail themselves of other indirect proceedings for exercising their influence in the political affairs of the country.

On the retirement of General Diaz from the Government, and on Francisco de la Barra's accession to the Presidency, the Catholic clergy of Mexico believed the moment had arrived to organize themselves for the political struggle, and to that effect a political group

THE RELIGIOUS QUESTION IN MEXICO

was formed, under the patronage of the Catholic clergy, made up chiefly of big land-owners. This group took the name of "Catholic Party," with deliberate intention of taking advantage of the religious sentiments of the population to induce it to vote in conformity with their directions. The Catholic clergy started to make propaganda in favor of the Catholic party, first in a discreet manner, bringing moral pressure to bear upon the ignorant masses, who were unable to discern clearly where their duties as Catholics ceased, and where began their rights as citizens.

The Catholic party is, in a nutshell, the political organization of the Catholic Church in Mexico. This single fact constitutes a peril for democratic institutions, and was naturally bound to be looked upon with great disfavor by the anti-reelectionist party, first, and later by the Constitutionalist party.

At the time that de la Barra was President, the Catholic party attempted to rob the revolution of the fruits of its triumph, designating de la Barra as its candidate for the Presidency of the Republic. The considerable prestige which Madero enjoyed at that time frustrated this attempt of the Catholic party, which had to limit its pretensions to the Vice-Presidency of the Republic, resigning itself to have as President, Madero, a man sprung from the revolution; and as Vice-President, de la Barra, a man perfectly well known as belonging to the ancient regime and the principal leader of the Catholic party.

In the elections of October, 1911, the formula of .the progressive Constitutionalist party triumphed over the Madero-de 1a Barra formula, which was that of the party of the principal enemies of the Catholic government, but from that moment that of the enemies of the Government of Francisco 1. Madero.

In the elections for deputies and senators of 1912, the Catholic party succeeded in obtaining a considerable number of deputies, amounting to almost 30 per cent. of the Lower House; while the Senate, which was almost completely made up of Porfirista elements, was only renewed by half and scarcely obtained eight or ten senators as followers of the new regime.

The Catholic clergy of Mexico, directly and through the intervention of the Catholic Party, were among the principal factors in the downfall of Madero, and although perhaps Huerta was not the candidate designated to replace him, the fact is that the Clerical chief, de la Barra, formed part of the Cabinet which resolved upon the murder of Madero and Pino Suarez.

Subsequently, the party obtained important posts for its principalleaders in the Government of. Huerta, and finally supported the candidacy of Federico Gamboa.

It is unnecessary to enter into details regarding the decided assistance lent socially by the clergy, and the political support given

by the Catholic party, to Huerta, with both their men and money. But the principal assistance given by the Catholic clergy to the Government of Huerta was contained in the efforts made by their principal dignitaries and other members of the high clergy to create an opinion, if not favorable to Huerta, at least very unfavorable to Constitutionalists.

This end was accomplished, not through the individual means that any citizen is at liberty to place at the disposal of a political party, but by taking advantage of the religious influence exercised by the Catholic clergy over the faithful, from the pulpit and in the confessional.

During the war against Huerta, one of the things which most greatly surprised the Constitutionalists was the extremely hostile and unjust opinion encountered by them in each of the towns which they came to occupy. It was in the nature of a paradox.

The strongest armed resistance that the Constitutionalist party encountered in .the cities, in the form of social defense, was not an opposition caused by the sympathy which the residents of the cities might have experienced in favor of Huerta, but was originated in the antipathy which had been created against the Constitutionalist forces, whom the Catholic clergy on all occasions represented as bandits who were intent on seizing the towns solely for the purposes of plunder, theft, violation of women, and murder. This opinion had its source in sermons, in the confessionals, and in an extensive correspo:Qdence, proofs of which have been secured.

The work done by the clergy in creating an opinion antagonistic to the Constitutionalist troops explains, if it can not justify, many of the acts of aggression, and even attempts of Constitutionalist soldiers against members of the Catholic clergy.

Since the triumph of the revolution, there has been on the part of the Constitutionalist Government no other aim with regard to the clergy than that of restricting them within the limits of their facilities and of their spiritual mission, that of making effective the separation of the Church and the State, and of keeping the clergy from taking any participation, as a religious institution, in our political questions. But a political struggle having developed, it is natural that the military groups should come under strong displeasure, especially laboring under the effects of the clerical propoganda against the revolution, and that, instead of limiting themselves to restrain the clergy within due bounds, they should overstep this limitation and even, on some occasions, attempt to interfere in matters of a purely religious character. The restriction of religious services in some places and the destruction of the confessionals are instances of this. The destruction of confessionals has been the most ostensible manifestation of the ill will with which the revolutionary troops have regarded the use that the Catholic clergy have made of the sacrament of confession as a weapon of political strife.

THE RELIGIOUS QUESTION IN MEXICO

If the Catholic clergy had maintained themselves within their religious attributes, without interfering in the struggle, and, what is more, if they had not put in action the advantages which they derive from. their capacity of intellectual directors of the masses, the counter-effects on the part of the Hevolutionary troops would not have occurred.

It is unnecessary to repeat that the Constitutional Government itself has never pretended to interfere in religious matters, or to restrain in any manner the religious liberty of the Mexican people. The Constitutionalist Government does not propose to establish laws which affect religion, nor does it in any way propose to restrict religious practices.

The course of action followed by the Constitutionalist Government justifies this statement, since, owing to the influence of the First Chief of the Revolution, Venustiano Carranza, the military acts which were considered restrictive of religious liberty have been diminishing in number and in gravity.

PROPERTIES OF THE CHURCH The Mexican Constitution and the laws of the Reform determine that neither the Catholic Church nor any other religious corporation, regardless of character, denomination, duration or object, can own landed property.

The reason for this ordinance is that the Catholic clergy constituted, previous to 1856, the strongest economic power existing in the country.

In 1856, an attempt was made to disentail the properties of the clergy, that is, to destroy the mortmain, compelling the clergy to alienate their landed property. This was the tendency of the laws of disentailment.

The clergy vigorously resisted this law, believing that their economic power was thus considerably reduced, and with this motive started the struggle called the War of the Reform or Three Years' War.

The laws of 1856 did not expropriate the clergy, but in view of the laHers' completely rebellious attitude, in 1859 Benito Juarez issued In Vera Cruz a law called "Nationalization of the Lands of the Clergy," by which was expropriated all the landed property of the Catholic clergy who had resisted and struggled against the disentailment of these lands.

In virtue of this law, the temples became national property, the titles of ownership remaining in the hands of the State, but the usufruct of the same being reserved to the Catholic Church. As to the clergy's landed property and real estate investments, these were turned over to the nation and awarded to individuals.

The vital point of the laws of the Reform regarding the Catholic

clergy lies in the declaration of civil incapacity of religious corporations to own lands. This meaSUI'e, though it may appear extreme, was absolutely necessary in 1859, in order to deprive the clergy of their temporal power. The measure still continues to be absolJItely indispensable, because if religious corporations were at this moment permitted to acquire landed property, a considerable mortmain would immediately be created, from which a great amount of power would again be derived by the Catholic Church, who would thus recover their temporal power, which all countries have admitted should not be tolerated. Moreover, it can be said that the reason for which the Catholic Church of Mexico has taken, as a Church, participation in the political struggle, and attempts to recover its influence and its temporal power, is that for several years past it has been successfully evading the law in so far as regards the possession of lands.

A.ccording to the Mexican law, the Oatholic Ohurch is incapacitated from acquiring lands, by which is understood not only landed property, but also capital invested in real estate.

The Mexican law also prohibits the feoffments which might cause the property to appear in the hands of an individual, when it really belongs to the Church, or is used exclusively for the benefit of the Church.

Feoffments from bishop to bishop are not permitted in Mexico, and the estates owned by members of the clergy are considered as their personal property, to be freely transmitted to the voluntary or legal inheritors of the owners.

The estates of a bishop in Mexico, when not acquired through agreement or bequest, are to be transmitted to his legal inheritors.

For a long time past, Mexican bishops, rectors and even a number of laymen have been owning lands which apparently are their personal property, but the products of which in reality are destined to be turned over to the ChUI'ch. These lands effectually constitute a mortmain, because their owners, before dying, have to bequeath them to the persons previously designated by the Church, whether to the succeeding bishop or to any other person especially designated to that effect.

Briefly, it can be said that the Catholic Church, transgressing the law which prohibits it from acquiring landed property, has found means of necessary, just and legal appearance for possessing lands, which have served it to recover little by little its political influence.

A.s regards the temples, since the passing of the laws of the Reform, the ownership has been retained to the State, their use being reserved to the Catholic Church. In fact, the Catholic Church has for many years used the temples without restriction of any kind and without paying rents, pensions or contributions of any sort.

The limiting of the number of temples which are needed in each place for religious services would have to be left to the judgment of

THE RELIGIOUS QUESTION IN MEXICO

the Church; but as the Catholic clergy of Mexico exercise absolute control in religious matters, without intervention of any kind by the community, that is, by the parishioners, in the administration of the estates or in the management of the temporal interests of the parishes, or still less in the organization of the religious services, there is nothing to serve as a basis for determining the number of temples required by a certain parish or a certain city.

It is, therefore, with the State alone that the Church can come to an understanding regarding the number of temples to be reserved for the service, and the Government, as administrator of the nation's property, has the unquestionable right to dispose of the temples, when required for uses which, in its estimation, are of higher impor- , tance than the religious service, and above all, when, because of the abundance of temples in a single city, the number of those available for religious services is considered excessive.

A population of 10,000 inhabitants has enough with one or two temples open for worship; however, there are towns, such as the City of Cholula, in which the number of churches is so great in proportion to the population that a source of real curiosity is found by tourists in the vast number of temples, all of which are open for service, all affording occupation to priests, and, therefore, signifying a strong contribution on the part of the faithful.

Puebla is a city of 100,000 inhabitants, and it is curious to note that, until the time of its occupation by the Constitutionalist Army, it had nearly 200 temples open to the public.

Up to the present time, the number of temples destined for public service in each place has been unlimited. The Government, notwithstanding its unquestionable right to dispose of the buildings and to determine which a.re those that should be reserved for religious services and which can be destined for other purposes, had not limited the number of temples which the Catholic Church controlled.

Lately, however, the attitude assumed by the clergy against the Constitutionalist revolution brought about the closing of certain temples to religious services by a number of military chiefs and State Governors, on their capturing towns.

This could be regarded as an act of hostility, or as a sort of reprisal against the Catholic clergy, but in reality, and even supposing that such were the case, the closing of some of the temples, which never reached the extent of the total closing up of all the churches in a town, does not constitute an illegal act and is not censurable except in so far as regards the occasion on which it occurred, which, on the other hand, was elicited by the attitude of the clergy themselves.

In substance: as regards goods and chattels, the Catholic Church has full capacity to acquire and handle property. But in so far as landed property is concerned, the Mexican Constitution forbids the

Catholic Church to own teal estate or capital invested in the same, and the only right granted the Church by the laws is to maintain the temples immediately or directly destined to religious service.

MONASTIC ORDERS AND CONVENTS The laws of the Reform established the abolition of all convents and of all religious associations of monastic life. The monastic orders existing in Mexico, not only those of a merely contemplative nature, but also those of an educational and charitable nature, were abolished in virtue of these laws.

In 1874 they even went so far as to abolish the charity institution known as "Sisters of Charity," and the other regular orders, especially those of the Jesuits, were then expelled.

The abolition of the monastic orders in Mexico was a measure clearly taken in defense of human liberty, which was found to be threatened by them.

This was esp,ecially so in regard to women, whose education was still very deficient, so that they were not in a condition to defend their liberty when the tremendous moral pressure of parents and relatives was brought to bear upon them in order to force them to enter a convent.

The Mexican woman, particularly the one who possessed riches in her own right, was always exposed to the danger of seeing her liberty restricted by her entrance into a convent, where it became impossible to prove that her permanence there was not absolutely voluntary.

The laws of the Reform completely abolish the monastic orders, and within the principle established by them, all religious congregations of a monastic character must be dismembered.

The existence of these orders was tolerated in the time of General Diaz. Many of them constituted an open violation of the law, others, chiefly the French educational orders, tried to conform themselves to the laws of public instruction and acquired greater freedom of action in their work.

On the fall of General Huerta and the inauguration of the Constitutionalist Government in the principal cities of the RepUblic, ~everal monastic orders were abolished, and as the members of these Here mostly foreigners, the majority voluntarily expatriated themselves.

It is not true that the nuns were made victims of such offences as have been attributed to the members of the Constitutionalist army. The only occurrence has been the dispersion of several religious groups, whose members have withdrawn to foreign countries.

1916J THE RELIGIOUS QUESTION IN MEXICO

RESUME The religious question in Mexico can be summarized as follows: 1. The aims of the Constitutionalist Government regarding the Catholic Church are not such as might be inferred from the isolated acts which, as a consequence of the war, and above all, of the intervention ofthe clergy in our political contentions, the Catholic Church has on several occasion had to undergo. 2. The conditions of the Catholic Church in Mexico are totally different from the conditions of the same Church in the United States. 3. The laws of the Reform establish a determined condition for the Catholic Church in Mexico, which is totally different from the condition which it has according to the laws of the United States. 4. The said Jaws of the Reform correspond to a situation which is peculiar to Latin-America, and the laws in question are absolutely indispensable in order to deprive the Catholic Church of the temporal power which it had before the War of the Reform. 5. These laws must subsist at the present time, because the social conditions which made them requisite are still prevalent. 6. During recent years the Catholic Church in Mexico was entirely lawless, transgressing the regulations of the Mexican Constitution and of the laws of the Reform. 7. The intervention of the clergy in political matters, the possession of landed property on the part of the clergy, and the existence of convents, are acts wholly illegal and violative of the Constitution. Briefly, whatever abuses or excesses which, without the knowledge and without the consent of the Government, may have been committed, are far from having the importance which is attributed to them, and are nothing more than a consequence of the conditions in which the same Catholic Church placed itself on taking an active part in the struggle against the Constitutionalist revolution. The Constitutionalist Government has tried and continues trying to reduce to a minimum the possible reprisals against the Church. The Constitutionalist Government intends, at the same time, to maintain the absolute separation of the Church and State, and proposes to make effective the abolition of the monastic orders existing in Mexico, and, above all, of those of a merely contemplative character. To sum up, the Constitutionalist Government proposes to give full guarantees in reJigious matters to the exercise of any cult, but strictly enforces the observance of the laws of the Reform and of the Mexican Constitution.

Indians of South

BY H. C. TUCKER, D.D., RIO DE .JANEIRO, BRAZIL Agent of the American Bible Society It is not the purpose of this paper to deal with the phases of the South American missionary problem involved in the condlition of the Roman Catholic Church there. Our object is to call attention to the extent, and some of the conditions of the great interior of South America, to awaken interest and to start investigation along the lines relating di- rectly to the responsibility of Protestant missionary occupation of this ter- ritory.-H.C.T.

ON the most authentic maps of South America are to be found large regions designated as yet unexplored. Roughly stated, we might say these constitute a vast territory reaching from the Equator on the North to points beyond the Tropic of Capricorn on the South, and from 50° West Longitude to 70° and at points 75° West. In other words, a section embracing a territory of 2,500,000 square miles, about five-sixteenths of the entire area of South America.

Protestant Missions have a responsibility because of the commercial expansion and industrial developments that must speedily come through this region, attracting thousands of men from many different parts of the world.

It is true that the thousands now inhabiting this unoccupied mission field are few in numbers compared to the millions in the unoccupied fields of Asia and Africa; and yet they constitute a legitimate part of the problem of "Carrying the Gospel to all the non-Christian world." Eight of the ten republics in South America has each a considerable Indian population, which in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Argentina, Paraguay and others, is sufficiently large to form a part of the economic, social and political problems of these countries. Let us look at the facts with reference to Brazil. Senhor Couto de Magalhaes made three journeys of exploration from Buenos Aires, at the mouth of the La Plata River in Argentina, to Para, at the mouth of the Amazon River in Brazil. In 1876 he stated that two-thirds of the territory of Brazil could not yet be peacefully inhabited by civilized people because of the savage Indian tribes scattered over this vast territory. Brazil has an area of 3,218,130 square miles, which, according to the writer's statement, gives about 2,000,000 square miles as inhabited at that time by the savage red men. He also says that Brazil ought to endeavor to teach the Indians the Portuguese language, and in this way one million more persons already acclimated would be most useful in the development of the great interior of the country, and in preparing the way for the white man. "In the interior, that is, beyond the line occupied by the savages that are in contact with us, there exist powerful nations (tribes) that have not yet attracted our attention, because the backwoods of the interior, which has by no means been traversed or known, is so immense. The basin of the Xingu River alone is greater than France, and there is no record that a Christian ever touched it." A few years after this was written, two German explorers went some distance up the Xingu River and reported that they had discovered two large tribes of Indians who had never before seen a white man. In 1884 Senhor J. Capistrano de Abreu, a Brazilian and philologist of note, confirmed the opinion of Dr. Oouto de Magalhaes that the wild Indians in Brazil WHAT SOME SOUTH AMERICANS WORSHIP A group of Indians and two of their idols number not less than one million. The census of 1890 gave the Indian population at 1,295,000.

Mr. Magalhaes says: "To accomplish the task of civilizing these Indians will be to bring about the realization of that sublime command that Ohrist entrusted to all Ohristian people with reference to a barbarous people in the following sublime words of the Gospel: 'Go ye to those who sit in the shadows and darkness of death and direct their steps in the way of Peace!' "

The Brazilian Government has recently taken up the problem with some definite purpose, and has organized a department for the protection of the Indians, and for locating native laborers. This department has sent out groups of men through different states, who are endeavoring to establish agricultural and industrial centers for civil-

izing and instructing these scattered tribes. If we are to believe the frequent reports in the papers, those engaged in this service are making commendable headway. The laws of June 20, 1910, author- izing this work, are liberal and interesting. The State is entirely foreign to the propagation of any religious ideas or practises among the Indians, but grants perfect liberty to the ministers of religion to visit them and invite them to their churches or places of worship. Lieut. Plino Mario de Carvalho presented, under date of March 22, 1910, to the Department of Agriculture, a detailed and interesting report on eleven tribes inhabiting a section of the State of Matto Grosso through which the Federal Government is projecting a railroad. He concludes his report by saying, "It is certain that further interior, on the plains as well as along the tributaries of the great rivers there exist tribes more numerous and war-like." An editor of an English paper published in Rio de Janeiro recently said: "The way in which the Government has guietly been sending its emissaries into the interior to gain the confidence of the Indian population and thus tap this great source of labor, is most satisfactory. The President states that cordial relations are now being established with many of the tribes, some of them still in a nomad condition. In Matto Grosso, where- the Indians were a source of a great deal of trouble and of actual hostilities, they have now been so far brought into line that many of them are working on the construction of telegraph lines in those regions, and thus, as the President says, are working hand in hand with civilization in advancing the progress of the country. Undoubtedly the Indians constitute a great reserve force in Brazil, and one which should be utilized with all possible despatch."

Governments may accomplish great and commendable things for the civilization and uplift of such backward and long-neglected tribes j but to the Church of Christ remains the task of Christianizing them and bringing them into a knowledge of real life and conscious fellowship with God, the Creator.

Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru and perhaps other countries have absorbed into their civilizations a larger element proportionately of their aboriginal population than Brazil. At the same time there still exist in all these republics considerable numbers of Indians in an uncivilized state. Sr. Mendo Vaz writing in a Rio de Janeiro paper said: "It is worth while to note that even after the explorations made last year by Major Fawcett in the region of the Heath River, Bolivia, there remains about 25,000 square kilometers probably never yet visited by a man of the white race."

It is estimated by some that the Indians unreached by civilization in the other countries of South America other than Brazil number several millions. It would be safe to say that there are from 5,000,000 to 8,000,000 of Red men still living in a wild state through the hea:r:t 9f the continent.

1916J THE INDIANS OF SOUTH AMERICA

There is also a vast undeveloped region in South America lying between the border of civilization that extends around the continent for a few hundred miles interior and those great sections of almost unexplored territory in the heart of South America. In this region are to be found several millions of souls in a semi-civilized state. Their religion is a strange mixture of paganism and perverted traditions of Roman Catholicism.

They have never had the Bible, know nothing of the real truth concerning Jesus Christ, the .only sufficient Savior of the world, worship supposedly miracle-working images, believe in pilgrimages and offerings at those shrines, and follow many pagan practises. Racially they are a mixture of Portuguese or Spanish with Indian and many times African descent. Thousands of them are the offspring of concubines that the early Portuguese and Spanish adventurers took in large numbers from the primitive races. Very few have any knowledge of letters, and their customs and modes of life are most primitive. The gold and diamonds on the earth's surface, wild game, an abundance of running water and fertile lands attracted adventurers and pioneers far into the interior; there they settled, amalgamated with Indians and have remained for more than a century undisturbed and unmolested by the great modern, progressive, busy outside world. These South Americans are even more backward and undeveloped than the Indians in North America. Their condition is more like that of the rustic mountaineers and undeveloped country people of the Philippine Islands. They have only partially adopted civilized customs and ways of living, and practise a few of the perverted outward observances of the Roman Catholic Church. I have visite-d communities that had not even seen a Catholic priest for seven years; I have seen many whose social customs and habits were most primitive, among whom there was scarcely anything like a marriage ceremony or an idea of the family. In the warm climate of the tropics, clothing was reduced to the minimum, if not altogether dispensed with. A section of the Government Commission now at work in behalf of the Indians reported a few days ago to have visited in the State of Maranhao, a community of which it is said, "The community composed of ex-slaves is hostile." The writer of the report says further, "I sought with gentleness and kindness to prove to them the benefits we were bringing. They received me with manifest antipathy, but we became good friends." There are many such communities scattered throughout the country.

If we estimate that 8,000,000 are living in this backward and but partially civilized state and that there are not less than 5,000,000 of Indians still in the wild State, and there may be more, we have at least 13,000,000 of souls in the unoccupied field of South America who must have consideration in an effort to carry the Gospel to all the non- Christian world.

EVANGELICAL MISSIONARY PREACHING IN SOUTH AMERICA IN THE OPEN

THE GIRLS' DORMITORY OF THE EL CRISTO BAPTIST SCHOOL NEAR SANTIAGO, CUBA CAUSE AND RESULT IN LATIN-AMERICA 'rhe preaching of the Gospel brings light to mind and soul, and leads to the establishment of Christian educational institutions

on l.Jatin-America

BY HAHHY WADE HlCT,S, NEW YORK GCllel'al Sccretary of the lll.ssionary Education ~10VCll1eHt The Latin-American Congress in Panama last February attracted attention to these Sister Republics. This description of available litera- titre is a valuable guide to the recent books on "The Two Americas"

-EDI'l'OR.

T HE people of the United States and other Anglo-Saxon nations need light on Latin America. Ohristian people in particular need light, for on their devotion to Ohristian work in Latin America largely depends the spread of evangelical truth among the eighty millions who constitute the population of the twenty republics to the south. No contribution made by any people to another equals that of the open Bible with its attendant blessings. The establishment and development of Ohristian churches in which the Bible is cherished and its teachings are made the basis of daily conduct is the objective of Ohristian work in Latin America. Every Ohristian therefore should be eager to learn of the conditions under which the Latin-American evangelical churches are growing. The abundant new literature on Latin America furnishes light.

There are many reasons for bringing new light to bear on the work of Ohristian missions as carried on in Mexico, Oentral and South America and the West Indies. These are well summarized by Robert E. Speer in the preface to Dr. McLean's "The Living Ohrist in Latin America" in the following words: "The opening of the Panama Oanal, the enlarged commercial relations of the American nations and their increasing friendliness and political good understanding, the pressure of the European war, the community of interests and endeavor in North and South America, and many other influences have united to strengthen at this time our interest in our neighboring peoples. The Panama Oongress on Ohristian Work in Latin America has drawn attention afresh to the duty of the churches of the United States and Oanada to draw nearer in sympathy and helpfulness to the evangelical churches in Latin America and to the people among whom they are doing their work."

Because of the extraordinary significance of the Panama Oongress, and the hope that out of it might come better understanding by the churches of Latin-American peoples and conditions, the missionary educational leaders of the Mission Boards two years ago agreed upon "The Two Americas," as the theme of united study in the churches for the year 1916-17.* A varied literature has therefore been prepared for study and • Because tbe Woman's Foreil,,'ll Missionary Societies had previously decided upon anotber subject of study and bad a few years before studied South America, it did not seem practicable for tbe Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of the United States to join in the current plans for Latin America.

reading within the next nine months, to be used in the churches whose boards maintain missions in Latin America. The five volumes in English, one in Portuguese, and one in Spanish, reporting the Panama Congress, now coming from the press, taken with the literature for systematic study in the churches, together furnish the light every Christian should have.

In order to make available the vast fund of information needed by Christian people in a form suitable for systematic reading and study, and to bring different ages into the plan, the following books have been prepared and issued by the Missionary Education Movement for use by the churches, obtainable from the mission boards:* "South American Neighbors," by Bishop Homer C. Stuntz, presenting in popular form for adults the present state of the missionary enterprise, the problems faced by evangelical churches and Christian leaders, the history, and results of Roman Catholicism in South America. This volume reveals the aspirations of the peoples for education, the attitude of Latin-Americans toward Anglo-Saxons and the Evangelical Church, and many other vital questions of current interest to those who should foster Christian Work in these lands.

"The Unity of the Americas," by Robert E. Speer, is a fourchapter book intended for laymen. Its use will be advocated in the series of laymen's conventions and ministers' conferences now being conducted throughout the United States by the Laymen's Missionary Movement. It will also be used by many mission boards. Its chief purpose is to show what are and what should be the uniting influences binding all the Americas together. When business between the Americas is developing at such an enormous rate, Christian business men should be leaders in friendly relations based on Christian sympathy, confidence and fair-dealing.

"The New World," by the Rev. Arthur R. Gray, is a book for adults presenting the work of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Latin-America. It lays special emphasis on the influence of European pioneers in Latin-America on the religious, social and political life to-day.

"The Living Christ for Latin-America," by Rev. J. H. McLean, is for use in Presbyterian churches, and deals with the work of that communion in South and Central America and Mexico.

In order to help local church leaders to conduct a parish-wide study of Latin-America, a literature for young people has been prepared to meet this need: "Makers of South America," by Margarette Daniels, is a book for high-school boys and girls, belonging to the Servants of the King Series. The book is biographical and in successive chapters sketches the lives of seven Latin-American national heroes, and five missionary leaders who were or are pioneers and heroes also.

• For prices see the advertisement at the end of this issue.

ttGHT ON LAT1N-AMERtcA

,'Martin, of Mansfeld," by Margaret R. Seebach, is for boys and girls from twelve to fifteen years of age. It is a captivating biogra- phy of Martin Luther, and is specially suited to the current program of reading, for in it is given the story of the religious leader who gave the Bible to Germany in the tongue of the people, conferring on them the untold blessings for which the Latin-American people as a whole even yet wait.

"The Land of the Golden Man," by Anita B. Ferris, bears upon child life in South America, and is intended for children of the Junior and early Intermediate ages. This book stands alone in the great multitude of volumes on Latin-America as suitable for use among children, in churches, schools and homes.

"Pictures on South America." Twenty-five selected pictures, printed on a large sheet with description, are for cutting out and pasting in scrap-books, by children.

"An Easter Program," for use in Sunday-schools, will bear upon the theme of Christ and international peace. "Christ of the Andes, " the statue of Christ erected between Chile and Argentina, is used prominently for illustration.

The majority of Christians, even those who believe in and sup- port Christian missions, have left Latin-America out of their study.

The readers of the REVIEW are therefore urged to secure and use these books, and to help pastors to inaugurate a church-wide program for the study of Latin-America this fall and winter. One of the best methods of starting interests in the study is to use one of the new stereopticon lectures on South America, Central America, and Cuba and Porto Rico, now being circulated by the Missionary Education Movement, or one of the lectures furnished by the mission boards on their work·in Latin-America. .

The literature reporting the Congress on Christian Work in Latin-America is of a different type. While it has not been prepared for use as text-books, the five volumes in English should be owned by every church leader who desires to keep ahead of his group by hav- ing perspective and background, and a vast reserve of knowledge of his subject. No subject of a missionary character has received such careful treatment in two or more decades, excepting possibly the Worid Missionary Conference at Edinburgh. The reading of these volumes will transform notions concerning the adequacy of Roman Catholicism for Latin-America, and show why Latin-American condi- tions cry out for Evangelical Christianity. In urging upon Christians everywhere the circulation of the reports, no feeling of hesitation arises, for otherwise pastors and lay workers, Christian teachers, donors, business men, legislators, publicists, and others who should know the facts, will fail to read them, and will lose the privilege of .

service therein presented.

Two volumes are being prepared, one in Portuguese and the

other in Spanish, by Professor Erasmo Braga of San Paulo, Brazil, and Prof. Eduardo Monteverde, of Montevideo, Uruguay, respectively, for circulation in Brazil and the nineteen Spanish-speaking countries. These will embody a purely Latin-American interpretation of the Panama Congress to Latin-American peoples. It is a matter of deep regret that these brilliant evangelical Christian leaders, of whom there were many at Panama, can not also speak to Anglo-Saxon Americans through English translations. The two books will be advertised widely in all the countries reached by evangelical mISSIons. Already considerable numbers of volumes have been ordered. Plans are under way to provide a fund to be used in distributing these two books widely in each country of Latin-America, on a cost basis and as gifts, among influential national leaders, so that a true interpretation of the Congress, and the significance of present evangelical movements may be correctly understood. The groups to be reached are educators, journalists, public officials, business and professional men, philanthropists, leaders in social movements and others who are sympathetic with the Evangelical Churches, or who are favorably disposed toward one or more of the phases of missionary effort. Aid in carrying this important plan into effect is still needed.

For English readers five books bound in uniform style and sold separately or in sets, are being provided. These are: 1. "Reports of Commissions 1., II., and III. on Survey and Occupation, Message and Method, and Education, with Discussions Thereon."

2. "Reports of Commissions, IV., V., VI., and VII., on Christian Literature, Woman's Work, the Church in the Field, and the Home Base, with Discussions."

3. "Report of Commission VIII. on Cooperation and the Promotion of Unity," important appendices including complete statistics, a directory of agencies and a bibliography.

4. "Renaissant Latin America," by Professor Harlan Page Beach, of Yale University, a general and condensed review of the history, work and significance of the Panama Congress.

5. "A Report of the Regional Conferences," by Rev. Charles Clayton Morrison, D.D., describing 'and estimating the work of the strategic meetings held by four selected groups of delegates after the Congress in the cities of Lima, Santiago, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Havana, San J nan and Barranquilla.

In all the volumes described in this article light is shed on the privilege and duty of evangelical churches and Christians of Anglo- Saxon peoples, in Latin-American countries. Intelligent readers will in turn became light-bearers.* • Until November 15th the five in English may be ordered for $3.50 as a set, or with the Portuguese and Spanish volumes for $5.00. After November 15th the price of each volume in English will be $1.00.

Christianity on

Rio Grande BY REV. SAMUEL M. GLASGOW, MERCEDES, TEXAS Home Missic>nary of tbe Presbyterian Churcb (Soutb) CHRISTIANITY, since the day that the Apostle Paul responded to the Macedonian call, has steadily followed the trail of the setting sun. Its determined and well-organized impact upon the Western l!'rontiers in North America continues the normal expression of Christian life and growth.

With the huge tide of population ever flowing forth through the great gateways to the Western Plains, and to the calls of the new life in the great States that are still in the making, there must go the Christian colonizer, to stand for God where God is not in all men's thoughts, so that by that power unseen and little valued in commercial standards, He may have a share in making a frontier that fast crystalizes in its ideals before it is too late. The great peril on the frontier is that the Church, having consulted ease rather than duty, shall find her once glorious opportunities departed. To-day we seek to create a Christian atmosphere, to-morrow we must struggle with precedent and habit; to-day we may mold the child, to-morTOW we must face the giant full-grown.

Typical of the new work in the great West has been the establishing of the Church of Christ in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, a strip of territory twenty by sixty miles in the ext'reme southern toe of Texas. Here is a semi-tropical, rich, delta section that engineer's magic and commercial sagacity have transformed from a tangled jungle into an agricultural paradise. The climate admits of at least two crops annually; the soil is fertile beyond the dreams of the most sanguine, and the water is dispensed over extensive acreage by superb canal systems connecting with the Rio Grande. Lusty towns, scarcely yet weaned, are springing up throughout the length of this fertile section and great home-seeker trains pour their quota of new life into this attractive and promising country. Within three or four years after the land had partially been reclaimed from the jungle, thousands of people had come here to make homes and develop this garden spot.

In the summer of 1909, I visited the little village of San Benito, a new irrigation project twenty miles north of Brownsville. It was then a scattered town of some five hundred people, whose only religious activity expressed itself in a feeble Sunday-school and an occasional preaching service by a visiting missionary. To-day San Benito is a small city of three or four thousand, having over twenty-five two-

story brick business buildings, miles of cement sidewalk, numbers of retail and wholesale business houses, and its own forty-mile railroad system traversing its rural community.

There is an eighty-thousand-dollar sugar mill, two pre-cooling stations, canning, brick, and tile factories, and the largest cotton gin in the world. How has the cause of the Master fared? Five repre- sentative denominations have erected splendid churches; four pastors live there, the Sunday-school enrolment runs up to some six hundred; besides these there is a well-equipped mission for Mexicans, who num- ber thousands in this section. It has its church-house, school-house and residence, a native pastor, and an American missionary. It main- tains day-school, Sunday-school, and Gospel services regularly, all conducted in the Spanish language. Recently as a colporteur went among the Mexican people in San Benito a customer, hungering for the Bible and without means to purchase it, offered to exchange some loaves of bread for the Word of God. A few weeks ago a call came from this valley for Gospel services from an outlying ranch not previously visited by the missionary. When the worker, Rev. J as. O. Shelby, responded, he found and received into the church a believing Christian man who had never heard a Gospel sermon, but who had found the Way of Life through the Living Word as his Christian wife had expounded it to him.

Leaving San Benito and traversing the valley following the sun's trail we pass through Harlingen, where our initial efforts to build a house of worship were met with hitter cursing and opposition on the part of one of the then leading citizens of the town. Three splendid churches and three located pastors now are proof of the Kingdom's progress there. Farther west we pass through Mercedes, where capitalists have spent a million and a quarter dollars on the finest private irrigation system in the world. Here Christian activity has blossomed from a meager union Sunday-school effort into three stalwart churches. The total Sunday-school enrolmeEt is over three hundred.

Passing westward, we pause at Mission, a small thriving city of three thousand people, whose religious development has been marked with many evidences of Divine power. The first Sunday-school organized here was gathered in an unfinished pool-hall. In the summer of 1909, I found that, though it was then a town of five hundred or more, there had never been a Protestant religious service of any kind held there. Sunday was distinguishable only by diligently consulting the calendar, and the mad rush for money was rapidly destroying the higher motives and principles in men's hearts. The Sunday-school missionary and myself organized the" pool-hall" Sunday-school one Sabbath afternoon soon after this visit, and I had the privilege of preaching the first Gospel sermon in that town to a listening audience of twenty-eight souls. From Sabbath to Sabbath this infant organization struggled along, meeting in private homes,

ESTABLISHING CHRISTIANITY. ON THE RIO GRANDE

unfinished buildings, and wherever shelter and improvised seats could be secured. One Sabbath afternoon we were meeting in a storeroom with open, unfinished front on the main business street. As my audience sat patiently on nail-kegs and benches made by placing boards across boxes, listening to the message, suddenly there burst on the air the clanging music of a passing Mexican band advertising a theater for the night. As the band wagon approached I slowed down expecting developments. When it appeared opposite the store blowing lustily, an old lame settler, lately honored with the title of Justice of the Peace, limped out to the street and shouted for silence. The musicians, however, not knowing the English, and mistaking the rebuke for praise, blew up the more bravely. Whereupon the enraged dignitary strode out into the street and first over the heads of the burrows and then over the heads of the musicians he used a universal medium of communication. Nursing their heads the astounded musicians departed in silence, and we resumed our service.

Some years later on that same street we were holding street services in connection with a mission at the church each evening. As we sang, spoke briefly, distributed leaflets, and prayed, I saw standing on the saloon porch, by the side of which we were holding the meeting, Bill Schaefer, the" bad man" of the town. Bill carried about with him a great and tender heart under his rude and rough exterior, and as they sang I spoke and pleaded with Bill for surrender to the Savior. He took out his check book and wrote me a check for seventeen dollars and handed it to me. His eyes glistened with tears to which they had been stranger for many years. I said: "Bill, it's not your money we want, but you."

This town of Mission now has three excellent church buildings, each with its own Sunday-school, the second generation of the poolhall gathering, and the cause of the Master is seeking to contribute its vital ingredient to this community's life and growth and future..

It has been our uniform experience that in those communities where the Church has entered early, and has labored faithfully, it has secured results impossible and unattainable through delayed efforts. The time for molding and controlling a town and its future destiny is the same psychological period that we use in the case of a child, and early efforts bulk large in comparison with deferred endeavors when the ideals are formed and God and the Sabbath omitted.

The initial efforts in many of the towns were made through evangelistic services held under the Gospel tent, available buildings being in the early days scarce. The crude trials of those days might interest one unfamiliar with the contingencies incident to tent preaching on the frontier. At Donna, in the summer of 1910, the evangelist and myself held a tent Gospel service that was fraught with many vicissitudes. To test our patience at the outset the railroad company delivered the tent at a station nine miles distant, and so we had to delay

until it could be brought overland. When we were erecting it one of the large poles fell hvice before we could get them set in their places. At the first service the whole tier of seats went down-nobody hurt. The next morning a whirlwind caused the complete collapse of the entire tent, one of the main poles snapping in the wreck. Finally we repaired the wreck and started again; but such whirls of dust greeted speaker and audience that the talk was muddy and many wept, not from sorrow, but from sand. We finally abandoned the tent for a building that was offered for completing the services. In other places such a comedy of mishaps was fortunately avoided, and many of the strong organizations that are now the Kingdom's strength in this valley were brought to Christ in this tent.

Establishing the Church on the frontiers is an investment with deferred payments of both principal and interest. Patience, therefore, and faith are necessary for the richest and most permanent returns. When these are exercised just hopes are amply rewarded. The Home Mission Church at Mercedes, about six years old, gave, during last year, an average of two dollars and fifty cents per member for foreign missions, and one dollar and fifty cents to home missions. That year the average for the whole denomination was one dollar and ninety cents per member for foreign missions, and fifty cents for home missions.

A spiritual mind bringing a spiritual message, sincere sympathy with inevitable frontier environment, foresight and Christian statesmanship, are among the essentials for permanent and adequate success in establishing the Church upon the frontiers. Patience and the power to see steadily amidst vacillating and changing conditions and standards are objects of prayer in the home missionary's personal pleadings at the throne of God. Let the unknown home missionary find a quiet place in the interest and prayers of all who wish to sustain him in his unromantic and unheralded, but far-reaching services.

"It is great to be out where the fight is strong To be where the heaviest troops belong And to fight there for man and God."

"Oh, it seams the face and dries the brain And strains the arm till one's friend is pain In the fight for man and God."

"But it's great, to be out where the fight is strong To be where the heaviest troops belong And to fight there for man and God."

BY MISS BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, N. Y

WORKING WITH CHILDREN "What of the children, my sisters ~ What of the coming band 1 Who will take up the work of the Master As it falls from your trembling hand ~ Are they trained to the cause, 0 mothers~ Are they strong and brave and true~ Are they ready to lift the burden iVhen the Master ealls for you ~' , ISABELLE MACKAY SUGGESTIONS FOR CHILDREN'S heating, ventilating and seating of the SOCIETIES* room; the second to act as ushers, pass the hymn-books, and take up the collection; BY MRS. ROBERT STUART SANDERS, the third to deliver the gifts of flowers and fruit. THOMASVILLE, GEORGIA The children should have a choir of No method will avail without the their own, and each meeting should be led , believing prayer of a conse- by a different child-leader who should strive to make his meeting interesting with crated leader back of it–a special music, recitations, chalk-talks, or an occasional march. But he must never leader who is enthusiastic, omit the more important parts of the meeting-his own opening prayer, Bible loving, punctual, and above reading and talk on the subject, and the talks and sentence prayers by all the chilall, not worldly. Her great aim should be dren present. The children never refuse to lead if the adult leaders appoint them to train the children to be leaders in and their subjects long in advance. If possible there should be printed programs Christian work, for from their ranks will with dates, topics and leaders for a year. If this can not be, a written program for come our future missionaries, ministers, the year should be put on the church bul- letin or wall, where the children can refer church officers and Sunday-school teach- to it.

ers. What wonderful opportunities and The text-books needed are the Bible, de- nominational missionary magazine and the privileges the mission band leader has! Church Year Book of Prayer. Each child should prepare something on the subject And what responsibility! of the meeting before coming to it. He should read up on it, get his family inter- The children should be asked to bring ested and talk about it to his friends. To spread information about missions is to flowers or fruit for the sick to the meet- arouse interest, then love, then giving.

ings and, if there is a prison, hospital or At each meeting the children should be asked: orphanage near by, other donations also. How many have read the Bible (or had A committee at the meeting should put it read to them) every day of the past week'! appropriate Bible verses on these gifts How many have prayed daily that the and address them ready to be delivered by the boys at the close. Perhaps a choir of the children could go occasionally to the children's ward of the hospital to sing hymns to the little sufferers. There is no town too small to need the ministrations of a wide-awake mission band.

The officers of the band and the leader for the day should meet in a separate room before the meeting to pray for a special blessing on it.

The boys of the band should be divided into three groups: the first to attend to the • Condensed from The Missionary Survey. The author is a pastor's wife, who is an expert in workin~ with children.-B. M. B.

people of their community may be brought THE OAKLAND SUNSHINE CLUB nearer to Christ' In the Oakland Presbyterian Church, How many have prayed daily for mis- Springfield, Ohio, there is a girls' mission sions' band which has many commendable fea- How lllany prepared something on the tures. At our request the Misses Jessie subject before coming to the meeting' and Mary Brain, two of the leaders, have The names of the books of the Bible sent us the following data concerning it: should be learned and a drill conducted at The name of the band is "The Oakland each meeting. Call out Bible references Sunshine Club," and it includes all forms and see who finds them first. Such a drill of missionary work-local, home and for- will keep the children quiet before the eign. It was organized on February 6, meeting begins. 1915, with 23 members and will soon be A Bible match in which the child who two years old. The membership grew so knows the greatest number of verses stands rapidly-it now has 6 leaders and 50 up longest has been very successful, and a members-that it was divided into two missionary contest with 75 to 100 questions sections, which meet together for opening and answers about our missions gives in- exercises and then separate for the re- formation that will never be forgotten. mainder of the program. The division Large maps of the mission fields are was not made on the basis of age, but very helpful. The children may be given follows the grading of the city schools- little paper flags with the missionaries' an excellent arrangement. The Junior names, and if mounted on pins, may place section comprises girls attending the 4th, them at the proper stations on the map. 5th and 6th grades; the Senior, those of Missionary scrap-books divided into the 7th and 8th grades. On entering High seven parts, one for each of our seven School members are promoted to a Mis- foreign fields (Southern Presbyterian) can sion Study Club under different manage- easily be made by each child. Each part ment.

should contain a flag of the country, a In addition to the opening exercises, map, clippings and pictures, and a short the program for the Juniors includes: description of the missions there. The (1) A missionary talk, 20 minutes; cover may be made of plain wall paper (2) Missionary education developed decorated with a foreign design or water- through scrap-books, 30 minutes; color sketch. (3) Practical work for some needy A chest of pictures and ·curios from mis- field, about 40 minutes; sion lands is a souree of never-failing de- (4-) Refreshments, 15 minutes.

light, and the reflectoscope with postals Last year the missionary talks fol- and pictures interests many. lowed "Jack and Janet," and were given with the help of maps, paper dolls in cos- "What of orchards when the old tume, suitcase mite-boxes, etc. trees are worn out, when all methods The scrap-book work of the Club is of pruning, spraying and harvesting are of no avail? worthy of special mention. The two books sent on for our inspection are of a high "Is not the great task of the order of merit-things of beauty and mothers of the Church to plant hun- likely to implant an abiding interest in dreds and thousands of new trees, missions. At first the scrap-books used not to bear for years, perhaps, but were a kind in use in the city schools, trees planted by rivers of water which have 28 pages of gray mounting bringing forth fruit in their season? paper, 9 x 11 inches, inclosed in board covers, and sell for 5 cents each. When "What of the work for children these were filled a loose-leaf system was and ~irls in your clmrch? Do en- inaugurated. Instead of the books a list them for this world work."- number of tablets were purchased with Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, at the blank sheets measuring about 8 x 10lh Philadelphia Triennial of Woman's inches. The covers of these were removed Boards. and are used for protecting and designat- ing each girl's work. A.t the meetings

BEST METHODS

they are given out with one or two sheets lad in the local tuberculosis camp. As of blank paper and the material to be Christmas approached, yards and yards of pasted thereon. At the close they are col- red and green crepe paper chains were lected and kept until the next meeting. made and sent to San Juan to decorate This loose-leaf work is planned to run the children's ward in the hospital. At through a year and a half or two years; Easter the club decorated the home then attractive covers will be made, holes church, and at the close of the Easter will be punched in the finished sheets, and services sent seven boxes of daffodils, each the books tied with raffia or ribbon. The with a card bearing an Easter message, advantage of using loose leaves is that to sick persons in the neighborhood. if a member drops out there is less waste These are but a few of the many helpful of material. activities reported for the year.

The first page of each scrap-book has The Club's Christmas Party the name of the Club and its motto. Following this, two pages facing one another The Oakland Sunshine Club is financed are devoted to each of ten fields-five by the Mothers' Club of the church-a home and five foreign. Each field has its fine idea. So, when Christmas came, inmap and flag and pictures illustrative of stead of an entertainment being given for the people and missions among them. the girls, they gave a Christmas party for There are also paper dolls in native cos- the mothers. The date was December tume and various appropriate little de- 30th-after Christmas, to avoid the Christvices cut from red paper such as a toma- mas rush for the mothers and give the hawk and bow and arrow for the Ameri- girls time to prepare. can Indians. The Korean pages have the Korean characters for the name of Jesus The party proved to be the Red Letter done in pen and ink. Day of the year. Each girl was allowed to invite her mother, and the program was Pictures for the work were obtained to be a surprize. It was really very simfrom old missionary magazines (the ple, but the halo of mystery made it seem church people are glad to save them for like a real Christmas secret. It consisted the Club), from The Christian Herald and of sacred song and story, rendered for the most part by the girls themselves. The from Mrs. Horace Hill of Minneapolis serving of the refreshments, which took who supplies them at small cost. Most of the form of a very simple pageant, was the flags and maps were drawn and col- both novel and charming. Before the ored by the girls themselves, but the little meeting a large table had been arranged Alaskan maps were blue-printed by the across the front of the room. It was covleaders and those of "Darkest Africa," ered with white cloth draped with broad were traced with colored crayon by red ribbons and had on it two sandwich the leaders and cut out by the girls. "All baskets filled with little red tarlatan bags this means work," says Miss Mary Brain, containing white peppermint candies. "but the interest and pleasure in the books would repay anyone for the trouble. I After the program there was 8 brief have had more than one mother tell me intermission during which the mothers how her daughter prizes her book." were given pencils and slips of paper with anagrams-liThe Contents of a The practical work of the Club gave Christmas Basket"-to occupy their time. the opportunity for expression that is es- Then one of the larger girls wearing a sential to success. Sets of colored paper white robe (cheesecloth) entered by a dolls found in The Ladiesl Home Journal side door. On her head was a silver and other magazines, were cut out and crown with one white star, and in her done up in white envelopes tied with scar- hand a silver wand. As she advanced to let raffia. These went to the local hospital the head of the table she said, "I am the and to the Presbyterian Hospital at San spirit of Christmas. I am present at Juan, Porto Rico. Picture scrap-books every happy gathering at the Christmas made of gray cambric and filled with time. I will now call my helpers and togaily-colored pictures went to the Indian gether we will serve the Christmas feast." children in Arizona and to a little Italian

Stepping to the door she opened it, and Missionary Education Movement, 156 as the piano began a march she led in to :B'ifth Avenue, New York, at $1.50 each; the room a procession of forty girls, each the Congo Box put up by "B. Martin" wearing a little Christmas apron of red for the children of the Southern Presbycrepe paper and having a band of the terian Church and sold by the Woman's same around her hair. Each carried some- Auxiliary, Peachtree and Tenth Streets, thing with which to decorate the table and Atlanta, Georgia, at 50 cents; and the they marched, single file, first around the Mary Hill Literature Boxes originated room, then around the table where each by Mrs. Horace M. Hill and put up at placed what she carried. This feature had her famous missionary workshop, 415 been so carefully rehearsed that the table Oak Grove Street, Minneapolis, Minn. seemed decorated as if by magic, and the These boxes are in endless variety; in all result was very beautiful. A decorated more than 3,000 have been made, no two Christmas tree was placed in the center of alike and are designed for both leaders the table and around this twelve crystal of juniors and grown-ups. They may be candlesticks with red candles (not lighted purchased outright or may be rented for fear of fire). A smaller decorated tree for a moderate sum and are exceedingly was placed at each corner and around the helpful. entire edge a carefully placed border of holly. The Mary Hill "Band Box" filled with sample programs, invitations, notebooks, When the work was completed the girls mottoes and other devices for band work, marched around the room· again, finally is one of the daintiest and most fascinatforming in two' rows back of the table. ing things we have seen. Children take de- Standing there they sang, softly and light in examining its contents. It sells sweetly, as a blessing, "Holy night, silent for the modest sum of 50 cents plus night." This climax was very effective, postage and we wish that every band and with its spirit of reverence and sim- might own one. plicity seemed to touch the mothers deeply. For junior work Mrs. Hill also has box- es of literature and pictures on the var- At the close the girls passed cherry ice ious countries, a box filled with stories and little white cakes and gave to each for junior reading, a larger one on the guest one of the littIle tarlatan baw of pep- same plan for the leader and two boxes permints. In all, 115 were present and the of suggestions for leaders, the prices party proved a great success. It got the varying according to the contents. She mothers (lut and added to their interest will prepare boxes to order on almost any in the club besides giving the girls great given topic and will furnish charts, and pleasure. packets of pictures at moderate cost. Her work is a labor of love, not a financial THE NEW MISSIONARY BOXES venture, and often entails loss rather than profit. In writing her for help, band There are a good many kinds of mis- leaders should inclose a generous amount sionary boxes-mite-boxes in endless of postage. variety for collecting missionary money; boxes of clothing and supplies for home A MISSIONARY BIRTHDAY BOX missionaries and home mission schools; boxes of dolls, scrap-books, picture post- The newest box of all is the "Missioncards, games, etc., to be used by mission- ary Birthday Box" devised by the Junior aries at home and abroad in winning Superintendent of a Congregational Sunchildren to Christ. day-school in which, for various reasons, it seemed impossible to do very much to Boxes on this order have done a great interest the children in missions. Miss work for missions. And now there is a Mary Preston tells about this box in Life new variety which also promises to do a and Light as follows: great work-boxes filled with helps for missionary leaders in their work. These "The box was prettily prepared and include the curio boxes on Africa, Japan tied up ready to be carried home for a and the American Indians PlLt out by the week by the fortunate youngster whose

1916J BEST METHODS

birthday pennies should proclaim to the directions are given as follows for making school that he or she had just passed a simple yet effective Chinese cap and another milestone. Can you see in your cue. mind's eye the glow of anticipation on the face of the temporary possessor of that "Take a long black stocking and cut box? off the foot. Then, beginning at the bot- tom, cut the 'leg into three equal strips "So much for the box. What of the leaving five or six inches (enough to fit things inside it? The real test of" its the head) uncut at the top for the cap. value depends upon the contents. When Then braid the strips tightly and near the brave, bright box is open, when the the end weave in some strands of bright veil of mystery is torn aside-what then 'I red yarn. Tie the end of the cue with the yarn and finish with a gay tassel of it. "Suppose the children are hearing You will be surprized to find how well about the boys and girls of India-would these caps and cues look when finished." not such things as these be of interest'! Colored picture postcards of scenes in A Wampum Necklace India which can be obtained from many mission boards; pictures from the N a- The Missionary Survey gives the foltional Geographio Magazine, The Mission- lowing directions for making a wampum ary Herald, Life and Light, Everyland necklace such as Indians wear: and other magazines, mounted on sheets of attractive blue, green or brown paper; "A good imitation of a wampum neck- Orient Pictures on the order of Perry lace can be made by cutting hollow macapictures but missionary in subject, print- roni into pieces an inch long and stringed by the American Baptist Missionary ing them on cords or ribbon. Paint each Society, Ford Building, Boston, Mass.; of the beads in streaks of red, yellow, directions for games such as children play blue and black, Indian fashion, and the in India copied from 'Children at Play result will be a necklace that every one in Many Lands,' by Katherine Stanley will admire and wish to copy for them- Hall; two dolls painted brown, dressed selves." in the costume of India and given native names; brief facts about the children of ALMA MATE~* India bound into a little home-made booklet; stories about specific children in BY PRISCILLA LEONARD India such as may be found in back numbers of children's magazines. The oldest university Was not on India's strand, "Perhaps this is enough by way of suggestion. Box-makers once imbued with Nor in the valley of the Nile, the idea will find no dearth of material. Nor on Arabia's sand; Why not try the plan in your Sundayschool department or class, or in your From time's beginning it was taught, Junior Endeavor Society or mISSIon And still it teaches free, band? Remember that when such a box goes into a home it reaches not one mem- Its learning mild to every childber of the family but several." The school of Mother's Knee.

THINGS TO MAKE The oldest school to teach the law, And teach it deeply, too, A Chinese Cap and Cue Dividing what should not be done Printing a little missionary magazine And what each one should do, is a plan used in the Junior Department of the First Baptist Sunday-school, Ben- Was not in Rome nor Ispahan, nington, Vermont. It is called The Tra- Nor by the Euxine sea; veler and is a bright little sheet of four pages measuring 6 x 9 inches. In the It held its sway ere history's day- "China Edition" issued March 7, 1915, The school of Mother's Knee.

* Reprinted from The Youth'8 Oompanion. It Is hoped that every mother will include in the curriculum of this most effective of all schools the subject of world-wide missions. Because the mothers of Robert Motl'at. Alexander Mackay, James and Isabella Thoburn and hosts of other great missionaries did so. the world has been mightily blessed aud the door of heaven opene'] to millions of souls that might otherwise never bave beard the Gospel.-B. M. B.

The oldest seminary, where ies' at a missionary exhibit at our State Theology was taught, Sunday-school Convention held here re- cently and we are making enthusiastic Where love to God, and reverent prayer, use of it. We are all so pleased to make And the Eternal Ought, the acquaintance of Mrs. John G. Paton in it, and are delighted to find that she Were deep impressed on youthful hearts had sueh a sense of humor. We have In pure sincerity, promised the book to the one having the best record in my summer school. We Came to the earth with Abel '8 birtb- are having drawing, sewing, botany, etc., The school of Mother '8 Knee. at home.

The oldest-and the newest, too- "We think of you whenever we play It still maintains its place, our card game, 'Who's Who in Missions.' Sarah and Elizabeth are getting a real ABd from its classes, ever full, interest in these heroie men and women. It graduates the race; We are taking one missionary a Sunday and have about eight or ten now. It is a Without its teaching where would all fine idea. I don't think the children will The best of Jiving bef easily forget the few definite facts about each one. As soon as we know enough 'Twas planned by Heaven this earth to cards we will play the game according to leaven- directions."

The school of Motber's Knee. MISSIONARY ANAGRAMS AN IOWA "SCHOOL OF MOTHER'S One of the things we found in a Mary Hill "Band Box" is an ordinary white KNEE" envelope measuring about 3~ by 5~ inches with a picture of John G. Paton Not long ago the Best Methods editor pasted on the outside and this suggestion received a letter from a mother in Iowa daintily printed by hand: IILet the who conducts a modell/School of Mother's Juniors learn the names and faces of Knee" for her three little daughters- great missionaries by this means." In- Sarah aged eleven, Elizabeth eight and side the envelope are the letters, A, N, Mary five. Missions have such a large 0, P, T, from which the name Paton may place in this little school that althQugh be formed. They are two inches high and the letter was strictly personal and not cut from heavy paper-each of a differmeant for publication, we take the liberty ent color bright enough to prove attracof printing a portion of it for the in- tive to a child. spiration of other mothers: This is an excellent plan either for a liThe first thing I read our children mission band or the home circle. Sets of along missionary lines was the life of envelopes on this order can be easily made John G. Paton-not the youth's edition. at home and really constitute a game of It was about a year ago and I thought I high educational value. would run my eye ahead and boil down the big words and leave out a little of the sermonizing. But I wasn't allowed to! Sarah sat on one arm of the chair and Elizabeth on the other and I was vigorously urged to go right on and not change it.

"l found your 'Fifty Missionary Stor- PRACTICAL WORK IS OF UNTOLD VALUE IN WORKING WITH CHILDREN If you do not know just what to undertake along this line, write (inclosing postage) to the Rev. Samuel D. Price, superintendent of the Department for Utilizing Surplus Material, The World's Sunday-School Union, 216 Metropolitan Tower, New York City.

See also THE MISSIONARY REVIEW for August, 1914, when the Best Methods department was devoted to this topic.

BEST METHODS

TEACHING MISSIONS THROUGH A PLAN FOR THANKSGIVING* DOu..S When the refreshments were served at "We say a great deal nowadays about the close of the November, 1914, meeting toys that have some educational value as of the Woman's Missionary Society, opposed to those that merely amuse," Union Presbyterian Church, Schenectady, said The Youth's Companion recently, New York, there were five grains of corn "but it has remained for an ingenious on each plate. They had been placed woman to use dolls as a means of teach- there by the hostess at the request of the ing history. president who, in connection with the de- votional service had given the gist of an "She began by dressing for her own article in The Continent by the Rev. little dltughter a 'Priscilla,' about which Ernest Bourner Allen, D.D., pastor of she wove stories of the early settlement of the Washington Street Congregational the country. The appeal to the interest Church o'f Toledo, Ohio, which explained and imagination of the child was remark- their purpose and use. able. 'Pocahontas' furnished an occasion for various stories of the relations be- In the early days of New England it tween the white men and the Indians and was the custom for the house-mother to 'George and Martha Washington' gave an place beside each plate on the heavily excuse for colonial and Revolutionary laden Thanksgiving table, five grains of tales. corn. This was to keep in remembrance the dark days of the Pilgrims when in "The mothers of some of the little girl's the heroic struggle to found a republic playmates became interested and adopted where there would be freedom to worthe plan for their own little daughters; ship God, the daily allowance of food for and since they all played with their dolls each person was gradually reduced until together all of them got the benefit of it became merely five grains of corn. Bewhat each had learned. . . • The lieving that these heroic days should still success of the plan depends largely upon be kept in remembrance, Doctor Allen has the selection of characters that are inter- revived the custom in his own home. esting and attractive to children and upon a reasonable fidelity to the dress of the "Ever since the children came to bless country and period. There should be a our home," he says, "we have placed five carefully worked out chronological scheme grains of corn at every plate on Thanksand good story-telling." giving Day. Briefly, in simple form, some phase of the great Thanksgiving epic has This plan is quite as good for teaching been told to the children. Then every missions as for teaching history-perhaps member of the household, from the todeven better. Dressing dolls in the cos- dling youngster to the smiling grandtume of the period to represent great mis- mother, has given five reasons for Thankssionaries and in native costume to repre- giving, one for each grain of corn. They sent famous native Christians would not grow mighty precious as you begin to be a very difficult matter and would arouse count. You finger them hesitatingly, and great interest. thoughtfully, and wish there were ten! And each one realizes the relation between What wonderful stories could be woven 'think' and 'thank! This custom of placaround dolls representing Ann Judson, ing and counting the corn, itself the great- Gertrude Egede, Fidelia Fiske, Mary est crop-except children-which we pro- Moffat, Eliza Agnew, Pundita Ramabai, duce in America, has developed the sense Doctor Mary Stone, Chundra Lela, and of Thanksgiving in our home and helped Mrs. Ahok! And what fascinating dia- us to give it a 'sane' celebration." logues could be arranged between Fidelia Fiske and Eliza Agnew, Dr. Li Bi Cu and During the social hour at the mission- Doctor Clara Swain, or Isabella Thoburn ary meeting, as at Doctor Allen's thanksand Lilavati Singh! It seems to us there are infinite possibilities in the plan. • Though this plan was originally used in a woman's society, it could be made very etl'ective In a children's meeting, either with or without retresllments.-B. M. B.

giving table, each one present was asked work among the Indians and teach them to name five reasons for Thanksgiving, to trust in Him. 'When you see an Indian one for each grain of corn. It was so penny thiuk of this and make the prohelpful and met with such favor that cession two miles long." many of the ladies present derided to inaugurate the custom in their own homes A little girl in Schenectady heard this on the coming Thanksgiving Day. story and was so much interested in it that when she received a little tepee mite- A MILE OF INDIAN PENNIES box* from a cousin in Ohio, she announced Collecting Indian pennies for Indian that she was going to use it to collect Indian pennies as the little Marylander work is a fine idea that originated with had done. The entire household agreed the Episcopalians of Maryland dnring to join her in this and now the little tepee Lent last spring. bank whieh occupies a place of honor on the desk in the study is getting quite "The children of :Maryland and their heavy. Not only all the Indian pennies friends have collected a 'Mile of Indian that come into the house promptly find pennies' as a special Easter offering to the their way into it, but occasionally one of Indian work in Alaska," says The Spirit the new Indian nickels also. of Missions. "They happened to notice that the Indian penny is not marked 'In • These tepee banks arc vcry attractive. They God we trust,' so they decided to set apart may be obtained from the Woman's Baptist Mistheir Indian pennies to support God's sionary Society, 2969 Vernon Avenue, Chicago, Ill., at 7 cents a dozen.-B. M. B.

-The Spirit Of Missions.

TVill you write and tell the editor of any ways in which you have found this de- partment of Best lYlethods useful? We 1vill also welcome a description of other methods used with success.

THOUGHTS

MISS ADDRJBSSJB§ The Editor invites contribj~tions to this departm,ent-unique and practical suggestions as to topics for sermons and missionary talks, striking outlines) impressive facts, and brief but powerful incidents to illustrate lessons and talks. Direct to the EDI'roR.

William Carey's Text Outlined The Cost of the War "Enlarge the place of Thy tent," etc., COS1' of the war at the present time is Isaiah .54: 2, 3. I. THE SETTING at the rate of over $100,000,000 daily, 1. Prophetically following Chapter 53. 2. Historically linked with Wm. Carey. or $36,500,000,000 a year. The costs to II. THE EXPOSITION 1. "Enlarge." Accept the World-Wide date and the present daily costs are divided Commission. A t tern p t great things. Build for God among the nations approximately as fol- 2. "Spare not." Large unused wealth. Superfluities. Blessing of giving up and lows: giving largely. 3. "Lengthen thy cords; strengthen thy Cost to March 1st Daily Cost stakes." Cooperation. Each cord and stake needed. A responsibility for each. Great Britain … $ 7,440,000,000 $ 25,000,000 4. The promise. "Thou shalt break Prance ….. ,… 5,400,000,000 15,500,000 forth; Thy seed shall inherit; make deso- Russia ……… 5,500,000,000 16,000,000 late cities to be inhabited." Work fruitful Italy ………. 1,200,000,000 8,000,000 to workers and to the world. Other allies …. 980.000,000 3,000,000 IMPRESSIVE FACTS Total for allies $20.520,000.000 $ 67,500,000 Women of the World Germany … … . 6,260,000,000 22,000,000 Austria~Hungary 3,560,000,000 . 12,000,000 Roman Catholic .,. 100,000,000 rl'urkey and Bul- Protestant ……. . 90,000,000 Greek Catholic, etc. 50,000,000 garia ….. . 580,000,000 – -1,-500-,0-00 Central Powers $10,400.000,000 $ -35-,50.0-,00-0 Total Christians 240,000,000 – Grand total $30,920,000,000 $103,000,000 Pagan ……………….. 60,000,000 Confucian ……………. 120,000,000 The total cost of Foreign Missionary Hindu ……………….. 100,000,000 work is about one-thousandth part of this, Buddhist …………….. 60,000,000 or $30,000,000 a year. All Christian work Mohammedan ………….. 90,000,000 at home and abroad for one year would. not exceed the cost of the war for ten days. To many of these 600,000,000 of women, only women can go. 1'hey are in harem Thoughts Worthy of Enlargement and zenana; they are field laborers and burden bearers; they are caste-bound and THE hardest thing in the world to confoot-bound and soul-bond, in a bondage trol and influence is not money but that women who breathe the free air can it is the hnman will.-S. D. Gordon. not understand. They known not that the world's Savior is woman's best friend. Practical Christianity is divine at the center of life, flowing in definite ex- pression toward God and man.-Worth M. Tippy.

The weakness of most missionary ser- mons is that they are long on exhortation and short on facts. Men are convinced by facts more than by theory.-Cornelius H. Patton.

When we know then we will feel; when we know then we will pray; when we feel and pray then we will give-the three things necessary in the Church before we can ever get an adequate force to go,. and before we will ever be able to properly support them when they have gone.

ILLUSTRATIONS FROM LIFE paper images of Kwan and Ngoh. Then "To Whom Shall We Go?" these two Christian soldiers came to the A CONVERTED Mohammedan was Rev. Harry Barton, of Ningpo, and asked called before the authorities to an- him to pray that a way of escape might be swer the charge of reading Christian books. found for them. Just before the date Before judgment was passed he begged to llxed, Dzing and Yih presented a petition be allowed to ask a question. "I am travel- to their commanding officer, saying that ing," he said; "I look around for some di- they had mada their vows to the one true rection and discover two men; one is dead, God, and could not take the oath before the other alive. Which of the two am I idols. The officer praised them for good to ask for advice-the dead or the living 1" conduct, but said that they could not be "Oh, the living, of' course," all cried out. excused from obeying the President's "Well," he added, "why require me to go order. to Mahomet, who is dead, instead of to Christ, who is alive'!" "We must obey God rather than man I" they replied. "We would risk our lives in At Azzimur an intelligent Moor said any place of danger at the President's to Mr. Robert Stevens, a missionary in command, for we could then only lose our Morocco, "No, we will not buy your books, bodies; but to worship paper images for they will make Christians of us." "Ex- would mean the loss of our souls I" aetly so," Mr. Stevens replied; "that a book is capable of doing what you have said The officer threatened them with the proves it to be a book of power. It death penalty, but they answered: "We changes a man's heart and conduct, and this do not fear that. It would only prove proves it to be what it claims to be-the that we were counted worthy to die for Living Word of God." Christ's sake!'

Finally a way of escape was opened for them; their names were struck from the The Key to the Situation roll of the Army, without reproof or pun- «FOR years the Moravian missionaries ishment. This they regarded as an answer labored in Greenland teaching the to prayer, as it also gave them privilege of attending the second Sunday service natives about the creation and the fall, the at the mission. flood and the dispersion, and all to no pur- * pose. But one day John Beck read to a small company the old story of Christ's dy- Pleading on the Roadside ON ing love, and one of them, Kayampek, with one of our last trips our cart be- tears streaming down his face, said to him, came stuck in the mud, almost waist 'Tell it me once more, for I, too, would be saved.' At last they had found the key to deep. We had to remove the luggage and the Greeenianders' hearts." The lash of take the cart apart in order to get out morality will never mold men, but the of the hole. Old Nursamma, one of the light of Calvary always does. glorious results of our never-to-be-for- Like Daniel in Babylon gotten revival, was with us and helped to remove the load from the cart. I shall TWO Christian soldiers in the Chinese never forget the picture of her as I saw army, named Dzing and Yih, stationed it that day. A Hindu man passed along at Ningpo, were missionaries to the bar- the road as we were in the midst of our racks. They prayed constantly, and never dilemma. Nursamma, her heart aflame gave up testifying that Jesus is the Savior for God, could not bear to see him pass of the world. They started daily prayer and not be spoken to; so there the dear meetings for their comrades, and attend- old saint stood, in mud and water up to ance increased. But one thing troubled her knees, a bundle of bedding under them: they could only get leave for at- one arm, and several chickens in her tending one service on the Sunday. hands, pleading with that man to give his The President of the Republic issued an heart to Christ I-REV. CHARLES E. PAR- order that the whole Army and Navy KER' Hyderabad, India.

should take an oath of loyalty before the * From Missionaru New•.

EVOLUTION

PORTO RICO – RICH PORT – WIDE OPEN PORTAL 3hctU 1lade Health Edueation outstrip The Gos,etf From a drawing by Miss Edith P. Thomson and Miss B. F. Bennett NEWS fROM ~JLANID)S LATIN AMERICA lishing a juvenile court. The child prob- lem is one of exceeding difficulty. The New Ideals for Porto Rico abandoned and neglected contingency is relatively large. THERE are 1,184,489 people living in Porto Rico. The Federal govern- There is need of strong reinforcement ment is working through a Board of Ag- in the missionary schools. The proposiriculture aiming to improve farm condi- tion to confer American citizenship on the tions. The low grade of intelligence Porto Ricans has met with a good deal of among the farm laborers makes it difficult favor, but if Porto Rico is to become an to introduce effectively the modern agri- integral part of the United States the recultural methods. The chief products are ligious ideals must be changed. sugar, coffee, and tobacco. The educational work has made fine advancement. Christian Book. Make Their Way Gradually but surely the standard of intelligence is rising. There are 2,084 white ONE of the biggest agencies of evanteachers employed and 377 colored, mak- gelization in Central America is the ing a total of 2,461. That number of mission printing press in Guatemala, of teachers at work upon the social life of the which Rev. William B. Allison has superpopulation certainly means a good deal. vision. Good JlOads are so few in Central After all, the teaching force is entirely America and the mountain trails so diffiinadequate. There is only one teacher for cult that a large number of the towns and 209 children of school age and only one villages have very little contact with the for about 80 of the pupils in actual at- outside world. The Jnissionary's journeys tendance. The educational problem is a must be made on muleback, and the time vast one. needed to cover the distances makes his trips to the different places few and far The last legislature passed a bill estab-

between. But the unusually liberal postal them to reopen soon but nnder strict state regulations permit Christian literature to :;llpervision, the buildings being used durbe sent to all parts of the country free ing the week for schools until structures of charge, and as the Christians in the for that purpose can be built. General distant towns receive these papers and Alvarado intends to end Catholic tyranny tracts, they carry them along on their over the people. short foot journeys to be left wherever they will do the most good. Surinam Lepers Cured Recently two Indian men voluntarily THE Surinam Government Leper Hosmade a 400-mile journey on foot simply pital at Groot Chatillon is near Befor the purpose of distributing literature thesda, where Moravian missionaries are and doing personal work. Mr. Allison, at work. They report the cure of two who acts as editor of the Guatemala News, young women patients, one of whom has the monthly organ of the station, is anx- been four years under treatment at Beious now to institute correspondence thesda, and the other seven years. Both courses of Bible lessons along with his have regularly used Aiouni. This is a other work.-The Continent. preparation of the Chaulmoogra oil, long known in India as a palliative for leprosy. A Reform Governor in YucataJ!, It is mixed with olive oil and other ingredi- ents to make Aiouni, which is the discov- G ENERAL SALVADOR ALVARA- ery of a M. Delord, a French missionary DO, before the outbreak of Car- resident in Switzerland. ranza's successful revolution a storekeeper in his native state of Sonora, has com- After six months under special observapleted one year of his governorship in tion, the two girls were dismissed by the the Mexican state of Yucatan. Although highest medical authority in the colony as only 35 years old, he is nevertheless one cured, and were permitted to return to of the most remarkable men of Mexico their homes. and in the reconstruction of that land he is likely to play a leading role. Since EUROPE twelve months ago, when he entered the peninsula with a conquering army, he has "AEvangelism and Women Speakers established free schools for the compul- NATIONAL mission of repentance sory education of all children-though and hope" is the title given by the heretofore only 15 per cent. of the chil- Archbishop of Canterbury and other predren attended any school-and has reduced lates of the Church of England to what crime to such an extent that a few weeks might be called an evangelistic campaign ago there were only twenty-eight prisoners which they have been planning for this in the state penitentiary, which had been autumn. It has been proposed to have built to accommodate 2,000 and had al- evangelistic preaching in every 'established ways been crowded. The state has been parish throughout England, and with the notorious for its vices, but it is said there expected cooperation of many of the free is now not a disorderly house in Yucatan, churches it was hoped that genuine revival and the crowds of beggars have dispersed. might spring forth in many centers. But most unfortunately the high-church party One of Alvarado's first acts was to turn has broken into these preparations with a the Catholic churches at all the haciendas bitter controversy. It is caused by an into schools. He managed to induce announcement made by the bishop of Lonteachers to go from the United States, and don that parish rectors might arrange if under their direction the children are re- they wished, in connection with the mission ported to be showing surprising advances movement, meetings of girls and women to in learning. The governor general finds be addressed by women speakers whom he has made some mistakes in his efforts the bishop promised to accredit as "mesquickly to give the co=on people of the sengers" for such service. These women country a chance, and is said to regret his were, however, forbidden to speak in consummary action there against the secrated churches or before any audience churches. He has promised to permit including men.

1916J NEWS PROM MANY LANDS

'fhe high-churchmen have appealed Men's Cbristian Association in all these without success to the Archbishop to for- lands and haye the same facilities for obbid this plan, and they are now denounc- servation that I had in Italy. }<'rom my ing it as a conspiracy on the part of the experience here, therefore, I make the women "to capture the priesthood step by cheerful generalization that there are few step." One of their leaders protests men in Europe that are physically better against the "very mischievous nonsense" off than the prisoners of war. It is with of talking about the "equality of men and respect to their moral condition (to use women in the sight of God." the word moral in the largest sense) that they are to be pitied, and it is in this Welah Christiana at Work sphere that the Association is diligently rendering a sort of assistance which could T HE Welsh Porward Movement cele- not be expected from the military author- brates, this year, the twenty-fifth an- ities." niversary of its beginning. The object of this Movement has been to reach non- Mission Among Swiss Gypsies churchgoers, to rescue neglected children, to provide Christian nurses for the sick I N the spring of 1914 a mission among poor, and to promote temperance and the gipsies in Switzerland was started social welfare, especially in the industrial by the Evangelical Mission of Switzerland. districts of Wales. Sixty large Gospel Already a number of auxiliary stations halls have been built at a cost of about have been established, whose purpose is: $700,000. Sunday-schools have been or- (1) To help wandering gipsies where it ganized, also prison-gate missions, sol- is necessary and possible to do so; (2) To diers' and sailors' social institutes, and distribute suitable literature among them; rescue homes. A gift of $50,000 has (3) To bring the Gospel to them in a lately reduced the debt on the Movement's simple, childlike manner. properties to a minimum. Baptist Work in Portugal Among War Prisoners in Italy DR. Z. C. TAYLOR, a missionary of REV. WALTER LOWRIE, of the the Poreign Mission Board of the American Church in Rome, was in- Southern Baptist Convention in Bahia, vited by the Italian Ministry of War to Brazil, was in 1909 commissioned by the visit the prison posts in that country. He Brazilian Baptist Convention to visit attended at the same time to the arrange- Portugal and report to the brethren in ments for the libraries and tools and musi- Brazil the advisability of the Brazilians cal instruments and games provided for doing mission work in their fatherland. the Austrian prisoners through the Young The report of Dr. Taylor encouraged the Men's Christian Association. He says of Brazilian Convention to begin work in his trip: Oporto, Portugal, and in 1911, Rev. J. J .. OIiviera was appointed with his wife to "In every case the prisoners' food and undertake the mission work there. lodging were better than their Italian guards enjoyed. The barracks of the A building has been erected in order to Italian soldiers have never been distin- accommodate the church, the residence of guished for their cleanliness, but the the pastor, day school and Sunday-school, prison posts rarely left anything to be containing an auditorium with a gallery desired in this respect. The greatest hard- which seats 400 persons, and five rooms ship the soldiers complained of was the around the main hall which are used for lack of work and (as an incidental conse- school purposes. quence of this) the impossibility of getting hold of any money to buy tobacco. It was While this work was being carried on, the socialist party in Italy which objected two fields were opened in the interior to putting the prisoners to work. I can where there are two flourishing churches, not distrust the testimony of the Ameri- scores of thousands of tracts have been cans who are working for the Young published and distributed, and there is a monthly paper, 0 CristO,{) Baptista.

The Slav Relieion is very great, and the people are said to be dying in large numbers. T HE attempt to explain to the English MOSLEMS IN ASIA – people the rea-I mea-ning of the re- ligious outlook in Russia and Serbia is Missionaries Return to Maraovan one which needed to be made. Hence the lectures being delivered at St. Margaret's, ABURDEN was lifted from many Westminster, on Thursdays, are full of hearts with the receipt, through the interest and importance. But they will State Department at Washington, of a also serve to show how great is the need cable dispatch from the American emin Russia for a reformation which will bassy at Constantinople announcing that bring to the people the light of the pure one Swiss and four American missionaries Gospel. In his lecture, Mr. Stephen Gra- left that city for Marsovan July 20th. ham, who is an enthusiast in all matters that pertain to Russia, threw the color of No sooner did the evicted party reach his genius upon such excrescences as pil- the capital than efforts were begun to perlar saints, rock hermits, celibacy, the wor- mit some of them to return, to recover ship of the virgin, etc. which he called control at least of portions of the prop- "fair things!' Those who have seen with erty and to safeguard the American plainer eyes the groveling of much of this Board's interest there. Repeated delays saint-worship in Russia, will hardly call and obstacles were encountered. Hopes it "fair." Mr. Graham, however, admits were kindled only to be disappointed. At that "Russia is feeling the need of Puri- length permission was given and the way tanism," and in this he is right. There opened for the return of five missionaries. has never passed over Russia a movement Their safe arrival in Marsovan was re- 'akin to the Reformation. The Eastern ported by cable to the State Department Church holds firmly to its place and power in Washington, August 4th. over the people.. No mention, hitherto, has been made III these lectures of the It remains to be learned what they great Stundist movement. It is in that di- found at Marsovan j whether they will rection that we may look for a new day- actually recover the property, and if so, break. The creation of interest in Rus- in what condition it will be turned over sia is timely, for reasons other than those to them. It has been learned that their supplied by the war. An evangelized Rus- houses have been occupied by the military, sia would be as the Temple of God in the despite orders when they were vacated that East. they should be sealed. It will mean much for the saving of the work as well as the Jewi.h Refugees in Russia plant that some of the staff are once more on the ground.-Missionary Herald.

THE Jewish Missionary Intelligencer Open Hearts in Persia reports that some six millions of people from Russian Poland have had to leave A MISSIONARY in Persia writes:· their homes and places of business and "The missionaries who went to Delisettle down in different parts of Russia. man had a very satisfactory stay in that These millions, most of them destitute, place, reporting on their return that much have been planted in towns already over- work can be done there. The Moslems, crowded, owing to the Government having both men and women, are quite ready to commandeered many of the larger hotels, -hear and to discuss matters of religion buildings and houses for hospitals, muni- with the missionary. tion works, training-schools for troops, and for the accommodation of recruits. "In Khoi the work is very open, espe- cially for Mohammedans. In one of the In Petrograd and Moscow the need of villages visited (Mohammedan) I was the refugees is fairly well met. The work thronged morning, noon and night, and the of English, Russian, Polish and Jewish only limit to the work was my own physicommittees have provided food, houses, cal resourceS. Our worker in Khoi has and clothing for refugees in and around certainly thoroughly prepared the soil for those cities. In the smaller cities the need intensive work and it was a grief to have

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

to leave' so soon. I had no difficulty in them. More than a hundred corpses are giving my message and the people were all taken out daily from Aleppo. very ready to listen. One old woman after listening to my tale of how, while people "The more educated inhabitants of Al- were seeking various means of escape in eppo maintain that the Germans do not these days of trouble, I had come to tell really approve of these outrages. Perhaps her of a road of escape I had found from the German people, too, are ignorant of the oppression and misery of sins here these events. How would it be possible and hereafter, turned to her daughter and otherwise for the usually truth-loving said: 'Can your Mullah give you any bet- German press to report the humane treatter word than thatf'" ment of Armenians accused of high trea- son 'I . . • Every cultured human being is A German Proteat Against Atrocities competent to intel'vene, and it is, in fact, his sacred duty to do so. . . . FROM trustworthy German sources comes confirmation reports of atroci- "We know that the Foreign Office has ties committed by the Turks against Chris- already received descriptions of the local tians in Turkey. A protest has been sent condition of affairs frOID other sources. to the German Foreign Office by the Fac- Since, however, the procedure of deportaulty of the German High School at tion has in no way been ameliorated, we Aleppo, Turkey, which states that unless feel it more than ever our duty to submit Germany restrains the Turks the crimes this report for your perusal. and outrages committed by the Turks "will always remain a terrible stain on Ger- "Above all, we realize to the full the many's honor among the generations to danger with which German prestige is here come." The protest in part reads as fol- threatened. lows: "DIRECTOR HUBER, Aleppo, 8th October, 1915. "DR. NIEPAGE, "We feel it our duty to call the attentionof the Foreign Office to the fact that "DR. GRAETNER, our school work, the formation of a basis of civilization and the instilling of respect "M. SPIELER." in the natives, will be henceforward impossible if the German Government is not INDIA in a position to put an end to the brutalities inflicted here on the exiled wives and A Missionary Survey of India children of murdered Armenians. IN response to the desire expressed at "In face of the horrible scenes which take The Continuation Committee Conferplace daily near our school buildings be- ences voted in 1912 that a missionary sur-. fore our very eyes, our school work has vey of India be undertaken as follows: sunk to a level which is an insult to all '£he Indian National Missionary Council human sentiments. . . . should appoint a Committee on Survey. Since large measures of reconstruction "Girls, boys, and women, all practically and readjustment, in the missionary, as in naked, lie on the ground breathing their other spheres, must inevitably result from last sighs amid the dying and among the the war situation a comprehensive survey coffins put out ready for them. of the field appears indispensable. The survey will aim to gather such information "Forty to fifty people reduced to skele- as will guide the Societies and the Indian tons are all that is left of the 2,000 to Church to a duly coordinated policy for 3,000 healthy peasant women driven down each part of the field, and as will enable here from Upper Armenia. The good- the Church in India and at the home base looking ones are decimated by the vice of to realize the nature and extent of the their gaolers, while the ugly ones are task committed to it. Its results are to victimized by beatings, hunger, and thirst. be presented in a report some time in the Even those lying at the water's edge are year 1917. Rev. W. H. Findlay, for many not allowed to drink. Europeans are years an English Wesleyan missionary in prohibited from distributing bread among India, has been appointed Director, with his headquarters in Bangalore, and Rev. W. H. Hannum is to serve as Associate Director.

Conversion of a Holy Man there are lots of diflindt problems con- I N the report of the Marathi Mission nected with them, their parents and so for the current year is told the story forth."

of a guru of the Mahar caste, who exer- Caste Breaking Down cised full sway over nearly 200 villages and" had a following of several hundred REV. F. E. JEFFREY, of Aruppudisciples, and who had been present at a kottai, India, states that a marvelous village preaching service. "He came to revolution is in progress. Twenty-five see us, and said that we must feed him years ago he was stoned for innocently with milk like a mother; that he had taking a low-caste Christian servant missed the true way to God; that he was through the Brahmin street. The other blind, but that light was now beginning day he sat down to a banquet with colto break. Taking a piece of camphor, lege students of all castes, including three he showed us how he prayed; lighting it, divisions of Brahmins. All were served he became absorbed in meditation as he by servants of low-caste extraction. watched its bright flame. Then he told us how he prayed that as the flame left It will be remembered that in Bombay, no trace of ash behind so might his soul last December, an All-India Inter-caste rise to God, absolutely consecrated, with dinner, organized with the avowed object not a trace of earthliness. After one or of doing away with caste differences, was two more interviews, when I found he held. Of the 450 guests from various had been listening to preachers for years rastes 225 were Brahmins, 50 were Indian women, and 20 were the "untouchables."

unmoved, he expressed full readiness to SIAM AND THE LAOS accept Christ. 'I only want to go and What Kru Sook Said give my son a farewell kiss and tell him I am dead,' and the big tears ran down REV. F. L. SNYDER, of Tap Teang, his face. Three Hindus called on him Siam, sends an interesting account the day after his baptism and asked him, of an opportunity which was unexpect- 'Have you become a Christian 0/' His edly given to one of the native preachers simple answer was, 'All my life I've been to witness for Christ in a place of great seeking light and peace. Seeking, seek- influence: ing, seeking-but never finding. Now I "On St. Patrick's Day, His Excellency have found.''' the High Commissioner called a meeting HTEarnest Hindu Students of all the people at the market and ex- HE life here is not only interesting tended a special invitation to all our Christian people to be present. They all and pleasant, it's just great," writes turned out in their best. The principal Mr. Mason Olcott, from Vellore, South business was to secure subscriptions to India. "There are four Hindu chaps in the warship fund. This business over, my Bible class that are all enthusiasm His Excellency the High Commissioner about Jesus Christ. They are trying with proposed a preaching service. First heart and mind to follow Him. Their there was a sermon by the Abbot of Wat earnestness puts us to shame. M. Streene- Po at Nakon-Sri-Thamarat, on the five vasan, for example, read two hundred great commands of Buddha. Next fol- pages of a book, 'The Crown of Hinduism,' lowed a remarkable and lucid talk by in less than three days, in order to learn our chief helper, Kru Sook, giving the something more about Christ. Without reasons why he became a Christian, and any suggestion from outside, he looked setting forth the salient teachings of up all the Bible references in the book that Christianity. Kru Sook did not dream he could not understand. In one week he he would be called on for an address, and read the whole of the Gospel of Matthew, was quite taken by surprise, but God by himself. I wish you all would pray gave him a wonderful message. His for him and the other three who are espe- address was most tactful, gTaceful and ciaIly interested in Christ. Pray also for uplifting, and presented Christianity in me in trying to deal with them wisely, for all its charm and attractiveness. The

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

High Commissioner, the Abbot, and the This unique tract has been pasted up in officials frequently applauded the address many mosques, as a warning to the and afterward spoke, again and again, 'Faithful,' but in so doing, Mohammedan of their profound impression of all that friends have drawn increased attention to Kru Sook said." the original testimony, and to the Scrip- ture texts that were added. CHINA "The Arabic literature is still in de- Political Outlook in China mand by the men who can read it, and we are in touch with many who under- T HE latest report from the China In- stand the Nile Mission Press publica- land Mission workers says that the tions. A Chinese Mullah recently wrote political situation in the provinces to me: generally has considerably improved since Li Yuan-hung succeeded to the " 'I have received the parcel of books Presidency. "There now seems to be you kindly sent (Arabic books at his reasonable prospect of order being fully own request). Many thanks. Through restored, and of a period of peace being your kindness, the compassion of the enjoyed throughout the country. It is True Lord has reached me. 'Blessed are cause for thanksgiving to God that, during the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy.' the time of revolt and consequent unrest (I had in a Chinese letter quoted among the people, while some of our Matthew 5: 6.) 'It is my great desire to workers who reside in the regions more be one of those who understand deep particularly affected were subjected to truths. Receiving the books you sent has strain and anxiety, none of them sus- been like a fountain of water to a thirsty tained personal injury. Nor was the work man." of the Mission in many stations seriously interrupted; on the contrary, at not Practical Christianity in Manchuria a few centers increased opportunities for preaching the Gospel were furnished. One SOME two years ago a band of brigsad result of the temporary loss of con- ands attacked the homestead of a trol by the Central Government, however, Manchurian farmer, named Tung. They is that in several districts which were tied him up, burned his home, and carried previoll,llly regarded as free from the off his property. Mr. Tung, who was a opium curse, the poppy has again been ex- humble Christian man, did not inform tensively planted, and the officials have en- the authorities. He bore his loss, recouraged its cultivation. stored his home, and went on with his work. About two years afterward he Christian Literature for Chinese Moslems met in the city one of the robber band, who seeing that he was recognized, MR. F. HERBERT RHODES, of begged for mercy. Mr. Tung said "I do Chefoo, China, sends to Dr. Samuel not bear any grudge against you. Tell me M. Zwemer the following interesting about yourself." The man hardly believfacts in regard to the results of the dis- ing his ears told the story of his troubles, tribution of Christian literature among among them being that his feet were Chinese Moslems: frost-bitten, that he owed money at the inn but had none left, and was in need "We are just sending out to more than of food. 200 missionaries small parcels of two Christian Parable Tracts: 'Lost in the "Well," Mr. Tung said, "go back and Desert,' and 'The Acceptable Robe,' and get some food," a.nd he gave him some hope to follow later with more. money adding, "Go back and pay your account if you can. I will call for you "In the Testimony Series (also in to-morrow and take you to the hospital Chinese) we have recently sent out num- and see if something can be done for your ber five: the first one, which you sent feet." The man, who feared that behind from Arabia, created snch an impression this generosity there must be some plot that the Chinese Moslems reprinted it t.o capture him, would fain have run word for word, but prefixed a Moslem away in the night, but found it imposstatement as to what they consider truth.

sible, his feet were so bad. Next day of Peking. He writes that Mr. Yung sent Mr. Tung came for him in his own cart, his motor car to take him to the church and took him to the hospital, saying to service. In the afternoon of the same day himself', "Perhaps he will learn of' Jesus the celebration of the Bible Society cenas I did, and will come out a different tennial took place in Peking, and Mr. man," and he did. Yung made an address, speaking earn- estly of the power of the Bible to change Church-going in China men. "Half of the expenses of the cele- l)ration/, Dr. Goodri$ concludes, "in- HI WAS glad when they said unto me, cluding the putting up of the tent, which 'Let us go into the house of the seated 4,000 people, were paid by Mr. Lord.' Here in China as we go to Yung. He has lately promised the Young church on Sunday we notice many minor Men's Christian Association $4,000 (Mexdifferences between a Chinese church ican) a year for some of their educational service and one in Canada. In Weihai- work, and he has in mind other work for wei OUt church bell is rung early Sun- the church." day morning just to let the people know that this is 'Worship Day,' as Tithing in Spite of Famine some of them find it hard to keep track of the days of' the week. Then the A MISSIONARY from north China bell is rung again at church time. On writes: "This province, out of the going into church, probably the first last four years, has had three years of thing a newcomer notices, is that a practical famine, and to this has been family can not all sit together as we added war conditions which have stopped love to see them at home. The older money from coming from Europe. Many boys and men must sit on their own and far-reaching industries rnn by forside, while the women and girls go to eigners and many Chinese businesses have the women's wing. There is no scarcity been destroyed, so that from observation of children in church here; even the it seems within truth to say that the babe of a few months comes as often as people here are worse off in the way of its mother does, and does not miss its food than are the refugees in Belgium and meals either. A Chinese mother does Poland. Right now there are people in not need to 'stay at home with the chil- this province who are stripping the tendren'; she just takes them with her der leaves of the trees to eat, who are eatwherever she wants to go. To be sure ing the last portions of' dried sweet pothe little ones often make a noise, and tato leaves and dried turnip leaves. All are taken out, but there is a good deal through my mountain district I saw of going back and forth anyway. Of women gathering baskets of thistles to eat. course, the older .Christians know better You can imagine what this means to poor and sit still during the service, but Christians sending their children to school, groups of non-Christians often come in much more what it means for the Holy at any time during the service, and go Spirit to have touched the churches of my out if they do not find the service inter- field, to tithe and to plan to build new esting.-J. M. Hattie. churches, as they are doing. In one of the heathen districts in this field on this trip, A Church Member Now some twenty men of a district had sub- scribed a tenth of their earnings, which T HE distribution of 5,000 New Testa- amounted to about one-fifth of the cost ments by Mr. Yung Tao, who de- of the church, and another had given a scribed himself as "not a church member" beautifully located piece of land for a on the slip which accompanied each book, church site, set up on an elevation back containing a personal message for the of the village, surrounded by the hills, like recipient and calling attention to the Jerusalem. I walked all Saturday in· t1re merits of the Bible, was mentioned in the rain in order to worship with them, and September REVIEW. Now the welcome was mighty glad of the privilege." news has come of the baptism of Mr. Yung by Rev. Chauncey Goodrich, D.D.,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

JAPAN-CHOSEN headquarters offices of the American so- Dr. Nitobe and the Teachers ciety in New York and the British society in London, and in 1907 the American O NE thing that is very marked in Japan society set up in Seoul an independent is the growing sense of a higher moral agency. The missionaries object to comstandard for teachers, particularly public peting Bible colportage, and believe that school teachers. This desire is constantly one organization at the same amount of expressed by the Government as well as expense could do a work very much more by many leading officials. Dr. Nitobe, one extensive and very much more thorough. o! the leading Christian educators in The proposition of the Bible committee Tokyo, told recently of a school superin- to the American society is, therefore, not tendent who came to him and said: "Dr. that it shall cease to send Bibles to Nitobe, I am in need of teachers. Will Korea, but that it shall permit the Brityou give me a list of those who you think ish society, which has a well established would be good for my district?" And agency working from its own building, Dr. Nitobe gave him a list of ten names to distribute Bibles from America as well of those whom he knew to be good as those printed in Great Britain. teachers. The superintendent interviewed them all and came back to Dr. Nitobe and The Bible for Every Home said: "I have chosen 'only four out of the ten whose names you gave me. They T HE Oriental Missionary Society is seemed to have a different spirit in their placing a portion of the Bible or a work than the others and appeal to me tract in every house in Japan. During as the most qualified." And Dr. Nitobe six weeks thirteen native and two forsaid it was rather significant that the four he had chosen were the only Christians. ana eign workers covered the entire Sanuki Thus the thoughtful Japanese seem ready to recognize Christ as the great Leader to Province, distributing 128,000 tracts whom men must go. portions of the Bible. Every worker aver- aged 300 homes a day. Every home in The New Premier in Japan this province has received Christian lit- erature, from the houses in the cities to the most isolated in the mountain districts.

IT is significant that the new Premier in A Korean Opinion of American Japan, who takes the place of Count Churches Okuma, is Count Terauchi, who was Governor-general of Korea during the trial of THIS is what Dong Sung Kim says Christians. He is a militarist and a of churchgoing in his "Oriental Imbureaucrat. General Baron Yusaku pressions in America": Uehara, former Minister of War, is to be Governor-general of Korea. "Along with our wonders and sur- prises, we came to one place where we Bibles in Korea were quite disappointed. We used to at- tend, in our homeland, a full prayer- T HE Bible COl;nmittee of Korea, com- meeting with as many people present as prising twenty-two missionaries rep- there were on Sunday; but here in Amerresenting seven missions at work in that ica just a handful of faithful few turned country, the majority being Americans, out for this mid-week service. At the has addressed a very important letter to first prayer-meeting, our pastor told us the American Bible Society seeking to in- that he had the largest prayer-meeting duce it to retire from Korea. in the State, although the crowd was The letter recites that, prior to 1907, quite small. Yet this pastor was such a the British and Foreign Bible Society, wholesome and lovable man of great the Seottish Bible Society and the Ameri- power. He was among the choicest of can Bible Society maintained in Korea the leaders of his State, yet he was una joint agency. which satisfaetorily uni- able to pull the people out to a mid-week fied the work of Bible distribution in that prayer-meeting. fleld. But friction developed between the "Once, in a church, on our travels, we

took the last seat in order to get out Moros, the famous Malay pirates, have re- sooner, but we did not succeed, for some sisted all attempts to pacify them by mili- one followed us out, shook us by the hand tary force. On the large number of small and bid us come back again. This was an islands comprising the southern group unnecessary invitation to us. The moral about 200,000 of the tribe still lead a is, we are not to go to church because semi-nomadic life. They are Mobamme- a half-dozen people come around and pat dans, and are without the civilizing in- our backs and ask us to come back. We fluences that attend the spread of the should attend church because our con- Christian religion. As the Igorots and science directs us to do so."-World Out- other head-hunting tribes of northern look. Luzon were civilized largely by the men who brought them medical relief, it was ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC decided to reach the Moros in the same A Distinguished Filipino way. The hospital ship will go from TEODORO R. YANGCO, of Manila, island to island, meeting the people at es- who has been on a visit to the United tablished points, bringing medical relief States, is one of the striking figures in to the sick and giving medical instruction the commercial, civic and religious life of to the natives.

the Philippines. As president of the Fili- pino Chamber of Commerce, president of NORTH AMERICA the Insular Life Insurance Company, and The New Mandingo Association head of large shipping interests, Mr.

A Yangco is representative of the commercial GROUP of business men and mission- ary leaders have recently formed a ability and leadership of the Filipino peo- ple. Mr. Yangco is also president of the unique corporation to conduct a Christian Young Men's Christian Association of business enterprise in the interior of the Manila, and as a philanthropist is active Guinea district of west Africa. The As- in various enterprises, giving time and sociation has been formed as a result of money to unselfish causes. He has recently the indefatigable work of Mr. M. R. Hil- founded a much-needed orphanage in ford, who was for some years a mission- Manila, and pensions worthy Filipino stu- ary in that district. The purpose and plan dents in America. He has also made of the organization was described in our generous donations to public school build- June number. It has now been incorpo- ings and playgrounds. Mr. Yangco's last rated with a board of fifteen directors, visit to America was in 1886, and his including James H. Post, Wm. Fellowes present tour is for the purpose of making Morgan, Edward C. Delafield, R. Bayard a study of American life and institutions, Cutting and Frank A. Horne. This cor- also hoping to interest American capital poration plans to send Mr. Hilford to in developing the natural resources of the Africa to establish a plantation and cattle Philippine Islands. Mr. Yangco spent ranch where Africans can be made self- several weeks in Washington, gWlllg supporting and at the same time may be counsel in connection with the bill before educated in Christian ideals.

Congress concerning the future of the In this connection a missionary associa- Philippine Islands. tion has been formed with a separate A Hospital Ship for Moros board of nine directors to control the re- ligious part of the work. This Associa"

COOPERATING with the International tion, which is to work in harmony with Health Board of the Rockefeller the denominational mission Boards, in- Foundation, the Philippine government cludes Dr. H. B. Frissell, Dr. Talcott Wil- will send a hospital ship to the Moros of liams, Mr. Mornay ·Williams, Delavan L.

the Sulu Archipelago, in an attempt to Pierson, and W. B. Millar of the Laymen's bring these people under the influence of Missionary Movement. The headquarters civilization. The ship is being equipped, of the Association are at 30 Pille Street, and will be maintained for five years. New York, and the Treasurer is Mr. Ed- For more than two hundred years the ward C. Delafield, of 46 Wall Street.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Leopold Cohn Exonerated were represented in this number, including A COMMITTEE was recently ap- 137 Chinese, 67 Japanese, and 65 Latin pointed at the request of the RE- Americans. Several announced their de- VIEW and of the Moody Bible Institute cision for the Christian life and were bapto investigate charges made against Rev. tized; in this group there was a nephew Leopold Cohn of the Williamsburg Mis- of a former premier in China and a prosion to Jews, Brooklyn, New York. For fessor of science from Japan. Many letters have been received from some years charges have been made per- delegates since the conferences, one of sistently against Mr. Cohn's claims to be them from an Armenian student: "I can an ex-Rabbi, against bis character and not think of a better way of acquainting financial methods. The committee con- the foreign student with the ideals of the sisted of Mr. Hugh R. Monro, vice-presi- American students than by giving him an dent of the Niagara Lithograph Co., and opportunity to attend the s.tudent Confe~­ treasurer of the National Bible Institute, ences; false ideas and notions formed m Mr. E. B. Buckelew, secretary of the Ex- the minds of the foreign student concerntension Department of the Moody Bible ing student life in this great country are Institute and Rev. John F. Carson, D.D., cleared and he is enabled to get a clear former moderator of the Presbyterian picture of all that is right and pure. If General Assembly. Mr. R. M. Hart, a there is anyone thing in the world that lawyer served as council for the Com- will help to increase the prestige of Amermittee.' The character and ability of ica in foreign countries, it is the foreign these men are sufficient to give authority student educated and cultivated in this to their verdict. After very thorough and country." painstaking investigation they found all of the charges "unproved"; they ex- Twenty Japanese delegates at Northpressed confidence in the Christian character of Mr. Cohn and highly commended fpieerldi~linNcaluvdyi,ntgherelparregseesnt tcaotimv~eesrcoifatlheinItemr– ests, the Imperial Pos~al SerVICe, and other the work of the mission and, in general, prominent interests, SIgned a statement exthe financial system in operation. The committee suggested some improvements pressing their deep appreci~tion o~ the in- vitation which had made It pOSSIble for in the methods and these are to be them to attend the conference, and conadopted by Mr. Cohn. The charges have evidently been due either to misunder- cluding with these words: "Be it further resolved, that the J apanstandings or to malice. It is earnestly ese students, having enjoyed themo~t helphoped that they will now be dropped and ful fellowship not only with theIr own that the work of Jewish evangelism will Japanese fellow-students, but with stube no longer hindered. "There has been dents of America and of other lands, and abundant testimony," says the report, caught the vision of larger things in life, by pastors, missionaries and other Chris- and seen the possibility of world brothertian workers of the highest character, hood, pledge to stand ready to coop~rate who have been in close association with fully with the members of the Co.mmlttee Mr. Cohn and his work for periods of on Friendly Relations among ForeIgn Stufrom five to twenty years, affirming in dents in furthering its cause and executstrongest terms his integrity and self- ing its program among all the Japanese sacrificing devotion to the cause of Jew- students in America." ish evangelism." Further inquiries may be made from Mr. Hugh R. Monro, 209 The Union Missionary School West 38th Street, New York. THE control of the Union Missionary Foreign Students at Conferences Training Institute, of 131 Waverly Avenue, Brooklyn, was taken over by the As guests of the Friendly Relations National Bible Institute, of 214 West Committee, 330 foreign students at- Thirty-fifth Street, Manhattan, at the an- tended summer conferences in the United nual meeting of. the corporation and the States this year. Over thirty nationalities Board of the Brooklyn institution.

Don O. Shelton, president of the Bible soldiers signed clean-living cards. Chris- Institute, was elected president in place of tian manhood was the foundation of the Rev. Dr. Jesse W. Brooks, resigned. appeal made publicly and in personal in- The Institute wiil become the Brooklyn terviews.

Department of the National Bible Insti- It is not often that a Bible class teacher tute, but will continue along the same lines is given three cheers as an expression of as in the past. It is expected that as a re- appreciation. In the Army Young Men's sult of the merger the number of pupils Christian Association building at Douglas, in the Waverly Avenue institution will Arizona, eight nationalities were repre- be increased. sented in a group led by the secretary as Several vacancies in the Board of the follows: Polish, Hebrew, Canadian, Ameri- Missionary Institute have been filled by the can, Italian, Irish, Scotch and English.

election of trustees of the National Bible It was after the class broke up that the Institute. Beside Mr. Shelton, the officers Hebrew representative proposed the three are: John M. Harris, vice-president; J 0- cheers for the leader, which were given seph A. Richards, secretary, and Hugh R. with enthusiasm.

Monro, treasurer.

The Experience of a Tither Gordon Bible College M R. H. Z. DUKE, a well-known Bap- tist layman of Dallas, Tex., is a firm T HE Gordon Missionary Institute in believer in tithing, and gives his own ex- Boston has entered a new period of perience as the ground of his. belief: development, with a new building, Frost Hall, and a new legal name, Gordon Bible "I went into a mercantile business, College. The entrance requirement is now known as j he 'five-and-ten-cent business,' college preparation or its equivalent, and in Bowie, Tex., in 1894, and in January the curriculum includes eighty courses re- following my pastor, Brother F. M. Mcquired for the varied needs of its stu- Connell, and I agreed to tithe for one year. dents, including thirty-two courses in the Before the year was out I said: 'This suits Bible in English and Greek, fourteen in !)le, and I will tithe, not for one year only, theology, psychology, ethics and apolo- but for life.' The business prospered from getics, fourteen in rhetoric, homiletics, the start, although begun in a small way. and literature, twelve in history of Chris- Having only about $700 capital, doing a tianity, missions and comparative religion, strictly cash business, both in buying and and eleven in pedagogy, phonetics, evan- seiling, of course our business was limited. gelism, sociology, hygiene, stenography Yet the first year our tenth was $110; the and expresskn. second year, $154; third, $360; fourth, $388; fifth, $330; sixth, $662; seventh, The School of Theology and the School $556; eighth, $150; ninth, $556 i tenth, of Missions both report strong work al- $1,040; eleventh, $650; twelfth, $1,223; ready accomplished and large plans for the thirteenth, $1,221; fourteenth, $1,143; fifcoming year.

teenth, $2,742. I have tried the Lord in Cheers at a Border Bible Class this business way, and I would no more REPORTS from secretaries of the Army quit tithing than I would quit providing Young Men's Christian Association, for my family."

in charge of Association activities in the military camps on the Mexican border, Help for German Missions T say that the opportunities for religious HE Lutheran pastors of several states have agreed to raIse money to conwork are almost without limit. There are men in the camps of all kinds and tinue the German Lutheran Missions in beliefs. They have considerable leisure, British India, which at present are de- but often do not know what to do with prived of all their missionaries. It is it and are glad to listen to anything which considered that $5,200 is necessary to keep will fill in their spare time. the work going financially-and plans are In thl' "Clean-Living Campaign," con- being made to secure this amount. There ducted by the Association, thousands of is also an appeal for volunteers who would

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

be willing to go to India as missionaries available plan, they conducted such a conto fill the vacancies. Heading this appeal ference September 16th to 23rd, at Stillis Dr. L. V. Wolf, Treasurer of the Mis- man Institute, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, where sion Committee of the General Synod in the dormitory and equipment were placed Baltimore. The Neuendettelsauer Mission at their disposal. in German New Guinea is cared for by the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Iowa The conrse provided by the conference and other states. Since the outbreak of included Bible teaching and talks on Christhe war this Mission has received from tian living, Christian homes, the relation- America $1,500. The Rhenish Mission in ship between the home and the school, the New Guinea has also received help from physical care of children, home making America.-Evangelisches Missions Maga- and community service. zin. AFRICA The Indians as Farmers Effects of War in East Africa T HE Indian Office has taken aggressive C ONSIDERABLE fighting has been steps toward the development of im- taking place between British and proved vocational training and has adopted German troops in German East Africa. plans which will accomplish the education Though news of it is very slow in coming, necessary to instil in the Indian youth the it is of interest to all friends of missions responsibilities of self-support and citi- because of its effect on the future of that zenship. Emphasis is being placed on region. The British are reported to have agriculture and domestic science. All In- taken several important points. dian schools and reservations are being required to utilize every acre of available The Rev. A. W. McGregor who, since farm land for the production of the things his return to East Africa, has been atthey consume. They are fast becoming tached to the East Africa Brigade as chapobject lessons of industry, economy, and lain, visited his old station at Taveta last self-support. Every effort is being put April, and describes the hills on which the forth to the end that the Indians shall no mission buildings were situated as honeylonger be altogether consumers but shall combed with trenches and bomb-proof become producers. The number of acres shelters. With respect to the converts he farmed by the Indians has been greatly in- says that Yohana Nene ( an African deacreased during the last year, more than con) and two evangelists who remained at three times the amount of seed having heen the station, had been imprisoned-Yohana distributed last spring than ever before. for refusing to give up his daughter to the There is now every indication that the In- German officer. Before the Germans redian will soon become a real farmer and tired from Taveta they sent the Christians successful stock raiser. The Indian Office at the station to Morogoro, and rumors has developed a new type of cotton of the are current from native sources that two long staple Egyptian variety which has of the workers just mentioned have been been given the name of "Pima," after the executed. name of the Indian reservation in Arizona on which it was produced. On May 26th a cable arrived in London stating that the native clergy and teachers Conference for Negro Women in the northern archdeaconry of the Zan- zibar diocese had been imprisoned by the T HE women of the Southern Presby- Germans, and twenty of them had died terian Church who have been espe- from hardships. The European missioncially interested in the problems of the aries interned by the Germans were all negro women, feel that the greatest diffi- well. culty is the lack of leaders among the women themselves. Work for Moslem Children in Cairo Believing that a summer conference or THE World's Sunday-school Associatraining-school for negro women would lition, of which Rev. and Mrs. Stephen do more to meet this need than any other Trowbridge are the representatives in Cairo, reports excellent progress among Moslem children in Cairo. Thousands of

parable stories in Arabic and of the lives persons to give up using European spirits of Livingstone and Hogg, eagerly read by entirely, and many native traders to with- Moslem children, are being distributed draw themselves from the traffic. We through the Sunday-school, and the Sun- ar) told that now very many interior naday-school attendance is doubling at many tives would not buy any class of gin in any points. Teacher-training books in Arabic of the markets where it had been before and pamphlets for workers are being the chief article of trade; and that this printed and distributed. The Sunday- measure of success has been sufficient to school committee is planning to issue a alarm several European traders and cause Boys' Own Magazine in Arabic to offset them to be very anxious for the future of the stories of crime and other demoraliz- the trade in this line." ing literature for boys which is being sold. Needs of Con~o Land Mr. Trowbridge says: "Last Sunday I visited a Sunday-school among the very T HOUGH the Congo River was discovpoorest of the Coptic and Moslem people ered seven. years before Columbus in the Boulac quarter of Cairo. The fifty reached America, it was not till after or more who gathered for the Sunday- Stanley's descent of it, in 1877, that Protschool were among the dirtiest people I estant Mission work began there. The have ever seen in my life. It made one's Gospel is now being preached in about heart yearn to help them. This Sunday- twenty-five languages. In many places school has .been open only four weeks. the principal evangelists are now Chris- There are three classes-for boys, girls tian natives. The five thousand churchand women. On Sunday morning I members of the English Baptist Missionpreached for the first time in Arabic at a ary Society subscribe $40,000 a year to church service following the Sunday-school the work, and provide 600 responsible in the Mahmasha district of Cairo. It was teacher-evangelists, besides other helpers. hard work for me, but I think the people Other societies have had similar success. understood. I am so glad to be able to But the call for missionaries is still urgent. express myself somewhat in Arabic, for it brings me so much closer to the people. The area of the Congo Basin is 150,000 All the Copts in Egypt use the Arabic square miles-more than twenty-five times language and are thus accessible with the as large as England. Its population is Sunday-school literature we are using." unknown, but certainly numbers many millions. There are numerous languages, An Elijah II. Movement in Nigeria still unwritten (perhaps a hundred or more). The only religion of the people A NATIVE teacher in the New Calabar is the degrading superstition of fetishism district, named Garrick Sekari Braid, They fancy that evil spirits or evil-discalls himself Elijah 11., the prophet spoken posed illen bring sickness and death, and of in Mal. 4: 5. everything else that is bad. Thousands of innocent men and women are killed Other subordinate teachers have risen on charges of witchcraft. The only prowho describe themselves as the "sons of tection of the people lies in charms. Their the prophet." They all speak as though poor religion has nothing to do with sm their utterances were really those of God and salvation, character and conduct; Himself, and Garrick is treated with the they have no hope of eternal life. utmost reverence by both chiefs and the common people. A New Race of Pigmies Faith healing is prominent in the move- A NEW race of pigmies has been disment, and as confession of sins is required covered in the central portion of the before healing, what is almost the confes- French Congo, according to The Scientific sional has been instituted. American. Members of this race never surpass four feet nine inches in height and There is, however, good in the move- are often smaller. They have vague noment. It leads the people to cultivate the tions of good and evil, and a certain cult of spirit of prayer. Bishop Johnson, writing the dead. They are said to be very valiin the Church Missionary Review, says: "It is inducing a very large number of

NEWS }'ROM MANY LANDS

art in the def<lnse of their liberty and in- school superintendents, leaders of young dependence. They live in huts of hemi- men's and young women's societies, and spherical shape, erected in the forests, the principal believers of the whole disfrom five to thirty of these buildings being trict. grouped together. "For these meetings many had tramped Forty Years in Livingstonia four, eight and ten miles, in order that they might meet the representatives of the FORTY years ago the Free Church of Christians of France-the first that most Scotland founded its mission in Ny- of them had seen, apart from their regular a~~aland, and called it Livingstonia. Rev. missionaries, and they said: 'Now we be- Donald Fraser, in a historical sketch re- lieve in the love of our fathers of France, cently published, emphasizes some of the and we have seen them through you. Tell changes which the years have brought. them that they must not abandon us, for The Arab slave-dealer has disappeared j we are still children.' Yes, perhaps, they the Ngoni have laid aside their raiding are children j but they are learning to habits and become peaceable taxpayers and walk in a very encouraging way. Not laborers. A telegraph line runs through only do they build their own meeting the country, bringing its scattered popu- places and schools, supporting also their lation within a few hours' reach of Lon- own native pastors, but several catechists don. A regular mail service calls every and evangelists are paid by funds raised week at the Chinde mouth of the Zam- among the natives. They are well on the besi. way to becoming a self-supporting and properly organized church." When the missionaries came to Nyassa, they found a people without an industry, OBITUARY NOTES whose wealth was mainly got by plunder or by selling one another. There was no Dr. Underwood, of Korea literature, no written language. Ancestral spirits were scrupulously worshiped, and A VERY great loss to the Christian witch doctors controlled and interpreted Church and an irreparable loss to the spirit world. Hideously cruel customs Korea comes in the death of Rev. Horace throttled the people. To-day scores of Grant Underwood, D.D., LL.D., of Seoul, thousands of men are engaged in remun- Korea. Dr. Underwood was born in Engerative labor. land fifty-eight years ago and came to America in his boyhood. He was gradu- Eight languages have been reduced to ated from Rutgers College and from New writing, and there are now 850 schools in York University and went out to Korea the Livingstonia Mission alone, with 51,- as a pioneer missionary of the Presby- 000 pupils. Few villages are now without terian Church in 1884. Dr. Underwood the opportunity of an education. was a brother of John T. Underwood of the Underwood Typewriter Company, and The Christians of Madagascar was president of Union College in Seoul. He was for four years administrator of REV. DANIEL COUVE, one of the di- the Arthur T. -Pierson Memorial Bible rectors of the Paris Missionary So- School in Seoul-a union training insticiety, who recently made a journey to tution for Christian workers. Dr. Under- Madagascar, describes his visit to the dis- wood died in Atlantic City, N. J., on trict of Vonizongo, which was the scene of October 12th, after a lingering illness, many martyrdoms at the time of the great and is survived by his wife, who was Miss persecutions under the cruel queen Rana- Lilas Horton of Chicago, and by two valona: sisters. A fuller notice will appear later.

tiNow this great district comprises sev- Dr. Marcellus Bowen of Turkey enty churches, divided into twelve groups, each group being in charge of an evan- DR. MARCELLUS BOWEN, repregelist. Representatives of these seventy sentative of the American Bible Sochurrhes were convened in four large ciety in Constantinople since 1888, died gatherings, and by this means I met all the October 3rd in Geneva, Switzerland, in evangelists, pastors, preachers, Sunday- his seventy-second year. Dr. Bowen was

a princely man of unusual ability, and and most effective service in the Madura his advice was sought by many American Mission, his influence not only dominating Ambassadors on account of his knowledge that mission, but being felt in all the mis- of the Turks, Bulgarians, Greeks, Egyp- sionary movement in India. He was at tians, and Sudanese. He was born in various times located in several stations, Marion, Ohio, in 1844, and was graduated but his last and distinctive work, that from Yale University in 1866. Six years which rccupied him for more than a score later Dr. Bowen was graduated from the of years, was as principal of the Theo- Union Theological Seminary, and was or- logical Seminary in Pasumalai. This indained into the Presbyterian ministry. stitution he made one of the strong forces During 1872-74 he was a pastor in Spring- of the Mission, securing the funds, and field, N. J., and then went to Smyrna as supervising the erectiolr of a fine building a missionary, remaining there for ten which is now its quarters. years. On his return to America he becaine principal of a private school for In addition to his teaching work, Dr. boys in Hartford, Conn., but in 1888 he J ones was indefatigable in literary labors, was sent to Constantinople as agent of thtl being editor of the United Church Herald, American Bible Society. In his nearly and in 1912 editor of the India Mission twenty years of service there, Dr. Bowen Year Book, a most valuable compendium became greatly beloved by his fellow mis- of missionary activities throughout India. sionaries and was an honored counselor in the missionary circle. His work foJ' He was compelled by ill health to re~ the Bible Society was manifold, including turn to America in 1914, and he then the supervision of translation work; the accepted a professorship in the Kennedy printing at Constantinople in six or seven School of Missions, Hartford, Connectilanguages and at Beirut in two or three; cut, where he was able to render distinthe circulation of Scriptures in thirty- guished service to the missionary cause. three languages, including the Armenian, Greek, Slavic and Hebrew groups, and Rev. Wilbur C. Swearer of Korea Turkish, Arabic, Persian, Syriac, Albanian, Roumanian etc.-averaging in re- ONE of the recent losses to the missioncent years.over one hundred thousand ary forces in Korea comes with the volumes a year. death of the Rev. Wilbur C. Swearer, a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal During the present war the difficulty of Church, who died at Adams, N. Y., on Sepreaching his entire field from Constantin- tember 11th. Dr. Swearer was for a time ople led Dr. Bowen to transfer temporar- a member of the Board of Trustees of the ily his headquarters to Geneva, where he Pierson Memorial Bible School in Seoul. died. W. Sjoeholm of Sweden Rev. J. P. Jones of India T HE death of Mr. W. Sjoeholm, sec~ REV. JOHN PETER JONES, D.D., retary of the Swedish Missionary So- for many years one of the most able ciety, has been a great loss not only to missionaries of the American Board in his own society, but to the entire mission India, died in Hartford, Conn., on October work of Sweden. He was secretary of the 3rd. Dr. Jones was a Welchman, but Executive Committee of the General came to America at an early age and was Swedish Mission Conference. Secretary educated at Western Reserve College Sjoeholm entered the Missionary Insti- (1875), and at Andover Theological Sem- tute of the Swedish Mission Society in inary (1878). He was ordained and 1886. In 1889 he arrived at his field of married at Hudson, Ohio, and with his labor in the Congo, where he remained wife sailed in 1878 for his field in South until 1903. In 1904, at the General Con- India. For 36 years he rendered a varied ference, he was chosen secretary of the Society, where he was used of God greatly until he passed to be with his Lord.

MKSSKONAJRY IJ1BlRARY

The Disintegration of Islam. By Rev. The Christian Movement in the Japanese Samuel W. Zwemer, D.D., F.R.G.S. EInpire. 1916. Edited by Dr. J. L. lliustrated, 8vo. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Dearing. 8vo. 556 pp. $2.00, net. The Revell Co., New York, 1916. Conference of Federated Missions, Japan. For sale by The Missionary Education It has taken Dr. Zwemer nearly thirty Movement, New York, 1916. years of constant study, wide travel, personal experience, and Christlike devotion One must examine carefully this mine and sacrifice to make him the authority of information on Japan in order to unthat he is to-day on all things Moslem. derstand the magnitude of the missionary His books and addresses have spread in- work in Japan, Korea and Formosa. The formation and interest in Mohammedan- general survey describes the events of the ism allover the world. year and is followed by an account of the federated movements and the denomina- This latest book from Dr. Zwemer shows tional and other Christian activities. The conclusively that Islam is dying and re- evangelistic campaign has been fruitful. veals the causes. The lectures reveal the The one thousand meetings reported an author's fiery zeal and keen insight; they attendance of nearly 200,000 hearers and are entertaining reading though they deal over 9,000 inquirers. The story of the with superstition, fatalism, sin and dis- moral and religious conditions in Japan integration. Even the efforts to rejuvenate show that gambling, concubinage, drink- Islam have failed. One of the most il- ing and licentiousness are exceedingly luminating chapters is that on the present prevalent. From some districts the reday attitude of Moslems toward Christ. ports came, "No prostitutes but almost all adults licentious." This acknowledged Old Spain and New America. By Robert condition alone is sufficient to prove the McLean and Grace P. Williams. Illus· need of Christian missions. There are trated, 12mo., 161 pp. The Association both lights and shadows in this informing Press, New York, 1916. volume.

Spanish Americans in the United States The China Mission Year Book. 1916. are almost as unknown to the majority of Edited by the China Continuation Comthe population as are the people of Latin- mittee. 8vo., 554 pp. $2.00. Christian American lands. They are introduced in Literature SOCiety for China, Shanghai, this text-book of the Council of Women 1916. for Home Missions. If any doubt that Mexicans in .the United States, Cuba and This handbook, indispensable for all in- Porto Rico need evangelical Christian terested in China, is the seventh annual teaching they will be convinced by these volume, but the first edited by the China graphic glimpses of the intellectual, social Continuation Committee. There are eighty and religious conditions among them. contributors to the various sections. Dr. Many will be astonished to learn of the Arthur H. Smith, the well-known writer work of the Protestant churches along in China, describes the past two decades of evangelistic, educational, medical and so- missions, politics and social developments cial lines. These foreign missions on in China. Mr. F. L. Platt tells of the Home Mission territory present charac- constitutional developments and Consul teristics of both types of work. The his- Julean Arnold reports encouragingly on tory of the Spaniards in America is fas- economic and commercial conditions. The cinating and mission work among them section on evangelism is especially interabounds in heroic sacrifice and encourag- esting as it reports actual experiences and ing achievement. results during the year. The missionary directory is omitted.

}'or any who seek reliable up-to-date Men and World Service. Report of th{' knowledge of China and Chinese missions National Missionary Congress, Washing· this volume is tbe storehouse whence they ton, D. C. 8vo., 350 pp. $1.50. Lay· may draw. mens' Missionary Movement, New York, 1916. The Apostles of India. By J. N. Ogilvie. 12mo, 447 pp. 6s., net. Hodder and A world of inspiration and information Stoughton, London, George H. Doran, lies bound up in these reports and ad- New .York, 1916. dresses. The ablest speeches and most ac- tiv3 lay workers in America contributed These Baird Lectures were delivered to make the Congress an epoch-making last year by the honorary Fellow of the gathering of a thousand men. Every pas- University of Madras, India, now minis- tor, especially those who could not go to ter of New Grey Friars Parish, Edin- the Congress, would do well to see that burgh. They are exceedingly well written this report brings the Congress to them. biographical sketches of the founders of the Christian Church in India – St. The Why and How of Missions in the Tho mas, Pantaenus of Alexandria, Sunday-School. By William Brown. Francis Xavier, Aleixo de Menezes, Robert 12mo., 126 pp. 50 cents net. Fleming de Nobili, and the better known Protestant H. Revell 00., 1916. pioneers, Ziegenbalg, Schwartz, Carey, Martyn and Duff. Live Sunday-school workers are coming more 'and more to realize that the teachers Dr. Ogilvie has consulted Roman Catho- and superintendents who fail to give their lic as well as Protestant authors, and his pupils a vital interest in God's program accounts of the work of representatives of for the world are dead. Mr. Brown, the the papacy contain many interesting facts. International Sunday-school Missionary Francis Xavier, for instance, reports in superintendent is a practical and stimuhis letters the methods which he followed lating speaker and writer. He tells why in gaining converts. He memorized the and how Sunday-school workers should Creed, Lord's Prayer, the Ave Maria and enlist their pupils in missionary work in Ten Commandments in Tamil and then a way that will thrill and uplift them. required the people who attended his Some valuable hints are given on missionmeetings to learn them. When this was ary programs and libraries. done and they assented to the creed, Xavier baptized them in large multitudes. Sunday·School Missionary Incidents and Exercises. By John W. Somerdike. All the biographical sketches are valu- 12mo., 105 pp., paper. 25 cents. Presby· able studies in missionary character and terian Board of Publications, Phila· method. delphia, 1916.

The Black Prophet. By Guy F. Phelps. An excellent little handbook for the use 8vo., 360 pp. $1.35 net. The Standard of teachers and speakers to children. It Press, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1916. has ideas for graded studies, a number of stories and five fifteen-minute programs. This well told and interesting story is as polemic against the practises of the A Challenge to Life-Service. By Frederick Rom a n Catholic Church – especially M. Harris and Joseph O. Robbins. 16mo., against the confessional and the calebate 152 pp. 50 cents. National Board of priesthood. The facts and arguments are the Y. W. O. A., New York, 1916. woven into a love story and reveal in powerful word pictures the evils that so often, Young men and young women still unif not always, accompany the giving of settled as to their Ilfe work will find defauthority to grant absolution and hear inite guidance in this statement of princiconfessions by men subject themselves to ples and challenge to unselfish service. temptations and sin. It is a book to open The world never called so loudly as now the eyes of those who have not understood for men and ':Vornen who will give themthe evils too frequently found in the selves to Christlike work. These practical Roman Catholic church in all lands. Bible studies are arranged, with daily Bible readings, to cover, twelve weeks. The thought questions are such as will pro- voke helpful discussion.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1916

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MHSSHONA~Y rI~L.s 1. Nearly two million voll111~es of the Bible or portions' of the Bible were issued in China last year by the American Bible Society. It is difficult to keep pace with the deman:1. (See page 276.) 2. Dr. Vanless, a medical missionary in India, has within one year per- formed twice as many operations as the total perfori1: ecl in all the gm'ernment hospitals within a raclitls of 250 miles from J'liraj, where his hospital is located. (See page 269.) 3. Puhlic health campaigns, conductecl by Y. M. C. A. workers, are reaching' thousands of men and wo:nen in Chit~a, and demonstrate some of the by-;crocll1cts of Christian missions. (See page 3Cl6.) 4. Large territories in IncI:a ;>re sti1l who:!y unevan~,elizecl. In Bengal. for exa:llple, there are nineteen million people without a single Christian living among them. (See page 3~1.) 5': 'hile there have been hindrances atld iosses to Christianity in India. clue to the European war, the spiritual l'aills to the native church up to the present time are reportecl by Mr. Bel-bert Anderson, an experienced missionary, to outweigh all other losses. (See page 266.) 6. At the beginning of American occupation of the Philippine Islands, the Bihle was almost an unknown factor in the life of th~ islanders. ).Jow, howcnf, the Billie societies have issued the Bible in whole or in part in thirteen different languages of the islands. (See page 276.) 7. At the dedication service of the catheclral in Tai An Fu, Chilla, the preacher was a missionary who in the Boxer year had been obliged to flee for his life from tbat same city. (See page 307.) 8. One of the great opportunities in America is that among the 1110re than four thousand students from foreign countries, destined to be future leaders in their home lands, rho are now studying in educational insti- ttltiOllS ill the United States. (See page 310.) 9. At the reCJuest of Chinese Christians, a native hotel-keeper in IIankolY, China, has agreed to place a copy of the :elV Testament in each of the bedrooms of his hotel. (See page 311.) 10. Fifty cuts on the body of a fiye-months-old baby found by a missionary in ' est A frica had been macle by a witch-doctor in order to let out evil spirits. This is but one evidence of paganism and the neecl for Chris- tian teaching. (See page 315.) 11. If peace comes to :Iexico under the Carranza governl11ent, Protestant Christianity will have an unusual opportunity in educational work. Already several prominent Protestant Christians have been appointed to responsible educational ;)ositions. (See page 2-13.) A snapshot of the Chairman of the Congress on Christian "Vork in Latin America, which met at Panama. February 10 to 19, 1916 MISSI RY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXIX. No. 4 APRIL, 1916 Vol. XXIX, No.4 Old Series New Series 111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111 11111111 T HOPEFUL SIGNS IN INDIA glory of Christ that His Gospel can HE movements for the develop- take the ignorant and despised sin- ment of an intelligent native ners and elevate them to a high Christian leadership in India are plane of character, intelligence, and most encouraging. Native Indian influence. missionary societies have been formed to reach the unevangelized, At the Conference, among the inand conferences of Indian Christians teresting topics discust were: (I) the are held annually. During the last disabilities of Indian Christians in week in December, the second All- certain provinces; (2) the need for Indian Conference was convened at technical training; (3) the Christians Allahabad. About seventy-five dele- and military service; (4) the divorce gates came representing bodies of laws and (5) Christians in public Christians in fifteen provinces. There office. A remarkable spirit of harwere clergymen, legislators, physi- mony prevailed in spite 9f the fact cians, lawyers, judges, police officers, that the delegates came from so public officials, college professors, many different denominations; provteachers, engineers, and business inces and walks in life. men. All except two were university men. This in itself is an The recent Eddy campaigns in answer to the slur that all Indian India may be expected to have a Christians are ignorant, low-caste still greater effect on the coming Hindus. The Gospel is preached to generation than on the present. In the poor and the outcast, but it is the South India alone over 310,000 peo- ple listened to the Gospel and 835 new villages were entered. There The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opini(}ns exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.~EDITORS.

were 8,000 volunteer workers en- celebrated its jubilee. On March 3rd, listed and over 13,000 enrolled in the Young Women's Christian As- Bible training classes. The decisions sociation marked its fifty-year milefor Christ numbered 6,422. In stone with appropriate pageants and Madura there were 3,000 Hindus demonstrations. The Association, present every night. which was organized in Boston in 1866, has, like the Y. M. C. A., SPIRITUAL UNREST AMONG HINDUS spread into many parts of the world and has a magnificent headquarters T HERE are some signifi>cant signs building in New York. The key- words of its history are "Sisterhood of spiritual unrest and the break- and Service." The following striking down of Hinduism. Rev. Nor- ing contrasts reveal some of the man Tubbs, of Agra, writes that marks of growth and world-wide Christian thoughts and ideals are servIce. sapping the very foundations of Hindu beliefs and customs. "Many "1866: Thirty members formed the of us," he says, "feel that there may first Young Women's Christian Associacome before long a great landslide tion in Boston. of the upper classes to Christianity. But that will never come until there "1916: There are 350,000 members in is a deepened sense of sin and the 245 city, 721 student, and 15 county message of the Cross is accepted. associations. The Brahman is hardened with spiritual pride, but a large Christian "1866: In the first rooms the religious Church drawn from the despised meetings, educational classes, and emoutcastes, cleansed, sanctified, up- ployment bureaus were started. lifted, and educated, will do more than anything else to convince the "At the present time 48,000 in Bible proud Brahman of sin and salva- study, 23,000 in mission study, 45,000 in tion." educational classes, and 50,000 place- ments. in employment bureaus'. There is need for a great educated Christian leadership in India, but "In 1872 Hartford dedicated the first many missionaries testify that where building erected distinctly for a Young the work among low-castes is most Women's Christian Association. There successful there are the greatest op- are now 189 buildings owned by associaportunities for reaching the higher tions in the national movement, valued at castes also. nine million dollars.

YOUNG WOMEN'S WORLD WORK "In 1877 a boarder in the Boston home taught calisthenics. To-day there are I T is difficult to believe that organ- 58,000 in classes in the department of physical education and hygiene, with ized missionary work by women is 197 gymnasiums. only a half-century old. Yet it is true the first women missionaries were sent "In 1866 Poughkeepsie started a girls' out to the foreign fields only about branch. Now 138 associations have a a half-century ago and the first membership of 18,000 girls. woman's missionary society recently "In 1894 Agnes Gale Hill was sent as the first foreign secretary to India. The National Board has now thirty-eight secretaries in India, China, Japan, South America, and Turkey."

OF THE

PROTESTANTISM IN MEXICO l1pright and worthy and loyal to the modern principles of democracy. pEACE has not yet come to unhappy Therefore, they have been welcomed Mexico. The Carranza forces by the leaders of the revolution and are holding important positions all are endeavoring to establish a stable over the country. Missionary schools and enlightened government, but Villa have sent out hundreds of graduates and his followers continue to wage who have proved to be broadminded, guerrilla warfare not only against patriotic, trustworthy, and loyal to their Mexican opponents but against the modern principles of democracy. Americans in Mexico and on the The graduates are classed with the border in the United States. graduates of other great public in- stitutions of learning. In general, Religious liberty has been guaran- the leaders of the present revolution teed by the Carranza de facto gov- are ready to give any man his due, ernment, but the authorities have and to accept men because of their shown Roman Catholic orders, so individual worth. They make no dis- long supreme in Mexico, that they tinction whatever in regard to private are not wanted. No Christian will creed or philosophical views. They condone acts of violence against the are looking for men of character. priests, friars, and nuns of Mexico, There, therefore, is a great chance for or any other land, and it is earnestly the evangelical Christians in showing hoped that the new government will the practical value of their creed." show true toleration of all that is lawful and righteous, and will make MEXICAN PROTESTANT LEADERS the larrd one where rich and poor, learned and ignorant, Roman Catholic AMONG the leading Protestants and Protestant will enjoy equal rights and protection. now in office under the Carranza government are: Professor Laenz (a The attitude of the present ad- Presbyterian), State Superintendent ministration toward Protestants is of Guanajuato; and Professor Andres especially friendly_ This is due in Osuna (a Methodist), Director Genpart to their greater enlightenment eral of Primary Education in the and faithfulness and in part to the un- Federal District and the territories. favorable results of Roman Catholic domination in former years. A It is a significant fact that the highly educated Protestant Mexican Protestant Christians are to be so correspondent writes: influential in public education work. Miss Juana Palacios, who has super- "The revolution has been trying vision over 108 teachers, reports that to bring under control the power tho these teachers are Roman Cathof the Roman Catholic Church and olics, she has the good will and symtheir constant efforts to work against pathy of all but five. Prof. Velasco, human rights and against the mod- a Methodist, also an official under ern principles of democracy. There- the new government, who was sent fore, they believe that no one can to Boston in charge of 45 Mexican help them better than those who un- teachers to visit American schools, derstand human rights and who will writes: "I believe that the Lord has work toward their full establishment. Protestants have shown themselves

given the Protestants in Mexico the the principal evangelical forces, engreatest opportunity to rebuild the gaged in carrying the Gospel to country, in cooperation with the the un evangelized in Latin America, government, to uplift the people and have met together in conference and to show them what the Gospel life have prepared for a continuance of can do for the people through their work and for positive and Christian education." practical results.

Another Protestant Christian of- The story of the Congress IS ficial writes: "The evangelistic Chris- ably tolel in another page by the tians are having now in Mexico the chairman. The effect on the delegreatest opportunities of their lives. gates, on the church and Christians The leaders of the revolution and the in North America and on the Latin most prominent government officials Americans can not be foretold. The have great confidence in those Chris- three hundred delegates were earnest, tians who have heen true to their consecrated men and women. They convIctIOns and are giving them did not all agree as to aims or prominent positions in the govern- method but all are devoted to the ment, in educational work, and in cause of Christ. All were not satisthe army… In general they are fied with all the positions taken, but giving a good account of themselves." none could doubt the sincerity and consecration of those from whom Dr. John W. Butler, who has spent they may differ. Even the discusforty years in Christian work in sions and disagreements may be Mexico, also sends his valuable testi- used of God to promote interest in mony to the effect that "Protestant the spiritual welfare of Latin Amerimissions have been moving forward cans. The greatest results from the in a wonderful way. Attendance at Congress may come frqm a church church has been on the increase and at home awakened to its responsi- Protestant schools are more largely bility by the returning delegates and attended than ever before. The mas- by the printed reports. The Conses are steadily advancing and have gress should mark a new era and a begun to think and act for them- new beginning for missionary work selves. The supreme opportunity for in Latin America. Ve have looked the evangelization of Mexico is at on the field with clearer vision; now hand. While the complete separa- we must pray for laborers and go tion of church and state has been into the harvest field with greater consummated, there is no intolerance devotion. in matt~rs of religion and the people are more susceptible than ever before Some denominations and some to religious teaching." earnest Christians held aloof from the Congress because of what we AFTER THE PANAMA CONGRESS believe to be a misconception of its aim and spirit. It is to be hoped that T HE Congress on Christian Work they will not refuse to join in every in Latin America has passed into worthy plan for advance and for history. In spite of difficulties and closer cooperation among the evanin spite of criticisms the plan has gelical forces in the field. There were been successfully carried out, so that

OF THE TIMES

free and friendly statements of facts spiritual regeneration. So writes a and opinions at Panama. This newspaper correspondent.

enabled those who differed to see "In a thousand hospitals, huts, each other's viewpoint and to benefit halls, tents, and buildings, from the by each other's experiences. The sand-stretches of Egypt, the bluffs of immediate effect of the Congress Gallipoli, from muddy Flanders to seems to have been a greater desire drab London, hundreds of thousands for coordination and for cooperation of British soldiers enjoyed their Christ- between Christian workers, more de- mas and New Year under the kindly finite plans for the development of auspices of the Y. M. C. A." Two Christian leaders among Latin Ameri- days after the war began the Y. M.

cans, a more thorol1gh occupation of C. A. had established 250 huts or the field and a more intelligent inter- centers in France and England. That est in the work on the part of Chris- number has now grown to 1,000, and tians of North America. is increasing daily. . .. The first ef- It is greatly to be desired that a forts were made practically under series of public meetings in the protest. Now half the peerage are United States will be arranged to enroIIed as workers, ladies of title disseminate the message and influ- sacrifice their leisure to aid in run- ence of the Congress among the ning hostels in various parts of Eng- home churches in the same way that land, others of the best families, the regional COll ferences in Latin hundreds in number, are in Egypt, America have extended the benefits Malta, or Flanders devoting their of the Congress among the workers entire time to Y. M. C. A. service."

on the field. Is it not time that mis- Another indirect benefit of the sion study text-books be prepared for Christian work in the war is seen all study classes on "What is Roman in a letter from a Canadian chaplain : Catholicism? What are its peculiar "In all our work at the front, teachings and practises?" Few of there is not the least evidence of the Christians in Protestant lands denominational friction or rivalry.

understand this Church and its prac- Ve are a band of brothers endeavor- tical influence in personal, social, and ing to speed forward the Kingdom political affairs. of Gael. It is a common thing for all CHRISTIAN WORK FOR THE communions to meet together for Divine service. All Protestants use A SOLDIERS IN EUROPE the same form of service and the REMARKABLE work is being same hymns. Battalions parade as a done by Y. M. C. A. workers in l1nit~there is no dividing up of deconcentration camps of Europe and nominations. I have had present at for the soldiers at the front. At the my Eucharists men of every debeginning of the war, many were in- nomination, and I know that Anglidifferent to the Association or ig- cans have attended the Lord's Supper norant of its work. To-day its workers when administered by Presbyterian are welcomed everywhere. They chaplains. . . . This war is breaking make life worth living for the sol- down many barriers-social, national, diers and lead many of them into ecclesiastical."

ICHRISTIAN STUDENTS IN THE WAR seventy-five cities during the past N the large number of men in the six months. The last of these local war from British and Continental conventions will begin in New York, universities, the Christian men have April 9th, and close in Brooklyn on been in the majority. The British the r6th. The registration will Student Movement reports that in probably reach 5,000 or more men in many Unions the first men to volun- each place. In cities where similar teer were the leaders of the Chris- conventions were held six years ago tian Union, and a census of British the registrations this year have shown universities, taken three months after an increase of from 30 to roo per the outbreak of war, showed that IO cent. This is an evidence that the per cent. more of the Christian men are waking up to the importance Union members, than of the general of missions.

body of students, had joined the The climax of the campaign will forces. Several secretaries from the be reached in the National Mission- headquarters staff have taken com- ary Congress to be held in Washing- missions in the British army. ton the last week in April. The at- It has been difficult to keep in tendance will be limited by the seat- touch with the men. "The best work ing capacity of Memorial Continental in this line has been done by Oxford Han to 2,000 delegates who will be University. Altho the Christian selected from more than twenty dif- Union there has been reduced to un- ferent communions, a.nd will repre- der one hundred members and has sent every state in the Union.

lost almost all its leaders, it has been The complications and responsi- able to retain its secretary and has bilities brought on by the war, the kept in very close touch with all its new emphasis upon America's probmembers, sending them reports and lems at home, the unusual number of missionaries and students of misletters from time to time." The French Student Movement is sions back from foreign fields and carrying on a similar work, having tours, and the recent Panama Con- gress make a unique background for organized a "Monthly Military Cor- a most impressive program. There is respondence," consisting of religious an unusually strong list of speakers, books and pamphlets, as well as per- including most of the well-known missonal letters, which have been sent sionary leaders of North America. to students under the colors. It is said of these men that prayer has Vfhile the Congress will, in a been their vital support, and that the sense, be a climax for the year it is Day of Prayer for Students was ob- hoped that it will, in a deeper sense, served in the trenches. be simply foundation work for the future. With every prominent com- THE NATIONAL MISSIONARY lnunian and every sta.te represented CONGRESS AT WASHlNGTON by selected men there should be here- after a new message and a nation- T HE Laymen's Missionary Move- wide leadership and consecration that ment has held a really remark- must tell in the work at home and able series of conventions in about to the ends of the earth.

EVENTS

April 2d to 9th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Convention, Oakland, Cal. 7th-The 375th anniversary of the sailing of Xavier for India, 1541. 9th to 12th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, New York, N. Y. 13th to 16th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Brooklyn, N. Y. 10th to 12th-Christian and Mis'Sionary Alliance Conv" San Francisco, Cal. 12th to 16th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conv., Pasadena, Cal. 17th to 23d-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conv., Los Angeles, Cal. 22d-The 110th anniversary of the landing of Henry Martyn in India, 1806. 26th to 30th-Laymen's National Missionary Congress, Washington, D. C. 27th-The 40th anniversary of the sailing of Mackay for Uganda, 1876. Apr. 30th to May 2d-United Brethren Missionary Conf., Bowling Green, O.

May 1st-The 100th anniversary of the birth of Fidelia Fiske, 1816. 2d to 5th-Hebrew Christian Alliance Conference, Philadelphia, Pa, 7th-Universal Bible Sunday. 8th-The 100th anniversary of founding of the American Bible Society, 1816. 12th to 16th-Inter'l Conv. Young Men's Christian Assoc., Cleveland, O. 14th-The 25th anniversary of the death of Bishop Valpey French, 1891. 17th to 22d-Southern Baptist Convention, Asheville, N. C. 21st-The 25th anniversary of the death of James Gilmour, 1891.

June 2d-The 15th anniversary of the death of George L. Mackay, 1901.

2d to 5th-Inter-Church Conf. on Christian Cooperation, Atlantic City, N. J.

6th to 16th-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conference, Blue Ridge, N. C. 7th to 14th-Conf. of missionaries of Pres. Church, U. S. A., New York. 14th to July 25th-Summer Term, Bible Teacher's Training School, New York. 23d to July 3d-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conference, Seabeck, Wash. 23d to July 3d-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y. 26th to 30th-Convention Anti-Saloon League in America, Indianapolis, Ind. 26th to July 6th-Missionary Education Movement Conf. Blue Ridge, N. C. 27th to July 7th-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conference, Eagles Mere, Pa, 29th-The 120th anniversary of the birth of John Williams, 1796. 30th to July 9th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Asilomar, Cal.

July 4th-The 35th anniversary of the opening of Tuskegee Institute, 1881. 5th-The 60th anniversary of the birth of Ion Keith-Falconer, 1856. 7th to 16th-Missionary Education Movement Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y. 9th-The 210th anniversary of landing of Ziegenbalg and Plutschau in India. 10th to 17th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Vermillion, O. 14th to 28th-Missionary Education Movement Conference, Estes Park, Colo. 16th-The 80th anniversary of the birth of John E. Clough, 1836.

CONGRESS ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN .LATIN AMERICA. IN SESSION AT

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HOTEL TIVOLI, WHERE THE CONGRESS

The Panama Congress on Chris- tian Work In Latin America BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK Chairman of the Congress on Christian -York in Latin America mT HE Congress on Chris- ned and carried through the Con- tian VI/ork in Latin gress in Panama. America was called by the Committee on There were present at the Con- Cooperation in Mis- gress 304 delegates and official visi- sionary W 0 r k in tors fro111 twenty-one different na- Latin American lands. This Com- tions, and in addition 177 visitors mittee grew out of a conference on from Panama. Of the 304 delegates work in these lands which was held and visitors fro111 abroad 145 were under the auspices of the Annual from the Latin-American nations Conference of American and Cana- and I59 from the United States, dian Foreign Mission Boards in New Canada, Great Britain, Spain and York City in March, 1913. That Italy. The delegates from Latin Conference appointed a small com- America included not only missionmittee which was afterward enlarged aries but the ablest leaders of the to embrace representatives of the evangelical churches of Mexico, American and Canadian missionary Porto Rico, Cuba, Brazil, Argenorganizations carrying on work in tina, and Chile. From Mexico came Latin America. This enlarged com- Sr. P. Flores Valderrama, the head mittee with the approval of the of the great mISSIOn schools in Home Missions Council and of the Puebla, Sr. Alejandro Trevino and Foreign Missions Conference plan- Sr. Leandro Garza Mora of Mon- terey, Sr. Eucario M. Sein, now (j!

Los Angeles, Sr. G. Ruiz of Mata- Church in the West Indies, and the moras, Sr. Jose Coffin of Paraiso, very shadow of the war drew closer and Srta. Juana Palacios of Mexico together the representatives of the City. Professor Andres Osuna was nations which are at peace. It would chairman of the Commission on have been unfortunate to delay .Literature, but his appointment as longer a meeting of Christian men Commissioner of Education for the and women from all these Western Federal District of Mexico under nations to construe in religious the new government kept him at terms the problems of international home. From Chile, Roberto EI- relationship which it would be a phick and Efrain Martinez, from calamity to conceive merely in their Argentina F. A. Barroetevefia and commercial and political aspects.

Srta. Elisa Cortes, and from Brazil, Panama, as the event proved, was Alvaro Reis of Rio, Eduardo Pereira the ideal place for the gathering. Its of Sao Paulo and Erasmo Braga of central accessibility drew more dele- Campinas were among the Latin gates than could have come to any American leaders who came. other place. Its great engineering The seven – minute r u Ie for and sanitary achievements were an speeches in the discussion of the attraction and a deeply profitable commission reports was no terror to lesson to all, especially to the dele- these speakers. Some had predicted gates from the South, while its that the Latin Americans would not . social and religious institutions and be able to get under way under any atmosphere gave the delegates from such rule. On the other hand their the North an idea of general speeches were quite as crisp and conditions in many of the Latin succinct as those of our English American lands and supplied a new speaking delegates and often they background to all their thought on rounded out their admirable state- missionary work. Two single facts mentsbefore the time warning was will suffice for illustration: one, the given. All present came away with almost complete emptiness of the a deeper admiration and affection Roman Catholic churches in Panama than ever for the earnest men and City at Sunday Mass; the other, the women who have been raised up to weekly Sunday morning lottery lead the forces of the churches in drawing in the Bishop's residence, these Latin American nations. ,. furnishing him a weekly subsidy and The time and place of the Con- spreading among the people its gress were both opportune. The morally demoralizing and economic- war in Europe kept away delegates ally ruinous influence.

from Great Britain and Germany The unbounded hospitality of the and France who might otherwise Zone entertained many of the dele- have come and there was great loss gates, but most of them were housed in this, but there were men present in the Tivoli Hotel in Ancon. Here from the British and Foreign Bible also the meetings were held in the Society, the South American Evan- large ball room. Living together gelical Union, the Wesleyan Mission- for the ten days of the Congress ary Society and from the Anglican the delegates became one great

WORK IN LATIN

family, and it was with positive They are a strong and distinguished .

pain that they separated at the close. looking body of men, and they may The Congress opened on Thurs- show some of us that Christians day afternoon, February loth, and are still very much alive, even if we closed on Saturday afternoon, Febru- grow pessimistic over present-day ary 19th. There were some who conditions. Panama is to be more predicted that it would be inhos- and more a convention city, and we pitably received in Panama. On the welcome a good start. Contact other hand The Star and Herald. often smoothes off bristles. The more the leading newspaper of Panama, the Americans know each other, the welcomed the Congress with this more they will probably like each interesting editorial: other, for continents have likeable "The religious conference now in qualities. Let us find them. Let us session here will probably not settle seek out in one another those char- anything. It may be wise enough acteristics which contribute to good not to attempt it. Various councils, understanding and mutual appre- such as those at Constance, at Wit- ciation. We welcome these gentle- tenberg and in Westminster Abbey, men, and trust that they may enjoy tried to settle matters, but the world their stay, and take home with them promptly divided over the settle- a feeling that Panama is worth their ment and got up the disputes more while, and that they will do all they fiercely than ever. Even the first can at home to help their young great conference in Judea, where it sister republic to realize the best was decided to institute an ex- ideals as time goes on."

periment in socialism, and to have' The Address of Welcome all things in common, indirectly led to the sharp practise of Ananias And at the first Tuesday evening and Sapphira and somewhat dis- session Sr. Le Fevre, the Minister credited the socialistic movement of Foreign Affiairs of the Republic ever since. Conferences that inspire of Panama, made this official ad- and inform are safer than those dress of welcome: that try to settle and decide. Al- "Impelled by a deep feeling of most anything may be decided by a cordiality and good will, I come to conference except religion. No doubt welcome you in the name of the this Congress is of the mind that Panamanian government at this war is deplorable, but it will not opening session of the Congress on stop the war. It would like to unite Christian Work in Latin America.

Christians, but the most it can do "I desire to express the deep is to endorse the sentiment. It may appreciation I feel for the honor you even believe in more progress for have conferred upon me by this kind Panama, but will probably be too reception. It is my desire to return polite to say so. this compliment in the most worthy "But it can not fail to do good. manner, not because of the for- Good men getting together make malities of etiquette, but because I the other sort feel lonesome. They wish with all sincerity to contribute also make each other feel stronger. to the success of meetings like these

which help to bring to my country unify the moral and religious forces elements of the highest civilization of America. For this reason and to which all good citizens aspire. with great foresight you have "The constitution of the Republic selected for this Congress the soil of Panama gives ample guaranty of Panama as a central point from of liberty of conscience. As a proof which its influences will widely of this and because our government radiate.

fervently desires to create a feeling "We appreciate the importance of of tolerance in the Republic I have our location here, and since we de- not hesitated to accept your kind sire to meet the demands of every invitation and to proffer a genuine human interest we hold our coun- welcome, altho I am a sincere and try open to all men and to all gen- devout Catholic. Let me impress erous ideas. Our motto, Pro Mundi upon you that altho the Panama- Beneficio, is not an empty phrase nians have but recently gained their but a true sentiment of our people.

independence it does not follow that With all the respect and considera- they do not recognize the benefits tion which is due to such a gather- brought about by respecting the ing as this, I take great pleasure in liberties and rights of others. saluting you in the name of the "You have chosen the most pro- Government of Panama and wish pitious moment for your noble task. for you all success in your mission."

While I am speaking, violence and This tone of kindliness prevailed fury are unchained in the Old throughout. On Sunday evening in- W orId, destroying everything which stead of a session of the Congress they meet in their pathway. This at the Tivoli Hotel, the Rector of horrible calamity fills us with terror. the National Institute of Panama It is only natural that,' guided by invited the Congress and the citi- the ideals of righteousness preached zens of Panama to the Institute by Jesus our Lord, we the peoples where Dr. Mott, introduced by Sr.

of America should do all in our Andreve, the Minister of Education, power not only to keep away from made an address on "The Religious strife but to bring about a lasting Significance of the World War."

peace among those who are at war. On all such occasions the Con- We must also show that in our gress met with nothing but kindness American republics, in spite of and appreciation. It left behind it faults and deficiencies, pacific ideals not unfriendliness but warm good flourish better than in monarchical will. The correspondent of the New countries. This is due to the efforts York World commented on this they make for the development of in a statement in the Panama News civic and moral education. It is my Letter.

understanding that all religious men "The Congress on Christian work everywhere . without distinction of in Latin America now in session on creed or race, should take part in the Canal Zone has already achieved this high and holy mission and that one result the value of which can be you have come here impelled by this appreciated only by those who know noble purpose. Your purpose is to Latin-American character. Panama-

WORK IN LATIN AMERICA

nians speak of the men delegates as better set of discussions, and the 'caballeros' and of the women as last day instead of marking a re- 'muy simpatica.' Some citizens of laxation lifted the gathering to the the United States could and have lived highest level.

among the Panamanians and other Friday was devoted to the Com- Latin American people many years mission on Survey and Occupation.

without earning these simple but Mr. E. T. Colton, as Chairman,. pre- sincere and substantial titles to per- sented the report and in the fo1low- sonal standing." ing two hours speakers from all the The Daily Sessions sections of Latin America, begin- ning at Mexico and going south to The week-day sessions of the Argentina and returning by Brazil to Congress were held from half-past- the Guianas, set forth such a vividly eight to half-past-eleven and from condensed and comprehensive picture half-past-three to half-past-five. Life of the whole Latin American world on the Zone begins early in the as has never been given before. We morning. The sounds of industry began with the inner conditions of allow little sleep after sunrise, and Mexico as drawn by Dr. Butler and it seemed well to begin the daily Sr. Garza Mora and closed with a work early and allow a long rest rapid vision of Brazil from Sr. Al- time during the heat of the day. varo Reis and of the Guianas from With the exception of the half hour Dr. de Schweinitz.

after eleven the day sessions were In the afternoon speakers de- devoted to considering the reports scribed the intellectual and racial of the Commissions. These had stratification of Latin America, the been prepared by competent com- large body of "Intellectuals" and missions after months of corres- students who have outgrown re- pondence and investigation and had ligion, the mass of superstitious peo- been read by the delegates in ad- ple, the devoutly religious women, vance. They proved to be a series the dead weight of illiterates, the mil- of valuable documents, embodying lions of Indians, and then the Con- the best information and judgments gress turned to face the great which have ever been made available problem of missionary duty and of on the subjects dealt with. Each reenforcement of the agencies which Commission presented its report in are seeking to aid Latin America a full statement at the beginning of in coping with her great problems.

the day and had the right to close How much is involved for the future the discussion at the end of the day. appeared as the possibilities of the For the rest of the time the Con- nations were unfolded: Colombia gress discussed the subj ect in seven- equaling in area Germany and minute speeches. From twenty to France and Belgium and Holland fifty speakers were heard thus each and Portugal combined, and Peru day in a rapid debate which was equaling France, Spain, Italy and sustained without any letting down Switzerland. And the latent re- for ten days. In no preceding mis- sources are not material only. W ~ sionary congress has there been a were told of Seward's statement

after visiting Mexico that Benito King in preparing the report which Juarez, who was a full-blooded is probably the best treatment of the Mexican Indian, was the greatest subject of educational problems in man he had ever met. He was re- Latin America which can be found. minded that he had known Webster The existence of the great South and Clay and Calhoun. "Neverthe- American universities, older than less," he replied, "I have nothing our own, was a surprize to many to retract." and equally so the energy and ex- tent of the positivist or agnostic The next day, Saturday, was religious attitude among the stugiven to "Message and Method," dents and leading men. If we need which all felt would prove one of universities which stand for the the most difficult themes of the Christian view in the United States Congress. There was, however, no and China and Japan, do we not need report which commanded more gen- them in Latin America? The Roman eral approval. It was presented by Catholic Church believes we do and Bishop Brown, of Virginia, for- is building up a university in Chile. merly a missionary of the Protestant There is need of many Christian in- Episcopal Church in Brazil, and his stitutions, both schools and colleges. gracious spirit and a noble utterance and universities. "I plead for one of Bishop Oldham lifted the dis- for Mexico," said Dr. John Howland. cussion above all paltriness and con- "If only the people of the United troversy. To make sure that no one States would invest the cost of one would feel that he had been represt, battleship in a helpful Christian the ordinary rules of the Congress university in each Latin American were laid aside and opportunity was nation, the government could send given for free, spontaneous debate. its battleships to the scrap-heap." The issue justified this course. At "There is no danger," said Sr. Valthe close of the day it could be said derrama of Pueblo, "of war between that everyone who had desired to the United States and Mexico, bespeak had been given opportunity. cause of the great body of Chris- While each individual of necessity tian people in the United States who spoke according to his own nature, could not be brought to it, but it it was clear that there was a united will be surer not to come if the sentiment that the one way to serve United States will send down to Christ and to preach the Gospel Mexico a battalion, not of soldiers was by the loving persuasion of but of Christian teachers and mismen and by the positive proclama- sionaries." tion of the Truth. Monday evening and Tuesday The report on Education was pre- morning were devoted to Women's sented on Monday by President Work. For the first time at a great King of Oberlin College. Ex-presi- missionary conference there was a dent MacLaren, of Mackenzie Col- distinct Women's Commission. Miss lege, Brazil, Professor Burton of the University .of Chicago, and Profes- Bennett, of Kentucky, was its chairsor Monroe of Columbia University man, and the report and the dishad collaborated with President cussions were admirable. Two

WORK IN LATIN AMERICA

Mexican women, Senorita Palacios The report of Commission VIII of Mexico City and Senorita Elisa on Cooperation and the Promotion Cortes, now of Buenos Aires, made of Unity was taken up on Thursday valuable contributions, and Miss to give time for further considera- Coope, working among the San Bias tion of any of its proposals before Indians on a little island in the the end of the Congress if desired. Caribbean, and Senora Monteverde Dr. Charles L. Thompson presented of Montevideo, and Miss Florence the report and I think only one dele- Smith, of Chile, and other women gate raised questions as to the fullest revealed the field which is open for oooperation among the missionaries sympathetic service with and among and churches which were at work and the women of Latin America. he declared himself in favor of co- operation in principle. Those who "They tell me," said Miss Coope, were present agreed that never bewho swept in like a sea breeze, fore had they realized more clearly "that I have no results just because or seen others realize more clearly I am working for the souls of these the need of working together. Love Indians. 'Well,' I say, 'what do you and judgment combined to press mean by results?' hearts and minds into accord.

"'Oh,' they say, 'economic and The only difficult problem was the social results.' same which had arisen in the dis- cussion of the "Method and Mes- " 'Well,' I reply, 'when I came to sage," namely, as to the possibility my island there were no roads, but of any sympathetic and friendly coonly paths where the Indians walked operation with the Roman Catholic duck fashion. Now there are wide Church as an organization in its work roads crossing the island in both in Latin America. It was sorrowdirections where they can walk fully recognized that any such cotwelve men abreast. Then there were operation was not possible. But many eight saloons, now there are none.''' testified to the possibility of coop- eration in many ways with earnest The conference showed itself of individuals. The presence and the one mind in the discussion on address of Judge Emilio del Toro of Literature on Wednesday morning. Porto Rico provided an immediate il- Dr. Winton, of Nashville, presented lustration. After speaking of the inthis report in the absence of the fluence of religious liberty and, of Chairman of the Commision, Pro- the' open Bible in the United States fessor Andres Osuna. No one Judge del Toro went on: doubted that here was one 'field where cooperation, just as in the "Latin America is coming out into publication and circulation of the the life of civilization with a different Bible, is indispensable. lot. The seeds of Chrstianity sown since the times of the Colonizers have The afternoon of Wednesday was produced their fruits, and wherever devoted to a consideration of the there has been the most liberty there "Preparation oJ Missionaries," Dr.' its mission has become the noblest Frank K. Sanders, Secretary of the in practise. On the boundaries be- Board of Missionary Preparation of the United States and Canada, opening the discussion.

tween Chile and Argentine, two of a nobler and more Christian mission, those American nations of Spanish than in the times when her power origin which have attained the high- was absolute. est civilization, the Christ of the Andes, with his open arms a symbol "Those who love the progress of of peace and love, shows to the the nations, those who study hisworld how Christians settle their tory dispassionately, those who have disputes. Besides, the religious life faith in the improvement of mankind, of the Spanish-American countries can not but see with deep sympathy has been characterized by the almost that the Reformation is spreading, absolute predominance of the Catholic that free investigation opens broader church; and in my judgment the same horizons to the human spirit, that beneficent influence which Catholi- Christianity preached and interpreted cism has exercised in the development by all disseminates its beneficent inof its civilization would have been fluence and raises the level of society. greater had it been obliged to contend face to face from the earliest "Porto Rico is a case in point and times with a vigorous Protestant is conclusive evidence to me of the movement. results which will be obtained in all of Latin America from initiating and "Until a few years ago, the Cath- sustaining a vigorous and altruistic olic Church was, in my native island, Protestant movement. Not only will Porto Rico, the state religion. Among religious feeling grow; not only will the public expenditures those for wor- Christianity win converts; not only ship were conspicuous. The influ- will more prayer be offered in spirit ence of the clergy extended every- and in truth by many men; not only where. And what was the result, will it redound in good to the Cathoafter four centuries of abundant op- lic Church itself, but the influence portunities? A people for the most of Christianity in the life of the part indifferent or unbelieving. Spanish-American democracies will be greatly multiplied. There is some- "There took place a change of thing which lives in us which is regime. The Church was separated part of our very being and it is the from the State. A struggle began heritage received from our ancestors. under the protection of the free And wherever the Reformation goes, institutions of North America estab- wherever the Protestant minister aclished in the Islands; Presbyterians, complishes his mission; there it will Methodists, Lutherans, Baptists, Epis- go, there that heritage of so many copalians, began their work. F~int­ generations of the peoples of the hearted Catholic priests accustomed North who strove for the freedom to the enjoyment of special PrIVI- of man will act and react. In his leges described the ruin of their relations with the community, in his Church. But it was not so. The judgments on public affairs, in the spirit of the North entered into her direction of his own institutions, in and men accustomed to a life of his administration of charity, in his freedom gave her a new impetus. schools and hospitals, in his ideas of And to-day, separated from the State, the uplift of the masses and of the sustained by herself, she is realizing dignity of labor, in his spirit of

WORK IN LATIN AMERICA

tolerance, the minister, if he is a Friday.-"Secret of a Mighty Work of legitimate representative of Christian God," by Bishop Lambuth. civilization, will be an inspiration to the people." These addresses cut deep but they pealed the wounds they made. And The Church in the Field and The the last hour of the Congress on Home Base, Commission VI. and Saturday afternoon when Dr. George VII. reported on Friday and Satur- Alexander spoke on "Jesus Christ, day. Bishop Stuntz of Buenos Aires the Same Yesterday, To-day and presented the former, and Mr. Harry Forever," and then the whole com- Wade Hicks, of the Missionary Edu- pany passed together into the holy cation Movement, the latter. The place of prayer, was a time when the strength and absolute independence actual experience of unity in Christ of some of the churches in Brazil transcended all talk about it, and for were a revelation to many, and its the hour at leas~ fulfilled in the lives leaders and the Latin American of those who were there the great leaders from other lands including prayer of our Lord. Professor Monteverde of the University of Montevideo, who was The evening sessions of the Con- President of the Congress, deeply gress were filled with addresses: imprest the delegates by their ability and devotion. Indeed, throughout Friday.-"The Claims of Christ on the delegates from the national Thinking Men," Professor Erasmo churches of the various fields filled a Braga; "The Christian Faith in an place and made a contribution at Panama not equalled in any preceding Age of Science," Bishop F. J. Mcmissionary gathering either on the field or in the home lands. Connell.

Devotional and Popular Addresses Saturday.-"The Care and Custody of the Scriptures," Dr. John Fox; "The The closing half-hour of each Power of the Bible in the Life of morning session was given to a de- Individuals and of Nations," Rev. A. votional address. The following were R.. Stark. the themes and the speakers: Sunday.-"The Religious Significance of Friday.-"The Preeminence of Christ," the War," Dr. John R. Mott. by Bishop Arthur S. Lloyd. Monday.-"True Leaders the Fundamen- Saturday.-"The Ministry of Interces- tal Need," Rev. Eduardo Carlos sion," by Dr. A. McLean. Pereira; "The Price of Leadership," Bishop Homer C. Stuntz, D.D. Monday.-"Lessons From the Early Christians," by Prof. William Tuesday.-"The Importance of Work Adams Brown. For vVomen," Miss Belle H. Ben- nett; "Social Work Being Done By Tuesday.-"Reality and Religion," by the Women of Uruguay," Senora President Henry C. King. Anita de Monteverde; "Women's Work in Mexico," Mrs. John How- Wednesday.-"Christ's Vision of the land. "The Women of South Amer- Unity of All Believers," by Dr. ica," MisS' Florence E. Smith; "Ob- Paul de Schweinitz. servations of the Women's Move- ment in the Vorld," Bishop L. L. Thursday.-"The Recovery of the Apos- Kinsolving. tolic Conception of God," by Dr. L. C. Barnes. Wednesday.-"The Principles and Spirit of Jesus Essential to Meet the Social

Needs of Our Time," Judge Emilio The members of the Panama Congress del Toro and President Charles T. on Christian Work in Latin America Paul. recommended: Thursday.-"The Triumphs of Chris- 1. That the Committee on Cooperation tianity," Dr. John F. Goucher; in Latin America be enlarged and re- "Conditions in Latin America," constituted so as to consist of the follow- Bishop L. L. Kinsolving. ing: Friday.-"The Vital Power of Christian- 1. An American and Canadian Sec- ity-How Realized and Maintained," tion composed of one representative Rev. Alvaro Reis and Dr. James 1. of each mission agency of the United Vance. States and Canada which is sending and maintaining missionaries in Latin These addresses and the reports of America, and of a number of coopted the Commissions and the discussions members· not exceeding one-half of the will all appear in the reports to be number appointed as representatives published at once in three volumes.* of the various American and Cana- dian mission agencies of which coopted The Congress not only had the members at least one-half shall be heartiest welcome from Panama and delegates in attendance upon this Conthe Canal Zone, it also sought to gress. leave a blessing behind. Series of evangelistic meetings in Spanish and 2. A European Section composed of English were held in the cities, at one representative of each mission the club houses, in the churches and agency of Great Britain and of the at the army posts. Everywhere there Continent of Europe which is sending was warm response to the simple and and maintaining missionaries in Latin loving presentation of the old and America, and of a number of coopted ever new Gospel of life and joy and members not exceeding one-half of the power. number appointed as representatives of the various British and Conti- There was a deep feeling· as the nental mission agencies. Congress drew to a close that it would be wrong not to provide for 3: Ex-Officio members consisting of some continuance of its spirit and for the Chairman and the Secretary of the practical cooperation among the vari- committee or council representing the ous agencies in such ways as they missions and churches of each country could much more effectively work to- or group of countries in Latin Amergether. The Committee on Coopera- Ica. tion already in existence seemed to be the proper organ to use for such pur- (Note: It is understood that the funcposes. Without dissenting vote, ac- tions of the Committee are concordingly, the Congress took this sultative and advisory, not legisaction: lativeand mandatory.) II. That there be an annual meeting of the American and Canadian Section, and also of the European Section.

* (Two dollars a set if ordered immediately from III. That the American and European the Missionary Education Movement, 156 Fifth Sections of the Committee shall each Avenue, New York City.) A popular one-volume have an Executive Committee numberreport. by Prof. Harlan P. Beach, can be obtained ing approximately one-third of the total from the same address for one dollar. These four membership of the Section. volumes, if ordered now, can be secured for $2.75.

CHRISTIAN WORK IN LATIN AMERICA

IV. That the Executive Committee of regional conferences which grew out each Section. shall, as a rule, meet once of it. At once upon the adjournment each quarter to carry out the general of the gathering a deputation started policy and instructions of the Section. for Cuba and another to Porto Rico to hold conferences in these islands to V. Owing to the fact that the Euro- carry to them the lessons and spirit pean missionary societies with work in of the Congress and to plan the most Latin America have been unable to be efficient development of the work. A as fully represented at the Panama Con- third and the largest deputation gress as would have been the case under started south to hold conferences in normal circumstances, the perfecting of Lima, Santiago, Buenos Aires and their part of the organization will ob- Rio de Janeiro. The Conference in viously have to be deferred until such Mexico, rendered impracticable by time as the conditions are, in the judg- present conditions, is planned for ment of the European missionary lead- October. ers, favorable for such action. The Congress would, however, express the earn- Already the Panama Congress has est hope that this indispensable cooper- provided an object lesson of love and ation on the part of the European mis- fairness and right spirit in dealing. sion agencies may be developed as rapid- with difficult problems of missions ly as possible. and church relationship. It has pro- moted friendship and has added to VI. That the American and Canad- the stock of interracial good will. ian Section should, as may be desired by It has led to a new interest at home the cooperating bodies, take steps in Christian work in Latin America. promptly to give effect to the findings It has brought together in sympathy of the various Commissions in the light and trust and common purpose leadof the discussions of the CongresS', so ers of the evangelical churches of far as the cooperation of the missionary North and South America. It has agencies of the United States and Cana- breathed new courage and hope into da is concerned. the hearts of lonely and scattered workers. It has led to a clearer VII. That the matter of ways and discernment of the need of coopmeans' of common action between the eration in tasks which are too great American and European Sections shall for us to compass in aloofness. It be worked out after the European Sec- has sounded a call to a fuller feltion shall have been organized. lowship of faith and race and to a recognition of the fact that not VIII. That the ex-oflicio members geography, nor political sympathy, nor representing the Latin American com- commercial interest, nor science, nor mittees be regarded as eligible to attend trade, but only Christ can ever unite the meetings of both the American and the nations of the North and South European Sections. or of the East and West.

The Rev. S. G. Inman, 25 Madison Avenue, New York City, is Secretary of this Committee.

One unique feature of this Congress is the series of deputation and

Open Door for

A PRESENT OPPORTUNITY WHICH MAY NEVER RETURN BY A FORMER RESIDENT IN RUSSIA ~……..,……,,….,,,= NE of the most inter- 'of any evangelical body, but could not become a Jew, Mohammedan or esting countries en- Heathen. Meetings of the evan- gaged in the present gelicals were now permitted, and, with war is undoubtedly certain restrictions, chapels could be Russia – a land of built. For a few years things seemed to be going well. Then, with the as- ~~…….~-= paradoxes. After cen- sassination of the Prime Minister, M. Stolypin, the policy of the govern- turies of spiritual lethargy Russia is ment once more became narrow and waking up. Never since the time of demanded servitude to the State Peter the Great have such fresh Church. Circulars sent out by the . winds blown over the vast plains of Ministry of Interior, limited the Russia. The war is already be- liberties granted by the Czar. ginning to play a great part in her moral and political development, and Limitations to Liberty can be made to play a tremendous part in her spiritual development, jf In quick succession the following American Christians desire it. limitations were proclaimed by the government: Russia has never known true liber- ty of conscience and religion. Every The right to open evangelical Sun- Russian has been bound by stringent day-schools for instruction of chil- laws to belong to the Greek Ortho- dren was supprest. dox State Church. He might be an atheist or a heathen at heart, but No Gospel meeting would be per- the Church had control over his out- mitted without a signed application ward allegiance. Nobody was allowed by twenty-five members of the same to leave the Church and wo to one "Sect" living in one place. This who dared to preach to his neighbors measure was devised to prevent first the pure Gospel without the sanc- of all the preaching of the Gospel tion of a priest. He would be ar- in new places, and to prevent meet- rested, cast into a dungeon, judged, ings with little groups of evan- and then, as the child of wicked gelical believers all over the Empire. heresy, would be deported to Siberia, or kept for long years in the prison. Two other drastic measures were introduced after the war had started. On April 17. 1905. an Imperial By a decree of the Imperial Senate, Manifesto gave a partial liberty of every "sectarian" pastor was bound religion. Henceforth a member of to preach in his own church exclusthe Greek Church, at his own choice ively-in spite of rights, repeatedly would be permitted to leave the confirmed by former Ministers of State Church and become a member Interior, that evangelical preachers Work for Russian War Prisoners are free to preach in every place, At present there are in Germany designated for the Gospel preaching. and Austria about two and a half There was also a severe order to the millions of Russian prisoners of provincial governors, to imprison war. In Russia these men could not every preacher found preaching out- be reached by the messengers of the side of his own church. These meas- Gospel, but now men of many races ures were devised to prevent the and tribes have been wonderfully evangelistic efforts of the native brought together from all parts of preacers. Russia, and are ready for the Mes- In addition, every foreign preach- sage. It wQuld have been exceed- er was prohibited from preaching ingly difficult to reach them in times in Russia except by a special permit of peace even if there were freedom of the Minister of Interior. Such a to do so. Besides native Russians, permit is scarcely ever granted. Little and White Russians, there The masses of the Russians have are among these prisoners Letts and remained in ignorance, many mil- estonians, Kalmiks and Kirgises, lions being still unable to read or Grusins, Mingrels, Armenians, Lithu- write, except that the soldiers are anians and Poles of the Roman compelled to learn. This very ig- Catholic faith, Mohammedans, Jews, norance has helped to keep the na- Kossacks in great numbers. What tion from imbibing the atheistical a twentieth century Pentecost may and materialistical literature which be in store for the Christian Church, would have greatly closed the doors if these hordes of prisoners of war of their mind to the Gospel, when can be reached by the Gospel.

the time comes to preach it. The These men are unusually open to Russian nation has begun to go to approach, for they are away from school just at the time when the their homes, with scarcely anything Gospel could be made one of the to do, with very little if any litera- text books. From signs at hand, ture, deprived of alcoholic beverages, it is hoped that Russia is awaken- and filled with longings for some- ing to become preeminently a land thing better. Surely no better mis- of the Gospel. sion field could be imagined than the The great question is this: When hearts of these millions of Russian every evangelical mISSIOnary is prisoners of war.

barred from Russia, when the native Such an opportunity may never evangelists are prohibited from travel- occur again. It is a great challenge to ing about the Empire, and when the Christian Church, especially in . Sunday-schools are closed, how the United States. Alongside the can the Gospel be given to the story of the riches acquired in people? It is at this point the Master America with the price of blood says: "Behold, I have set before should not another story be written thee an open door, and no man can on a pure white page, the story of shut it: for thou hast a little strength, American sacrifice of money to and hast kept My word, and hast not evangelize a great nation? The world denied My name." is awake to see its opportunity, will

the Church not see her opportunity? time of peace only with the expendi- What would be the result of this ture of many more years, hundreds of thousands of dollars mor~ of work? If the two millions and a money, and even then it would be half of the prisoners of war could almost impossible to obtain the same be reached with the Gospel, what a results. If the Christian Church great harvest would come from their should attempt in the time of peace individual salvation. That work has to reach two and a half millions already begun, for conversions in of men scattered over tens of thouthe prisoners' camps of Germany sands of towns and villages, thousands are already taking place. But that of missionaries would have to be emis only the beginning. It is the ployed, and it would cost for their seed sowing and the reaping is support, traveling expenses, the ahead. rental of halls, etc, a thousand times as much as it would to give the Suppose that out of every thou- Gospel, by the printed page, to Russand prisoners of war one is spirit- sian prisoners of war now in Gerually saved, that would mean by many and Austria. the end of the war not less than three thousand conversions. Now Another reason for accepting this one of the special characteristics of opportunity is that it is almost ima Russian saved is that almost every possible to reach the same people in convert becomes a missionary. Rus- Russia in ordinary times. If the sia needs more witnesses of the missionary societies should undertake Grace of God. Now when the war to enter Russia the privilege would comes to an end and the prisoners be denied to them by the police, return to their native land, these and even if they succeeded in getthree thousand new born men will ting permission to preach, most of go to their respective towns and the men would be too busy to listen villages all over the Empire. Thus and the village priest would arouse the message of salvation will be opposition and the missionary might carried North and South, East and be attacked and driven away. iTest. Some of these converts may become great evangelists and spiritual On the other hand, after the war, reformers, so that the blessing will when the converted soldier returns multiply even a thousandfold. The to his village, he comes not as a result of the scattering of Christian stranger, but as a long-expected relatruth among the Russian prisoners of tive and a guest of honor in every war by American Christians may house. Then he will tell them of thus bring about one of the greatest the most wonderful experience in his revivals that the world has ever life: how he received a Gospel tract seen. or book, with the inscription, "A gift of American Christian Friends," How Can We Enter the Door and how in his hours of home-sick- Prompt action on this plan will ness the truth about life through the save the Church of Christ much money and energy, for the same re- crucified Christ entered his conscience sults could be attained during the and made him a new creature.

What power on earth would be

able to stop the influence of such the Hamburg Theological Seminary, transformed lives? What priests visited one of these camps and was will succeed in driving out from permitted to address the prisoners. their homes men who have borne The question was raised, whether the brunt of the battle and suffered our Society would appoint this for their country? This may be the brother to visit the forty-four camps turning of a new leaf in the national in his province, where he would have life of Russia. opportunity to distribute Scriptures and tracts among many thousands of Can This Plan Be Realized? Russian prisoners. It would be a great help if you could let me have It is already being realized in some the money necessary for this special degree. Devoted brethren are al- work. People in Germany were very ready at work among the prisoners hearty in giving donations for disof war, both in Germany and Aus- tributing tracts and Bible portions to tria. Bibles, New Testaments and our prisoners during the first months thousands of good Gospel tracts, of the war. But after a year of written by F. B. Meyer, R. A. Tor- great· sacrifices the money is not rey, and others, translated into Rus- flowing in as easily as it did at first. sian, have been sent to Germany, and So we would be very grateful if have been distributed among the American Christian friends would Russian prisoners. Pastor K. A. remember this singularly important Moden, of Stockholm, Sweden, the work, which may never be possible Rev. Jacob Bystrom, D.D., for many again. Prisoners as well as soldiers years a member of the Swedish Par- in the field are ready to accept the liament and Editor of the Wecko Pos- Gospel tracts and religious literaten, and the Rev. C. Benander, dean ture. Especially the latter! So if of the Stockholm Bethel Theological you interest our friends in sending Seminary, constitute a Swedish com- over literature, interest them in sendmittee for the supplying of the Rus- ing books of good Christian authors, sian prisoners of war with sound and I will gladly see that they get evangelical literature. i11.to the hands of the great number of Russian captives now in Ger- The most interesting letters have many."

come from Mr. J. G. Lehman, sec- The Rev. F. Kroek, of Zeinicke in Pommern, writes: retary of the Christian Tract Society in Kassel, Germany: "My visit to the Prisoners' Camp in Stargard took place last Thurs- "In general we have a splendid op- day. Tho the chief lieutenant said portunity of reaching over two mil- to me: 'The prisoners of war have lions of Russian captive soldiers in just arrived from the front, and not our camps. I have already dis- all of them are yet disinfected,' yet tributed a great many New Testa- I received permission immediately to ments, tracts and books through pay them a visit. In this camp there some of our ministers, who have were over 10,000 men, distributed permission for this work. We have in 40 companies, each company 250 large camps also in the neighborhood of Hamburg. One of our Russian Menonite brethren, studying in

prisoners. The best men out of the with questions. Please send me some earlier prisoners were appointed tracts in the Russian language." 'company-leaders' and all these company-leaders were called to me to The same Russian prisoner writes receive the literature for distribu- later to the Committee: tion. Soon were we surrounded by many men, each one of whom was "I have again received literature eager to get something. We could from you, which is so precious to me, give to each company about 100 from which I see that you do not treat copies of the 'Good Comrade' in the me as an enemy, but a brother. Es- Russian language, and the 'Messenger pecially I was glad for the question in of Peace.' We reaped a harvest of your letter: 'Who is going to help me many thanks, and soon our resources in the work among the pnsoners?' were at an end. Then I inquired N ow I will be glad to help. Please for Stundists, Baptists and other send me twenty Testaments in Rus- Evangelical believers among them. sian also one Bible in Russian and one With several of them, especially with in Lettish." a Stundist and a Baptist brother from Siberia I conversed through an The Plan for Work interpreter, and was able to encourage them with the Word of God. How shall these aims be accomp- Several of the prisoners asked me lished? One hundred thousand dolto hold a religious service in a hall, lars is needed immediately, and this set apart for Lutheran and Catholic money will be controlled by a trustservices. I spoke about it to the worthy committee selected from the Commander and he finally granted Federal Council of Churches, the permIssIon. Some Poles and Rus- American Bible Society, The Chrissians begged for Bibles or New tian Herald, THE MISSIONARY RE- Testaments. They have no money VIEW OF THE WORLD, and other wellso that we must try to procure the known organizations. The money will books for them gratis." be sent to Germany to accredited agencies, that are working among the A Russian prisoner, who is kept prisoners of war. The American in the camp at Schneidemuhl, writes Committee will choose the best serto Mr. Lehmann: mons by Moody, Spurgeon and other preachers of power, which will be "Beloved brothers and sisters in recommended to the German comthe Lord: With much joy do I mittees to publish. Years ago, when receive and read your literature and famine was devastating Russia, Ameri- I desire to express my best thanks can Christians came nobly forward and for same. I can also inform you sent shiploads of grain to Russia to that the Lord is working by His relieve the hunger of thousands. Now Spirit in our camp. Already seven even a greater need confronts us, and men have been converted. In our a greater opportunity to save millions midst there is also a Russian preacher of people from spiritual famine.* captive, and he puts himself to much trouble to preach the Gospel among 'Gifts may be sent to Mr. E<lwin M. Rulkley, the rest. Many inquirers are coming treasurer, care of Spencer Trask & Co., 25 Broad Street, New York, for the "American Committee for Gospel Work Among 'Var Prisoners."

War and Missions In

BY MR. HERBERT ANDERSON, CALCUTTA Secretary of the English Baptist Mission MMEDiATELY on the United Provinces and Madras, while those in Bengal and Bombay are IZIJ. outbreak of hostilities carried on with fewer students and one of the ruling some uncertainty about their future ~. ~ princes of India te1e- maintenance. ~ graphed to His Majesty the Emperor, "What 2. The war has seriously affected orders has your Majesty for me and the developments of institutional my soldiers?" That message indi- missionary work, and by its influence cated the heart-throb of India in the on finances has created unprecedented hour of Britain's peril. The first and conditions of administration for many most potent of war influences in missionary societies. Among insti- India, and one which can not but tutions proposed were a United Chrisaffect the work of missions for the tian College in Behar, a United Worest of this century, is the unifica- men's College in Bombay, and an tion of India's diverse communities institution for Feeble-minded Christhrough their common allegiance to tian Children in North India. So- Great Britain. "The blood-brown cieties were also counting on govmeadows of Flanders and France" ernment ai9 for schools, colleges, or have made India more dear to Eng- philanthropic institutions, but many land, and that debt will be paid in such grants are now postponed. The deeper love and further sacrifice. gifts from many churches in Britain and America have displayed noble r. The war has affected the mis- devotion to Christ and His cause, but sionary personnel in the Indian Em- several Boards and committees have pire. Some men have gone to the been obliged to retrench in expendifront as military chaplains. A num- ture, so that the men and women on ber of nurses and medical mISSIOn- the field have had to face the stern aries, especially such as were in necessity of giving up much valuable Britain when the war broke out, of- work. This process of cutting down fered for service in Europe, and more expenditure and staff is still going than one hospital in India is closed on, and one unfortunate result is that until those serving the wounded sol- those engaged in purely evangelistic diers can return to the work which effort have had to give a helping hand they have left temporarily. Other to the institutions which it is immissionary doctors offered medical perative to maintain. We trust it is service so that civil medical officers but a temporary re-arrangement to might be withdrawn with less diffi- meet a passing crisis. culty. The reduction of appropriations The uncertainty of new mission- has led, further, to the necessity of aries corning out to Innia, and the deferring many annual missionary consequent reduction in the number conferences and committees, and in of students, both men and women, societies where the administrative closed the language schools in the

function is on the field and largely generosity, created independence, and independent of foreign control, this revealed unexpected power. necessary economy has meant that all plans for advance have been set Blessing Through War aside. "As you were" has been the order of the day, and the day seems 4. The war .has brought special rather a long one. spiritual blessings to mISSIOns in India. The need of prayer, the duty 3. The war has also affected the of fellowship, the longing for a closer Indian Christian community and the unity among all disciples was never Indian Church. It has been an in- more keenly felt. Those who have centive to wider effort, and has been privileged to meet at hill-stabrought experience that can not but tion conventions, and in cities for prove beneficial in many unexpected the development of unity, are condirections. When the Y. M. C. A. scious of a new relationship tooffered for service with the Indian ward each other and toward each troops, who had been sent to Persia other's work. and Europe, the government gladly accepted the offer. As a result, In this year of warfare we have, twenty-four young Indians, most of moreover, the glad efforts, in conthem college men, led by Dr. S. nection with the South India United K. Datta, of Lahore, have been ren- Church, of· ~n evangelistic camdering fine service to the empire and paign. After months of preparthe cause of Christ abroad. ation, there was a week's simul- taneous mission in which five thou- The war has also given a great sand voluntary workers, men and impetus to the movement started women, aided three thousand agents some years ago for developing Indian of missions in personal efforts among leadership in missionary effort, and non-Christians. The results were a giving to the Indian Church its right thousand baptisms, a roll of eight place, as the vital organism whose thousand inquirers, and the spread growth must be dependent on its of the same movement into Tinneown activity in dealing with the velly and the Telugu country. There stupendous task of India's evan- is the possibility of a revival that gelization. Indian Christians are will affect every province in India facing their new responsibilities with and all sections of the Indian Church. courage and ability. In recent gath- History shows that God has often erings of an All-Indian Conference used times of war to win victories they have shown a determination to for the Prince of Peace. He is unite the various communities they doing so in India to-day. represent in the common work of furthering the Kingdom of Christ in German Missions in India India. The war's depressing influence on some aspects of foreign 5. The war has unfortunately had missionary activity has thus had its a tragic effect upon German missions compensation in an inspiring influ- in India. This was unavoidable, and ence on the Indian Christian Church. it is a tribute to the wise and sym- Time will show how it has developed pathetic action of the government of India and the provincial governments,

THE WAR AND MISSIONS IN

that so much of the excellent work ranged with the American Lutheran of these missions is still conserved, Mission of Raj amundry to come to and that, comparatively, little has its aid, and the Leipzig Mission has had to be abandoned. There are found helpers from neighboring sofive principal German misions: The cieties. Gossner Mission in Behar and Chota- N agpur, the Basel Mission on the It is doubtful how long the Indian west coast, and the Hermannsburg, Government will continue educational Schleswig-Holstein, and Leipzig Mis- grants or permit the management of sions on the east coast. Political institutions to be taken over by misconsiderations have made necessary sionaries of neutral nationality, but the repatriation or internment of the the suggestion has been made that it whole of the German foreign mis- may be possible to form British sionary staff, with wives and families. managing committees who would be In Behar the government itself re- prepared to manage, under governquested the Anglican Bishop of ment inspection, all the schools for Chota-Nagpur to take over and make which grants were sanctioned. arrangements for superintending the educational and philanthropic work. Through all the turmoil of the The Bishop approached the heads past eighteen months a sympathetic of the Gossner Mission in India, relationship between German misand offered further to assist to main- sionaries and their fellow workers in tain the pastoral and evangelistic India has been maintained. At the work of their field. The offer was meeting of the National Missionary gladly accepted, and arrangements Council held at Matheran (Novemmutually satisfactory were made. The ber I 2th-16th) , at which between work that this has entailed will be thirty and forty of India's leading understood from the fact that a missionaries were present, the fof: third of the total of all missionaries lowing resolution was carried without working in that provincial area were dissent: members of the Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Mission, and a yet larger "The National Missionary Council proportion of the Indian Christian desires to place on record an excommunity are connected ecclesias- pression of its deep thankfulness to tically with that mission. God for the disinterested and self- denying labors of German mlSSlOn- Tile Basel Mission, in view of its aries in India, to which we owe the large industrial operations, has suf- establishment, not only of the exfered most. The British and Swiss isting German, but also of some of members connected with its staffs the most flourishing British missions. are carrying on its activities as far The Council is convinced that their as possible. The Hennannsburg labors have throughout been inspired Mission has made over its property by devotion to Jesus Christ, and diand work to the United Synod of rected to the spiritual elevation of Ohio, an arrangement that was initi- the people of India. The Council reated before the war broke out. The grets, and would wholly dissociate Schleswig-Holstein Mission has ar- itself from, those imputations of ulterior political motives which have been so freely made against them.

The Council recognizes the grave dif- will be international and imperial in ficulty of the situation created by the its bearings. Christians will pray war, and gratefully appreciates the that political considerations shall not sympathetic consideration which has be allowed to erect barriers to the characterized the attitude of the work of the Church in the evangeligovernment in dealing with it. At zation of the world, or to disturb the the same time, the Council deeply vital, essential and abiding unity of regrets that the labors of the mission- all Christ's true disciples everywhere. aries have inevitably been interrupted, and sympathizes with them in their America'. Opportunity present separation from the work which they love. Further, the Coun- The war has given America an cil deplores that the exigencies of the opportunity of expressing its deep war have led to the interruption of personal and practical sympathy with that fellowship between German and Christian missions in India. Gifts other missionaries which was enjoyed have come in men and money that before its commencement, and earn- have caused gladness of heart. The estly hopes that on the conclusion Committee of Reference and Counsel of peace, in the good providence of of the Foreign Missions Boards of God, conditions may be such as to the United States and Canada sent, make possible the resumption of this happy cooperation in the task of ex- through Dr. J. R. Mott, a handsome tending Christ's Kingdom. In such cooperation lies one great hope of gift to enable the National Missionary accomplishing the complete reconcili- Council to meet in Bombay, and ation of the nations now so widely friends in America have given equally sundered." handsomely to help the work of the Gossner Mission. The debt which The National Missionary Council, India owes to America for its through its officers, opened a fund century of missionary interest is early in the war to deal with the em- still further enhanced by these latest barrassments occasioned to the Indian expressions of good will. agency of German societies, and has collected and distributed nearly $IO,- When one tries to take an im- 000. A Special Relief Committee of partial view of the influence of the the Madras Representative Council war on missions in India the gains of Missions has also done yeoman up to the present hour would bulk service in assisting the American much more largely than the losses. Lutheran Mission to care for those In the spiritual and moral spheres, put into difficulty. While the per- in the devotional and religious life plexities of a serious situation are of the Indian Christian Church, and far from passing away, the difficulties in the deeper fellowship among all are receiving the careful attention of Christian communions distinct and many friends. marked progress has been made, and such advance outweighs the disloca- As to the future of German mis- tion of administrative effort and the sions· in India, it is neither wise nor reduction of institutional activities. possible to prejudge an issue that Once again the prophet's clarion voice replies "Not by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit saith the Lord." BABIES' BEDS IN THE PLAGUE HOSPITAL AT MIRAJ, INDIA The cribs are made from packlng~boxes, and are but one example of missionary ingenu i,ty :l.nd the need for help in their Christlike and effective work A Medical Mecca In India BY ST. NIHAL SINGH, LONDON, ENGLAND Author of "Progressive British India," "India's Fighters." "India's Fighting Troops," "Essays on India." etc.

~D R. W. J. WANLESS, place themselves under his care. f~?'. an American mission- Within a radius of 250 miles of ary surgeon at Miraj, Miraj there are numerous hospitals maintained by the Government, most )- India, operated, in one of them under the charge of British physicians, yet so famous is this year, without expert missionary doctor that during a re- cent year he performed twice as assistance, upon more many as the total operations per- formed in all other hospitals within cases than are cared for by the com- this area, including those in such large cities as Bombay and Poona. prised efforts of many attending sur- Dr. Wanless has an enviable reputa- tion, especially for performing sucgeons, helped by a score or more cessful eye and abdominal operations.

of internes, at such an institution as In a recent visit to India, I made a point of visiting Miraj. Being the great Presbyterian Hospital in ignorant of the vernacular in that part of the country, I expected some New York. Dr. Wanless has been carrying on this work since 1892, and has relieved so many .thousands of sufferers that his name has come to be almost worshiped in Hindu and Moslem homes all over Hindu- stan. Frequently patients travel ' a thousand miles and more in order to difficulty in locating the hospital, but slept under the stars at night, sit- the mere mention of Dr. Wanless's ting 'neath the sun all day, exposed name was enough to bring all the to cold and dew and burning heat, guidance needed. Everyone in this but willing to undergo any hardship town of about 30,000 inhabitants in order to be made whole by this seemed to know who the American disciple of a strange faith who had surgeon was and where he could be come to them with abundant love in found. his heart and healing in his hands.

When I arrived at the Mission They were a pitiable lot. Whole compound, the immensity of the families were afflicted. One group, enterprise burst upon my vision. in particular, appealed to my sym- The main building and annex are pathies. The father was stone blind, lofty, spacious structures, built of with cataract in both eyes. The grey stone, simple but elegant in mother was suffering from a disease architecture. A number of small that caused one eye constantly to stone bungalows that are scattered discharge pus. One of the babies- over eleven acres, serve as private about two years old-could open its wards. The buildings, with their eyes only half-way, so weak were equipment, are worth at least $50,000 they; and the other-about one year -which amounts to three times as old-could not open its eyes at all.

much when valued in Indian cur- They all were ragged, underfed, rency, and is a considerable sum in and undersized; but they had hope India. A large part was donated by stamped on their faces, for so im- the late John H. Converse, of Phila- plicit was their faith in this Chris- delphia, who, for many years, was tian doctor that they never questioned the president of the Baldwin Loco- his ability to cure them.

motive Works. Two or three primitive ambulances When I entered the gate a little arrived on the scene. They were after seven o'clock in the morning drawn by oxen and were nothing the hospital was already astir. Out but ordinary, springless wagons, with in the yard little groups of Indians a layer of straw spread in their squatted about scanty fires fed with bottoms, but they served the pur- withered grass and tiny twigs, and pose, and brought patients who were cow-dung cakes. Many of them had in a desperate condition.

spent their last cent in order to reach The scene about the office where this place of promise, and now they the physician was in attendance was awaited their fate, good or bad, as not less interesting. This little room the Doctor might decree. Most of was at the end of a long, narrow them had come accompanied by re- verandah, fully a hundred feet in latives or friends, who camped out length, and was lined on each side in the hospital yard until the loved by men, women, and children, some one was healed and ready to depart. standing, others· squatting on the Some were out-patients, not in des- bare, red-tiled floor. They were perate enough need to be taken into being admitted, one by one, into the hospital, but staying on, day the Doctor's presence. All sorts and after day, to receive treatment and conditions of people were there- medicine at the dispensary. They rich and poor, suffering from more

A MEDICAL MECCA IN

THE CHILDREN'S WARD IN THE MIRAJ HOSPITAL, INDIA or less serious disorders. It was side of the room. Cards stating the after twelve o'clock before the Doctor names and afflictions of the patients finished with them, assigning some were properly filled out, and one by of them to be operated upon in the one, the men and women were conafternoon, and others on the morrow. ducted to the table. Local anes- Before he came to the office the thetics were applied, and the trouble physician had already made his from which they had been suffering rounds of the wards, accompanied by was removed. Most of them were the superintendent, a trained nurse. cataract patients-a few Cdses were very complicated. In one instance, While the Miraj hospital is not the surgeon, after removing the furnished on a grand scale, it has cause of the trouble, pleasantly told comfortable beds with clean linen, the young woman, whose eye was and is kept scrupulously in a sani- very much disfigured: "Your disease tary condition, not an e~sy thing to is now cured, but if you will come do in India. The operating theater to me in ten days I will color your is well-lighted and has modern ap- eye to make it look nice," and the pointments. The sterilizing room is coolie girl went away happy. up-to-date in every particular and the cupboards containing the surgical in- A favorite operation at Miraj-a struments are dust proof and hold half dozen or so being performed all the equipment that a good-sized, every year-consists of making a nose first-class surgery must have on hand. for those unfortunate women whose nasal organ has been mutilated by an In the operating room one after- irate or jealous husband or by an noon was altogether given up to eye enemy. A cut nose is considered, in India, a perpetual brand of disgrace. operations. A score of persons sat in the corridor running along one

I witnessed several laparotomy ducted on such sound business lines operations performed to remove that it is practically self-supporting. growths, and I saw a muscle trans- It does not stint, but neither does it planted in a man's leg to remove give "not wisely but too well." Those lameness which was caused by a able to pay for advice and medicine paralyzed muscle. are made to do so. The scale of charges is elastic, so as to suit the Besides the medical and surgical circumstances of the patient. In no help given to thousands of people, case is a sick person sent away on the Miraj Hospital has trained many account of inability to pay. If there Indians to be hospital assistants ,and is no accommodation in the hospital, nurses. The dispensing chemist and patients who can sleep outside withhis aide were educated on the prem- out jeopardizing their health are perises and many of the graduates have mitted to make their home under the gone out into the country districts to trees and stars, while the more needy set up dispensaries. At the time of are taken into the wards. Thus out my visit there were fourteen stu- of the annual expenses of $7,000, dents in the medical classes, and eight not including missionary salaries, in the nursing class. The institution only about $r,ooo is furnished by the also employs three dressers, fourteen Presbyterian Board of Foreign Misward boys and girls, and a number sions in N ew York. of other servants.

This missionary institution is con- OPERATING-ROOM IN THE PRESBYTERIAN MISSION HOSPITAL, MIRA], INDIA

TYPE FOR CHINESE BIBLES IN THE FUKUIN PRINTING-HOUSE

A Century of Bible Distribution ·A HUNDRED YEARS OF THE AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY BY THE REV. WM. I. HAVEN, D.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the American Bible Society NE hundred years ago, In my recent journey to the Far mO just as peace had come after the battle of East, in the interest of the Centennial, I saw many evidences of the con- vVaterloo, the Ameri- fusion and terror of the great world conflict into which the nations had can Bible Society was .. organized. The United just entered. But I witnessed other States was then in the flush of its things than the destructiveness of young manhood, but such was the war, for the "wheat" is growing spirit of the times, that almost im- in the world as well as the "tares,"

mediately the new society began to and the abiding picture in my memory reach out to foreign lands. Ship- is that of a vast whitening harvest ments of Scriptures in foreign lan- field among many peoples springing guages were sent within two years up from the sowing of the Word of to lands outside the United States. God.

vVhat is this society doing now? First I crossed North America, in Do its present activities justify its which there are nine home agencies long continuance? Is it alive to- of the Bible Society which last year day? circulated a million and a half

volumes through the methods of col- Scriptures and are turning to the portage and correspondence and vol- Savior with a spirit like unto the unteer service. This purely home early days of Christianity.

missionary operation is in addition to As we traversed China I was con- all of the work of the auxiliary so- tinually astounded by the vast cieties and the usual distribution stretches of the provinces, the earn- through other channels. Three times estness, industry, and worth of the in one hundred years the society has people, the unspeakable need of edu- attempted to meet the needs of this cational and economic, as well as of great republic by special campaigns. spiritual uplift, and by the almost in- Now it is conducting a continuous calculable opportunity for the circu- campaign to reach with the Scrip- lationof the Christian Scriptures.

tures every village and hamlet as Presses can not manufacture them well as the great cities of the nation. fast enough, and even with the appro- Few realize the immense import- priations of three societies, Scottish, ance of this ministry of the Word British, and American, sufficient to the foreigners still using their funds are not available to meet the alien speech and to the native born difference between the cost of manu- who are forgetful of their early facture and the price at which the ideals. The story of the work of our Scriptures must be sold in order to home agencies is of absorbing interest bring them within the reach of the and begets a sense of amazement, poverty-stricken people of this an- both at the need in this land which cient land.

has been for generations saturated In the Philippines I visited four with the Scriptures and at the fresh or five of the great island continents and vital power of the Word to il- that make up the nucleus of this luminate the heart of man. If the long-stretched-out archipelago. Then Christian men and women of Amer- we passed on to Singapore, the ica could see through these windows Straits Settlement, Sumatra, and, what lies right around them, there omitting Siam, where there has been would be a call to spiritual "pre- such a wonderful demand for the paredness" that would be of tre- Bible among the Siamese and the mendous value for the whole world. Laos, we traveled through India and The old society has never done so then by the Suez Canal, bordered on great a piece of work in the United either side with encampments and States as it is doing to-day. trenches and barricades, we came to We sailed into the Bay of Yoko- Cairo and the Near East.

hama on a Japanese liner, and I was In the Far East, the American glad that my first sight of the Bible Society has five agencies, fascinating land was Fujiyama, the Northern Japan, Korea, China, Siam, sacred mountain, outlined in the glory and the Philippines. In India the of the full moon. This was our society's work has been through doorway into the Far East. grants of money, that during one From Japan I journeyed through hundred years have amounted to Korea, peopled with a white-robed over a quarter of a million of dollars, company that have received the assisting in the translation of Indian

A CENTURY OF BIBLE

A KOREAN COLPORTEUR ENGAGED IN WAYSIDE EVANGELISM versions, and in the publication and cieties. The last year of record the circulation of them among the people. circulation in Northen Japan reached The center, from which all five a total of 643,799 volumes, which agencies in the Far East are sup- was an advance of 352,698 volumes plied is in Yokohama, where a firm over the previous year. of Japanese Christians have developed a printing establishment that We hope that the revised Japanese might well be the pride of any land. New Testament will be published in The head of the firm is an earnest time for the Centennial. Four mem- Christian, an honorary life-member bers of the Revision Committee are of the American Bible Society. In Japanese Christians who bear an equal his establishment we found a com- share with the foreigners, and in bination of power presses, and a many respects take the leading part force of Japanese men and women in the production of the Revised seated on the floor, gathering sheets, Version. A generation ago Japan stitching them and arranging them was without the Bible, while to-day for binding. Fonts of Chinese type the land is eagerly reaching for the occupied a little room by them- Scriptures. The Bible societies have selves. There are eight to ten thou- colporteurs whose sole duty is to sand different characters, each in circulate the Scriptures among the their little compartments. Men are students in the many schools of kept busy doing nothing but making these alert, intelligent people. All the unusual characters. In Yoko- report a demand on the part of young harna, also, is the Bible House, from men and young women for the New which is planned the distribution for Testament, the like of which has the whole northern half of the em- never been known before. pire, the southern portion being cared for by the British and Scottish 50- In Korea. the last year of record shows a circulation of 458,694 vol- umes, in addition to 755,380 volumes

distributed by the British and For- the Scriptures as China calls for eign Bible Society. It is difficult for them. Last year in China 1,973.453 Americans, with our background of volumes were issued by the Society, the dignity and authority of the Bible altho this book has been in China in the vernacular for five hundred practically only since the birth of years, to realize the mental atmos- the society. (While this article was phere of great peoples that have only going through the press, the report for within our day known the teachings 1915 was received, showing an adof this Book of Life. vance to over two and one quarter million circulation in China.) Is this society alive in China on this Centennial morning? It most What of the Philippines? When certainly is! I sat with the Man- Admiral' Dewey's Fleet entered darin Revision Committee in Peking, Manila Bay in 1898, the Bible was and listened as they finished the 59th essentially an unknown factor in the Chapter of the Book of Isaiah, the life of the Philippines. The very few New Testament already complete, copies of the Bible found there were the Old Testament so far done. in Spanish, and these were only in Before the Centennial year is over, the homes of a few padres or in this work of the three Bible so- some ecclesiastical library. As the cieties will be finished, and will present product of the American minister to the needs of three hun- Bible Society there are now the foldred millions of people. That which lowing translations, the Ilocano Bible, I wish to emphasize especially is the Pampangan Bible, the Panayan that it is the output of to-day. Bible, the Ibanag New Testament, and portions published in Ifugao, The first Mandarin translation was Moro, Cebuan, and Samareno-in all almost a paraphrase. This is an exact eight languages conquered in whole translation and approximates perfect or in part for the Scriptures. To Mandarin. In Southern China, the these must be added the following Wenli Committee is at work, and here productions by the British and Forand there local dialect committees or eign Bible Society-the Tagalog individuals are working, so that the Bible, the Pangasinan Bible, the Scriptures are now being distributed Bicol Bible, and Ceginnings in Igorin China in twenty dialects. Last otte and another dialect of Moroyear from the little Bible depository making a total of the whole Bible or off the Rata Men Street in' old portions in thirteen languages. Pekin, there went into North China During the year 1914 209,127 volalone over one million copies of the umes were circulated by the Ameri- Scriptures. If you could visit' with can Bible Society. In Egypt, the only me the headquarters of the Bible part of the Levant agency I was Society, near the English Cathedral able to reach, I found the work in Shanghai, and could talk with to be a living one in this dawn of the agents from North, East, South, our Centennial, and the sub-agent of and West, you would .begin to under- the society reported a larger circustand that even the American Re- lation among the Mohammedans than public, with all its knowledge and in any previous period. love of the Bible, does not call for

A CENTURY OF BIBLE DISTRIBUTION

DR. RIGGS, DR. GOODELL, AND DR. SCHAUFFLER TRANSLATING THE BIBLE IN CONSTANTINOPLE All over Europe, where we have ward, and our agent expresses unno agency but many correspondents, bounded enthusiasm as to the opporwe have been sending out, as the tunities before him. At Cristobal, medium of distribution for the in the Panama Canal Zone, a new World's Sunday-school Association, Bible House is being erected from hundreds of thousands of Testaments which we expect to reach the muland Gospels to the soldiers of the titudinous procession of ships finding different armies in all the languages their way through the Canal. In the of the Entente and Teuton allies. nine Republics of the La Plata Agency, in Brazil, and in Venezuela, Perhaps the most important work there is everywhere a call for adof the society outside of the United vance. Last year in the Latin States is in Latin America, where the Americas 235,605 volumes of the whole field is covered, from the Rio Scriptures were circulated. Grande to the little tip beyond the Straits of Magellan, by six agencies. The history of the society in all Two committees are at work, one in its many fields will be portrayed fully Madrid, and one in Rio Janeiro, both in the centennial volume soon to be in conjunction with the British and published. Here is given only a Foreign Bible Society, the one for glimpse of the harvest fields of the the revision of the Scriptures in world where the society is busy with Spanish and the other in Portuguese, the reapers in this morning hour. to meet the needs of these difficult From everywhere come testimonies to but yet fruitful fields. the spiritual effectiveness of these in- spired writings which reveal Him In spite of the revolutions in who is the only Light of the world. Mexico, the Bible work is going for-

A Ritual Murder In

BY REV. HERBERT HALLIWELL, BANGALORE, SOUTH INDIA ~~~~£fNDIA is fast becoming there four men standing by the side a country of violent of a newly filled-in grave. He put contrasts and striking one or two searching questions, when con tradictions. The a sound came from the ground di- West has impinged on rectly under his feet. He had the the East, but there is presence of mind to capture the three or four grave-diggers. Another very little affinity. India has adopted cry was heard and when the grave much of the Western habit and cus- was opened, there came to view a tom, but mentally she stands very living baby girl about a month old. much where she has stood for age- The thanadar did his best for her, long centuries. The wealthy Hindu but she died. will buy an up-to-date motor-car and go to the races in it, but the same The girl, it seems, had one tooth day, he will have risen early and when she was born, and this fact, done "puja" before the family idol. added to the disgust with which His brow, smeared with ashes '.)r Indian parents greet the birth of a painted with the vermilion caste- daughter, prepared their minds for mark, will attest his adherence to other events. Three days after her the old order. . birth some pigs of the village were found dead, and this was attributed Not only so, but superstition re- to the presence of the baby with the tains its grip as tenaciously in the tooth. The next day a calf died. twentieth century as in the nine- The day after, a house in the village teenth. During the last twelve was burned down, and a Brahman months half-a-dozen cases of "suttee" was called to exorcise the spirit of or self-immolation have taken place bad luck. The soothsayer confirmed in the largest city in the Indian the theory that the baby with the Empire, Calcutta, up till recently the tooth was possest of a rakshasha, seat of government of the Governor- but he volunteered to expel it on the General and Viceroy. This is a rite usual terms of liberal hospitality for forbidden by law, and punishable himself and his party. That night with very severe penalties, but it is the baby's father fell ill. He jumped practised, and when performed is re- to the conclusion that the rakshasha garded by strict Hindus as entirely in his daughter was too strong for meritorious. the Brahman's mantras, so he deter- mined to get rid of the baby. 'Within the last few weeks a startling case o:f "ritual murder" has Similar tragedies are the direct recome to light. It occurred in the sult of Hinduism, which even to-day Azamgarh district, a place well with- has such marvelous hold on the peoin the influence of the holy city of ple whom we sometimes glibly speak Benares. The "thanadar," or local of as India's millions. Is there any police-station sergeant, had occasion doubt that these people need Christ? to visit a burial-ground. He found

A NATIONAL BIBLE INSTITUTE MEETING IN HERALD SQUARE, NEW

Hundreds of these out-do-or meetings are conducted in vadous oenters in New York and Philadelphia every summer to reach the man on the street. The cost of each meeting averages about five dollars, and at them many are converted The Parish of the Streets FACTS ABOUT THE WORK OF THE NATIONAL BIBLE INSTITUTE BY PIERSON CURTIS, ESSEX FELLS, N. J.

1D…..(Kt''''-'……''&:1 HE Christian can not while faithful in their efforts to doubt that the Gospel teach those within their doors, have of Christ is a message too often failed to obey the com- for all men, but he mand to "preach the Gospel to every may wonder whether creature." Busied with keeping safe the churches are de- the ninety-and-nine, they have fallen short of their whole duty in not seeklivering that message to the great ing more faithfully the many wanmasses of population in our cities. dering in the wilderness. In fact to- While business houses are sparing day we find not ninety-and-nine in no pains to acquaint every possible the fold for one outside, but only customer with their wares, while forty within the fold compared with socialists and suffragists are spread- sixty still in the desert. ing everywhere their earthly gospels, the Church with her supreme mes- An organized work is needed sage is generally failing to arrest the which has for its field the man 111 attention of the man in the street. the street, whether he be of Broad- Of New York's five million souls, way or the Bowery or of the resiover three million are not connected dential districts. By all means we with any church-Protestant, Roman must strive to one end-to reach Catholic, or Jewish. him, to tell him the Gospel that com- pels and saves. Ve must seek him To these millions the Gospel must out where he is, stop him, and in be preached. " How shall they that one moment of attention must believe in Him of whom they have give a call clear and definite. not heard?" But most of the fourteen hundred churches of New York, To reach that great parish of the

streets means a great and varied the Presbyterian Church, writes to organization, centralized and directed the Institute: "As I stood in Madi- by special training and impulse and son Square one day last summer, and devoted to this one end. It re- heard one of your young men preach- quires faith, it requires prayer, it calls ing to one hundred and fifty or ·two for men, ~nd it demands money. hundred men, I listened to as effec- The National Bible Institute of tive an address as I have ever heard, New York City is an organization and my whole soul went out to the founded in faith and conducted es- young fellow who was preaching. It· pecially for the purpose of preach- was a sermon of rare power, and I ing the Gospel to the multitude out- saw nine men lift their hands in side the Church, in the Tender- answer to his appeal to them to ac- loin, in business districts, and in cept Christ. I happened to be stand- residential sections of the metropolis. ing by one of them and asked him a To accomplish this work the Insti- question or two and found he was tute holds three thousand meetings the secretary of one of our corpora- a year in mission halls and on the tions."

street; conducts a school for Chris- Every day there are ten meetings tian workers with seven hundred in at noon and several each evening, at attendance; supports four rescue mis- different points throughout the city.

sions and a central building, and The classes of society seen at these publishes an Institute monthly, "The meetings range from the highest to Bible To-day." the lowest. The business man, the Through this work two hundred reporter, the clerk, the outcast, the thousand heard the Gospel in the Jewish garment worker, may all be open air or in mission hans last year, seen at the noon meetings at Madi- and many of the lost sheep were son Square, Printing House Square, found and brought home to the Union Square, or Twenty-seventh fold. street. In the evening the passers- One of the chief methods of the by in the Bowery or the Tenderloin Institute is street-preaching. The or in Harlem's "white way" hear meetings are conducted from May above the rattle of the elevated the to October in Madison Square, Print- voices of the mission workers, and ing House Square and elsewhere. At sometimes follow them to the services noon in one of the squares the busi- in the missions.

ness man and the clerk out for their Any means that proves effective is lunch-hour, the hobo on the park adopted to reach the people. Plat- bench, may hear the sound of a cornet. form, automobile, gospel-wagon, cor- A moment later a business man steps netist, soloist, business man, city pas- up on a little platform to talk to the tor, and reformed bum, are used— two hundred of the hurrying crowd each as seems wisest for the particu- who stop to listen. After ten min- lar locality.

utes of plain talk, there is an appeal, One young student in the Insti- seldom without hands raised in re- tute School for Christian Workers sponse. decided that he would hold meetings Dr. J. F. Carson, ex-Moderator of in the Bronx three times a week. He

PARISH OF THE

pect of gathering a crowd amid the thunder of the elevated trains, the hooting of boys, and the mocking of drunks and rowdies. John Wolf of the "Beacon Light" Mission describes one attempt: "While the singing was going on, a trio of drunken Irishmen came out of the saloon across the street to 'see what the fools were doing.' It has been said 'If YOll tie a knot in the devil's tail, he will llOwl or else sencl some one to how 1 for him,' and so it was in this case The drunken men tried hard to break up the meeting, but it only res'.dted in attracting one of the best crowds we have ever had on that corner. When the invita- tion was gh'en, eleven men raiSed their hands. More than a dozen men followed into the Mission Hall and NATIONAL BIBLE INSTITUTE HEADQUARTERS 214 West 34th Street, New York. In this build· ing are located the offices of the Institute, the CretHOrne llissioTI, the School for Chr:stian Workers, the Sunday-schnol, the Breakfast-room, the office of the Bible Correspondence Course, and Lecture Hall. Already the ,"vark has ou 1grown the building.

had no platform, no hymn sheets, no MR. W[LLIAM MCQUERE cornetist, no placard-only Faith, and ,L permit. How was he to get a Superintendent of the McAuley Cremorne lHssion. Cl owd ? Then he had an idea. Placing his hat on the ground he stepped A former penitentiary convict-now the away and started to look at it. Some loved Chri$tiall evanB'elist one stopt to find out what was the matter, then some one else. The young man stared into the hat. Ten, th~n thirty, and then nearly a hundred became interested in the hat, and the young man had his audience. Suhsequently, he conducted more than sixty meetings during the summPf and as a result more than three hundred persons publicly confest Christ as their Savior.

Sometimes in the Tenderloin or on the Bowery there seems little pros-

three of these came forward at the understand now how I could do those close and knelt in prayer." things. I'm born again. If any man be in Christ, all things are become This volunteer evangelizing force new." has also its fixt outposts in the heart of the devil's country. The McAuley Billy was born down on the water Cremorne Mission on West 35th front. His Scotch parents were fine Street near Seventh Avenue lies in people. "My father," says Billy, "was the worst part of the Tenderloin. an idea,!ly honest man." But Billy The Rosenthal murder took place not had an ambition, bred by "Deadwood far away. There the sport, the Dick" novels, dislike for work, and gambler, and the gunman "hang out." envy of the gunman who is such a "Hell's Kitchen" lies a little to the hero in lower N ew York. He wanted west. On the first day that the Cre- to be a thief. "No thief, mind you," morne Mission opened its new quar- says Billy, "expects to get caught." ters, the patrol wagon called for two So Billy at eighteen ran away and be~ women who had been having a fight came a "damper man." just opposite. It is a common thing for drunken men to try to interfere These damper men work in groups, with the outdoor services held on and their job is to find where people the corner at night. keep their money-and to take it. Number one works the prospect, witl] Other outposts of the Institute are a stock of ten-dollar bills for his the "Beacon Light Mission," on equipment. Before the day of cash Third Avenue near I28th Street, the registers, each small shop had its Gospel Hall at IOJ Manhattan Street, "plant," a place where its surplus and the Yale Hope Mission at New cash was kept. In strolls the pros- Haven, and the wori~ in Philadelphia pector and asks change for a yellowunder Mr. W. W. Rugh. back. He locates the "plant" out of the corner of his eye, thanks the All of these Halls have stories to storekeeper, and leaves. His work is tell. But Cremorne's records alone done. An hour later a "stall" arrives are enough to make' one believe in -buys a rocking-chair, say-and pays modern miracles. To know Billy for it. Then he goes to the door McQuere, the Superintendent, Mike with the shopkeeper. Hickey, Jack McGuire, Sam Hadley, of Water Street fame, V. T. Jeffrey. "See that building?" says the Frank O'Brien, Jimmy Moore, and buyer; "Go round the corner and up scores of others, is to know something to the fifth floor, and deliver this to of what God can do. Night after Mrs. Cassidy. Must be delivered now, night testimonies are given that she's going out." sound like fiction when one looks at the clean, happy, respectable men who Off goes the man, chair over tell of lives spent in drunkenness and shoulder, and off goes the "stall" in sin. These men are not proud of the other direction. Just then "stall" their past records. "I can't believe number two drops in on the wife, it was me," said Billy McQuere, who who is now alone in the shop, and has thirteen years' jail record behind says: him. "It was some one else. I can't "Madam, I'm from the Board of Health. Your sidewalk has got to be

PARISH OF THE

SLEEPING ON THE FLOOR OF THE INSTITUTE'S BEACON LIGHT GOSPEL HALL The missions in New York must not only give "good news" and good advice, but material help for the unfortunate "down-and-outs" in the parish of the streets fixt. Come out and I'll show you." Vaters Mission," one of the Insti- tute's Gospel HaIls, with three cents Out they go. "Just hold that tape- and a desperate determination that next morning he was going to snatch measure, will you?" Meantime the a watch and run for it. It would mean money for booze if he got away "touch" has entered, and lifted the and a Sing Sing booze cure if he didn't. cash. The sidewalk "staIl" rolls up What had saved him from being a the tape-measure, says something thief had been that his father loved him. "Now," says Billy, "I suddenly about "to-morrow," and they leave found out that God loved me. I got rid of the thieving myself-but God the robbed shopkeepers to find out gave me a new heart."

their loss when next they look for Billy .is a short, stocky man with a friendly eye, and a kind voice-just change. . such a man as you might see in a business office, and who has been Fifteen years altogether Billy Mc- honest and God-fearing all his life. No wonder that his "college" chums Quere spent in "college" (prison), and former Tenderloin associates come in to look at this man with ten of these on a charge of which he Ii fteen years of j ail record. "Some- times," McQuere says, "I can sit tip was innocent, because of his reputa- here on the Cremorne Mission plat- form and count a hundred and fifty tion. At thirty-three he was let out years jail-record right in this room." To stich men Billy is a living sermon with a record, and a grim determina- on "the way out."

tion to get revenge somehow for his being fixt.

"You bet I didn't mean to go straight. But something happened to me. I found out that myoId Scotch father loved me." And be- cause of this love of the unemotional Scotch father, Billy decided to try honesty. It paid, and for ten years Billy made good in business. Then drink vanquished him and he took three trips to the Alcoholic Ward.

Finally he landed at the old "Living

Jimmy Moore was one of his "col- East Side, and they said about Jimmy lege" chul11s. Bill was shackled to that he could walk the length of the Jimmy on one of his first trips– Bowery, from Cooper Square to riveted. Jimmy was old even then. Chatham Square, and preach a ser- Afterward they would meet occasion- mon without opening his mouth. ally. Shortly after Billy's conversion Jimmy heard about it and came It would be easy to tell story after to look him over. Jimmy had been story of these daily miracles: of Joe a good thief-and had the reputation Waldron, who was drunk from the with the Police Commissioner as be- day he was first put on a bar in the ing the meanest and worst crook on Bowery by his fireman father, and the list. "I believe it," says Billy, would crawl along sucking sugar that "he was a nasty skunk. And he'd he had dipped in the used glasses; just as soon whip a knife into you of one "rummy" who had used a as rob you." He went off, but kept horse shoe nail to dig out a gold coming back to have a chin-fest with filling from his tooth to sell for his old pal. And one night he broke drink; of a hundred others who owe down, saying: "I've had enough." He their new lives to the Gospel preached was sixty years old, and had spent in these missions. twenty-five solid years in the "pen." He had never done one honest day's The Yale Hope Mission is another interesting part of the Institute work. work, but he was converted, and ;n It was founded in New Haven by a Yale student, William W. Borden, answer to prayer, a job was found for whose short life and large fortune him. First he swept the sidewalks were both given wholly to Christ. This for a bank, and then by his faithful- mission has exerted an influence not ness became a collector and bank at first expected. Yale men, skeptimessenger. Two central office men calor careless, have frequently been stopt him one day. sobered and convinced by the mira- cles they have seen there. One Yale "Hold on Jimmy, what are you do- man wrote recently to the Superining?" tendent: "My dear Mr. and Mrs. William Jimmy threw out his chest a little and looked at them square. It felt Ellis: good. "I work there," said he, "in "You have asked me to tell you that bank." what the mission has meant to me. Most gladly will I do it. Last fall, "Bank ? You in a bank?" more from a matter of curiosity than They followed Jimmy in and went anything else, I came to the Mission to the President. "Know who you've with Dr. Robinson. Up to this time got? Know he's got a record?" I had absolutely no faith in God or "Yes," said the President, "Jimmy Jesus Christ and had very little told me." faith in the Bible. I might say that "Vvell, you must be a fool! Do Sophomore year I was a pure atheist. you mean to tell us you've got abso- Because there was so much selfishlute faith in Jimmy?" ness and conceit in me, I was un- "N0," said the President. "I happy most of the time. The meeting haven't, but I have in God." He had been well known on the

PARISH OF THE

A WEEK-NIGHT MEETING IN THE YALE HOPE MISSION, NEW HAVEN Here the Yale students themselves conduct Gospel meetings for New Haven Hbums," and here the students see the practical power of the Gospel. Both students and "bums" are vitalized and transformed at the Mission opened my eyes. After foreign fields. The only way I can attending several meetings I saw that thank you and Mrs. Ellis and the Jesus Christ could work miracles in Mission men is by constantly rememmen's lives. I began to get inter- bering you in my prayers." ested in the men, trying to help them get a new start and firm hold on For skill in catching men on the Christ. This work at the Mission street or in the mission, training is made me a Christian. You may re- necessary. The worker must know member that after these few meet- his Bible and study the best methods. ings, when I became convinced that The work cannot grow without new what I needed more than anything workers. The Institute School for else was Jesus Christ as my Savior, Christian Workers looks to the future I consented to lead a meeting. I as well as to the present, and to the led several later on. This work at spread of the Gospel in other cities, the Mission has been the biggest joy as well as in N ew York. Three hunof my college career. My only regret dred students attended the last year's is that I did not have more time to classes held in the Institute Building spend at the mission, or that I did on Thirty-fifth Street, and four hunnot know of it earlier. dred more attended extension classes. Philadelphia has her own branch of "More than anything else the Yale this school. Bible Study, Practical Hope Mission has determined my life Methods of Christian Work, English work. I had planned my whole col- Speaking and Teaching, and Music lege course in preparation for law. A are the principal courses. Here as few months ago I decided to go into everywhere in the work of the Instithe ministry and now lately I have tute one dominating purpose runs: decided to go into Y .M.C.A. work in "to take the Gospel, in the power of

the Holy Spirit, to the non-Christian possible. Fully two hundred Chrisami the unevange1ized multitudes." tian men and women cooperate in In the varied work of the Institute the work as volunte.ers. One, who is these students find many opportunities engaged in business from seven in to gain experience and do real work. the morning until six at night, has taken part during the past year in For such an interdenominational five hundred evangelistic meetings. and growing institution a definite creed is necessary. The Institute But these spiritual fruits of the stands squarely for the Inspiration work and the money needed for its and Jntegrity of the Bible, and on it maintenance are above all the rebases its methods and its faith. It sult of much prayer. Daily meetings proclaims the necessity of salvation by the staff, special days of prayer through Christ alone. It looks for and a growing "Circle of Interces- His Personal coming. And finally, it sion" throughout the country, all keep believes that the supreme responsi- the work from failing in power and bility of Christians is to make the growth. Gospel known to all men. Another successful branch of the "The Bible To-day," the Institute work is in Philadelphia' and, as monthly, extends the influence of this friends multiply and workers are creed and this work. Besides the found; as the means are provided and news of the missions, and able articles the way is opened; the Institute plans on Evangelism, it gives a thorough to carry into other cities its cry and practical correspondence course Aggressive Evangelism Every Day in in the Bible. Through this medium the Year. some of the warmest friends and the 1110st liberal contributors have been Even now a great work is going on. won to the Institute. Each day to an average of two thou- sand the Gospel is preached and in The expense of so all-round and one day twenty-one decisions for widespread a work would seem nec- Christ were recorded in outdoor meetessarily great. But many churches ings. Never a night passes but some reaching less than five hundred in a drunk or thief stumbles up the aisle year spend more. The three thou- of a rescue mission to accept Christ sand meetings, the large School for and to begin a new life. Every day Christian Vorkers, the publication de- some worker learns better how to folpartment, and all the other work of low Christ's last command, to preach the Institute, touching hundreds of the Gospel. thousands, last year cost only twentyfive thousand dollars. And the Lord said unto the servant, Go out into the highways and hedges Careful economy and the large and compel them to come in, that volunteer force of workers make this MJ' house may be filled.

I believe that from the national point of view the most important work which our American churches have to do to-day is to preach a simple and efficient Gospel to the multitudes of immigrants who are coming to our shores. America owes her liberty and her prosperity to the spirit of Christianity which ruled and animated her founders. If our -country -is to remain true to her original aims, and advance along the line of her first development, she must see to it that the Gospel of Christ pervades and transforms the whole of her vastly increasing population.-HENRY VAN DYKE.

King Lewanika of

IT]HE death of the and attentive. In the midst of the 3arotse King Lew ….. · spectators, in the broad sunlight, kneeling on the burning sand, were . ika in Northwest the six ·culprits.

– Rhodesia, was an- The prime minister of Lewanika, proceeded to admonish the culprits, nounced on February soundly berating one after the other. As he pronounced each name, the . 15th and recalls some one addrest had to clap his hands -a proceeding not without a touch interesting facts about this pictur- of picturesqueness.

esque and powerful native African One of the two chiefs, the less culpable, was allowed to retain his ruler in British territory. chieftainship and was punished only by the confiscation of a part of his Lewanika, King of the Barotses, goods and of his slaves. The other, the most important chief in the ruled for over thirty years (since northwest of Lealuyi, and the third in rank after the King, was utterly 1885) on the Zambesi, where the stript of his authority and de- prived of villages, his fields, his French Protestants have one of their wives, his slaves, his title, and his very name. The other culprits fared most successful missions. It was in the same way, and the sentence was carried out immediately. The there that the famous missionary, unfortunates were obliged to leave the capital that very day, and set out Fran~ois Coillard and his wife lived alone, each man taking with him only one wife whom he had at his and labored. Lewanika was the arrival. He was commanded not to stop at any village of the King, twenty-second king in a line of but to go to utter exile and forget- fulness to his native village. Barotse rulers and after many wars Lewanika and the others showed m~de a treaty of peace with Great with great pleasure and pride the' beautiful Bibles and Testaments pre- Britain in 1890. He was one of sented to them on the occasion of their visit to th(: Bible House in the most picturesque guests at the London. The prime minister, who accompanied the King said: "You coronation of King Edward of Eng- can not conceive their incessant activity in good works; they have land. houses for the sick, schools for the Some amusing instances of King Lewanika's rigorous rule over his subjects are given by the late Jacques Lienard: He became strongly opposed to in- toxicating drinks, and on one oc- casion two chiefs and· four servants of the King were brought before him on the charge of having been found drunk. As several of them were old offenders Lewanika re- solved to neglect no means of ren- dering the sentence of the culprits impressive. The culprits were ar- raigned before a public meeting at which the King presided, seated in his royal arm-chair. Under every tree all around the' vast Lekhothla (meeting-place), men crouched, silent

blind, where they do miracles, teach- God. In the parliament it is the Gosing them to read and write and sing pel which makes the laws; in society and work. Vhatastonished us most it is the Gospel which inspires a benewas their habit of giving. They ficence which we here have never never go to any service without even imagined; it is the Gospel which putting their hands in their pockets renders the people intelligent by and taking something out! When their schools, and which gives to we asked what all this money could the nations security and happiness. be used for, they spoke of schools The missionaries told me so–and and churches, help for their own now 1 have seen it. Barots, let us sick and poor, and for heathen coun- come out of our darkness, out from tries far away. The consequence was our former heathenism! Listen to that we caught the habit of giving the instructions of our missionaries. too! Every time we went to church Come on Sunday to church; sencl the King gave £1 IOS., Imasiku (his your children to the school in order son-in-law) and 1 £1 each, and the that we also may be men." other two (servants), IOS." The Lord's Day following saw When Lewanika returned to the over one thousand met for worship Zambesi, from London, he gathered of the true God, and four were baphis subjects together and made an ap- tized. propriate address. He ascended a platform, and in strong voice, said The mission of the French Protthat he was bound publicly to estants to the Barotses was founded thank the missionaries for all the in 1886 by Fra!1(;ois Coillard and his good they had done for his wife. Previous to 1884, when the country. Altho not a professing missionaries first visited his country, Christian he said: "I have two King Lewanika had met only white words to say. Here is the first: traders, and he had fleeced them at 'Praise God, bless Him!' If my his pleasure. He asked M. Coillard voyage has succeeded, thanks are for all sorts of things, such as due to the colonel who attended me, candles, coffee, medicine, etc. Eighand to your aged missionary (Mr. teen months later the missionaries Coillard) who prepared my way. located a permanent mission station That is true, very true; but, above at Sefula, not far from the King's all, it is God, yea, it is He who has court at Lealuyi. Coillard at once guided me, who has guarded me, began preaching, and opened a who has raised me up these friends, school under a tree. The first lesson and who brings me back into the in penmanship consisted of writing midst of you. I say, then: 'Bless in the sand. The school began with God!'" twenty scholars, two of them sons of the King, and five of them his "For the second word, I say: 'The nephews. Gospel, it is all.' I have seen many things, some more marvelous than Lewanika became an ardent total others, but there is one thing as to abstainer and prohibitionist. He also which I can not be silent; every- attempted to put a stop to slavery where I have found the Word of and infanticide, and became a com- paratively enlightened king.

War and Religion in

BY PASTOR RUBEN SAILLENS, PARIS (!.SJ0ME American relig- evangelical and truly born again! ious papers have ex- They might bring about a new and pre 5 t astonishment more drastic Reformation than that that the French Gov- of the sixteenth century. ern~llent, il.l the present ommous CIrcumstances, The French military law does not have not officially recognized God, recognize any distinction between nor called upon the people to pray. priests and laymen, so that about Thus France appears to them a god- 20,000 Roman Catholic priests and less nation; but this is far from being 400 Protestant pastors have had to the case. The government is deeply leave their parishes and to join the respectful toward all manifestations ranks. In some cases they are emof faith; but any official recognition ployed as "brancardiers" (to pick up of religion in France would at once the wounded on the battlefield), ofbe seized upon by the Roman Cath- ten a very dangerous post. Already olic hierarchy as a recognition of we have heard of the death of Pastor their church as the only church, and Bertin Aquillon, a Methodist minismight become the signal of a reac- ter of uncommon gifts and graces, tion toward Rome which would im- twenty-nine years of age, who had peril Protestant liberties. In order, endeared himself to all the company therefore, to maintain the absolute by his wonderful courage in going neutrality the government can not do out under fire to his work of rescue. otherwise than to keep silent on re- He saved many lives at the risk of ligious matters. Protestants in France his own, and took care of the wounnumber only 600,000, most of them ded, depriving himself of the barest living in the South· Land. Protes- necessities. Every Sunday morning, tants desire only respect for their in addition to other opportunities, he religious rights and the full liberty to gathered his fellow soldiers around propagate their faith. him and gave them a Gospel address. On one of the Sundays, when he had Among the administrators, mem- opportunity, he preached in a barn, bers of parliament, and officers of while the enemy was firing at the vilthe army, there are many who at- lage. Men who profest themselves tend Protestant churches, and in infidels have, with great emotion, tesmany high circles, as well as among tified to their admiration and love for the common people, Protestants are this true Christian hero. One Sunlooked upon with favor. Their in- day, while he was meditating on the fluence for the uplifting of the na- address he was to give a few mintion, their leadership in most social utes afterward, he was hit by a movements, is far in excess of their shell, and died within an hour, with a proportion in numbers. Would to smile and the name of Christ on his God that alI Protestants were truly lips.

One of the cheering signs of this Toward the close of July we pretime, so gloomy in other respects, is pared to go to Switzerland, to hold a that the people of France show a summer Dible-school at Morges, near religious disposition, a respect, and Lausanne. These meetings for Chriseven a desire for God, which pre- tian workers, which last three weeks, viously we were not accustomed to are usually well attended, and are find. "Free-thinking" is on the wane, concluded with a convention to whichand not one newspaper attempts any large numbers come from Lausanne of those cheap attacks on religion and Geneva. The motive of that which were before so frequent. The Bible-school and convention is ex- Roman Catholic churches are opened prest in the phrase, "Le Christ tout for special services every day, and entier dans la Bible tout entiere." they load the soldiers with medals of (The whole Christ in the whole Bithe Virgin, written forms of prayer, ble.) and other charms and religious symbols. Thus they seek to make use of Just as we were about to cross the the revival to strengthen their church. frontier, the mobilization of the French armies began, and it soon be- The most encouraging fields of came evident that the Bible-school Protestant effort is in the South of could not be held. We, therefore, France, where, in the sixteenth and turned our steps again to that place seventeenth centuries, the Huguenot where, so recently, the Lord had been Church was the prevailing church. using us in bringing souls to Him- The Revocation of the Edict of self. vVe returned to Nimes, and Nantes drove away a large number since the tent was at Morges, and of the inhabitants, and the hangman's could not be removed, the Methodist, rope did the rest. N imes is now Congregationalist, and Baptist churcha city of 80,000 inhabitants, of whom es were put at our disposal. 22,000 are nominally Protestants. The adherents of the two classes of popu- Many came to the meetings, testilation are still very distinct; mixed fying that they had found the Lord marriages are uncommon, and even during the tent campaign. the indifferent and those who profess infidelity cling to their Huguenot an- The hospitals and other buildings cestry and make some acknowledg- are full of wounded soldiers from ment to the religion of their fathers. many parts of France. Among them, as we were visiting in the hospitals, In April ( 1914) we came to Nimes we had the privilege to meet two for a Gospel tent campaign, which young men who were converted at was not expected to reach the large the tent. Their joy in seeing us was Catholic community to any extent. most touching. One of them said, From the beginning, however, the "This war is going to do more for large audiences of from 800 to 1,500 the conversion of the people than were made up of all the elements of many serm~ns could do." the population: liberal and orthodox Protestants, Catholics, and Free- May I ask all Christians to pray thinkers. A large number profest to that this great trial may bear rich give themselves to the Lord. spiritual fruit, and that the war may serve the moral and spiritual uplift- ing of France? ~~ DEPADTMENT J Olf BEST METHODS BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, N. Y. BEST METHODS FROM MANY MAGAZINES G;S~~!1 HE missionary maga- ing with them. "This is my life," she zines are so full of said to us, "sending these over the good things from month country that people may know the word to month that it seems of God." Upstairs was a force of unfortunate that mis- helpers opening and writing letters and sionary workers' of all dispatching Bible portions. One wished Voltaire could witness this triumphant denominations can not have the benefit answer to his cynical prophecy-HIn of them. But the number of maga- another century the Bible will be an zines now published is so amazingly extinct book." great that no one worker could hope to compass them all. To this woman came a vision one evening of a wonderful way to reach THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE God's "chosen people." Next morning before the writer left the city she sent WORLD seeks to meet this need by re- for him aud unfolded this plan for printing in various departments some evangelizing the Jews: of the best things gleaned each month from all the missionary periodicals- "Christ's method of teaching the home and foreign. The clipping files crowds who came to Him," she said, of the Best Methods editor have be- "was to tell them stories which they come overflowing with the good things could not understand but which He was in the way of methods and this month ready to explain to any individuals the entire department is given over to who asked Him for the explanation. them. Let us try His method-sending His stories (Yiddish and English side by TO THE JEW FIRST! side) into thousands of Jewish homes Not far from Boston in a cottage by the mail carrier-a missionary whose hidden behind some trees on the bank entrance into the home no persecution of a winding little stream, there lives can defeat." a ;;oul so great that it reaches from Boston to San Francisco and from The result? A few months later Canada to Mexico-the soul of a 10,000 Jewish families in New York woman consecrated to God. She has awoke to find on their breakfast tables wealth, but it is the Lord's; she has a personal letter from a Mission to culture, but that has been laid at His the Jews telling them of their Messiah feet; she has genius and shrewd ability, and inclosing four of the stories that but these are all flung into one great He told the people of Palestine ninedetermined purpose to do His will. teen hundred years ago. For weeks In her cellar we saw a sea of- foIlowing the mis,;ion hall overflowed Bibles! Crate after crate fairly burst- with new and eager Jewish faces, and 1 Condensed from The Chosen Peopl•. the mails brought letters of inquiry A RECIPE FOR SECURING NEW from many hungry Jewish souls. MEMBERS4 This year the same 10,000 Jews are 1. Make the meetings kindly, cordial, receiving another letter, which is in- social, with good programs well preaugurating in New York Jewry a revo- pared on one definite subject each time. lution against blind Rahinnical leadership and which reveals the startling 2. Choose the day and hour most truth that the true Christian loves the convenient for all. Jew, and that the Jew 111USt have Christ as his Savior and the crowning glory 3. Have each meeting well anof his Judaism. nounced from the pulpit and on the church calendar. Meanwhile the modest woman, whose check has covered every dollar of this 4. Begin on time, end on time; busy undertaking, is busy in ller little cot- 1V0men have no tillle to waste. tage on the river siele and smiles content. Her works do prai.sc her and 5. Meet together quietly in advance of the meeting and talk it over-not succeeding generations of Jcwish chil- all the Society, but only the officer~ and a few most interested. Pray abollt it dren will rise up and call her blessed. together. Ask the Lord to guide and direct. The work is His; the land is DOLLARS MEAN SOULS2 His; and we honestly wish to do His will in making and keeping this a Chris- If anyone complains that the tian nation. Woman's Foreign Missionary Society is always after money, quote Bishop THE NEW MEMBER-WHAT McCabe's saying', SHOULD BE DONE FOR HER· "DOLLARS MEAN SOULS." Help her to get an intelligent knowl- edge of our work. To you who have When tempted to self-indulgence at been in the work for years the terms the expense of the missionary treasury, we use are easily understood. But to remember, the new member such words as aux- iliary, synodical, general fund, contin- "DOLLARS MEAN SOULS." gent fund, etc., are confusing if not altogether unintelligible. Explain them THE VALUE OF UNITED EFFORP to her-not once, but again and again until she is perfectly familiar with "And five of you shall chase an hun- them. dred, and an hundred of you shaIl put ten thousand to tlight."-Lev. 26: 8. Show her the pictures of your par- ticular missionaries and make her ac- Five chase one hundred (20 each). quainted with them. Tell her where Do one hundred chase two thousand each is located and what her special (20 each)? work is. No-One hundred chase tell thousand (100 each) f If she has not subscribed to Lutheran "How shall one chase a thousand, Woman's Work, urge her to do so. If and two put ten thousand to flight? she feels that she can not, get one of Deut. 32: 30. your members who is a subscriber to One chases aile thousand. share her copy with her each month. Do t:lO chase tilO thousand? No-T7l0 chase ten thousand! Give her something to do. Find out When you have multiplied your work- her qualification. If you have not a ers you ~ave increased your power five- place ready for her to fit in, make one. fold!

2 From lVoman's Missionary Friend. 4 Fl<om The [-lome Missionary. 3 From The Missionary Survey. r; Condensed from Lutheran Woman's Work.

OF BEST METHODS

She will soon feel that she "belongs" second, to make our request for aid when she realizes that a part of the definite. work devolves upon her. 'A little group of eight or ten mem- Appoint one of the old members to bers agreed to give a supper to the be a committee of one to be especially society in November, inviting all by nice to her. Make her feel that she is postcard and stating that there would welcome and then show her what a be no charge for supper and lIO col- beautiful bond of fellowship binds all lection taken. Doctor J. P. Jones, for- missionary women together. merly of Madura, India, was invited to take supper with us and give us a Finally, pray for her. You feel that greeting, his masculine isolation being you have done all you can; now ask relieved by the presence of the pastor. our heavenly Father to fit her for serv- A public meeting also to be addrest ice and use her for His glory. by Doctor Jones was arranged for eight o'clock, the men and women of AN EMERGENCY SUPPER6 our own and other churches being in- vited. This made it a notable occa- The officers of the First Church sion. Auxiliary in–, meeting last fall to consider plans for work, felt a little But we did not intend the supper to dubious about the annual contribution pass as a mere social function. It was which would be due the following a good thing to greet each other, so spring. many of us; but no opportunity could have been better for a financial state- The auxiliary had been making steady ment. So after Doctor Jones had growth. An Every Woman Canvass spoken and he and the pastor had left held every fall had raised its member- for a breath of fresh air, the treasurer ship from 97 in 1911 to 224 in 1914. had things all her own way for ten And during the same period the con- minutes. tributions had increased from $258.25 to $428. 85, tho dues had been abolished She took the society into her conas a condition of membership. fidence and urged the special need with all her power. Then she said that, But in the autumn of 1914 the busi- realizing the difficulties that might preness depression was heavy in this New vent some of us from giving as much England town. Men were out of work, as usual, the executive committee had families were economizing, the war decided to ask all who could do so to cloud hung over enterprise and purses increase their contribution by one-fifth; fat and lean were being emptied to that is, we were asking those who had help the Belgians and the wounded in given 10 cents last year to give 12, war. From the Board rooms came and those who had given $10 to give rumors of an anxious outlook. In our $12 and so on, That was all. Then own auxiliary the contributions of the we passed from the table to the audisummer and early fall were far from ence room for Doctor Jones' address. promlsmg. For instance-one group But the treasurer had had her hearing. of four women who gave $16 last summer sent in only $9 this summer. In the spring when the annual col- lection was made, a statement of the "Can we maintain our standard of condition of the treasury was sent out contributions next spring?" The ques- with the envelopes together with a retion would ask itself. "We can! But quest for the one-fifth increase. how shall we do it?" When the envelopes were opened, Two things seemed necessary: First, tho some had not been able to give and to make the society realize the need; • Condensed from Ufe and Lillhl.

others had not enlarged their gifts, the thrills and excitement, and we should response was so generous that the total supply it in legitimate ways lest they amount was $520.10, the largest in the seek it in other ways. To do this we history of the society. This method, of have, in our missionary history and course, could not be used repeatedly, literature, facts and conditions that but it helped to tide us over a difficult will furnish thrills enough to satisfy year. every girlish heart. But alas! we do not live up to our privileges, for with DO YOU?7 long faces and whining voices we kill the life ancl throb of our missionary It is said that the American people stories until they become deadly dull spend more money for neckties than for things·. Some missionary meetings re- books. mind one of the description of an old- fashioned prayer-meeting-"a deacon And they spend more for shoe-strings and a hymn, a deacon and a hymn, a than for missionary books. deacon and a hymn, and we all go home." Some of our meetings are PUT THE MISS IN MISSIONS8 often "a sister and a paragraph, a sister and a paragraph, a sister and a [A Toast given by Mrs. Emma G. paragraph, and we all go home." And Selden at a Baptist Missionary Banquet then we marvel that the bright club in Denver.] woman and the fun-loving girl are not interested in our missionary meetings. Please notice that this title is in no wise a misfit, nor one to misconstrue But our girls are not unmoved by or misinterpret. It means that if we, the higher motives and there are few who bear the title of Mrs., fail to put who will not respond to an appeal to the Miss 111 missions, we are re- loftier ideals when they see the Gospel creant to our duty, have missed our of Jesus Christ to be first, last, and greatest privilege and opportunity, and all the time, missionary. Then a bigger have misused our power and influence vision of Jesus, our great missionary, in so mischievous a manner as to make who is our example and incentive to even a misanthrope weep. Do not mis- a life of noble missionary service, will understand me nor let my point mis- enter the hearts of our girls and show carry-we must, as we love missions itself in missionary interest both mateand believe in missions and are de- rial and spiritual. voted to the cause of missions, we must put the Miss in missions. Let us not misapply our material, misconceive our opportunity, nor mis- Why? Because some of us are grow- calculate our girls, but leading them ing gray and some are falling by the to see the things that are really worth way. The European nations now at while, we shall not fail to put the Miss war are calling for recruits, the liquor in Missions. men ask for thousands of boys each year to keep the ranks of the drunk- CHILDLESS SOCIETIESg ards full. If these need recruits for their business, how much more do we, If you know of a childless Woman's who are in the King's business. Miss"ionary Society-one that does not have a Junior Missionary Society under How shall we get them? First, our its wing-will you use all your inmaterial must be in interesting form. fluence to show the women that they Second, this interesting material should are shirking their responsibility and have enthusiastic presentation. Girls must have life and action, they want • From The Woman's Missionary Magazine.

7From The Missionary Intelligencer. 8 From Missions.

missing a great blessing ?-MRs. 1. H. the six asked not one refused. Eight or ten subjects for study were then MILLIKEN. chosen and presented to the whole club for selection. When six subjects had A SAMPLE OF EFFECTIVE been decided upon, books covering the PUBUCITYIO topics were very carefully selected, those in charge of this choke coming to New We have recently received a sample York for the purpose of thorough exof effective publicity by a men's mis- amination of all the possibilities, and sionary committee. It is in the form deciding upon what they considered of a letter. At the top is an astonish- the text-books best fitted for their puring picture of a great hall crowded pose without regard to the question of with 4,000 Chinese. Underneath are who published the books. the accompanying statements: Each leader then took one of the six "Not in the United States, but in subjects for her own and had the en- China! tire summer in which to study it and prepare herself to meet her class. "Nat in Philadelphia waiting for Seventeen members enrolled as mem- 'Billy' Sunday, but in Pekin waiting bers of the book club and eighty-three for a Missionary! as members of classes. Cards were sent to all these announcing subjects "Here, in 1895, mlsslOnaries' were and names of the leaders, and each was torn limb from limb. asked to indicate her choice of a class.

"Here, in 1915, four thousand (4,000) Before any general class meeting Chinese assembled to listen to Mr. was held the leaders came together to Sherwood Eddy. hear a preparatory talk from Mrs. Helen B. Montgomery, whose home is "Nhat further evidence of the great in Rochester. The season opened in uplift must there be? September with a general gathering for supper. There was a large and "yVe need our 0:, n missionary to enthusiastic attendance, class members help this cause and us! became acquainted with their respective leaders, each member received her own "We ask you to assist, .and to make text-book and note-book and the first 'St. Andrew's' a Church of Works, lesson was assigned. Eight regular not Words! meetings were held, one each month until the first of June. "MrsSIONARY COMMITTEE, As a result of this careful and in- "St. Andrew's Church." telligent planning and unsparing effort /I.. note at the bottom tells the amount the classes were without exception an of the apportionment and asks every absolute success. A keen new inone to help in the offering on the terest was aroused among many who following .::>unday. had formerly been indifferent; those who had been interested before gained A MISSION STUDY CLUBll in intelIigence and breadth; much hard The Third Presbyterian Church of individual work was done; a steady Rochester had no study class but had a increase in individual and collective Young Women's Missionary Society. It prayer was manifest, and the contriwas planned to resolve the whole mem- butions to missions gained 40 per bership of this society into a Mission cent. Study Club, the club to be organized in six divisions or classes, each limited to fifteen members, and a circulating book club for those who could not be regular attendants of any of the classes. The first step was to procure six competent leaders for the classes. These were carefully chosen and of ]0 Fro.m Tlt-e Spirit of Missions. I1From Woman's Work.

DEFINING A STUDY CLASS12 the church by a member. Here base- A Mission Study Class is: ball was in progress and tennis courts A number from six to twelve and swings in full use. Ladies of the Meeting weekly church served refreshments in the great I n some home or chapel woods that hem the field and photo- Seated around a table graphs were taken of the four uni- Studying together formed ball teams with Mr. and Mrs. I nspiring facts and stories Harlow in the midst of the boys. Opening session on time These pictures are to be enlarged and N ot extending over one and one-half hours copies hung on the walls of the church and of the missionary home in Turkey. Sessions brimful of Mr. Harlow umpired a game between T rue enthusiasm two of the ball teams and played a U sed to stir up the "gift of God." little himself while Mrs. Hirlow was Devoted to enlarged efforts to encourage making friends with the girls. Y outhfu! spontaneity to form From the ball field Dr. Durkee took Concerted plans for extending the missionaries to the church, where Larger and broader knowledge to lunch was served in the parlor,. with A 11 church members, that the deacons and Standing Committee. Such may aid in Strengthening the army of the Great King.

-MARY A. GILDERSLEEVE. An informal hour followed, during HOW ONE CHURCH ADOPTED ITS which Mr. Harlow, with the aid of a MISSIONARIES13 map, outlined briefly the field and na- ture of the work to which they go. The enthusiastic way in which South Church, Brockton, Mass., welcomed Mr. Sunday was a busy day. Mr. Har- and Mrs. Ralph Harlow as their new low preached in the morning and Mrs. missionary representatives is well worth Harlow spoke in the Sunday-school, description as ideal. the entire hour being given to the mis- sionaries under Mr. Wirt's careful ar- From the moment Rev. Loyal L. rangement; six hundred were present Wirt, the assistant pastor of the church, Each class sent its representative to met Mr. and Mrs. Harlow as the train the platform with some farewell repulled into the station on Saturday membrance. morning till they were given a Godspeed on the Tuesday following, they The kindergartners gave a beautiful were made to feel that South Church photograph of the large oil painting, was with them from the babies on the "Christ and the Children," by Gabrini, Cradle Roil to the members of the which hangs in the Sunday-school and Standing Committee. Every moment was the gift of Mr. George E. Keith, of the time had been planned for and president of the Walk-Over Shoe Comthe program was carried out with en- pany. thusiasm. The afternoon was as busy as the On Saturday the young missionaries morning. After lunch in another were taken to the homes of members home, Mrs. Harlow addrest the Junior of the church to make personal ac- Endeavor Society, the largest in the quaintances. At one of the homes world. The Juniors presented Mr. and lunch was served. After a delightful Mrs. Harlow with gold Christian Enhour, Doctor Durkee, the great- deavor pins as tokens of their love and hearted pastor of the church, escorted support. Half an hour later the Interthem to the athletic field, recently given mediates and Seniors filed in and both the missionaries told something of the "From The Home Mission Monthly. mission work they have been doing in "Condensed from Thll Missionary Herold.

DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS .297

New York City. At the evening ser- beloved s'ecretary of her Board, an vice in the church both spoke on "Why amusing Round Robin from some class- I am going to the Foreign Field." mates, etc., etc., and two lovely notes of thanks from the Junior Endeavor After a good night's rest at the home Society in which Peggy had grown of their hostess, Doctor Durkee caned up and to which several months before and took Mr. and Mrs. Harlow for a she had sent a long letter about the long ride through the country, fresh "Children in Blue." and vivid in the rare glory of a June morning. Lunch was served in the There was one which she left to the superb administration building of the very last. It bore an unfamiliar hand- Walk-Over Shoe Company. Then they writing and a strange post mark, that hurried to the church again where a of the city of X–. Very brief its children's service was held, Mrs. Har- contents were: "Will you kindly send low singing and Mr. Harlow telling our society a letter which we may stories with the aid of the blackboard. read at our meeting on April 10th?"

After dinner in another home came a "April 10th," exclaimed Peggy exlarge farewell reception in the church citedly, "why this is March 9th, this parlors with refreshments and an or- very day! Oh, if only those at home chestra. This was just the "Amen" who want letters would give us time, to what the church had been saying all at least three months from the request along-"We're behind you with our to the day of the expected receiving! prayers, our interest and our love." Wen, that fast J apanesemail via For- mosa is my only chance. Yet how can With what added zeal will these new I do it to-night with two home letters missionaries go forth; and will not the which must be written, and my lessons church itself find that in giving it too for the girls, all the countless interwill receive an hundredfold? ruptions, and prayer-meeting besides !"

A STARTLING QUESTI0N14 Peggy stinted the dear home "folks" by five pages, she went late to prayer- If God were to guarantee you $1,000 meeting, and unprepared to her classes. in cash for every soul won into the King- But the letter, neatly typed and regis- dom, would you work harder to win tered, was dispatched by the ten o'clock souls to Him than yOU are working steamer next morning. now? Three months later, Peggy was look- If so, WHY? ing over her Letter Record. "Yes, that society in X– surely received A CASE FOR CHRISTIAN COURTESY15 that article long ago, and by this time I should have had some acknowledgment. "Oh Peggy, dear, there's a big home Certainly I deserved a gracious "thank mail here, and you have a dozen letters you." Even tho it were on a post-card, beside a bunch of papers and maga- I'd be so glad to see it." zines!" To Peggy, just in from a hot afternoon at school in China, this was But Peggy never heard from her very good news. She was not slow letter. Her associates told her of the in claiming her portion of the Ameri- many times this had happened to their can 'mail on the table in the hall. special contributions, and one who had given many beautiful years of blessed In her study she read with great service in that far-away land said, delight her messages from the dear "Peggy, as you grow older you will ones at home, a cheering one from a realize that Christian courtesy is be- coming strangel! rare." 14 From M issiollS. 15 From The Missionary Gleaner.

Are 'j'ou among those who forget to ers was as follows: Large. maps of return kindly thanks for the help you misisonary countries were made and cut receive from the letters of your mis- into pieces, each bearing the name of a sionaries, yes, and for the assistance of missionary working in that section. your Board Secretaries in the way of These were distributed and when all literature and advice? Or are you the missionaries from any field had happily among those who remember to been gotten together, a map of the say "Thank you?" country could easily be put together.

MISSIONARY SOCIALS16 Lists of the missionaries in the vari- ous fields were at hand and much In the Young People's Auxiliary at enthusiasm was displayed by the several Perry, Ga., we try to have in addition groups in finding their missionaries' and to our regular meetings two or three putting their maps together. social meetings in which the aim is to impart missionary information, but in Perhaps the best meeting of all was a different way. one devoted to The Missionary Voice. Sixteen members seated in groups of At one meeting everyone on coming four at four tables, were each told to in, drew from a basket the name of edit a missIOnary magazine. Large one of our missionaries. On a table folders were given them, containing were reports of these missionaries sheets with headings printed, indicating clipped from the minutes of our Wo- the subjects to be treated, such as man's Council. These were searched "Locals Concerning Missionaries,", through until each guest found the re- "Notes from Our Schools, Home and port corresponding to the name she had Foreign," "Successes of the Gospel in drawn. Then fifteen minutes was Africa and Asia,'" "Interesting Stagiven for quietly studying these re- tistics," "Pointed Paragraphs," "Seports. Then, one by one, the young lected Poems," etc., with the front page people introduced themselves to the of each paper to be used for an gathering under their new names and original editorial. After an hour spent told in the first person of their work. in careful search through the six copies of the Voice furnished to each table, Another plan that resulted in better making selections and pasting them on acquaintance with our fields and work- the papers, a delightful program was furnished by the reading of the four 16 Condensed from The Mission.ary Voice. productions.-MRs. GEORGE C: NUNN.

AN EASTER POSTER17 "~bc Ilotb i~ mi~cn lnbccb anb Ij)atb appcatcb"

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allcluliat " Adapted from The Assembly Herald.

E I DI

"8GOD'S WORD TO HIS PEOPLE may follow the war and may lead to UT now," saith the Lord that the winning of the Moslem world to created thee, "0 Jacob," and He the Standard of the Cross. Miss Annie that formed thee, "0 Israel": "Fear not van Sommer (CuffnelIs, Weybridge, for I have redeemed thee; I have called England), is the acting secretary. thee by thy name. Thou are mine. And I have loved thee; therefore will I give Already there are some five hundred men for thee and people for thy life. members in the Fellowship including Fear not, for I am with thee; I will bring missionaries and converts from Islam. thy seed from the East and gather thee A special three days of prayer for Mosfrom the West and I will say to the lems was arranged in March in England, North, give up; and to the South, keep America, and Egypt. not back. Bring My sons from afar and My daughters from the ends of the earth. None can estimate the results of such I have declared and have saved and I union in faith and intercession. It was have showed when there was no strange in a season of united prayer that Pente- God among you. Therefore ye are My cost came in Jerusalem; in response to united intercession the past revivals have witnesses, saith the Lord, that i am God, come, and wiil come again to-day. When the Church is ready to take advantage of I even I am the Lord, and beside Me the crumbling of Moslem opposition to there is no Savior. I am the Lord Christ, then, we believe, the barriers will your Holy One, the Creator of Israel, fall down flat and the Church may take your King, the Lord, your King. AMEN." possession of these lands in name of the Son of God. FELLOWSHIP OF FAITH THE NATIONAL BIBLE INSTITUTE ONE benefit derived indirectly from times of trial and difficulty is the ON another page of the REVIEW ap- pears an interesting story of some drawing together of Christians, the increased sense of dependence upon God of the many phases of the work of and a deeper realization of the need of the National Bible Institute. We know spiritual power for spiritual results. of no organization that is conducted with greater consecration and economy, with There have recently been formed more persistent and consistent striving many "fellowships" of intercession, after spiritual fruitage through spiritual "fellowships" of peace, and recently a methods or that has more definite and "fellowship" of faith for Moslems. The encouraging results in the conversion leaders in this last group of Christians of men and in their training for Chrisare, Bishop Charles H. Stileman, re- tian service. cently of Persia and now in England, and the Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, of The reason for this success is not Arabia and Egypt. The appeal is to difficult to discover. The Institute was Christians 'at home and on the field to founded nine years ago under the conunite in prayer, service, and sacrifice in VictIOn that a special movement was order that the victories of faith in Christ needed to enlist the laymen of our

churches in a systematic effort to reach and Brooklyn. The Sunday afternoon the unevangelized multitudes in New Bible Hour at the Institute Headquarters York and other great cities, and in an is very largely attended and is followed organized plan to train Christian work- every Sunday night by an hour for ers for this evangelism. The President prayer. Every noon from May to Octo- . of the Institute is Mr. Don O. Shelton, a ber, outdoor evangelistic meetings are consecrated and trained layman, who held at from three to five prominent brings decided talents and wide experi- points in New York and also in Phila- ence to the direction of the work. With delphia. Every night in the year four him are associated eleven other leading Gospel halls are open and seeking to save laymen, as' members of the Board of the lost. For each of these Gospel Directors. These men are not mere halls there is a committee of management figure-heads but devote a large amount that oversee the work, and help to bear of time, thought, and energy to the af- the financial responsibilities. fairs of the Institute. They are all active members of evangelical churches, and One of the financial principles of the many of them are men of large business Institute is a "No debt" policy. This is experience and responsibility. One is difficult to maintain in view of the fact the head of a well-known advertising that the work is supported entirely by agency; another the vice-president of a free-will offerings. But so economically successful lithographing company; one is is the work conducted that the entire the head of a cleaning and dyeing estab- enterprise is maintained at an annual lishment with fifteen branches; and an- expense of less than $30,OOO-about one- other, head of a large wholesale woolen half the cost of maintaining similar house. These men freely devote not only work in other cities. In the nine years time but money to the work; at least one since the Institute was founded, the of them includes a regular con'rillL1tion to assets have grown from nothing to $220,- the Institute in the weekly payroll of the OOO-in direct answer to prayer. One company which he controls. The direc- of the most hopeful signs of the work tors study methods of applying business is the large number of praying givers. efficiency as well as spiritual power to Many of these are poor in this world's the work of the Institute. goods but rich in faith. In answer to their prayers, in addition to their gifts The central aim dominating all de- of money and self, the hundreds of men partments of the work is evat1geIism- and women are saved for time and how to reach the man in the street eternity-these include drunkards, gang- through open-air meetings and in Gospel sters, thieves, as well as many who have halls; how to develop the converts sinned less openly but who also need the through Bible teaching and personal ser- Li fe that is in Christ Jesus. The oppor- vice; how to train laymen for effective tunities are so great and needs are so evangelistic work; and how to extend pressing that there is danger lest the the Gospel message through the printed work be hampered for lack of funds. page. Veekly Bible lectures are held at Some of God's stewards may find this a the headquarters building in New York, great and paying investment. in the rented hall in Philadelphia, and in Brooklyn. The attendance has grown A visit to the Institute Headquarters, to such proportions that the capacity of in the heart of New York, or to any of the meeting places is already taxed to the four Gospel missions wiJI well repay their utmost and larger accommodations thos'e who are interested to see evidences seem necessary. Funds have already of present-day miracles or who would been started for buildings in Philadelphia appreciate spiritual Bible study and prac- tical training for Christian work.

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S5l DYNEWS INDIA people. It is among these villages that the great Mass Movement is taking Unoccupied Field. in India place.-Rev. R. H. Clancy.

THE India Continuati?n. Committee Evangelism Through Charts of the Edinburgh MIssIOnary Con- IN his recent evangelistic campaign in ference has put forth certain "findings" South India, Sherwood Eddy ex- hibited with marked success, a series of with regard to missionary work in the charts which he described as follows: great Indian peninsula: "Fi;st came a dozen showing India's brighter side: one picturing India's pre- 1. Large tracts' of territory in each eminence in the rice crop; another in the monopoly of the world's jute trade; province are wholly unoccupied by wit- first again in the matter of cattle indi- cated by the largest sized cow as over nesses for Christ. against those of America, Russia, etc.,; fourth in railways her locomotive being 2. Entire communities, classes, and smaller only than those of America, Russia, and Germany. castes are almost untouched, even in so- "Next a series showing the darker called occupied areas. In Bengal, there side of India: poorest in wealth per capita among the nations and almost are 159 thanas, or police circles, con- stationary in this item; the high death- rate, compared with that of other countaining a total population of 19,000,000, tries; the education situation in charts, with black and white squares showing without a single Christian living in all Japan's children in school and the majority of India's out of school; and them. There are six divisions in the charts on social needs, showing number of child-widows. southeastern portion of the United "Then a series of charts showing Provinces, with a population of 30,000,- rapid growth of Christianity and steady decline of all national religions) On the 000, and Behar, with 23,000,000, very in- three successive nights of the meetings, the subjects are the national need, the adequately occupied. Bombay reports personal need, and Christ as meeting these needs." s1l0i~0h0t0l~00t0ouocfheidts 29,000,000 in areas but by missionary effort. Student Social Service Work in India The Mohammedans of the Empire, REV. D. T. FLEMING, PH.D., who, during his life in Lahore, did much 6ti6~e0l0y0,0re0a0chsetdro, nges, peacrieallnyotinbeSionugtheffaencd- to lead Indian students into social ser- Central India..

A large number of the native states, with a population of many millions, are still without a single Christian.

The Immense Field in India IF Christ had started .on the d~y of His baptism to preach 111 the vIllages of India, and had continued up to the present, visiting one village each day, healing the sick and proclaiming the Gospel, He would still have left unvisited 30,000 villages in India. The villages of India contain nine-tenths of the population of the land, or more than 280,000,000

vice work, writes in The Student and be ready to press on.-The Harvest World: Field.

"It is impressive to note the way in German Orphanages in India which India's students respond to the call for community service." I N spite of the efforts of the British missionarie·s to save the situation it is The students of Forman College, La- a burning question what to do with the hore, gathered together before the last German orphanage work. Basel Mission summer vacation, and 85 per cent. of has 12 ordained, 11 unordained Swiss misthem signed statements that they would sionaries, among them 11· married and 9 engage in some form of work for their lady missionaries. The Leipzig Society communities during the summer. Dr. is able to leave its stations to the closely Fleming says: "In the social work done related Swedes. Hermannsburg has a by the students of India several things missionary born in India who is a Britimpress one-the willingness of the men ish subject; and the school work is in to respond to calls for definite service: American hands. The Gosner Mission the abundance of practical work that has given its work among the Kols even untrained men can do for their (with more than 100,000 Christians) communities; the need of more careful over to the Anglican bishop of Chota training and organization in social ser- Nagpur. The Moravian Mission in vice work; and the necessity of a the Himalayas continues undisturbed, dynamic that will make them go for- since a number of the missionaries were ward after they have seen the cost in able to remain. sacrifice and love that must be made. Such facts constitute a peculiar call to The Blind of India Christian student leaders." T HERE are in India 600,000 blind Man Movement. in India people, of whom about 34,000 are in the Madras Presidency. The only THERE were 40,000 persons refused schools for the blind in that presidency baptism by the Methodist Episcopa.l are those of the Church Miss'ionary workers in India last year and possibly Society at Palamcotta. A home for the 150,000 enquirers were put off. Very few in America realize the urgency of blind was opened by Miss A. J. Askwith such a statement. Are these multitudes to be left untaught, unshepherded ? in the compound of the Sarah Tucker I f not, then more workers must be found. College in 1892, and the first who was More Indian Christians must deny admitted was a blind boy named Suppu, themselves in order to teach these lowly who came begging. He was promised fellow countrymen of theirs, who hard- regular wages if he learned how to pull ly know their right hand from their a punkah. He accepted, and every day left? Do the Indian Christians know walked two miles for his work. In and realize the urgency of the situation 1909 schools for boys and girls were and will they volunteer? opened in a healthy part of Palamcotta. To-day there are 49 blind boys in the The appeal to the home churches is school, with 28 in the industrial departquite as powerful. When will the home ment; and the girls number 33 of whom churches realize the needs of India and seven are in the industrial department. send adequate help? Must the thousands In the latter cotton-weaving is the chief perish for lack of knowledge and the industry; the girls make tapes, and bas- present opportunity be for ever lost? kets, and screens of beads. There are God is working among the nations. May 3 English and 25 Indian teachers in the the churches read the signs of the times school, 11 of the latter being blind. Both Tamil and English are taught.

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Indian Christiana in the Army lege has recently been built through the gifts of Mrs. Cyrus H. McCormick, of FOR the first time Indian Christians Chicago, and Mrs. Livingstone Taylor, have been recruited to form distinct of Cleveland. It was opened on companies of Indian regiments. This November 9, 1915, when appropriate adstep has been taken in response to the dresses were made by the Lieutenantearnest desire of young men belonging Governor of the United Provinces. to Christian families in the Panjab to serve in the war. The growth of the Heathenism in India Indian Christian community in the last census period was 32.6 per cent. for the THE annual report of the English whole of India, but in the Panjab the Baptist Mission gives various number of Christians increased threefold, tho it is still relatively small, con- glimpses of heathenism. One writer tributing in 1911 only some 200,000 of mentions a Thakur Pura Mela which he the 3,876,000 Christians in India. Three attended near Chittagong. A Buddhist double companies have been formed ac- priest had been kept three years after cordingly, consisting of Panjabi Chris- his death rolled up in tobacco leaf. At tians. One of them, comprizing Angli- the end of that time he was cremated cans, has been put in a light regiment with great ceremonies in the presence now on service, while two double com- of thousands of Buddhist pilgrims. Anpanies of Presbyterians have been at- other writes of a Hindu shrine which tached to a regiment of light infantry at consisted of a board provided with very Bangalore.-The Christian. sharp spikes, in front of which a pair of slippers were placed and gifts of food. Farming Evangelism The theory is that the god comes in the night time and fakir-like takes his seat PROF. SAM. HIGGINBOTTOM, of on the spikes. The slippers and food Allahabad, India, writes that he finds are left there to ease him while he is the weak point in agricultural mission enduring the pains of the spiked seat. work is that the education given in the schools tends to separate the pupils from An epidemic of pneumonia among the their people. They are offered good Lushai is attributed to evil spirits and salaries and never really become farmers every noise is prohibited lest the epior teachers of farmers in India. Prof. demic fiends should be attracted. Higginbottom is putting emphasis on the training of farm demonstrators for mis- With the Territorial Troops sions and government service. Small farms of about five acres are given to THE withdrawal from India of the those who take a year's training and who regular British troops and the sendpay rent for the land and interest on capital loaned to them. They are taught ing out of young men known as Territo work their farms profitably. The great torials to take their placeS', have difficulty is the lack of funds. Many brought to the Young Men's Christian Christian boys have applied for oppor- Association a new opportunity for servtunities, but have had to be refused, and ice. It seemed that for the sake of the Professor Higginbottom appeals for gifts personal welfare of these new soldiers, of $500 each to pay for a farm, build a for the sake of the reaction on the house, and furnish the necessary equip- Indian community, for the sake of ment. It is a good investment. their future influence for or against the missionary cause, what was needed A large dormitory for the agricultural above all for thes'e young men was a department of the Ewing Christian Col- Christian Association.

Social and religious activities, simi- lar to those which are making the

"Y. M. C. A. huts" centers of such come home if they think best. Aintab, great influence among the troops and Marash, Adana and Brousa have sufwar prisoners throughout Europe to- fered terribly, but not like the other day, are conducted for these Terri- places mentioned. At Talas and Cesarea, torials, but there is also a steady effort where the population is more largely to give the men a constructive idea of Greek, and where the governor has been Indian life. One means to this end friendly, the work goes on as usual, and has been the giving of lectures and the schools are full to overflowing. In demonstrations by Indians themselves. Constantinople the deportation has been The work done for the Territorial comparatively slight. At Smyrna the troops will react on every department college is doing a greater work than of the Association's work in India.- ever. Miss Vaughan remains alone at Foreign Mail. Hadjin; but is considered safe. The Stapletons are alone at Erzroom, which MOSLEMS IN ASIA has been taken by the Russians.

American Missionaries in Turkey German View of Armenian Problem DR. JAMES L. BARTON, of the AT the time of the protest of the American Board, in his Survey of American Government to Constantithe Fields, reports: nople on the subject of the Armenian massacres, statements bearing the ap- "Probably in all the history of mis- pearance of being of official Turkish sions, two hundred missionaries have origin, were made, evidently for the purnever been called to pass through more pose of trying to excuse the Armenian terrible experiences than have our mis- horror. These statements allege the sionaries in Turkey during the last nine Armenian population extended aid to the or ten months; and the end is not yet. enemies of Turkey, bore arms in defiance Not only have they seen their schools of the orders of the Porte, and thousands and the churches broken up, and those joined the armies of Russia to fight for whom and with whom they have la- against Turkey. For this reason, the bored for a life time miserably and cruel- Turks determined to strip Armenia of ly dealt with; but at the same time they Armenians. It is alleged they were dehave often been personally maltreated, ported to interior concentration camps, with their lives in jeopardy … Several but no effort is made to answer the missionaries have suffered brief periods charge that these concentration camps of imprisonment." were in deserts where famine and thirst killed unfortunate exiles often even be- Despatches' from Turkey (December fore they reached their destination. As 29) report that the 190 missionaries are for the massacres the statements allege all safe, altho there has been heavy loss it was' found necessary to execute many through death. Six mission stations Armenians because they were caught aidhave been abandoned temporarily: Van, ing the enemy. These statements come Bitlis, Oorfa, Diarbekir, Adabazar and by way of Germany, and a German mis- Bardezag, the population having been sionary in Turkey writes in the M ennowiped out. At Harput, Trebizond, nitis,che Rundschau: Marsovan, Sivas, Hadj in and Tarsus massacres and deportations have nearly "Before the explosion of the bomb the wiped out the Armenian population, but Turks spoke well of the Armenians, and the missionaries remain to care for the I am thoroughly convinced nothing aged, the infirm, and the children who would have happened to them had the are left, and to guard the mission prop- Armenians not let themselves be pererty. (The Board has $3,000,000 of property in Turkey.) Missionaries may

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suaded by the enemies of Turkey to re- as one of immense potentialities. Under volt against their own government." Turkish misrule it has greatly suffered and the popUlation of the surrounding No explanation is made of the terrible country is consequently very sparse. At sufferings forced upon innocent women small expense the city of Busrah might and children. The Turks themselves are become a splendid port, and the port of responsible for the unfriendliness of the exit of all the trade of Mesopotamia and Armenians, very few of whom were in- Northern Persia," and goes on to obvolved in any hostile movement against serve: their rulers. "The British Government, once in pos- Latest News of the Armenians session of this territory, will deliver its popUlation from deceit and violence. T HE situation in Armenia is unparal- Tribal warfare will doubtless be a thing leled-surpassing even Belgium, Po- of the past, and, even as in India, a seland and Serbia. Hundreds of thousands cure government will yield abundant ophave perished; but multitudes remain portunity for economic development and and can be saved if help comes speedily. offer to missions an open door for social The American Board has sent three mis- uplift and spiritual emancipation." sionaries, Rev. W. F. Macallum, D.D., Floyd O. Smith, M.D., and Mr. George Succesaors of Nicodemus F. Gracey to serve on the relief committee at Tillis, Russia, just over the INa caravanserai in Samaria-where border from Turkey. They cable that there is one of the seven sacred 170,000 refugees are in the Caucasus Shiah shrines-a Bible Society colregion and that the need, especially for porteur offered books to four sheikhs. clothing and blankets, is urgent. A simi- He writes: "One asked me whether they lar massing of refugees' has been located were educational books, and another in the region of Aleppo, and Dr. Edwin answered for me, saying: 'He has St. John Ward is on his way there with spiritual books only'; then turning to Red Cross supplies. Letters convey little me: 'If you had other kinds you would information on account of the strict cen- sell more. Your books are for spirisorship, but missionaries and others ar- tual men, and most men are carnal.' riving in America reveal the terribleness Another added: 'We like your books, of the situation, and plead for more but we fear to show our desire to the money. The appeal to save the remnant people of this place, and we have to of the Armenian race should come be- obtain them secretly.' I opened St. fore every Protestant church in America. John 3, and invited them to read about They are being persecuted in part be- Nicodemus. After they had read, one cause of the faith. Gifts may be sent to said: 'Yes, we, like him, come at Frank H. Wiggin, Treasurer, 14 Beacon night for fear and shame; but the Street, Boson, Mass., designated, "For time is near when there will be neither Armenian Relief." fear nor shame, and the night will be as the day."-The Christian. The Future of Mesopotamia CHINA I N the British occupation of the Anglo- Egyptian Sudan and of the region A Missionary Veteran Honored around the Persian Gulf, Dr. Zwemer sees a new call to missionary statesman- T HE eightieth birthday of Dr. Hun- ship. He quotes Lord Hardinge, the ter Corbett, the Presbyterian Mis- Viceroy of India, as saying: sionary, of Chefu, was made the oc- casion of a great celebration by 350 of "The province of Busrah struck me his friends. By banner, scroll or spoken

address, complimentary reference was there were 30,010 people who attended made to the fifty-three years spent by the thirty-five lectures during the cam- the veteran in missionary labors III paign. China. China Inland Mission Notes Li Yu Ting, oldest living convert in Chefu, told of Dr. Corbett's habit of FORTY-EIGHT new workers entered putting evangelistic work first. Elder the mission work of the C. I. M. in Yu reviewed the minister's half century 1915, and ten were removed by death. of work in church and school; Pastor At the end of the year the total number Dung rea·d presbytery's greetings and of workers was 1,077 more than ever in Liu Shiu Deh, a prominent Y. M. C. A. the history of the Mission. man, told of the plans for the new Hunter Corbett academy. Since November 11, there have been 1,306 baptisms reported, bringing the Presbyterians Southern Baptists and total for last year up to 4,038, and other British workers, all gave congratulation, stations are still to be heard from. The together with a host of friends in revolt in Yunnan and the critical situa- America, who sent messages. The Brit- tion in the contiguous provinces of Kwei- ish missionaries of Chefn presented to chow and Szechuan causes some anxiety, the new academy a new organ, a mark but the Central Government has taken of honor to Dr. Corbett. prompt measures to suppress the rising. In North Shansi eight thousand dis- Public Health Campai6Ds iD ChiDa banded troops from Mongolia have made a raid on Saratsi and Kweihwating, and pUBLIC health campaigns have been considerable anxiety was felt for Swed- conducted during the last few months ish workers at these centers; but they are reported safe. The mob entered the by the Young Men's Christian Associa- chapel at Saratsi, breaking some glass tion in four cities of China, Shanghai, and damaging the platform and organ. Changsha, Siangtan and Nanking. Over There is still much disorder in the dis- 68,000 people visited the exhibit and at- trict.-l. Stark, Shanghai. tended the lectures. DR.Celluloid Dolls a8 Missionaries In Changsha, at the invitation of the SAMU~L CO.CHRAN, of Hwai officials, the exhibit was set up in the Yuen, Chma, wntes; Government Educational Hall. This "About two weeks ago I got in my building has a wide balcony on four sides mail a package of the cutest little celluand seats more people than any other loid dolls about two inches long-sent by place in the city. The campaign was a nurse at Presbyterian Hospital, New financed largely by the police department. York. I showed one of these dolls to a little boy in one of the wards-a cute Before the opening of the campaign little beggar, plump and pretty, but pale proper, two training conferences were as a sheet from hook worm. I told him ·held, and the demonstrated health lecture that he could have the doll when he could was given at a third meeting of seventy- repeat "Jesus loves me" in Chinese. He five officials, presided over by the Gov- earned his pay the next time I made my ernor's representative. On Women's rounds. Another nice little farmer lad, Day, 3,800 came. The high attendance who had cut off two fingers chopping hay mark for one day was seven meetings for donkeys and had been in hospital and 7,650 people, including lantern lec- for two weeks learned "Jesus loves me" ture meetings. There was no time to and earned a doll. He left the hospital keep a record of the numbers in the after bidding me a most courteous and stream which flowed into the Educational Hall between the regular lectures and got the benefit of the exhibit only. But

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grateful farewell, and took the doll, which Rev. H. J. Benham Brown, now workwill be the center of attraction in his village. He learned his verse from a ing in Peking, who was one of the little beggar boy who has been in the first two missionaries to open up perwards for two months with hip disease, manent work in Tai An, and in the a bright, intelligent little fellow, who re- Boxer year had to flee from the city ceives a picture card for every child to in peril of his life. The foreign offer- whom he teaches "Jesus loves me." ings were naturally for the church building fund, which still shows a de- Toys and cards may be sent by mail ficit, but those given by the Chinese to Dr. Samuel Cochran, Presbyterian were for the work of the new Chinese Mission Press, 18 Peking Road, Shang- Board of Missions. hai, China. The Opportunity in Chengtu The Lord's Day in China CHENGTU is the capital of China's FIFTEEN years' ago, Sunday was un- finest and richest province; one of known in China, except among the the most beautiful and prosperous cities in this country, and also a great student Christians. To-day, Sunday is univers- center. The work carried on there by ally recognized as the day of rest among Methodist missionaries has prospered, educational circles alJ over China. All and now Rev. James M. Yard writes: schools and colleges close their doors and their classes' on Sunday. This astonish- "The church built twenty years ago is ing innovation is probably due to the too small and shabby. Students from our influence of foreign teachers, Christian schools fill the main body of the church, and non-Christian, and to Chinese teach- the members are crowded to the rear, ers educated abroad. and there are few places left for new accessions. Listeners hang about the A New Cathedral in China doors-no seats.

THE dedication of the Church of St. "We have a Sunday-school of more Michael and All Angels in Tai An than 500, but no adequate provision for the scholars. Some of these classes Fu, as the cathedral church of the meet on the sidewalk. They overflow diocese of Shantung, marks the be- into all sorts' of likely and unlikely ginning of a new period in the history places. With a suitable building we of the mission. Now no one can look could have 1,000 pupils in a short time, down on the city from the sacred mountain of Tai, or approach it from "I am teaching the New Testament in the dusty plain, without being r",minded English to a class of eight men, sons of of the new force which is beginning the literati, who are paying me to do it, to change the face of China, for, tho and they are eager to study the entire its architecture is foreign in style, its New Testament before we get through! square, thick-set tower and solid stone walls proclaim the permanence of that "If the present unprecedented opporwhich it represents. The efficient and tunity is seized, Chengtu will go forwilling Chinese workmen who were ward to great victory for Christ." brought together for the construction of the building were given a fairly free JAPAN-CHOSEN hand, and the fittings and decorated details in iron and wood and stone Christian Business Men in Japan are chiefly their own work and in their own design. The sermon at the dedi- D R. DEARING'S Yearbook of "The cation service was preached by the Christian Movement in Japan" has a novel chapter entitled "Christianity in Industrial Enterprises in Japan." Mr. Homma, of Akiyoshi, has a marble

quarry which serves as a sort of re- serve on the directorates, and in all formatory for wild fellows. Mr. Hom- associations Japanese secretaries are in ma gives them work and is their pastor, control. Serving with them, however, father and friend. Christian hymns are is a foreign secretary, appointed by heard where obscene songs were ordi- the International Committee, to reprenarily sung. The business is prospering sent the interests of the Committee and and he ships marble abroad. He has also those of the donors whose generbought a Gospel ship to run along the osity has made the buildings possible. Yamaguchi coast. The foreigners act as advisers for the directorates and secretaries. Mr. Galen The Yamato Silk Store is also in Fisher has been General Secretary for Christian hands. Its proprietor, Mr. Oba, over eighteen years. was brought up in a Christian orphanage.-that of Mr. Ishii at Okayama,- Aggressive Work by Seoul Christians and in sixteen years has become a prosperous merch~nt. He is deacon of the GREAT religious interest was aroused Congregational church and trustee of the by the evangelistic tabernacle orphanage which sheltered him as a lad. erected in Seoul, Korea, during the gov- The firm employs 40 clerks. A prayer, ernment industrial exhibition there this song, and Scripture service is held in the fall. The exhibition was held for fifty store between 7 and 7.30 each morning. days, during which time over a million The founder of the Kobayashi Dentifrice people visited the displays. The Korean Company of Tokyo was of a family of and Japanese Christians in the city, Buddhist devotees and sake distillers but aided by subscriptions from the missionbecame a tireless Christian and temper- aries and friends in the United States, ance worker. The company continues in built a large tabernacle on the grounds, the spirit of its first leader. It provides where daily evangelistic meetings were night schools, dormitories, athletic fields, held. Moving pictures were shown twice lectures, savings accounts, assistance for a day in one of the tabernacle rooms, and sick, injured and new mothers. 53,000 people paid to see these pictures of Bible stories. Cards were given out Y. M. C. A. Making Headway to those who exprest a desire to know more of the Christian religion, and of T HE work of the Y. M. C. A. in these 11,310 were turned in by Koreans foreign countries is one of the most and 265 by Japanese-a total of 11,575. promising features of what might be The local church people followed up the called foreign mission work. In Japan, work by carefully visiting and interviewfor example, most conspicuous success ing all those who signed. It was estihas been attained. For three or four mated at the close of the exhibition that years prior to 1880 there had existed a over 100,000 people had attended the society called The Christian Associa- tabernacle meetings. tion, composed of II11SSlOnanes and those teachers in government employ The Episcopal Church of Japan who were foreigners. When the Y. M. C. A. began its work in 1880, this THE Nippon Sei Kokwai represents society dissolved and turned over its the Anglican Church in Japan library of several hundred volumes to The churches and missionary societies the newly started association. The of the United Kingdom, the United work at once took hold, and now 13 States, Canada, Australia, and New city associations and 18 student bodies Zealand are represented in it by men have an active membership of over 9,000. and women workers. One missionary's In all the larger cities only Japanese salary is provided by the Church in

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South Africa; another is supported by C. M. S. Losses Through the War T a body of missionaries in India; the HE war is making serious inroads in the ranks of the Church Mis- China Missions are represented by men and women loaned for the important sionary Society. Forty-two of the So- work among Chinese students in Tokyo. ciety's missionaries· are now engaged on When the first Synod of the Japanese war service-fourteen as chaplains, Church was held at Osaka on Feb- eighteen as doctors, four as nurses, one ruary 8, 1887; it had a membership of in the combatant ranks, and five in Red 1,300. The statistics of the Church for Cross work. In addition fourteen candi- the year 1914 just published show a dates for missionary work are serving total of 241 foreign missionaries, of either with the R.A.M.C. or as nurses.

whom seven are bishops and 65 priests. Thirty members of the staff at the The Japanese workers number 320, of Church Missionary House are serving whom 99 are priests. An attempt is in the Army-two as chaplains, two as being made to get at the actual num- doctors, and the remainder in the com- ber of the Christians now known to batant ranks.

the pastors and workers. Whereas Rev. J. R. Stewart, of Chengtu, a there are 23,484 names of members on promising young missionary of the West the church books, the actual number China Mission, while conducting a fu- of living members who attend church neral service at the Front, "somewhere and are known to the workers is only in France" was struck by a shell and 16,122. Of the latter 9,242 are com- killed instantly.

municants. There were 1,417 baptisms On board the P. & O. liner Persia, during the year. torpedoed by a submarine in the Medi- terranean on December 30, were two EUROPE CM.S. missionaries, Miss A. H. R. Bull, THE BRITISH ISLES of the mission among the Bhils in Rajputana, and Miss A. J. Lees, both on Revival of Sabbath.keeping their way to India. The latter was res- T HE English people are learning cued and landed at Alexandria, and has anew the value of the Sabbath as since proceeded to India, but no news a day of rest. A memorandum has has been received of Miss Bull, and no just been issued by the Ministry of hope of her having been rescued can be Munitions to the effect that intervals entertained. of rest are needed to overcome mental as well as physical fatigue. The work- There have also been wonderful de- liverances.

ers themselves·, through their committee, THE CONTINENT state that "there is a considerable feel- A ing that the seventh day, as a period English Churches in Germany T the end of July, 1914, there were of rest, is good for body and mind."

Altho in these times of stress every- twenty-two English clergymen dis- thing is being pushed to the limit, it tributed throughout the German Empire, is good to know that employers them- some of them with really beautiful selves are among the first to assert churches. Their influence was great, not the value and the neces·sity of the rest only among the British communities, but day. The British authorities have re- among Germans who knew England.

cently determined to observe Sunday Now, with the solitary exception of as a day of rest in Government con- Berlin, everyone ot the churches has trolled munitions plants and other fac- been closed and all the chaplains ~ent tories. home. It is believed that the Emperor

ordered that St. George's Church in Ber- spiritual jurisdiction the diocese of lin should not be closed-it was his North America, to which belong all the mother's church-nor its chaplain pre- Orthodox Russians scattered through- vented from carrying on all his ministra- out the United States. The white clergy tions as usual; but whether this is so numbers 3,043 archpriests, 47,403 priests, or not, the latter has been able to take 14,868 deacons and 45,556 ecclesiastical his three services every Sunday,. as wen singers. The monasteries reach the num- as to visit the two great camps at Ruhle- ber of 538, including seventy-one bishops' ben (civilian) and Doberitz (military) residences, 294 monasteries and hermit- for British prisoners. In addition to this ages subsidized by the state, and 193 mon- he has visited thirty-nine other camps, asteries living on their own resources. and in due time will, no doubt, visit all They are inhabited by 11,332 monks and of them-two hundred in number. 9,603 novices (poslusniki). The nunneries number 467, in which there are 16,285 The clergy, who were compelled to nuns and 54,903 novices. Thus the reg- leave their homes and all that they had, ular clergy of the Russian Church, both have nevertheless spoken most gratefully monks and nuns counts 1.005 monas- of the great kindness and courtesy teries and 92,123 members. There are shown to them by Germans of all classes. in Russia 53,902 churches, 23,204 chapels -Literary Digest. and prayer-houses, 31,947 libraries at- tached either to the bishops' residence An American Pastor in Italy or to the parishes', 57 societies of ecclesi- astical arch;:eology. The four ecclesiasti- "THINGS in Italy," writes Rev. cal academies of Petrograd, Moscow, Walter Lowrie, of Rome, Italy, Kieff and Kazan have 170 instructors and 964 students. The Report mentions "so far as I can see, are just about as also fifty-five churches officiated in by they were six months ago. The con- the Russian clergy in foreign countries. gregations in the American (Episcopal) church are exactly as they were last NORTH AMERICA winter. Winning Foreign Students "I have been asked by General Spin- gardi, lately Minister of War and now HE Committee on Friendly Relations in charge of the prisoners, to visit all T Among Foreign Students is the agency . the Austrian prisoners with a view to through which the Student Department suggesting what the Y. M. C. A. in of Y. M. C. A. is seeking to win foreign America might do by way of providing students for Christ, while they are in them with books, musical instruments, America. More than four' thousand such arid other devices for passing their time. students are scattered all over the United There are thirty thousand prisoners dis- States in educational institutions of persed in seventy-five camps, and to every kind. The committee, of which these will soon be added some ten thou- Mr. Charles D. Hurrey is the Secretary, sand taken by the Serbians." seeks to serve the strangers in many practical ways. Facts About the Russian Church Arrangements have been made to meet THE latest Report of the High Pro- foreign students at the pier; letters of curator of the Holy Synod gives the introduction have been written and prac- tical guidance given regarding college following data about the present stand- courses, and special effort is made to ing of the Russian Church. The Rus- secure their attendance at summer con- sian territory both in Europe and in Asia is divided into sixty-seven dioceses or eparchies. Outside of the Russian frontiers, the Russian Church has under its

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

ferences. The results of the commit- Immigrants …. ,………….. 474,006.80 tee's work are very encouraging; for ex- Mountaineers …………….. 317,335.54 ample, two Chinese students in the Uni- Negroes … , ………. , ……. 1,041,430.58 versity of Iowa and one in Lehigh Uni- Orientals in America ………. , 151,237.09 versity have recently become Christians, Other dependent peoples ……. 100,786.73 and three Japanese have been received Alaska.. … . … . … ……. …. 129,158.55 into the Church in one month in their Cuba ……………………. 151,549.85 respective communities. Hawaii …….. ,………….. 41,266.39 P'hilippines ….. ,………….. 64,102.42 At Harvard, eleven Japanese students Porto Rico ….. ,………….. 179,283.93 have been enrolled with ten Chinese, For Sunday-schools ……… , .. 224,337.96 three Hindus, two Assyrians and several Educational institutions …….. 792,912.12 Americans, in voluntary study of com- Publication and information…. 320,193.01 parative religion under the leadership of Administration ……………. 734,364.56 a vigorous Christian. Specials ………………. ,… 783,662.73 Miscellaneous .. ,………….. 172,971.83 Orientals in Christi,an Work No very satisfactory comparisons with previous years can be made covering the ORIENTAL Christians who are now entire home mission field because the in our midst are setting an example careful compilation of returns is a thing to American church members in the ex- of recent date. The following table of tent and earnestness of their missionary the Laymen's Missionary Movement activities. based on the same fourteen denomina- tions alluded to above is, however, indi- The Christian Chinese of San Fran- cative of the general movement. cisco are working on Gideon lines. They have supplied the Chinese hotels of the Total contributions through city with the Scriptures. A similar case is reported from Hankow, China, where the Church and all its orarrangements have been made with a hotel proprietor to place a New Testa- ganizations to missionary, ment in each of his bedrooms. educational, and benevolent The Japanese missionary society of the Pacific coast, the Dendo Dan, is to work in the United States take up mission work among the Hindus' of California. There are very many in 1904 ………………. $13,002,114,00 Sikhs working for Japanese employers on farms and elsewhere. Ditto, 1914 ….. , … ,……. 21,163,789.00 Home Mission Gifts Last Year Gain ………………….. 8,161,675.00 T HE sixty-two various American Per cent. of gain ………. 63 home mission organizations expended in territory outside the United States The figures reveal an amazing growth and Canada the sum of $594,260.80, and in the amount given for missionary in the country itself they spent last year work. It is an impressive witness to the $14,014,700.11. The missionaries fully present power of the Christ who bade supported number 3,372 and those partly His disciples go and make disciples of supported were 14,261, with 1,715 native all nations'. workers. Self-Denial During Paaaion Week The following were the expenditures by types of work: T HE Methodist Episcopal Church, through a special committee, has General evangelism …………$887,762.61 issued a "Call to Self-Denial during American Indian ………….. 352,852.52 Passion Week for Christ's Work Around the Vodd." Some of the new world conditions which make such a call nec- essary are des'cribed as follows: "The deplorable situation we confront in a world where horror follows horror,

and carnage and waste of human re- April 11th and August 23rd. One tent sources are so wide and so continuous was used by the Churchmen's Associathat we are in danger of losing all keen- tion on the ground of the Cathedral of ness of sensibility and moral recoil, and St. John the Divine. Special stereoptieven worse, of so blunting compassion con meetings without a tent, in an open that we fail to be moved to the utmost lot, were held for Hungarians on East endeavor to heal the hurt of a stricken 79th Street, and were very successful. world. Another series was conducted for negroes on the west side. "The serious crippling of all European missions which leaves it largely to Among the results reported from this America, with her unimpaired strength, work are (1) a gang of anarchists disresources and prosperity, to carryon banded; 32 additions to one church; the evangelization of the non-Christian gamblers, drunkards, thieves and others world. For the American Church at converted; 200 gospels distributed to such a time as this to fail her Lord is Chinese; a Russian student entering the unthinkable. We must with heroic self- Christian ministry; an Italian departdenial enter into fellowship with Christ ment organized in an English church. and our suffering brethren of Europe, and go to the relief of the depleted The meetings will be conducted again forces of our Lord in all the world." this summer.

Laymen's Movement Secretary A Aborigines in Canada REPORT issued by the Missionary FRED B. FISHER, the new Associate Society of the Canadian Church General Secretary of the Interde- states that there are 105,000 Indians and 4,000 Eskimos in Canada. The nominational Laymen's Missionary Christians number 80,000, and of the Movement, assumed his duties on Janu- remainder 10,000 are still pagan, while ary 1st. For the past three years Mr. 20,000 are unclassified and probably still Fisher has been the General Secretary pagan. of the Methodist Laymen's Missionary Movement, and it was his enthusiastic Of the Christians about 40,000 are leadership which brought to pass the na- Roman Catholics, 20,000 Anglicans, tional conventions of Methodist men in 13,000 Methodists, and the remainder Indianapolis, Boston and Columbus. A belong to other bodies. large number of smaller conventions and institutes have been organized and con- The Church Missionary Society of ducted by him. He has also had con- England has withdrawn its aid to siderable experience in city work in Bos- the work for these aborigines, and the ton, and as a missionary in India. Missionary Society of the Canadian Church is preparing to undertake re- In his new field Mr. Fisher will give sponsibility for their religious educaspecial attention to the conference and tion. convention phase of the work. Japanese in the United States New York Evangelism L ATEST figures of the Japanese in THE tent, shop and open air campaign America, compiled for the J apan- conducted last summer by the New ese-American Year-Book, report a total of 99,321, of whom 71 per cent. are York Evangelistic Committee produced men, about .15 per cent. women and encouraging results. The superintendent 14 per cent. children. Nearly all the Rev. Arthur J. Smith, reports that 2,477 children were born in America, and meetings were conducted in eight lan- are thus entitled to recognition as guages and in 118 centers. The aggre- American citizens. Of the 99,000 Japgate attendance was 516,012 between

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

anese in the United States, only 10,000 religion prominent among them, being are affiliated with Japanese Buddhist or- the one most followed in our country. ganizations. There are 24 Buddhist Anything said to the contrary is' not the temples and 25 priests in California, expression of the truth." Oregon, Washington, and Utah. Typhus in Mexico There are 61 Japanese Christian churches in the Pacific Coast states, most A FEW months ago the relief expediof them connected with the Methodist, tion of the American Red Cross in Congregational, and Presbyterian de- Mexico, which had been engaged in nominations. combating starvation and typhus fever there, was withdrawn because General Adding together the somewhat indefi- Carranza said that its services' were no nite total claimed as affiliated with Bud- longer needed. Now the Red Cross redhist organizations in America, and the ports that there are 30,000 cases of membership of the Japanese Christian typhus in Mexico City alone. General churches, we find remaining nearly 86,000 Carranza himself is reported as admit- Japanese in the United States without ting the presence of 19,000 cas'es. any provision for religious instruction and religious worship. Only 130 per Statistics of this sort mean more if cent. of the total Japanese popUlation one can think of the individuals conhave any connection with religious in- cerned, and the following report from stitutions, Buddhist or Christian. This the Presbyterian Church in Mexico City large body of aliens constitutes a mission- gives the personal touch: ary opportunity which American Christians should not be slow to recognize. "During the montl1. of November, Dr. Morales buried nine members of his LATIN AMERICA church-four from typhus. Five more are said to be down with the disease. Revolutionists and the Clergy in Mexico No one really knows the number of cases, but the plague is greater than for SO much has been said about the hos- many years. One of the teachers in the tility of the revolutionary party in city came down with typhus the day Mexico to the Roman Church that it is after presenting her final examinations, of especial interest to note that there and one of Dr. Morales' workers was in appeared in the Democrata of January his class preparing for a service on Fri- 4th, one of the leading journals pub- day, and the next day came down. In lished in Mexico City and known as a Dr. Morales' church the past year they semi-official organ of the present ad- have prayed to be kept through war and ministration, a significant editorial in famine, now they are praying to be dewhich it was s'et forth that the Revolu- livered from typhus.." tion does not harbor hatred or vengeance toward any religious body, much less the Divorce in South America Roman Catholic Church. THE Roman Catholic Church claims "The Revolution can not enter into any compromise with intriguing clergy that, because of Its influence, there or those of an openly reactionary spirit, is no divorce among the South and Cenwho proceed as declared enemies of con- tral Americans. The very pertinent, and stitutional principles and of national evo- no doubt accurate antidote to this statelution; but for these it has no syste- ment, is made by Bishop Kinsolving, who matic aggressiveness and will only treat has long resided in Brazil and is famiiiar them legally. As to religious beliefs, with the social and religious life of all the revolution, due to its liberal spirit, South America. He says: "It is true; profoundly respects them, the Catholic there is no divorce, for the simple reason

that there is no need for it; nothing in is still in the pioneering stage, the law or custom or social sentiment for- cheering news has been received that bids any husband from having just as King Lewanika's brother-in-law has many families as he pleases." The recently profest Christianity and given Bishop affirms that where a Protestant evidence of a changed heart, and s·even Church is started, improvement in social catechumens have been baptized at ideals soon becomes visible. Romanism Sesheke after due preparation.

itself begins quickly to take on a new Islam Active in Egypt complexion. "Wherever one of our churches is planted," says the Bishop, MR. GAIRDNER of Cairo reports "a new moral atmosphere prevails, and that in the first part of 1914 there the priest himself begins to live a purer was a systematic attempt on the part life." of the Mohammedan authorities to crush Christian missions in Egypt. "It AFRICA was the most threatening Moslem move- .Basutoland and Barotsiland ment we have ever seen. It was sup- IN October 1914, an appeal was made ported by the highest in the land and in Great Britain to contribute to an by the official power of El Azhar. It Emergency Fund to relieve the Paris was highly organized and stuck at Evangelical Missionary Society. It has nothing. One of its aims was to or- been said that: "The achievement of the ganize meetings all over Egypt against Paris Missionary Society in Basutoland Christian missions; another to spread is one of the finest in the history of anti-Christian and anti-missionary liter- missions, and has contributed largely ature broadcast; a third to seduce a1l to the solution of the native problem Moslem converts. The latter were ap- in South Africa." proached individually and worked upon By very drastic economies and in by every possible argument and induce- consequence of the reduction of the ment. Christian missions were attacked staff and workers by the call to mili- in the newspapers; boys who attended tary service, the sum of £5,000 which the Church Missionary Society school was raised for the Emergency Fund at Old Cairo were waylaid in the streets almost sufficed to meet the needs of by emissaries of El Azhar who filled these missions for the first year of the their minds with arguments against war, and by making the most severe Christianity and placed tracts in their retrenchments and cutting down their hands; and the homes of the pupils at budget by one-half, the Paris Mission- the girls' school at Cairo were visited ary Society was able, out of such funds so that their parents might be induced as were raised in France during the to withdraw them. The missionaries past year, to keep the work going in were boycotted; curses were written on the French Colonies. their doors and mud was thrown at There is much ground for encourage- them in the streets."

ment in Basutoland, the number of Dowieism in Zululand communicants· and people under Christian instruction having steadily increas- A STRANGE new sect, called the ed. The excellent harvest gives hope Nazarethites, has developed In that the native church will be entirely Zululand, under the leadership of one self-supporting, altho there has been Shembe, who began his career as a much anxiety during the past year in Dowieite in Johannesburg. He makes consequence of the drought and lack use of all the outward ceremonials, of work in the mines. such as public immersion, foot-wash- ing, etc. He and his followers have From Barotsiland, where the mission

16] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 31

adopted a distinctive dress, a white only five months old. This' is done, robe and turban. He is said to diag- they say, just to let out the evil spirits.

nose the sins of his people by feeling A Letter From Africa the pulse in their legs at his footwashings. After a recent "retreat" A BRITISH missionary in West Afamong the hills he is said to have rica writes as follows concerning the returned with a great sheet which situation as the war affects British and came down from heaven. This he German SUbjects: throws over a group of people, and when he prays for them their diseases "The most painful part of the war out vanish with the removal of the sheet. here, to me, is the danger of upsetting cooperation between ourselves and fel- A missionary who has visited the low German miss·ionaries. The Basel community writes as follows. "If native missionaries, mostly Germans, have been stories are to be believed, this prophet at work in parts of this Colony (Niis no longer permitted to touch his geria) since 1828, and have done work feet to the water in crossing a stream, which for results and thoroughness is and a heap of cushions is ready for beyond praise. It would compare well him whenever he would sit down. with mission work anyhere. With his paraphernalia and a judicious Among their men are a number whom liberality in church discipline, he leads I know and esteem well, and I have captive a goodly number of silly women often been entertained by them when in and of those who find an ardor for their districts, and they have stayed with baptism by immersion a pleasant sub- me on passing through mine. One of stitute for harsh doctrines of total ab- them, a German pastor, says he is greatly stinence and stern morality."-Woman's distrest at alI that has happened in the Missionary Record. war, but, save to myself, will not dis- cuss it, he says, with English people.

H Child-Sacrifice in Angola Some of the Swiss pastors are very pro- OW child life in Africa is sacri- German.

ficed because of the superstition New Cathedral in Uganda R and ignorance of the parents is pointed EPORTS from Uganda combine evi- dences of an established church life out by Mrs. Robert Shields, who writes from the Methodist mission in Angola: with pioneer work.

"Many a babe is killed by striking it The foundation stone of a new cathe- on the bridge of the nose, or drowned dral in the capital of Uganda was laid in a neighboring stream because the by King Daudi Chwa in November. The manner of its birth is declared ominous. Governor of Uganda, Sir F. Jackson, Twins are seldom allowed to live. By took part unofficially, and there was a slow starvation one at least is left to large gathering of people. This cathe- die. dral will be the fifth which the Baganda Let a child cut its upper teeth first Christians have built on Namirembe and it is doomed, for, they say, if per- ("the hill 0 f peace"). The first was mitted to live, it will bring ruin and erected in 1890; the second, a great death to the other members of the building of forest poles to accommodate family. Often a sick child is subjected 5,000 people, built in 1892, was blown to the most brutal forms of torture. down by a great gale of wind in 1894; The parents usually call in a witch- the third was at once commenced, and doctor who cuts the little one on the was finished the following year-an arms, hands, face, legs and feet. We enormous structure with walls of reed.

recently counted fifty cuts on a babe In 1901 that showed signs of decay and

was pulled down; and the fourth, a sub- THE ISLAND WORLD stantial building of brick, was com- menced in 1902 and consecrated in 1904. Union Work in the Philippines Unfortunately this was struck by lightning in 1910 and burned to the ground. .. WE are graduating 12 theological Hence the necessity for this new build- students in the Union Bible ing, which it is estimated will cost $150,000. Seminary this year," writes President Harry Farmer, from Manila, Philippine The Bishop of Uganda has been visit- Islands. "This is as large a class as ing the frontier posts in his diocese bor- we have ever turned out. From north dering on German East Africa. and south they come to us and they will go out to preach the Gospel in seven The services conducted were on a dialects. Some of them speak more large scale, and were attended by natives than one native language, and all of from all parts of the Protectorate. Many course know English. One young man are now learning to read the Gospel for can preach in three native dialects bethemselves. "There is a great work go- sides Spanish and English. Presbyteriing on at the Front among these raw ans, United Brethren, Baptists, and heathen." Disciples of Christ have joined with the Methodists in this Union Theological N Recent West African News School. Through our Evangelical EWSPAPER reports from London Union, made up of all m1sslOns; (February 17th, 1916) tell of the through our Philippine Islands Sundayoccupation of German Kamerun by the school Union, comprising the Sunday- AlIied forces. Letters written to the schools of all denominations; through Preshyterian Board from several of the our Union Theological Seminary, union Kamerun stations in November give the dormitories for students, union hospital, following interesting news: and the like. we are striking a high Christian note and forcibly putting the Lolodorf, November 11, 1915.-At the cxample of Christ before the Filipino opening of the Girls' School Miss people." Gocker, Principal, writes: . 54 scholars attend the school, 12 of whom are board- Brave Samoan Women ing pupils. N EV Guinea is not in all respects a From Kamerun, November 15.-vVork paradise, tho it may prove the goes on, but somewhat restricted. In 14 doorway to Paradise, as the veteran, places Mr. Dager has administered C0111- James Chalmers, and his colleague, the munion during the last year, in many youthful Oliver Tompkins, found whcn even twice. Over 100 evangelists are they were slain and eaten by cannibalmost of the time in many villages within istic natives 14 years ago. The verdict an area of 70 miles. In the school work of the savages who the night before there is a shortage of writing books the murder said: "To-morrow, when the and material and also of the various big star shall have climbed into the school books, particularly in the village heavens the white man and his friends schools. vVe have now 21 permanent shall die," included the faithful Nagari village schools with an attendance of and fearless mission boys in its foreabout 1,500 scholars. In the last vaca- doom. A few weeks later an old tion there were 15 vacation schools in Raratongan, with tears streaming down operation with about 700 scholars. . . . his cheeks while he wrote, thus plead- Ve know that the prayers for us in the ed: "Hear my wish. It is a great homeland are heard of God, for He has wish. The remainder of my strength I most wonderfully kept and led uS' during would spend in the place where Tamate these past months of the war. (Chalmers) and Mr. Tompkins were beautiful Chinese scroll, and other tokens killed. In that village I would live. In of love, including a small gold medal. that place where they killed them, Jesus Dr. Maxwell's younger son is in charge Christ's name and his work I would of the hospital at Tainau, Formosa. teach to the people, that they may become Jesus' children. My wish is just MISCELLANEOUS this. You know it. I have spoken." Scriptures Lost at Sea The Chronicle of the London Mission- THE cargo of the Japanese liner, ary Society states that to-day the young women of Samoa consider that they YsakaMaru, which was torpedoed and are fulfilling a high calling in going sunk in the Mediterranean, included 21,- to New Guinea as the wives of Samoan 000 volumes belonging to the British and pastors sent thither. The enthusiasm Foreign Bible Society. These books with which they approach their labors were being sent from London-some to among the wild Papuans may be judged Shanghai, for China; some to Port Said, from the fact that many of them who for Egypt and Abyssinia; while 170 have been left widows prefer to remain reams of printing paper were consigned alone at their work in New Guinea to the Society's agency at Colombo for rather than to go home. When these the purpose of printing Gospels in Singyoung women arrive in their field, they halese. The editions of the Scriptures tackle the language energetically, and included the following languages: Engmany become better linguists than their lish, French, German, Hebrew, Greek, husbands. They take an equal share Hindi, Urdu, Tamil, and Tigre. The in the work of the mission; they teach cases also contained sets of maps spein schools; they preach as eloquently cially printed to accompany the Old Tesas their husbands, when they are un- tament in Tagalog (Philippine Islands) avoidably absent on Sundays; in visit- and 3,000 English Testaments, on India ing the sick at out-stations, giving paper, sent as a gift from the Society's them help, or comforting the dying, Auxiliary at Sydney to soldiers of the they are most successful in leading New South Wales contingents in Egypt. their thoughts to the Savior. The blood The total cost of these Gonsignments was of martyrs is thus the inspiration of about £470. Samoan Christian womanhood.-S. S. Times. Mr. Eddy's Adventures THE experience of many missionaries Jubilee in Formosa HE Park Road Baptist Church at in these times of danger on land and T Bromley, Kent, has among its wor- sea are indicated in the adventurous shipers Dr. Maxwell who was privi- homeward voyage of Mr. Sherwood leged to be the pioneer of missions in Eddy, who has recently returned to Formosa in 1865. Thirty years ago Dr. America after his very successful conand Mrs. Maxwell left the island for ferences and evangelistic meetings. In reasons of health, but the seed they had five Y. M. C. A. conventions they had planted has become a great tree, and an average attendance of 8,000 in each, there are 4,000 adult members in the or a total of over 40,000. At one place, Formosan Church. Most of these 4,000 miles from a railway, the audience rose have never seen the face of their first to over. 17,000. missionaries, but at their Jubilee celebration in November last they held them 'in Of the adventurous voyage home, he grateful remembrance. Six thousand writes: "At Aden we found a battIe members and adherents sent them a in progress outside the city. As we came through the Suez Canal it was lined with British troops, where they are concen- trating nearly half a million men to meet the proposed attack from the German Japan, who have died within the last few and Turkish forces. At Port Said we months, Rev_ David Thompson, D_D., took on a big gun for defense, astern. and Rev. Theodore MacNair. The The gunner was one of forty-three sur- former was the first ordained missionary vivors from the torpedoed Hauk. The to be sent by the Board to Japan, and man opposite me at the table had, dur- his fifty-two years of service covered the ing the year, been in two ships that whole history of modern Japan. were torpedoed and in one wreck. As the submarines had just sunk our sister His modesty and simplicity, his love ship, the Persia, in seven minutes with- of the people, his pure devotion, his out warning, by the captain's order we patient enduringness, his prayerfulness, had to have life preservers ready night his integrity, all the fine qualities of his and day.· We left the usual course, elevated Christian character, made him skirting the coast of Africa and zig- a man trusted and beloved. zagged every day to escape the submarines. By night we steamed full Perhaps the greatest service which speed ahead in the absolute darkness Mr. McNair rendered to the Church in with no light showing, running the risk Japan was in connection with its hymnof collision, in order to escape the sub- ology. Chiefly through his activity and marines…. ability and patience, almost all the churches in Japan are united in the use "I sailed from England on the Phila- of an admirable hymnal. delphia, as a neutral American vessel, in order to save my family from anxiety. R. P. Gorbold of J.apan The first night we ran into a sailing vessel and sank her, losing half our REV. R. P. GORBOLD, who died reboats: our mast and one propeller. cently in Japan, had the true mis- Strangely enough this collision occurred sionary spirit. Refused appointment by at the point where I was shipwrecked at the Presbyterian Board for health rea- Holyhead twenty years ago when the sons, he went out to Japan as a teacker Cunard Cephalonia went down. We in the government schools, and so comthen put back to Liverpool and I started mended himself to the missionaries on again on the White Star Adriatic, skirt- the field that in spite of his heart weaking the coast of Ireland. We had a ness, he was appointed a missionary by convoy, but received a wireless com- the Board and returned to Japan in munication that a submarine was in our 1905. His fellow workers feel that in neighborhood. The surface of the water the ten years of his missionary work he was covered with oil which they had had rendered a full life-time service. He thrown out to dim the periscope of the was a light that burned and shone. With submarine. Next morning we learned courage and faith that wer:e absolutely that they had caught the submarine in- dauntless; with unresting energy and stead of her catching us. After ten days enterprise; with a notable faculty of comof storm and head winds, we finally municating to others his own zeal and landed safe and well in New York." enthusiasm; with deep love of the J apa- nese people and confidence and trust in OBITUARY the Japanese ministers and evangelists, who worked with him, Mr. Gorbold Dr_ Thompson and Mr. MacNair of Japan planned and single-handed was carrying out in the city of Kyoto, a most com- STRONG recruits will be needed to ·plete and courageous scheme of city fiJI the places of two of the mis- evangelization. sionaries of the Presbyterian Board in

/fT1 ffl BOOKS ON

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MISSION LANDS .~..

Mary Bird in Persia. By Clara C. Rice. ences, narrow escapes, adventurous Illustrated, Bvo. 200 pp. 35. 6d. Church journeys, hard work and inspiring har- Mi3sionary Society, London, 1916. vests. A fellow missionary has here drawn Dr. Campbell speaks highly of the an inspiring picture of Miss Mary Bird, Japanese as colonizers, and their ada pioneer missionary, physician and ministration of Formosa. The progress teacher to the Moslems of Persia (1891 in the last fifteen years has been very to 1914). The story includes not only marked and it is expected that before an account of the life of a noble, self- long Formosa will be as modern as sacrificing and efficient missionary, but Japan. gives, briefly, much helpful information concerning ancient and modern Persia The Mikado-Institution and Person. and Persian customs, and a final chapter By Wm. Elliot Griffis, D.D. 8vo, 346 pp. on the present opportunity. $1.50 net. Princeton University Press, 1915. Miss Bird's experiences were varied, Dr. Griffis, one of the foremost some amusing, others pathetic. She visited the princess in her garden and the authorities on things Japanese, has writpoor woman in her hovel. On her ten with the enthusiasm of a lover of visiting list were Turkish, Jewish, Arab, Japan. His life in Japan made him and Bahai ladies. Even the men treated familiar with the feudal customs and her with respect and children were with modern achievements and he reco~­ greatly drawn to "Khanum Maryam" nizes both the glories and the defects of the friend of Persia. the civilization and institutions of the Mikado's empire. The secret of Japan's Mrs. Rice sees in the present oppor- power he believes to be Mikadoism or the tunity ground for hope in the open- loyalty of the people to their ideal of the mindedness of the Persians. They de- incarnation of Japanese history, religion sire modern education, womanhood is and power. With the Mikado as a text, coming toward emancipation, there is a Dr. Griffis has given us an exceedingly more receptive attitude toward Chris- illuminating account of the history, custianity and in spite of the recent perse- toms, convictions and progress of Japan. cutions the native church is growing The glimpses of the life and character stronger. of Mutsuhito, the late Emperor, show him to have been a man of strength, Sketches From Formosa. By Wm. Camp- energy, and versatility. The Mikado b6se.ll~etF..R.MGa.Srs. haIlllluBsrtorathteedrs, , Bvo. 394 pp. furnishes a key to many of the mysteries London, 1915. of Japanese characteristics.

Dr. Campbell, a missionary of the The Sunday-school Teacher and the Program of Jesus. By Geo. H. Trull Presbyterian Church of England for and Jay S. Stowell. 12mo. 160 pp. 50 cents, net. The Westminster Press, Philaforty-four years and the author of delphia, 1915. The Sunday-school that omits missions Missionary Success. in Formosa, writes from its program neglects the foremost delightful sketches of life in an un- familiar spot. His narrative is by far the best recent missionary book on For- mosa and includes humorous experi-

teaching of the Bible and misses the in- The War J oumal of a Missionary in spiration of Christian progress. The Sunday-school teachers should be trained Persia is a thrilling -account of the terto understand the Christian mis'sionary program a'nd to take a vital interest in rible scenes and experiences last year it. This little volume furnishes an excellent text-book and should be included around Urnmia. Tbis journal shows SUffering, but it also reveals heroism' it describes fiendish brutality, but also t~lls of Christlike sacrifice. The reading of this narrative leads us to weep for the Sy- rians, to despise, pity, and pray for Turks in every training course. The biblio- and Kurds, and to admire and honor the graph is valuable as are the questions heroic missionaries of Christ. 5 cents. for dis'cussion. Presbyterian Foreign Massion Board 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, 1915. '

A Round Dozen. By Catherine I. David- The Septuagenary of the Presbyterian son. Illustrated, 12mo. 158 pp. Is. 6d. Mission Press, Shanghai, tells the Marshall Brothers, London, 1915. story of a most useful branch of mission- ary work in China. The Press employs These are stories of children in India 216 Chinese and has issued thousands of Bibles, tracts, books and papers. from one to twelve years old—each The Second Missionary Venture. is an chapter devoted to a child of given age. ad~ress, delivered at Oberlin College, in WhICh Rev. Warren H, Wilson describes They are captivating stories for children and well fitted to awaken and foster bow he became interested in missions sympathy of children in white for their and was led into religious social service brothers and sisters in brown. at home. "The Second Venture" em- phasizes the less stern and more pleasant duties.

PAMPHLETS NEW BOOKS The Foreign Missions Handbook of the A Hero of the Afghan Frontier. The United Presbyterian Church of North America is remarkable for its 28 pages of MSp.lpe.ndiRdetLoildfe Story of T. L. Pennell, illuminating pict res and charts. The for Boys and Girls. By text is likewise good reading-not a dry report-and tells of great facts and events Ahce M. Pennell. Illustrated, 12mo. 209 in Egypt, the Sudan, and India. The inci- pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1915.

Missionary Crusaders. Stories of the dents and other data offer excellent ma- Dauntless Courage and Remarkable Ad- terial for missionary addresses. ventures Which Missionaries Have Had The Perpetual Prayer Calendar published Whilst _Carrying Out Their Duties in by Oliphants (Edinburgh and London). Many Parts of the World. By Claud has a message from Scripture or from Field, M.A. Illustrated. 12mo. 221 pp. some noted Christian teacher and definite Fleming H. Revell Co., New York 1915. topics for prayer for every day in the year. It is adapted to all Christians and Campaigning For Christ in Japait. By Rev. S. H. Wainright, M.D., D.D. 12mo. to any year. 170 pp. 75 cents. Publishing House M. "But Now Saith the Lord" is a mISSIOn- E. Church, South, Nashville, Tenn., 1915.

ary anthem by T. Tertius NOQle, organ- A Short History of Japan. By Ernest ist of St. Thomas' Church, New York Wilson Clement. Illustrated, 12mo. 190 City, brought out by the Educational De- pp. $1.00, net. University of Chicago partment of the Board of Missions of the Press, Chicago, 1915. Protestant Episcopal Church. It is a splendid piece of work, and appropriate Modern Movements Among Moslems. for any season, but conspicuously for By Samuel Graham Wilson, D.D. 305 pp. 12mo. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., Epiphany and Lent. The prices are ten New York, 1915.

cents a copy; eight cents in quantities of Fifty Years of Association Work Among twelve or more. Young Women, 1866-1916. A History Almanac of Missions, 1916. 48 pp. Issued of Young Women's Christian Associa- by the American Board of Commission- ers for Foreign Missions. tions in the United States of America. By Elizab~th Wilson. 8vo. 402 pp. $1.35, Israel, Past, Present and Future. 93 pp. net. NatIOnal Board Y. W. C. A., New Chicago Hebrew Mission, Chicago, 1915. York, 19~5.

Israel: Past, Present and Future is a re- . The Union of Christian Forces in Amer- port of the valuable addresses delivered ica. By Robert A. AshAwmoerrtihc.an12mSuo~d2a6y6 at the conference on behalf of Israel in pp. 75 cents, net. Chicago last November under the auspices School Union, Philadelphia, 1915.

of the Chicago Hebrew Mission. They Confucianism And Its Rivals. By Herare worthy of study and throw much bert A. Giles. $2.25, net. Charles Scrib- light on the Bible and on history. ner's Sons, New York, 1915.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1914

to the

JANUARY, I9I4 SOME QUESTIO~S ANSWERED I0J THIS NUMBER PREP"RED BY ;'viRS. F. :-'1. GILBERT 1. Vhy did the natives of Nigeria have in their houses pieces of wood bored with seven holes?

2. vVhat is the latest kind of guide for tourists? 3. Why is astronomy taught in a theological seminary in China? 4. What definition of Christ is found in a Chinese dictionary over 200 years old? 5. How was a map made so interesting that some small boys did not want to leave it? 6. To what famous Oriental has the King of England presented the Encyclopedia Britannica? 7. Vhat kind of missionaries did Count Okuma say are needed in Japan? 8. In what non-Christian land have more than two million Bibles been sold during the past year? 9. vVhat benefit has resulted from the attempted assassination of India's Viceroy? 10. Where and in what sense are missions "experiencing the penalty of success"? 11. Which of the Balkan nations is most friendly to missions? 12. Why did revivals in Fidelia Fisk's school in Persia occur so often in January? 13. Where was a sheep house fitted up as a mission chapel at the cost of $4.36? 14. Vhy were Moslem boys warned by their parents not to touch the Bibles in the mission schools? 15. In what language does the same syllable mean horse, help, mad dog and coming? I6. vVhat church gives twice as much for missions as for current expenses? 17. Vhat is a "pig collection" and where is it taken up? 18. Vhere are idol-makers appealing for government support? 19. vVho wore to church three suits, one on top of the other? 20. Vhat book was the educated Japanese reading on the railway train?

WIllIAM BUTLER-MOTHER OF TWO

o Mother, on thy mighty prayers Whole nations were upborne to God each day. VVho now of thy survivo rs dares To step beneath that load immense, and stay Its fall to death, In lack of intercessory faith? VVe mn st not fail, VVe must prevail; In heaven's own day Cease not to pray!

Till cease the prayers of our High Priest, Say not, thy prayers for tiS have ceased.

VILLI AM F. VVARREN, President of Boston Universi ty.

Missionary

~ of the World ~ Vol. XXXVII, Ko. 1 JANUARY, 1914 Vol. XXVII, No. Old Serres New Series Signs of the Times "TSIGNIFICANT EVENTS OF 1913 Important Worlc:l Conferences HE Kingdom of God cometh not The Continuation Committee Conferences with observation" is. without in Asia. doubt true to-day in the deepest spiri- World Student Christian Federatioll COll- tual sense, even as it was true in the ference at Lake Mohonk. days of Christ on earth. The deepest World's Sunday-school Association Con- 'and most lasting movements are those vention, Zurich. that are under the surface and whose Pan-Presbyterian Union, Aberdeen, Scot- effects are not clearly evident until land. long after they have originated. The .planting of a seed, or the laying of North America a submerged foundation-stone,may at- United Home and Foreign Missionary tract no attention, but if the life be in Campaign. the seed, or if the workmen continue Comity Plans Inaugurated for Home to build, the results will sometime be Missions. manifest above the surface. In the Denominational Laymen's Missionary missionary work of the Church, the Conferences. scattering of the seed by printed and Latin America Missionary Conference. by spoken word and by Christ-like VVorld Christian Citizenship Congress, deeds, the education of children and Portland. the quiet influence of medical mission- Four Million Fund raised for New York aries is gradually undermining prej u- Christian Associations. dice, trans forming ideals and build- Cooperative work planned for Orientals. ing up faith in God and Christ-like Volunteer Movement for Home Missions character. Organized.

The greatest results of the work of Latin America God in missions at home and abroad The Revolutions in Mexico. are not published by the press, but it Religious Liberty law passed for Peru. is encouraging to note a few of the Student Christian Conferences in Argensigns of awakened interest, of Christ- tina and Brazil. ward movements and of general missionary progress reported during the Europe past year. First Laymen's Missionary Conference in England. Increase of Religious Toleration in Spain. Abolition of Slavery in Russian Empire. Acquital of Beilis, the Jew, in Kiev. Modernist Movement in Italy.

Moslem Lanc:ls The Conclusion of Peace in the Balkan States. Independence won for Albania. Christward movement among Pomaks of Bulgaria. Dr. Zwemer's work for Moslems 111 Egypt. Anti-Moslem movements in North Af- rica. Bible shop opened at Jiddah, Arabia.

The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages &£ this.

REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

India and Burma ~chool party to discuss sueh subjects United Missionary Cuuferences and 1'ru- as "The Necessity, Methods and Re- gram adopted. sults of Religious Education." Christward Caste-movements in Gujerat, etc. One result of this visit was the First National Student Christian Confer- hearty invitation to the World's Sun- ence. day-school Association to meet for their next convention in Tokyo, in China and Tibet I916. The invitation was backed by Day of Prayer for China set by Chinese a cable despatch to Zurich, signed by Government. Count Okuma, former Premier, First Congress and the First President, Baron Shibusawa, chairman. of the Yuan Shih-Kai. Japanese Commercial Commission to Attempts to make Confucianism the State America, and by Baron Sakatani, Religion. Mayor of Tokyo. Upon the return Mott and Eddy meetings for students. of Dr. Kozaki and Dr. Ibuka, from A Union Church formed in Peking. Zurich, a notable reception was held Advance of the Y.M.CA. in China. at the home of Count Okuma, in Revivals in Kansu Province and else- Tokyo, and plans were laid to pro- where. mote the convention by the raising of an adequate fund. At 'this reception Japan and Korea Japanese pastors were urged t~ build Federated Missions Conference. up Christianity in Japan, and espe- Continuation Conferences and Program. cially to promote the growth of Sun- Acquital of 99 Christian Koreans accused day-schools. Senator Ebara of the of conspiracy. House of Peers deplored the fact that First Korean Christian missionary to in many places public school t~achers China. and Buddhist priests openly opposed Official invitation to the World's Sunday- and sought to break up the Sunday- school Convention. schools. Immediately some of the eminent men present promised that The Island World and Arctic Land. this matter would be taken up with Discovery of the Blond Eskimos reported the Cabinet ana that these restrictions by Stefansson. would be removed so that the Sun- Union Church Movement Conference in day-school might be given a fair the Philippines. chance in Japan.

Africa and Madagascar Another interesting result of the Completion of Kongo Reform Move- Sunday-school tour in Japan is the ment. increased interest in Bible study. At Prohibition of sale of intoxicants to Kon- Imabara, in the Island of Shikoku, go natives. the Mayor was so profoundly moved New Clerical Law in Madagascar. that he himself bought Bibles, and with the 19 officials of the city, AN AWAKENING IN JAPAN formed a class for Bible study. In the conservative city of Kagoshima, T HE visit to the Far East last year in the Island of Kyushu, a city from of Mr. H. J. Heinz and the party which Admiral Togo and other J ap- of Sunday-school business men en route to the World's Sunday-school Convention at Zurich, revealed to Japan the deep interest of American business and professional leaders in religious education. In the series of meetings at over thirty strategic cen- ters, Japanese officials and educators were stirred to inquire into the Sun- day-school as a solvent for problems touching the moral foundation of youth. Non-Christian education in Japan has failed to produce the high- est elements of character, so that Jap- anese educators asked the Sunday-

OF THE TIMES

anese leaders have come, a Bible ioealism left. This extraordinary class was formed for clerks. They achievement took place in New York were so appreciative of the benefits City early in November. The Y. W. received that they a'sked for a simi- C. A. is organized in one metropolilar class for their wives. A Chris- tan organization, with ten branches, tian Japanese physician is teaching a vhich meet the needs of the students class of nurses and in one of the in Barnard and Teachers' Colleges; public schools the principal has ar- of art and music students in the soranged with the missionary so that called Studio Club; of trained nurses; 30 selected students have been formed of immigrant girls in the Internainto a class to study the Life of tional Institute; of colored and French Christ after school hours. The Gov- young women, as well as of those ernor of that Ken was so deeply in- groups which form the membership terested in the message of the Sun- of the usual city association. To proday-school party that he asked that vide for this growing work, at least Sunday-schools be developed more five large new buildings are needed adequately in the city. Since then the without delay, and three of the four Governor's wife and son have made million dollars are to be used by the confession of their faith in Christ. women. The Y. M. C. A., already better equipped in the city, contents In the city of Saga some 2,000 itself with $r ,000,000 fol' five students in the higher schools came branches. together and as a result of the message of Miss Kinnear, a college girl The campaign was a magnificent of Pittsburgh, to the girls in the piece of organization in ten groups of Government Normal School, 30 of 100 workers each. Considerable space the girls came to the church on the was given to it by the newspapers, ilfollowing Sunday. luminated clocks in various parts of the city recorded the progress made; Christianity in Japan is being tested 400 met for luncheon every day at and weighed and watched by a large noon to hear reports, and in many number who are dissatisfied with the other ways the attention of New old religions and are feeling the need Yorkers was challenged. Some very for a spiritual tonic to the nation. If large gifts were reported, Mr. Cleve- Christianity can "deliver the goods," land Dodge and Miss Grace Dodge build character, promote loyalty, in- together giving $625,000, but the terest itself in social service, and number of small contributors evi- "atisfy spiritual longings, it will be denced the interest of N ew York in sure to grow to a foremost place in the welfare of· its young men and Japan.-FRANK L. BROWN. women. The campaign appropriately came to an end on Thanksgiving ~ve. INEW YORK'S GREAT ACHIEVEMENT T is the fashion to decry the ma- SOUTH AMERICAN STUDENTS terialism of present-day American STRIKE FOR LIBERTY life, but a city which in three weeks will give over $4,000,000 for such LAST June the students in Santiwork as that carried on by the Young ago and Valparaiso, Chile's fore- Men's and Young Women's Chris- most cities, went on strike as a protian Associations has a good deal of test against the Papal Nuncio. For

a large part of a week they refused do an effective work among the to attend classes or university lec- young men of the Latin-American hues, in the hope that their action nations is 'the YDung Men's Chris- would induce the government to send tian Association."

the Pope's representative out of the A missionary from Chile also country. writes: A vast crowd of citizens, estimated "The students are in revolt again at 50,000, met in the capital and peti- and they are having nightly celebra- tioned the President of Chile for the tions and meetings of protest against nuncio's expulsion. Parades of pro- the government, which has bowed test were seen in the principal streets submissively to Rome and exculpated nearly every afternoon or evening. the inter-nuncio.

This is typical of the situation which "This time their slogan is 'La se- exists to-day in all South America. paracion de la iglesia del estado,' a .The educated classes, as a rule, are long step taken forward in that direc- indifferent to religion, and a con- tion as a result of their agitation and siderable proportion of them are even canvassing of public men.

ready to make a vigorous assault "The young men and young women upon the Church whenever, as an of to-morrow have begun a crusade in organization, it seems to interfere favor of liberty."

with the affairs of the State. REUGIOUS LIBERTY FOR PERU. A real religious refo~m is greatly AT last the Peru Congress has, by needed, and one source from which the needed inspiration will come may the overwhelming majority of 66 prove to be the influence of vital votes to four, voted in favor of an Christianity upon the i,5°O or more amendment of Article IV of the South American students now in the Constitution, which has so long colleges and professional schools of barred the door against the Gospel, the United States. The majority of and which reads: these students are nominal Catholics. "The nation professes the Apostolic Some are openly hostile or anti- Roman Catholic Religion; the State religious, but those who call them- protects it and does not permit the selves so are rather anti-Catholic or public exercise of any other."

anti-clerical, and consequently mani- This last clause has often been used fest little interest in religious ques- by the enemies of the Gospel as a tions or sympathy for the religious weapon against those who have life. Indifference or religious apathy sought to preach Christ in Peru. The is a phenomenon common to all Latin best of the Peruvian nation has felt youth. this to be a disgrace to their standing Professor Jose M. Rua, of the as a civilized people, and at last, National University of Buenos Aires, under the government of President who made an extensive tour among Billinghurst, it has been erased from the North American institutions the Statute Book.

where these men are studying, says: It is true that this amendment must "I do not hesitate to affirm that the receive the approbation of two suc- one Christian organization that can cessive Congresses ere it becomes a

fully established law. But it would demands of the situation, stand by at have to be a very drastic reaction the birth of a nation worthy of a indeed that would reverse such an permanent place in the family of expression of the will of the nation Christian nations."

as that to which they have given ut- terance. We have no reason to be- EVANGELICAL PROGRESS IN lieve that there will be any such re- FRANCE action. AN evangelistic conference recent- PLANS FOR THE PHILIPPINES ly held in Paris reminds those who are especially interested in evan- A NON – SECTARIAN organiza- gelistic work in France of a similar tion, which bears the somewhat conference held under the auspices of formidable name of the National the MeAI1 Mission twenty-six years Committee for Upbuilding the Wards ago, and emphasizes the advance that of the Nation, has been formed, has been made since that time. Then under the auspices of the Harmony preaching was unlawful in any other Club of America, to assist Bishop place than one of the established Brent in his work in the Philippines. churches; now state interference has The Bishop's plans take in the so- come to 'an end. I t has been possi- cial, industrial, educational and evan- ble to introduce more modern meth- gelical work among the million or ods of evangelistic work, such as the more pagan and Mora inhabitants. use of tents, chapel boats, etc. On He hopes to cure them of their the other hand, it is certain that dur- chronic ills, such as malaria, hook- ing these twenty-five years there has worm, black fever, and the like, and been a marked increase of infidelity teach them how to live so as to avoid among the people, the principal rea- the tropical diseases-most of which son being that the new generation are due not to climate but to unhy- has received secular education but gienic habits. has had very little moral training.

He plans to help them to found 01arles Grauss, the general secre- real homes and maintain civilized tary of the French Student Chris- communities until their savagery is tian Movement, exprest the opin- fully outgrown. ion at the Lake Mohonk conference The industrial work planned by that the rational evangelization of Bishop Brent is one of the chief fea- France can only he accomplished tures. He will work to the end of through the universities. He went making the Moros self-supporting and on to say, "It is now possible to masters of several trades and occu- make our ideal'S known to the French pations. students of our twenty university – What the Bishop's ideals are for centers; and thereby, little by little, the race may be gathered from his ad- we may win the popular crowds dress at the Lake Mohonk Indian which always follow the movement Conference: of the elite. Thus we may sow at "America has a great opportunity the heart of French influence a germ in the Philippines. She can, if she of Otristianity which will spread far pursues a course consonant with the into the world." .

NEW INTEREST IN PORTUGAL are being read by seekers who no longer fear the priest in their hearts. MISSIONARIES report that there is now manifest an unusual wil- VICTORY IN A MOSLEM TRIAL lingne'ss to hear the Gospel on the part THE progress of civilization is of the people in Portugal. In many sure to break down Moslem towns of the provinces of Minho, Trasos-Montes, and Beira Alta, evan- superstition and prejudice even if it gelistic meetings have been recently does not insure acceptance of Christ. held in local theaters. The audien~es were large and attentive. Remuner- Friends of missions to Moslems ation for the use of the theaters was will be interested in the result of the refused by several managers. At the trial of Sheikh Abdullah Abd al dose of the meetings Bibles and New Faadi for alleged defamation of Mo- Testaments were eagerly bought and hammed and his book. This recent religious tracts w.ere gratefully re- convert from Islam to Christianity ceived. was charged with using the ob- jectionable language one night last BIBLES BURNED IN SYRIA August, when some discussion arose between him and a crowd that had WHEREVER the Gospel of Christ gathered about him while he was is winning converts, there we sitting in a cafe in Cairo. Much bitterness was manifested by Mosmay expect opposition. When this lems in this trial but he escaped with is opposition to the Word of God, only a nominal sentence. The judge the evidence is clear that it comes imposed the payment of a fine of from the devil. A missionary in two pounds, altho it was in his power Beirut writes that in a nearby village to impose a fine of fifty pounds a Maronite priest recently made a ($25°.00) and imprisonment for one search for Bibles printed in the Bei- year. The testimony of the witnesses, rut Press, and threatened the peo- of whom there were seven or eight, ple with excommunication if they was that the man had declared that did not give up their books and Bi- the Koran was only a human compobles. After he had obtained all pos- sition, mostly of unknown authorsible he proceeded to burn the Bi- ship, that the prophet was a liar, a bles-an act which cast a sad light loyer of women, and that his religion on his own ignorant and blinded heart was false. The decision of the Mosand on the spiritual condition of the lem judge may be taken to mean poor people who follow such a blind either that he believed the Moslem leader of the blind. In another vil- witness to be testifying falsely and lage not an hour away a priest of did not fear to disregard their testithe same church recently had another mony, or that he did not consider the such burning of Bibles. Unfortu- language used to be really defamanately for them both, their own false tion. On whatever basis the decision teachings of the ethical variations of was made, the missionaries regard it truth encouraged many of their flock as a victory, and say that a few to conceal the truth and also the Bibles so that not a few remain and years ago it would hardly have been possible.

of a Tour of Asia*

REV. JAMES H. FRANKLIN, D.D., BOSTON, MASS. Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society.

HE Farther East has very great extent meeting there. A maelstrom is to be expected. I lTI become the Near East. To-day the Far East Eye Openers in Japan is one of the world's How little we understand Japan and the Japanese! How little we zones of greatest ac- understand their history and their . tivity, and it is rapidly modes of thought! Count Okuma, easily the leading publicist in Japan, becoming one of the largest centers made a very strong reply to my in- quiry. of influence. Of course, Americans "vViII you please tell me," I said, are sure that America is the center "how we can make a better contribu- tion to the religious development of of things; but that is because we live the Japanese?"

in America. I found a poor, igno- What do you suppose he said? Send over more missionaries? Build rant black boy in Africa, who could more 'Schools? Do more social work? No. He said: speak a little English, who was sure "Mr. Franklin, if you wish to do Africa was better than any part of more to help the Japanese, please send more missionaries who know America possibly could be. The something of the history of Japan, who know something of the religion Chinese and the Japanese do not for of Japan, who know something of the modes of thought of the Japanese." one moment consider America su- That led me to a claser study of perior to their own lands and they the Japanese, and my knowledge of their history, together with my obdo not for one moment envy us our serv~tions of their life, caused me to leave their shores with great adpale, faded-out skins. miration for them.

There is a great deal of provincial- Crossing the Pacific Ocean a very superficial woman said, "In America ism in all parts of the world. But it we do not like the Japanese because they do not make as good servants is fortunate that people in all parts as some other people." Now how would you like to have the Amerof the world can be grateful to God that they live in the best of all lands.

In China, they are sure they live in the Middle Kingdom and. the mis- sionary who goes to China to-day is sure he is in the center of things.

The late Dr. Greene, of Japan, said to me a few weeks ago, "I wish you would try to make the people in America understand that we are not on the outskirts, but right in the midst of the world's currents." It is true. We need not be disturbed be- cause there is disturbance in the Far East. The world's tides are to a 'Portions of an address delivered at No:rthfield, ~ass" in July, 1913, stenographically reporte,d,

icans judged by that same criterion? the Japanese had not shut out the The Japanese have those character- foreigner. At one time as many a'S istics of which we ourselves are I,ooo,OOO people in the Sunri~e Kingproud, tho we blame them for those dom called themselves Christians, and traits on which we pride ourselves. if there had been a program of disiVe say the Japanese are "cockey," interested service, if there had been since they defeated the Chinese and a non-partizan spirit, if missions and the Russians; we Americans call politics had been kept separate, Japan ourselves patriotic when we celebrate might to-day have been a Christian our victories. We say they are nation. "tricky" in business; we also say, "The Yankee is as shrewd as anyone What has happened in Japan within when it comes to commerce." The the last 60 years? Her civilization Japanese are called the Yankees of had been reta'rded for three centuries, the East. We say that they have a but no sooner were her doors opened feeling of self-sufficiency. So have than she sent her ~ons to the far the Americans. The truth is, we are corners of the earth to sit at the blaming the Japanese for possessing feet of other nations. The result the very characteristics on which we was that there is hardly any feature pride ourselves. of Western civilization which has not been copied, or improved upon, in The American tourist who thinks Japan. In the ordinary city or large at all of missions asks: "How many town they have ten free deliveries of stations have you?" "How many mail a day until ten o'clock at night. converts have you?" "What have There is free delivery to every farthe converts cost per capita?" No mer's hut and to every fisherman's one can study the religious situation cottage, in every corner of the Emin the Far East to-day who is meas- pire. The parcels post had become uring the success of Christianity old with them before we ever began merely by the number of people who it. As to raihyays, a notable differhave been brought into the churches. ence between the American and the The quiet leavening influence of Japanese systems is that the latter Christianity is the greatest result of almost never have collisions. Over missionary effort. This leavening in- there the killing of a passenger is an fluence is felt in many directions. exceedingly rare occurrence. In the matter of newspapers, in every .large We must understand something of city I was told that practically every that wonderful country, Japan, and family takes at least one daily paper, its history. Japan opened her gates and perhaps two, and if some Soloto the other nations of the world only mon says a foolish thing in America 60 years ago, after they had been about the Japanese, they read it toshut against the rest of the world morrow morning before breakfast; for 300 years.. Why? Because cer- but if something kind is said in tain so-called Christian nations of the America about the Japanese, the re- West were ambitious for territory in porters do not cable it. If Dr. Hamthe Far East. So far as history can ilton Wright Mabie makes a speech show, Japan might have been a col- in Tokyo on "World Peace" it is ony of a European nation· to-day if

OF A TOUR IN ASIA

in the Japanese papers the next day. train far north in the Hokkaido we But the most wonderful thing in had for a traveling companion a Japanese of ordinary appearance who Japan is the remarkable system of had eaten his rice with chop sticks education. In spite of the short pe- riod in which they have been at work and for hours had sat on his feet in on a modern system of schools, 95 per cent. of the children of school Japaonese fashion. He appeared to age are now enrol1ed. These are be only an ordinary man of the more ',he so-called "heathen" Japanese prosperous class, but there ,were some that we have been talking about. interesting books by his side. One They are 110t satisfied to teach only was in English, which he could read reading, writing and arithmetic in perfectly, tho he could not contheir schools. They are developing verse with IlS. The title of the Enhigh schools, colleges, and t1l1iversi- glish book was "The Study of Orities-and the universities of Japan gins," a work which deals with the are universities. I visited one with proLlem of knowledge, the problem 5,000 students. In the same city I of being, the problem of duty, the found another with 8,000, and still problem of religion, the problem of another with 9,000 students. The morality. He had studied Buddhism various departments of these univer- and philosophy,' but he had not yet sities compare favorably with simi- studied Christianity sufficiently to exlar departments in Europe and Amer- press an op1l1!On. A magazine by ica. There are chairs of compara- the side of the English book was the tive religions, and the professors are [<'rench "Revue Philosophique." A studying in a cold-blooded, scientific third volume was in Japanese, which spmt. They are comparing the vari- contained pictures of such men as Dr. ous systems of religious thought, G. Stanley Hall and Professor Ladd. ° hoping to select from each system When the French magazine was inthe best for the use of the J apancse spected his prompt query was, "Parpeople. lez vous Fran<.;ais?" Psychology and /,ragrnatism were familiar words Japanese Studying Religion with him and when he learned that the strangers were from America his Another thing worthy of note: You first query was: "Do you know Prowill find in the libraries of these fessor Villiam James, who wrote the universities not only Japanese books, "Varieties of Religious Experience?" but many of the world's best books vVhen a visitor has encountered a in other languages. On the shelves few characters of this type, he beof libraries of colleges and univer- gins to wonder if any nation ever sities are many high grade· books furnished a parallel to the situation that are not found in some of our in Japan, where many educated lead- Christian' schools in America. Pro- ers are seeing the need of better refessor William James's "Varieties of ligious thought and are quietly read- Religious Experience" is very popu- ing the world's religious books for lar. themselves.

But it would be a mistake to as- On one occasion, on a train in sume that only the educated leaders Japan, an educated young man 111 are studying religion. On a railway

foreign dre<:s, noting my inability to was not comparable with that of the speak the Japanese tongue, offered Nazarene, for Jesus was what you his services. When he discovered people call God Incarnate." that I was from Boston, he at once told me that he had received his It had become proper for me to scientific education in the University ask him what was his own religious of Boston. He asked if I had known attitude. He replied at once, "1 ac- cept Christianity. I am not a mem- Dr. A. J. Gordon, and if I had ever ber of any church, but I take Chris- tianity as the compass of my life." visited Northfield. He had been much When he was asked, if Japan would interested in Northfield, he declared, ultimately accept the principles of where he had heard D. L. Moody, Christianity, he replied, with Ameri- A. J. GordQn, Henry Drummond and can emphasis, "Sure," and added, others. He wished to know who had "Japan may not accept Western ectaken Mr. Moody's place. clesiastical forms; we may not ac- cept the theological systems of the In the course of our conver.sation West; but the principles of Chrishe gave me a most remarkable and tianity are sure to triumph, they are interes.ting interpretation of the death sure of ultimate acceptance in Jaof General Nogi, whom he pictured pan." He continued: "You used a as the most righteous man in Japan good illustration a moment ago. You at the time of his death. "Nogi," said said it is not your chief concern to he, "was at heart a Christian. Bud- fix the theological thought of the dhism could not have produced such a Japanese, but that your chief conman. There was no nobler man in cern is to point the people of the Far all our land than Nogi, caring for East to the Rock, Christ Jesus, the poor and distrest wherever it whence the gold of all the world's rewas possible, and leaving not a yen ligious thought may be mined; that to his own credit in the bank at the it is our privilege to take this gold time of his death, having used even into the mints of our own minds and his army pension for the relief of hearts and consciences, under the suffering." General Nogi's suicide, guidance of God's Holy Spirit, and he declared, was the use of an old coin it with such image and super- Japanese method of protest against scription as will best express the existing conditions. "I think Nogi Japanese adoration and devotion. I felt," said he, "that if he lived 20 think that is what will be done." years longer he could do nothing to stem the tide of immorality that was Count Okuma said to me at the setting in. .He saw that immorality close of a long interview, tho he was affecting both the s.tudent classes himself is not an avowed Christian: and the army forces. If he should "The leading educated men of Japan give his life, his death would be in- are thirsty for new religion. They terpreted as a protest against con- see clearly that the old religious sysditions which he had attempted to tems are not sufficient-a more conchange." With tremendous eloquence crete faith is necessary to moral dehe exclaimed, "I tell you, Nogi died velopment." At a reception given in for Japan as truly as Jesus of Naza- my honor, there were a number of reth died for all mankind. His death

OF A TOUR IN ASIA

J a pan e s e university professors, adopted, but I be1ievewith all my soul in the ultimate triumph of Chris- Ph.Dd.'s from Harvard, Yale, and tianity in the Far East. Cambridge. The substance of their remarks was this: The Eastern Reli,iona "The Western forms wiII not tri- I have returned with increased reumph here, but the leaven of Chris- spect for the peoples of the Far East tianity has already accomplished and with increased unwillingness to much in the Empire. As an illustr2.- speak slightingly of the religion of tion, it has given a new content to any people who are trying to find many words in 011r vocabulary. The God. Their religious thought does word love was carnal in its meaning not necessarily represent enmity toin the days of our boyhood; now it ward God, but rather their attempt has come to have a new meaning. to reach out, if haply they may find It now has the Christian content." Him. Dr. Timothy Richard, that great missionary in China, said in one vVe must send our best men and of Dr. Mott's conferences, "God hath our best women to this Empire, to not left Himself without witness in the Japanese, who by reason of their any nation." If you do not believe own achievement are entitled to the that, your quarrel is not with Dr. respect and the confidence of the Richard. It is with the New Testaworld. We must think of them as ment. Put two verses togeth~r and our brothe'rs. you will find that God hath not left Himself without witness among any I have returned from Asia with people. Moreover, He is the Light some decidedly pleasing impressions. which lighteth every man that cometh Christianity has been planted in the into the world. Surely, there is some Far East. Every missionary might light in Confucianism. Whence came be recalled from Japan, and leading this light? Christ is not a rival of men amI numerous students would go Confucius. "I have come not to deon studying Christianity. There is stroy, but, to fulfil," said Jesus. It a great need for more missionaries is the mission of those who sit 111 of the right type; but as surely as the sunlight of the love of God as we are here, Christianity has been manifested through Jesus Christ, to planted there. They have seen His give to those who sit in the starlight star in the East, and while it is true or the moonlight that better light that many are encamped on the plains which has come to us from the Sun of darkness, it is also true that some of Righteousness. have journeyed to Bethlehem, while still others are saying, "Let us go I have returned almost staggered and see for ourselves." I have re- at the difficulties of our task, and turned with great confidence in the sobered by its magnitude. I have ultimate triumph of Christianity.. In wandered among pagodas and temspite of our mistakes, God has used ples a thousand, thirteen hundred our efforts. It may be necessary for years old, and have been over- God to use other efforts than those whelmed as I thought of the generawhich we are putting forth. It may tions whose feet had worn smooth be necessary for Him to use other plans than those which we have

the paths of stone. I shall never for- the idea prevails in Western lands get standing by the side of a grave that China's movements are so gen- 4,000 years old, said to be the eral and so progressive' that it is im- burial place of the first emperor of possible to exaggerate. It is impos- China. "There," thought I, "those sible to exaggerate concerning the ashes have been resting ever since" meaning of the political revolution or according to the old chronology, the missionary evolution in China. Abraham heard the cry, 'Up, and get But do not be misled into believing thee out of thine own country into that an empire of four thousand the land that I shall show thee.'" years has in a day become a stable While those ashes have been resting republic, and has discarded on every there, most of what we call the story hand the superstition of four milof the world has been written. Al- lenniums. China has a long, hard most everything that we know of road ahead. Her leaders are awake. Jewish history has transpired within The new order is much in evidence that time. This grave has been there in such centers as Canton, Shang!ni, twice as long as historic Christianity Hankow and Peking. But there are has existed. Multitudes and multi- vast regions in the interior where the tudes have been bowing' before this republic is hardly more than a name, grave for forty centuries. Yet many and the people in general are densely appear to believe that the aged ignorant of the real meaning of deshrines will totter at the blast of a mocracy. There are regions where Gospel trumpet from beyond the superstition is as strong as before. seas; that systems of ,eligion will be Dut unquestionably the attitude of the surrendered at the first oral procla- masses is changing, China can never mation of a strange message, and that get back to the old ways. The birth nations will immediately break their of the republic has been attended by idols and form Christian churches convulsions more horrible than we after '1estern models. could possibly realize. The days of fire and blood may not yet be ended. China, Old and New It is certain, however, that a new China has been born whose ambition China! China! China! Who is pre- it is to be a nation like those of the pared to speak of the China of to- West. Do not be disturbed i,f a day? Read a book, and' one must cable tells us to-morrow that revoluspeak; spend a few months there, and tion has occurred in this or that one hardly dares to speak lest what province. Revolutions in China may he says to-day appear altogether fool- be but incidents in her evolution. ish to-morrow. Moreover, he learns that what is true of one section may How came this new republic? At not be true of another. It is not Hanyang I climbed to the top of the safe to say that a well-developed ridge from which the fires of revomovement in one province has even lution first blazed forth. Just in made a beginning in another. front of a Christian hospital are two immense cement tombs where one or Much that is being written about two thousand revolutionary soldiers the new republic to-day is amusing were hurriedly buried. On the two when it is read in China. Somehow

OF A 'fOUR IN

imlllense graves arc these words: might still do a great deal to re- "Spirits of Fire and Blood." Their establish her moral position.

names are not known. "Spirits of Inquirers in China Fire and Blood." In Canton, called by some the Back of this sacrifice was leader- greatest city of Asia, I attended one of the theater meetings 'conducted ship. Back of the leadership was in- for students by Dr. John R. Mott. spiration. Vhence came this new For several nights in succession, as impulse? Passing through Europe a many as twenty-five hundred students few days ago I chanced to pick up a gathered in a theater. It was notable copy. of the London Daily Mail of that there was not a queue in evi- May 5, containing an article by Lord dence. The student classes of China William Gascoyne-Cecil on "The Op- have broken with the past. One misportunity in China," from which I sionary who attended the meeting clipt these words: Now they are breaking up the idol said that ten years ago he would not temples, the old heathen festivals of have believed such a thing possible the seasons are dying quickly, and in so short a time. At the concluwill be as dead as our Mayday, and sion of the series of meetings, 800 China will soon be without a religion students of the Canton schools beunless she becomes Christian. She is becoming Christian, but she still came inquirers, and signed cards on needs our help. In this matter I have which they promised to read the New a little quarrel with my countrymen. Testament and to pray every day, and You may notice that nine-tenths of to follow the teachings of Christ as the men who are leading this revolu- far as reason and conscience comtion have had their inspiration from American mission schools, with the mended His teachings as true. The result that America has a great moral mission school occupies a large place position in China. Now the English in the present day in China. Every have always had bigger interests in China, and their missionaries were mission academy or college that I there long before the Americans, visited is turning away students. One their flag is much better known, but academy with splendid building, they did not believe in educating the which last year enrolled only IS, had young Chinaman, with the result that 60 applications this year-their full all the leading young men went to the American missions and not to capacity. A single college turned the English. Now we are doing a little, but still we are far behind away 50 students because there was no room to accommodate them. If America, and the real future of Cb.ina I were going to China to-day as a depends on the American-trained teacher in a mission school, I am not Chinese. It was a great mistake that a con- sure but that I would be as willing to teach science as theology. In the stitutional monarchy did not take the theological school of one of the m03t place of the despotic Emperor; the young Chinese quite wrongly deter- successful missions, we found that mined to create a new China after students for the ministry were taught the model of the United States; it astronomy, that they might learn that would have been far better if more marty of the phenomena of nature of the reformers had been trained are due, not to evil spirits, but to under English influences. But it is "never too late to mend"; England natural causes. Physics and chemis-

try are helping to eradicate belief in to reproduce Western denominationspirits and dragons, and these studies, alism, but to plant Christianity. For in removing old superstitions which days these men and women conferred have been wrecking China, are pre- on questions of vital importance, and paring their minds for the reception the results of these meetings will be of spiritual truth. Many have be- felt for many decades. lieved that we are under no obligation to educate-that we. must preach These conferences confirmed what the Gospel quickly to every creature; I felt before-that the day is at hand but I say without reservation that when sectarianism is bound to fail in so far as I could judge, the denom- the Far East, and I have returned inations which are now in position to from my tour prepared to say that do most for the regeneration of China sectarianism ought to fail in the Far are the denominations that have done East. Who am I, that I should acmost, not merely in training assistants cept responsibility for fixing the for their missionaries, but who have theological thought for the Chinese also done much in general education and the Japanese? He who is winand have placed responsibility upon ing to do so assumes much respon- Chinese who are to-day able to lead sibility. It is enough to give them the people. Christ, and let them interpret Him for themselves. Tho am I, that 1 You have heard of the conferences should consider my view the last held around the world. I attended word in the interpretation of Christ? several of the conferences held in With all my soul, I believe that the China by Dr. John R. Mott, as sec- Chinese and Japanese, by their conretary of the Continuation Commit- tributions, will make the crown of tee of the Ed,inburgh Missiorary Con- Christ more resplendent, and with all ference. The national gathE'ring was my heart I believe that it is their privilege to interpret Him for themattended by I 15 rnen and women selves. They will take this privilege, (foreign mis~ionaries and Chinese whether you and I grant it or 11ot, leaders), who represented perhaps as many as 30 different denominations, and personally I am grateful for that and fully as many d'ifferent mission- independence of spirit which is beary organizations. They were picked coming more and more manifest. men and women from every great section of the new republic, who had In the conferences, there was no come together in a spirit of unity, to demand whatever that we sink our hail the Name that is above every distinctive convictions-no demand, name. These men and women had as some one says, that we reduce come together first of all because of our theology to the lowest common the spirit of unity in their hearts. denominator. On the other hand, They had also corne together with there is insistence that everyone a consciousness that the task is too shall be loyal to his own interpretagreat for anyone branch of the tion of Christ, and that each de- Christian Church. Moreover, many nomination shall contribute loyally had come with the conviction that and frankly that interpretation with their chief business in China was not which it has been able to bless the world. At the same time there is

OF A TOUR IN ASIA

an insistent demand on the part of ing that the churches of the city the Chinese and on the part of many meet and pray for the republic." Was missionaries, that no denominational it possible? Thirteen years ago these name shall be placed ahead of the very streets were running with the Name of Jesus Christ. Speaking blood of Christians. Thirteen years figuratively, there is a wide-spread ago, in the terrible Boxer uprising, tendency to write the Name of Christ which was primarily anti-foreign and in large capitals over the name of only secondarily anti-Christian, these every Christian church in China, and very walls were mounted with cannon the denominational name in small let- turned upon the legation quarters in ters below. The National Conference, which the foreign missionaries and which represented so many denomina- many Christians found refuge while tions, unanimously recommended that waiting for two months the arrival of the congregations in China should the foreign soldiers. All day the 'take as a common name, "The Church words kept coming-Hanly 13 years of Christ in China," the denomina- ago." tional designation being secondary. Cooperation is the need of the hour At the morning hour I worshiped in China. There is no wide-spread with a Chinese congregation. Only demand for a union which means the 13 years ago 200 members of this surrender of conviction. It is under- band gave their lives rather than deny stood that each denomination must Christ. The assistant pastor who sound forth what it believes to be its took part in the service that morning God-given message. The oratorio of lost wife and children, father and Redemption will never be sounded mother, brothers and sisters,-just forth merely by everyone giving up 13 years ago. My heart was throbhis convictions. On the other hand, bing as I looked upon him. And we we shall never hear the oratorio at had been calling them rice Christians! its best so long as some insist upon I was asked to go to the Methodist playing their own instruments far off compound and take part in the serin one corner, and others insist upon vice which was to be held at the replaying their instruments elsewhere quest of the Minister of Foreign Afin their little corners. We shall fairs. Singularly enough, the meetcreate a true symphony by sounding ing was held on the Methodist comtrue notes, and by sounding them in pound where the missionaries and love and harmony. Cooperation is Chinese Christians first assembled at the word, and I believe it is born of the outbreak of the persecution that God. cost the lives of 200 foreign mis- sionaries and 30,000 Chinese Chris- A Great Day in Peking tians. We have not even yet begun to realize the sufferings of those days On my last Sunday in China I was -only 13 years flgo. A few' rods greeted by these words : "You are in distant was the British legation where Peking on a great day. The first many missionaries and Chinese Chris- National Assembly has just opened, tians found protection behind the and to-day the Minister of Foreign breastworks during the long siege, Affairs, a Christian man, is request- while a handful of foreign soldiers

on the stone walIs stood between full y understand this,· and hope that Christianity may be promoted, and them and death. A part uf the wall we come with this expression of goodwill to this gathering of Chinese has been left unrepaired, still bear- which has met here for prayer for the nation at this important time of ing the marks of shot and shell, and its reorganization."

overhead these words: "Lest we ,for- A veteran missionary whispered to me: "Thirteen years ago we could get." not have believed this possible." I looked out over the large assembly I expected a meeting of a hundred and in my heart I asked, "Who are they, Lord, and whence came they?" or two hundred Christians in a small Then came the answer: "These are they that came out of the great triburoom on the Methodist compound. lation and they washed their robes But no, the place oi meding is the and made them white in the blood of the Lamb." fine house of worship which seats That meeting was the beginning of fifteen hundred, and the house filled. the wider movement in which the On the platform besides the mis- President of the RepUblic requested all the Christians to pray. I know not sionaries and church pastors were what motive may have prompted gov- ernment officials in their part in the representatives of the Chinese gov- latter movement, but I know that the movement was Christian in its odgin, ernment. A senator, edt1cated in and that whatever the motives may have been, it is a marvel of marvels America by a member of our own that within I3 years the despised Christians have been asked to pray Board of Managers, prays with for the new RepUblic. This one cir- cumstance is sufficient in itself to broken and sobbing voice, mention- call the Christian forces of the world to most heroic endeavor. My brothers ing in his prayer that Washington and sisters, surely the hour has struck: Are we ready for it? and Lincoln both prayed in the times Ve know that in a chemical exof nati':mal distress. A representa- periment there is a time when all tive of President Yuan Shih-Kai depends upon the proper contribution being made at ju~t that moment. If spoke these words: that moment slips by, it can not be recalled. This is the moment in the "I am here representing President Far East when it appears that the Yuan Shih-Kai and Mr. Lu Cheng- proper contribution will produce the hsiang, the Minister of Foreign Af- greatest results ever Seen in mission fairs. Both the President and Mr. endeavor. Lu take interest in this meeting which has been called for special prayers for the nation at this time. The old book says that the root is in the heart and if the heart is right, the man will be right, and so the family and so the whole nation. It is the power of religion that is necessary today. Christianity has come to China for now over one hundred years. It was born in Judea and spread all over the world. Altho under a republic there is equality in religIOn, the President and Mr. Lu realize that Christianity has done very much for China. Christians are not regarded now, as under the Manchu Dynasty, as a special class by themselves, but as citizens of the Republic, and their work has done much to promote morality among the people of this land. The President and Mr. Lu

AN N UAL MEETING OF THE METHODIST MISSION IN INDIA IN

(Mr. and Mrs. Rutler a rc in the center in front .of the Indian who holds the end of the Aag) The Mother of Two Missions A SKETCH OF MRS. WILLIAM BUTLER, MISSIONARY TO INDIA AND MEXICO BY LILLY RIDER GRACEY Author of T has been said of the leading churches. A call was there- fore sent out for men to open work l aI ~ Corsican, that the fra- in India. For three years the appeal . grance of the flowers was made and then there was but of his native land so one response and that was by Dr. ~ enters into his nature William Butler. H e accepted the that wherever he goes, perilous, arduous post with heroic this fragrance tells his presence and enthusiasm and his no less heroic his nationality. Whether on two wife shared gladly the hardships and foreign fields, India and Mexico, in responsibilities with him. both of which with her husband she pioneered, or in the homeland, there The journey that such steamers was a fragrance about the personality as the Lusitania and the modern and presence of Mrs. William Butler Mediterranean express service make that showed she belonged. to all na- possible in 21 days, then took five tions of the earth-the title once weary months. On April 9, 1856, bestowed upon her, that of "Empress the Butlers began a nearly halfof India Missions," 'did not encircle year's journey, sailing from Boston. her interests, so world-wide were Small, poorly-equipped steamers, hot they, so human-hearted was she. days crossing the desert to Suez, before the days of any Suez Canal, For some years it was felt by added discomfort instead of pleasures intelligent members of the Methodist to their travels. Their chosen field Episcopal Church, that the long delay was the beautiful Gangetic Valley, toof American Methodists in entering gether with the adjacent hill range the foreign mission field presented a on the east and north-a tract of cause of reproach, when contrasted Jndia nearly as large as England, with the active efforts of the other

and containing more than 18.000,000 days they journeyed on to find refuge of people. Here the city of BareiIIy at Naini Tal, a valley encircling a was selected for the mission station. beautiful lake, picturesque among the Just ten weeks before .the Sepoy Himalaya mountains, with the snowy Rebellion broke out,the young man range of the Himalayas In the distance. WILLIAM BU TLER "Dr. Butler was just the mall and his bride settled down for work needed at that time," said an obin their new home. A valued library server of those epoch-making days. of a thousand volumes was put in "A cautious or a timid man would place, and the missionaries began a have hesitated, and the opportunity study of the people and language. would possibly have been lost to lay Ten weeks later the comfortable the broad foundations that were laid home and its contents were t:onsigned for mission work." A brief time to flames, and the two workers of after the arrival at Naini Tal, Dr. undaunted bravery were homeless, Butler hacla little congregation about hunted for their lives in the adjoin- him, and started a day school for ing mountains. The English army bazaar children, in whom Mrs. Butler commanded them to leave quickly was interested. A sheep house standand unseen as the Rebellion became ing on a hill side, was cleared out, a fact. Hastily they started under whitewashed, fitted up with benches, the cover of the night, moving off and turned into a miniature chapel by the light of a mussalchee's torch. at a cost of $4.36- the first Metho- They traveled in palanquins. Dark- dist Church edifice in India. ness, tigers and elephants were about them as they passed through the III a few months the Rebellion was terai, a belt of deep jungle. During over and Nana Sahib, the Cruel, was the flight they slept at night in tents, with great log fires· kept burning by DR. AN D MRS. B UTLER'S HOME IN EAREILLY" the natives to keep away the wild beasts of the forest. For several himself a fugitive in the wilds of the terai. Dr. and Mrs. Butler were permitted to return to Bareilly, and 'Courtesy of the Missionary Education Movement.

MOTHER OF TWO MISSIONS

a very romance of missions is seen sympathies and energies. During the in the opportunity which came in following five years, with the aid of DelhI for Dr. and Mrs. Butler to sit nearly 20 more missionaries from the on the famous crystal throne in the homeland, the Methodist mission esaudience chamber of the Great Mo- tablished work in almost a dozen guls and watch the trial of the con- cities of Northwest India, erected spirators of the mutiny, and hear the mISSion homes, school buildings, decree of banishment for the Em- chapels, churches, and founded a peror of Delhi, the last of the Mo- publishing house, the property value guls, Mrs. Butler being the only going into thousands of dollars. American woman who had ever seen During these years Mrs. Butler worked the face of the Empress of Delhi. untiringly for the women and girls.

THE BAREItLY THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY This is located in the city where Methodist work in India began While sitting on that throne Dr. "Our early congregations in India Butler took out paper and pencil and from r8S7 to r86r," wrote Dr. Butwrote the notable appeal called, "The ler, "had in one sense a melancholy Throne of the Great Mogul," in aspect. "Voman was not there. which he pleaded for the support of British arms might abolish thrones, the orphans who would be left as a annihila,te sovereignties, overthrow result of all these months of war- great armies and give peace to a fare. "If you take them, you will bleeding land, but all that done, think of them," he wrote. "If yOlt there remained to be accomplished a pay for them, you will pray for mightier conquest which their swords them." A hearty response was made could not achieve, a victory to be by Methodism to this appeal and won which required a far different a girls' orphanage was founded, to agency for its consummation. That which Mrs. Butler directed her agency was woman. Her gentle hand,

THE :lISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WCmU) I Janua]')'

her Christian teaching must be the vealeCl the agency that He had in powerful nl.inistry to lead her be- reserve to meet the emergency and nfghted sisterhood to become the en- to complete His plan. The Woman's lightened 'Daughters of the Al- Foreign Missionary Societies weI l: mighty.' " organized; when the zenana doors were at last opening, when the gov- Marvelous health Mrs. Butler bad ernment was ready to welcome them during the vicissitudes of climate and gladly, when the appropriate native the coming in contact with contagious agency required had been made diseases, when many times she per- ready to keep them; when the requisonally nursed those with cholera, site funds were available for their and small-pox, but after nine years schools anc! orphanages, anc! when (he two indefatigable workers came the field was all their own and every back to America for rest. Soon after ohstacle had been removed out of they had taken up their residence in the way of their work and useful- Boston, two influential women repre- ness; then they came to render the senting the Congregational Churches service which they alone coulc! accalled to ask their opinion on complish." lVoman's missionary societies. They orgahized a society in 1868, with Vhen the Woman's Society became Mrs. Butler's words and presence to an institution, it gave scope for lIrs. help launch it. Butler's executive ability, organiz- ing power and zeal, and she was in Filled with enthusiasm on that demand in many directions to help occasion, Mrs. Butler attempted to promote the cause. Few women secure similar action among Metho- knew the story of Nations as she dist women the following spring. Co- did. This organization has grown operating with her with equal zeal to marvelous strength, haying in the and purpose was Mrs. Edwin W. past year an income of $9II,337, a Parker of India, who at the time total of more than ~T4,OC>O,000. Durwas in America, and the two enlisted ing the forty-four years of its histhe interest of some women of means tory, these have been contributed and social prominence, the result be- through the society, and it has maining a meeting called for organization tained over 400 women missionaries in Tremont Street Church, Boston, on the foreign field. March 23, 1869. Only eight women were present, but a forcible presen- In 1873 Mrs. Butler accompanied tation of the purpose resulted in an her husband to Mexico, where she effective organization. again shared with him the task of fOllnding a mission of their Church. Eloquently Dr. Butler wrote of Here she had the nnique experience this action and the opportunity pre- of making a home in part of the hissented in these words: "As 1869 toric building which was once the approached, and the success of the palace of the Emperor Moctezuma, great hopes that had been awakened and was afterward part of the great in the heart of India for the enlight- monastery of· the Franciscans-the enment of one-sixth of all the women missionary monks of the Catholic on earth, as well as for women in Church. Later, after the sequestraall unevangelized climes, God re-

MOTHER OF TWO MISSIONS

MRS. BUTLER WITH NATIVE INDIA PREACHERS IN 1906* tion of the monasteries by the Liber- in its various schools in that country. al Government, it has been in turn a After opening that field Dr. and circus 'and theater, and, as the fana- Mrs. Butler retired from strenuous tical press put it "Each time worse." activities. A rare treat was then ar- Then it became a Methodist Mission ranged for them-at no expense to House. Mrs. Butler also rejoiced to them, or their Board, they were persee a band of earnest Christians wor- mitted to revisit India. . What changes shiping in the former Examining had taken place! How they were Chapel of the Inquisition in the City thrilled with the sights of progress of Puebla. Here she received into · development and adoption of western her own home the first orphan girl ideas! On and up through India they to come into the care of the Mis- sped, but the climax of their journeysion, which now has 5,000 <;hildren 'CQurtesy of th~ Missionary Education Movement.

ings was reached in Bareilly, where penetrated the dense jungle through as a feature of the welcome their which they had made their famous train arriving near midnight was escape, and that Methodist missions met by nearly 300 girls from the were extending their ministry over orphanage founded 20 years before, some of the Terai population and and by a company of students from that there was singing of hymns and a flourishing Theological Seminary, holding of services by the humble besides natives without number, dwellers in the Jungle. members of the churches. The year 1906 was Jubilee year of Thrilling is the pell-picture the two Methodist missions in India. A gave of a feature of the return visit large company of Americans atto historic Lucknow. "To us," they tended. Mrs. Butler, tho 86, made wrote, "it was a surprise to see the the trip, and was naturally a central preparations made for open meetings figre in the celebration. At an age under the trees in one of the large when very few women would have centers of the city, municipal authori- gone beyond the shadow of their ties granting the privilege. This in own home she crossed the seas and Lucknow! And these were the people endured the fatigues of nearly five who resisted Havelock, and aimed to days of trying railway travel from destroy everything English and Tuticorin to Bareilly, that she might Christian in 1857! The sons and look upon this scene. Seated on the daughters of the Sepoy race holding ground there gathered before her an meetings in the center of the Sepoy audience of about 3,000 people- Capital 1 This in Lucknow 1 The fact some of the fruits of the prayers and kept constantly recurring to onr toils and tears of the years gone, minds. What would Havelock have while he by whose side she first enthought had this scene been foretold tered this city, was waiting over him! yonder, with the thousands who had already been garnered in. With a "On Sabbath, from seven o'clock clear voice which could be heard in in the morning till half-past ten at every corner of the great tent she night, service after service, at brief declared: intervals, filled up the hours. Never had we seen so many native Chris- "The idols He shall utterly abolish, tians together. The women ,were as and tho the Himalayas be five miles ready as the men. The locality and high and the ocean five miles deep, its antecedents made the scene seem this earth of ours shall yet be as full more wonderful than it could be of the glory of God as the face of elsewhere. At the sacramental ser- the deep is of water." vice there was no caste. The American, the English, the Sikh, the Ro- Heaven seemed very near to all in hilla, the Eurasian, along with the that sublime hour. Fifty years ago varieties of caste from the Brahmin there was no one to welcome the to the pariah, sharing in the ele- first missionary into this city. Now ments. The central figures at one 110t only are 3,000 native Christians table were a Rajah and his wife." on the ground, but' the' municipal au- The visitors saw that Christianity had thorities sent a most remarkable wel-

MOTHER OF TWO MISSIONS

come. This shows the wonderful from Burma, the men from the changes that God has wrought. Malay country, the men from the wilderness, the men from the far No building in the city of Bareilly hill country, even from Tibet, the chosen for the Jubilee was large men of the strong Marathi race and enough to contain all that wished the stout-hearted folk of Rajputana to attend; so great tents were joined joined with the men and women of together until a tabernacle was made the Hindu and Mohammedan provlarge enough to shelter 3,000, that inces of Northern India with one came to represent the membership accord in the song- of victory, it was of the Church of I90,000 with a con- like a second Pentecost!" stituency sufficient to bring up the number under the banner planted in One of the Jubilee events was the 1856, to a quarter of a million. laying of the cornerstone of a hospi- BUTLER MEMORIAL BUILDING IN BARODA, INDIA At the opening service of the tal bearing the name of Mrs. Butler, jubilee, when Mrs. Butler' entered, and another was a reception held in the great company sprang to its feet the palace of the Nawab of Rampore by a common impulse, while the who had offered it for that purpose Indian song leader flung his tam- -a significant contrast from the days bourine in the air and burst into of r856! the native Christian hymn, "Jai Prabu Yesu"-"Victory to Jesus." Not only at a Jubilee in the Ori~nt was Mrs. Butler a conspicuous figure, "This is wonderful," whispered but also in the climax meetings of one next to her. "To you it is the notable Jubilee of woman's forwonderful! To me it is a miracle!" eign missionary societies held in exclaimed Mrs. Butler. Speaking of 19IO, in New York City, when from the gathering afterward she said, the platform of the Fifth Avenue "As the men from Bengal, the men Presbyterian Church, her voice rang

out clear and clarion-like as she the heroic for the Christian is to closed a brief address on missionary be found in the foreign missionary work, exclaiming, "It's the grandest service. Will not the Church of to- thing in the world!" day be justified in looking to the The last appeal of Mrs. Butler for young women of rich opportunities India was written in her 93rd year for recruits for the world-wide war- and was made to the heroic spirit of fare? It is not to a sacrifice of death, young American women. She began but to the "living sacrifice" the Mas- with the following words: ter calls in thousands of places of "It was my fortune some time ago need, in the new China, the hoary to hear a student from India. at one India, behind the veiled doors of of our great universities, say that ?Ioslelll homes. "I beseech you, the British, by prohibiting suttee, therefore, present yuur bodies," your had extinguished the heroic spirit ill talents, your culture to this noble India. Suffice it to say that he was work, to be an acceptable sacrifice!

not a Christian. There waS little When I came into this world there sympathy with his views apparently, were few places where a woman and one was tempted to inquire if could work in special organized the heroic in national life depended service for the Church. To-day there on the immolation. of living beings is a place for every talent, every gift, on the funeral pyre, why the exercise for every character, to find its highest of that virtue had been confined riches in the ranks of the army of through the ages to one sex? the living God."

May we not farther presume that Mrs. Dutler's closing years were if such privi:ege had been conferred spent in her home in Newton Center, on the husband as well as on the M:assachusetts, which was the center wife, the spirit of the Hindu people of missionary inspiration to workers would have been strong enough to not only of her own church but of repel the invaders who, from the be- other denominations. Up to within ginning of history, have made the a year she was constant in her at- fair land of Hindustan their spoil? tendance at rileetings, and up to her The change which we see coming last days she used her pen and voice, all over the world in the removal of especialIy in the endeavor to lead age-long restrictions upon woman- others to enlist in missionary service.

hood doubtless ushers in a new era She was greatly gifted in prayer, when she shall have greater privileges and was called upon for such service and, therefore, infinitely greater re- at every missionary meeting she at- sponsibilities. While the home life tended. Any who ever heard her shall always be her deepest concern, thus talk with God, felt indeed that she will not be excused from a wider ,they had been in an "Upper Room."

sympathy which shall take in the Such saints never die, but after their civic needs and the world-wide en- translation live on here below, still terprises. It has been well said that doing over again their work of in- the greatest field for the exercise of spiration and helplessness.

the War In the

BY REV. GEORGE D. HERRICK, D.D. Formerly Missionary of the American Board in Constantinople ~~""'-'-"II?lJJEGINNING ~ith the and the third between Turkey and last ten weeks of 1912 Greece. Turkey is not expelled from there have been a se- Europe after all. She has pushed ries of events in the back her western border sixty· miles Turkish Empire that beyond the line drawn in London. have been unparalleled She once more possesses her ancient capital, Adrianople. in human history. Var, fierce, bloody, pitiless; the four Balkan The most important results that states victorious over their old op- have emerged from the horrible conpressor, the Turk, whom they almost fusion as the black clouds and the drove out of Europe; then "peace"- thunderings roll away are the followwhen lo! the victors began fighting ing: among themselves over the division of the spoils. The ferocity exhibited I. The sacrifice of human life has was more brutal than was exhibited been frightful. Little Montenegro, on either side in the first Balkan with a population of a quarter of ;. war. Even unarmed men, women, million, acknowledges a loss of 10,000 children, by thousands fell victims to men, one in 25 of the entire populathe blood-lust of men gone mad In tion. Reckoning the population of an unchecked riot of wild carnage. our country at 90,000,000, imagine a war lasting a few months, and think The Turks have complained, with what it would mean if 3,600,000 much reason, that the Great Powers young men were to be killed m batof "Christian" Europe make treaties tie! If the loss of men disabled for with the weaker states but to break life be added to those killed, the them the moment their own interests sacrifice of Bulgaria in human life fail to be served by those states, es- falls little short of that of Montepecially when the states in question negro in proportion to the population are Moslem. of the country. The same holds true of Servia. The losses of the Turkish In July the Turks seized the op- army in battle and by disease are portunity to set in motion a large, probably a quarter of a million. newly organized army, and by forced marches crossed the Enos-Media line The number of young men, the and, in defiance of the mandate of flower of their several races, lost to Europe, retook and permanently oc- peaceful industry by these wars, will cupied Kirkkilisse and Adrianople. reach close on a million, a ghastly result, a frightful devastation. Then followed three peace settlements, the first between Rumania, 2. All the states involved in the Bulgaria, Servia and Greece, the sec- war are now on the ragged edge ond between Turkey and Bulgaria, of bankruptcy. It will take many

years, even if the bitter hatreds fos- radical reforms in their gOYernmental tered by the strife are held in leash, administration, in education, and in for those peoples to recover financial- developing the resources of their ly from the effects of the flghting. country. They will urge very co- 3. The actual suffering all throu·gh gently upon the Powers of Europe South-Eastern Europe and Asia consent to two changes which will Minor, as the direct result of the materiaUy increase their revenue, war, is quite beyond the conception of viz., the increase of custom dues from Americans. "There was not a house II . to IS per cent., and the abolition where there was not one dead.·' Yes, of all foreign post offices. The lat- and in many houses, not one but two ter can be done only by the appoint- and three; in one house, seven vacant ment of foreigners as the heads of places are reported. The desolated their post office at Constantinople and homes are filled with mourning. in the seaboard towns.

Gaunt famine follows in the wake of The reform of the judiciary will be war. most difficult and will take most time.

4. The folly of all congratulatior. The point of danger will Le in the over the "Christian" alliance of the unwillingness of the Young Turks to Balkan states has become manifest. accord to their Christian fellow-coun- The ambition of Bulgaria to domi- trymen that degree of leadership nate the Balkan peninsula has been which their intelligence calls for, rudely shattered. and respect for that reasonable 5. Greece has gained more and lost national aspiration which those illus- less than any of the other states in~ trious races, the Armenian and the volved in the struggle. Salonika is Greek, have long and vainly claimed, a very rich city; and even if Greece but which can not longer be stifled.

does not possess all the islands she It is hoped that those at the helm will claim, yet her influence as a sea- will see in time the rocks on which power on the Mediterranean is here- the ship of state is in peril pf being after to be reckoned with in the solu- wrecked.

tion of Mediterranean problems. The recent action of the govern- 6. The year has been a year of ment, conciliatory toward the Arabs, crisis for the Ottoman Empire and action in pleasing contrast to the un- for the various peoples of that land. wise course adopted three years ago The first Balkan war left Turkey de- , in both Arabia and Albania, may be feated, humiliated, despairing. Worse taken as a pledge of an honest pur- than that. The comparatively small pose on the part of those in power number of liberal and enlightened to respect the national desires of the Turks were split into two factions various races that compose the popu- and fell into bitter recriminations lation of the empire.

among each other. Had Russia had What do these great events fore- a free hand, Ottoman dominion would shadow touching the progress of the have ended last summer. Kingdom of God?

The Turks know that their national Greece and Servia have always existence hinges on their speedy suc- been intolerant toward missionary cess in actually accomplishing several work, even educational work in mis-

sionary hands; and in the expulsion Christianity as being near to the of American missionaries from places Christianity which was theirs cen- they once held in Albania they have turies ago. The opportunity and the been acting in character. pi'obably call to American Christians is unique; the institution established by Dr. it is urgent; it is full of promise of House at Salonica will be undis- speedy and large results.

turbed, as it is "agricultural and in- In Turkey itself we face conditions dustrial," but evangelical teaching in affecting missionary work very differ- this institute will have to be conduct- ent but equally beckoning with those ed with great tact. Elsewhere, serious in Albania. In Turkey the plant in limitations may be expected. Bul- American hands is very large, and it . garia has welcomed educational work is Americans who hold the field. The by American missionaries and ha.> missionary and educational force is been qualifiedly friendly toward their large. All strategic centers are oc~ evangelistic work. Whether she will cupied. American high schools, col- allow greater freedom for effort in leges, hospitals are all full to over- behalf of the Moslems remaining flowing. These institutions are nt1m~ within her borders remains to be bered by scores. In recent years seen. Moslems in large numbers are among When we turn to Albania the out- their patrons. Relief work adminis- look totally changes. The Albanians, tered by American hands in real sym- both Moslem and Christian, have long pathy amid the appalling suffering since united in a common desire and following the war has won the hearts determination to use their own lan- of the Turks. They know the su- guage rather than the Turkish as the preme need for their people, of men- principal language in their schools. tal and moral education and they are They welcomed the proclamation of looking to Americans for their mod- constitutional government in 1908 in els and their guides. They are read- the confident hope of now attaining ing our Bible and other Christian their purpose. The folly of the books, and are ready to listen to the "Young Turks" in Albania is writ Gospel message as never before. The large on the pages of modern history. war has been indescribably, incon- All is changed WIth the erection of ceivably fearful in its carnage and Albania into a free state. The people the suffering it has caused. But we are grateful to Italy and to Austria. see reason to believe these sufferings But this is with a certain reserve, for are opening men's eyes, in all races, they very well know that self-interest to the supreme value of moral and is at the bottom of Italian and Aus- spiritual good. Behold the door trian friendship. To Americans they thrown wide open by those newly turn without reserve. They appeal to awakened peoples to their friends of us to establish schools and hospitals the "Vest, especially t(l American among them. Some of them go fur- Christians. The chance offered us for ther and declare themselves ready to spiritual investments that yield a abandon Islam, forced upon them by hundred-fold is as great, certainly, in the Turks, and accept Protestant the Nearer as in the Farther East.

A Recent rrour In

BY REV. PHINEAS B. KENNEDY, DURAZZO, ALBANIA Missionary of the Am,erican Board o-.:so……mN the Dibra district, We were conducted safely over where we recently dis- the mountains within the Servian tributed about 450 lines under a white flag of truce and liras ($2,000) to the saw the Albanians on the one stde suffering people, my and the Servians on the other fol- wife and I were royal- lowing our movements with their field-glasses. As no intercommunily entertained by the Albanians of cation had been allowed for some the Tirana, Kellos, Chela and Matt time between the Servians and the districts through which we passed. people of the Mott district, we were Rarely has a foreigner been seen the first to pass over those mounin these beautiful mountainous sec- tains for several months. tions, and Mrs. Kennedy enjoyed the unique distinction of being the first After being held by the Servians foreign woman who had ever en- for four days, under suspicion of tered the Mott district. The women being the political agents of Austria, of the harems were deeply interest- we were forbidden to go to the Luma ed in her clothing, her eyeglasses, the district, where fighting soon after gold filling in her teeth, etc. The took place, but were allowed with a Albanians manifested a natural mounted police and two foot-soldiers strength of character and self-con- to visit some of the 18 burned viltrol with which the drinking of the lages in the neighborhood of Dibra. foreigners at the seaport restaurants V{e found these villages entirely is a shameful contrast. Altho en- burned and the starving people livtirely Moslem they unitedly stand ing in thatched enclosures. They against the use of alcoholic liquors, were absolutely destitute and much and also argued sensibly concerning less did they possess guns! The entheir rights and the proposed boun- tire districts of Gustiva, Reka and daries of Albania. Day by 'day they Kaza have been destroyed by the Serproved the sturdiness of their con- vians, who burned 3,185 houses amI victions 'by sending out delegated slew II,477 Albanians (Moslems), bands of hardy men with their rifles The consequence is that the whole to hold back the further unjust en- population of 80,000 is pressing this croachment of the Servians. They way. Already over 25,000 are in Elbaclaimed that they had killed no Ser- san and at least 20,000 are in Tirana, vian prisoners, while the Servians All the mosques, schools and public had shot their captured Albanians. buildings are crowded and Mrs. Ken- They appealed to us for cooperation nedy telegraphs me from Elbasan in establishing schools and enlight- that the need for relief funds is disening influences which they frankly tressing. In Tirana I found the acknowledged they need. conditions the Same-every available place cro'..-d~d and villagers with Should war break out between their earthly belongings on their Greece and Turkey the matter of the backs, constantly coming in! About southern boundary of Albania might half of these people are dependent be further delayed . The persecuupon us for bread. The local gov- tion of the Albanians in Kortcha ernment is doing commendably, but by the Albanian members of the is expecting us to cooperate with it. Greek Orthodox Church, assisted by Day by ' day this problem wiI! grow the army and church authorities, is more pressing until the Servians a parody on the real work of the oBuda))est AUS T R A HUN G A THE BALKAN PENINSULA BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR withdraw an.-l the boundary com- Church. Why the Commission almission has given to these Albanians lows the Greek forces to increase their own Albanian territory. This their numbers in the- Albanian city question, as any other, if not settled of Kortcha, instead of vacating the justly, will not be settled. city and governing the city with a neutral force of soldiers is difficult The political outlook is encourag- to I1nderstand. ing if the Commission of Control will accornplisb soon its high service Through the kindness of Mr. of justly and wisely controlling the Charles Crane of Chicago a Board present unsettled conditions as an of Trustees has been elected in advisory board and not as destroy- America for the purpose of developing the initiative of the Albanians. ing the Kortcha Girls' Boardin~-

school. As soon as God opens the and which was forcibly taken from way we shall return to Kortcha to us by the Turkish Government on cooperate in this plan and in re- the ground that they needed it for opening our home as ,a boys' board- military barracks. It is true that ing-home. Under God's blessing, we the 500 liras which we paid for this hope that this may grow in its in- land was received back from the fluem;e for encouraging boys toward Turkish Government by our purlives of scholarship and usefulness. chasing agent. However, our claim Several boys have entered Robert is that the Turkish Government for- College from this school. feited its right to take this land from us as the proposed barracks The provisional Albanian Govern- were never built. They were workment has unexpectedly taken the po- ing against us because we befriended sition that the Krasta property be- the opprest Albanians and promised longs to the present Albanian Gov- to open an institution where the Alernment. This land we purchased some three years ago for 500 liras * banian language would be taught.

India A.D. 1913 BY HERBERT ANDERSON, CALCUTTA HE year 191 3 opened Seventy-two thousand miles of tele- graph lines flash 12,000,000 messages mT with the shadow of a about the Empire, and 58,000 miles tragedy over the Em- of irrigation canals have made 48,- pire. The anarchIst at- 000,000 acres of unprofitable jungle tempt to take the Vice- and sandy wastes to blossom with fer- roy's life at the Delhi tility. These figures betoken the in- Durbar failed as d llnrder. It 'iUC- fluences of Western civilization upon ceeded where its perpetrators least the waking Orient and are a magdesired success-in calling forth ~pOll­ nificent tribute to administrative taneotls, wide-spread, genuine loyalty power. They heIp us to understand to the British Empire from every cor- the stir in India's industrial life. ner of the land. The political sky, They explain the growing volume of still clouded, has been clearer ever emigration from village to city. Missince, and the cal1se of missions aided sions are faced by the power and thereby. peril of the city problem.

This has been a year of excep- We have evidences of the same tional material prosperity and good silent progress in social reform. harvests have brought forth rapid Without any outstanding event to progress in the Empire's economic rivet the gaze 011 personality or place, and industrial life. Thirty-five thou- Indian women are entering the land sand miles of railways are carrying of liberty. Government is spending 350,000,000 of passengers every year. large sums of money on female edu- cation, and each year witnesses an 4 Any funds sent through the American Board of Boston to W, W. Peet, of Constantinople, will be duly forwarded to me for this work.

A. D. 1913

increase by thousands of girls attend- permanent results will follow. The ing school. Our cities show more leaders. of Islam have been drawn women permitted the freedom of the together in their distresses and have parks, streets, and places of amuse- founded a Pan-Moslem League to ment. In the inner circles of home secure the strength of unity in belife, too, debas'ing customs concern- half of their faith. This stir of ing marriage and widowhood are giv- Islamic life has influenced the policy ing way before the light of fuller of government to an appreciable deknowledge and a growing reverence gree, and the Christian missionary for personality. can not but feel the trend of events is fraught with peril. India has been profoundly moved in her religious thought life. The A larger circulation of God's word growing activities of the reform sects has marked I913 than in any recent indicate both stir and progress. The year. Temperance reform has been Samaj movements, vedic, vedantic, urged upon the notice of the govand unitarian press forwarded into ernment, and His Excellency, Lord Hinduism and Buddhism in their Hardinge, has been the first viceroy preaching of a noble idea of God, in sympathetically to receive a deputatheir demand for a noble ideal of tion of temperance leaders, urging life and duty. "We shall S0011 need the restriction of the consumption of to change some of the essentials of both drinks and drugs. Social evils our faith," writes the leader of a su~h as those connected with the strict Hindu sect. "Social service" white slave traffic have been d,eaH has been a non-Christian watchword with by legal enactments inflicting during the past twelve months. In more drastic penalties on wrongcalamities such as floods, at vast doers. The influence of theosophy gatherings such as ruchas, and at especially in Madras has been furspecial places of pilgrimage bands of ther undermined by the proceedings young men of various creeds and against Mrs. Besant in regard to her races have sacrificed time and C0111- protege Alegone. The roll call to fort and money t6 be useful to their higher service includes such wellfellows. Thus it may be said that known names as Dr. Irving of Allaa larger vision of brotherhood has habad, and Dr. Huntley of Agra and come to many, unconsciousl), guiding it has been an exceptional year for the destiny of non-Christian religious the invaliding home of missionaries, thought life in India to-day. Mis- with a consequent lack of staff to sions in their presentation of the Gos- supply stations already occupied. pel of Jesus are the unac'knowleelged prophets of this eva,ugel of the re- This has been a great year for form movements to the Hinduism of Christian missions. It is too early past centuries. yet to be able to chronicle the numer- ical increase in baptisms from non- We have witnessed a renaissance Christian communities. In view of of the Moslem faith in India. The our present-day movements, of the events around Constantinople have deprest and outcast communities, we influenced the Indian situation very should anticipate the greatest record largely. It is too early to say what of any past year in additions by

baptisms to the church. Presbyte- soon after these words are in print rians, Anglicans, Methodists and Bap- the National Council of Mis.sions for tists are all rejoicing in these acces- the whole Empire-representative of sions. "Coming, coming; yes, they the variotls provincial councils—will are." But the year will be more be sitting to study the problems of memorable for the spirit of fellow- Indian missions from the standpoint ship in Christ that has come to birth. of the whole enterpri:'e. All the Dr. Mott's Indian conferences are forces, Protestant and Syrian, will historic. The Edinburgh Conference be cooperating as never before, for Continuation Committee has justifIed the spread of the Redeemer's King..

its appointment wondrously. Sent by dom. Who can estimate the signifi- that body-and so coming with the cance of this wondrous advance?

credentials of the leaders of the How energy may be conserved, the home-base-he set before the mission- frontal attack on non-Christian faiths aries of the Empire in the early reorganized, the Indian Church given months of the year the possibilities opportunities to develop all latent of cooperation, the need of councils powers of sacrifice and ·service, In- to focus policy and methods, and de- dian leaders thrust forth to take more velop missionary union in institu- responsible and prominent positions tional efforts such as hospitals, col- in both church and missionary ac- leges, schools, evangelistic campaigns tivity, to what extent women ·swork and literature. The seed fell into needs greater emphasis and a larger prepared ground. The Master Him- proportionate expenditure, how litera- self had preceded His messenger. The ture 'and education, medical and in- leaders of the forces in the Empire dustrial effort can be made better to were found to be one already in serve the great evangelistic ideal- prayer life, in desire for fuller knowl- these are the matters to which im- edge of each other, and for the ef- mediate attention will now be given; fective joining up of scattered agen- and that no longer as a divided force cies. So the year closes with per- but a force in which Christ's' prayer manent preliminary organization ac- has visible answer, "That they may complished. Bengal and Assam, Be- be one" . "that the world may har and Orissa, Bombay, Burma, believe."

Mid-India, Punjab, South India, and It is not too optimistic an estimate the United Provinces are the eight to say that 1914 opens with the op- areas into which India and Burma portunity of becoming the grandest have been divided. Ceylon will prob- year of modern missionary history.

ably come in as the ninth. All these year of modern missionary history.

areas have already elected their rep- Will we make the opportunity a real- resentative councils of missions, and ity?

"It is much more difficult to pray for missions than to give to them. We can only really pray for missions if we habitually lead a life of prayer; and a life of prayer can only be led if we have entered into a life of communion with God."-The late Prof. Gustav Warneck, of Halle.

Burma-Present and

BY REV. II. n. COCHRANE, PYAPON, BURMA Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society, ~T HEl JUDSON CEN- indicate results at least equaling any- TEN ARY takes first thing in the past. place among events of religious significance Missionary socIetIes working' JIl for I913. The Ameri- Burma are, American Baptist, Ameri- . can Baptist Mission is can Methodist, English Wesleyan, S. P. G. and Roman Catholic- attempting to raise on the field a cen- American Baptists with their 185 mis- tenary offering of Rs. roo,ooo (over . sionaries on the field, 900 native $33,(00), to be contributed chiefly by churches, about 7o,cxxi church-mem- native Christians. This fund is to bers, and 25,000 pupils in mission be used for direct evangelistic work, schools, being by far the strongest. Christian education, and printing of The largest ingathering during the religious literature. The great cen- year has been among the tribes on the tennial celebration is to be held in China border, where converts have December, at Rangoon, in connection been gained by thousands during the with the annual convention of the past decade.

Baptist Mission. A good number of The Rangoon Baptist College has noted Baptists from America will be made rapid growth, including the present. One hundred and twenty- completion of a fine building for the three mIssIonary sOCIetIes having high-school department, and re- work in India have been invited to ceipt of a gift of $ro,ooo from two send a representative. After the donors in America for a building for meetings tours will be made to points the European school.

of mIssIonary interest throughout The Baptist Mission has opened a Burma, including, of course, the sites new station at Pyapon in the great of Judson's imprisonment, Ava and Irrawaddy delta among a half-mil- Aungbinle. N ative Christ~ans are lion Buddhists.

now engaged in a movement to have One of the strongest missionaries, the site of Judson's prison at Ava set apart for evangelistic work, has marked by a suitable monument. conducted successful campaigns at The "Win One" movement has led several mission stations, in connec- to greater emphasis on personal work, tion with the local missionary. Other resulting in an increase in number of societies, for which the writer is not converts, and in brighter spiritual life so competent to speak, have been in the churches and young peoples' pushing their work with great energy societies. and a good measure of success.

Statistics for 1913 are not yet Many thousands, who have not yet available, but reports from churches broken away from the ancestral re- and evangelists throughout the year ligion, have received Bible instruc-

tion, with a more enlightened con- influence among the people at large ception as to what Christianity really has been over-estimated. In the is, and a weakening of faith in the writer's estimation it is not so much old. There are many who contend a revival of Buddhism as a frantic that education, under Christian in- attempt to stay the tide of Chrisfluences, has been a more potent in· tianity. The Buddhist Young Men's fluence for good than "direct evan- Association, Buddhist secular schools, gelization." It is certain that a new etc., are but attempts to ape mission- Burma is rising, a new generation of ary methods, but really having little men and women who are, in some religious significance. That the commeasure, coming to think for them- mon people never have shown so selves. The British Indian Govern- much interest in Christianity as now, ment is administering the affairs of is the universal verdict of Christian Burma more and more effectively, workers. Missions in Burma are and by officials of higher type, secur., now experiencing the "penalty of sucing to all greater freedom of action cess." Leadership is the great need, as well as of thought. and will be for years to come. This means more men, more money, and The so-called "Revival of Bud- more prayer. dhism" is still in evidence, tho its Opening the Great Closed Land BY KEV. JAMES C. OGDEN, BATANG, TIBET, WEST CHINA Missionary of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society ~T IBET proper is still pedia Britannica, on India paper. The ~ clos~d to the Christian significance of this visit, and of the mISSIOnary, but the royal exchange of gifts is of no small present trend is toward importance. religious and political autonomy, with a modi- Prior to this visit of the Dalai fied policy of exclusion. According Lama to England, Tibet and 11onto the latest reports, the Dalai" Lama, golia had declared independence, and the Pope of Tibetan Buddhism, is in had mutually agreed to assist each England. His presents to the King other in maintaining independence were weapons and saddlery, and are and in propagating Buddhism. Since now in the British Museum. The the recent revolution, China has been royal gifts to the Dalai Lama in- unable to control these two depencluded examples of the best British dencies, and Russia has made a decorative and applied arts. Among treaty with, Mongolia in which the these were a fine telescope, with autonomy of the latter is guaranteed. which the Dalai Lama might vary the routine of the Potala in Lassa by There is to be a conference in Lonwatching the heavenly bodies, and don regarding the Tibetan situation, the eleventh edition of the Encyclo- for the purpose of forming a new treaty with China, which, while recog- nizing the suzerainty of the Republic,

THE GREAT CLOSED LAND

will give the Dalai Lama full ad- ed with his white-faced brother, and ministrative autonomy, and will pro- discovered' his own weakness, and tect his territory from future military narrow policy of seclusion. He no, expeditions. These provisions have doUbt knows that these Englishmen been tentatively accepted in Peking. could have looted and demolished his The Dalai Lama shows willingness to sacred city, but for some reason did agree to proposals which will ce111ent not. his relations with the government of India, and will eJ1able him to main- Following this expedition; China, tain free intercourse with the power inspired by jealousy, began her bloody operations in Eastern Tibet in 1905, A MUD HOUSE IN EfSTERN TIBET, USED AS A MISSIONARY'S HOME that gave him refuge when he fled and carried this war into Tibet before the troops of West China. proper. The Dalai Lama fled to In- The troublesome questions in Eastern dia, and was given refuge in Dar- Tibet, where hostilities between Chi- jeeling. Chinese schools were opened nese and Buddhist leaders have been in eastern Tibet, the telegraph was recently resumed will have the atten- built through Tachienlu and Batang, tion of this conference. and was completed to Chambdo in August, 1911. The Chinese Imperial The Younghusband expedition into Post Office was opened in Batang in Lassa in 1904 was a great factor in May, and in August a route was making Tibet known to the world. opened through Tibet via Chambdo, The Dalai Lama, the politico-religious Lassa, and Gyantse to Darjeeling in ruler of Tibet, thus became,acquaint-

A MISSION SCHOOL CLASS OF TIBETAN BOYS India. Ninety thousand square miles missions planning to work in Tibet in Eastern Tibet were open to mis- and when hostiliti,es cease they will sionary activity, and missionaries and begin workon the borders. Successtravelers explored and mapped this ful missions for: Tibetans have been territory. The Tibetans were vecy j:Qtlductetl .inLeh, L:ittle Tibet; in friendly because the Dalai ' Lama w~t~, protected by England, and mis- It. LARGE TIBETAN PRAYER·WHEEI. sionaries could have traveled free'ly in Tibet proper but for the feSfric- tions placed upon such traver by China, England and Russia. These restrictions were probably wise at that time because of the danger from hostile bands of robbers.

The Chinese revolution came ' and ' made it necessary for Chinese soldiers to be withdrawn from Tibet. Missionaries at Tachienlu and Batang were forced to leave their wellequipped stCltions. The Dal~i Lama again took charge, declared 'war against China, and drove the Chitlese out of Tibet. After China became a republic, she again sent an expedition into Eastern Tibet, but England protested against Chinese soldiers entering Tibet proper.

At present there are a number of

SITUATION IN CHINA

Darjeeling, India; in TachienJu and tive effort in evangelizing this "roof Batang, Eastern Tibet. Roman of the world." Interest is growing. Catholics are reported to be compara- Money is being given in larger tively strong in Eastern Tibet. The amounts, more men and women are combined efforts of missionaries, gov- under appointment and others are ernment officials in India, Indian preparing. One woman has pledged scholars, and others, have produced enough money to build chapels in some very good grammars and dic- six central stations and twenty-four tionaries of the Tibetan language, out-stations. What a challenge! and Genesis, Exodus, Psalms, and Large plans are being made. Great the complete New Testament have things are about to come to pass in been translated. Tracts, books and this arch of Asia. Monasteries must hymn books have been published and be turned int.::> schools and colleges. have been distributed and sold in the Christ will conquer Buddha. We beprincipal cities and towns. lieve that the opening of this closed land IS at hand. There is now a plan for coopera- The Situation In ~ China DY REV. P. W. PITCHER, AMOY, CHINA _Missionary of the Reformed Church in America ITH Dr. Sun Vat-Sen, civil war. So the situation is not so IWI the patriot and hero alarming, at least to an optimist, as of I9II, in exile, with might first appear.

Yuan Shih-Kai, the We recognize the disappointing situation, but let us give the Chinese .1Sl first elected President, credit for what they are trying to do, and at the same time give them from all accounts not our encouraging and sympathetic sup- port. These disturbances will right heartily in sympathy with republican themselves in time, but surely there is sufficient to arouse a spirit of hopeideas, and with a National Assembly fulness. Just think of what has taken place-the tremendous change and Senate split up into demoralizing within the past two years. The 1110st startling and 1110St indicative change factions, the situation in China is dis- of all came in that announcement of this republican government when appointing. through its National Assembly it ap- pealed to all Christian churches in But, it is a big step from an abso- China for prayer in its behalf, on April 27, 1913. It was, we believe, iute monarchy to a free and inde- but another and most convincing manifestation of the spiritual power pendent republic. We should not of Christianity which has taken hold of that people-a power that has been marvel too greatly if those who try to take it in a brief period should Llunder and fall. Such a movement takes time. After all, what is hap- pening in China is perfectly natural, and more or less a repetition of some of our own and probably forgotten history, i.e., the strife and weary seven years of forming our own Con- stitution-ancl the still more trying years of readj ustment after our cruel

working itself out in splendid Chris-' year to the Chinese, bringing, it is tian leadership during recent years. believed, the Gospel message b 20,- And we will not and do not believe 000,000, which in twenty years at that power is on the receding crest the same rate will bring the entire of a wave, but rather its movement 400,000,000 in touch with the Chrisis still forward. tian Gospel. Who can estimate the momentum of such a fact! The Chi- Such movements as were inaugu- nese arc calling for the teaching of rated in 19II do not go backward. Christ. Formerly Christian schools Indeed, 1913 witnessed a mighty for- and hospitals were accepted or tolerward momentum, especially among ated, while that for which they stood the student class-who are to be the was either ignored or despised and future leaders of that great nation. efforts made to stamp it out. But In the conference conducted by Dr.

CHINESE CHILDREN WHO LIKE THE MISSIOl'!"ARIES Matt and Mr. Sherwood E}ldy, over since the revolution, Christianity has 137,000 students listened to the Gos-' been seen in its true light. It is pel message and other helpful lec- inseparable from such institutionstures. Hundreds surrendered them- an integral part of them. It is clearly selves to Christ and to Christian ser- to those men who were avowed vice at the different meetings held in Christians that the Chinese owe their fourteen important centers, while deliverance from the petrified cu,;- over seven thousand pledged them- toms and procedure of the past. selves "not only to Bible study and The future we believe is bright daily prayer, but in most instances with promise. May our Christianity consented to enroll in Bible classes." "be equal to the task." May the Another enlightening and encourag- Christianity of all the churches "go ing item is that the .American Bible to the limit of devotion to the plane Society has sold 2,000,000 Bibles this of Christ."

Lure of Recent

· Literature* BY REV. A. WOODRUFF HALSEY, D.D.) NEW YORK Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign :Missions, U.S.A.

HE mission book is a and dominate the whole Christian fJT missionary. The story of missions as told in conception. recent literature has a ' charm all its own. In "It makes some difference whether we look upon the support of mis- sions as one among many manifes- ~ a large number of vol- tations of a spirit of charity, whether we look upon charity itself as one umes treating directly or indirectly of among many fruits of the spirit, or whether we look upon charity as the work of missions it is difficult to select any number which would be the nature of the spirit and mission- of equal value to all lovers of mis- ary charity as the manifestation of sions. The work done by the mis- the spirit in a world which needs sionary is so extensive, so varied, so above all things redeeming love. And world-wide, that it is not possible for it makes some difference whether we look upon redeeming love as active anyone individual to keep in touch toward us only, or as active in us with all the volumes that relate to the toward others; whether we receive a spirit of redeeming love embracing great movements now going on in the world which is active in us, and non-Christian lands as a result of the proceeds from us, or a spirit of rediligent, Christ-like work of the mis- deeming love which proceeds from sionary of the Cross. God taus and stops there. . . .

A few books chosen almost at ran- "The natural man does not desire the revelation of Christ to the world dom from the goodly number which and in the world. He may desire have recently come to my study table, progress, but not Christ. The desire set forth in clear light the work and for Christ, the desire of Christ in worth of the Christian missionary. the soul, is a certain sign of the The Heart of the Matter presence of the Spirit of Christ. If then a man finds this in his own 1. Missions to-day are causing the soul, he is convinced of the reality church at home to see the heart and of the Holy Spirit's indwelling in his own sou1." core of the Gospel.

A volume just from the press, en- These are well-chosen words which titled "Essential Missionary Princi- the Church of to-day needs to can ples," by Roland Allen, deals en- over.

tirely with this aspect of the mis- Rev. James S. Dennis, D.D., in his sionary movement. In a series of recent volume, "The Modern Call of clean-cut forceful chapters the author Missions," emphasizes another as- brings the reader face to face with pect of the same great truth. The the essential principles which underlie book is replete with illustrations 'These books may be ordered through the REVIEW. A list of publishers and prices is appended

drawn from the author's encyclopedic can race. After a series of chapters knowledge of the modern missionary dealing exhaustively with the whole movement, of how the simple ele- manner of the life of the African, ments of the Gospel are operative in his chapter on "The Progress of on all classes and conditions of men. Christian Missions," Mr. Harris In a striking paragraph he writes; writes: "In the sphere of discovery and "The day has gone by when the exploration; in the development of world could dismiss Christian misbackward races, in the molding of sions in West Africa with a connational life, in the shaping of politi- temptuous sneer, for Christian miscal destiny, in the reformation of sionary effort with its eloquent facts, administrative methods, the training definitely established, can no longer of public servants, the reconstruction be ignored. Of all the forces which of judicial systems, especially among have made for real progress in West barbaric races, the opening of com- Africa, Christianity stands some say mercial doors, the promotion of inter- first, others second, but none can national diplomacy and commercial place it last. To it belongs primarily intercourse, and in the ethical and in point of time at least, the ecosocial regeneration of ancient com- nomic prosperity of the Gold Coast. munities of mankind still moving To it belongs, almost entirely, the slowly and wearily toward a higher credit for the native clerks and educivilization, missions have wrought cated men on the coast. To it the marvelously, and we will discover natives owe their knowledge of usemore and more as time goes on their ful crafts. To one section of the value along these lines of influence." Christian Church at least belongs the honor of having on the spot saved Books of the Down the Kongo natives from extirpation."

2. The mission book of former This has to do with the West days emphasized the low estate of Coast of Africa. The illuminating man. We do not deny that it was volume by Donald Fraser entitled a truthful picture which the poet drew when he declared that in many "Winning Primitive People··-An Aclands "every prospect pleases and count of 16 Years' Work among the only man is vile." In reading more recent books, however, one is imprest War-like Tribes of Central Africa," with the Psalmist's conception of man, "Thou hast made him a little sets before us a series of graphic lower than the angels," and with the possibilities in man. The theme of pictures of transformations wrought many a recent missionary volume among the lowest tribes of darkest might well be: Africa and of a development of na- "Down in the human heart Crusht by the tempter, tive character which a few genera- Feelings lie buried that tions ago would have been declared Grace has restored." impossible. Such a volume as "Dawn in Dark- "As a Christian missionary, I must est Africa," by John H. Harris, is a record the extraordinary advance revelation of the mentality, spiritual- which our religion has made, for, in it, I believe, the hope of the conity and possibility of the whole Afri- tinent lies. While I acknowledge the blessing of commerce, and good gov- ernment, and civilization, I can not see that these by themselves will ever lift a savage people into permanent and progressive prosperity, or eman-

LURE OF RECENT MISSIONARY LITERATURE

cipate them from the degrading su- pamphlet, issued by this worthy perstitions of animism, which only "fellow-helper" of the missionary, enmake the veneer of Western life lu-, dicrous and dangerous. In these re- titled, "Some Roads Toward Peace, 0'

gions the progress that has been is found much stimulating missionary made is built upon a Christian foun- information. "Some Roads To- dation, and the removing of old ward Peace" is the report presented magical and communistic restraints by Charles W. Eliot, President has been accompanied by the crea- Emeritus of Harvard University, who tion of a Christian law and con- writes: science. There is now a church with- in our mission with 8,200 members in "It is impossible for the visiting full communion, besides 8,500 cate- American with any experience in adchumens and 13,000 enquirers. In ministration and its normal difficulthese, through the power of living ties not to sympathize with the few religion, and its continual creation of hundred men who have taken their a new social conscience, and its .ac- lives in their hands and risked their tivity in propagating itself, will be whole careers in trying to build up found the guarantee of the future." a free government in China. What The chapter on "The Wisdom of American could fail to sympathize the People," in which are given racy with men in such a dangerous posi- tion, trying to do this immense sernative proverbs, stories and wise say- vice to such a people? Yet during ings, reveals a mental capacity in my stay in China I seldom met Octhe African that is alluring and in- cidentals long resident in the country spiring. in diplomatic, consular, commercial, "Dan Crawford," in his unique or industrial positions, who manifestvolume, "Thinking Black," and in his numerous addresses delivered in ed genuine sympathy with the revo- America and England during the lution, or any hopeful belief in the possibility of creating a free govern- ment in China. It seemed to me that year 1913, has dealt largely upon this lack of sympathy and hope was the mentality of the African. It has partly due to the fact that most fortaken many years for the Chri~tiall eigners in China live there for years world to recognize that these savages, without making the acquaintance of a single Chinese lady or gentleman. cannibals, men of the forest, of the The merchant may conduct for many jungle, possess mental characteristics years a successful and widespread and moral distinctions of no mean business in China without knowing a order. It is the missionary book word of tIle language, or making the which is revealing to us the possibili- acquaintance of any of his customers. In the clubs organized and resorted ties of the native peoples of the to by English, Americans and other world. foreigners in the Chinese cities, no The Hope for the World Chinese person is eligible for mem:- 3. Each group of new volumes bership. It is the missionaries, which treat of world-wide problems teachers, and other foreigners who labor in China with some philanthropserve to emphasize that humanity's ic purpose, who really learn some- "only hope lies" in the Gospel. The thing about the Chinese. They get volumes issued by the Carnegie En- into real contact and friendlyreladowment for International Peace tions with the Chinese, both educated can hardly be designated "mission and uneducated; while the foreign business men probably remain ignoliterature," and yet in the very latest rant of Chinese conditions and quali-

ties, and Chinese hopes and aspira- comes with the new republic is the tions. The ground for holding to fact that the man who has engineered the hope that it may be possible to the revolution is a Christian. He create a free government in China has the most loyal devotion of the is that the Chinese deserve to be men that have risked their lives with free because they are industrious, him. His influence is seen in the frugal, fecund, enduring, and honest. little loss. of human life that has China will need a long period of re- been allowed by the revolutionaries.

construction, and the Vvestern world There never has been in all the his- ought to stand by China with pa- tory of China such a bloodless revo- tience, forbearance, and hope while lution as this last one. It must be she struggles with her tremendous an omen of gladness to the whole social, industrial, and political prob- nation that Jesus has at last come to lems. She needs at this moment the take His place in the councils of the Chinese equivalents of Benjamin em p ire. Kang-hi, a celebrated Franklin, George Washington, and heathen emperor, in his great im- Alexander Hamilton. May she find perial dictionary that has been in the them." hands of the scholars of China for President Eliot makes very clear the last two centuries and a half, de- fined Him as being 'the Savior uf that he regards the Chinese as a the life of the world.' This silent, great race, "industrious, frugal, fe- unconscious prophecy is at length cund, enduring, and honest," but it being fulfilled in the new thoughts is the missionary who comes into about the preciousness of life that real contact with them, and it is to have come with the dawn of the new the missionary that China looks for republic." help. Yuan Shi-Kai in a personal conversation with President H. H. The thought of the Christian world Lowrie, of the Peking University, is now centered on China, many of said: "I am not a Christian, I am a the denominations are raising large Confucianist, but only Christian sums of money for the extension of ethics can save China, our morality the work; one denomination, the is not sufficient for the crisis." Presbyterian North, having already secured more than $300,000, as an Another volume, entitled "Men and additional sum for China. Manners of Modern China," by J. Macgowan, has numerous illustra- Books on China are mUltiplying. tions tending to show the latent PGS- The very last one which has come to sibilities in the Chinese race and yet my table,. "China Revolutionized," by making clear that China's only hope John Stuart Thompson, is full of good is a civilization permeated with the things. Some idea of the opinion of spirit of the Gospel. Mr. Macgowan the author 01" the subject under conhas lived in China for So years, and sideration can be seen from the folaccording to his own statement has lowing statement taken from the lived with almost every class in the chapter, entitled "Religious and l'iiscountry. His private conviction after sionary China." So years of close association with "I want to write a word of com- mendation of the missionary, for de- traction by some in high places, and this great people is given in the clos- by some authors who write as they ing paragraph of his valuable volume. fly and flit at the ports, is not un- common. The attacks upon missions "One element of strength that in Henry Norman's "Peoples and

THE LURE OF RECENT MISSIONARY LITERATURE

Politics of the Far East,'" and in It is the fashion in many quarters Pumpelly's "Across America and to imagine that missions are not need- Asia," are well known, and have ed in Latin America because for cenbeen repeated by others. One may turies a certain form of Christianity be a cynic at home, and with reason has held sway over the people. "Latin sometimes criticize some pulpits be- America: Its Rise and Progress," by cause they fear the magnate at the Calderon, and "South America," by end of some pews, and color their sermons accordingly. One may in a James Bryce, are in no sense missupercilious way sneer at the seeming lack of personality 111 the mis- sionary volumes, but they throw a sionary candidate, who in a gentle flood of light on the whole question faith stands up in her or his church of the Latin American peoples. If to answer the call: 'Go ye into all with these volumes we read the rethe world and preach the Gospel to port of the "Conference on Missions every creature.' But follow the in Latin America," held in N ew York worker into the China field, and see city in March 12, 13, 1913, the conwhat that call and the altruistic op- viction will be forced on the mind of portunity has done by its very im- the reader that the only hope of mensity. The gentle missionary has Latin America is the development of soon become many things; a brave character based on the pure Gospel. pioneer in exile; a scholar and lin- This report presents a series of guist; an organizer of great power papers by experts, most of whom and tact; a local foreign minister have their information at first hand. of great ability in adapting the West to the East; a scientist; housekeeper, Minna G. Cowan, of Girton Coltraveler, physician, explorer, ethnolo- lege, India, in hel very attractive gist, nurse, orator; the only host of volume on "The Education of the explorers; the most generous of man- Women of India," presses home the kind; an ideal example of what the same great truth. After recounting that the new type of woman is mak- 'Vest should be; the most inspired ing herself felt in India and giving of human beings in self sacrifice numerOilS example:,: of good work and wonderful accomplishments un- done by non-Christian natives, such der difficulties. Their expenses are as a Mohammedan lady of social many; their resources few. Many standing at Bombay opening a school have to live on the slimmest of C011- for poor girls in her house, or an tributions from home, such as the orthodox Hindu lady advocating a missionaries of the China Inland special system of Hindu schools,. or Mission, the Scandinavian Mission, an Arya Samaj widow having a high and the Scottish Missions which are school for half-caste girls in her not rich. own house and numerous other ex- amples. she states her convictions as "Many, like the American ~nd En- follows: ~lish missionaries, receive fair help from home, but spend on their equip- "The problem is a question of charment, and educational and hospital acter, hut of character built upon buildings the money that was due to personal contact with the Christ-life themselves and their families as sal- in God-a question of environment aries. The highly cultureu, brave and curricula, but also of showing president of the N ankin~ University accepts only $1,500 as salary, whereas if he were in America, on a purely business basis he would be expected to demand $15,000 for the same services and expenses of his high position."

that Christianity is of the East, and the people to whom she had minis- Eastern in its spiritual appeal; a tered were loathe to have her go. question of womanhood, but also of One little girl clung to her and re- that more perfect fellowship where fused to give her up. Christ is all and in all. 'Jesus Christ, by the silent action .of a life- "My teacher kept telling her to go time laid the first emphasis on the back, but she kept saying: 'I don't . identity of woman's humanity rather want Hoa Kuniang to go.' Do you than on the difference of her sex, wonder that I think of that little thus both dignifying her and man in darling out there and weep because his attitude to her.' The solution I must go from these people. Home of India's social problem lies in the is very sweet, and I love my dear fulfilment of the Christian ideal, and ones at home, and I thank God that the progress toward it must be a I shall soon see their dear faces united one, in which both sexes share again in this world, but the little alike." girl clutching at that little red work- bag who 'didn't want Roa Kuniang In a delightful volume, "Indian to go' is very deep in my heart, and the race she represents is my 'heri- Medical Sketches," by Charlotte S. tage.' "

Vines, is a chapter on "Christmas As told by Miss Burton, the story Eve," which is the story of the trans- of Dr. Hu King Eng and of Mrs. Ahok, the Christian mistress in a formed Indian home. On Christmas home of wealth, not only is fascinat- Day the young wife goes with a ing but stimulating, leaving the im- present of fruit to the hospital and pression that these godly Chinese women are the forerunners of a race says, "This is fruit for all of you because it is THE GREAT DAY." of Christian women who are to be of untold blessing to the millions of "Do you know why it is our great their suffering and degraded sisters. , day, why we are all happy to-day? To which she replies, 'Yes. My The world knows of the work of husband called us together in the Hepburn of Japan. It is simply and evening and read out of your Holy Book.' Then from heathen lips I forcibly told in this last volume by hear the story, told in very simple Dr. Griffis. language, told as a child would tell it, the story which has changed the The lure of mission literature is world." ever presenting to us the "large sym- There is a lure in such a story. metrical Christian man."

A Cure for Pessimism Some Important Missionary Books Df the Year 4. Missionary volumes drive out "Essential Missionary Principles." Allen. Flemthe spirit of pessimism. ing II. Revell CD. $1.00.

I know of no better antidote to "Modern Call of MiS5ions." Dennis. Fleming H. Revell Co. $1.50. peSSimism than s,.1ch volumes as "Dawn in Darkest Africa." Harris. E. P. Dut- "New Thrills in Old China," by ton & CD. $3.50, C h a r lot teE. Hawes, "Notable "Winning Primitive People." Fraser. E. P. Dut- ton & CD. $1.50. Women of Modern China," by Mar- "Thinking Black." Crawford. Geo. Doran Co. garet E. Burton, and a very recent flJ.;~O~nd Manners of Modern China." Macvolume, "Hepburn of Japan," by Gowan. DDdd, Mead & Co. $3.50. William Elliot Griffis. HChina Revolutionized." Thompson. Bobbs, Mer- When -Miss Hawes was about to ..{~Un&AC;::;"'i~;;5~ts Rise and Progress." Calderleave China for her last furlough, son. Charles Scribners' Sons. $3,00. "South America." Bryce. Macmillan Co. $2.50. "Hepburn of Japan." Griffis.. Westminster Press.

$1.50.

A Twice-born "Turk"–Part

THE REMARKABLE REMINISCENCES OF A CONVERTED MOSLEM SHEIKH TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Nile Mission Press I iA]HMED' the narrator, of the Arab poets to bring a chapter continues: After a like unto it. 'For if all men and s h art time I saw Jinns met together to attempt to Salim looking for the bring the equal of this Koran they Sheikh. When we had should not be able to do it.' Oh, my found him we sat down son, beware of such Satanic sugges- under a tree and after the usual tions."

salutations Salim said to the Sheikh, My father then went on to warn "Will you please tell me how your me against allowing anything to inter- father answered you when you wrote fere with the belief that the words of to him the letter from El-Azhar?" the Koran have been engraved from A Moslem Father's Anxiety all eternity upon AI-Lauh al-Mahfuz Sheikh: A long time has elapsed (the Preserved Tablet).

and I can only tell you what I re- A Bold Reply-The Koran me,mber.* Not 20 days passed before After I had read my father's letter I received a reply from my father as I wrote to him something as follows: follows: "To my highly respected Father: "My darling son, May God Al- "You said that on reading my letter you were consumed with the fire of mighty preserve you from going zeal for the Islam religion. Instead astray in religion, and confirm you of burning with fire would it not in the Sunni creed of the Moslems. have been better to have brought· Amen. forth a few solid arguments to but- tress my faith which threatens to "My love to you is well known. fall. Then you say, 'I took refuge I read your letter and understood it. in God from the evils of Satan.' If From my zeal for the religion of my contention is right and my argu- Islam I took refuge in God from ments are sound, then will it not be the evils of Satan, who has been your remarks that are whispers of leading you astray, as appears from Satan, and will it not be you that your new thoughts about the Holy have gone astray? As for the Koran Book (the Koran), the best of all being the best heavenly book, there the heavenly scriptures, which has no is neither internal nor external evievil or vain discourse, but was sent dence for this statement. down by inspiration from the All "As to the contradictions contained Wise One, by means of which our illiterate prophet challenged the chief *Attention is again drawn to the fact that the in it, I have already written. As to 'our prophet challenging the eloquent Sheikh has added to his knowledge since that time, ;0 that in all these discussions his present account Arab poets,' if the Koran had difis fuller than his original letters.-TRANsLAToR.

fered from the composition of men written in a more eloquent Arabic then we would not find the com- style than those in the Koran!) panions of the Prophet holding con- trary opinions as to whether some "Then with regard to its tedious chapters were composed by man or repetition, see how the story of the were sent down by God, for instance, creation and the stories of Adam, the Fatiha (first chapter) and the Moses, Abraham, Noah, Jesus ana two amulets (last chapters). If the others are repeated many times over. Koran had been given by a miracle, then there would be no verses in it "In every age there are some wri- not conforming to the laws of elo- ters who excel their fellows. Suppose quence, of which your excellency has that Mohammed were the best of mentioned some instances. Again, if his age in one subject (prose) and it had been supreme, the Polytheists one language only (Arabic), is that a would not have been able to say of mark of divine inspiration? Was it as in Surat Furqan, 'And the un- Euclid inspired because he surpassed believers said, Verily this (the Kor- others i~ his "Elements of Geometry" ? an) is nothing but lies which he What of the claim of the Persian (Mohammed) has fabricated.' They Baha Allah's Arabic writings, which also called it in another place, 'Fables riyal the Koran? of the ancients.' "On the ground that all the elo- Is Koran Eloquence Finite or Infinite? quence and rhetoric of the Koran is lost by translation learned men have "Many of the Moslems themselves forbidden its translation into other also deny its surpassing eloquence, languages. But. if we suppose that and others disagree as to in what God sent the P~ophet to all men, respect it is inimitable. . . .' even to the Jinns and the angels, how is it forbidden to translate His Look "It is said that its beauty consists into the languages spoken by His in absolute absence of differences and followers? . . . contradictions in it, in spite of its length, and t{1eir evidence for that is Mohammed Wrought No Miracle a quotation from itself, 'If it had been sent by any other than God "Now you, my father, speak of his then they would have found in it miracles in the plural, from which we much contradiction.' This evidence should infer that you believe that he falls to the ground, since there are worked many miracles. This is from found in it some hundreds of verses the traditions, as, for instance, his which show very clearly that they feeding the multitudes, causing water are mutually contradictory. I have to spring from between his fingers, of . given you many examples in my first which there was sufficient for a whole letter showing that the contraventions army to do their ablutions, the split- in it are to be counted by hundreds ting of the moon, etc., so much so or even by thousands." . that EI-Halabi says that the miracles of Mohammed are beyond count. (The Sheikh goes on to give ex- Others have said that there were amples of contradictions and also 3,000 besides the Koran, while in the quotes an artificial Sura actually Koran itself there were from sixty to seventy thousand. There is a

A TWICE-BORN U TURK"

verse in the Koran which says that "He then asked them if their irlols when Mohammed was asked by the could hear them or benefit them, and idolaters to produce signs to prove they replied: his mission Ar-Razi and other 'Thus have we found our fore- commentators have replied, 'If the fathers doing!'

sending of miracles was a condition, "From this and other examples it then it was only nece.ssary to send appears that the greatest obstacle in one sign, that was the Koran itself, the path of anyone wishing to follow which makes all others unnecessary.' the truth revealed by any prophet has From this it appears that the claim always been the fear of showing his of miracles for the Prophet other forefathers to have been in the than the Koran is not established." wrong.

(He then quotes similar passages "But do you, sir, wi3h that I shuuid proving the Koran to be no miracle, be like these ignorant ones imitating and goes on to show that rhetoric my fathers in whatever creed they can never be esteemed equal to the may have held, whether truth or er- physical miracles wrought by the ror? God forbid. You are noted prophets.) among your friends for your hatred "The wise man looks at the ultimate of conventionality. . . .

end of things and does not too "I ask your fatherly kindness to hastily decide as to the truth of a pray for me that God alone may be religion which he has inherited from my guide in my search for truth.

his forefathers, however wise and As you have invited me to tell you educated they may have been. Nor everything in religious matters, I ex- should he be satisfied with merely plain to you now that I h;!ve divested external evidences, but should inves- myself of every religious convention, tigate for himself impartially, for, as the only thing remaining being belief the saying is, 'Truth is the child of in the existence of the Ultimate search.' Cause; for the proof of the existence Ancestral Fallibility of an All-wise Creator is practically "Do you hold that my forefathers axiomatic. I pray to Him a private were infallible, however intellectual prayer of worship and petition ask- they may have been? God forbid. ing Him to lead me in His own way They inherited their doctrines one of truth. I have now bought a Holy from another, and if the error of any Bible, which is a collection of the doctrine appeared to anyone of them books of the Prophets, and bave he would not go back from it for commenced to read it secretly by fear of loss of standing among his night after doing my studies by day.

fellows. This we know from ex- I have also acql.lired one or two books perience, altho the imitation of one's such as 'Al-Milalwan-Nihal' (Re- progenitors in the matter of religion ligious Sects).

is blamed in the 'Koran in a number "In conclusion, I beg your merciful of passages. The idolaters blamed excuses for all that I have written to Abraham when he asked them: you, my only object being the searcll ~What do you worship?' after truth. May God preserve you 'Idols,' they said. to us. Amen."

Selim: You made the argument of all men, that He may make your stronger in the second letter than in faith perfect." the first, and I admit you have proved everything clearly. Corruption of the Scriptures Sheikh: My father was practically I answered my father thus: convinced of the non-miraculous "My respected Father: After kiSScharacter of the Koran and the ab- ing your noble hands I would like to sence of any miracle attributed to say that I have received your letter Mohammed, but he took refuge in and have carefully read it and found the charge of corruption of the if incumbent upon me to answer you. Scriptures. "As for your objection to my reac:- ing the Scriptures because you think The Father'. Reply that the Jews and Christians have altered them, this i.3 a charge which After 20 days another letter came can not be substantiated either canonito me from my father to this effect: cally or intellectually. Having regard, however, to the numbers of verses in "My son, I was glad to receive the Koran which mention the Tonrat your letter and to find so much clear (Law) and the Injil (Gospel) I debating and strong proof of what make the Koran the arbitrator, unyou hold about miracles and the Kor- dertaking to abide by its decision, you an, but I was grieved to learn that also agreeing to the same. I have you have divested yourself of all re- extracted from the Koran, after two ligion, halding only tpe existence of nights' reading, certain verses refer- God, which is not sufficient for the ring to the Jews' corruption of the salvation of the soul from everlast- Scriptures. ing perdition. I join with you in your private prayer asking Him to Do yoU wish that they should believe in guide you to the right way. As for you while a party of them were hearing the your remark that you are giving your- Word of God and corrupting it? (Cow: self to reading the Bible secretly, do not waste any time reading it, es- 75.) pecially as your time is valuable, for I know that the stories of the proph- "Among the Jews are those who displace ets collected in it have been talll- (Tahrif) the words." (Woman: 45.) See pered with by' the Jews and Chris- also Table: 14, 44. tians. They have altered and substituted, added to and taken fro111 it, "Now Razi says that the alteration altering both word and meaning. Not of the text of the Tourat and the that I say that everything in it has InjU is not held by the theologians, been abrogated, but I warn you for these two books had become so against the false doctrines in" that well known and the chain of tradition book. If anyone else discovers so strong, that it would be very diffiwhat you are doing it will lead to cult to do so, but they (the Jews j your ruin. In any case, I ask you were giving a false interpretation of to keep me acquainted with all your the meaning. Bukhari and others doings. There is no refuge but in have agreed with him. plenty of prayer to Him among the fingers of whose hands are the hearts "Now Tahrif may be held to mean either the alteration of the text, or of the meaning. If we look impar- tially into the above verses, and re- member that the Tourat and the Injil

9 1 4] A TWICE-BORN "TURK"

had been circulated in all parts of man to be Pharaoh's Prime Minister, the world in various languages at the and Pharaoh to be the builder of the time of our prophet, not forgetting Tower of Babel, etc. If we ask any the care of the Jews for their book in one which of the two books is wrong, counting its letters and its very points we at once say that the 'Koran claims many times; then if we also look at to have been sent to confirm the the enmity between the Jews and the Bible which came before it. It,. how.; Christians, we see the impossibility ever, disagrees with it in many of of a mutual agreement to corrupt the the stories by adding to or taking books of their religions. from them, and contradicts many of the judgments, etc. "Look also at the numerous verses in the Koran which say that it came (3) I have found in the Bible to confirm the previous Scriptures many wonderful bits of wisdom, eswhich were with the Jews and the pecially the Books of Proverbs and Christians, describing them as 'right Ecclesiastes and in the New Testaguidance,' etc., Mohammed himself ment, which bear a good deal of rebeing told to ask the people of the semblance to the Mohammedan tradi- Scriptures when he had any doubts tions, so that anyone might think about anything. Then God promised the latter had been quoted from the to preserve the Dhikr (His book) former. I have started to collect tofrom alteration and corruption. vVe gether the chief resemblances. therefore find that he who holds the corruption of the revealed Scriptures Selim: But what led you to speak is opposed to all reason and denies to him so boldly? the Koran and him who brought it. Think of that!· There is no need Sheikh: My friend, at that time I for me to enlarge upon it. May God felt a strong impulse urging me to preserve you. Amen." take any risk in order to find the true religion. I was like a man who Koran Quotations From the Bible had lost everything that was of worth in this world, but who had a strong Not many day~ passed before I fol- hope of being able to discover truth lowed up this letter with another giv- so that nothing should be able to ing what the Scriptures had revealed ultimately hide it from him. Thereto me of things which I had not pre- fore I was not afraid of anything viously thought of. Some' of them that my father might do, for I had remain in my memory. made a compiete sacrifice of every object other than that of finding the (I) That the verses in the Koran truth. which mention the creation of the heavens and the earth, sun and moon, This was, however, nothing cometc., etc., have, in most cases, been pared with what happened to me in quoted from the Holy Bible. Dumyat (Damietta, Egypt) and whal also happened to me in Tripoli, Beirut (2) By comparing the Bible and and Damascus. My father used to the Koran I have found certain his- say about me, "This boy is bold in torical mistakes in the latter, such as speech and will find that his tongue m;:tking Mary, the mother of Jesus, will get him into trouble." to be the daughter of Amran and· the sister of Aaron, and stating Ha- ( To be continued.)

BY REV. HENRY OTIS DWIGHT, LL.D., NEW YORK Recording Secretary of the American Bible Society.

~I N spite of the fact that scattered by a colporteur. Rev. Mr. there are to-day more Rosensky, pastor of St. Paul's Bibles and portions Polish Methodist Church in Milwau- published each year kee, writes: "This church is the than there were in ex- child of the American Bible Society.

istence two hundred It began this year to contribute to years ago, there is yearly an increase that society and will continue to do in the demand for the Scriptures. so as long as its 'mother' lives."

The American Bible Society has nine Another instance is cited by Mr. Top- agencies in the United States and ping, a Baptist missionary in Japan, twelve in foreign lands, and the who describes the way in which a British and Foreign, Scotch and other colporteur lays the foundation of new societies are also doing vigorous and churches in neglected districts. He efficient work. The demand for asks, "Shall I call these Bible So- Bibles is especially impressive m ciety churches?"

China. Both the American and the The total issues of the American British and Foreign Societies report a Bible Society at home and abroad sudden and extraordinary increase in last year were 4,049,610 Scriptures circulation, and last year each of and portions in 84 limguages. These these two societies issued over are distributed by 428 workers in the 220,000 volumes more than the pre- United States and 8ro in foreign vious year. This demand shows it- lands-a total of 1,238 persons, of self among the rich and the official whom 990 are regular colporteurs.

classes as well as among the poor The aggregate issues of all the laboring classes. In the field of the Bible societies in the world which Levant Agency of the American So- print the Scriptures, so far as is ciety, which includes the territories known, amounted in 1912 to 15,- involved in the war between Turkey 902,396 volumes. It is somewhat sur- and Italy, and the disastrous war be- prizing to note that of this aggregate tween Turkey and the Balkan States, 14,309,157 volumes were printed by the number of copies put in circu- the three great Anglo-Saxon socie- lation was nearly 35,000 more than ties. The issues of the British and the number reported the previous Foreign Bible Society were 7,899,502 year. volumes; those of the National Dible Every year brings new testimony Society of Scotland, 2,359,985 voi- of the power of the Bible to grip urnes, and those of the American the hearts of men of every race. Bible Society, as mentioned above, trace their 'origin' to the Scriptures 4,o49,6ro v 0 I u me s-I,444,oo(l of trace their origin to the Scriptures which were in English.

OF BEST

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK Author of "Love Stories of Great Missionaries, n "Adventures With Four-Footed Folks," "Holding the Ropes," etc.

PRACTICAL PLANS FOR THE YEAR New Belrinnings for Mi.sions it was a wide-spread custom to set apart the first Monday in the year EW YEAR'S DAY (in some localities the first Sundayj as a day of fasting and prayer for fNl ~hroug~out the vvorld the conversion of the world. Much 15 a time of new be- of the success of missions in those ginnings. In the Oc- early days of difficult and dangerous cident the idea of pioneering was directly traceable to turning over a new these and other stated periods of inleaf and beginning with a clean tercession. Many of the remarkable sheet is largely a matter of senti- revivals in Fidelia Fiske's school in ment. In the Olient it is a stern Urumia began on or soon after the necessity, enforced by law and re- first Monday in January, when Mary ligion. Only those who settle their Lyon and her girls at Monnt Holyoke accounts with the gods and pay theIr were on their knees praying for the debts to their fellow men dare face little seminary in Persia. In other the new year with peace and enter parts of the mission field also it was upon its festivities with joy. found that times of refreshing began simultaneously jVith the day of in- Quaint old Thomas Fuller was in- tercession at the dawn of the year. clined to censure those who waited to begin their amendment on the first Beginning with 1858 an entire day of the year. "I see no day equal week at the beginning of the year to to-day; the instant time is the wa~ set apart for prayer for missions. fittest time," was his wise and true This was in response to the call, iscontention. Yet no one can afford sued by the Ludhiana Mission of to let the New Year pass without the American Presbyterian Church some effort toward betterment. in the autumn following the awful Indian Mutiny, to "all God's people This is true of missionary socie- of every name and nation" to unite ties as well as individuals. No or- in an annual week of prayer for the ganization is wise that fails at New conversion of the world. The plan Year's time to look carefully over met with immediate response and its record for the past year and to was widely adopted with beneficent introduce new features that will tend results. But by and by tlK Church toward better results in the future. at home became selfish and spent so much of the week in praying for Beginning the Year with Prayer herself, that she lost sight of the missionary motive. Two days of the In the old days it was the practise of the Church to devote much time at the beginning of the year to prayer for missions. For many years

week of prayer are still reserved for and the birth of Livingstone in 1913, prayer for missions, one for home, and the jubilee of VI/oman's Societies the other for foreign, but very few in 1910 and 19I1, have each con- churches make use of the topics as- tributed to the rising tide of mission- signed. ary enthusiasm, and the Judson cen- This is a custom-the setting apart tennial, now in progress, promises to of time at the beginning of the year carry it still higher. The Layman's for definite prayer for missions-that Missionary Movement, born at the needs reviving. What will you and Haystack Centenary, and the post- your church do about it? jubilee campaigns of the Woman's Missionary Anniversaries of 1914 Societies have enlisted thousands of Keeping anniversaries is one of the men and women who hitherto cared best ways to arouse interest in any little or nothing for missions.

cause or person and conserve the in- No missionary society can afford fluence thereof. Secular educators to lose the impetus that comes from understand this and have made great joining in the celebration of anniver- use of it in colleges and schools. The saries such as these, no matter in Church, too, is beginning to realize what denomination they occur. They the value of it. are the common property of the Much of the present advance in whole church and in the keeping of missions is due to the jubilees and them there is great reward. The cen- centenaries that have followed closely tenary of the American Baptist Mis- one upon another during recent years. sionary Society occurs on May 18, The wide publicity given to missions and every society, Baptist or other- on these occasions through pulpit and wise, should devote at least one meet- press has molded public opinion and ing to the story of Adoniram and raised missions to a higher plane; Ann Judson and the peculiar provi- and the recital of the heroic d~eds dences of God that led to the estab- of the early pioneers has begotten a lishment of the Burman mission and new spirit of enthusiasm and devo- the organizatio)1 of the second great tion throughout the whole Church. missionary society in America.

The centenaries of Carey and the Nor should the lesser anniversaries Baptist Missionary Society in 1892, of the year be forgotten, even tho the London Missionary Society in an entire program can not be de- 1896, and the Church Missionary So- voted to them. In the keeping of ciety in 1899 with their great meet- them, as of the more important onc'5, ings and fine output of literature there are great possibilities of brought the 19th century to a fitting kindling fires of interest and enthusi- close and prepared the way for the asm and planting missionary pur- great missionary revival now ill prog- poses in human hearts. The Mora- ress. In the new century the cen- vians understand this and through- tenaries of the Haystack meeting in out their wonderful history it has 1906, the American Board in 1910, been a great source of spiritual the sailing of the first American mis- power. In July, 1876, while the sionaries to India in 1912, the Wes- United States was rejoicing over its leyan Methodist Missionary Society lOoth birthday, the Moravians at

OF BEST METHODS

Paramaribo were celebrating the cen- January tenary of an event, insignificant in the eyes of the world, but great in I, IBS4-New Year's Prayer-meeting, at the sight of God and the hrethren-·- the lOath anniversary of the bap- Ongole, India, 60th Anniversary. See tism of the first negro convert in the mission in Surinam. "It was charac- MISSIONARY REVIEW, January, 1911, page4S. teristic of the Moravian habit of ranking spiritual interests before all I, IB74-0nening of the First Hospital for others that this event should be commemorated by a centenary observ- Women in the Orient by Doctor Clara ance," says Dr. Thompson in "Moravian Missions." "The church at SwaiTJ, at Bareilly, India, 40th Anniver- Paramaribo, which seats 2,400 persons, was decorated with palm sary. See "Western Women in Eastern branches and garlands of flowers and was thronged with worshipers at Lands," by Mrs. Montgomery. each of the three services that were held commemorating the event. The 31, 1834-Completion of Judson's Bible, Te Deuln was sung in Negro-English; the document recording the 80th Anniversary. See "Life of Adonibaptism-nearly destroyed by action of the climate-was brought out and ram Judson," by Edward Judson. read; and the occasion closed by the Brethren entering anew into a coven- February ant to maintain mutual love and love to the Savior upon that opening of II, 1889-Granting of Religious Liberty in a new century of Christian labor." Japan, 25th Anniversary. See "History In 1909 the MISSIONARY REVIEW published each month a calendar of of Missions in Japan," by Otis Cary. important missionary events occurring during the month with suggestions 22, IBI4-Charles Rhenius sailed for India, and material for celebrating one event each month. These could be used looth Anniversary. See "Men of Might with advantage by any missionary organization during the coming year. in India's Missions," by Holcomb. The following list of special anniversaries occurring during 1914 is March herewith given in the hope that many Sunday-schools and societies will I, IB54-Hudson Taylor landed in China, commemorate them, if not by a pro- 60th Anniversary. See MISSIONAR~ REgram, at least by some mention in the way of a story, a motto, a Scrip- VIEW, September, I90S, page 656. ture lesson, a prayer, or something appropriate to the occasion that will II, 'rB89-0pening of the Sharada Sadan, impress it on the mind: Ramabai's Home for Hindu Widows.

See MISSIONARY REVIEW, April, 1904.

21, 1844-Birth of George Leslie Mackay, 70th Anniversary. See "From Far For- mosa," by G. L. Mackay.

2B,IB49-Martyrdom of Christians in Madagascar, 65th Anniversary. See MIS- SIONARY REVIEW, March, 1909.

2B, IB74-0pening of the Martyr Memorial Church in Madagascar, 40th Anniversary.

See same as above.

29, 1739 (Easter Sunday)-Baptism of Ka- jarnar, First Moravian Convert in Green- land, I7Sth Anniversary. See MISSIONARY REVIEW, March, 1910.

April B, 17B4-Birth of Gordon Hall, I30th Anni- versary. See "Men of Might in India's Missions," by Holcomb.

IB, IB74-Burial of Livingstone in West- minster Abbey, 40th Anniversary. See MISSIONARY REVIEW, April, 1909, or any Life of Livingstone. .

28, IB34-Jason Lee Began Work in Ore- gon, Both Anniversary. See "Missionary History of the Pacific Northwest."

May IB, 1814-Founding of the American Baptist Missionary Society, Iooth Anniversary.

See "History of Baptist Missions," by Merriam.

IB, 1834-Birth of Sheldon Jackson, 80th Anniversary. See "Life of Sheldon Jack- son," by Stewart or Faris.

June 8, 1824-Judson Seized at Ava, 90th Anni- versary. See "Life of Judson," by Ed- ward Judson.

9, IB34-Death of William Carey, 80th An- niversary; See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Field," by Walsh or any Life of Carey.

II, 1744-0rdination of David Brainerd.

170th Anniversary. See "Life of Brain- erd," by Sherwood.

28, I834-Martyrdom of Lyman and Mun- Map Trips Around the World son in Sumatra, 80th Anniversary. See "Encyclopedia of Missions." Maps are an important adjunct to missions. It was teaching geography 28, I794-Birth of Allen Gardiner, I20th by means of maps in his little school Anniversary. See "pioneers and Found- at Moulton that turned Carey's ers," by Miss Yonge. thoughts to missions and studying geography at school in N ew York .!9, I864-Consecration of Samuel Crow- city sent Eliza Agnew to Ceylon. Our ther, the First Black Bishop of Modern Lord taught that "The field is the Times, in Canterbury Cathedral, 50th An- world," and while pastor of Brown Iliversary. See "Life of Samuel Crow- Memorial Church in Baltimore, Dr. cher," by Page. John Timothy Stone, the present Moderator of the Presbyterian Genjuly eral Assembly, kept a large globe .standing on his pulpit as a silent re- 18, I864-Neesima Sailed for America, 50th minder of this truth. Anniversary. See "Life of Neesima," by Maps have great power to focus Davis. attention and inspire interest, as 26, I864-Death of Fidelia Fiske, 50th An- every worker, especially among chil- dren, well knows. At the Schenec- niversary. See MISSIONARY REVIEW, May, tady County Sunday-school COilFen- rgo9· tion last October, Dr. W. J. Swart, a 28, I764-Birth of Samuel Marsden, Isoth medical missionary from Siam, told Anniversary. See "Pioneers and Found- of holding the attention of a group ers," by Miss Yonge. of boys for several hours one even- ing in a home where he was staying, August by pointing out on a map of the 1, I834-Death of Rotrert Morrison, 80th wotld the places he had passed through while en route from Siam Anniversary. See "Modern Heroes of and telling them stories about them. the Mission Field," by Walsh. The boys were so fascinated it was hard to get them to bed. 1, 1834-Emancipation Began to Take Ef- fect in the British West Indies, 80th An- At Silver Bay last July, Miss niversary. See "New Acts of the Apos- Susan C. Lodge, of Lansdowne, Fa.• tles," by Pierson. president of the Philadelphia Branch of the 'Noman's Foreign Missionary 14, I3I4-Lull Crossed to Bulgia, There to Society of the Methodist Episcopal Meet Death as a Martyr, 600th Anniver- Church, told of a map trip around sary. See "Life of Raymond Lull," by the world that had aroused great in- Zwemer. terest in her Sunday-school. Mr. W. G. Landis, superintendent of the 22, 1864-Completion of the Arabic Bible. school and secretary of the Pennsyl- soth Anniversary. See "Fifty-three Years vania' State Sunday-school Associa- in Syria," by Jessup. tion, having been appointed a mern· ber of the commission to the Orient September in connection with the World's Sun- 22. I884-Horace N. Allen, First Resident Missionary Arrived in Korea. 30th Anni- versary. See "Korea, the Hermit King- dom," by Griffis.

October 26. I834-Arrival in Canton of Peter Par- ker. First Medical Missionary to China. 80th Anniversarv. See "The Uplift of China." by Smith.

November First Sabbath, r864-Baptism of the First Jaoanese Convert, 50th Anniversary. See "History of Japanese Missions," by Cary, Vol. 2, page 56.

20, r839-Martyrdom of Tohn Williams, 7.-th Anniversarv. See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Field." by Walsh.

December -, r82d-Kapiolani Defied the Fire-gods of the Crater of Kilauea. 90th Anniversary. See "Transformation of Hawaii," by Brain.

5, 1834-Titus Coan S8iled for Hawaii, 80th Anniversary. See "Encyclopedia of Mis- sions."

25. r8r4-Samuel Marsden Preached his First Sermon to the. Maori Cannibals and Started the New Zealand Mission, loath Anniversary. See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Field," by Walsh.

day-~chool Convention at Zurich last Missions," one inch and a half summer, the school obtained a copy of his itinerary and followed him square, may be obtained from the around the world by means of a large map hanging in the Sunday- Woman's Board of the Northwest, school room. Each of Mr. Landis' stopping-places was marked by a Presbyterian, Room 48, 509 Wabash small flag and a short talk given about the people he was seeing and Avenue, Chicago, Ill., for 25 cents.) mission work among them. The itinerary for such a trip This is an excellent plan that could be used to advantage, not only in should start with the United States the Sunday-school but in the Young People's Society also, during the Sun- (if the school is located there) and days of an entire year or a portion of it. It need not occupy more than should include both home and foreign five minutes a Sunday and the information gained and the interest TI11SSlOns. At each stopping-place aroused would more than justify the expenditure of time. Very few something should be told about the schools are fortunate enough to have a 'superintendent on a tour around mlsslOnary. Usually a short story, a the world, but an imaginary itinerary can be planned by the missionary quotation, a favorite hymn or Bible committee; or, as Miss Lodge suggesteq, the itinerary of Mrs. Mont- text will make a deeper and more gomery and Mrs. Peabody or Dr. Samuel B. Capen or some other lasting impression than an extended prominent person or persons could be used. biography. The following list of An adaptation of this plan might great missionaries covers most of the also be used to teach the names and stations of 52 great missionaries, one mission fields and all of the leading a week during the year, the idea being to make a map-trip around the denominations. Other names may be world visiting places made famous by their work. The requisites for this substituted, and denominational misplan are a large map of the world, a list of the missionaries, and 52 flags sionaries may be used entirely if deor knots of ribbon to be fastened to the map at the various stopping- sired. There is no better way than places. Small pictures of the missionaries may also be used to ad- this to teach the names and stations vantage if the map is large enough. (Portraits of the 50 missionaries in- of the -missionaries working unde! cluded in the game, "Who's Who in one's own board, tho the trip can not be made quite so attractive with these on account of the difficulty of ob- taining interesting material: United States-John Eliot, David Brainerd, David Zeisberger, Marcus Whitman.

Canada-James Evans, Egerton Young. Labrador-Wilfred T. Grenfell. Alaska-William Duncan, Sheldon Jackson. Mexico-Melinda Rankin, William Butler. South America-Allen Gardiner. Hawaii-Titus Coan. Japan-James Hepbnrt1. Guido Verbeck, Joseph Hardy Neesima. Formosa-George Leslie Mackay. Korea-Henry Appenzeller. China-Robert Morrison. Peter Parker, Hudson Taylor. Tohn Kenneth Mackenzie, Joseph Schereschewsky. Mongolia-James Gilm'mr. Burma-Adoniram Juoson. India-Bartholomew Ziegenbalg, Christian Frederick Schwartz, William Carey, Alexander Duff, James Thoburn, John Everett Clough, Pandita Ramahai. Cevlon-John Scudder (also worked in In- dia), Eliza Ag-new. Persia–Henry Martyn (also worked in In- dia), Fideli'l Fiske. Arabia-Ion Keith-Falconer.

Turkey-Cyrus Hamlin, William Goodell. as good for grown-ups as for chil- Syria-Cornelius Van Dyck, Henry H. Jes- dren, perhaps even better. Such a map hanging in the prayer-meeting sup. room of the church would be an in- Africa-Theodosius Vanderkemp, Robert spiration to the congregation and will have great educational value, especial- Moffat, John Ludwig Krapf, David Liv- ly if the ll,1arking of the stations in ingstone, Samuel Crowther, Alexander the various fields forms one feature Mackay, James Hannington. of the programs of the monthly mis- New Zealand-Samuel Marsden, George sionary meetings of the church. Augustus Selwyn. South Seas-John Williams, John Coleridge Our Own Mission Fields Patteson. New Guinea-James Chalmers. "The Missionary Survey" for No- Fiji Islands-James Calvert. vember, 1913, prints the following bit New Hebrides-John G. Paton. Greenland-Hans Egede. of rime contributed by Mrs. J. M.

Information about these mISSIOn- Williams, of Wesson, Miss., who has found it helpful in teaching the aries may be found in biographies, juniors the mission fields of the Southern Presbyterian Church-their the Encyclopedia of Missions, and own denomination. Tho they can not use it as it stands, workers in files of the MISSIONARY REVIEW. other denominations will filld !t sug- gestive: "Fifty Missionary Heroes Every Boy A is for Africa, dark as the night; and Girl Should Know," by Julia H. B for Brazil, still groping for light; C is for China, a land far away; Johnston (Revell, $1.00), and "Who's C also for Cuba-it waits for the day; Who in Missions," a card game ] for Japan-some day Christ will win; K for Korea, weary of sin; (Sunday-school Times Company, 50 M is for Mexico-great is its need; cents), will be found very helpful. o workers, go hasten to scatter the seed!

Still another adaptation of the map- Bulletin-Boards trip idea (one that was used with Is there a missionary bulletingreat success by the writer some board hanging in your church-vesti- bule? I f not, it would be a good years ago in a mission band of girls plan to put up one and begin its use on the first Sunday in the year. If from eight to sixteen). is to take a you can't get the board in time, begin by tacking bulletins to the wall with map-trip around the world for the thumb-tacks, and procure the board· as soon as possible thereafter. purpose of visiting the various fields in which one's denominational mission ·Wherever the bulletin-board has had a fair trial, it has proved an efboard is working. A large map of fective way of advertising missions. Hung in a conspicuous place in the the world is necessary for this, pref- vestibule, few persons who attend the church services will lail to stop, erably one that is put out by the for a moment if not longer, on the way in or out, to see what is on it. denominational board and has the stations marked on it. A brief stop should be made at each station; its location marked by a tiny flag, a bow of bright ribbon or merely the bright, brass head of a paper fastener; and some brief item of interest should be given about the work.

At the end of a year in which this plan has been followed, it will be found that the map has acquired a new value, for it will be possible to tell at a glance just where the board is at work, and how many stations it has in each field. The plan is quite

OF BEST METHODS S7

The board itself can be made of than the customary printed lists of inexpensive wood, stained' to match new books.

the woodwork or covered with burlap 3. Clippings from the daily papers in harmonicus tint, and finished with having a bearing on missions. In a narrow molding and hangers of "Missionary Methods for Sunday- some sort. I f there is some one in school Workers" (StJpday-school the congregation who can make it Times Company, 50 cents), Mr. Trull (preferably a boy who has had a gives some very clever suggestions course in manual training and whose for making these news items more interest can be enlisted thereby) the effective.

cost will be almost nothing. 4. Lists of questions on the con- If the committee put in charge is tents of some missionary magazine, wide awake and fully alive to the such as "The Clues to the Contents"

possibilities of the bulletin-board it printed each month in the JlvhSSJON- can be made a great power. Every ARY REVIEW; week should find something new on 5. Effective charts or small maps it-something radically different from the week before. There is such an colored or shaded to bring out cerabundance of material available and tain striking facts. These may be so many clever ways of putting it, found in almost all the mission study that there~ will be no trouble about books.

6. Quotations from great mission- securing variety. Here is a list of aries and testimonies to the value of things that may be posted on it: missions from great travelers and statesmen. I. Announcements of forthcoming meetings, in the form of attractive 7. Portraits of great missionaries posters, if possible. These should and striking pictures of scenes and have the right of way. It was while events in missionary lands, such as stopping for a moment to read the announcemep.t of a missionary mcet- "The Burning of the Opium Pipes ing posted on a bridge at the little in China," printed in the "Literary town of vVarrington, England, that Digest"; "Six Thousand New Testa- ments for Distribution among the Robert Moffat heard God's call. Police of Tokyo" (piled up in the 2. The outside paper cover of the form of a large cross) in the "Rec- latest book added to the missionary ord of Christian Work," November, library. This is the best way to ad- 1913, page 756; and "Contrasts in vertise new books. In the Public Womanhood in India," MrssIONARY Library of Schenectady, New York, REVIEW, April, 1913. Portraits of whence this suggestion came, it has missionaries and quotations printed long been the custom to pin the in suitable size for bulletin-boards paper covers of new books to a large may be obtained from the Missionary burlap-covered screen standing in the Education Movement, 156 Fifth center of the entrance hall. Almost Avenue, New York.

everyone stops to examine them, 8. Anniversaries of great events in and many 'go in at once to ask for missionary history presented in some the books. Mr. Glenn, the librarian, novel and attractive form.

regards it as much more effective 9. N otiees of articles of a mission-

ary character found in secular maga- obeying our Lord's command to pray zines or papers, and chapters of es- for laborers that should not be omitpecial interest in missionary books. ted. That this day, so sacredly ob- served in days gone by, is still ob- 10. Late neWs from the mission served in a majority of colleges, is field, clipt from missionary maga- a matter for rej oicing ; that it has lost zines, accompanied by pictures, if so much of its early significance and possible. power, is a cause for sorrow.

WILL ACT AS BEST MAN AT THE In one of the older Eastern col- WILSON WEDDING leges that has an enviable record for the number of ministers and mis- DR. W. T. GRENFELL. sionaries that in its early days were Special Dispatch to Commercial Tribune. trained within its walls, the number of those who enter the sacred calling NEW YORK, Oct. .3I.-Dr. Wilfred T. for either pastoral or missionary ser- Grenfell, medical miSSIOnary to the fisher- vice is now quite small. An elect men of Newfoundland and Labrador, has lady whose father waS for more than arrived here. He will act as best man at 40· years pastor of what was rethe wedding of Miss Jessie Wilson, daugh- garded as the college church, and ter of President Wilson, to his friend, who has herself been in close touch Francis B. Sayre, at the Nhite House next with the college during a large part month. Dr. Grenfell has known President of its history, was asked if she Wilson's prospective son-in-law for many could give any reason for the falling years. Mr. Sayre was secretary to the mis- off. Without a moment's hesitation, sionary in Labrador and has also con- she replied: "It is due almost entributed largely to the mission fund. tirely to the fact that we no longer observe the Day of Prayer for Col- The Day of Prayer for Colleges leges as we used to do. There used to be long seasons of pr.ayer in the January 22, the day of prayer for college chapel and aU-day meetings colleges, affords an opportunity for for fasting and prayer in almost all the churches. We asked God to raise up ministers and missionaries among the students and He did it."

In view of the great need oi laborers, not only on the mission field, but in the homeland where there are so many pastorless churches, mis- sion~ry organizations of all kinds would do well to keep the day, if not in special session, at least by appoint- ing a prayer-hour to be kept by the members in private at home.

"Ye have not because ye ask not.·' EDITORIALS MISSIONARY PUBLICITY Asia. This directory may be ob- MODERN inventions and modern tained free of cost to travelers in methods are being more and the East by writing to one of the more harnessed to the chariot of Missionary Boards. The small vol- God in the interests of missionary ume contains much of real interest progress. Formerly a few interested and value to every traveler and gives friends met at the wharf to say fare- besides a list of the various mission- well to one or two devoted souls ary agencies and activities in the who with "their lives in their hands principal cities of Asia and Egypt. and their hearts in their throats" :his publicity will no doubt greatly went valiantly forth into the lands 1l1crease the demands upon mission- of darkness and death. To-day aries but it should also help forward there are farewell receptions, dinners the work they are doing. and conferences where hundreds say God-speed to parties of from twenty The missionary light is not "hid to one hundred out-going mission- under a bushel" and the things that aries. Then long, weary, lonely these men and women are doing are journeys, full of danger and discom- not done so much "in a corner" as fort marked the pathway of those they were 50 years ago. To-day who were going out "to prepare the way of the Lord." Recently a everyone may know, if he will, of special car was chartered to carry missionaries from Chicago to San the real character and value of Francisco and on one Pacific Mail the missionary's service to mankind. S. S. company's vessel there were Their manner of life, the character fifty-seven missionaries-one-fourth and results of their work, the nature of the first cabin passengers-outward of the native Christians and the ex- botlnd for the Orient; and no one tent of Christian missionary influence suggested that their presence brought are manifest. Results in political, so- ill-luck to the steamer! The Presby- cial, intellectual and physical as well terian Board alone sent out nearly as in religious life show the power of Chri:;t. To-day he who runs may read and he who reads may run and tell the news to others.

roo new and returning missionaries last year and over 40 have g'One out THE LOUIS MEYER FUND under the Christian and Missionary I Alliance-an undenominational so- T is contrary to our rules to pub- lish appeals for individuals how- ciety only 25 years old. These num- bers as well as the high quality of ever deserving and needy they may the men and women going out have be. We cannot refrain, however, of COurse attracted considerable atten- from calling attention to the fund for tion on land and on the sea. the family of our late esteemed co- Another modern advance in the in- editor, Dr. Louis Meyer. His de- terest of publicity has been the plac- voted and self-sacrificing life may ing of missionary libraries on board lead many of God's stewards, and of steamships bound for the Orient. others blest by his ministries, to help Now a new step has been taken in supply the pressing needs of the the publication of a "Tourist Direc- yidow and orphans. It is through tory of Christian Work in the Chief human channels that the Heavenly Cities of the Far East, India and Father cares for His suffering chil- Egypt." This is an excellent idea dren. Friends may correspond with and leaves the traveler no excuse Mrs. C. T. Rounds, treasurer of the for ignorance of the amount and fund, 1425 Solon Place, Chicago, character of missionary work in Illinois. TOPICS FOR 1914 July- The Islands of the Sea and – MANY readers of the REVIEW de- Australasia. sire a list of monthly topics Arctic Missions, Alaska, Lab- rador, etc. that will help them in their programs Sunday-school Missions. for meetings during the year. Some excellent suggestions in this line will Augl1st- be found in OJ,l.r Department of Best Papal Europe. Methods this month. The news of Roman Catholicism. the Kingdom is so varied and chang- ing, and the March of Events so Immigrants in America. rapid that we can not predict the Bible Distribution. leading topics that will be treated each month. It is our plan, however, September- to cover the world field during the Japan, Korea, Formosa. year and to give prominence month Shinto. by month to the various mission Medical Missions. fields, the religions and the methods Young People's Societies. and problems of missionary work .at The American Indians. home and abroad. As a general guide to these topics we publish the October- following monthly tOpics: Moslem Lands. Islam. January- Laymen's Missionary Nork. The World Wide Survey. Christian Literature. A Review of the Year. The Church at Home. November- Literature of Missions. South America. Frontier Missions m Amenca. February- Voman's Vork. The Chinese Republic. The Mormons. Tibet, Mongolia, Manchuria. Confucianism and Taoism. December- Orientals in America. Russia and Greece. Greek, Armenian and other March- Mexico, Central America, Oriental Churches. Vest Indies. The Jews and Judaism. City Missions and Social Ser- Missionary Finance. vice. This list of topics may also serve The Anti-Vice Crusade. to suggest the date for articles sub- Unoccupied Fields. mitted to the REVIEW for publication. Ve welcome all such contributions April- and will give them as prompt atten- India, Burma, Ceylon. tion as possible, returning those un- used and paying ·for those accepted. Hindustan, Jainism, etc. Articles fo!' publication should reach the Editor not less than two months Educational Missions. in advance of the desired date of May- pu blicatiol1. Siam, Laos, Malaysia. The types of articles most desired Buddhism. Missions to Lepers: are those that show signs of mission- Philanthropic Agencies, Re- ary progress, new and successful lief Work. methods of work, special needs and problems, life stories of missionaries June-· and native Christians, practical me- Africa and Madagascar. thods of arousing and interesting the Fetishism and Animism. churches at home, inspiring incidents Neg-roes in America. Industrial Missions. and examples, and the true character of non-Christian religions as re- vealed in their literature, religious customs and practical results.

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS Interdenominational Cooperation there will be given a favorable response. In this connection, mention ONE of the most pleasing features should be made of the joint action which is being carried on at the train- . of foreign missionary enterprise ing college for Indian Christian women in Calcutta, where lady work- 1ll recent years is the growing interde- ers, quite irrespective of ecclesiastical differences, are working most happily nominational cooperation, and that together."

~ithou~ 0e sacrifice of any distinc- tive princIples. The Christian World of London, speaking moofstthries cemnat t tienr~ says: "One of the stances of this sensible and economical What a Dollar Will Do rapprochement appears in the decision LITTLE Allen was keenly inter- of the Wesleyan Missionary Society ested in the experience of a rela- to unite with the Baptists in the theo- tive of the family who had been lo~ical classes of the Calabar College, fifteen years in India. He wanted to Kmgston, Jamaica. This, following help, but he had so little. He won- upon the opening of Serampore Col- dered what a dollar would do. The lege in India to all sections of Chris- missionary soon returned to her home.

tians, both as to its teaching staff and He would send her the dollar and its students-a step of which .advant- ask her .what it could do. After a age is being duly taken-is certainly time he received a reply showing all to the good. The most remarkable "what a little boy's doIIar did" in case of this cooperation is, in the having paid for the IJfinting of copies opinion of many, to be found in Delhi, of the following circular: where Anglican missionaries have not 1. Keep a child from starving for 50 only handed over a hostel to the Bapt- days.

ist missionary, but have invited him 2. Feed and clothe an orphan for 25 to take part in the work of their col- days.

lege and to give Scripture teaching. 3. Pay for the education of an orphan In China, too, for some time, with for 25 days.

. every satisfaction, the Baptist Mis- 4. Feed a poor widow for a month.

sionary Society and the Ameri- 5. Furnish a teacher for untaught children 2 weeks.

can Presbyterian missions have 6. Send out a Bible woman for 2 weeks acted together in the Theological when she may brighten 50 homes and and Normal College in Ching Chu Fu, 200 souls.

and at Wei Hsien and Chi-Nan-Fu, 7. Send out an evangelist for 1 week who may reach at least 14 villages and 1,400 souls. . Baptists and Angelicans have joined 8. Send out a colporteur with the Bible in the arts and medical institutions. for 12 days. On the Kongo also the English and 9. Buy 50 copies of the Gospel in any American Baptists are working to- language.

gether in the native training college 10. Buy 12 New Testaments in any at Kimpese. Another illustration of language. 11. Buy 3 Bibles in any language. this cooperation is presented in a pro- 12. Se~ in motion incalculable influposal to establish a united steamer ences. transport for Protestant missions on Why Give to Missions Weekly? the Kongo, an appeal having been REV. A. F. McGARRAH gives the made to the Baptist Missionary following five reasons for weekly Society to undertake the task, an giving to missions: appeal to which, if practicable,

I. It is scriptural. It is an act of The Divine Will is there, the one worship and should be a part of each principal purpose in the affairs of public service. Ps. ¢: 8. mankind. The only thing lacking is the instrument, which must be the 2. It is of untold advantage to the Church. When each one, and all in giver. Brings him into a closer and the Church, shall find that "spirit of more vital fellowship with his Lord wisdom," the spirit of willingness and Savior; makes business a spiri- and of "a sound mind," that shall tual service; leads to more earnest give all gladly, being "rich toward consideration of other duties to his God," and shall be able to receive needy brothers; causes larger interest bountifully and ready to administer in and more study of missions; stirs wisely, then shall great opportunities up to more diligent and more earnest find us ready to meet them simply, prayer; proves a moral help against gratefully, grandly! dishonest business methods during the week (for who dare offer God NORTH AMERICA that which is unclean?); causes an increase of the ease of giving; and Salvation Army Progreas means increased prosperity for the giver. T HE recent visit to America of General William Bramwell Booth 3. It is of great aid to the minister. calls attention to the wonderful Because it does away with appeals and growth of the Salvation Anny. Gendiscouragements at their frequent eral Booth is the leader of an army, failure. which with its affiliated agencies, numbers over a hundred thousand 4. It is desirable for the Church. men and women. By his authority Enables the rich and the poor to give some 82 periodicals are issued, scores according to their ability, and causes of industrial homes and schools, shelan increase in benevolence from 100 ters for women and children, hotels to 500 per cent.; gives it a right to for men, and farms for the "down the blessings promised, for obedience and out" are maintained. The Salvato scriptural principles and methods. tion Army has an annual revenue from its industries and from volun- 5. It is almost imperative jar the tary contributions of $30,000,000. welfare of the missionary cause. Like his father, the present Gen- The Real Difficulty eral Booth is what may be called a benevolent despot. The property and W E think in such large figures the policy of the Army, even the de- now-a-days that the title of a termination of his successor, are unrecent article in The Christian Intel- der his absolute control. ligencer "Why Do We Not Have $100,000,000 for Missions?" is not so Bible Teachers' Training·school and startling as it would once have been. The writer, indeed, says that we Missions should have $500,000,000, and outlines a possible distribution of such T HE Bible Teachers' Trainingan amount, showing that the field school of New York has been could absorb, and find good use for, taken as a model by the Nanking such a sum. The only reason why School of Theology, the Fuchau the Church does not have such large Union Theological School, and the amounts of money at her command Memorial Bible School of Seoul, must be that she can not be trusted Korea. It is a school that emphasizes with them. The need is there, for a thorough knowledge of the Bible the Gospel was given for all and and a practical use of its teachings in these have it not. The means are Christian work. Missionaries 'On furthere, within the Divine power; and we lough or in course of preparation atmight easily figure that they are, even tend the school, and a strong student now, in the hands of the Church. volunteer band of about fifty has been

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

organized. Missionary lectures are land purchases, etc., total $500,000; given, and there are now on various but this is the equipment for 31 staforeign fields 302 former students of tions, hundreds of out-stations, and this school. makes possible more efficient and far- Student Volunteer Convention reaching' work of the presenL force of T HE next quadrennial convention of missionaries. . the Student Volunteer movement is to be held in Kansas City, Mo., De- Much, therefore, is still to be done cember 3I, I9I3, to January 4, I914. in the remaining year and a half of the carnraign.

These conventions have always been The Methodist Missionary Funds gatherings of remarkable inspiration METHODIST Episcopal benevoand power. Two thousand ,or more lence has now reached $5,000,- students gather from all North Amer- 000 a year. It is divided among: the ica and speakers of national and inter- Board of Foreign Missions, $1,500,- national reputation bring messages 000; the women's foreign work, from the Word of God and from the $92 5,000; the women's home work, world of God. The general secretary $7°0,000; the general home work, $I,- is Mr. F. P. Turner, 600 Lexington 400,000; and the balance made up Ave., New York. by the smaller societies. At the The Presbyterian China Campaign meeting of the Foreign Board held in November, it was shown that re- T HE Presbyterian Board over a ceipts for regular work last year year ago undertook a three-year were about $50,000 more than the campaign for funds and men, which preceding year, and a debt of $138,- should enable the Board to send out 000 was reduced to one of $90,000. a hundred new missionaries, and add The women gave to foreign work needed equipment for the efficiency and increase of the work. last year $110,000 more than on any previous year. Converts on the so- The committee in charge reported called heathen fields are giving toto the General Assembly last May that ward their own support $850,000 "more than $300,000 have already a year. It was decided at this meetbeen pledged, and about forty men and ing of the foreign board to send adwomen have oftered themselves to go ditional missionaries at once into to ,China. The China campaign as Mexico, and try to prevent further carried on last year not only did not uprisings. interfere with the other benevolences Rescue Mission; Unite of the Board, but so far as can be I judged from the testimony of pas- Nmost cities the work of rescue tors and elders in whose churches the missions has been conducted on campaigns were held, were a great independent lines and has centered spiritual benefit to the Church and around the personality of the leader.

community." But the passion for organization, It should be noted, however, that, which is one of the distinctive fea- deducting vacancies filled, and the tures of our time, has taken posses- number needed each yeai" by way of sion of leaders in this line of ser- reenforcement, the additions to the vice also, and the latest "Interna- staff are only about twenty, or one- tional Union" is one of Gospei Mis- fifth of the new missionaries re- sions. This took form in N ew York quired. City last aut1:imn, and Mr. Sidney The requests from the China mis- 'Whittemore was elected president.

sions for property equipment, includ- Representative mission workers ing school, academy, college and semi- from the principal cities of the nary buildings, churches and chajJels. United States and Canada make up institutional churches and evangelistic the board of trustees, and il is headquarters, hospitals, residences, planned to hold a convention 111

Cedar Rapids, Iowa, next spring. A Campaign Against Polygamy Local federations are also being or- THE United States Congress is at ganized. The main object of the last confronted with a compre- Union is to arouse the churches to a new and deeper interest· in this hensive and unavoidable issue on the form of Christian effort. As one of question of polygamy. Congressthe leaders puts it, "the workers in man Gillett of Massachusetts has Gospel missions do, in a special and offered in the house an "eighteenth amendment" to the national constipeculiar way, represent some of the tution in the following form: fundamentally distinctive features of the Christian religion." "Section I. Polygamy shall not exist within the United States or Moral Victories in Texa. any place subject to their jurisdic- tion. HE ministers in the churches of T Austin, Texas, haye achieved a "Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by apgreat moral victory over commercial- propriate legislation."

ized vice in their city, which is hav- The legislation required to stamp out polygamy is a matter to coning the effect of a moral revival sider later; the thing in view now is to make sure of bringing the whole throughout the state. The united subject under federal jurisdiction.

Protestant pastors conducted a pub- Noone will dare oppose this prin- ciple; even in Utah, in the present licity campaign of newspaper ad- state of public sentiment, the Mor- mons themselves will not dare say vertising quite on the lines made fa- openly that this is a bad addition to the constitution. Undoubtedly they miliar in Atlanta, backing these ap- hope for a time when they could fight such a proposal openly and dipeals to public sentiment by much rectly, but at present they would venture nothing more than arguing preaching on the subj ect and by that it is not necessary.

mass meetings in the churches. Sus- The effective answer to that argu- ment "It is not necessary," is not in tained by a bare majority of the proof that the Mormons are practis- ing polygamy, but rather that they council, the mayor issued an order teach that polygamy is the Ideal marriage state, and that they exclosing the vice resorts of the town pect eventually to obtain the legaliza- tion of it. October 1st. To fortify the city The Call to Indian Students against the danger of a reaction, the THE American Indian delegates ministers have secured the coopera- at the World's Student Chris- tion of influential laymen in the tian Federation at Mohonk last June sent out the following call to Indian organization of the Austin Anti- students in North American schools and colleges: Vice League, which already has a "Ve earnestly express as our conmembership of hundreds, rapidly in- viction, attested by the knowledge of our respective tribes and our several creasing. • personal experiences, that the one fundamental need of the Red Men All this development of sentiment 'is Jesus Christ; that the Indian race will achieve a greater glory or will in Austin has attracted attention in other cities of Texas, and in Dallas the Council of Churches has had a busy time with the fight on the "reservation." In the summer it in- vited before it the police commis- sioner and discust with him the abolition of the district set aside by the city commission for vice. He refused to abolish it." The council gave him and the city notice that the first work of the churches this autumn would be a battle royal on legalized vice. That battle has stirred the city and it has resulted in doing away with what has been a long-established institution.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

vanish from the earth according as had a monopoly of the island for it receives or rejects Jesus Christ; nearly 400 years.

that in Him only is to be found that SPANISH AMERICA. power that saves from the vices, greed, gross materialism, and selfish- A Notable Convert from Romani.m.

ness of modern civilization, and that B0 R N in Spain, for over 30 leads to the glory of a blameless years a Franciscan monk, now a Indian womanhood and manhood. Presbyterian missionary to his na- tive land-this is the outline of the "In view of these indisputable life story of Dr. Juan Orts Gonfacts we bid every Christian student zalez. He was one of the distinto stand with us, and to take heart guished scholars of his church, for as never before. And we call upon seven years president of a college, all Christian agencies working in and the recipient of unusual honors Indian student centers to strengthen and privileges. Among these was their hands in the endeavor to lead permission to read prohibited books. students to a personal adherence to His reading led him to question Jesus Christ and to foster all in- some of the main doctrines of Rofluences working for a settlement of manism, and further doubts were Indian problems along the lines of created by the discovery through Christian statesmanship."

Missionary Giving of a Canadian travel and study that far from Church Roman Catholic countries only be- T HE Sherbourne Street Methodist ing truly civilized and really pros- church of Toronto, Canada, sets perous and happy, as he had been a noble example by contributing readily persuaded to believe, both in the past and to-day the Roman twice as much to missions as to Catholic religion has always been accurrent expenses during the year companied "by the ignorance, poverty, decadence and ruin of the peoples ending September 30, 19I1: Total which have profest it, and that the for local church pttrposes, $12,075·- Protestant religion, on the contrary, 16; total for direct missionary work, $20,004.02; total for city mission- has been associated with the pros- perity, civilization, and uplift of ary and extension work, $2,104.21; every country and nation which has total for connectional funds (edu- followed its doctrines." cational, superannuation, etc.), $2,- 678.80; total, $36,806.1g. The fig- This remarkable man was so in earures giv.en above do not include nest about attaining to holiness and building fund subscriptions, nor pri- peace that for more than ten years vate givings to educational or be- he whipt himself daily except SUlJ.- nevolent work. The report shows day or holy days until the blood a decrease of $1,000 in current ex- came. In a recent article in The penses and an increase of over $2,- Continent, he draws attention to 000 to benevolences over the pre- what he believes to be a serious danvious year. ger.

Churches in Porto Rico There is already in the air not A C H U R C H c ens u s of both only the possibility but the strong Pro t est ant and Romanist probability of an American Roman churches in 23 municipalities, con- Catholic federation, beginning with taining 40 per cent. of the popUlation Canada and extending to the end of of the island, shows a total Romanist Patagonia.

attendance of 8,094; of Protestant, Catholic papers and Catholic bish- 8,870, an excess of 776 in favor of ops have often spoken in the highest the Reformed churches. Protestant terms of praise of such a policy and mission work is hardly 10 years of have indorsed it heartily. If a po- age, while the Church of Rome has litico-religious federation is formed,

then 110t only will every Protestant The English Church Army movement in Spanish America be THIS organiz.ation, patterned after crusht but even in this country the SalvatIon Army, is little Protestantism will be handicapped and the nation become entangled. more than 30 years old, yet it has so grown as to require 40 secretaries The Papacy in Brazil in its five-storied headquarters. Its annual budget amounts to $920,000. THE Correia Paulistano, a morning Its 400 evangelists and officers and . paper. of Sao Paulo, Brazil, pub- its 300 sisters work in cooperation hs~~~ on Its front page some scathing with the state church. Seventy cntlC1sms of the abuses which have preaching vans of the Church Army overtaken the Roman Church in cross England in all directions. In Brazil. They are the more striking London it carries on homes for outwhen their source is considered. casts, and similar institutions in 35 provincial cities. In its charge are "Catholicism has a great advantage numerous other institutions: a model over Protestantism in having an exter- farm for out-oF-works, homes of nal worship. External worship is as various description, numerous disnecessary to religion as scenery is to pensaries, a hospice for tuberculous the drama; but everything in this life children, etc. The Army is thoroughis liable to transformation and de- ly evangelical in character. It terioration. Perhaps, only in Portu- preaches the need of a real re-birth, guese Africa, under the influence of of holiness in heart and life. From the burning Libyan winds, is it pos- it the parish clergy are provided with sible to find devotion so sincere, and experienced evangelists, colporteurs, at the same time so noisy, as in Brazil. nurses and women misisonaries. It is incredible that in a city which calls itself highly civilized, the police and its authorities permit festivities AEnlisting the Young for Work which have nothing religious about WESLEY GUILD in England them, and only serve to augment the has reached a membership of criminal register." (iS2, with a junior guild of 500 boys EUROPE and girls. The lookout committee T A Wealeyan Centennial has mapped out every part of the HE British vVesleyans have been church and assigned a definite task celebrating the beginning and to each worker. No stranger ever progress of their foreign missionary gets away without an invitation to work. The beginning was a hundred attend the guild meeting. The whole years ago, and the record of achieve- neighborhood has been visited. As ments through the century was a soon as the Sunday-school boys and just and adequate cause of rejoicing. girls reach the age fixt for enter- The celebration had been planned to ing the guild they are welcomed and include a great gathering at Vest- made to feel at home. The junior minster in the new Central Build- guild is, of course, the great feedingings, and a simultaneous celebration ground of the older society.

in all the districts and circuits 'fHE CONTINENT throughout the land. It was ar- Protestantism in Europe ranged that on Sunday evening at 7 o'clock, the congregations in all the HE report of the Continental chapels, from Wesley's in London T Mission to the Irish General As- to the tiny wayside chapel in the re- sempIy says this about the progress motest hamlet, should bow for a of Protestantism on the Continent: moment in silent prayer, and then "The French Protestants have now rise to sing: "All hail the power of surmounted the temporary acute dif- Jesus' Name," to the tune "Miles ficulties created by the Separation Lane." Act, dissolving the connection be-

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tween Church and State:. . . They He is one of the most brilliant and have now a considerably larger in- successful writers of the present day, come from the free will offerings of as his book, entitled, "The Quest of the members than they formerly re- the Historical Jesus," witnesses. Havceived from the State. . . . Evan- ing had the matter of becoming a gelistic work is being carried on missionary upon his mind for some more extensively and vigorously time, he studied medicine, and has than hitherto. . . . And a farther now gone at his own expense to the and cheering factor in the situatiofl French Kongo-his work, while indeis that more and better men are of- pendent, to be closely affiliated with fering themselves for education for that of the Paris society. The funds the ministry. which are supporting Dr. Schweitzer have been secured through his gifts as "In Italy the influence of Protest- a musician. He is known throughout antism is seen, not merely in the Germany as a brilliant organist, and members enrolled in the different perhaps the greatest authority upon churches, but also in the spread of the music of Bach. The British spiritual life, and of a ·desire for re- Weekly speaks of him as ."a tall, form inside the Church of Rome. broad-shouldered man in the late thir- The cultured Italian modernists find ties, powerfully built. He has a pleastheir spiritual nourishment in Protest- ant dark eye, dark hair, worn rather ant literature; our latest books are short, with no suggestion of the diletto be found in their private libraries, tante, features blunt but well cut, with either in their original language or the strong chin of the man of action; in translations; and in their writings, the whole personality keenly alive and in their sermons, in their modernis- magnetic." tic utterances, the influence of French Protestant literature, es- Hospital Pledged for Albania pecially, is evident." REFERENCE was made in the Moral Decline in France December number of the RE- VIEW to the great opportunity be- A GROUP of Frenchmen declare fore the American Board in Al- ,," that a brutal appetite for bania, and it is a cause for thallks- . pleasure has been intensified in giving that some steps are being France; that scandals, crimes, sui- taken to meet it. At the annual cides and madness have multiplied. meeting of the American Board in They have posted statements to this Kansas City Miss Ellen M. Stone effect with reasons for the decline of pleaded for the Board to take postheir national power, on walls session of Albania in the name of throughout their country. They Christ. Learning that the Prudenstate that in the past few years more tial Committee had authorized the than 350,000,000 obscene papers and raising of a fund of $65,000 for pamphlets and IO,OOO,OOO filthy postal pushing the work in Albania, with cards and photographs have been cir- trembling voice she said: "This is culated in France. Besides these, it just the sum you paid for my reis said that thousands and thousands lease when I was captured by brigof excitements to debauchery from ands. You paid $65,000 to save one music halls, cafe chantants and real- American woman. Will you not do istic plays, have contributed to this as much to save a nation?" It was awful condition. If "we sow the a thrilling moment. wind we shall reap the whirlwind." After an address by Rev. C. T. A German Scholar as Missionary Erickson, of Albania, a home mis- siona,ry pastor from North Dakota RELIGIOUS and academic circles arose and headed a movement to in Europe are deeply stirred by raise $10,000 to build a Christian the going out to Africa of the famous hospital in Albania. The following German scholar, Dr. Albert Schweitzer.

cable message was sent from the cussion of questions of curriculum, meeting to the Albanian Govern- training of teachers, the use and abuse ment: of text-books, physical training, com- ity, salaries, relations with the govern- "Kaimal Bey, President, Avlona. ment, and Sunday-school work. The American Board of Missions in annual meeting assembled, profound- The Les.oD of the Balkan War ly sympathizes with Albania. May God speedily send peace, prosperity MR. FRANKLIN E. HOSKINS, and the triumph of national right- a missionary in Syria for 30 eousness. A modern hospital pledged years, speaks with authority of con- for Albania." ditions in that part of the world. He says, in a recent letter: "While each The following reply was received: nationality has had its champions to "American Board of Missions, Bos- uphold the one and defame all 'the ton. Thanks for dispatch. Please rest, it is more than certain that present the gratitude of the Albanian everyone of them has a story of people and government to the Ameri- barbaric crime and outrage. But it can Board for past and future fa- is equally certain that some have re- vors. Ismail Kemal, President of ceived much more of the blame than Provisional Government of Albania." they deserve. The Greeks have done the most looting and burning, the ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS Servians next.

Planning a Campaign "There is one lesson (of the Bal- kan War) written large for all who As a result of an educational con- are interested in Protestant Missions. ference in Beirut, Syria, in Austrian, Russian, and Turkish in- 191I, the Missionary Educational fluence have done their best and Union of Syria and Palestine has been their worst to keep Protestant mis- formed. The aim is to afford oppor- sions out of the Balkans. Austria tunity for cooperation among educa- has represented the most cruel and tional workers in these lands. The des pot i c influences of Roman first regular meeting was held in J eru- Catholicism. Russia has represented salem July 31, August I and 2, with the most archaic form of the Chris- the Rev. W. S. Nelson, of the Ameri- tian Church, while Turkey has for , can Presbyterian Board, as chairman, centuries represented the undying and Prof. W. H. Hall, principal of hostility of Islam to these con- the Syrian Protestant College, as sec- quered yet forever rebellious provin- retary. Later, officers were elected ces. These converging and hostile under the constitution adopted for a influences playing upon the confused term of two years, as follows: Mar- tangle of races, religions, languages, shall N. Fox, of the Friends' Mission, and century-old blood feuds, have chairman, and Miss M. C. Warburton, produced a seething mass of warring of the British Syrian Mission, secre- aspirations and expectations that tary-treasurer. The British Syrian defy the best effort of civilized Mission Schools, Church Missionary Europe to separate or reconcile Society, Church of Sootlan<;l. Mission them." to the Jews, Danish Mission in the Orient, Dufferin and Proctor Memor- From none of these peoples or ial Schools, Friends Foreign Mission governments can we expe~t much Association, Irish Presbyterian Mis- but opposition to Protestant missions. sion, J ebail Settlement, Jerusalem and the East Mission, London Society for A Constantinople Y.M.C.A. Promotion of Christianity among the Jews, Presbyterian Board, Syrian A YOUNG "'MEN'S CHRISTIAN Protestant College and a number of ASSOCIATION has recently other missions and schools were rep- been opened in Pera, Constantinople, resented. The subjects included dis- and is meeting a long-felt need, as is evidenced not only by the verbal

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assurances of scores of men but also undertakings; for building~; for by the way they come to the rooms home expenses; and last, but by no and use the various privileges. There means least, for philanthropic and is scarcely an evening hour in the humanitarian service especially in week when some class 01' literary emergencies of famine and plague, society is not in session. There are there has passed not less than $10,- already 64 men enrolled in the En- 000,000.

glish classes, which meet four times The Transformation Wrought a week. Several men are enrolled for classes in French, German, Tur- T HE change is not so much of in- dividuals as of the whole popukish, Greek and English and French lation-their style of living, their stenography. moral and social ideals, their capacity for progress. Hinduism itself is un- The Association might lay a fair dergoing a transformation. It is reclaim to the term "Cosmopolitan" as verting to all that is noble and great there are no less than I I nationali- in its ancient religious literature. The ties included in its membership. Most determining factor in selection from that vast mass of sacred books is of these members find in the reading room papers and magazines in their evidently the presence of Christianity own languages.-The Orient.

INDIA and the recognition of a Christian What Indian Missions Have Cost standard. The most popular religious book in India to-day is the Bhaga- A CCORDING to Rev. R. A. vad-Gita; and this beautiful poem Hume, it is absolutely impossible has been called out of its obscurity to give any exact or even any ap- and neglect because it offers a sin- I proximately adequate estimate of gular parallel to the main idea of what amount of money has come to Christianity. Krishna is presented India through 41 American and as the incarnation of Brahma, call- Canadian missionary organizations. ing his worshipers to himself, and But the pioneer organization which promising them, by way of contemleads in celebrating this hundredth plation and devotion, eternal life. anniversary of the coming of the Happily, the poem contains much first American missionaries, viz., the beautiful teaching. To have induced American Marathi Mission, is able to India to make the Bhagavad-Gita the make a fairlv correct pecuniary popular scripture of educated men is statement. Th~ books of its treasur- one achievement of Christianity.- er show that through the hands of the representatives of this single DR. HAIGH. American organization, for the di- A Remarkable Testimony from India T verse items of expense for outfit, HE late Maharajah of Travan- core had the reputation of being passage, support and furloughs of missionaries; for the training and one of the most learned of all mod- employment of large numbers of In- ern Hindu princes. When a young dian agents, largely Christian, yet, man, he used to give lectures to partly non-Christian; for direct spiri- the young men of his own country.

tual work; for many scores of edu- Altho he himself never accepted cational institutions of many grades Christianity, yet he said these strik- in which tens of thousands of Chris- ing words about the Bible: "Where tian and non-Christian boys and girls do the English people get their have received a sound education; for knowledge, intelligence, cleverness a large amount of original and trans- and power? It is their Bible that lated literary work in books, maga- gives it to them; and now they bring zines, newspapers, tracts, etc., etc.; it to us, translate it into our lan- for hospitals, dispensaries, and guage, and say, 'Take it, read it, ex- varied work; for advanced industrial amine it, and see if it is not good.'

They do not force it upon us as of the new bridge at Sara, Governthe Mohammedans did their Koran, ment was coIlecting six thousand but they bring it saying, 'This is children, whose heads were to be what raised us; take it and raise buried under the foundations. The yourselves.' Of one thing I am con- same report was current at the time vinced, that, do with it what we will, when the Jubilee bridge was being oppose it as we may, it is the Chris- built at Naihati; and has its origin in tian's Bible that will sooner or later the belief that the gods are angered work out the regeneration of our by the bridging of the river and the land."-The Bible in the W orId. interference with the current, and can only be appeased by sacrifice. A Oddities of Oriental Languages vehicle in which an unoffending Ben- gali was going to Howrah Station AN article in the Bible in the W orId, was stopt on a mere rumor that by Sir George A. Grierson, illus- he was a collector of children; he trates some of the language difficulties was beaten and the vehicle ruined. of the Far East. There are languages, iThen such reports can find accepsuch as Shan (used in Burma), in tance in Calcutta, what can be exwhich no word consists of more than pected in the rural districts!"- The one syIlable, so that one word has to do Harvest Field. duty for several ideas. The speakers help out the meanings of these words The Dancing Girl Cur8e in India by singing them, so that, to take an example, ma, ma, ma, ma, ma, m'eans THE attention of our readers has (if to be properly intoned), "Help the been drawn several times to the horse! A mad dog is coming." Hkai, laudable efforts of the British Govhkai, hkai, hkai, is sung so as to mean, ernment to improve the condition of HI wish to seIl mottled eggs"; and pa, the children in India, especially the pa, pa, pa, pa, pa, to mean, Aunt went girls (see MISSIONARY REVIEW, 19II, toward the jungle with fish slung on pp. 7II and 947). We are glad to her shoulder." notice that the question of Muralis or dancing girls attached to Hindu tem- Ignorant Opposition in Calcutta ples (who it is well known are almost without exception leading immoral T HE growth of universities in In- lives), is now engaging the atten- dia should not make us forget how tion of government. In South India small a proportion of the popUlation there are hundreds of Hindu temples is, after all, touched by the higher to which these devadasis or "hand education, and what a powerful hold maids of the gods" are attached in superstition has upon them. From large numbers, and any well-con- Calcutta, the home of the Bengali sidered step to reduce the baneful babu, who so boasts himself of his fruits of this hateful institution learning and his culture, comes the which is in no way connected with following item: Hinduism will be welcomed by the thoughtful section of the Hindu HAnticipating the Juvenile Offen- community. The Mysore governders' Act, the police last month took ment have banished dancing girls from the streets of Calcutta a nU111- from temple worship in the religious ber of children who were employed institutions throughout the state, and as beggars, cigaret sellers, etc., and nobody has ever sugge>'ted that the sent them to the Refuge, a home for action of that government was an the homeless poor of all creeds, interference with the religious usage castles and ages. This action was of the people, and there is no reason laid hold of by certain mischievous why what has been achieved in Mypersons as proof of the truth of a sore should be impossible of accomreport which has been in circulation plishment elsewhere in India. -that in order to ensure the stability

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Tibetans Seeking Knowledge tened w.ell to the Gospel." Mr. Podin FOUR Tibetan young men, sons held eight meetings and gave to each of high officials, and some Tibe- prisoner personally a New Testament. tan lads from Darjeeling, have sailed There were men among the prisoners to England, in charge of an English- who had never heard the story of speaking Tibetan, for education at Christ and Him Crucified, and all the government's expense. They will creeds and nationalities were represtay in England for ten years, sented. studying language, handicrafts and law. It is hardly more than a But the very next day he visited generation since similar notices could the second prison in Tomsk, with 908 be seen in our newspapers of Japan- inmates. It was of quite a different ese youth coming from their closed kind, with men who could not be let and isolated land. Ve observe also together, because among them were that a cinematograph company, fin- prisoners who had committed heavy anced and managed solely by Tibet- crimes. There were many, also, conans, has been organized at Kalim- demned to hard labor, hands and feet pong. It starts presently for Lhasa, in chains, who looked into a dark and giving exhibitions en route. Among hopeless future. There were women, the films is one of the English Coro- also, who had committed grievous nation. sins and crime. The story of Mr. Podin's visit to other prisons in Si- In Siberian Prison. beria reads similarly, revealing a dark picture of gloom and despair, into T HE reports concerning the state which fall the rays of hope and light of affairs and the treatment of from the Gospel which he preaches prisoners in Siberian prisons usuaUy to these men and women, and places speak of cruelty and barbarity, of . printed into the prisoners' hands. He utter desolation and hopelessness, so visited more than 23,000 Siberian that it is refreshing to read in Evan- prisoners in I9I I.

gelical Christendom of Mr. Adam CHINA Podin's visit to the great prison in Tomsk, in which he preached to about Union Movement in China P I,600 inmates. He says, "This prison RACTICAL progress has been made by the different denominacould be called the model prison of Russia, and perhaps it would not be tions in China toward union in re- too much to .'lay a model prison of ligions, educational, and humanitarian the world. The Governor was like a work. At Nanking, for instance, in father to his children. He was such central China, the ancient capital, the an inventor that he found work for Methodists, Presbyterians, and Dis- each one. They had factories within ciples have already united in all the prison, and their own electricity preparatory and college work, and -everything done by electric power. also in the theological and medical The best Dutch tiles made on the schools. The result is that better premises; brick-kilns where the best education is being furnished. The bricks are produced. They make their Baptists are planning to unite with own boots and shoes, weave all kinds the other bodies in the work at of cloth, and clothe 600 soldiers from Nanking.

head to foot. Besides, they have two In southern China the Methodists farms, where the criminals are work- and Congregationalists have already ing on the field. . The prison- united in their theological schools, ers are not guarded by soldiers, but and the Methodists and the Episco- all answer for one and for all. palians in the medical schools. In It works well, and they do not run western China the Baptists, Metho- away. The officials were thankfnl dists, and English Quakers have for my visit, and the poor men lis- united in all preparatory, college, 11or-

mal and professional work. In ed by fully 300 delegates. The parnorthern China the Methodists, Pres- ticipants came from distances rangbyterians, and Congregationalists are ing from 10 to 80 miles, and in planning to bring their theological various manners of conveyances. One schools together and in this region old lady, 83 years old, walked 2S all the missions have united in medi- miles to be present at the meeting. cal school work. Finally, as a re- She had been a Christian for more sult of the conferences held last than 3S years, and could not bear spring under Dr. Mott's leadership, to be absent. Others came by wheelall the Protestant missions in China barrow and some by the modern trains. have voted to unite, at as early a The spirit of the conference was date as practicable, in all educational deeply impressive, and after the wowork with the exception of the pri- men returned to their homes rumors mary schools.-The Outlook. began to come back of the work they were doing among their friends, How the Gospel .Transforms and neighbors. In one family-one of the most exclusive of the gentry T HE Mios, aborigines of southern of Weihsien–one of the young wo- China, were ten years ago un- men members, who is interested in speakable heathen-drunken and dis- Christianity, was allowed to attend solute. A great Christian movement the conference in a private room, and is changing the hearts of tens of thou- was greatly imprest. The attendance sands. Mr. Nichol, who is working of this young woman was a breakamong them, tells of "pig collections" ing of precedent, for this family for mission work, at which 174 were was one of those who do not aliow contributed by one. Christian commu- their women to go out to church or nity and driven to the market town, mingle in any of the new movements. bringing the total to date up to 300. She was deeply imprest by the ex- perience. To Be Known Only as Christians A Chinese Official's Bequest to Mi••ions W ORD comes from Peking that the Christians of that city have T HE financial evidences of Chrisalmost entirely eliminated from their tianity in a mission field are alvocabulary the denominational names ways impressive. Recently word has which the missionaries among them come that a Chinese gentleman has feel obliged to employ. No Chinese bequeathed his entire property to the speaks of a Methodist, Presbyterian, American Baptist Foreign Missionary Baptist, etc. The churches are called Society, with the stipulation that after by their location, "Church at Sec- his death it is' to be used for the ond Street," "Filial Piety Street," spread of the gospel in China. He etc. One of the Chinese Episcopal- has notified his brother in China to ians said frankly that the Chinese of act as executor for his property in their mission "would join hands with that country, to see that the proviother Christians, if their clergymen sions of his will are carried out. The did not object." name of this gentleman is withheld, for at the present time he is in Women's Conference in Weihsien America holding an important posi- tion under the Chinese Government. A L THO here and there a woman He is said to be a splendid type of has stood out strongly from Chinese Christian gentleman, well her sisters, the great mass of wo- educated, and able to speak three manhood in China has until recent Chinese dialects, as well as English. years borne very little public part INhen he was eight years of age his in religious life, but it is being in- father and mother became Christians. creasingly noted that the women are It is his desire and expectation, to coming to the fore. A women's conference held recently at Weihsien, in the Shantung province, was attend-

WORLD-WIDE M1SSIONARY NEWS

return to China at the close of his ty years. In the evening over 1,200 present government service, and spend people assembled in the theater and the remainder of his life in preach- listened most quietly to the preaching the gospel to his own people. ing and Bible reading and when he left the next day besought him to ar- JAPAN-KOREA range for some help in the way of pastoral care. The fact that these The Gospel Power in Japan large numbers in a place without a resident pastor can be willing to ONE of our Methodist exchanges listen quietly to the preaching of the says: Gospel is a most encouraging fact and should quicken prayer. "The reports for the past year show success at almost every point. "M Korea'. Unrest There is not even one point devoid of ISSIONARIES are sometimes hope. Methodism has graduaIIy accused of creating unrest prest forward until we are now among the Korean people," writes second in membership among all the Rev. D. A. Bunker, a Methodist the Protestant denominations of the worker in Seoul. "And I fancy we empire. For the past year that part shall have to plead guilty. No OlriSof Methodism called the Nippon tian man or woman can come among (Japan) Methodist Church, formed this people as a teacher of higher by the' union of Canadian, Northern things without causing unrest. A and Southern Methodists, stands first thought of something higher, somein the number of baptisms. The sig- thing better to be attained, implanted nal success of the Church in Korea in the mind of an ignorant Korean for several years past has been a is a revolutionary germ. It takes matter of great reioicing throughout root. It transforms a life. The the Christian world. This past year germ multiplies and spreads. A our Church in Japan has gone ahead, neighborhood, a village, a county, a in results. of our Church, even in state, is stirred up, revolutionized. Korea. This wiII be an inspiration The process is inevitable. No power to our Church in America, for some all earth can stop it. It is God's of you had lost hope for Christianity way of leading His people out of a in Japan. I am credibly informed barren existence into the more abunthat it is stated in America that our dant life. There is no other way. Church has lost its opportunity in Yes, the missionaries are guilty of Japan. Do not believe it for one having said a lot of things which minute. The work has been diffi- have set the Koreans to thinking. cult-is stilJ difficult. No nation was VVe have stirred up a wide-spread ever easily Christianized." unrest, and hundreds of thousands who sitting in darkness were unable A Remarkable Incident. to see or think intelligently, are clamoring for admission into the T HE Bishop of Kiu-Shiu, the circle of progressive humanity." southern of the principal islands of Japan, in the course of a sermon The Korean Revival Continues in Nagasaki on June 8, said that during the previous six weeks he had ONE indication of the virility been enabled to preach to over 12,- of the cause is seen in the 000 people, and that at one place be- recent opening of the Central Prestween Kumamoto and Kagoshima byterian Church at Seoul. The basewhere there had been no missionary ment accommodates a day-school of or resident pastor for twelve years, 100 pupils, and has besides a prayerhis visit was welcomed by the mayor meeting room accommodating 300, and ex-mayor who profest them- The main floor will seat (in Korean selves as being baptized Christians. style) over 2,000, and at the dedica- They introduced him to thirty others, some having been believers for twen-

tion there were by actual count 2,- ing practical interest in philanthropy 108 people present. This church is and reform. At Fayoum $5,000 was not for Sunday use only. Already subscribed at one meeting toward the it has been used for sessions of the establishment of children's clinics, men's training class of 600 coming while at Beni-Suef, $7,000 was sub- in from the country around, and scribed for a similar object. taught in eight grades, and also for the women's winter class of 500. A Anglo-Egyptian Sudan During the sessions of these classes c. M. S. st(1tion was open~d by over 200 were provided with sleeping the Revs. A. Shaw, K.. E. accommodations on the premises. And Japan is friendly to the cause, Hamilton and E. C. Gore, among the as the presence of the Minister of Azandi tribe in February at Yambio, the Interior, the second official in 259 miles west of Gondokoro. These Korea, and the Minister of Educa- people are described as considertion, proclaimed on the day of dedi- ably higher in the scale of intellication. gence and civilization than the Nil- otic tribes. They wear clothes and NORTH AFRICA manufacture ingenious domestic im- plements and musical instruments. Material Progress in Egypt. They are very numerous and cover a vast area, exercising a dominating A DISPATCH from Cairo to the influence over surrounding tribes. New Yark Herald reviews the General Gordon appealed for the remarkable development in Egypt un- evangelization of these people. der recent British administration. New works in connection with irriga- EAST AFRICA tion, drainage, roads, etc., are in progress everywhere. In every part From an African Girl Df the country new roads are being constructed. A few years ago it T HE following is an extract from was not possible to automobile for a letter received by one of the more than twelve miles outside Cairo, teachers at the girls' school at Lovenow automobilists can drive to Alex- dale, South Africa: "The best of andria, H elouan, Sakhhara and other all that I can entrust you with is places. The physical condition of this, that I am now a true child of the native Egyptian is receiving care- God. Oh, what· bliss to have a ful attention. In addition to the heavenly fellowship 1 I never knew eye hospitals and general hospitals what is sealed up in giving your which have existed for some time heart to the Lord. N ow I enjoy there are now being established in doing my work, and also do I underthe provinces maternity hospitals, un- stand the responsibility of it. Now der the control of Dritish nurses, I can read my Bible with more unand special clinics for the prevention derstanding; I can pray as one speakand cure of ankylostomiasis (Egyp- ing to a father. So this i.s the chief tian anaemia), a malady which hith- and best part of my letter to you. erto has been allowed to affect great I hope you will be very glad, as I ravages among the industrious fel- myse1 f am. For I know even in laheen. In Cairo evidences of the heaven there was joy for a soul reextraordinary activity of Lord Kitch- turned from the wild." cner are to be seen everywhere, and the city in places has been completely An African King Lays a Corner-stone transformed during the summer months. Vealthy natives are not in- T HE King of Uganda, in native different observers in the great work costume, and attended by native which is carried OIL Tn most of the provinces they are saiel 1() he show- chiefs, on September 5th laid the foundation-stone of the Church Mis- c., sionary Society's new building in Salishnr}"csql1are, – E. he fore a

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

large audience. It was recorded on At the new out-station Olama, 62. the stone that the ceremony was car- miles north of Lolodorf, So profest ried out by an African King-the Christ. Evangelistic spirit domill~,t"s first Christian King of Buganda. the Mission. Sir J 01111 Kennaway (president of the C. M. S.) received the King and his The engine and machinery for the chiefs. The stone -having been low- new saw-mill arrived safely at Elat ered, the King said: "In the faith and were duly place.d. From early of Jesus Christ we fix this stone." morning till late afternoon crowds of people came to see thi..,; "wonder." WEST AFRICA A great curiosity was a 28-foot well which the missionaries dug. "Who- Long Waiting for the Gospel ever heard of such a thing? If the white people say they are going to I Na town of the delta of Nigeria make water run up a tree I would missionaries found that the natives believe it and go to my town without bad long been waiting for their ar- even waiting to see if they do it," rival. For two years they had been were the words of an astonished bykeeping the Sabbath, and to aid their stander.-Presoyterian Bulletin. memories they had kept in their houses pieces of wood bored with Progress on the Kamerun seven holes in which they would insert a peg for each day as it passed. MRS. C. W. McCLEARY writes They had a meeting every morning fr0111 Botange, Kamerun: "Our and repeated this quaint prayer: "Oh average number of baptism is 200, God we beg you, make you look but a year ago, our church was blown good to-day; make you no trouble down, and we had no class advanced. we, or do we any bad; we beg you, These 50 candidates this time were we beg you." How pathetic it was strays and left-overs. The week prethat these Nigerian negroes should ceding was a strenuous one. One for two years have been meeting item I forgot was that on that day regularly and offering prayer while 150 new confessions were made. waiting for someone to come to them :1any of these were the result of our with the message of light. village school teachers, as our evange- lists were here in schoo!. Now they A Live Work in West Africa have gone out, about 40 in all, and we hope for good harvests~the fields T HREE thousand have been taken are white. In spite of local churches into the catechumen class at Elat, and out-stations, we still have great Vest Africa, during the year. Sun- crowds at our communion services. day-school membership, 3,500; church The last one, on April 6, eclipsed all offerings for each month of the year, former records. These are the figover $100.00. Fifteen hundred boys ures: Present, 7,000, plus three overand girls in the day-school and 4,000 flow meetings; baptized, 51 adults and in 50 village schools. 14 babies; advanced, 392 (eligible for memhership in a year); collection, New station at Metet growing 700 plus marks (German), nearly rapidlY-370 enrolled in the school. $200; present enrolment (church), Extensive gardens planted, school- I,I08. At one out-station that day, house, church, storehouses erected. 2,000 were present; at the other one, At out-station 74 enrolled catechu- 1,000. mens; all fetishes given up. Many confessions. CENTRAL AFRICA Large audiences at Efulen and Lo- Communion in Central Africa loclorf. Many candidates for the lllini~try. Early morning prayer EYERY newly organized church meet1l1gs in villages conducted by COUllts its 1110St solemn service ~'Olll1g SellOO] hays-very large atten- that one when the members meet at dance. the Coml1111njon tahle. Dan Craw-

ford, the African missionary whose :;upervi:;e the carrying out of the law.

'fascinating book, "Thinking Black," The mission stations are not directly is rousing such enthusiasm, teIls how affected, but their work will naturally the converted chief of a heathen vil- be made 1110re difficult, if they are lage came to him one day saying, separated in this way from the ma- "Might not we celebrate together the jority of the natives,-Translated Feast of ,Memories?" Then, remem- fr0111 Der Missions Freund.

bering who makes the third when two are thus gathered together, the mis- Christian Teaching in Madagascar T sionary and the African chief, there HE French Administration in in the jungle, celebrated the Lord's Madagascar opened more than Supper. "vVe had an old battered 500 official schools between the years box upside down," says Mr. Craw- 1896 and I912, the majority of the ford, "and a mug minus a handle, teachers being trained in the Normal but what of that? Is it not written School maintained by the Governthat on all the vessels shall be 'holi- ment. The instruction is on modern ness unto the Lord'?" lines. However, hundreds of ele- Hungry for the Word mentary schools maintained by the missionaries have been closed, and FROM May, 19I2, to January, I913, .in many places no adequate Chris- 64 different delegations visited the tian education is provided for the American Presbyterian Mission on children of church-members, As the the Kasai, asking for Protestant Government standard of normal teachers for their villages, These training is exacting some special efcame from a radius of 500 kilometers forts need to be made to place and represe!'lt a population of I20,- the teachers in the Christian schools coo people who are successfully re- 011 a par with those in the official sisting the pressure of Romanist pro- schools. To meet this need, ·the paganda. The king of Bakuba, one five Protestant missions of various of the 1110St industrious and military nationalities are uniting to establish peoples of the Kongo, is urging his a joint Normal school at Antananpeople to attend Christian services arivo. Meanwhile the organization and to send their children to mission of the Sunday-schools is partly makschools, Translations of reading ing up for the lack of religious inbook, hy11111 book; and parts of the struction in day schools. Courses of Scriptures have already been made graded lessons and other helps are into Bakuba. used among some 500 churches in Imerina and -Betsileo. The large SOUTH AFRICA AND MADAGASCAR day schools for boys and girls in Race Distinction in South Africa Antananarivo continue to flourish; T lIE Parliament of South Africa there are over 2,500 in these schools. has recently passed a law, from – T he Student rVo1"/d.

which it is to be feared there will No Color Line result not only great social changes, C but considerable hindrance to mission- HRIST died for yellow, black, white and brown. The bringing ary work. In the future the negroes are to be allowed to live with the of a yellow, black, or brown man into whites as servants and as industrial H is kingdom will cause just as deep workers, but in other matters a sharp a joy to well up in their hearts as line must be drawn between blacks ever welled up in heart of white and whites. The negroes must settle man. The joy in heaven over one in certain specified localities, and they sinner that repenteth is absolutely and the white men are not to be al- color-blind, and heaven is just as lowed to buy land from one another. near to the celestial empire or Dark- /. commission has been appointed, to est Africa or the Isles of the Pacific

as to the United States. "God's broke out, and developed into an country" is the whole round earth, organized attack upon the Chinese and not anyone section of it.-Chrzs- quarter, resulting in grave casualties tian World. and requiring the intervention of the military. OCEAN WORLD Evangelized Islands Moslem Activity in Java T HE withdrawal of a missionary T HE N eukirchen Missionsbote re- f rom a sphere of work is usual- ports the formation by the Mo- ly a matter for regret, but this can hammedans of Java of a "Sarekat hardly be the feeling in regard to Islam," or Islamic Association, 'whose the situation at Aneityum and Fuobject is to raise the Javanese com- tuna in the New Hebrides. Dr. mercially and economically, and to Gunn, the Scotch Presbyterian misplace the movement on a religious, sionary, has, along with his wife, i.e., Mohammedan, basis, as being Jone excellent work there for the the most binding force for the mass last thirty years. When they landed of the people. The association, in Futuna it was largely a heathen which is said to number already island without a Church-member. 3~ members, held its first gen- The natives have now abandoned eral meeting in March at Surakarta, heathenism and become a Christian the place of its origin, and was at- community. The evangelization of tended by thousands of members the islands has been accomplished from neighboring districts, as well as and Dr. Gunn has now asked the by a large number of delegates from Foreign Mission Committee to withdistant auxiliaries. It was stated draw him. He has done the work at the meeting that the aim of the he was sent to do. The Committee movement would be to promote the has agreed to his suggestion and has well-being of the natives of Dutch offered him a post in the Tral1skei. Indonesia and to further the Mo- tho it is possible that after his hammedan religion by means of the long labors in the islands he may press, the opening of cooperative retire and live in New South Wales. shops and direct propaganda. The The islands will henceforward be religious character of the movement supervised by the New South Wales is to be emphasized when dealing Church. with orthodox Mohammedans, while the natives generally are to be at- Islander's Church Costume tracted by the national note. If the movement should result in the T HE Rev. Philip Delaporte degrowth of freedom and independ- scribes some native laborers ence, it would render the people ftom the Truk Lagoon in the Caromore accessible for missionary pur- lines, who were working in the Marposes, and so far might be of ad- shall Islands. When their first pay vantage to the cause of Christian day arrived a suit of European gar- Missions; but in such case consider- ments was bought. After a while able reinforcements of the staff would this first suit became filthy and be needed both for evangelistic and dirty. Result! A second suit was educational work. The missionaries ·purchased with the next money who report this development regard earned and put on top of the first. it with some anxiety, and their at- "When I saw them they had just titude has been justified by recent covered the first two garments with occurrences. At Semarang, where a third edition. Proudly adorned the auxiliary numbers some 10,000 with three suits of clothes, a pair members, fierce religious excitement of Blucher boots and with their faces painted yellow, they came to church."

ON MISSION"S

AND MISSION LANDS ANTHONY COMSTOCK, FIGHTER. By Charles noble Stanislaus and the patient Kos- G. Trumbull. Illustrated, 8vo, 240 pp. ciusko were Poles. The story of Po- $1.25. Fleming H. Revell Co., I9I3. land is a sad one, like the history of Palestine, but it has inspiration and There is nothing more thrilling or instruction for all. more heroic than this story of the battles for youth and purity fought To-day the Polish peasants are reagainst human beasts of prey. The ligious but ignorant. The customary physical courage 'displayed is only greeting with bared head is "Christ be second to the moral courage that praised," with the response, "For ever could not be intimidated either by and ever." They are slow to move and physical violence or by attacks on slow to change, so that they are crude character. but seldom vulgar. The women do much manual work and live hard, Mr. Comstock began his fight for others at eighteen years of age when cheerless lives. There is a quaint cushe hunted a mad dog in his home tom of painting hands on the wintown. He next took up the fight dow-casing of houses in which there against a dive-keeper, whose place are marriageable daughters. Christmas the boy raided single handed. The and holy week are great occasions, but smell of battle led him on to fur- the people as a whole have little real ther contests in behalf of the boys mental grasp of the Christian religion. and girls and he gradually acquired Jews are numerous and are hated by a national reputation as the foe of the so-called Christians. The reading all forms of soul-destroying vice. of Mr. 'Winter's volume will create Mr. Trumbull, the able editor of more sympathy for both Jewish and The Sunday-School Times, has graph- Catholic Poles. ically and impressively told the story of the man, his fights, his foes and THE HORIZON OF AMERICAN MISSIONS. By his victories. The character of those he seeks to put out of business Isaac Newton McCash. 12mo, 192 pp. is shown by their unscrupulous methods of attacks-the deadly con- $I.OO, net. Fleming H. Revell CO. 19I3. cealed weapons, the smallpox scabs sent by mail, the inshmating news- Dr. McCash, secretary of the Ameripaper paragraphs, and the threats against his family. It is a stirring can Christian (Disciples) Missionary story for old and young and should not only beget sympathy for the man Society, delivered these lectures in the and his work, but should raise up other fighters to continue the battle College of Missions at Indianapolis. to the finish. They give us a simple but practical, POLAND OF To-DAY AND YESTERDAY. By Nevin O. Winter. Illustrated, 8vo, 349 well-balanced survey of American pp. $3.00, net. L. C. Page & Co. Boston, Home Missionary Endeavor, the ne- I913· glected fields, the problem of the cities, In attractive style, and with sympa- and the forces at hand for the Christhetic insight, this writer has described the romance and tragedy of Polish his- tian conquest of America and of the tory. It is a land of heroes, once free but now opprest and maltreated by world. He challenges the attention of Russia; the people looked down upon by Anglo-Saxons, who forget that the Christians to the important present- day problems and needs: A spiritual Church, a united Christian Army, and a Godlike statesmanship. .

FIFTY M1SSIONABY HEROES EVERY Boy AND GIRL SHOULD KNOW. By Julia H. John- ston. 12mo, 221 pp. $1.00, net. Revell. 1913.

The word "Missionary" in front of the word "Hero" should give added zest to a boy's interest in these life stories. To physical daring is added York City. Others may obtain tbe moral courage and to a pioneer's ad- Directory, postpaid, for 2S cents.

.ventures are added persecution and a GOOSE CREEK FOLKS. By Isabel Graham noble purpose. A boy or girl must be Bush and Florence Lillian Bush. 224 pp.

indeed indifferent who will not be in- $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New terested in such men as Ziesberger York, I9I2.

among the Indians or Melinda Rankin The mountains of Kentucky have among the Mexicans; and a child will been the favorite field for many story- be lamentably ignorant who knows not writers in quest of picturesque mate- the names and deeds of such men as rial. The peculiar dialect of the Cyrus Hamlin, David Livingstone, and "Highlanders of the South," their Marcus Whitman, or such women as vices and virtues, feuds, passions and Charlotte Tucker, Eleanor Chestnut, prejudices offer varied attractions to and Eliza Agnew. There are 50 of the reader of fiction.

them-all friends worth knowing, and The present volume deals with new their stories are simply told if not conditions in the Kentucky mountains, always in a literary style best adapted where the boys and girls are eagerly to children. responding to the educational oppor~ TOURIST DIRECTORY OF CHRISTIAN WORK. tunities offered by missionary and philanthropic schools. Already intel- Illustrated. Traveler's guide to mission- lectual and manual training of the ary institutions in the Far East, India young people have had an uplifting and Egypt. Issued by a committee (Rob- ert E. Speer, chairman) appointed by the influence on the morality of many a Conference of all the Foreign Mission Boards of North America. 1913. mountain community. Feuds have This is a valuable booklet to direct been peaceably settled, and families tourists in Asia to the places where religious services are conducted in En- long at war with each other nOw english and to the most interesting foreign missionary operations. The in- gage in friendly rivalry to secure at troductory articles by Dr. Arthur J. any sacrifice the coveted "l'arnin' " for Brown deal with criticisms of missions their children. <• and explain the various kinds of CIu-btian work abroad. The Directory This story describes the transformcovers Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, Singapore, Burma, India, and ing' effect of education on so<;~al life Egypt. in the mountains, which musfiesult This Directory will be welcomed by in developing a new people, no1'onger every Christian traveler. We hope that a future edition will be even more content to lead a lazy, animal' -existcomplete and will contain a map. It would be helpful also if there were a ence, but inspired by high ideal~; am- 110te of tourist agencies in the East where guides to missions may be ob- bitions, and spiritual aims. T!i~au­ tained. thors have produced a study thatr~aqs like a faithful transcript of life as it is, without any fictional coloring. The characters are vital and interesting, drawn with unaffected realism from intimate observation. The story is handled with considerable skill'and artistic restraint.

The booklet is for free distribution THE BOOK OF BABIES. Child Life in Mis- to travelers in Asia. Copies may be sionary Lands. By Mary Entwistle. obtained from pursers or librarians on Illustrated. 6d., net. London Missionthe steamers of the principal Trans- ary Society. 1913.

Pacific and English-Indian lines and. This little book about babies of from the leading tourist agencies ina,; China, Africa, Persia, Japan, Burma, few of the seaports of Asia. Copie~; India and othEr lands gives just the will also be mailed free to those about!', material that mothers and teachers of to sail to Asia who write to the Anglo..;' small children will find useful in American Communities Committee, teaching their EttIe ones about other Room 806, IS6Fifth Avenue, New babies.

NEW BOOKS THE KEEPER OF THE VINEYARD. A Tale of W-IN NING A PRIMITIVE PEOPLE. Sixteen the Ozarks. By Caroline Abbot Stanley.

Years' Work among the Warlike Tribe Illustrated, 12mo, 344 pp. $1.25, fief. of the Ngoni and the Senga and Tum- buka Peoples of Central America. By Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. Donald Fraser. Illustrated, cloth. $1.50, LOVE STORIES OF GREAT MISSIONARIES. By net. E. P. Dutton & Co;, New York, Belle M. Brain. Illustrated, 16mo, 75 pp. 1913. A MISSIONARY'S LIFE IN THE LAND OF THE 50 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. GODS. By Isaac Dooman. Illustrated, THE P AR~BLE OF THE CHERRIES. By Edward 12mo. $2.00, net; postage, 15 cents. Rich- ard G. Badger, Boston, 1913. A. Stemer. Illustrated, r6mo., 64 pp. SPIRITUAL CONQUEST ALONG THE ROCKIES. By Rev. William Niccolls Sloan, Ph.D. 5? cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New 12mo, 242 pp. $1.25, net. George H. York, 1913. Doran Co., New York, 1913. OUT OF THE ABYSS. The Autobiography of EVERLASTING PEARL. One of China's one who was dead and is alive again. With a preface by the Rev. George Ste- Women.. By Anna Magdalena Johann- ven, D.D. Introduction by Gypsy Smith. sen. W Itl: ~ Preface by Walter B. Sloan. 12mO, 282 pp. $1.25, net. George H. Illustp' ~d, 16mo, III pp. China Inland Doran Company, New York, 1913. Mis~ -.1n, Philadelphia, 1913. AN HEROIC BISHOP. The Life-Story of French of Lahore. By Eugene Stock. HABEEB THE BELOVED. A Tale of Life in Illustrated, 12mo, 127 pp. 2S., net. Hod- der & Stoughton, New York, 1913. Modern Syria. By William S. Nelson, ANTHONY COMSTOCK, FIGHTER. By Charles G. Trumbull. Illustrated. I2mo, cloth. D.D. Illustrated, 16mo, 102 pp. 75 cents, $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York,1913. net. Westminster Press, Philadelphia, ESSENTIAL MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES. By Roland Allen, M.A. I2mo, cloth. $I.OO, 1913. net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. HEPBURN OF JAPAN AND HIS WIFE AND A S'fUDY OF THE THLINGLETS OF ALASKA. By Livin~ston F. Jones. I2mo, cloth, illus- HELPMATES. A Life Story of Toil for trated. :jiI.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. Christ. By William Elliot Gdffis, D.D., L.H.D. Illustr~ted, 12mo, 238 pp. $1.50, FIFTY MISSIONARY HEROES EVERY Bo¥ AND GIRL SHOULD KNOW. By Julia H. John- net. Presbytenan Board of Publication ston. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. Philadelphia, 1913. '

THE HORIZON OF AMERICAN MISSIONS. By BRIGHAM YOUNG AND HIS MORMON EM- 1. N. McCash. I2mo, cloth. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. PIRE. By Frank J. Cannon and George L Knapp" I!!ustrated, 12mo, 398 pp. $1.50; THE NEW AMERICA. Home Missionary net. Flemmg H. Revell Co., New York, Study Course. By Mary Clark Barnes and Dr. Lemuel C. Barnes. Illustrated, 1913. 121110, cloth. 50 cents, net (postage, 7 cents), paper, 3OC. (postage, 5 cents). NINETy-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Fleming H. Revell Co., N ew York, 1913. A~[ERICA~ BIBLE SOCIETY, 1913. Together THE CONTINUATION COMMITTEE CONFER- S90 With a List of Auxiliary Societies Their ENCES IN ASIA, 1912-1913. A Brief Ac- Officers, and An Appendix. 8vo pp. count of the Conferences, together with their findings and lists of Members. 8vo, American Bible Society, New Y drk, 1913.

418 pp. Published by the Chairman of THE RETURN OF THE LORD JESUS. The Key the Continuation Committee, New York, to the Scripture, and the Solution of All 1913. Our Political and Social Problems or THE PASSING OF THE DRAGON. The Story The Golden Age that is Soon Coming to the Earth. By R. A. Torrey, D.D. -16mo, c. of the Shensi Revolution and Relief Ex~ 160 pp. Bible Institute of Los Angeles, pedition. By J. Keyte, M.A. Illus- trated,Bvo, 3II pp. Hodder & Stough- 1913. ton, London, 1913. ELECTRIC MESSAGES. The Official Organ of THE MAN OF EGYPT. By Clayton Sedgwick Cooper, M.A. Illustrated, 8vo, 300 pp. The Oriental Missionary Society. N 0- Hodder & Stoughton, New York and vember, 1912. Tokyo, Japan. London, 1913. PRESBYTERIAN FOREIGN MISSIONS INVEST- MENT. Board of Foreign Missions – 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. '

FINANCING THE WAGE-EARNER'S FAMILY.

A Survey of the Facts Bearing on In- come and Expenditures in the Families of American Wage-Earners. By Scott Nearing. 12mo, 171 pp. $1.25, net. B. "1. Huebsch, New York, 1913.

ST. AUGUSTINE, THE MISSIONARY. By Sir Henry Howarth, KC.I.E., D.C.L. Illus- trated, cloth, 8vo. $3.50, net. E. _Po Dut- ton & Co., New York, 1913.- A CHUltCH IN THE WILDS. A Story of the Establishment of the_ South American In- dian Mission among the hitherto Savage and Intracable Natives of the Paraguay- an Chaco. By W. Barbrooke Grubb. Illustrated, cloth, 12mo. $1.50, net. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York, 1913.

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1913

to the

QUESTIO~S ANSWERED I~ THIS NUMBER PREPARED BY MRS. F. j1. GILBERT 1. Where (under the American flag) was a little girl sold by her mother for "some pigs, chickens, rice and a cloak"?

2. Why have two large parties of American tourists gone to Burma this winter?

3. Why was it found difficult to translate, for the Japanese Em- peror, Prof. Peabody's lecture on "Service"?

4. What is the Aglipay movement, and what unworthy inducement does it hold out to Protestant Christians?

5. What wonderful and almost unbelievable change does one Chi- nese memorial tablet describe?

6. How are the cannibals of New Guinea indebted to an orange tree in Florida?

7. What kept the rowdies quiet at a meeting in Turkey? 8. How have "violent" hands been laid by Brahmans themselves on venerable Brahman customs in India? 9. What children had their schooling "charged to God's ilccount"? ro. t!hy did a father offer a friend a large sum to put poison in his son's food? 11. In the history of nations, what connection can be traced between zero weather and progress? 12. What was written on the charm, and what great boon was promised to anyone who carried it? 13. What type of missionary dramatic program appeals especially to men? 14. 'What religion teaches "the lowest conception of a God the world has known"? IS. Why were four Baptist preachers included among "many crim- inals"? 16. iVhen and why did grown American women carry large dolls clothed as babies? 17. "Whosoever changeth his religion, kill him." What religious leader said this? 18. Where is the Church considered simply "the conventional way of being named, married and buried"? 19. "The right of selfishness in man and the duty of unselfishness in woman" are taught by what religion? 20. What people are compared to the Jews in their ability to hold out under difficulties?

NEW PROOTTE£STTAAff'ilT CHAPEL AT

Vith ou t fRlooar, doors or windows, this chapel was us ed for the first time for the stereopticon talk INTERIOR OF THE GREGORIAN CHURCHH AT DZAAK.. ARMENIA CHURRCHES USED IN A STEREOPTICON GOSPEL TOUR I N ASIA M INOR

Missionary

® of the World ~ Vol. XXXVI. No. II NOVEMBER, 1913 Vol. XXVI. No. 11 Old Series New Series Signs of the· Times MISSIONARY PROGRESS IN gelized. Methodists, Presbyterians, AUSTRALIA Baptists, Anglicans, and others have divided the territory and a few have LIKE North America, the conti- already occupied new fields. The nent of Australia is both a great Presbyterians are endeavoring to es- tablish a station on Warrington Island home missionary field and is the home in the Gulf of Carpentakia and near base for many foreign missionary so- Broome in the northwest. cieties. The churches of Australia are especially active in the surround- ONE HUNDRED YEARS IN BURMA ing islands, and some of them carry the Gospel to China, India and Korea. I N December the American Baptists Recently there has been a marked revival of prayer and endeavor on the are to begin celebrating the onepart of the Protestant denominations hundreth anniversary of the foundin the interests of the Aborigines of ing of missions in Burma by Adonithe island continent. An arrange- ram Judson. Two large parties of ment has been in operation for several tourists have sailed from America, years whereby the Moravians furnish in order to be present at the meettrained head workers for various sta- ings in Rangoon, Moulmein and tions and the Presbyterians supply as- Mandalay. It is appropriate at this sistants and funds for the work. Now time to look back and to see what the whole aboriginal problem has has been accomplished in this cenbeen considered from a national point tury of work. of view by the Protestant churches of Australia. This conference agreed Burma is very different from what that all the territory inhabited by it was when Judson first set out to Aborigines should be apportioned for conveit its people from their ancient missionary work to the various de- faith and practises. Buddhism, nominations so that all of the fast- Hinduism and Mohammedanism still perishing race may be speedily evan- exist, aDd hold the masses of the people in their superstitions, but The editors seek t.o' preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor fDr positions taken by con· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

their hold has been loosened, and they are obliged to be uEder the super- they are undergoing more change vision of missionaries. The lives of than ',vould have seemed possible. some of these independent priests themselves fully attest their claim that Recently a convention met attended there are no high moral standards for- by 83 missionaries and 2,000 dele- membership in their church. gates, representing some 64,000 communicants, 728 schools, 1,142 For this reason many missionaries teachers and 24,656 scholars. This is urge the American Government to some of the harvest from Judson's make a clear statement of their plans, sowing. There are also a large num- for until the independence question is ber of Christian hospitals and dispen- settled l ne way or the other, it is saries, printing presses and book de- feared that missionary enterprise in pots that disseminate Christianity. the Philippines will have to make Some of the villages and a few dis- headway against great opposition from tricts are practically wholly Christian. patriots as well as from priests.

The total number of Christians The message of President Wilson (church members) in Burma is on the subject of the Philippines c1"enow over 80,000 and with the notes a friendly policy and ultimate in- Christward movements among the dependence, but gives no promise as Karens and others it is hoped that to when freedom will be granted. The the present century will see the COIl- Filipinos are to have a majority of version of the people to Christ. members on the Governing Commis- sion, and this power will test their AGITATION IN THE PHILIPPINES abilities in self-government.

T HE activity of the native agitators ARE THE BRAHMANS ALSO AWAK- ENING who are stirring up the people to demand release from their dependence T HE Brahmans of India seem to upon the United States is proving a hindrance to the work of the Ameri- have had an awakening from the can missionaries in the Islands. A sleep of centuries. A convention of missionary writes that "Shrewd and Brahman priests has been held at underhanded insinuations are used Amritsar, the second largest city of by these profest patriots to make the Punjab, attended by a thousand the name and presence of all Ameri- delegates. This convention adopted cans more and more odious to the na- a remarkable set of resolutions, "some tive population." The men who rep- of which laid violent hands upon resent the independent Filipino Catho- venerable Brahman customs and sulic Church, popularly known as the perstitions accepted by some 217,000,- "Aglipay movement," are particularly 000 human beings." One of these industrious in fomenting these sus- resolutions expresses the opinion that picions. They are attempting to pro- the Brahmans ought to work for a selytize among Protestants, and some living and not subsist upon charity. at least of them do not hesitate to tell Another enjoined upon all Brahmans the Protestants that if they will join as their first duty to get an educathe independent church they need not tion. A third advocated that Brahbe so careful about their conduct as mans should disregard the present-

OF THE

day sub-castes among themselves and to have passed. A congregation must intermarry among themselves with petition the Governor-General for due regard for consanguinity. A permission to erect a church. The fourth urged all Brahmans to put an State reserves to itself the right of end to unnecessary and wasteful mar- compelling the congregations to mainriage and funeral ceremonies. Per- tain the churches in reasonable uphaps the most radical resolution was keep, and, under certain specified conthe injunction upon all Brahmans to ditions, a church may be closed by support Brahman widows and care order of the Governor-General. Meetfor the orphan and poor Brahman ings other than of a religious nature children. The president of the con- are forbidden in churches, and it is vention is reported as urging upon forbidden to set up "Faith emblems," all that they maintain a high moral such as the cross, on public monucharacter and purity of mind, and be ments or buildings, tho their use is truthful and honest in all their deal- allowable on churches and in burial ings. This convention and its conclu- places. sions may well be regarded as one of the by-products of Christianity in RUSSIANS AGAINST BAPTISTS India. BAPTISTS in Russia are said to be NEW CLERICAL LAW IN winning altogether too many MADAGASCAR converts to please the Greek Church. SINCE the seizure of Madagascar The officials have, consequently, by the French Protestants, Chris- stirred up the government to pre- vent their propaganda, on the ground tians have been greatly hampered, and that Baptists are too democratic, and especially since Governor-General refuse to take the military oath. Augagneur promulgated his own autocratic decrees in 1906, the mis- Rev. William FetIer, the Baptist sionaries have been working under evangelist and pastor 'in St. Petersmost discouraging disabilities. So burg, was put under bond of 5,000 precarious has been the position that rubles to a Russian court in Moschurches have been closed on the cow to answer for publicProteslant most frivolous pretexts, and Chris- preaching, but he recently received tians have been thrown into prison the pleasing tidings that, with three for holding services of worship in other Baptist preachers, he had been private houses. Now, however, a included in an amnesty proclamabrighter day has dawned, for on tion which extended the mercy of March I I, 1913, the new clerical law the Czar to "many criminals." The was signed by the French President Moscow court also issued an order and the colonial minister. Its provi- that Mr. Fetler should no longer be sions are liberal beyond all expecta- subject to police surveillance. Rustions and have been hailed with sian priests have filed a protest in intense satisfaction. The govern!Uent Moscow against the release of Pashas not by any means relinquished its tor FetIer and are trying to have hold on church affairs but the days his case reopened. This effort of of suppression and oppression seem the hierarchy will probably be futile, but it is another sign of the hatred

of the Russian Church against evan- have been followed up and 80 per gelical Christianity. cent. (434) are in 54 Bible classes in government schools, associations and STUDENT CONVERSION IN CHINA churches. Those already baptized or in preparation for baptism number THE interest awakened in March 157 and more are coming. The stu- dents in the Bible classes come from and April in the Mott and Eddy IS different schools and everyone meetings in China has shown en- of the higher-grade government couraging signs of permanency. The schools has now a Bible class. reports of the follow-up committee showed on May 31St large numbers Peking, the capital, is a difficult of the inquirers enrolled in Bible city to work in on account of its size, classes and many already unmitimng lack of sufficient workers, and the with Christian churches. Of those distractions found there. Of 738 who signed cards in Hongkong inquirers 33I enrolled in Bible some 42 have been baptized and two classes. In May the attendance in- Bible study courses have been held. creased to 407, including 22 officials, One of the most encouraging re- 43 soldiers .and I4 business men. sults was seen in the new life and New Bible classes have been formed activity of' the Christian students in nearly every important school in and the College Y. M. C. A. the city, whereas before the meet- ings there was only one. The work In Canton of the 823 men who of the Christian associations is being signed cards over half have been brought prominently before the whole followed up and 90 have either been city. Normal classes for Bible baptized or are preparing for bap- teachers have been formed and the tism. The Bible Study Classes enrol work has been well organized. 332 men who are showing more or less definite interest. Some of these In Paoting-fu nearly all of the 293 did not sign cards during Dr. Molt's who signed the cards have been meetings. Personal workers are be- looked up and 233 of them have ing trained to follow up the in- Joined c1asses-I4 of which are in qmuirers. government schools. Missionaries and Chinese Christians urge the im- In Tsinanfu meetings the number mediate formation of a Y. M. C. A. of signed cards was 725 and 278 to carryon the student work and a of these are enrolled in Bible classes committee of management has been to study the Gospel by Mark. It is formed with the Postal Inspector as hoped that a Y. M. C. A. will grow out chairman. of the work. This is especially encouraging since there was previously Another center visited was Wuno Bible study work in Tsinanfu. chang, where 235 signed cards as in- The so-called Independent Chinese quirers and practically all have been Church here has received a gift of visited. Those enrolled in Bible over 3 acres of land for their build- study number 158 and there are 30 ing from the government. candidates for baptism. The recent revolution has somewhat interfered In Tientsin the student work has with organized work since the govbeen particularly promising and ripe. Of 545 inquirers 92 per cent. (497)

OF THE TIMES

ernment closed the student hostels cated Christian leaders. In China and prohibited large meetings. great progress has been made among No regular series of meetings were these young men, enrolling inquirers held in Hankow, but two addresses and converts, forming Bible classes were given by Dr. Mott and Mr. and organizing a Student Volunteer Eddy and as a result 97 men signed Movement for the ministry. This cards. Of these 50 attend regular organization has recently received Bible classes and some have applied many recruits, and has adopted the for baptism. following simple basis: In Nanking where there were 428 "It is my purpose through the inquirers there are 168 in Bible Lord to become a minister."

classes at the Y. M. C. A. each Before any student is allowed to Sunday. Shanghai meetings resulted sign the declaration and be enrolled in 6r r inquirers who netted 424 for as a member of the movement, he Bible study and up to June 1st, 3 I must have reached the age of 18 baptized converts and 49 other pro- years; have attained at least the bationers. middle grade in scholarship; and Fuchau had some remarkable meet- have the approval of the principal ings with 1,'=:30 men enrolled as in- of the school or of some ordained quirers. Of these over one-third minister, who is a confidential ad- (562) have joined Bible classes, viser. A form of organization for 55 have been baptized and I34 others local bands has been started, and the are now probationers. management of the movement is en- In twelve of the fourteen cities trusted to an executive committee, visited 720 men have already been appointed annually by the National baptized and many more are enrolled Young Men's Christian Association as probationers. In these eleven of China. This movement is great cities 3,183 have already been en- with possibilities.

rolled in Bible study groups. EDUCATIONAL CHANGES IN These results, so far as mere CHINA statistics can show them, are signifi- A cant. Faithful follow-up work has RECENT action of officials in China will have a decided effect borne good fruit, for which any city might be thankful. Some of the on the missionary schools and col- influential Christian leaders of the leges of the Republic. The educa- political, educational and religious tional bureau has reduced all schools life in China have no doubt been to two classifications: ( I) Public "born again" in this campaign. Who schools, established by the govern- can estimate the fruitage from the ment and supported by public funds, seed thus planted? and (2) private schools, established by private individuals or groups ana CHINESE STUDENT VOLUNTEERS supported by benevolent donations.

ONE of the most important and The latter group, of course, includes encouraging branches of mission- the missionary schools, which will ary work is that for students, since it thus have the prestige of govern- means the training of future edu- ment registration. The curriculum

880066 TTHHEE MMIISSSSIIOONNAARRYY RREEVVIIEEWW OOFF TTHHEE WWOORRLLDD [[NNoovv~~mmbbeerr

aanndd hhoouurrss ffoorr pprriimmaarryy aanndd ggrraamm– lleecctteedd,, aanndd iiff aa mmaann hheessiittaatteess ttoo ppaayy,, mmaarr sscchhoooollss aarree pprreessccrriibbeedd bbyy ggoovv– tthhee SSttaattee sseennddss iittss bbaaiilliiffff aanndd sseellllss eerrnnmmeenntt eeddiicctt,, bbuutt aannyy ooff tthheessee aa mmaann''ss ggooooddss uunnttiill tthhee ddeemmaannddss aarree sscchhoooollss mmaayy tteeaacchh aaddddiittiioonnaall ssuubb– ssaattiissffiieedd.. TThheessee ssaalleess aarree ooff ffrreeqquueenntt jjeeccttss oouuttssiiddee ooff tthhee hhoouurrss ooff tthheeiirr ooccccuurrrreennccee.. FFoorrmmaall wwiitthhddrraawwaall ffrroomm sscchheedduulleedd sseessssiioonnss.. IInn tthhee pprroovviinnccee tthhee CChhuurrcchh iiss tthhee oonnllyy rreemmeeddyy.. ooff KKwwaannggttuunngg,, wwhheerree tthhee ddeeaann ooff Canton College is Commissioner of TThhee mmoovveemmeenntt,, aass ffaarr aass iit hhaass Education, an odd regulation pro- gone, has begun to be felt by the taxvides that no school shall give in- ing officials. Last year there was a struction in the classics of Confucius deficit and a loan of £250,000 hall to within prescribed school hours. rhus be raised. These loans, however, can the study which, under the ancient not go on indefinitely, and the only regime, was the staple of all edu- chance the Church has to recoup itself cation for China, is, by the modern financially is to raise the percei1tage reformers, eliminated entirely from of income tax from 20 to 25 per cent. the studies of Chinese youth. The But what will be the result? The Peking government requires that secessions, which are now moderate "morals" shall be taught in every in number, win be enormously inschool, and in Kwangtung province creased, and either the State will have the statement, "We use the Bible as to come to the aid of the Church with our text," is taken to be one way of a substantial grant-in-aid, or the State meeting this requirement. connection will receive its death blow.

RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN YOUNG WOMEN WANTED FOR GERMANY T FOREIGN WORK REPORTS of wholesale defections HE World's Young Women's from the Church in Germany have Christian Association has issued "an appeal for Christian Social Serbeen appearing recently and show that vice" in an outline of the w'ork which all the losses in Europe have not been is being carried on under its auspices from the Roman churches. During among young women in non-Christhe first four months of this year, tian lands, and for which more 40,000 persons have left the State workers are urgently needed. The Protestant Church and it is estimated secretaries sent out under this comthat in 1913 about 200,000 persons mittee by the Foreign Department of will secede in the area served by the the National Board of Young Wo- Berlin Synods. The question of com- men's Christian Associations in the pulsory church support is at the root united States are at work in India, of much of the movement. The law China, Japan and South America. says that a citizen is bound ta belong There are 27 such secretaries, eight ta some faith. If nominally a Prot- of whom have gone out during the estant, the forces of the State compel past yeeaa·r. One of the developments him to support the Protestant State in China is the sending of a trained Church; if nominally a Catholic, the gymnasium teacher as national direcsame compulsion is used far the bene- tor of physical education. She has ffiitt ooff tthhee CChhuurrcchh ooff RRoommee.. TTwweennttyy oovveerr 8800 yyoouunngg wwoommeenn iinn ggyymmnnaassiiuumm ppeerr cceenntt.. ooff oonnee''ss iinnccoommee ttaaxx iiss ccooll– ccllaasssseess iinn SShhaanngghhaaii..

AT A ROMAN CATHOLIC FESTIVAL IN

GUATEMALA CONDITIONS BY REV. EDWARD M. HAYMAKER, WARRENSBURG, MO.

OME Americans assume upheavals in Europe has brought about the same results in the New World. · that Guatemala or any It was this abuse of priestly prerog- S other Latin American ative that made Italy under Victor Emanuel and Garibaldi overthrow . nation can change papal domination; that set France ten years ago to fighting her own state t l quickly from the most church; that made Canalejas and anti- absolute despotism to Romanism possible even in Spain; the successful operation of an up-to- that impelled the many papal date republic. The United States did countries of the world to banish, with not reach this point of civilization disgust, their monastic orders and suddenly and Europe has been over close many of their convents. This three centuries in process of trans- priestly rule must always produce formation. It behooves us to lay finally a situation where life becomes aside supercilious criticism of the intolerable and the worm turns. governments of Latin America and to look frankly and sympathetically .In Guatemala a little group of enat their difficulties. lightened leaders, seeing their c01;lntry The disastrous character of the priestly rule that has produced general

moribund, easily enlisted the suffering measures on the part of the govern- Roman Catholics as a Liberal Party ment, that seem arbitrary or cruel to against their own Church, and suc- an enlightened American. But a ceeded in ousting the Italian hier- Guatemalan executive is not primarily archy, banishing religious associations, engaged in adjusting himself to alien separating Church and State, and criticism, but in struggling upward making all Church property national with his country to a higher degree of instead of ecclesiastical. Thereupon enlightenment, while· he heroically they found themselves confronted seeks to save it from returning to a with the Herculean labor of govern- despotism far more thoroughgoing ing a nation. . Many Liberals had than could be indicated by even the read and studied, but perforce were most arbitrary measures of his own. without experience in handling gov- He is necessarily surrounded by eneernmental machinery. Republican- mies and dangers-the Church party, ism appealed to them as theoretically ambitious colleagues, vengeful relabeautiful and at the same time as the tives of prisoners, factional idols, any strongest counteragent to Rome. of whom may promote an attempt upon his life. Then there is the evil politi- In practise there was one great cal effect of the slurs and ridicule of difficulty. This little group of leaders many an influential foreigner, resident had to deal with a public utterly un- or tourist, who has either never taken prepared for liberty, a people whose the trouble or never had the oppormoral, social and civic ideals had tunity to look into the conditions. been molded by the priest and his Surely if there is anybody who ought system. From this public they must to have the hearty sympathy and undraw their working and controlling stinted encouragement of every patforce for schools, customs, telegraph, riotic American and especially of every taxes, municipalities and courts, not Protestant Christian it is a Guateto mention a reliable army and a con- malan executive. stabulary. This impossible thing the Liberals have accomplished and have The religious beliefs of the Liberals not only held their own, but are in Guatemala have undergone violent gradually growing stronger. yet quite natural transformations. Tho often nominal Romanists, they The practical sense of the Liberal look upon the Church as merely the presidents has led them to adopt the conventional way to be named, maronly possible policy in the case, name- ried and buried. As most of these men ly: While maintaining the outward are too intelligent to be duped by form and ideals of a republic, to gov- empty forms or blinded to evil conseern with a strong hand. Meanwhile quences of sham, it is only a step to the they educate the people in the prin- conclusion that all religion is false. ciples of liberty and self-government Casting about for something to which and multiply the popular privileges they may cling and for a weapon with as fast as the people can safely use which to fight Rome, they found in them. This is keeping the razor out the Positivism of Auguste Comte of the youngster's hands until he has what appealed to them. They natursense and beard enough to use it. ally allied themselves with that branch This policy necessitates acts ancl

CONDITIONS

• of his followers who accept his phi- At the same time the Conservative losophy but reject his polity and element is becoming rapidly dere- religion. ligionized. The Friars have been But Positivism while furnishing a banished, and the native priests are weapon has not proved satisfying. dying off between four and five times Its moral results have been disas- as fast as they are being ordained. A trous. Then too the .philosophical resident priest now is unknown out- type of Comte's following has the side of the principal towns, and visits great disadvantage of having no ele- the smaller towns only once in several ment that is both beneficial and months. Outside of this the religious WO::MM.'E.N WASHING AT THE PUUBBTL_IC FQUNTAIN~ GUAT TEEM~AALLA adapted to the common people. Hence life is confined to the repetition of a after trying out Comte, many of the few prayers, the burning of a tallow Liberals are seeking a belief "that dip before a wooden image or cheap hath foundations, whose builder and print in the house, and an occasional maker is God." Spiritualism entered trip to a larger town to attend mass. the field Christians neglected, and has Even these forms are kept up by a had a phenomenal growth, but as diminishing minority. Fanaticism has its adherents begin to understand its lost its teeth. character, many are falling away. To-day we find a decided leaning of Thirty years ago, Protestantism both Positivists and Spiritualists to- began with nothing, not even a Bible. ward Protestantism and our Chris- There are now 52 Protestant centers tian duty is as clear as day. in Guatemala under several societies, varying in number from I2 to 300, and

the traveler may find a Bible in any cational festival that to a pageanthouse. It is easier to gather a congre- trained people tends to put education gation of 30 than it is to secure a in the front rank of public necessities, proper man to look after them. Four these all show what President Cabrera self-organized congregations are clam- considers most important. oring for the services of a native pastor, who already serves six congre- But ambition is insufficient. The gations, preaching all week. President must work through an army of employees, who should be All the currents are setting toward intelligent and moral. The moral Protestantism. factor is the weak point. Positivism does not tend to produce dependable Why do the Liberals favor this people, and it is coming more and form of religion? One of the sever- more into the light that character est blows against priestly prerogative spring from a definite moral and was the law guaranteeing liberty of spiritual conviction. conscience and freedom of worship. It was to make this law practical that The Presbyterian mission in Guate- mala has now·a girls' school equipped the great Liberal leader J. Rufino to produce teachers of the right kind .. Some of them will doubtless find Ba~rios took a personal interest in employment in the government establishing, and his successors in schools, not because they are Protestsafeguarding the Protestant Missions ants, but because they can be relied in Guatemala. After 30 years of on. A Honduras official last year Protestant object lessons, the Liberal offered to employ all the teachers the sympathy is becoming more cordial Friend's Society girls' school in Chiand less calculating as it becomes quimula could furnish. more obvious that Protestantism is not merely anti-Romanism, but is a It is very regrettable that the Protmighty positive force making for estant missionaries are as yet unable morality, industry, good citizenship to take advantage of this most stratand intellectual progress. There is a egic educational opening by establishgrowing conviction that the simple ing a thoroughly equipped boys' primitive principles of Christianity school. It is difficult to suppress envy are precisely what are needed to sup- when we see great benefactors of ply the missing moral factor for the humanity seeking some unpreempte,d solution of the great national prob- spot in which to found a great educalems. tional institution among the more than 500 splendid colleges and univer- In no line is the need of this moral sities in the United States. In Guateforce more evident than in that of mala there is now one of the finest public instruction. President Estrada opportunities ever known for the up- Cabrera has high ambitions for the lift of a nation. Like Diogenes with education of his people. His fine his lantern, we are looking for a man, school buildings all over the land; his -the man for this call, a strategist, a attempt to establish efficitnt schools cosmopolite capable of a vision of with free books, charts, and scientific world life, who understands historical equipment; public institutions to tram perspective and can look into the the people in the best practise on vital topics; and the great annual edu-

CONDITIONS 8I1r

years and see his Guatemala college to and independent of European inor university unfolding into the glo- f-l1uueenncce. rious flower and fruit of a ransomed nation-yes six nations, cooperating The Mayas, a very ancient people, with Christendom in a world's re- still inhabit northern Guatemala and demption. southern Yucatan. Their wonderful ruins in the Copan and Motagua val- The Gospel is for all. Yet human- leys show a social organization so comly speaking the conversion of Saul of plete and a development so extraordi- Tarsus was economically more impor- nary that the beholder is awed by tant than that of some incompetent their extent and grandeur. An antitent maker working beside him. The quarian of international repute recent- A l"AS HJ!ON ABL E STR EET IN GU ATEMALA CITY same is true of nations. "iVhat is lIy made the statement that the Maya Guatemala character worth? civilization was fully equal if not In her 63,000 square miles (New superior to that of ancient Egypt.

York State has only 49,(00) Guate- American antiquarians say that the mala has a million and a half of building of the Maya city of Quiri- people, whose blood, counting that in gua was contemporaneous with the Ladino veins, is about 85 per cent. ab- fall of the western Roman Empire.

original, of the industrial type of The Germans date it back 5,000 yee~,:rrss..

Indian. The pure blood aborigines But the fact that concerns us here even yet have many industries and is that the descendants of these people arts of their own that are. far from and of their aBllies and conquerors primitive, and which are all the more are with us yet, with their monu- valuable because developed previous .ments, their pride, and the traditions

of their mighty deeds, from all of Industry, when their labor and which are born the visions, instincts interest is protected; great respect and hopes that urge them on to a for lawful authority; fidelity in fami- more illustrious greatness that may ly relations; respect for parents; per- yet be theirs. Why have they not severance in seeking facts; a marked attained it in four centuries of Chris- conservatism; a strong spirit of sacri- tianity? The Iberian conquest re- fice for conscience sake; patience and ceives the credit of civilizing and endurance; ability to hold out under Christianizing the Latin American difficulties, like the Jews; natural world. What it did was to destroy taste for the fine arts; industrial and a very valuable indigenous civiliza- literary ingenuity; profound convic- tion, suggestive in its originality and tion; etc., etc. Vhat soil for the Gos- remarkable in its possibilities; break pel! Many of these characteristics the spirit of initiative of the people; of the Indian appear only to him who destroy their valuable records because wins their confidence. The Indian they were not Catholics; malign their leads a dual life, one for his con- civilization to the world; and reduce querors, the other for his own people.

the population to a condition of ser- Their obj ectionable features will be yitude and stagnation. It was in the found to be almost wholly due, not 16th century that northern Europe, to their innate character, but to their enlightened by the philosophy and vicious environment. The Indian science of pagan Greece threw off characteristics have taken up more of Romanism with its priestly tyranny, our space than the Spanish, because its ecclesiastical graft, its crass super- they constitute the determining factor stition, and its unspeakable immoral- in the temperament of the people, ity, as utterly unfit for human tolera- and will ultimately control the type tion. In that same epoch, that same and even the fate of the nation. The type of nominal Christianity, in its Spanish factor has many most excel- worst form, was imposed upon the lent qualities that need only the aborigines of Latin America. Could vitalizing power of Christianity to such a system Christianize anything? bring them out. In a word, the char- Their own writers, Las Casas and acter lines of the Guatemalteco Edward Gage, moved by sentiments are of the very best, but their moral of ordinary humanity, in spite of environment has been the very worst.

their religion, denounced the abuses The work of the Guatemala Mis- they saw in paragraphs of fire that sions should not be misconceived. It read like lost portions of the Irlferno. is not that of establishing a group The simple fact is that Guatemala of struggling Protestant churches.

was decivilized, and has never yet It is taking advantage of a matchless been Christianized. The Liberal rev- opportunity for the uplift of a Re- olution was the first great move- public by an all-around cooperation ment toward the light. with the native reformers. It is Reverting to the Guatemala char- giving to a land four-sevenths as acter as seen in the aborigines, a large as Italy the moral and spiritual careful analysis reveals the following factor that can fill it with happy valuable traits:- people and make it greater than the

I SAW IN

Roman Empire-a joy to itself and built and sang, and Israel blest an angel of light to the world. a world with the monotheistic reli- gion, a Bible and a Redeemer. "Ah, but we can't hope for much Among the aborigines of the New from people living in those climates. VifarId the colder climates produced They need the sting of winter in nothing better than the quarrelsome their blood to become a great people." Algonquin and the bellicose Arau- Let us see. canian, while the hot countries gave the Aztec, the Maya, the Chibcha and Egypt, the "cradle of civilization" the Inca. Vanity leads us to connect fanned itself and flourished by the zero weather with progress, but as a warm Nile and Sahara's sands. The matter of historical verity, up until ancient enlightenment and organiza- the time of the Reformation, indigetion of Babylon and Nineveh grew nous civilization seldom wore skates. in warm southern valleys amid the This suggests that the chief reason hot breath of the Asian deserts. The why Southern Europe and Central Hindus wrote Vedas, hewed out America are not to-day in the very temples and built palaces where the vanguard of progress is not the heated atmosphere dances on the thermometer but the miter. Their burning clust of Hindustan. The light has been smothered. It is our frost and snow left the races of mission to bring to them the light northern Europe submerged, while and liberty of the unadulterated all around the mild and sunny shore Gospel of Christ. of the Mediterranean Phoenicia traded, Rome ruled, Greece reasoned, WHAT I SAW IN CHINA BY STANLEY A. HUNTER, NEW YORK Late of the Arthur Ewing Christian College, Allahabad, India go N my way to China in ~ the summer of 1912, I in the Straits Settlements. Presiding 'stopt at Singapore, and over the meeting was a Mr. Song attended a meeting in Ong Siang, a refined gentleman, who, as ·a youth, had won a thousand- ~ the Princep Street pound scholarship from the govern- Church of the English ment and had thus received a splen- Presbyterian Mission. The room was did education in Cambridge Univer- filled with about 300 Chinese, most sity and the Inner Temple. He was of whom were young; all clean, man- a leader in the Chinese community ly and alert. Many were in foreign and he never refused to preach in the clothes. Not a cue was to be seen. church in an emergency, altho he was They had come to hear an address in a lawyer by profession. As we went English on the Chinese Revolution, out my attention was called to a which had been financed so largely by memorial stone over the door. It was their own millionaires and merchants to his father and the inscription read:

1830-1900 European cities. When that wall In Loving was being built 2,100 years ago all Memory of that China desired from outside nations was to be left alone. Her SONG HOOT K1AM "Flowery Middle Kingdom" was the middle of the earth and there was Pupil of nothing to be gained from foreigners. James Legge, LL.D. It mtlst have taken a virile nation to construct that great fortification When Baptized in 1846 which stretches for 1,500 miles across There were in all China Six the mountain heights, difficult of access, and broad plains. The virility Protestant Communicants. of the race that built it is still there; When he Died (the Year qf the and now the same energy that was once being turned to cut off com- Great Martyrdom) munication with the world is being There were over 80,000 utilized for increased traffic. Shall Christianity build a great wall That seemed almost impossible. around its blessings and isolate itself, When this father of the chairman of or shall it keep step with modern progour meeting was baptized there were ress in the interchange, sharing its only 6 Protestant communicants; to- best? The whole history of our faith day, according to the China Mission has been one of unselfish giving. Year-Book of 1912, there are 324,890 Protestant Christians, to say nothing Shall we exchange goods and not of the Catholics, who claim one con- ideas? On the steamer which brought vert out of every 299 inhabitants. me home was a consignment of $2,000,000 worth of silk and tons of This one incident was only an Chinese lilies. What shall be the introduction of great changes soon to cargo going westward? Hospital be seen in China. Opium cultivation appliances and printing presses or forbidden, foot-binding prohibited, only guns and cigarets? Wherever regard for the foreigner stipUlated, one goes in China the advertisements jury trial introduced, superstitions of American cigaret companies stare shattered, and a hundred other re- one in the face. Their agents have forms instituted, were heard of almost penetrated almost as far into the every day. interior as have the Standard Oil representatives, and Rev. Henry W. Fifty miles north of Peking we Luce, observing these two organizavisited the Great 1,500-mile Wall of tions and the missionary enterprise, China. That wall stood for the old said "they are all in China engaged on ideal of exclusion; our railroad train the errand of light, but light of what represented the new ideal of com- a different character !" munication. When this particular railroad is finished it will not take all the thirteen days that are now required to travel from Peking to the

CHUR CH SCH OOOL AT DZAKJ

THE GOSPEL WITH A STEREOPTICON IN TURKEY BY REO HEENNRRY H. RIGGGS, HARPUT, TURKEY Im.fpJREACHING with the make the real meaning of it all im- aid of a stereopticon is pressive. People paid fairly good a practically untried attention, but I have much to learn method in this region, before I can make this work effective. and it proves an ex- ceedingly interesting Dzak, November 211Sst. As there is and promlsmg experiment. The fol- no Protestant church here I did not lowing notes taken during the past think I would have an opportunity to few months are records of actual use the lantern, but the trustees of events as they took place. They will the Gregorian··Armenian church ·were give a first-hand impression of this persuaded to invite me to use their kind of missionary work. fine church, outside the village, on condition that the curtain be drawn Arabkir, Novveemmber 18th. This even- before the altar. As that was where I wanted to hang my screen I was ing the church was packed with 700 quite willing, and obliged them with people. It wwas a motley crowd which two curtains. There had been no showed the oriental aptittUude for time to give notice beforehand, but laughing at the wrong time. When I word was passed from roof to roof showed the truly tragic picture of and from door to door that there was Judas going out into the night to something new in the "Zham," so betray his Master, an audible titter that when the gong sounded the went over the room. It is hard to

people began streaming out to the When I asked them all to sit down church. By the time we were well and the lights were put out, there was started there was "no one left in the remarkably good order. The first village but the lame and the blind," slide bears the legend in Armenian, so the people said, afterward. They "Please keep silence," and the reare all Armenians, and were a friend- quest was heeded, as a fair proportion ly and appreciative audience. Who of those present were Protestants, can tell how much of the truth spoken who are accustomed to orderly serwent home! vices. Then the pictures were thrown on the screen, beginning with the Egin, December 7th. There were Annunciation, and giving scenes cononly 20 out to the Sunday morning nected with the birth, childhood, and service, but 250 saw the pictures of early ministry of our Lord. the Life of Christ this evening, including a score of Turks,-four of It is the first time a magic lantern them drunk! They were remarkably has been seen here; even ordinary orderly, and listened intently. Here, pictures are rare, and each view had as in Aghun, I spoke in Turkish, tho to be explained in detail. "Here is only a small part of the audience Jesus in a boat by the seashore";- were Turks. The Moslems are bitter but few of the audience ever saw the and resentful at the turn which the sea, much less a boat. All that must Balkan war has taken. This, perhaps, be pointed out, or the picture would accounts for so few coming, tho the mean nothing. lecture was well advertised. At the end of an hour and a half Haini, January 9th. The Protest- the people were told that the other ant church here seats 700 people. As pictures would be shown Friday eventhe hour for beginning the lecture ing. To-morrow evening the entire approached the hall gradually filled lecture will be given in Turkish, and and out of the 500 people who all were urged to bring their Turkish entered, at least 400 came straight for neighbors. the lantern to examine the strange apparatus. I stood guard, and had As the people started to leave the to watch every minute to prevent church there was a scene of inde- Injury. One man started to handle scribable confusion at the door. Each the slides, another pinched the rubber person had kicked off his shoes as tube from the generator, another re- he entered the church, and now the moved the cap from the lens and problem was to find them; and to poked in his finger to find out what pick out the right two from the 1,000 was inside. We deal with them tact- shoes strewn about the door is no fully, for they must be made friends easy matter, especially when it is and not enemies. One disgruntled dark, and 500 others are also on the visitor could disturb the whole lec- hunt. Some had been provident ture. I showed them everything, let enough to put their shoes in the racks them feel and smell the carbide, poke provided for the purpose, but most their fingers into the gas flame, and were too intent on getting a look at satisfy their curiosity in every prac- the lantern to think of that. After a ticable way. while the hubbub subsided as the crowd melted away into the night,

GOSPEL WITH A STEREOPTICON IN

and there remained only a weeping of a magic lantern; it is also their youngster who could not find his first hearing oa f the story of Jesus. shoes. He was finally persuaded to The officials were seated in properly go home with the only remaining honorable seats near the screen, and pair, two tattered remnants that fitted the house was filled up with a "larger him,-but were not his. There was crowd than last night. also an indignant man .who had only one shoe,-not even a remnant to As I spoke in Turkish to-night the cover his other foot. Armenian boys made it hard to pre- serve order. The Turkish gentlemen Has it paid? Did any impression also did not hesitate, at times, to of the story of love and power sur- exchange loud comments about the READY FOR THE PICTURES, PROTESTANT CHURCH AT HAINI vive in the souls of those ignorant pictures, and I had to wait repeatedly people? for silence. This time I did not begin with the Annunciation, for the Incar- Haini, January loth. Last even- nation is a great rock of offense to ing's lecture was the talk of the town Moslems. The first picture showed to-day. "Did you see the pictures?" John the Baptist preaching righteous- "I am going to-night." "I have heard ness and repentence. Then his prethe preachers many times before, but diction of "One that cometh after never was I so moved as last night"- me" was followed by pictures and such were the comments heard in the descriptions of the miracles of love market. and mercy and power, and the won- derful preaching of the Man of The Turkish governor of the town Nazareth. Then the question of his was especially invited to be present neighbors, "Whence hath this man this evening, and with him came this wisdom and these mighty works? quite a group of other Moslems. For them this is not only the first sight

Is not this the carpenter's son?" was of Wednesday night, and quiet and put to the audience. For answer, the lovely picture of the Annunciation attention seemed a long way off. Bewas thrown on the screen and the story 'of the miraculous birth of the fore darkening the room I told the Son of God was told, while the Moslems present listened in respectful small boys a couple of stories, and silence. then explained to all that the rule was The remainder of the story, childhood, ministry, parables, persecution, "no silence no pictures." When the death, resurrection and ascension seemed to be of absorbing interest to first picture was thrown on the all. Two hours passed, but stilI they listened. As the picture of the screen, there was a buzz of comment; ascending Christ was before them, there was a closing message to those another picture -likewise. self-satisfied Moslems. "Friends, our Gospel and your Koran both tell us "What is that black thing?" that this 'Adorable Jesus' will come again at the last day to be our judge. "He says it is a boat." Is it not the duty of all of us to know and heed the demands accord- "See the people on the shore." ing to which He will pass judgment?" "The man in the boat is holding Again there was the hurly-burly at out his hand." the door, but the governor and his suite lingered a few minutes. He In spite of repeated appeals for said, "The pictures were very good, and what you said was quite right. silence, after a few more pictures the This is no mere show, as I had supposed; it is a sermon, and a rebuke buzz threatened to rise to a roar, so to the people. It will do good. Thank you very much." I capped the lens and waited. Sur- Haini, January lIth. This even- prized by the darkness some stopt ing the church was packed. First came a great crowd of small boys, talking. "Silence I" the sharp word and it was hard to seat them and to quiet their chatter. But I confess the and the darkness did the business, greatest strain on my faith was when I saw enter, along with crowds of and you could hear a pin drop as the others, several of the worst young fellows in town,-uncontroIIable row- next picture came on. But they soon dies, whose rakish headgear and truculent swagger did not promise a forgot, and the treatment had to be peaceful evening. It was a very different sort of an audience from that repeated occasionally. Gradually they learned to listen instead of talk- mg. .

When the matchless parable of the Prodigal was reached, there was a buzz and a giggle at the pigs feeding around the despairing boy; but as his hopelessness and his new resolution were described, the people grew quiet.

There was a hushed "Ah!" as the beautiful final scene came on. The father, in his rich robes, embradng the ragged outcast, and lifting stream- ing eyes to heaven in thanksgiving.

The people listened intently,-breath- lessly–as I told them the meaning of the parable: "Is there someone here to-night who has wasted his life far from his Father's house? Even if you have come to the place where you are eating with the pigs, your Father is waiting for you,-waiting to wel-

come and receive you. Come home to through the drifts out to the church; Him! There will be joy in the pres- so that they were a wet, shivering ence of the angels over one sinner crowd. Still, they were eager to see that repenteth." There was a silence and hear, and apparently, as at Dzak, in the room that could ~e felt; what none stayed at home. What will not of those rowdies who swaggered in these people endure for a little variety an hour ago? in their dark, monotonous lives! The priest was very appreciative, and so The remainder of the lecture was were the "princes" of the church. listened to very quietly, and the story of the last days made a strong appeal. There was no such thing as a desk The picture of Christ before Pilate is or table, so I set up the book-rack a sermon in itself, and I asked the from which the priest reads, set my people to come Sunday morning to box on top of that, and the lantern on consider again Pilate's question, the box,-a rather high and top-heavy "What shall I do with Jesus?". arrangement, but fortunately no acci- dent happened, except that the gas We can not measure results, but gave out just before the last picture any doubt I had before as to the was shown. value of the lantern in this country is gone. In these three evenings at Farkin, Februacry 7th. It is not all least a thousand people have heard smooth sailing, even with a lantern! As the Gospel story who would not, in the Protestant church here is too small, all probability, have entered the it was arranged to have the illustrated church had not the pictures brought lecture on Sunday in the Gregorian them in. The pictures do carry home church. The service was at noon, and the feeling of reality as words can nearly a thousand people were present. not. The second picture was on the screen, and I was trying to quiet that rest- Dibneh, January 15th. Last even- less mass of people, when the Vartaing I had a good audience, in spite bed (chief Armenian Prelate of the of most unfavorable circumstances. place), appeared, and crowding his The Protestant chapel is very small, way to the front, burst forth in a so the Gregorian priest invited me to terrible storm of abusive language. use his church. Of course there was At first I thought he was trying to no stove there, and it was bitterly quiet the people, so I tried to proceed, cold. I do not see how anyone but he broke forth again, and ordered could sit through the service on that all windows opened. It was not until thin straw matting over the cold I approached near enough to note his stones. But about half of the breath that I realized what the audience had already sat there for trouble was. Reasoning with him two hours through New Year's mass was of no use, tho he had previously and a sermon by the priest ;-for it been consulted and approved the use was Oriental New Year's Day. To of his church for that purpose. But cap the climax of difficulty for the unreasonable and drunk as he was, he audience, yesterday came the worst was supreme authority there, so there blizzard of the season, and the boys was nothing. for me to do but pack up and men had been shovelling roofs my lantern and leave. all day. Everybody had to tramp

Pandemonium broke loose then, and where else, and when I used the before I got out of the church there lantern our little chapel, which will was a rough-and-tumble around the hardly seat 300 people, was packed Vartabed; some of the disappointed with nearly 500 men,-which nearly people wanted to beat him, but others wrecked the building I-and how they came to his defense. For an hour listened! there was uproar there, and all through the week the town has been A Moslem who was present drew a agog over it. Everyone is down on crowd afterward telling what he had the Vartabed, of course, and profuse seen, and one of the leading Begs of in their apologies to me. But few the place made inquiries as to whether realize what a mockery it is to have I could show the pictures again for such a man at the head of that great them. But the Moslems are all church. One result has been a far stirred up now over the renewal of larger attendance at the daily preach- hostilities in the Balkans, and the ing services than I have had any- arrangements for a continuance of the pictures were not completed.

FOR ALL THY MISSIONARY SAINTS For all thy saints who labor on we pray- Thy patient, toiling saints, who still are here Climbing and faltering up life's rugged way- Forget them not, 0 Lord, to them be near!

For all thy saints in far-flung lines, who still Gallantly raise thy standard 'gainst the foe, We plead-oh, show them perfectly thy will, Give them the succors of thy hand to know.

Help them, with lifted heads, to stem the tide Of hostile forces menacing their lives, Aid each true saint on fields of battle wide, As with the ranks of sin he sternly strives.

These are thy saints, 0 God-as truly thine As those that rest before the great White Throne.

May they at last in that same radianc.e shine, May they, like them, be numbered as thine own.

May they, when life's long fight is fully o'er, Join in that hallelujah chorus grand Amongst the victors, gathered on heaven's shore, Who, crowned and robed in white, triumphant stand.

So, for thy saints who labor still, we pray, Thy fainting, faithful saints-O Friend Divine, Let them be circled by thine arms to-day, And soon, like those who rest, in glory shine! -ELIZABETH STRANG BAIRD in The Pa·cific Baptist.'

A TWICE-BORN "TURK"-PART

THE REMARKABLE REMINISCENCES OF A CONVERTED MOSLEM SHEREEF TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Nile Mission Press OUT OF WORK IN CAIRO IjDJOCTOR: Welcome, you Sheikh: At times I gave general find me expecting you, religious instructions, at times preach- ing and the issuing of Fetwas, and at my son. Let us go to other times teaching in the schools (induding my own private school); ~ ~ Dr. X. With regard at another time editing a magazine; but the greater part of my life I was ~ to your son, how do you expecting to inherit the wealth of my family, consequently the greatest part propose to fill up his of my instruction was given gratis.

time? Ph.D.: From whom is your family descended then? Sheikh: My boy's natural inclina- Sheikh: It is descended from Aly tion is toward carpentering and he ibn Hamud . . . ibn Idris, who fled to Morocco from the battle with his has often pulled the tools about. He nephew Husain ibn Aly ibn Hassan ibn Aly ibn Abu Talib, and who rewas apprenticed to the setting of ceived the fealty of the Moslems in Morocco in A.H. 172. There were type at a press in Beirut, but he did descended from him twelve Xhalifas.

not persevere with it because he After giving an account of the Moslem wars in Spain, the Sheikh thought his grandfather's fortune turned to the Doctor and said: "It is getting late, we will meet again, but would be his and there was no need in the meantime will you grant me one request?" to bother. I have not, however, re- Doctor: Ask what you like, I will ceived the inheritance. Perhaps he do my very best to help you.

might learn in a printing press for Sheikh: May God bless you. You know the condition of personal and the time being. The matter shall religious liberty in the Ottoman Em- pire, even tho it professes to have be as you think best. . constitutional principles.

Doctor: This is our friend, the The reasons for this condition of things are: The numerous religious Doctor of Philosophy. divisions; the great differences in habits and customs; the poverty of (The usual Oriental salutations take place and the conversation con- tinues.) Sheikh: As your time is valuable, I will summarize my remarks by saying that after scientific and practical test- ing of the various religions I have found the Way of Truth and Life.

But since Syria, as you know, is a land of religious fanaticism and of divisions I was not able to remain there, especially on account of my family connections.

PhD.: What was your profession in Syria?

the country; differences in the lan- pied, as Egypt has been, by the guages; different elements of nation- British.

ality; widespread ignorance; exces- Doctor: Did you bring your family sive love of self, found both among with you? How many are they?

rulers and subjects. These are dead- And did you receive anything of ly diseases which cut at its life, some- your father's inheritance?

what similar to a number of warring Sheikh: I only brought my boy with principalities and savage tribes of me. He is 17 years old, but as for days gone by. On the other hand, his mother, she promised me that she in accordance with natural evolution would come when I could provide a and "the survival of the fittest" you dwelling-place for her and have find each of these elements contend- enough to support her. The only ing for the mastery and extending other member is my daughter, and I the borders of their own district am in despair of her salvation, for with mutual envy and jealousy. This she is married to a Moslem hus- is due to the oldest known eastern band and has children.

disease, namely, the love of leader- As for my father's legacy, I have ship, which causes them always to be only received a very little, for when at war with tne another. he found that I was straying from Look, for instance, at the provinces Islam toward Christianity he of- of Yemen, Baghdad, Macedonia, Ar- ficially registered certain documents menia and others, through the mu- to show that he had left his property tual animosities of Turks and Arabs, to my three brothers, to be divided and even dissensions in the new par- between them. At the time of his liament, the Mab'uthan. Now, if you death I was absent at Beirut, and the apply the gage to past history and keys to his private boxes were in the see what has happened to all nations hands of his wife (not my mother).

similarly situated, you will know what There was no ruler to watch the to expect from the present condition property, for the simple reason that of things. the deceased himself was the ruler.

It is impossible for one holding my When the boxes were finally opened views and in my position to live we did not find any of the wealth or among people who hold that blind the belongings that had been in fanaticism is the chief of religious them.

virtues, quoting in support of it tra- As my brother had robbed my ditions sound enough in their at- father during his lifetime, I entered tribution, being traced directly to a claim against him in the religious Mohammed himself, among them: court, but as bribery is always prev- "Whosoever changeth his religion, alent I lost the case after I had kill him"; which explicitly states that spent upon it all my share of the if anyone leaves the religion of Is- furniture left in the house.

lam, his blood, his honor, his wealth, I therefore came away and a his everything are lawful booty. friend loaned me sufficient money to Therefore, I have come as an emi- hring me tb Cairo. If you have work grant to Egypt, and here I must re- for me I shall be grateful, and if YOll main unless Syria is some day occu- have any work for my boy I beg you

A TWICE-BORN "TURK"

to see about it as quickly as possible, I will ask them to hasten. Have you as I have only enough money to keep patience to teach primary lessons?

us a few days. Sheikh: Not only have I patience, Ph.D.: As regards your boy, there but I have great delight in teaching is no difficulty, God willing, he will simple children the elements of read- prosper all right. As for yourself, I ing and writing, for I myself opened would have· been glad to have you a private school in the town of Lata- here. But I can not, because there kia to teach reading and writing, and are many Mohammedans coming to also the four simple r·ules of arith- my place; especially the Sheikhs, who metic and religious instruction. Their would know you, for some of them progress in ten months brought me come from Syria, and they would great gain, altho ten of them were even know from your style of writing taken in freely and the cost charged that you have been a Moslem Sheikh. to God's account.

This, no doubt, would expose you The school, however, had not been to great risk. started two years when that appeared Sheikh (laughing at this warning) : for which we would have given our Your brotherly love is evident, but own souls during 20 'years, namely, you do not know, my friend, that my the "Dustoor" (Constitution). The desire is to be a real Christian in Unionist . Society made me director deed, not in name. Our Master said, of the National School, to enlighten "If any man will follow Me let him the teachers along with the pupils, deny himself, and take up his cross that they might gradually leave re- and follow Me. For whosoever will ligion and take up the three prin- save his life shall lose it; but who- ciples of the Society of Union and soever will lose his life for my sake, Progress-liberty, equality and frater- the same shall find it." nity. There the events happened As is well known, the seeker after which caused me to be arrested and truth, or rather after eternal life sent to the military court at Con- with the Beloved in the eternal habi- stantinople. Kindly excuse me now.

tations, cares not what may befall him. The light of faith given from Sells His Books God freely is reflected into all his trials and temptations, which become The Sheikh went out and said to converted into grace, by means of his boy, "Come along, my son, we which the believer increases in spiri- must go and sell all the books and tual prosperity. I have experienced things that I have inherited from this myself. If my presence in your your grandfather." They went to office would injure you materially or the station and took possession of the morally in the least, let me sacrifice cases and bags and the rest of their myself, for I would not like to in- effects and went on to deposit their jure you. goods at the doctor's, and then in- Ph.D.: I will speak on the tele- terviewed one of the Islamic libraries.

phone to some friends, who may pos- The director sent a lad to open the sibly give you some employment as boxes, and he found a large book, en- a teacher in one of the schools, and titled, "Holy Bible." He immediate-

ly turned to the Sheikh and speaking between men in that on which they in an ordinary way, as tho it were a were disagreeing."

usual remark, said, "Is this the dirty Is it right, then, my brother, for Bible ?" you to give expression to such a The Sheikh took it at once from wicked phrase when the Koran has him, looked at it earnestly, and said, said these things about the Holy "I see no dirt upon it; whence, then, Scriptures?

should it be called 'dirty'?" Now I know well the accusations "Oh," said the boy, "because it is of some concerning the alleged cor- full of lies about God and His ruption of the Old and New Testa- apostles and prophets, upon whom be ments. This has no evidence to sup- prayers and peace." port it, and the Koran itself denies Sheikh: I am surprized at you. it as do also history and reason. How How can you attribute lies to the many years, my brother, did I spend book of which the Koran claims to sitting up at night searching into the be the preserver, effectually preserv- subject until the truth was revealed ing it from all alteration and cor- to me from clear proofs that the Holy ruption? It says in Sura, "Now;' ad- Bible is the very scripture which God dressing the people of the Scriptures, sent by the mouth of His prophets, "Believe in what has been sent down and which the pearls of its truths as a confirmation of that which is have been preserved from every sub- given you." Then in the same Sura, stitution, alteration and corruption, al- "We have given Moses the book and tho it has been translated into more have sent other apostles after him, than 400 languages and goes on and we have given Jesus the Sop of being translated even now. Some an- Mary, the evident signs, and we have cient copies go back some hundreds given Him. the Holy Spirit . . . and of years before the birth of Moham- there came to them a book confirming med and, when compared with the that which was with them." In printed copy as found at the present another verse it says, "Those to time the meanings are found to be whom we have given the book and the same, neither added to nor taken read it aright, they believe in it. from. Therefore, with these proofs, Those who disbelieve it, they are the is it not wicked ignorance to make iniquitous ones." The Koran has the idle claim of alteration and cor- taught us to believe in all the Holy ruption? I advise you to let alone Scriptures just as we believe in it- what some men say who claim to be self. In verse 136, "Say, we have scholars, but who are not known to believed in God and what he sent science. They have never tasted of down to Abraham and Ishmael and it anything but their own imagina- Isaac and Jacob and the tribes and tion.

what was given to Moses and Jesus Lad: May God guide you as you and what was given to the prophets have guided me.

from their Lord. We make no dif- Sheikh: But such guidance can ference between them." In verse only be given to you by repentance.

21 3, "He sent down to them the Now, as a pledge of your sincere re- Book with truth that it might judge pentance, will you kindly accept from

A TWICE-BORN "TURK"

me this Holy Bible as a present, and A Christian Apostate promise that you will read it every As he went along the Musky night, a few pages with reflection, Street we saw a great crowd of away from other people, and anything roughs raising their voices and shout- that you may find in it difficult to ing, "Peace upon Mohammed," and understand you can ask me about it, following a young man who was or you can ask someone else. mounted on a donkey, holding in his Lad: I have repented before God of hand a lighted candle, altho the sun my sin and I promise to do what was still up, and on his head a you ask. white cap on which was written, Sheikh: Thank you. May God "There is no deity but God, and make your repentance sincere. Let Mohammed is the apostle of God."

us now return to these books and Son: What IS this procession, consider the way of disposing of father?

them, for I am in need of the money, Sheikh: The boy on the donkey has however little it may be. become a Moslem. I think he was a Lad: Be so good as to speak to Christian before, Mustafa.

the director about that and I will help Son: Why did he become a Mos- you all I can. lem and leave the religion in which The narrator then saw the Sheikh he was born?

go into the office of the director, Sheikh: I have seen some Christian where they drank coffee, and after lads in Syria become Moslems, but I asking about his family and town, the never saw anyone who remained true director said, "As you are one of the to Islam, for they only did this in honorables, it is incumbent upon me order to gain the love of some to assist you to dispose of. these woman, or on account of extreme books. I will speak to the book shop- poverty, or for fear of vengeance or keeper on the telephone and send the an enemy, or because of the softening books with this lad. He will sell of the brain. Our Moslem brethren them by public auction." do not stop to consider what is the He then called the lad and said, motive for apostasy to Islam, for "Put the books back into the box their prophet says, "Ours are the out- and go with this professor to sell them ward appearances, but God's are the in the market by auction, but be secrets." If any Moslem finds a per- careful to watch his rights even son come to him wishing to become more than you will watch our own a Moslem, it is incumbent upon him rights, for he is come as a blessing to teach him the two Shahadas and to us." the necessity of disavowing any re- The lad promised him faithfully so ligion opposed to Islam.

to do. They emptied the box of Sometimes lads come to me, ask- books and put them in the shop and ing to become Moslems, but I would said, "Leave them till to-morrow ask them, from what motive? Some morning, that we may negotiate." would say that they had seen dreams The Sheikh agreed to that, and he . in which Mohammed or one of his and the boy went away to meet their followers appeared to them, advising friend in the Ezbekieh Gardens. them to seek Islam. Others said that

there were things in Christianity in his absence to discuss the time for which the brain could not receive, his baptism and his reception into tfie such as the doctrine of the Trinity Church. But if they find that he fails of persons in One essence. to come up to their expectations, they Once, in a mosque at Tripoli, I will tell him to continue attending the met a man who had left Christianity church and they will give him spiritual for Islam, and I asked him the rea- instruction and teach him to pray to son for the change. He replied that God for sincerity and for growth in he had discovered Christian theologi- faith. Then, when they are clear as cal difficulties which his reason had to the will of God, they will either been unable to accept! I found it receive him or reject him.

difficult to restrain myself from For this reason, the chief cause for laughing in his face. When he the conversion of most of those who prest me to know the reason for my leave Islam for Christianity is one of amusement, I said, "If you have left two things: either evidence from the one religion on account of things Bible and the Koran as to the truth of which reason can not accept, you will the Christian religion and the false- find in Islam more of such non- ness of Islam, or the Holy Spirit has sensities than in any other religion. brought the light of God, revealing the There are many more than in the truth that he may follow it.

religion you have left." He was Son: I see that the Christians go completely silenced. on gradually being established in the However, you should know, my son, faith, different from the Moslems.

that the Christians in general, and the Sheikh: True, for the tradition evangelicals in particular, are entirely says: "Deliberation is of God, and different fnlm the Moslems in this, hurry is of the deviL" Now, Islam for when anyone comes to them earn- admits this truth, but the learned estly wishing baptism, the Church men advise haste in such a very im- council will meet and they will ask portant matter as the initiation of him as to his father and his age; converts.

where his parents are living; whether Lad: Father, look at the young man he is responsible and married; has he sitting on the mat wearing a red tur- a trade by which he can live; what was ban. See how the women and men his motive for wishing to become a are kissing his hands and he is speak- Christian; what was the difficulty ing to them in a speech not under- which caused him to leave Islam; and stood. Some of them he beats with a what is his proof as to the authenticity stick, and they are giving him money of the Christian religion? They will . to get a blessing from him. See how then ask him concerning his knowl- he wipes his fingers across the cheek edge of things that all Christians are of a woman and she is very glad. He supposed to know. If it is clear that prophesies to the ignorant ones as to his only object is to save his soul from their fortunes, claiming to see the plan eternal perdition by believing in the of the future.

only Savior, and when he has sufficient tSheikh: That fellow has inherited knowledge concerning the Christian his job from his father, who on ac- life and faith they will meet privately count of his laziness and love of ease

A TWICE-BORN "TURK"

profest to weak-minded people to be mouths, in every mouth 70,000 tongues a Vali, and through his various and every tongue doing a Dhikr schemes he received a certain credit (mention of God) in 70,000 languages. among ignorant people until they pro- All this is written on a sheet. Every vided for all his necessities, thinking one who reads and carries this, God to obtain a blessing from so doing. will preserve him in his body, in his After his death his boy took up the soul, in his wealth, and in his family same despicable trade, for his father and in his house and his possessions had neglected to teach him any pro- in this world and the next, and prefession by which he could earn an serve him from the torment of the honest living. There are in Egypt grave and the question put by Munmany more like him. In Syria there kar and Nakir to him. Death will be are not so many as here. I have had easy to him and God will give him experience with these rascals in both the reward of 70,000 prophets and countries for some years when I was on the day of resurrection his face investigating religions to find a creed shall shine as the full moon. He that would agree with the Words of shall be clothed in 70,000 garments God. from Paradise, and shall walk upon the Sirat (bridge of eternity) like Lad: Who are these, dancing to the lightning, being mounted upon one of sound of a pipe and shouting like wild the camels of Paradise which he shall beasts? not leave until he enters it."

Sheikh: These, my boy, are doing Narrator: The turbaned man began the D hikr (mention of the names of to collect money from the people say- God) and these are the "Dancing Der- ing that it is not allowable to sell the vishes," who whirl around howling un- printed papers but that people might til they lose consciousness from sheer present him with the money and he fatigue. would make them a present of this wonderful prayer (charm). After Impostures folding it and kissing it and giving it he would instruct the recipient to Lad: Look at this old turbaned man put a little piece of waterproof round who looks like one of the teaching it and then to put it into a little Sheikhs who is standing on a platform, sealed tin case. giving a lecture, and in his hand are printed papers. Lad: What is the truth about this, father? Sheikh: Let us go and hear what he says: Sheikh: This man is one of the lazy scamps who have found no "0 servants of God, say, God is one means of earning a livelihood more and pray for the prophet." easy than this devilish scheming. He lies in the name of the angels and This is the prayer of our Lord prophets. and even of God Himself. Ukasha, a companion of the prophet of in order to deceive men with myths, God, upon him be prayers and peace, defrauding them, not only of their whom Gabriel brought down to the money, but also of their intellect and prophet and with him 70,000 angels, their religion. Probably after he has every angel having 70,000 wings, on every wing 70,000 feathers, on every feather 70,000 heads, on every head 70,000 faces, on every face 70,000

sold these papers he will sit at his about in the world after death and door, and numbers of women will are the professors of religion satiscome to give him money to predict fied with such vain beliefs? the future for them. Having prescribed certain drugs he will take Sheikh: My boy, the answer to enormous fees from them. Who- your first question can be clearly ever looks into the Islamic law, will found in the Koran as it says (Ant: find these things to be entirely illegal 80) that the dead and. the deaf can according to a number of Mohamme- not hear the call, and in the chapter dan traditions. of the Angels, "The living and the dead are not equal. God heareth Let us now go to the Husain whom he pleaseth. Thou canst not Mosque. cause those that are in the graves to hear." There is, however, a Had- A Form of Polytheism ith which contradicts this. [The Sheikh gave it all in detaiL] Lad: What is the crowd at the door of the mosque and what is all Altho the founder of Islam forthis shouting? bade in the first place the visitation of the graves and then allowed it in Sheikh: The crowd is wishing to order that we might profit by the visit the tomb. The shouting is example of the deceased ones, yet he simply the voices of those who are never gave permission to go to the proclaiming the virtues of Husain, grave to receive blessing or to offer while others are crying aloud to him vows or to ask intercession or to to fulfil their needs and some are pray for the relief of needs; rather, calling upon his grandfather, Moham- the spirit of Islam reckons that to be med, for they hold that he is present a kind of polytheism, so that the at the Moulid as some of the Walis prophet himself said, lest they should have stated. They are supposed to fall into this error, "Do not take meet him awake, and ask him ques- my grave as a place of prayer": they tions about abstruse subjects, and he have so far disobeyed him that they is supposed to answer them. They have not only taken his grave but the even profess to assemble with many graves of his followers as places of other prophets so much so that Mu- prayer, or rather as idols which hyid-Din accounted as his tutors should be worshiped along with Abraham and Jesus, and said that he God. All praise to the W ahhabis learned many sciences from them and the Mutazila (the puritans of verbally, for he had seen them walk- Islam) who have exposed these sins ing along in the streets and used to in their writings. salute them. Lad: Listen, father, to what these Lad: Even if we suppose that the head of Husain was in this tomb, ignorant men say: "0, Husain, for could it even then hear their speech and understand their words, being the sake of yom grandfather, the dead? altho, as a matter of fact, that prophet, heal my eye, look at my sick. which is here is only the head with- boy. Thou art a generous one, 0, out the rest of the body. Even if Husain, etc." we admitted this absurdity can Husain or any other created being walk Sheikh.' Leave them in their folly wandering along. Let us now enter

A TWICE-BORN "TURK"

this court which is prepared for the dressing up the outside of the body chanting of the Koran. Look at the and quite forgetting the inside which man on the speaker's seat. He is the may be filled with ever-increasing one who is going to do the chanting. secret diseases, so that their manners are corrupted and their hearts filled Narrator: After they had sat there with envy, pride, hypocrisy and other for half an hour they rose and came sms. out of the mosque and upon Mustafa's face could be seen much sur- Lad: Who are those people smokprize and astonishment at what he ing tobacco out of a shisha (Nargileh had witnessed and the musical intona- made of a cocoanut shell) sitting on tion and the pleasure of the hearers the ground like dervishes? I see and their echoing of the sounds every them looking out of the corners of time he came to a suitable pause, their eyes afraid that someone will showing their appreciation by calling see them. "Allah, Allah" and "Ya salam" as tho it were a concert of mirth, in Sheikh: Those are Hashish smokwhic~1 there were no traces of wor- ers, who are afraid that the pollce ship ~t all. will see them, for the Egyptian Gov- ernment prohibits its importation to Lad: But is this allowable in Egypt because it brings with it ter- Islam? rible diseases such as madness, par- alysis and consumption, also it causes Sheikh: Know, my son, that the first laziness which in its turn brings povobject of much rehearsal of the Koran erty; but, sad to say, it remains prevwas to cause spiritual meditation in alent in Egypt, either on account of order to profit by its exhortations and the carelessness of individual policeits commands and avoid that which it men, or through their unfaithfulness prohibits. Yes, the Moslems have to their government, as I have often been instructed to train their voices seen people smoking it with a policein chanting it and to exercise Arab man guarding them lest anyone tones in doing so, but you have been should see. seeing them now as a matter of fact rehearse it for the sake of its musical I, however, blame the authorities intonation and the pronunciation of that they have allowed them liberty the sounds, and they are neither edi- to sell such things as Menzol. fied, nor do they even understand They have shops in some streets to of hs meaning anything but that sell this deadly poison which dewhich is on the surface, while they do stroys body intellect and wealth. Mennot act upon it at all. Their obedience zol is not any less injurious than is turned into disobedience, since they Hashish probably, as it incites the spend their energy in the pronuncIa- sensual desire, from which may God tion of the sounds, so that they are preserve us. like people who spend all their time (To be continued.)

PRESBYTERIAN MISSION SCHOOL AT TUCSON , ARRLI:~OONNA

AMERICAN INDIANS AND THE GOSPEL BY JOHN W. CLARK, NEW YORK Executive Secretary of The National Indian Association HE Indian population Indians. All such work is important and there is need of it, but most immT of the United States, portant is the work of Christian exclusive of Alaska, missions carried on by various boards and societies. The present condi- on June 30, 1912, was tion of the Indians presents a favor- reported by the Com- able opportunity for an increase of missioner of Indian such work.

Affairs to be 327,425, of whom For the Indian this is a period 300,930 were under Federal super- of transition from the old to a vision. In the same report we are told that: new order of things. The reservation system and tribal organizations are Of 1I8844,784 Indians reported upon, rapidly giving place to the individual 9O,341 speak the English language, ownership of land. It is often a diffi- and 54,843 read and write the cult thing for the Indian to adapt English language. himself to the new order, and just now when old tribal props and re- Of 1I9933,609 Indians reported upon, straints are being removed he needs 1I4<9W,7,7221 wear modern attire. help to enable him to hold his own as a man among other men. The Chris- Of 1I8866,398 Indians reported upon, tian missionary better than anyone 78,543 are citizens of the United else can give that -help, for he has a States. larger opportunity than anyone else to reach the home of the Indian and Much is being done to-day by Government and by voluntary agencies to influence him to live a pure life, both educate the Indians, to teach them the physically and morally. Only as the laws of health and the principles of sanitation and to train them in habits of industry. Some voluntary organizations also are looking after the natural and political rights of the

INDIANS AND THE

Indian is brought under the power of Iization of the Indians were not the Gospel of Christ is he adequately wholly abandoned. A few decades fitted to meet these changing condi- later began the westward march of tiens of his life and to get from our the white man, the consequent civilization the best it has to give him. "Indian wars," and the forced re- moval of the tribes from territory Early Missions formerly occupied by them to tracts of land set apart for their use by the The history of Indian missions gcvernment. For a long time these shows that in the early days of events interfered with the successmissionary effort among them, the ful prosecution of Indian mission Indians welcomed Christian teaching THE JOHN ELLIIOT MEMORIAL CHAPELJJ PAPAGO MISSION, TUCSON, ARIZONA and sought to transmit the blessings work. Under the system of wardof the Christian religion to their ship created by the government the children. Following those early sSuLlcC– Indian's spirit of independence was cesses on the mission field, however, largely broken; treaties made with there came a time when the bright various tribes were ruthlessly violated promises of a rich and abundant by our nation, and the red man beharvest were blasted by adverse came suspicious of the white man. events. During the latter part of the But nothwithstanding the dark chapeighteenth century the work of the ters in the history of our dealings Christian mIssIOnaries was almost with the Indian, the records of Chrisfatally interrupted by political strug- tian missions prove that he responds gles and the War of the Revolution. to Christian teaching. To-day the Yet even then efforts for the evange- attitude of the Indian race, as a

whole, toward the white race is had devoted its efforts to secure legal friendly, and this is due for the most recognition and protection for Inpart to the faithful and patient work dians, began missionary work. This of Christian missionaries. work is somewhat unique in character and needs a word of explanation. Protestant mission work for the The policy of the association is to do Indians may be said to have begun III pioneer work among unevangelized 1636 when Roger Williams, the Bap- tribes. After opening a mission statist preacher, started his purely per- tion and meeting the expenses of sonal work among the Pequots and erecting the needed buildings, such Narragansetts and the tribes in station with the property gathered is Rhode Island. Ten years later the THE GOOD SAMARITAN HHOOSSPPIlTAL FOR NAVAJOS AT INDIAN WELLS, AR]ZONA This hospital was erected by the National Indian Association work of Williams was extended by the given to one of the Protestant denomi- Congregational missionaries Mayhew national mission boards on its underand Eliot. In 1741 the Lutherans, taking a continuance of the work. the Society of Friends, the Protest- The Association's most recent enterant Episcopal Church, the Moravians prise is the erection and equipment of and the Presbyterian Church had a hospital and dispensary in connecentered the field. Organized work tion with its mission to the Navajo by the Baptists began in 180r. This Jbaddiiaanns in Arizona. was soon followed by organized work of the Congregationalists, Meth- In 1895 the Women's Committee of odists and Mennonites. the Board of Domestic Missions of the Reformed Church of America Preasent·Day Minions began work at Colony, Oklahoma, and has since entered other Indian In 1884 The National Indian Asso- fields. Out of the work at Colony ciation, an undenominational organi- under the late Dr. W.. C. Roe and his zation which for five years previously wife, there has grown up a philan-

INDIANS AND THE

thropic enterprise for the benefit the Indian mission field and has con- of the Indians known as "Mohonk ducted missions among various tribes. Lodge," with "home" and "indus- According to statistics given by the trial" departments. Rev. William Hughes, in an address at the 1912. Mohonk Indian Confer- A forward step in Indian mISSIOn ence, the Indian work of the Roman ,'{ork of recent years was the appoint- Catholic Church is carried on at 137 ment of an "Indian Committee" by centers, and the number of Roman the Home Missions Council of the Catholic Indians is "estimated at Protestant mission boards. This about 100,000,"* and this Church has committee works for a practical 55 boarding and 8 day schools. cooperation by the Protestant forces in the division of mission fields, the The Young Men's and the Young gathering of data concerning neg- 'vVomen's Christian Associations are lected tribes of Indians and the locat- engaged in an important work among ing of new mission stations. The the pupils in the various Government rr;;ults of this work are seen in the TnJian schools and among the reavoidance of an overlapping of work, ttlrned students on the Indian resera better understanding of the needs vatioas. of the great field, and a deepening of interest and an increase of effort in Among the humanitarian enter- Indian work among the various prises carried on by the mission denominations. The committee under- boards and other voluntary agencies took a tabulation of statistics of all none are more fruitful in beneficent the evangelical Church missions on results than their medical and hospithe Indian field, and the following tal work. tabie gives a summary of the result. '.lhese statistics were gathered in The latest report of the Commis- 1910 and tho incomplete they are the sioner of Indian Affairs gives the latest to be tabulated and show statistics relating to the Indian scholapproximately the extent of the work astic population. From those statisof the Protestant forces to-day. Dur- tics the summary on page 834 is taken. ing the past year some boards have; reported an increase in the number of School facilities are therefore their mission stations or in their needed for 20,000 Indian children of working f·')rces. school age on the reservations. A Early in the history of our country *This is an estimate. Mr. Hughes' words are the Roman Catholic Church entered quoted. In 1910, Dr. Ketcham claimed for the Roman Catholic Church the same number of Indians, but he stated that of this number only 40,000 were "good Catholics."

INCOMPLETE STATISTICS OF INDIAN CHURCHES AND MISSIONS OF THE PROTESTANT BOARDS Ordained Commissioned .I!I -'0" <i " '" " Number of ., ·a~ ;':" 0 E Boards and 0 '".".. ill ~ Societies ".~ «>. ., OJ Ministers Helpers Q 18 f".l ~ -e" aa" ~ 00 ~ ''"" '"" rJlU-" White Native "'hite Native 0 -< "rJJ 00 U – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – — — 174 318 397 164 211 114 191 26,532 60,347 342 16,083

MISSION SCHOOLS Number of Number of Enrolment Teachers and' Boards and Mission Helpers Societies Schools White Native Carrying on Mission Schools 13 35 1819 145 5 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE DURING YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1912 N umber of Indian Numher of Indian Number of Indian Number of Indian Numher of Children Eligible Children in Children in Children in Eligible Indian Government Mission and Children not in for School Schools Public Schools Attendance Private Schools Schools *65,093 24,341 4,779 17,011 18,962 *There wert"! 72,603 Indian children of school age in 1912. 7,510 were ineligible for school attendance becau~e of illne'ss, deformity, etc.

great need is presented here and' a these native Americans to Christ is large opportunity for an increase in one which every American Christian the number of mission boarding and should feel pressing upon him. day schools. One weak feature of Protestant mission work among the The work of the Christian mission- Indians is the fewness of such schools. ary among the Indians is often a There is great need for the training very difficult one. Pagan superstiof Indian young people in Christian tion and practises have a deep and character, and that training should powerful hold upon Indian life. Add be given in mission schools in con- to these the vices of intemperance nection with the various mission sta- and gambling for which the white tions. man is largely responsible, and the encouragement given by many well- The work outlined above reveals a meaning, but, in my opinion, mislarge amount of missionary effort, taken, people to the old-time Indian and doubtless many people have the dances because of the picturesque impression that all the Indians in our features of some of them, and the land are evangelized. Such is not whole forms a barrier that is not the case, for the statistics gathered in easily broken down. Unlimited pa- 19IO by the Indian Committee, re- tience, loving sympathy, much tact ferred to, showed approximately and a practical workable knowledge 54,000 Indians among whom no of some industrial pursuit suitable to Christian missionary work is being the particular environment of the conducted. These Indians were Indians among whom they are found to be in tribes and separated located, are requisites for successful work by the missionaries. Does the parts of tribes resident in IS different work pay? There are no brighter Christian characters anywhere than States, the largest groups being in can be found among Indian converts, Arizona, New Mexico and California. and the whole story of Indian mis- These figures indicate an opportunity sions is filled with instances of the for enlarged missionary effort in a transforming power of the Gospel of field right at our very doors. The obligation to win the allegiance of

INDIANS AND THE

Prot~stant Mission Work The numerals opposite the name of a board or society indicate that mission work is conducted by that board or society among the Indians in the State marked on map with corresponding number.

Baptist: 21, 16, 2, 8, 7, 4, 1, 10, 23. Presbyterian: I, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 13, 8, Southern Baptist: 16, 17. 19, 17, 14, 16, 15, 10, 11, 7, 21.

Congregational: 13,8, I, 17. Southern Presbyterian: 16. Dutch Reformed: 11, 16, 14. Reformed Presbyterian: 16.

Christian Reformed: 7. II. United Presbyterian: 2, 18. Lutheran: 7, 19. Friends: 16. Mennonite: 16, 7,8, 3. Moravian: 3. Methodist Episcopal: 1. 2, 7, 21, 19, 17, Protestant Episcopal: 19, 17, 5, 3, 9, 4, 8, 5, 3, 20, 11, 23. 1. 6, 7, 22, 13, 21, 16, 12. Independent: 3. Methodist Episcopal South: 16.

National Indian Association and Auxiliaries: 7, 19, 3, 11* Christ in individual and communal work and was especially active in the life. Under the influence of the work at Yale Hall, the downtown Gospel of Christ, Indian young men mission of the students. He was able and women have taken their stand to interest many of his classmates as upon the platform of human brother- well as others in mission work among hood and worked for the uplift of the people of races other than his others, seeking to help all who needed own. He realizes that the hope for their aid, irrespective of race or color. his own people lies in their being An illustration of this is seen in the broughiinto a personal experience of life of Henry Roe Cloud, a Winne- the power of the Gospel of Christ. bago, who was graduated from Yale In an address at Lake Mohonk, two University in the class of 1910. years ago, he said: When he entered the university he became interested in Y. M. C. A. "It is very important to remember that the salvation of the Indian must * The National Indian Association dDes pioneer work and has planted 51 mission stations, 50 of which have been transferred.

II hen the government lets go of the Indian and he has to stand face to face with modern life and all its problems and perplexities, is a mo- ment of great opportunity for the Christian people of this nation. Now on the reservations the Indians are scattering about like cotton tails among the bushes. Now is the time to go after the Indian and strengthen him by the power of the Gospel."

INDIAN TEPEES be from the inside. I should not be INDIAN CHURCH ON I{LAMATH RESET{VAl'lON, OREGON true to the deepest convictions of my soul if I did not say this. I can well The building' was erected by the National remember a dark night years ago Indian Association. when a missionary came to me and urged me to seek the friendship of the strong Son of God and asked me to give Him my allegiance. That night I started to follow Christ, and His power has sustained me till this hour. There is a splendid opportunity offered now for Christian people to guide the Indian into good citizenship, selfrespect, and fine character. The time A NAVAJO lIOGAN

CHRISTIAN CHURCH IN CHINA *

BY REV. ARTHUR H. SMITH, D.n. Author of "China and America To-day," etc.

II IA] MID the swift and per- extensive "group," which measurably plexing changes which engineered the Revolution and held the Revolution has something like a balance of power.) brought to China the It is also important to remember that Christian Church has the fact that a Chinese youth has at not only held its one time been received into a Olris- own but has steadily increased in tian Church, does not necessarily influence. The wonderful contrast be- mean, either in China or elsewhere, tween the bitter persecution of 1900 that he is actuated by Olristian mo- and the careful protection afforded in tives, or is living a Christian life, 1911-12 imprest even the unimpres- altho it may still be true that his sible Orientals, however accustomed point of view has been permanently to sudden changes of fate and for- altered. Yet with all these necessary tune. To the Christians, however, abatements it remains a fact that the these changes had a far deeper signi- contribution of its Christian elements ficance as the promise and the po- to the Revolution was of incalculable tency of a larger and a more per- importance.

manent triumph yet to come. As we have seen, the Revolution itself was The Request for Prayer the work of but a handful of Chinese, The Christian Church has now a who for the most part has either been recognized position in China. It is educated abroad or under Western looked up to in a new way, and is re- influences. Among these it was the garded as an actual and far more as Christians who saw sooner and more a potential force in the construction clearly than others the ultimate bear- of the New China. In the month of ings of the movement, and it is not April an event occurred which at- surprizing that they exerted an in- tracted world-wide attention. Mr.

fluence out of all proportion to their Lu, a Christian member of the Cabi- numerical strength. An interesting net, remarked to a missionary that he monograph might be written upon should like to have the Olristians in this subject by one in possession of Peking meet in a quiet way for spe- the requisite knowledge. Should this cial united prayer for the nation. He be done it would probably appear that believed that God could help China at the number of such Christians had this time of unrest and change. The been greatly overestimated. (In Chinese pastors took the matter up America, for example, it was, and and appointed April 13th as a special still is, often represented that this day of prayer. They also sent to the element was so large as to form an President a notice of the meeting.

* Continuation of Chapter I of the "China Mission Year Book for 1913."

He then replied expressing his ap- nation. This is the first time in the proval, and sent a delegate to attend history of the world that such an the service. It was afterward pro- appeal has come from a non-Chris- posed to hold another special day of tian nation, and it has given extraor- prayer throughout China. The govern- dinary satisfaction to the Christian ment was asked to aid by sending the communities in North China, while telegrams free of charge. Mr. Lu old foreign residents consider it a consulted with the Cabinet, secured striking proof of the deep changes their approval, and sent out the call that are being accomplished in China for prayer from the Peking churches. since the Revolution." He also offered to send special tele- Great interest was naturally excited grams to the same places asking the in Great Britain and in the United Chinese officials to send representatives States, where similar services were to attend the meeting. On the 18th a also widely held. The Archbishop of Reuter's telegram from Peking was Canterbury and the Bishop of London sent out in the following terms: referred in convocation to the Chinese "Yesterday the following message appeal with the warmest sympathy, was adopted by the Cabinet and tele- the latter remarking that few things graphed by the Chinese Government had happened in this generation more to all Provincial Governors and other encouraging to missionary effort. This high officials within whose jurisdic- striking occurrence might very easily tion there are Christian communities, be underrated in importance by the and also to leaders of Christian "old restraint" in the Far Ea:st, and churches in China, both Catholic and as readily overrated in Western lands. Protestant: Prayer is requested for It certainly does not signify that the National Assembly now in ses- .China is officially desirous of besion; for the newly established Gov- coming a Christian nation; nor was ernment; for the President yet to it as in some quarters alleged a covert be elected; for the Constitution of bid for Christian political support. It the Republic; that the Chinese Gov- was an instinctive cry to God for ernment may be recognized by the help in time of national trouble. Powers; that peace may reign within When the new Constitution shall our country; that strong, virtuous have been adopted it will be early men may be elected to office; and enough to discuss the Iegal position of that the Government may be estab- Christianity in China. In the meantime lished upon a strong foundation. Up- the Chinese Church would do well to on receipt of this telegram you are recognize on one hand that the quest requested to notify all Christian for official recognition and for depenchurches in your Provinces that dence upon it may do the church April 27th has been set aside as a much harm. In a China which politiday of prayer for the nation. Let cally, socially, morally, and religiousall take part. Representatives of the ly, is in a condition of flux, to keep provincial authorities are requested to the Christian Church true to its lofty attend the services which will be sin- and its divine ideals is to be no easy cerely carried out by the entire mis- task. Popular prestige and the adsionary and Chinese forces of the vantage of more or less well defined

CHRISTIAN CHURCH IN

"spheres of influence" in Chinese the Edinburgh Conference that "desociety are indeed a most welcome nominational distinctions do not inrelief from the often thinly veiled terest us Chinese." There is also an persecution and the authorized snubs obvious impatience of the minuti~ of of Manchu times; but Christian teach- credal statements and of the details of ings in regard to sin and salvation ecclesiastical procedure, despite the will never be popular in China, or fact that Chinese political and social anywhere else. A reaction in favor of life so largely depends upon those rules old ways, old worship, old deities, is and regulations without which nothing from time to time inevitable. Under the Chinese can be carried or even begun. so-called rule of the people it will be In the case of the church, this feeling much easier than before to incite might arise from ignorance of the local risings against unpopular and historic development of that church, perhaps objectionable Christians now as well as from its indifference to the that in order to hold his place in peace process of that development. Some the local official is mainly anxious to of these Chinese Independent Churches do what "the people" want done. It seem to ignore both Christian doctrine used to be said: The mountains are and Christian discipline, short-circuithigh; the Emperor is remote. Now ing Church history, and merely posthe mountains are as high as ever, tulating the results of whatever form but beyond them there is no Emperor of Christianity happened to be most at all. familiar to the founders of the new independence. Thus one of these Independent Church Movements prospectuses containing more than 700 characters ranged under 13 heads, One of the most striking develop- provides for the formation of an Inments of the new day in China is dependent Church of Christ, the the wide-spread movement toward object of which is to preach the "independent" Chinese Churches. Gospel ( undefiled) , and so to in- Vhile this tendency has been for struct and to reform society that all several years in evidence, since the may love instruction and love their Revolution and the establishment of country, with a view to encourage a a Republic it has received a marked spirit of self-management, and of development. In addition to more or liberty. Anyone might join, whether less reaction against "domination" by previously a Christian or not, proforeigners, and a more or less con- vided he is willing to keep the Ten scious floating with the racial cur- Commandments, but if he comes to rent of "China for the Chinese" there are other and complex elements in- have a bad name he may be sumvolved. There is probably a recogni- marily dropt. Yet in the entire sheet tion of the backwardness on the part the name of God does not occur, nor of the Chinese (especially as com- that of Christ, except as an adjective pared with Japanese Christians) in defining Christ, nor is there any assuming self-support, and in the as- reference to the Holy Spirit, to the sumption of responsibility. There is Bible, to a weekly day of rest, to sin, likewise the general principle so well emphasized by one of the delegates to to salvation, repentance, faith, prayer, baptism, the Lord's Supper, the re-

surrection from the dead, and the to reach the students of 12 important hope of immortality. All these are cities of China, as well as Hongprobably not so much ignored as taken kong, with evangelistic meetings, and for granted, nor is it apparently per- in six of them by preliminary science ceived that in default of wise and lectures, by Prof. Robertson, which skilful leadership the effect would were of the nature of a huge bell to naturally, if not inevitably, be to notify the student world that sometransform the Church into a loosely thing special was offered. The report organized moral and patriotic club, of those meetings showed that the without initiative, without permanent aggregate attendance at the evangelnotice, and without result. istic meetings amounted to more than 78,000. Special efforts were made to There can be little doubt that dur- have the same men attend consecuing the past year the Christian Church tively the series of addresses in each in China has in many places made great city. At a conservative estimate probadvances, not merely or mainly in ably at least 35,000 different men numbers, but in the recognition of its were in attendance at these student unique opportunities and its heavy evangelistic meetings. In addition an responsibilities. But in other places aggregate of more than 59,000 were it has seemed rather in a state of be- present at the preparatory science wilderment merely marking time. lectures. The combined aggregate attendance amounted to the vast total All accounts agree that doors are of I37,569. In spite of the difficult now wide open which were never be- conditions placed upon inquirers, refore even ajar. At fairs, or mar- quiring not only daily Bible study, kets, in camps, in many other places and daily prayer, but in most cases where men and women gather it is consent to enroll in Bible Classes, possible to get not merely a respect- 7,057 took this first step in relation to ful but an interesting hearing. The the Christian life. street-chapel, which has been said to have become more or less an object It is to be expected that there will of "contempt," has shown that by be a considerable shrinkage in results wise and skilful handling it may be as these men are tested by opposition, not merely a gospel hall, but a center for inquirers are not to be confused of intellectual and moral activity grad- with actual converts, and only the ually penetrating a community. The power of God can keep men true to openings for lectures to officials, to their purpose. Only united prayer the best classes of Chinese, and and effort can bring them through to especially to students in government baptism. Unusual efforts are being schools have been unprecedented, made to conserve the results. Speand in the future are probably des- cially trained men have been set tined to very large increase. aside in each city for this responsi- bility, and carefully organized follow- John R. Mott in China up plans are carried on with groups of 'Christian workers. The sales of During the visit of Dr. Mott to Gospel portions and of New Testa- China in the months of January, Feb- ments to students in connection with ruary and March of the current year, carefully organized efforts were made

these and similar meetings is matched perhaps surpassed all others in the " by the steady and increasing demand history of this virile organization.

for the same from schools and col- A IttIo it will naturally have a chapter leges. The baseless rumor current to itself, a few words are in place a few years ago in Western concerning its relation to the recent lands that the Christian scriptures general progress of missions. Its in- had been introduced in the schools of ternational and interdenominational two important provinces as text- character, its constantly widening books (a fiction to which was aC- base-line of operations, its unique fit- corded a wider circulation and all ness for dealing with sudden and inextinguishable conviction with serious emergencies, have made it which facts are seldom greeted), has more and more an indispensable fac- thus at length been automaticalIy tor in the evolution of a Christian displaced by something of far greater China. The confidence of the leading promise and significance. The free non-Christian men of China is ex- distribution of small booklets and hibited in the large gifts of money the use of large Gospel posters have during the past year from President received an enormous impulse from Sun Wen, Premier Tang Shao, Presi- the gift of 11r. Milton Stewart, with dent Yuan Shih-kai, and many other what result does not appear to be officials, so that for the first time the publicly known. Each of the Bible contributions of the Chinese exceed societies has greatly increased its those from foreigners. The striking issues and its sales. The report of developments by which there was a the British and Foreign Bible So- sudden call for an association in the ciety in China showed a circulation remote and little known capital of the of 1,867,000 copies or portions in province of Yunnan, illustrates a 1912, which is 214,000 volumes abov; normal expansion which might con- the records for 191 I. Under any ceivably become almost or quite na- circumstances in any year this would tion-wide. It is a matter of the be a remarkable exhibit, but in the highest importance that by vote of . present condition of China it takes on the United Societies of Mission Sec- overwhelming importance as related retaries for the United States and to the moral and religious welfare of Canada it is recognized that the the country. association work is rather a method Influence of the Y. M. C. A. than a mission, in accordance with which several of these societies are Among the many forms of activity loaning a total of 20 men to that of the Christian Church in China work, some of whom are already on during the eventful years since the the ground and are engaged in lan- Boxer episode of 1900, none has guage study. The highly stlccessful proved so adaptable in the wide sixth general convention of the Y.

range of its working, nor more fruit- lf. C. A. in Peking was characterized ful in results than the Y. M. C. A., by the hearty participation of dis- which continues to combine the vigor tingui~hed Chinese not themselves of perpetual youth with the wisdom members. President Yuan Shih-kai of mature age. The past year has Keicomed them at his headquarters

and made an address like that of the and the necessity of united action in head of any Christian land in the Protestant missionary work in China same circumstances. Without the grows steadily clearer and stronger, extraordinary efficiency of the Chi- there are indications from widely difnese Y. M. C. A., the five sectional ferent quarters that the practical difficulties even of union already conferences held by Dr. J. R. Mott achieved and in operation for a series of years, do not for this reason in leading cities of China, and more grow less, but rather greater. This, particularly the closing National Con- however, ought to occasion neither ference in Shanghai would not have surprize nor regret. Complexity of been the conspicuous successes which life implies a steadily increasing comthey became. plexity of vital adjustments. This is what life means, and to the process It was the aim of these conferences there is no perceptible end. under the auspices and the inspiration of Dr. Mott, represe,nting the Nothing is more difficult than to Continuation Committee of the comprehend the meaning of one's World Missionary Conference at own age. Within a comparatively brief Edinburgh, to collect and to coordi- period we in China have witnessed as in nate the views of leading mission- a kinematographic display the passage aries from many parts of China, up- from the China of Marco Polo, the on topics of vital interest and impor- Mongols, and the Mings, to that of tance. The National Conference in presidents, parliaments and tangs (par- Shanghai unified, expanded, and em- ties) . While we do not yet know phasized these findings, which now exactly where we are, yet timing ourstand as the formulated opinions of selves by the stars we may perceive those best qualified to express them. in what direction we are swiftly, The selection of a large China Con- surely moving. The predominant imtinuation Committee as a permanent pression made upon the mind of one body, with specific functions to link who habitually studies the multiplyn,are closely to one another the va- ing evidences of the uplift of Chin'!,' rious parts of the complex mission- and indeed of the uplift of the world, ary work and to relate them to that is that it is a process too complicateJ of the Edinburgh Continuation Com- and too vast to be under the guimittee and to the numerous adminis- dance of man, or of men. It may be trative missionary boards in Christian accelerated; it may be hindered; but I,mds-this is the step which will it can not be stopt. The upward slope is characterize the national conference long and difficult, roughly paved with of 1911. If this effort accomplishes surprizes and with disappointments, what it is expected to accomplish no yet always it climbs toward liberty subsequent issue of the Mission Year and toward light; for this, be it fast Book will fail to afford evidence of or be it slow. is the law of human that fact. progress.

Need for United Action ( To be concluded.) While the' perception of the duty

IMMIGRATION PAGEANT AT SILVER :BAY

Colletge men and women landing as poor immigrants MISSIONARY METHODS FOR WORKERS AT HOME CONDUCTED BY MISS BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, N. Y. Author of "Holding the Ropes," "Fuel for l''vvIiIsissiioonnaary Fires," "Fifty Missionary Programs," etc.

F the hours spent in pre- First, the fact that knowledge EIa. te comes primarily through the eye, and paring for and giving not the ear, through what is seen rather than what is heard. Some simple missionary plays educators testify that for the average learner three-quarters of the knowl- make more vivid to the edge acquired is received through the eye. participants and to the Second, whereas most missionary audience the desperate knowledge involves verbal instruction only, that gained through exhibits need of the world without Christ, they and demonstrations involves personal and associated activities and personal are well spent. If, failing in this pur- expression of the knowledge gained. This expression, according to a sound pose, they prove only a pleasant enter- psychological law, fixes impression and makes permanent the good detainment, the drama should, in the fu- rived.

ture, have no place among the serious Third, both participants and vis- itors at a missionary exhibit gain a tools of missionary education." new understanding of the realities of Christian missions by the portrayal -MARY E. ALLIS.

MISSIONARY EXHIBITS AND DEMON- STRATIONS BY HARRY WADE HICKS, NEW YORK,N.Y. General Secretary of the ]!Iissionary Education Movement There are several fundamental educational considerations involved in the use of missionary exhibits and demonstrations.

to the eye, and through the eye to Publicity-to advertise the exhibit the understanding, of scenes, customs and take tickets at the door. and events familiar to the missionary but unfamiliar and unreal to the Exhibits-to collect and arrange average church worker. exhibit material and act as custodians of it. The missionary exhibit is a graphic and material representation of condi- Costumes-to collect and make the tions of life in one or more home or necessary costumes. foreign mission fields and the methods of missionary effort therein. It The period of the year should be includes the collection and display of carefully chosen as well as the dates scenes, buildings, curios and other on which the exhibits will be open. objects native to the fields involved, At least two (preferably three) all being interpreted by stewards months of preparation should be trained for the work. For the pur- planned so that the participants may pose of interpretation use is made of be thoroughly trained. impersonations, demonstrations, plays, games, native music, addresses, and The securing of exhibit and demstereopticon and motion pictures. onstration material is a great practi- cal problem in giving an exhibit. As A missionary demonstration is an far as possible it should be gathered impersonation or interpretation of locally and by borrowing from friends some custom, scene or event in the in other communities. Travelers and life of a missionary or the people missionary families usually have some among whom he labors, by one or suitable curios, costumes and decoramore persons trained for the purpose. tions, and some mission boards have It may be done either with or witJ1- collections which they rent for a out a 'spoken part and may deal with small fee. Much can be done by the the customary sights of street life, committee and participants in the the home, social customs, schools, way of making costumes, charts, business, worship, the physical con- banners and other decorations. The dition of the people and a multitude Missionary Education Movement is of other subjects. now gathering collections of mate- rial for exhibits on some countries, The first step in organizing an ex- including curios and costumes, arhibit is to determine who shall under- ranged in small sets for rental. take it-one church alone or a group Printed texts for demonstrations and of churches in a community. There plays are also being prepared. A is manifest advantage in enlisting all number of these are now ready for the churches of a town up to five or tlse. All this material will be availten if there is a hall available large able for churches desiring to use it, enough to represent the interests of along with the experienced counsel all. The next step is to appoint a of a practical director of exhibits. general committee with sub-com- A pamphlet entitled, "Missionary and mittees as' follows: Palestine Exhibits," setting forth in detail the method of conducting ex- Stewards-to enroll and train the hibits, will be sent, on application, participants. to anyone desiring a copy.

The enrolment and training of the

METHODS FOR WORKERS AT

participants is one of the most im- this way who would take little inter- portant features in arranging an ex- est in an· ordinary missionary meet- hibit. In the case of young people and ing. Jt[oreover, the impressions adults, it is strongly urged that they made on a1l classes by this method enroll in mission study cla~ses for a are apt to be much deeper and more period of eight weeks before the lasting than those made by any but final period of training in the dem- the most bri1liant speaker. The onstrations. These classes should method is not an easy one, but it is deal with the general subject to be surely worth some trouble to get treated. If the exhibit is to be 011 missionary impressions deeply im- China, Chinese literature should be planted. . . . studied. If on Immigration, then the best literature on Immigration. Such "The dangers of the methods are: thorough preparation is of inesti- (I) Dragging or drifting of the diamable value in making the demonstra- log due to insufficient preparation. tions a success. (2) A spirit of frivolity due to the element of make-believe. This may The purpose of a mis~ionary ex- be avoided by inviting only those to hibit is to enlist a number of Chris- take part who are deeply interested in tian people in the study of missions, missions, and by an understanding and through them and th~ exhibits of the real importance of the exercise. to arouse and make permanent in the Certain things will undoubtedly prolives of those who attend, an intelli- voke mirth, but the prevailing tone gent and active interest in missions. must be one of seriousness and The end in view, therefore, is not to reality. Ridiculous names, exagmake money through the admissioll gerated mannerisms, and levity of fee, nor merely to entertain those tone must all be avoided. (3) who attend or participate. The only Arousing antagonism by over~state­ aim justifying the use of the method ments, or by caricature. (4) Misrepis to arOllse the conscience and resentations of missionary methods strengthen the will of Christians to or principles. The speakers must give the Gospel to all the peoples of not improvise too freely, lest they the earth, and to respect and encour- make statements that are positively age the missionaries at home and misleading. Minor inaccuracies will abroad. be unavoidable, but the principles of missions should not be misrepre- The Value of the Dramatic Method sented."

The advantages of the dramatic Missionary Monologs method now so largely used in missionary work, together with the dan- The simplest form of dramatic gers that threaten it, have been admirably summed up by Dr. T. H. P. presentation of missionary informa- Sailer as fo1lows: tion and one that can be effectively "The principal advantages of the dramatic method are its interest and used by any society, is the monolog vividness. Persons will attend to missionary information presented in or impersonation given by some one person, in costume if appropriate.

By this method make-believe re- turned travelers, armed with pictures cut fro1j1 missionary magazines and any curios obtainable, can give vivid descriptions of the mission field and what is being done there; mission- aries impersonated by clever and sympathetic students of their work,

can be summoned from any field to dent to have labels pasted on, an intell of what they are doing there; and appropriate hymn was sung because native converts, drest in appropriate all the ladies knew it; there was a costumes, can be brought in to tell terrible mix-up over dues, magazine the story of their conversion, or to subscriptions and special objects, and make appeals in behalf of their jJeople. a lengthy discussion of ways of rais- ing money, fairs, festivals, concerts, Material for such monologs and lectures, and a rummage sale, each impersonations can be found in abun- having their advocates. The program dance in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW was a farce, the one woman who was OF THE WORLD, in the various denom- prepared (?) substituting for the inational magazines, and in leaflets paper she had been asked to give on and books. The stories of Ramabai "The Condition of Women in India," and some of her little widows in a short article on "Prison Reforms in chapters V. and VI. of "Mosaics of the South," which she read from a India," by Margaret B. Denning, and secular magazine in very poor style. of the native Chinese physicians in "Notable Women of Modern China," "How Not To Do It" was originby Margaret Burton, can be used. ally prepared by the late Mrs. B. B. Comegys for the 1909 annual meeting A fine monolog, "The Wireless of the Philadelphia Presbyterial So- 'S.O.S.' of India's Women," appeared ciety of which she was president. in Womql/s Work for April, 1913. Each of the mistakes shown forth in it was an actual occurrence, tho no Some persons have a talent for one society was guilty of them all. It impersonation that should be made may now be had in leaflet form,* and use of. One young woman who tho especially prepared for Presbycaught the idea at one of the Silver terians, it could be easily adapted to Bay conferences, worked up one im- any denomination and a few slight personation with such success that changes could turn it into a home she has given it 50 times in different missionary meeting instead of a churches by request. foreign one.

How Not To Do It A Sample Presbyterian Board Meeting Few societies could fail to find At Princeton, New Jersey, not long profit in the little dialog entitled: ago, a class of women studying "The "How Not To Do It." This demon- Why and How of Foreign Missions" stration of a missionary meeting that under the leadership of Miss Elizabeth is guilty of all the sins to which D. Paxton, superintendent of the Missuch meetings fall heir, was a sionary Department of the Mercer popular number on the Northfield County Sunday-school Association, program last summer. gave a demonstration of a meeting of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign The president was late; the secretary had forgotten the minutes; there *"How Not To Do It." Price 2 cents. Woman's was no prayer because "the lady who Foreign lIissionary Society of the Presbyterian usually prays for us" was absent; Church, 501 Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia, the devotional meeting was omitted to Pa. Also an edition by the Woman·s F. M. S. of save time; the hymn books having the M. E. Church. been taken to the home of the presi-

MiSSIONARY :METHODS FCm WC>RKERS AT

Missions at one of their sessions that Many Landa in Schenectady resulted in the members realizing as they never had before some of the In November, I9II, inspired by many problems that confront the Board. the "WorId in Boston" held the pre- This demonstration is one of a vious spring, the Woman's F oreigll series of six dramatic programs,* pre- Missionary Society of the Emmanuel pared by Dr. T. H. P. Sailer for use Baptist Church, Schenectady, New in connection with the study of "The Why and How of Foreign Missions." York, gave a missionary exhibit There are six characters: Dr. George Alexander, president of the Board; called "Many Lands," which shows Secretaries Speer, Brown, Halsey, and White, Mr. Dwight H. Day, what can be accomplished in an treasurer; Mr. David McConaughy, assistant secretary of the Home De- individual church by a company of partment; and two members, one of whom is supposed to be newly- clever women who are willing w appointed. The appeals for new missionaries that must be refused for study and work. lack of funds; the doors opening in all directions that can not be entered There were courts representing because the Church is not ready; the consideration of a question concern- China, Japan, India, Burma, Africa, ing the international relationship between missionaries and the govern- North American Indians, and Cuba ment under which they are working; the statements of the treasurer con- and Porto Rico; and scenes and cerning receipts and expenditures; and the discussions of ways and demonstrations of native home life means, are all most illuminating. Many of the statements have been with men, women and children' taken from the minutes of the Board and all are truly typical. schools with teachers and pupils; This is a form of missionary dra- temples and shrines with priests and matic program that makes a strong appeal to men and that they would worshipers; and m1SS10n hospitals enjoy giving. Nothing save being actnally present at a meeting of the with doctors, nurses and patients. Board could give so vivid· an idea of its workings. The class-rooms of the Sunday-school *"1Iissionary Dramatic Programs," by Dr. T. were utilized for the various courts, H. P. Sailer. Price 10 cents. Educational Depa~-tl~ent of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign each of which was given into the lIlsslOns, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. hands of some one capable woman with authority to plan her own deco- rations and demonstrations and select her own helpers.

Flags of all nations, oriental hang- ings, a1Jd a number of curios were obtained from the Woman's Baptist Missionary Society in Boston; others were loaned by returned missionarIes in Schenectady and vicinity. A few of the costumes were rented, but most of them were made by the women themselves, as were also paper flowers and other things used as decorations. The curios, many of them of priceless value, were care- fully guarded, a watchman being kept on duty all night as well as all day.

In each court there was literature for sale descriptive of the countrv and the work being done in it. –

The exhibit was opened on the scenes illustrating home life and cusafternoons and evenings of two clays toms, a boys' school, a number of and there was no admission fee, tho Chinese games, and methods of wora charge of 25 cents was made to ship in temples and shrines. Adthose visitors who wished a guide to dresses were also given by special show them through the courts and speakers at different times, the whole explain the curios and demonstratlOns aim being to show forth the purpose to them. Having been well adver- and results of mission work in China. tised it was largely attended not only by the members of Emmanuel Church The exhibit was open two days but by the town's people also, and with four sessions. In the evening was a great success. Since the ex- the admission fee was 25 cents for hibit the society has doubled in num- adults and IS for children. In the bers, partly, tho not wholly, as a re- aHernoon, in order to encourage sult of the interest aroused. 1110thers to bring their children, only IO cents was charged. The attend- China in Glen Ridge ance averaged a little over 200 at each session, and tho making money A very successful exhibit called was not the object of the exhibit, the "China in Glen Ridge" was given last net proceeds were a little more than winter under the direction of Mrs. $90, the expenses being from $30 to Harry Vade Hicks in the Congrega- $35 and the receipts $125. tional Church of Glen Ridge, Kew Jersey, a beautiful and wealthy littlE: The results were most gratifying. suburb of New York. F our organiza- No missionary activity given in the tions united in the effort–a mission church ever so aroused the interest of study class of young women between the COl1Jlllunity as this. Many who the ages of 18 and 25; a mission band have no connection with the church of girls from IO to 16; a Sunday- came and were deeply imprest. There school class of boys from 9 to 12; an=! was too an immediate and very noticethe "Knights of King Arthur," an or- able increase in the interest in misganization composed of boys of high- sions, not only on the part of the school age. participants themselves but also of the adult members of their families, The church was beautifully deco- especially those in which there were rated with Chinese hangings, banners, chilclren taking part. Several of the scrolls and lanterns and there were participants attended the missionary interesting exhibits of Chinese curios conferences at Silver Bay largely as in several of the class rooms, inter- a result of the exhibit and in all the preted to visitors by stewards who organizations taking part there was a had been prepared by special study noticeable centering of interest in for the work. The Chinese mission- denominational work rather than in ary play, "Slave Girl and School independent, outside obj ects. Girl," published by the Missionary Education Movement, was given to- Medical Missionary Demonstrations gether with some IS to 20 demonstrations including a dispen~ary scene, a Medical missionary demonstrations series of street scenes, a number of are easily arranged and always make a strong appeal. At Northfield, in

METHODS FOR WORKERS AT

July, 1912, a group of missionaries that he was on fire. The doctor under the direction of Dr. Li Bi Cue, diagnosed it as dyspepsia and the famous young Chinese physician, sprinkled a white powder on his gave a demonstration of the work tongue, which gave immediate relief. of a medical missionary on tour in China, that could be arranged by any A woman who wept and groaned society that was willing to study up and declared she had a devil which on medical missions and rent or make the native doctors had tried to drive a few costumes. out by puncturing her flesh with long needles in various places. This was A tent was set up on the lawn and also diagnosed as dyspepsia and the just outside the clever little doctor same white powder was administered. adjust~d bandages, examined eyes and Two were wasted before one finally prescribed for patients, among them went down, the woman knocking a haughty, high-class lady whose them out of the doctor's hand in her bound feet were giving her trouble. great fear of the foreign remedies. Meanwhile a Bible woman was going about among the patients talking with A young woman who came hobthem while they waited their turn for bling in with one foot heavily bandtreatment. aged and was insulted when the doc- tor asked to see it. She was told to sit down and wait awhile, and after seeing a number of other patients treated, timidly announced that the "foreign lady might see her foot."

A demonstration along the same Meanwhile the Bible woman was lines, more easily arranged yet equally going about among the patients with effective, was given at the conferences an open Bible in her hanel quieting of the Missionary Education Move- their fears and telling them about the ment at Silver Bay last summer. new religion. The platform of the auditorium was arranged to represent a dispensary Immigrant Pageant at Silver Bay in China, the setting being merely a few chairs and benches so placed as An Immigrant Pageant that could to form three sides of a hollow easily be reproducf:d in any church square and a table with a few medi- or group of churches was given at cine bottles and a box of powders Silver Bay last July under the aus- done up in white papers. At the pices of the Missionary Education table sat a lady drest in white, imper- ~V[ovement. As the topic for Home sonating a medical missionary, and in Mission Week this year is Immigra- the seats were a number of patients tion this would be a good time for it.

and a native Bible woman all in native Care should be taken, however, not costume. to give it in too public a way.* Im- Among the patients treated were migrants are sensItive like other the following: people, and might be hurt by it. At A young woman with her sick Silver Bay, there were none to see it. baby (a large doll) who was highly Soon after the opening of the conindignant when the doctor told her she must wash her baby, but finally *A leaflet with full directions for giving this came to terms. Pageant may be obtained from the Missionary A boy who came running in with Education Movement, 156 Fifth Avenue New York, his hands on his stomach, screaming N. Y. It is entitled "The Immigrant Gateway," Pdce 25 cents.

ference it was announced that on dreaded "detention pen," where a Tuesday, July IS, at 2 :30 o'clock, a missionary was waiting (a real dea- large party of Immigrants would ar- coness of the Protestant Episcopal rive at the dock and proceed at once Church in costume) to cheer and to the auditorium for inspection. Promptly at the hour named a steam comfort them, and to straighten out launch came up with a motly crowd tangles. of nearly 100 imitation Immigrants, attired in improvised costumes of Much of the success of the pageant many kinds and colors and carrying depends on Inspector NO.3. This their possessions done up in old bags, part was admirably taken at Silver baskets, bundles and valises. Several Bay by the Rev. Herman F. Swartz, women carried babies,-dolls so clev- Associate Secretary of the Congrega- erly drest and handled it was hard to realize they were not the real thing! tional Home Missionary Society, who announced that the inspection would At the auditorium the platform had be conducted in English for the benebeen railed off on the order of Ellis Island. There was a passageway fit of the immigrants, the audience, across the entire front and back of it and the inspector himself! Among three compartments or "pens." Stationed at intervals along the passage the questions he asked were the way were three inspectors, the first following: provided with chalk, the second with a towel and a basin of water presum- I. What is your name ? Your age? ably contammg disinfectants, the 2. Where did you come from? third with a table on which were 3. Who paid for your ticket-you pens and ink and a large ledger. or the steamship company? 4. Are you a polygamist? (Changed The immigrants were ushered into to, "How many wives?" if not underthe first compartment and then filed stood. ) along the front of the platform one 5. Are you an anarchist? (Changed by one. Inspector No. I examined to "Shoot?" if not understood.) them for physical disability of any 6. How much money have you? kind and chalk-marked those who Let me see it. showed symptoms of disease; No. 2 7. Have you friends in this examined their eyes, ostentatiously country? (To girls coming alone.) washing and wiping his hands after 8. How many children? (To mareach inspection; No. 3 asked ques- ried men or women. Great amusetions and recorded the answers in his ment was created by one man who big book. Those admitted passed into turned to count his children before the second compartment on the plat- answering "Eleven !") form, there to await transportation to their destination in the new country. The whole affair was admirably Doubtful cases were put into the carried out. Many incidents, some third compartment-the much- amusing, some pathetic, were intro- duced to represent real conditions. One man was deported with his wife who chose to return with him. The picture of the two taken on the dock where they were presumably awaiting deportation, portrays the most abj ect dejection.

OPPORTUNITY IN SOUTH AMERICA *

BY THE REV. CIIARLES INWOOD, F.R.G.S.

N South America we The second fact is this, that the altitude of the governments toward l7IJ. are face to face with us and our work is in the main sym- an amazing missionary pathetic. Of course, now and again situation which ought some local authority, usually at the to stir the most slug- gish soul into enthus- instigation of a priest, wiII hinder iasm and into action. our work; but in the main, as never It is one which will make colossal before, the governments of South demands upon our brains, our pur- America are really on our side. It ses, our hearts, and our lives. The is not long since the Minister of South American Continent repre- Education in the Argentine ex- sents one seventh of the earth's sur- prest the hope to see the day face. Across that vast area one when the Bible would be taught in word stands out, flashes out, blazes all the public schools of Argentina.

out, and that one word is OPPOR- When I was in South America, TUNITY. Let me mention three nearly four years ago, there was a features of that situation, which in great outbreak of anarchism import- some real sense creates this oppor- ed mainly from Italy, and during my tunity. stay in the city of Buenos Aires The first fact is this: In South some frightful outrages occurred, in America we have religious liberty in one of which the head of the police all the eleven republics save one. and his secretary were assassinated.

Peru, where I was last year, is the At once the authorities prohibited solitary exception. It was in Peru all public gatherings throughout! the the hateful Inquisition was first set Argentine. In the town to which up, and it was· there it held its sway I was going they had just arrested longest and latest. But the rising seventy anarchists. I was going to spirit of liberty broke that yoke of hold public meetings, and at that blood. It went when Spain went, time all public meetings were pro- and it went never to return. Now hibited by the public authorities. Our the same spirit of liberty is beginning missionary of the Evangelical Union to move and surge among the of South America waited upon the peoples of Peru. It asserted itself Mayor of the town, to know whether in the Presidential election when I this prohibition would be applied to was there last year. In spite of all my meetings. He, Roman Catholic the planning of the clerical party, it tho he was, said in substance, carried into power an anti-clerical "Oh! dear no. Your meetings can President, the grandson of an En- go on all the same. We know that glishman; and his election, we be- you are not preaching anarchy. You lieve and hope, is the pledge that are making law-abiding citizens, and in the near future Peru also will seeking to make the people good.

grant ,civil and religious liberty. And Go 011!" The same thing happened when it does, we shall have religious yith the open-air work in Buenos liberty from one end of the Con- Aires. But with the exception of tinent to the other. Now this fact these Gospel meetings no public alone marks progress and it clears gathering was aIIowed throughout the way as never before for a great the whole Province of Argentina.

wide missionary advance. That is A third fact which is vast and far one fact for which we thank God. reaching: The attitude of the people 'From South America.

is chanKing toward Protestant Chris- lonely outpost in the Urea Farm.

tianity. Where we are known, prej- Eight years ago or so in the town udice is rapidly dying, and in its of Calca near by, which I visited, place we are winning the confidence the priest made an attack upon the and esteem of the people, which it- missionaries at early mass, and they self marks a revolution. When I had to flee for their lives. Last was in Cuzco last autumn, there year, from that very town, a depu- came into our Mission Home a tation of merchants waited upon our woman to undergo a terrible opera- brother Payne, to urge him to be- tion. It was one which had come come a candidate for the Town upon her through wrongdoing, but Council, for if he consented, they perhaps more through the wrong- said, he would be returned at the doing of another than herself; and head of the poll. You people do it was of so serious a nature that not yet understand what a revolu- the doctor who performed the oper- tion is behind that single fact.

ation said afterward it was the So the attitude of the people is worst he had ever performed. That changing. Behind all this there is poor thing, an unmarried woman, something more than chance.l some- came to our Home for the opera- thing more than a combination of tion. The man, the brute I will favorable circumstances; God is be- call him, who was the cause of her hind it, and behind it not as an trouble, knowing that her life could idle or listless spectator. He is the hardly be saved but by a miracle, creator of it, He is the interpreter wanted her to .be sent to the hos- of it, He is the guardian of it, He pital in that city, where, had she is the very spirit and life of it. It gone, she would probably have been is vitally related to His redeeming a dead woman in twenty-four hours. purpose for South America. He He attacked the motherly woman for has opened the door that the people sending the sufferer to Protestants. of South America may come to know That Roman Catholic woman re- Him. He has opened the door that plied, "The Protestants are the only He may pour in upon them all the people in this city who will help regenerative forces of Calvary and this poor woman in her hour of Pentecost.

trouble." Because God is behind the oppor- It is not many years ago that tunity there comes from Him to us our missionaries had to flee from -a call and challenge to coopera- that city in terror of their lives. tion. In the great primal work of They had to steal out by back ways, creation God sought no finite aid.

and undertake a long perilous jour- He spake and it was done. God ney overland to Lima, while the does not now need the help 9f man bells of the cathedral rang out to guide the planets or uphold the peals of joy, and the saints were stars. No! But in this other carried in procession round the realm, wonder of wonders, God de- great Square, which was thronged sires, seeks, asks, and in some sense with a hostile multitude, gathered is dep·endent upon our cooperation, to watch the departure and to heap upon the measure of it, and the mo- insults upon the hated heretics. But tive of it, and the quality of it. He through the efforts of our workers, is waiting and asking for that co- and especially through the gentle, operation from you and from me.

Christ-like ministry of our nurses, The far-reaching issues of this all this has changed, and if they opportunity are greater still, when left Cuzco to-day, I am sure no we remember our close and poten- joy-bells would be rung over their tial relation of South America.

departure. South America is entering the fam- Take another illustration. I went ily of nations, and the question of down to see Mr. Payne at that questions is this: Shall she enter

IN A COLOMBIAN

to impoverish or enrich us; shall she ertia or 'ack of heroism, or of sacenter the family of the West as a rifice, compromise the future of a maiden with the bloom of youth great Continent like that? We are and purity on her brow? Or as is not to seek victory for a society or more than possible, shall she enter a sect. Our hearts vearn that our as a rotting leper, whose presence is risen loving Lord may come to His a menace, and whose embrace own in South America, for we know means death? If we do not evan- that when the Lord Jesus comes to gelize South America, South Ameri- His own in South America, she also ca in turn will blight us. Our Chris- will come to her own, and never tianity and our civilization will suf- till then. fer if South America, black and foul to the heart's core, come into Think of the infinite sacrifice of close relation to us. Our statesmen Calvary. Think of it till our hearts are waking up to this. Our men are melted into oneness with Him of commerce are waking up to it. Who gave His all for us. Then in Shall ,ve who are sons of freedom, the light of Calvary let us measure we who are the champions of free- our duty, measure our gifts, measdom, we who are the Lord's people, ure our sacrifice, measure our priviwe who are called to guard His in- lege, and then respondterests and to extend His sway, shall we Christian people be blind to this My Savior! how 'shall I proclaim future? Shall we, through any in- Or pay the mighty debt I owe?

Mayall I ha've and all lam, Ceaseless, to all Thy glory show.

PROGRESS IN A COLOMBIAN: MISSION* BY JOHN L. JARRETT, CAMPANITO, COLOMBIA Mr. Jarrett, whose genius lies in pioneering aud the opening up of new work, was one of the founders of the work in Peru nearly 20 years ago. That work has passed through the period of bitter persecution and has entered upon a phase of steady progress, and God has called his servant to lay foundations in another dark corner of the Great Continent.

~F ROM Cartagena west-~wardstoward the Steaming up the river, every turn Isthmus of Panama, reveals fresh beauties and wonders, but the heat is terrific, and the nights and about halfway be- are usually spent In wooing sleep, but never winning it. There is a tween the two points, tiny fly which defies any mosquito net, yet its sting is like a red hot '€it- the Riv~r Sinu enters needle. When, through sheer ex- haustion, you feel like sleeping, then . the Carnbean Sea. By all is bustle and confusion on board, folding beds must be packed away several mouths the sluggish brown to make room for cargo. A wash in a bowl as large as a teacup, which waters, bearing on their bosom great is all the washing appliance there is on board, and this not often used, a masses of plants and tangled brush- cup of strong coffee (cups washed in aforesaid bowl and wiped on a tablewood, mingle with the blue of the cloth too dirty to be used on the table), and yOll try to feel fit. After ocean. passing through many miles of for- est on the lower river, you come to You reach the river by steam, motor, or sail boat from Cartegena, where the ocean steamer leaves you, choosing which is first available, for nothing is certain, and you may spend two days en route, or you may spend seven. Wind, w,ater, and cargo and captain are all important factors in your movements.· *From All Nations.

the cleared land, where there is a Iage among the women and chil- succession of beautiful pastures and dren. The days are very full of nU11lerous hamlets, villages, and work. Very often, tho tired and towns. Here there is a magnificent weary, the night's rest is disturbed opportunity for missionary work. to attend to some sick one, and fre- Thousands upon thousands of people quently we rise before the sun to most accessible. I have seen no such find some waiting at the door who mission field in all my experience. have come a long distance for ad- The people, altho nominally Catholic, vice and medicine or surgical treatseldom see a priest. In only three ment. There is no doctor within a towns of more than 50 I know, are day's journey, and the people are there resident priests-one in each very sickly, besides being exposed to case. There are schools in some many dangers from falling trees, places, but many of the people are tangled undergrowth, :'Ind deadly quite illiterate. Wherever you go snakes. you get an audience at once; for a lantern service in the open air a The people have lived in entire ""hole town will turn out. No mis- ignorance of the Gospel; they have sionaries have ever visited the region received no teaching whatever. We before, and, so far, we are alone in have had most interesting audiences the work. We want helpers to from the very beginning. As none enable us to start regular work in can read or write, we have to teach one of the towns, and to make pos- them the words of the hymns as sible a more systematic visitation. well as the tunes. N ow they know and sing well several hymns. vVe leave the steamer at Cerete, and from there take a journey 30 On Saturday nights lantern sermiles back into the bush, right into vices are held, and create a great the heart of the forest. If conditions interest. These people have never were primitive and wild on the river, seen· anything of the kind before, and they are more so here. Our home large crowds gather, whose astonishin Campanito is in a village on a ment and surprize baffles descriplarge cattle rearing and rubber plan- tion. It is a wonderful opportunity tation. Through the forest in every to preach the Gospel, and our limited direction paths lead to other settle- supply of slides was used over and ments and villages. over again, always fresh to some in the audience, always interesting The people live in rude huts, often to all. We need a large supply of nothing more than a roof. Some- Gospel and other slides-they will times part of the house is enclosed be put to good use in Colombia. Our with canes, and sometimes these are Sunday work begins early. Then plastered over with mud. A bench everybody tries to get into clean of sticks makes a bed, tho many sleep clothes. Maybe all through the week in hammocks. A pot or two for very little has been worn, but for cooking purposes, a mosquito net, a Sunday every available article' of wooden spoon or two, and you have clothing in Campanito is put to good all the household utensils and furni- service. Sometimes the one suit has ture. A leaf spread out makes both been worn all the week at school, table and tablecloth, and for drink- and Saturday has been too wet or ing vessels the gourds from the too busy to wash and dry. Then forest are used. The people are poor, some are missing from meeting, for and content to live in poverty for too dirty or too scant clothing keeps lack of enterprise and energy. old and young away.

We have a day school for the Here there is a work of wonderboys and girls, night school for the ful possibilities and great scope and God has already evidenced His apmen, and Mrs. Tarrett spends a proval by giving His blessing.

large part of each day in the vil-

ON MORMONISM *

PREPARED BY MRS. JOHN PADDOCK AND MISS ELIZABETH VERMILYE Anti-Polygamy Resolution dom of God (Mormon Church) is The concurrent resolution for an an order of government established amendment to the Federal Constitu- by divine authority. It is the only tion, prohibiting polygamy and polyg- legal government that can exist in amous practises, has passed in 31 any part of the universe."

States: Religious: To overthrow Chris- Mormon Power, Purpose and Plans tianity and the Christian Church. Social: To make polygamy, as it POWER is "the law of Heaven," the law, also, Political: Reed Smoot, apostle and representative of the hierarchy of our land. in the United States Senate, is the Individual: To dominate all the oldest and has been for six years life and action of every Mormon.

one of the most influential members PLANS of that body. He is chairman of First, last and always to colonize. the U. S. Publicity Bureau and has Second: To send bright girls at permitted to remain in its files the expense of the Church to East- ern schools and colleges, to disarm nothing unfavorable to his church. prejudice. He has frequently occupied the ex- Third: To send bright young men ecutive chair and presided over the to theological seminaries, to acquaint business of the Nation for hours to- themselves with Christian methods gether, thus fulfilling a prophecy of and to entcr Christian pulpits. Brigham Young, that "Mormonism, polygamy and all, would be forced Mormonism-A Menace down the throat of the Nation."

Through its colonization policy in 1. A menace to honor and the 111- states where the balance of power tegrity of the nation; because in is easily obtained, the Mormon sworn testimony in the Smoot trial Church has immense political influ- it was shown that every Mormon ence controlling the vote of ever) leader takes an oath of treason and Mormon and thus giving- the solid vengeance against the United States.

Mormon vote to the political party Their leaders have declared that they which will help and not interfere expect conflict sooner or later with with the Mormon system. this nation.

Commercial: By fdr-reaching trust 2. A menace to national ideals. affiliations, the hierarchy influences a. To pure home life, through or dominates business interests all polygamy. over the land. b. To individual f r e e d 0 m through claim to political and As a Religious Force: It unites life control. Church and State, assuming com- c. To democracy, by the ideal plete control of each. It sends thou- of a kingdom. sands of missionaries throughout this land and all lands, under command 3. A menace to high moral stanto visit every city, town, hamlet and dards according to Brigham Young's house and to talk with each person at least twice. testimony. . 4. A menace to regard for law PURPOSES and decency according to Joseph Political: To establish a temporal Smith's sworn testimony in Smoot monarchy and to rule this Nation trial. He confessed he violated both and all nations, because "The King- ill order "to obey the law of God."

*DispJayed at the Presbyterian General Assembly at Atlanta.

5. A menace in their appeal to der of Heaven"-"to disobey means converts. damnation." "Christ obeyed and had a. They teach: That Mormon- several wives."-Quoted from "Doc_ ism restores primitive Chris- trines and Covenants," "]ournal of tianity with all its powers and Discoveries," "Pearl of Great Price,"

forms. and "Compendium of Doctrine for b. "That no sin enters Utah." I9 I2."

c. Additions to the Bible Mormons in United State.

through constant and direct One mill}on in good and re~ular revelations. standing: one-half million 'Jack d. The provision of a way by :Mormons," i. e., .Mormon supporters, baptism and marriage alter according to ex-Senator Cannon. death to save dead relatives. Mormons claim six hundred e. The right of selfishness in thousand converts. :11an, and duty of unselfishness Burton Hendricks, in McClure's m woman. Magazine articles, which Mormons Mormonism pronounce correct, gives these fig- Its corporate title, "Church of Lat- ures: ter Day Saints of Jesus Christ." Utah …………………… . 112,000 Politically. A self-styled kingdom Washington ……………… " 61,000 within a republic. One of the most Montana …………………. . 87,000 compact, wealthy, one-man-controlled Idaho …………………….. . 81,000 Wyoming …………………. . 46,000 kingdoms in the world to-day. Oregon ………………….. . 56,000 "The organization of Mormonism 63,000 Colorado …………………. . is the most perfect secret organiza- 40,000 tion with which I have ever come California ………………… . 39,000 Arizona……. . ………. . 24,000 N.ew Mexico ……………… .

in contact except, perhaps, the Ger-· Nevada …………………… . 22,000 man army."-Prof. Ely,· of Califor- Proportion of population in 1832, one m every I,I25; in I9I3, one in nia. every 180. Government religious Brigham Young claimed, and census for 1906 gives proportion of growth in membership to religmaintained, the right of the hier- ious increase in entire population archy "to control every act of everv since I890 as 38 per cent. Mormon Mormon from the cradle to th~ against 28 per cent. Protestant and grave." 21 per cent. Roman Catholic.

"Joseph Smith is God's represen- Proportion religiously affiliated tative on earth, and by virtue of his in various states, as per Government acknowledged polygamy will be- census: come a god after death."-"New Witness for God," p. 187, Journal Utah ………………… 92 per cent, of DisCDveri.;s. Tdaho ………………… 62 per cent. Vyoming …………. ,… 11 per cent. C01mnerciallv, a gigantic trust, Arizona ………………. 24 per cent. identified with m03t of the great tru·sts of the country, especially the "Sugar Trust." Nevada ……………….. 8 per cent.

Joseph F. Smith is director of all Colorado ……………… 3 per cent.

the great commercial activities of Mormons are scattered through ali Utah and Idaho. other states from the Pacific to the As a Religion. A mixture of P;.t- Atlantic, and from the Lakes to the ganis11l, Mohammedal1ism, Judaism Gulf. They claim to control a belt and Diabolism, with the lowest con- of states cutting the country in two ception of a God of any system the from the North to the South.

world has known except devil wor- By method of colonization they ship. Teaches many gods who be- now control eight states through bal- come gods through practise of polyg- ance- of political power, giving 66 amy. The "Divine and eternal or- electoral votes.

IT PAY TO CHRISTIANIZE THE INDIAN?*

BY LEVI LEVERING, AN OMAHA INDIAN CHIEF, BEGGS, OKLAHOMA Superintendent, Nuyaka (Government) Boarding School OST of the arguments willing. to accept the religion of our Lord and Master Jesus Christ.. EMll for or against Indian education are written The religious awakening has an by white men, but I effect upon the Indian which is little wish to speak of the short of marvelous. This effect is problem as an Indian not confined to any particular tribe, sees it. One summer, but is the same among Indians whermore than 40 years ago, when my ever found. I heard not long ago a people, the Omahas, were hunting the Nez Pen;e Indian preach and pray. buffalo on the prairies of Nebraska, If I had needed any additional argu- I first saw the light. I grew up with ment for the desirability of Christhe other Indian children untilwhen I was seven years old-a kind tianizing the Indian, that sermon and Providence turned my steps toward the Presbyterian Mission School, that prayer would have convinced me. near the Omaha Agency. Later I No work which produces such results was graduated from Carlisle, and can lie in vain. then spent three years in Bellevue College. Ever since then I have been I was a delegate from my tribe in the service of our government in to the Sioux Indian Conference, in its Indian schools. In spite of these South Dakota. Many of the Indians experiences, however, I have always gathered there represented the most maintained an active interest in my blood-thirsty tribe of the old days. own Omaha people, and felt it a But here again I realized that the great honor when, five years ago, they elected me as a Chief in our preaching of the Gaspel has the tribe. power to change men's lives.

'When Columbus landed on the My own people, the Omahas, live shores of America he found the in northeastern Nebraska. They are country peopled only by the so- not a large tribe, but "Father" Hamcalled Indians. To-day the Indian is ilton loved them and labored faithstill in our midst. During this long fully for their uplift. I think they period he has proven that he pos- have been progressive in every sesses all the attributes which God has respect. They have a neat church bestowed upon other members of the and manse, and the majority own human family. He has shown that good houses and farms. he has an intellect which is capable of development, that he is ready to It has paid and is paying to receive instruction, and that he is Christianize the Indian, and it is able to take his place as an American going to pay more and more until all citizen in every sense of the word. the red children are brought to Christ and His Church. Of course, we What difference does it make must not always expect results too whether a man's skin does chance to "uick!y. The Indian must have a be red, when we remember that God fair chance, we must be patient with "hath made of one blood all nations him in his struggles and stand by him of men for to dwell On all the face of when he fails, just as we must in the earth." What difference, I re- the case of any other person who is peat, does it make, so long as the weak and has many things to dis- Indian is willing-willing to be courage him. taught in our schools, willing to adapt himself to American ways of living, The great mission of the Church is to bring- men to God, and this mis- sion will not be accomplished until the American rndians are brought into the fold .

• The Assembly Herald.

EDITORIALS

THE BROTHERHOOD OF MAN fallen and that the spiritual image of God has been so marred as to THE expressions, "Fatherhood of be practically obliterated; that he God," and the "Brotherhood ot has therefore lost the right to be called a child of God and has there- Man," sound altruistic and religious. fore lost his spiritual life. As a re- sult, what men need is not first educa- Many people use them glibly without tion but power, not a new start but new life, not a human uplift but birth much consideration of their real from above. meaning or the logical outcome of This is the teaching of our Lord their adoption as a working creed. Jesus Christ in the Gospel according to John. The Jews claimed to be These ideas arc popular among So- the chosen people of God, and the children of God (John 8: 41), but cialists, among Hindu reformers, showed no spiritual likeness to the father and refused to receive the Bahaiists and also among some Son of God. To them He said: "If God were your Father ye would love Christian Sociologists. How far are Me. . . . Ye are of your father they true and how are they related the devil" (John 8: 42-43; I John 3: 8). The apostle John, who wrote to the purpose and the progress of in order that men might believe and have life, declares that only to those Christian missions? who "received Him" (Jesus Christ as the Son of God. I John 5 :12) These questions are brought to did He (the Father) give "the right to become children of God . . . mind by a recent review of a vol- who were born not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the ume on "Spiritual Culture and Social will of man, but of God" (John Service." The reviewer commends 1: 12-13). The doctrines of the Fatherhood the thought that ignorant, non- of Gorl. and the brotherhood of man Christian men are merely the are half-truths that have led many to deny the necessity of new spiritual "weaker children of God to be helped life from the Spirit of God-not only new in degree but new in kind. Even and uplifted by their stronger the words of Christ: "All ye are brethren" and "One is your Father," brothers" and that we can not say were spoken to the disciples, not to unbelievers. God is the Father of "Our Father" unless we regard every all men as lIe is the Creator and in a natural sense all men are brethren. human being as "our brother." The This should lead us to humility and to sympathy with all mankind. W to Christian author goes so far as to should despair of none from what- ever race or condition he may come, say that "we have no right io inter- for Christ Jesus came to bring the good news of salvation to all men. pret our individual life upward and then interpret our brothers' lives downward. . You are God's child; so then is the humblest ser- vant in your house." This sounds sympathetic and religious-is it true from a spiritual standpoint?

Here is marked the parting of the ways for two classes of Christian thinkers. The one party would ar- gue that God's image is in every man and that the life and light of God are common to all mankind- the Chinese pirate, the African can- nibal, the Hindu devotee and the Christian saint. According to this theory, what is needed is not a new birth but a development-a new en- vironment and better education-an uplift by the stronger brothers.

The other conviction as to mankind in relation to God is that man has But in a 3piritual sense only those unlimited. But there are two kinds who have received life through Jesus of power; ph)'sicai and moral. Physi- Christ can claim to be the children cal power depends on force or en- of God and only those who are His ergy. Moral power depends on co- children are members of the spiritual operation. By mere physical strength brotherhood (Matthew 12 :50). This you can lift a man out of the gutter understanding of the teachings of when drunk, but you can only in- Christ and of His apostles must im- sure his becoming a permanently press upon every Christian the ur- sober man by moral influence, the gency of the: call to use every possi- response of his own will. Fenelon ble means to preach the Gospel of says that in dealing with men, force Christ and to depend on the Spirit of can never persuade-it can only God for spiritual life (John 3: 5). compel, and so make hypocrites.

ORTHODOXY AMONG MISSIONARIES Oui Lord in His miracles did not simply work wonders by His own THE Presbyterian missionaries in absolute power. He addrest faith Korea have sent out a protest as the condition of healing. The against sending into their field any light of the body is the eye, not beordained ministers who deny or hold loosely the distinctive doctrines of cause the eye makes light, but makes the Church. The Presbyterian Ex- light available, like a window in a aminer thinks that there is no need for alarm since "ministers who have house. . Hence, unbelief limits God cut loose from the old faith are not because He will 110t treat man as a looking longingly toward a mission machine. He depends on man's restation in the mountains of Korea. sponse to His approach and appeal. They prefer as a rule a pulpit on the avenue or a chair in the semi- Thus, in limiting God, we limit nary." also our O'Wit attainment and achieve- ment. We can not do mighty works This, however, does not do crcdit to many Christians, whose spirit of -the same limitations we put about heroism and self-sacrifice is far in God we put about ourselves. And advance of their firm faith in what we to remove the restraint on His workbelieve to be the teachings of Christ ing is by the same act to remove the and His apostles. Some men are hindrances about our own. now in the field who are preaching a "gospel" of reform rather than Unbelief puts limitations upon one of regeneration through faith in everything good, while it offers fa- Jesus Christ. A few of these men cility for all that is evil. It dehave returned home aft.er a period discouraged and discredited. If men mands signs and wonders as a conand women do not believe in salva- dition of faith, and then rejects tion for this life and for eternity even signs when wrought. It pre- vents the acceptance of salvation, the true hearing- of the Word, seek- ing after eternal life, and rejoicing in God.

only through the Efe and death of Unbelief insults and assaults God. Jesus Christ and by union with Him It makes Him a liar. It impugns and if the Bible is not their rule of His veracity, or sincerity, or both.

faith and practise, they would best He makes an unequivocal promise remain at home. Sure foundations and offers boundless benefits to the and a life hid with Christ in God are suppliant and obedient soul. If the needed to keep a man from sinking in offer is not accepted there is but the mire of heathenism. one solution. It is not believed to be a real, genuine offer. Take the LIMITING GOD sum of the whole witness God has FEW people realize how unbelief given of His Son: "He that be- limits God. They are wont to lieveth on the Son of God hath think of God's power as omnipotent, everlasting life; and he that be-

lieveth not the Son of God hath not the very goal of all their journey in life." It is obvious that no man can sight. The Lord had brought them believe that and not accept Jesus. out that He might bring them in.

The blessing of having, the curse And He had promised to bring them of not having, so infinite a good is in with wonders that rivalled His too obvious to allow of argument. bringing out. And here they were If, then, any man does not accept at Kadesh Barnea, on the borders, it must be because the offer is not if not within the land. And the real. Either God does not mean it, spies returned and all of them or He will not stand by it; He is brought a good report, and all told either not making a genuine offer, of the Anakim, but Joshua and Caleb or else He is changeable and will not encouraged them to enter and pos- now make His offer good. sess the land. But so unbelieving There is no sin or crime mort em- were they that they not only refused phatically arraigned in the Bible than to go up, but would have stoned the the sin of persistent unbelief in God. faithful spies for encouraging them It is treated as no venial fault, but to trust in God. How like the treat- as a mortal sin that holds in itself ment of the Lord JeSUUss—-oouur true the germ of all other sin and makes Joshua-when that same Hebrew all other crimes possible. people not only refused His saving Its first great arraignment is in message, but crucified Him for urg- connection with the Desert Journey ing them to believe and possess the of God's Pilgrim People, Exod., xvii. promises.

And it is well to notice just what Hear God's awful testimony and the sin was to which it led. They indignant rebuke (Numbers xiv, 21- came to Rephedem and there was no 39). Hundreds of believers come to water to drink, and immediately they the borders of blessing, hear the re- began to murmur and complain- port of those who have entered into almost ready to stone Moses. Now it, and urge them to go in and pos- mark how unbelief is oblivious of past sess their possessions; and flam that mercies and ungrateful for them. very gateway of blessing go back to Already there had been two stu- wander in the wilderness of Ull- pendous miracles wrought in con- belief!

nection with water-at the Red Sea Hence that emphatic saying twice and Marah. In one case the power found in the Old Testament, II of God had piled up the waters as Chron., xx, 20. Jehosaphat stood a wall; in the other, sweetened the and said to Judah and the inhabit- bitterness of them; and yet, as soon ants of Jerusalem: "Believe in the as a rtew crisis arose, unbelief forgot Lord, your God: so shall ye be es- all God had done. And the name of tablished; believe His prophets so . that place was called Massah-Temp- shall ye prosper." Again, in Isaiah, tation; Meribah-Provocation. Camp. vii, 9, Isaiah said to Ahaz, 130 years Hebrews, iii, 7; iv, 11. Better still before, If ye will not believe surely perhaps, exasperation, and what was ye shall not be established-a very so exasperating to God I They difficult passage to translate and con- tempted the Lord by saying, Is the vey the ful1 force of the original: Lord among us or not! They asked "Non credideritis, non intelligitis."

this in the presence of the Pillar If in God ye do not confide, of Cloud I Neither in power shal1 ye abide.

Another arraignment of unbelief is recorded in Numbers, xiv. This was "If ye will not believe, neither the crisis. Here God for the first shall ye receive."

time lost patience, which shows us Its most awful arraignment is in that even Infinite forbearance some- Hebrews, vi, 6, 7, 8; x, 29. It is times may be exhausted. Here was there represented as crucifying the Son of God afresh and putting Him of the once "hermit nation." Before to an open shame; trampling under and during the trial of the ro6 "con- foot, etc. This mysterious sentence spirators" the administration at- is passed over as an exaggeration. tempted to implicate directly the mis- God so loved man as to give His sionaries in the now disproved "con- only Son a ransom for the sinner. spiracy" to murder a high Japanese Everything depends, as to the prac- official. This charge was embodied tical effect of that sacrifice, upon the in the "confessions" which Japanese acceptance of the Lord Jesus as Sa- police officials inspired and extorted vior. Every man, therefore, who on by torture from the luckless Korean any pretext rejects or neglects Him, prisoners. And now, since the com- practically makes vain His whole plete collapse of the prosecution, the atoning work. So far as he is con- same government is resorting to innu- cerned, our Lord might as well have endo in its official publications. The not died at all. Here has been an Japanese press contains many of expenditure of love that no language these charges and innuendos. Little can express, and it is treated as confidence can be felt in an adminis- nothing. tration which uses such methods. vVe Christ's Death of the Cross is hope it will not be necessary for mis- regarded as having once for all sionaries, in sheer self-defense, to atoned for all sin repented of' and detail, with name and date and place, forsaken. But if Christ is rejected, some of the many outrages against God is compelled to go back al:d person, property, honor, and hu- take up these pretermitted sil1.1 and manity, committed by Japanese sol- deal with them, legally giving each diers and officials in Korea, complete the just recompense of rewanl ar;d knowledge of which is in their pos- ending by visiting wrath on that last session. The missionaries have been and crowning sin of sins, rejection most circumspect, have endured with of proffered pardon and grace. great patience many trying experi- A. T. P. ences: But their cause and their honor must forbid continual and last- MISSIONARIES AND JAPANESE IN ing charges that have as their only KOREA foundation the animus of prejudiced ., pUTTING aside the past history or bad administrators. It is difficult, of their religious work in the if 110t impossible, for Christian mis- Peninsula (of Korea), the (Japan- sionaries to stand silently and idly ese) government now trusts these by while they see innocent fellow- foreign missionaries to confine their Christians maligned, imprisoned and activities to purely religious work tortured by officials who apparently without any intermeddling in political have ddermined beforehand the guilt affairs." This sentence is from p. of Koreans under trial. As men, if 52 of the "Annual Report on Re- not as mIssIonaries, these American forms and Progress in Chosen and British citizens must speak out (Korea) (19II-12), compiled by and call the world to witness and G'overnor General of Chosen, Kei- protest. In all other respects the jo (Seoul), December, 1912." It missionaries have been strictly non- is a typical specimen of the animus partizan and have advised the Kor- that has at times been displayed by eans to submit cheerfully to the J ap- Japanese administrators toward anese domination. The missionaries Christian missionaries in Korea.' The are not in Korea to interfere in poli- meaning which is evidently intended tics or national affairs but are there to be conveyed by the repeated im- solely to preach righteousness and plication of the sentence quoted is peace to the people and to extend the that missionaries did interfere and spiritual sovereignty of God through might again in the political affairs the Gospel of Jesus Christ,

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MISSIONARY NEWS NORTH AMERICA Korea. As The Continent remarks: Y. M. C. A. Secretaries for Army and "It is high time to drop argument Navy and apply the excellent solution which Abraham proposed to Lot." T HE new year-book of the Y. M. C. A. deals in large figures, which show the Association to rank in The Woman's American Baptist F. M. S.

property and expenses along with T HE two 'Woman's Baptist F. M. some of the largest religious de- Societies, which have had headnominations. The Army and Navy quarters in Boston and Chicago, have now been united into one. The new work is entering upon a period of society consists of nine districts, great development, thanks to its each with its own organizations. share in the will of the widow of Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery is General Daniel Butterfield, which is the first president of the United Soexpected to reach some $2,000,000. ciety, and Mrs. Henry W. Peabody is Great pressure has been brought to vice-president. The president and bear on the Y. M. C. A. by Govern- vice-president are starting on a ment authorities to provide secre- world-tour of Christian missions in taries for all battleships in the Uni- November. Mrs. Montgomery is ted States service not provided with also a member of the Editorial Coun- Government chaplains, and for as cil of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF many army posts in the West as THE VVORLD. may need them. It is reckoned that at least twenty-five men will be need- ed for navy work alone, and a con- The Kennedy School of Missions siderable number for army work. There are now two Y. M. C. A. "SPECIALIZED training for leadsecretaries in the naval service, one ership" is one of the favorite in the Atlantic and one in the Pa cific squadron. phrases of the day, and since the Edin- burgh Conference issued its call for "special missionary preparation on Comity Between Bible Societies the part of missionary candidates in T HERE is perhaps no field where view of the increasing complexity of the principles of comity and co- their work," it has often been heard uperation, which are in the air nowa- in missionary circles. The Hartford days, should more obviously be ap- School of Missions was opened In plied than in the work of Bible socie- I9II to meet this demand, and its ties. When so many places are without constituency during its first two the Bible altogether, there would years has been international as weil seem to be no reason why colpor- as interdenominational. It has pro- teurs representing two different or- vided instruction for candidates or ganizations should be traveling over 1111SSlOnaries whose work lies on the same ground. 11 is therefore three continents and in practically welcome news that the American and every large mission field; and it has the British and Foreign Bible So- thus' served nearly a dozen denomi- cieties have entered into an agree- nations.

ment by which the former gives tip It is now entering upon a period its work in Persia, and the latter its of greater usefulness. Through the work in Central America. The next generosity of Mrs. John Stewart step should be an agreement as to Kennedy of New York and friends who have met her conditions, the tion. Not a bad record for a people School of Missions will soon havp that a generation ago were in slathe income from an endowment 01 very and not only owned nothing but $5°0,000, and will hereafter be were owned by their masters!

known as the Kennedy School of :'.lissions, one of the several schools T A Good Work Advancing maintained by the corporation known HE Student Christian Movement as The Hartford Seminary Found" has a persistence and potency tion. which at one time was not counted on for it. When the World Federa- The courses offered aim to prepare for the delivery of the Gospel mes- tion was formed in 1895 there were sage; for the acquisition of foreign languages; for the work of teach- 599 local organizations with 33,275 ing; for an understanding of mis- members. These have grown in sionary problems; for a preliminary number to 2,320 with 156,063 memknowledge of the field, and for in- bers. In the United States there are creasing the efficiency in certain now 20 student secretaries of the practical directions. The strength of International Committee, 2I belongthe department on the Moslem field, under Dr. Macdonald and other ing to state committees, and I38 specialists, has attracted a number local secretaries giving their whole of missionaries on furlough. What time to this work. Successful evanthe school can offer as preparation gelistic meetings have been held in for work among Moslems is typical the state universities of Michigan, of what it hopes to offer for each Wisconsin, Iowa, Pennsylvania, Oreof the great mission fields. gon and Washington. The Federa- tion at the start organized in North America, Great Britain, Germany, More About Negro Progress Scandinavia and in mission colleges. Now it is well rooted in Holland, THE fiftieth anniversary of the Relgium, France, Italy, Switzerland, signing of the Emancipation Australasia and South Africa.

Proclamation has been the occasion Missionary Tree for many summaries of the progress A made by the negro race along vari- MISSIONARY, at a recent gath- ering, said pointedly: "I have esous lines. The anniversary edition of the year-book, issued by Tuske- tablished missionary trees all over the gee Institute, states that the Negroes country. But perhaps you don't of the country to-day own hundreds . know what a missionary tree is? A of millions of dollars' worth of land, missionary tree is one whose profit securities and other property. Negro goes entirely to missions. A Roxbor- farmers in the South are cultivating ough farmer has in his apple orchard about 42,000,000 acres of ground, a golden pippin tree that helps to sup- of which they own more than half. port the Chinese missions. A Florida In the State of North Carolina alone woman has an orange tree that helps Negro realty holdings are estimated to uplift the cannibals of New Guinea.

to be worth nearly $30,000,000. The A California nut fanner devotes a report of the American Church In- walnut tree to the spread of Chris- stitute for Negroes points out some tianity in 7.:anzibar."

of the more important achievements MorDloniam in a Nutshell of the race, namely, that they have T established more than 500,000 homes HE Utah Gospel Mission whose twofold purpose is the teaching owned in fee simple, have built and maintained upward of 26,000 of Christianity to Mormons and the churches valued at nearly $3°,000,- teaching of the truth concerning 000; and have expended more than Mormonism to Christians, has pub- $25,000,000 for their own educa- lished a considerable amount of good

special literature on Mormonism. VV'e ing better houses for their families take the following strong facts from and giving more heed to sanitation; one of its leaflets. both inside and around their dwell- In I890 there were I44,352 Mor- IIlgs.

mons in the United States, now there l'hysically they represent the flower arc said to be 400,000 in the United of the young manhood and woman- States, and 20,000 in other lands. hood of their people. The general In I91O, over I6,000 new mem- impression that the Eskimos are an oers were gained by birth, more inferior race, either mentally or phys- than half of the total, and by ically, does not hold good with re- proselyting. Two thousand Mormon gard to those in our Alaskan posses- missionaries are at work (about 800 sions. The Christian Endeavor meet- in the United States), who visit about ings are well attended, and a splen- 2,000,000 homes annually and distrib- did spirit pervades them.-Christian ute their literature, and hold some Endeavor World.

50,000 meetings. Mormonism is Another Side of Life in the Canal Zone paganism veneered with Christian terminology. It teaches that there arc O .'-l E of the achievements of our many gods, who were formerly men government in building the Panama and women, have flesh and bones, are Canal is the care given to the moral sinners, and often live in polygamy; and spiritual welfare of the workers that there is no Trinity, but that Christ on the Canal. As early as October is a polygamist and the Holy Spirit 4, 1905, church work was authorized is a fluid; that Adam is the god of by the Isthmian Canal Commission this world and each world has its as one of the means of stabilizing the own god; that sin is a necessity for working force and promoting social all; that there is a "priesthood," which order. By 191 I there were 40 constitutes "the only right govern- churches on the Canal Zone. All the ment" and receives continuous revela- buildings are on land set aside by the tion which supersedes all, if desired; government and 20 are owned by it. that there are four Bibles; and so on. Seventeen chaplains are maintained by the government. The center of No reader of these tenets of Mor- the social life is to be found in the monism can fail to see the necessity seven Y. M. C. A. club-houses, which of preaching the Gospel to its ad- were built by the government under herents, even if he is not conscious of President Roosevelt. Each clubthe evil and moral degradation which house with its equipment, cost $35,000, follow in the train of Mormonism. and was specially designed and con- Christian Endeavor in Alaska structed for the tropics. The mem- bers, who are all white Americans, THE work of the church at Point number over 2,000 men and about Barrow, Alaska, is supported by ISO boys. the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. The society of Christian SPANISH AMERICA Endeavor in connection with it here What Protestantism HilS Done for Mexico has a membership of more than 200, T including the Juniors, Intermediates, I-IAT Protestantism is to be one of the main forces in the future and Young People. These are all Eskimos. progress of Mexico is the conviction The Young People's society is of Signor Garza Leal, a Y. M. C. A.

largely composed of young married secretary, who bases his confidence people who constitute the progressive 011 what seem to him the things that element of the community. They it has already done for his native stand for the betterment of their own land. He says that it has been a condition, as well as that of their force against those who systematic- people. One by one they are build- ally rob the lower classes, and that

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it has helped to purify the Roman when the Master called the disci- Catholic Church and to rouse it to ples' attention to the widow who new activities. Protestantism has cast in all that she had. At a gather- helped to develop in Mexico a mid- ing of some three hundred supporters dle class. Its efforts have always of the Church Missionary Society been especially directed toward the held at Swanwick, England, during lower classes, who need only am- the summer, especial prayer was of- bition to be prosperous, clean, well- fered in regard to the large deficit educated, independent, and good. and over $80,000 was contributed to- That ambition the Protestant Church ward the fund to make up the is helping to awaken in them. amount needed. Many of the gifts evidenced heroic self-sacrifice. One Protestantism has helped, too, to young curate who had saved $500 a great extent to form an educated sent it all. A young lady who had class and build up the school system received a substantial present of in Mexico. Greatest of all is what money to enable her to realize a it has done for Mexican women. dream of her life in a visit to Pal- Here Signor Leal has a very per- estine, gave up the trip and con- sonal word to say: "I am one of tributed the money. From an old millions of Mexican brothers, and I shoemaker came a letter, in which am glad that through Protestant edu- he said that he had been asking God cation I have sisters who not only to show him how he could help. He have some sense, but who know wrote: they have it and use it, and show me through their acts that they are "Some of us are failing in our duty. I just as good and even better than have a feeling that I am to blame. I do 1." not earn a deal now, for I am seventy- ~ix years old, but I might have spared a .A The Putumayo Mission bit. Just to think of the light being with- FTER spending several months held from some who sit in darkness, be- in travel into the Putumayo dis- cause of selfishness or thoughtlessness in trict, and after expending thousands men like me. So I prayed and prayed of dollars for transportation and 'Lord, what can I do?' 'Mend your old equipment, the Evangelical Union of boots, they'll do a bit longer,' was the South America missionaries have re- answer. So here's the money I had put turned home to England. The party away for my new boots." of pioneer missionaries, headed by Dr. E. H. Glenny, endured many General Booth's Latest Scheme hardships on the journey and found that the Putumayo Indians, among GENERAL BRAMWELL BOOTH has projected a great whom they expected to labor, had moved further to the interior. The institution for London under the missionaries therefore returned home. auspices of the Salvation Army. It It seems strange that they did not se- is to be called the "University of lect some other locality where mis- Humanity," and will cost $1,000,000. sionaries are needed and there es- Two hundred men and 300 women tablish a station and preach the Gos- will be accommodated and educated pel of Christ. The rubber region in the ordinary courses of study, ill atrocities seem to be of the past, but manual training, in religion and ar- the Indians of South America are my organization, and in the social still neglected. activities that mark the work of the army In the slums. BRITISH ISLES T A Great Gift to Charity Inspiring Gifts at Swanwick HE announcement by cable of the death of Joseph Storrs Fry, STORIES of individual sacrifices of the famous cocoa firm at Bristol, for God's work have not lost and of his bequest of £149,000 for their appealing power since the day charities, including £43,000 for mis- sions, elicited some interest in the

Indian press, but there are many ac- celebration of the Livingstone centecounts in the English papers of his nary. The great missionary's medicine noble tho simple personality and chest was on view, together with other Livingstone relics and some his large charities. J. S. Fry was interesting microscopical exhibits re- lating to tropical medicine. The 26 a member of the Society of Friends students in residence illustrated the but he was a servant of the churches, cosmopolitan nature of the college, "as much separated unto the Gos- for they represented 9 different napel as the highest ecclesiastic who tions and I3 denominations. Nine, realizes fully the spirituality of his six and three months' courses are high calling." A writer in the Lon- taken at the college. This does not don Friend says of his public life: mean the turning out of medical mis- sionaries but it means that the ex- "J. S. Fry must have presided and student will know how to look after his own health, do simple doctoring spoken at more meetings for relig- for his natives, and give "first aid" ious and philanthropic subjects dur- to his wife or to brother missioning the last forty years than any five a 1')'. others of his fellow citizens." On the day of his funeral the Friends' THE CONTINENT Meeting House could only hold the personal friends and relatives and Outlook for Temperance in Europe those present in a representative capacity; but many others were T HE rulers of Europe are well present at a memorial service, im- disposed as to the cause of pressive in its simplicity, held simul- liquor. Alphonso XIII of Spain and taneously at the Cathedral. Mr. Fry his mother, Queen Christina, are was interested in everything that Loth total abstainers. So is Victor benefited his fellow men. His em- Emmanuel III of Italy, as well as ployees were never forgotten, but his Oueen Wilhelmina of Holland, and interest extended to hospitals, adult l;–er mother, Queen Emma, the two and Sunday-schools, orphanages and queens of Sweden and King Gusthe Y. M. C. A., and stretched out tavus Adolphus, Czar Ferdinand of to foreign missions; he appeared to Bulgaria, and George V of Great have a passion for humanity, and Britain. The emperors of Austria, he ever sought to bring men into Russia and Germany are extremely touch with the Lord. abstemious in the matter of stimu- lants, and have done everything in Making Long-lived Missionaries their power to encourage temper- ance among their subjects. "jF I had the ordering of things," said a famous surgeon and mis- A National Missionary Collection sionary enthusiast at Livingstone College, London, England, recently, AMONG many forms of national "no missionary should leave our celebration which have been shores until he had taken a nine adopted in Germany to commemormonths' course at this college. Liv- ate the completion of 25 years' reign ingstone himself had no pride in mis- by the Kaiser, is one in aid of forsionary martyrs; he did not believe eign missions. It is called a national in dead missionaries. It is the long- collection, because it is the only lived missionary that we want to one in which the whole nation is cultivate." Livingstone College, oc- participating. It is divided into two cupying a pleasant house and grounds sections, part for the Evangelical in an unspoiled corner of Leyton, ex- and part for the Roman Catholic ists for that very purpose. Saturday missions. The Evangelical collecwas Commemoration Day, and it was tion, according to latest informathought fitting that this year the fes- tion, amounted to two-and-a-haJf miltival should have a special note, should be, in fact, the college's own

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lion marks (£I25,000). Evangelical peal to the various pastors for Christians of all denominations are evangelistic servants, knowing them participating in this collection. When to be honest and diligent, and even complete, the money will be pre- the Royal family entrusts the care sented to the Kaiser, who will have of its children to Protestant goverthe pleasure of forwarding it to the nesses. various foreign missionary societies Sabbath Neglect in Germany of his country.

Zionist Congress T HE Berlin correspondent of the London Christian World reports T HE aspirations of the Jews which find expression in repeopling the Prussian government will attempt to secure the enactment of a law to Palestine and restoring it to Jewish secure better observance of Sabbath. control are promoted by what is At present the day is not given to known as the Zionist movement. religious observance to any consid- The annual convention has just been held in Vienna. There are two erable degree. It is devoted to reschools of Jewish patriots among· creation, amusement, sport, theater- going. The Protestant Churches are them-one which would secure politi- represented as pretty near emptycal control of Palestine, and the men are said to be rare among attenother which would promote primarily dants. The new law proposes to industrial and agricultural develop- reduce 3.n<1 change the hours when ment looking upon the territorial stores, shops and box-offices may be control as impracticable, more so now open, but the cafes and saloons may than ever, since Turkey has suffered continue to be open all day and all so great losses in the Balkan war. night. The storekeepers will be At the Vienna meeting colonization asked to cover up the displays in was strongly urged. It was deter- their windows. There can be no mined to establish a university at question of the need of a more rev- erent :lnd religious observance of the Jerusalem, $500,000 being named as day, but the measure proposed does the sum required. The delegates to not seem likely to secure it nor will the Congress subscribed one hun- anything else until the spirit of loyaldred thousand dollars, an American ty to the Lord of the Sabbath takes Hebrew giving one-fourth of it.

Protestantism in Italy hold of the people. The correspond- ent quoted above says: "The fact is I N Italy there are about 600 Prot- that, as far as Germany is concerned, estant churches, with a member- Sabbath is in imminent danger of ship of 25,000, the vValdensian losing its significance, and until its Church being by far the strongest people treat Sabbath as the Lord's Protestant body. There are sev- Day all the restrictive legislation in eral fine educational institutions, the world will not help."

medical missions, etc., and I5 relig- ious papers and revieW's carry the Religious Freedom in Russia Gospel over the Peninsula. A great T change has taken place in the at- HERE is no such thing. The Czar, several years ago, issued titude of the people toward Protest· antism. ·Whereas formerly Italian an _edict guaranteeing religious free- converts were regarded with sus- dom, but it has remained a dead picion and even as morally infectious letter, as the laws necessary for its and boycotted from public hospitals enforcement have never been passed, and factories, to-day they are re- and are not likely to be soon. The spected, sought out, and all doors same intolerance continues. No mis- are open to them. The press speaks sionary of any religion is allowed well of them, the cultured classes ap- in Russia.

How a Church Began in Spain was opened, which in r88r was T HE beginning of the Protestant made a boarding school, and con- . Church in a Spani5h village is tains now about 50 pupils annually.

thus described by Pastor Theodor There is also an organized Evangeli- Fliedner :-"A peasant was brought cal Church among the Bulgarians to Madrid to undergo a serious oper- of the place, and an orphanage con- ation. On his recovery his wife taining about 40 children.-The came to take him home. While in Orient.

Madrid, she saw a Bible for the ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS first time, and bought it. The husband and wife read it together, and Missions and Higher Education in a new world opened to them-they were taken hold of by the power of Turkey the Gospel. Another, a drunkard and gambler, joined them. He, too, I NSTITUTIONS of higher educawas won over. Besides the Bible, tion, of any kind, are few and far they possest the 'Pilgrim's Prog- between in Turkey. There are sevress.' One day I received a letter eral cities of over roo,ooo inhabitants from the village, of which I din each with no semblance of a highnot even recognize the name, beg- school or a college, as, for example, ging me to come as soon as possi Damascus, Bagdad, Aleppo, Salonica, ble; a number of people there were and many others of over 50,000 each, anxious to hear a Gospel sermon such as Adrianople, Afion Kara His- I went, and, in spite of the diffi- sar, Trebizond, etc. And all these culties which were made by the cities are centers of a considerably clerical party, I was able to preach larger suburban population, equally in a yard to a large congregation." neglected. What an opportunity for the philanthropist who wishes to pro- Monastir: A Center of Interest mote the cause of education! And now is the time, for the people are T HE town of Monastir, which by eager for the best possible training Serbo-Blligarian treaty before and are willing to pay for it. the war was to go to Bulgaria, has now been assigned to Servia by the There are now 3,796 students in the arrangement with Greece. News various American colleges in Turkey. comes also that Isa Bolatinatz and Of these 917 are in the Syrian Prothis Albanian cohorts, estimated at estant College in Beirut and 470 in 25,000, are marching to effect the Robert College. These students incapture of Monastir. Thus the town clude 1,370 in collegiate and 1,795 in of 50,000 inhabitants that has been preparatory departments. There are a station of the American Board for 1,589 Armenians, 891 Greeks, 198 40 years suddenly springs into un- Turks and 497 Syrians, 124 Jews, II9 enviable fame as a bone of con- Bulgarians, 34 Albanians, 36 Russians and 199 Egyptians. These colleges are a great force in the upbuilding of tention between four nations. Its the Nearer East. Slavic name, Vitolia, as well as the An Opportunity for Love Greek Monastirion, has reference to A an old monastery found there by MOHAMMEDAN Sheikh of Bagdad, says 111en and Missions, the Turks when they took the re- gion. Next to the Moslems, who has recently sent an appeal to Chris- comprized nearly one-half the popu- tian nations, which appeal contains lation up till a year ago, came the such sentences as these: "Islam is Bulgarians; there are also in the filled with anger and hatred against immediate vicinity many Rumanians, Christianity. We hate you to-day Jews and gipsies. more than at any other period in our Two American Board missionaries history." "We have only horror and and their wives occupied the sta- contempt for the culture and civiliza- tion in 1873. In 1878 a girls' school tion which make you so rich and

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glorious." "We hate your civilization this work, and not only into India, because you uphold that it rests upon but into all the nations of the the doctrine of the Trinity." "We earth wherein missions are being desire to hold the same attitude to- carried on, and this now means ward you forever." nearly all nations. But the money Work for Lepers in Persia is' not the only thing which has been poured in, but human life, sacrifice, T HE outcast lepers in Persia, where prayers. For what purpose was all the disease appears to be serious- this century of noble enterprise and ly prevalent are still neglected but it is labor? For one chief purpose–the hoped that the Mission to Lepers will giving of the Gospel to these mil- soon make a grant toward supplying lions, that they might be rescued some relief and Christian teaching to unto eternal life through Christ's the lepers in the isolated colony about work for them and in them. What a day's journey from Tabriz. have been the results? Thousands For several years the missionaries saved unto eternal life, and relief and have paid occasional visits once or prosperity for the life that now IS, twice a year to these neglected people to thousands more.

in their village of mud huts, many of Living Epistles in India which have become dilapidated and are mere miserable shelters, not pro- O F a village in Aurungabad, tecting their inmates from wild beasts where only a short time ago and robbers. Sometimes in a hut six those who had the courage to befeet square, four or five lepers have come Christians were turned out of had to sleep and live. The journey house and home by the Mohammefrom Tabriz is long and difficult, across the plain and over a steep path dan owner, the Rev. J. P. Butlin which is closed in winter. The number of lepers varies from 75 to 150, writes: "One of the most remarkand there can be no doubt that they able sermons I ever heard (or saw) form one of the most needy and neg- was what happened when we lected communities in the world. Mrs. c.amped at B–. It wa, enacted Vanneman has made one or two re- rather than spoken. The catechist cent visits to them, providing extra invited the elders of the village to food, medicines, materials for cloth- my tent to see me, and they came. ing, and quilts for warmth in the And. then the Christians who had winter. On her December visit she formerly been thieves and thoroughly found that many of the lepers had bad, but were now reformed by the died from hunger during the siege of grace of God, came and told the Tabriz. There were at least 16 chil- story of their's and the world's saldren in the colony, half of them prob- vation in song. Truly the refrain, ably untainted. 'For sinful men, for sinful men He came into the world, to die and be a Savior, for sinful men,' was a wonderful sermon, for these were INDIA AND TIBET some of the people He had saved, and this was their testimony to the The Centennial of Missions in India whole. village. It was not for me to speak. 'Ye are our epistle . . T HE approaching centennial of missions in India calls atten- known and read of all men.' " tion in a wide way to the whole F question of missions. The Ameri-. Hardships of a Persian Convert can Board alone has invested about ROM Bombay comes the story $10,000,000 in these missions. It of a young Persian of royal is not hard to imagine, then, in blood, who, while visiting a wealthy the absence of exact figures, the relative in that city, met an earnest much larger amount which the whole young- Christian, who told him of Christian Church has poured into the One who could satisfy the long-

ings of his life. The young man CHINA told his mother that he was going to be baptized. At once his father was Victories Gained for the Gospel sent for and preparations were m.ade for his return to Persia. One SAYS a recent writer: "One's heart morning, before it was light, the can not but be stirred by the news young man slipt away to a mis- of Gospel victories coming just now sionary's house. When his father from China. In Shanghai the reform- sought him there, and begged him atory authorities have asked the Young to go back with him, he replied: Men's Christian Association to fur- "But why should I go? I helVe nish teachers for educational, Bible, known no joy or satisfaction ever and personal hygiene classes, and to to compare with what I now know. provide a religious service on Sun- Surely this is the Way." It was days for the boys. The auditorium impossible! And so his father hav- and gymnasium of the Association ing taken all the boy's clothing ex- Building were packed to overflowing cept what he had on, and having with men to attend the religious prayer spat in his son's face, disowned him service requested by the government. for ever with a curse. The father Two thousand men sought entrance, bought poison and offered a friend among them being many leading men a large sum if he would see that of the city and government, some atit was put in his son's food. Later, tending their first prayer service." the young man and his Christian friend, while walking in an out-of- Christian Influence at Work the-way part of the city, were attacked by a group of men and were T HERE is no "sign of progress" severely beaten. He is now living more marked than the changed athis new life in another city, for his titude toward Christianity on the part friends do not consider it safe for of officials, gentry, and the common him to remain in Bombay.-Young people. The attitude of the officials Aien of 111dia. is more than simple religious tolera- tion. Under the old regime students A Challenge to Occupy Tibet from Mission-schools and ministers of the Gospel were not even allowed a A WOMAN of the Christian de- voice in the selection of delegates to nomination, who is especially in- the Provincial Assembly. Now they terested in the evangelization of may not only be members of this As- Tibet, has issued a stirring challenge sembly, but numbers of them have to the people of her church in these been appointed to high official posiwords, which appear in The Mis- tions. Those who have investigated sionary Intelligencer: tell us that 65 per cent. of the present officials in the K wangtung province are "1 do hereby covenant with my either members of Christian churches, Heavenly Father and with the mission or in such close connection with of the Foreign Christian Missionary churches that they call themselves Society in Tibet, to build churches .and Christians. A district magistrate, forchapels to the number of 30 as statIOns merly a preacher, says that no item of and out-stations are opened in Tibet- business is transacted in his yamen on in order that the last man in all Tibet Sunday. He holds religious services may be within reach of the Gospe1." and still preaches as opportunity offers. A preacher was one of the first ad- The denomination must provide the visers of the first Viceroy of the Remissionaries and build them homes. public. If this is done, six main stations and twenty-four out-station? will The Curse of Opium have churches and chapels, and Tibet may be evangelized in this T HE origin of the opium problem generation. can not be better described than in the words of Lord Morley of Black- burn in his comments on Mr. Glad-

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stone's attitude to the opium war of women may come forward and lay 1839-42: "The Chinese question," he their culture on the altar for China writes, "was of the simplest. British in this hour of opportunity." subjects insisted on smuggling opium into China, in the teeth of the Chinese How the Gospel Reached an Island law. The British agent on the spot began war against China for protect- HAITANG is a Chinese island ing herself against these malpractises. about 25 miles long, with a popu- There was no pretense that China was lation of 70,000. About 37 years in the wrong, but war having begun, ago, we are told, an inhabitant trav- Great Britain felt bound to see it eling on the mainland heard of Jesus through, with the result that China from a fellow traveler at a Chinese was compelled to open four ports, to inn. He accepted the truth, recede Hongkong, and to pay an in- turned to Haitang, and did not rest demnity of £600,000. So true is it until he had carried the Gospel to that statesmen have no concern with everyone of the 411 villages on the paternosters, the Sermon on the island. When the missionaries came Mount, or the 'vade mecum of the about 10 years ago they found a moralist. We shall soon see that this prepared people. There are now transaction began to make Mr. Glad- preaching stations in 30 villages. stone uneasy, as was indeed to be ex- Some of these poor village Chrispected in anybody who held that a tians give one-fourth of their 1l1come State should have a conscience. Under for the spread of the Gospel. such conditions was opened a chapter in our national history on which this European Vice in Peking. generation will live to look back with shame and humiliation." T HE missionary meets no greater difficulty in his work than is pre- A Critical Time for Chinese Women sented by the lives of some other representatives of Christian lands. A JN a striking article in the October sad commentary on the state of affairs C. M. Re~'ie"W, Miss Lambert, Prin- in Peking is to be found in an extract cipal of the C. M. S. girls' high- from The Republican Advocate, a school in Fuchau, says: "Delay Chinese publication of Shanghai: means loss. The whole education of the women of China might now be "The Boxer trouble made Peking the shaped bv the Christian Church. rendezvous of adventurers: many of them There is religions toleration. and the stayed and attracted others, with the reabolition of religious disabilities. sult that the city of the diplomats, has Some of the highest posts in the become a miniature Babylon. The pres- Empire are held by graduates from ence of undesirable foreigners has exer- Christian colleges. but we want thou- cised a most baneful influence not only sands more of them among 300,000,- on the foreigners themselves but also on 000 people. The women of China our yonth, who never knew what the are in a very dangerous condition, taste of European vice was until the Emancipated from centuries of serf- worst type of foreigners made their dom. ignorance and derogatory abode in our Capital. We are very pleased treatment they have new and great to note from the information circulated perils besetting them, so that if not by the Far Eastern Information Bureau. wisely and sympathetically guided that the diplomatic corps has determined now their freedom means disaster. to deport all gamblers and similar char- Vife trust that supporters ot our so- acters who are still in the Capital city. ciety may be alert so to impart in- Their women companions must go with formation and to use their influence them, and hereafter all of this kind who that, in the name and strength of venture here will be ordered away imme- God, well-educated Christian Church- diately.

"The diplomats have also decided that all foreign houses of prostitution. bars and restaurants must be regulated here- pfter. The day of wide open joints in Peking seems to be over."

It is time, also, that the American government and American business

houses insist that their representatives heard of it he exprest a desire to read shall at least live moral as well as it. Altho the professor spoke entirely outwardly honest lives. without notes, some one had reported the lecture in shorthand. A mission- Makers .f the New China ary, who happened to spend a half hour on the train with the Japanese pro- CHINA's changed attitude toward fessor who was appointed to translate Christianity is exprest by many this report for the emperor's benefit, of the makers of the new republic. learned that he had found it very diffi- cult to choose just the right word to I. President Yuan contributes translate "Service" in the heading of $1,000 yearly toward Christian mis- the lecture, because the idea was not sionary work. He has openly exprest to be found in Japanese thought. his desire that the new China may be built upon the foundation of Christian- A Notable Japanese Woman ity as the old China was built upon the foundation of Confucianism. T HE Outlook tells a very interest- ing story of the work of a Japa- 2. Vice-President Li Yuan Hung, ese woman who has made for herself military leader of the revolution, and, a unique place among the women of with the possible exception of Dr. Sun her nation. She is Miss Dme Tsuda. Yat Sen, the most widely beloved man She was one of seven girls-the first in China to-day, has voiced his strong to leave their country, herself but desire that more missionaries may seven years old-sent to America for come to China and penetrate into the an education. She spent ten years in interior provinces where yet they have schools in Vashington and distinnot gone. "We will do all we can to guished herself as a pupil on returning help them," he has said. to Japan at the age of r7. She was made secretary and interpreter to the 3. Tho not a Christian himself, the wife of Prime Minister Ito. When manager of the Kanking railway said the Empress of Japan opened a school recently: "Confucianism has supplied for peeresses Miss Tsuda was called China with precepts in the past, but to a place in it. This she later gave, China imperatively needs Christianity up and determined upon founding a to-day to supply her with moral power. school of collegiate grade for women. Many leading men are turning- toward No other school provided training for Christianity as the hope of China; it women beyond high school grades. is a sign of the times." In 1900 she began with IS pupils. 4. In order to accommodate the There are now ISO, with special buildthousands of students who attended special meetings recently held in Man- ings and grounds. The standing of churia, the g-overnor of the province the school is such that graduates have erected, at his own expense, a large license to teach in government schools auditorium which for several days without examination. Miss Tsuda. is was crowded to the limit with fully a devout Christian, and while her 5,000 government students and teach- school is not avowedly missionary, it ers. The provincial commissioner of is credited with sending yearly to education sat upon the platform homes of their own or to public places throughout the meetings.-Spirit of of influence from 20 to 25 college- Missiol2S. bred women in sympathy with the principles of Christianity. JAP AN-KOREA Odd Missionary Collections Service a Christian Idea I N one of the Methodist churches A SIGNIFICANT story comes three collections are taken. The from Japan concerning an inci- first is a plate collection for church dent connected with Professor Pea- expenses; the second is the woman's body's lecture at the University in special collection for the building Tokyo on the subject of "Liberty, CuL ture, Service." This lecture was highly praised, so that when the emperor

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fund of the church, and consists of a AFRICA-NORTH handful of rice taken from the regular allowance each meal and brought Baptisms of Moslems in a bag to the church on Sunday; and the last collection is given by the O N June 24 five persons were me'1 of the congregation who have baptized at the C. M. S. Misgiven up tobacco since becoming sion, Cairo. Three of them were Christians, and so contribute their an old man and his wife and son, smoke to the cause. and the other two a woman and her daughter. The daughter of the A .A Large Korean Bible Class old man, Mohammed, had already MISSIONARY writes home: been baptized. The old man him- The men's Bible class in Andong self was employed by the Mission last winter was the largest and best several years ago as gale-keeper, ever held there. About 350 men stud- but his zeal for Islam was 'Such that ied in the five divisions, and at night he hindered the work. Under the only one small comer of the church influence of the late Dr. Pain he was left for the women. They experienced a spiritual change, and brought their own rice, and prepared soon after Dr. Pain's death he asked it at little open fires, morning and for baptism. His 'Son about the evening, and slept in very over- same time, unknown to the father, crowded rooms at night. Another under the influence of a recent conclass with as big an increase would vert, was also led to Christ. The find us unable to accommodate it father and son were each afraid for comfortably. After this central class, several weeks of informing the other several smaller classes were held in of his change. the larger grounds throughout the country, some people walking five AFRICA-CENTRAL miles each morning and evening, in order to attend some of these. Many A Chief Destroys Objects of Worship of the country groups report a largely increased attendance within the AT Nabumale, the oldest station in last few months. One of Mr. Wel- Bukedi, in the eastern province bon's churches, on a recent Sabbath, of the protectorate, through the received 15 baptized members and labors of the Baganda and Basoga 25 catechumens. teachers, who volunteered for cer- tain periods of missionary work The colporteurs received a great among their Bantu and Nilotic neighstirring up after the class by the visit bors, a number of persons have put of a star colporteur from Seoul, who themselves under instruction. Of came to show them how to sell books. one chief, who publicly declared his Judging from the stories they tell, he faith in the true God, and deliberatewould make a good book agent at ly destroyed all the shrines and other home. People could not shake him objects connected with spirit-worship off, and had to buy to get rid of him. He took not only money, but various in his vil1age, the Rev. A. J. Leech articles. in pay, providing he could turn them into money. Since that writes: "During the last few months time the sale of Gospels has been his faith and trust have been very some 10 to 20 times as great as it had sorely tried; sickness has been enbeen. while the sale of some larger demic and bubonic plague has been books has fallen off. and less time is epidemic in his district, and he has spent in preaching. The seed is be- mourned the loss one after another ing sown broadcast in far greater of two of his sons and two of his quantity than ever before. and needs wives, besides many of his people. the prayers of the people at home, Then to his sorrow was added perthat the. harvest may be plenteous. secution, persistent and malicious. Some neighboring chiefs began to taunt him by asserting that he, by welcoming the Muganda Christian teacher to his village, and by givinl

heed to the doctrines of Christianity, pected from Kongoland to-day. The had angered the spirits and had hearts of workers there are glowing brought all this sickness and death with fresh hope, and Kongo-BaloIo into his country. They then began missionaries are looking around their to be angry with him, and accused sphere with a view to possibilities him of spreading disease and death that were never there before. It is into their territories, and have even huge-about 140,000 square miles; threatened to take his life if he per- put Great Britain and Ireland into it, sists in angering the spirits by main- and there would still be many miles taining his trust in 'Were' (the true to spare; but wherever they go within God) and in refusing to make offer- that area-and they long to go fur- ings and worship at the shrines of ther and faster than their present the offended ghosts."-C. M. S. numbers permit-they find the people Gleaner. awakening to a new life, and an open door on every side. There is a native A "Rush" into the Church at Bonginda, who is already worth W RITING recently from Ode 3,000 francs, which he has made in Ondo, a town 70 miles east of the gum copal business, and there is Abeokuta, Archdeacon Melville Jones no reason why he should not double said : "We have been spending Easter his capital in a year or two, unless here. My last visit was with Bishop there be a serious slump in the copal Tugwell in r906, when there was one market. This man is a Christian, church in the town which was filled and maintains his own evangelist in with a congregation of 330. On Sun- the field. He has just ordered 12o day last I preached in a very fine worth of corrugated iron from new church to a congregation num- Europe to make a roof for his house. bering between r,roo and 1,200. At some mission stations quite a There are two other large churches number of iron roofs may be seen in the town, and the total number on houses belonging to natives.

of worshipers on Easter Day can Millions Hungry for the Word not have been much under 2,000.

T The rapid development, this rush (I HE marvelous possibilities of Christian work in Africa are can call it nothing less) into the Church, is a wonderful opportunity, just beginning to be appreciated by and at the same time a tremendous the Church of God. Among the responsibility. How to shepherd our 2,500,000 of native Africans that are growing flocks is the problem. . . . dependent upon our Southern Pres- Training more African agents seems byterian Church for the knowledge the best way we can help the grow- of the Gospel, there is a pathetic ing work at this stage." appeal for more teachers to bring How the Gospel Advances to them the light of Eternal Life.

Dr. W. M. Morrison tells of a com- No better news than that can come munity in Africa visited by him some from Kongoland. It reached us time ago, where he found a chapel from Baringa where a Kongo-Balolo erected by the natives, with a boy 12 mission station was first opened in years old as their teacher and minis- 1900, amid a fierce and cannibal ter. This boy had attended a Chris- people that had never heard of tian mission school for a brief time, Christ. In r908, the church there and on being taken to his home by numbered 8; in r91O, IS; in 1912,80; his parents, began to teach his little and now as this extract from one of companions how to read by writing Rev. C. Padfield's letters shows, it is in the sand. The men of the village increasing fast. Many are being gathered around, and stated that they saved. Let this good news stand as could not allow the boys to learn typical of that which may be ex- something that they did not know;

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so the boy became the teacher of the progress. ( 1) The three Lutheran men. Finally they said to him: societies-Berlin, Norwegian and "You be our teacher and leader and Church of Sweden–have agreed to we will erect a chapel for you so a combined executive controlling in- that you can do the work as it is stitutions for native ministers, for done by the Christian missionaries." teachers and for evangelists. They Thus this young boy was teaching have also prepared a common hymn his whole village the knowledge of book and a joint syllabus for relig- the Gospel as he had learned it. ious instruction. (2) The United There are hundreds of other villages Church of Scotland and the Ameri- where the people are just as anxious can Zulu Mission have combined in to know the Truth. educational work and have a welI- AFRICA-SOUTH organized Union Theological Col- lege and a Normal School. (3) Missionary Waste in Natal Several undenominational societies T HE number of missionary socie- have started a movement toward fed- ties having more than three eration. There is still in Natal an white workers each in Natal is six- overlapping which is unnecessary and teen. There are about an equal wasteful and which seems on the number of societies having less increase. Societies claim to have than three white missionaries. The been sent by God into their respectformer may be classified, according ive fields and refuse to consider to Lewis E. Hertslet, secretary of common sense and Christian statesthe Natal Missionary Conference manlike propositions.

Advisory Committee on Coopera- The Needs of South Africa tion: Lutheran-5 societies (3 federated.) AT the Zurich Convention of the World Sunday-school Associa- Methodist-2 societies. tion the report of the Commission on Undenominational-3 societies (federa- South and Central Africa was made tion contemplated.) by Mr. Arthur Black, secretary. There are 9,000,000 people, black and Roman Catholic-l society. white, scattered over a territory of Anglican-l society. I,OOO,OOO square miles. Of these Presbyterian-l society (federated in 1,250,000 are white and the re- mainder are black. Thirty-six miseducation). CongregationaI-l society (federated in education). Salvation Army-l society. Baptist-l society.

The presence of smalle"r societies sionary societies are working among and independent workers further these people and it is the best cov- complicates the situation. Practic- ered of any missionary field in the ally all of the Protestant societies British empire, unless it may be one appointed official delegates to the or two islands of the South Seas.

meeting of the Advisory Council, The "Cape to Cairo" road, now which met at Maritzburg in Feb- within 600 miles of completion, is ruary, 1912. One society objected rapidly opening this territory. These to advise on the matter and some people, especially the blacks, are the of the native delegates were opposed most plastic and the most easily to the idea of cooperation. This at- reached on any mission field. There titude prevented any satisfactory are 30,000 schools and an enrollment progress. The only practical work of 337,000. There needs to be a given to the Committee was the Sunday-school council on this field preparation of a syllabus for relig- that shall bring the representatives ious instruction in all government- of all denominations together for aided native schools in Natal. conference and consultation. There There are three movements toward is great need of native leadership, federation that are making some and this must be secured through the

111lSSlOnary colleges, of which there in Japan. Now it is our sad duty are 50, with I,500 students. to record the death of Dr. Greene.

He was for over 40 years the dis- ISLANDS tinguished missionary of the Ameri- Slavery in the Philippines can Board. He went to Japan in I869 and has conspicuously figured in ACARTOON of a man bound the transformation of the nation. As with chains standing on a slave teacher of Old Testament in the block, and the caption, "Under the Doshisha, as translator of the New Flag," is not a pleasant one for Testament into Japanese, as reviser Americans to contemplate. The oc- of the modern Japanese Bible, as casion of this cartoon, in the New translator of books, as president of York S1tn, was the report made by the Asiatic Society of Japan, inde- Dean Worcester, of the Philippine pendent author, or as a preacher Commission, that slavery is all too of Christianity, Dr. Greene invari- prevalent in the Islands. This re- ably brought to bear upon his task port was called forth by a request an intellect trained by study and for information from the United experience and a balance of judg- States War Department and re- ment that commanded a hearing. For counts the capture of children and the last twenty years Dr. Greene their sale in the Islands or in China, has belonged to Japan more than their being enticed from home on to America.

various pretexts, and their purchase from parents. One thirteen-year-old Mrs. William BItler girl, for exa'mple, "had been bought MRS. WILLIAM BUTLER, who, from her mother for some pigs, with her husband, helped to chickens, rice, and a cloak." Slavery found Methodist missions in India exists throughout the Islands, ac- and in Mexico, died at her home in cording to this authority, even in Newton Center, Mass., September the so-calIed "Christian provinces," I2th, at the age of 93. under the direct control of the Philippine Assembly, not openly, yet Clementina Rowe was born in on such a scale as to make it one Wexford, Ireland, July 30, 1820, al~d of the most serious problems con- was married to Dr. Butler, in Portfronting the Government. land, Me., November 23, 1854. The Naturally, the accuracy of these two pioneer missionaries established statements has been questioned by their home in the city of Bareilly the Filipino Resident at Washing- just ten weeks before the breaking ton and others, and the report was out of the terrible Sepoy Rebellion. made the object of a severe attack Later Dr. and Mrs. Butler resumed in Congress, but Dean Worcester's their mission work until 1865, when statement has been confirmed by they returned to America. A few Mr. Forbes, the retiring Governor- years later she was one of seven General of the Islands. women to found the Woman's For- eign Missionary Society of the Meth- OBITUARY NOTES odist Church. In 1873 Mrs. Butler accompanied her husband to Mexico, Rev. Daniel C. Greene, D.D., of Japan where she shared with him the re- sponsibility of founding a mission I N our October number (p. 788) of their denomination. In I883 she we mentioned the honor con- revisited India, and in I906, a few ferred on Rev. D. C. Greene, of years after the death of her hus- Japan, when the Emperor presented band, she visited India for the third him with the Third Class of the Or- time, being a central figure in the der of the Rising Sun, the highest 50-year jubilee of Methodism in that order bestowed on civilians resident land. AND MISSION LANDS THE HOME MISSION TASK. Edited by friendly talk on the subject, and is Victor L. Master. 12mo, 331 pp. entirely free from dry disquisitions, 35c., paper, net. H. M. Board, South- while at the same time it furnishes a ern Baptist Convention, Atlanta, Ga., complete outline of the history of 1913. Japan and the leading characteristics of its people. Unfortunately, many Christians know nothing of the magnitude, prob- THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN JAPAN FOR lems, opportunities or success of the 1913 (including Korea and Formosa). Home Mission Task. They are con- Maps and statistics. Edited by John tent with general impressions and in- L. Dearing. 8vo, 751 pp. $1.25. Misterest. Mr. Master, secretary of the sionary Education Movement, New Southern Baptist Board, has gathered York, and John L. Dearing, Yokohama. together some 14 practical and informing papers on various phases of The eleventh annual issue of this the subject. It is an important book exceedingly valuable publication is an for pastors to read. The historical improvement even on its predecessors. matter relates almost wholly to the The topics covered relate to Japan's work of Southern Baptists, but other progress in domestic and foreign afchapters are of wide interest and im- fairs, in business and education, in portance. Dr. Wm. E. Thatcher gives political, social and religious life. his view of "House Keeping for Our Here we have the story of the visit Neighbor"; Dr. Howard L. Jones of Dr. Mott of the Continuation Compresents the "Social Application of mittee, and of the Japanese in Calithe Gospel"; Dr. J. B. Campbell de- fornia. There are also topics of inscribes the difficult "Race Question terest like the "Opinion of Japanese of the South," and others take up the on the Need of More Missionaries." Immigrants, the Highlands, Frontier The statistics are full and the mis- Missions, A Country Church, and the sionary directory is unusually com- Needs of the City. We especially plete. The 34 chapters and numercommend the chapter on the negro to ous appendices leave little to be the attention of Northern Christians. wished for in the way of record of It is safe, sane and Christian. Note. progress in Japan. "The supreme peril in the Southland is not the negro, but the white man." "THEOSOPHY AND THE COMING CHRIST." By OUR NEIGHBORS: THE JAPANESE. By Joseph E. R. McNeile. 1d. S. P. J., London, King Goodrich. 16mo, 246 pp. Illus- trated. $1.25, net. F. G. Browne & 1913. Co., Chicago, 1913. The author of this booklet was This is the first of a series of once so much under the influence of handy volumes to be issued dealing Theosophy that she went to India with the history and life of our to work with Mrs. Besant, the Proneighbors of other lands. Professor tector of the Faith, in spreading its Goodrich was a member of the facul- teachings. There, having fully investy in the Imperial College, Kyoto, and tigated its claims, she repudiated the gives to a very thorough knowledge cult, and turned to active teaching of Japan and the Japanese a style of of Christianity. She now exposes writing that is graphic, concise, and the absurdities of the cult. entertaining. Written in the first person, this little volume reads like a In order to enlighten others who have named themselves Theosophists without realizing the trend of the cult, she gives the facts which she discovered. She describes the teach- book contains an excellent bibli- ing that the Christ, the deity of the ography and an index. It is better Fifth Root Race (or Aryans), ap- ~dapted for study than for casual read- peared successively incarnated as mg.

Hermes, Zoroaster, Orpheus, and, WORLD'S, STUDENT CHRISTIAN FEDERATION. lastly, in Buddha, passed beyond need of further rebirth. In the next en- Lake Mohonk Conference, 1913. 8vo, 497 pp. World's S. C. F., New York. lightenment of the world, therefore, he merely made use of the body of This imposing volume reports the an advanced disciple, a man Jesus of Nazareth. addresses and discussions at a very According to the latest revelations, significant conference. The Christian the latest and most advanced of the Masters is now at hand. The Christ, Student leaders from all over the once more enlightens the world, using the physical body of a disciple, world came together at Lake Mohonk one Krishllamurti. A Madrasi by birth, he came under the influence of last June and there listened to re- Mr. Leadbeater .and Mrs. Besant, of the Central Hindu College, in Be- markable addresses from Robert E. nares, and around him they built up first the Order of the Rising Sun, BSapreoer~ Professor Cairns, of Scotland, which prepared his coming. Krishlla- Nicolay, of Russia, Charles murti later became head of the Or- Graus, of France, President Ibuka, der of the Star of the East and received worship from many disci- of Japan, Fletcher Brockman, of ples. He was completing in Oxford his preparation for his coming role China, John R.Mott, and others. It under the guidance of a high priest, when his father sued Mrs. Besant would be difficult to find a volume that for custody of his son, whom she was leading astray, and was shortly gives a more inspiring and encouragawarded the decision. ing view of the progress of the Gospel Miss McNeile attests that such facts show clearly that a Christian or one that shows more clearly the may not be a Theosophist. Theosophy need of prayer and of dependence on God for spiritual results. Robert E.

Speer's addresses on "Christ our Ex- ample, our Lord and Savior," and those of Mr. Brockman, of Mr. Graus and of Baron Nicolay were especially strong. The growth .of this F~dera­ tion in numbers and mfluence m the past 18 years has been remarkable. In the pa'st four years the Student Fed- eration has increased by nearly 300 associations and 20,000 members.

denies the Incarnation, the Atone- THE SOUTH MOBILIZING FOR SOCIAL SERVICE. ment, the death of Jesus Christ, and His claim to be the Only Way to Addresses delivered at the Southern the Father. These are the funda- Sociological Congress, Atlanta, April, 1913. Edited by James E. McCullock. Bvo, 702 pp. $2.00. Nashville, Tenn. mentals of the Christian faith and This important subject, with its any religion which attacks them is many phases, forms ~he basis of .adhostile. dresses by men of natIOnal reputatIOn.

A PRIMER OF HINDUISM. By ]. N. Far- Public Health wa" treated in nine quhar. 12mo, 222 pp Oxford Univer- papers, Courts and Prisons in six, sity Press, London, 1912. Child W eHare in five, Organized Mr. Farquhar has given us a very Charities in six, Race Problems in valuable and fair-minded short study eighteen, and the Church and Social of Hinduism. Those who read his Service in nineteen. It is a volume articles in the April (1912) number of worthy of careful study, and no ope the MISSIONARY REVIEW will realize who desires to be conversant WIth his ability to speak forcefully and the best thought and achievements clearly on the subject. He gives Hin- in this department of work can afford duism credit for its good points, but to overlook these valuable contribu- shows its weakness -and failure. The tions to the subject.

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION

MISSIONS IN LATIN AMERICA. Conference, The lectures not only describe revivals March, 1913. Foreign Missions Li- and how to promote them, but deal brary, New York. with prayer, the Holy Spirit, personal work, preaching, and the care of con- The Latin-American lands that verts. were left out of consideration at the Edinburgh Conference are here con- sidered in the report of a special What to Read on Burma conference arranged by the Foreign Missionary Conference of North ADONIRIAM JUDSON. By Edward Judson. America. The report contains the Am. Bapt. Pub. Soc., $1.50. excellent addresses by Bishop Hendrix, R. E. Speer, Miss Florence E. AMONG THE BURMANS. By H. P. Coch- Smith, Dr. L. C. Barnes, and Rev. rane. Revell, $1.25.

Jnan Gonzalez. Important themes Soo THAH. By Alonzo Bunker. Revell, $1.00. were discust and many diverging views were presented, but the time ODDS AND ENDS FROM PAGODA LAND. W. C. Griggs. Am. Bapt. Pub. Soc. 90c.

BURMA. M. and B. Ferrars. Dutton, $15.00.

allotted was evidently too brief to SKETCHES FROM THE KAREN HILLS.. A Bunreach conclusions on 'Such important ker. Revell, $1.00.

topics as "The Attitude Toward the NEW BOOKS Roman Church," "The Place of Edu- cation," etc. Nevertheless, the read- WITH THE TURKS IN THRACE. By Ellis ing of this report brings to light Ashmead-Bartlett. Il1ustrated, 8vo, 335 many helpful facts and opinions. pp. $3.00, net. George H. Doran Co., New York, 1913.

CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE BULLETIN. VHAT NEXT IN TURKEY. Glimpses of the President Edmunds' Report, 1911 to American Board's Work in the Near 1912. Published at 156 Fifth Ave., East. By David Brewer Eddy. Illus- New York. trated, 12mo, 191 pp. American Board, Boston, 1913. An elaborate and interesting report of this interdenominational missionary A CHURCH IN THE WILDS. The Remarkcollege is presented by the president able Story of the Establishment of the and is well illustrated. The college South American Mission Among the was founded by Dr. A. P. Hopper Hitherto Savage and Intractable Nain 1885 and has now 428 students in tives of the Paraguayan Chaco. By W. all departments. The plans for the Barbrooke Grubb. Edited by H. T. college include a large equipment with Morrey Jones, M.A. Illustrated, 12mo, first-class buildings, extensive campus 287 pp. $1.50, net. E. P. Dutton & Co., and up-to-date teachers and appara- New York, 1913. tus. The immediate needs inelude endowment for professors and schol- WINNING A PRIMITIVE PEOPLE. Sixteen arships, equipment for various de- Years' Work Among the Warlike partments and buildings. Tribe of the Ngoni and the Senga and Tumbuka Peoples of Central Africa. By Donald Fraser. With an Introduc- tion by John R. Mott, LL.D., F.R.G.S. Illustrated. 12mo, 320 pp. $1.50, net. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York, 1913.

REVIVALS OF RELIGION. By Charles G. A MODERN PILGRIM IN MECCA. By A. J. B. Finley. Revised and edited with notes by William Henry Harding. 8vo, 542 Wavell. 343 pp. $2.80. Small, May- pp. 2s. 6d. Morgan & Scott, London, nard & Co., Boston, 1913. 1912. .

These lectures were first printed in ALASKA: AN EMPIRE IN THE MAKING. By John J. Underwood. 440 pp. $2.00 net. Dodd, Mead & Co., New York, 1913.

the New Yark Evangelist, and awak- THE ApPEAL OF MEDICAL MISSIONS. By R. ened so much interest that they created a wide circulation for the paper. Fletcher Moorehead, M.B., F.R.G.S. They helped much to spread evangelism in America and England 80 years With an Introduction by Sir Andrew Fraser. 12mo, 224 pp. 25. 6d., net. Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, Edin- burgh, 1913.

ago, and they have lost none of their THE ITALIAN HELPER FOR CHRISTIAN WORKwonderful power. Every pastor and Christian worker who has not already ERS. By Rev. Angelo Di Domenica. done so, would do well to read them. B.D. l6mo, 143 pp. 50c., net, postpaid.

American Baptist Publication Seciety Philadelphia, 1913. • '

888800 TTHHEE MMIISSSSIIOONNAARRYY RREEVVIIEEWW OOFF TTHHEE WWOORRLLDD [[NNoovveemmbbeerr

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Expedition. By J. c. Keyte, M.A. REpORT OF THE WORLD'S STUDENT CHRISTIAN FEDERATION. Conference at Lake Mo- 12mo. $1.50, net. George H. Doran honk. 500 pp. 124 East 28th Street, Co., New York, 1913. New York, 1913.

A SOUTH AMERICAN TOUR. By Annie S. FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH Peck. Illustrated, 8vo. $2.50, net. AMERICA. 8vo. Foreign Missions Li- George H. Doran Co., New York, 1913. brary, New York, 1913.

THE MAN OF EGYPT. By Clayton Sedg- METHODS OF SPIRITUAL SCIENCE ApPLIED TO wick Cooper, M.A. Illustrated, 12mo. THE GOSPEL. According to St. John. $1.Z5, net. George H. Doran Co., New By John Coutts. G. Lyal, London, York, 1913. 1!!13.

OUT OF THE ABYSS: The Biography of UNCLE SAM. By Martha S. Gielow. Il- One Who Was Dead and Is Alive lustrated, 16mo, 61 pp. SOc. Fleming Again. With Introduction by Dr. H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. George Steven. 12mo. $1.25, net. George H. Doran Co., New York, 1913. INDIAN UNREST. By Chirot. $2.00. Mac- millan Co., New York, 1913. A HEROIC BISHOP. The Life Story of French of Lahore. By Eugene Stock. THE ALASKAN PATHFINDER. The Story of $1.00, net. George H. Doran Co., New York, 1913. Sheldon Jackson for Boys. By J Oh11 THE SPIRITUAL CONQUEST OF THE ROCKIES. T. Faris. $1.00. Fleming H. Revell By Rev. W. N. Sloan, Ph.D. 12mo. Co., New York, 1913.

$1.25, net. George H. Doran Co., New THE RUS·SIAN EMPIRE OF TO-DAY AND YES- TERDAY. By Nevin O. Winter. 476 pp. York, 1913. $3.00. L. C. Page & Co., Boston, 1913. GRIFFITH JOHN: THE ApOSTLE OF CENTRAL THE MODERN MISSIONARY CRISIS. By CHINA. By Nelson Bitton. Illustrated, 16mo, 143 pp. Is., post free. London James Pickett. 28., 6d., net. Primitive Missionary Society, 16 New Bridge St., E.C., 1913. Methodist Publishing House, London, THE GREAT EMBASSY. Studies in the 1913. Growth of Christianity. By Cuthbert McEvoy, M.A. 16mo, 96 pp. Is. 2d., THE SOUL OF INDIA. By George Howells, post free. London Missionary Society, B.D., Ph.D. 5s., net. James Clarke & 1913. Co., London, 1913.

THE KINGDOM IN THE PACIFIC. By Frank THE CITY CHURCH AND ITs SOCIAL MISSION. H. L. Paton. Illustrated, 16mo, 166 pp. By A. M. Trawick. 6Oc. Association Is. 3d., post free. London Missionary Press, New York, 1913. Society, 1913. "A CRUSE OF MOST PRECIOUS OINTMENT." THE HOLY LAND OF THE HINDUS. By Robert By W. St. Clair Tisdall, D.D. 21 pp., L. Lacey. 3s. 6d., net. Robert Scott, 3d. Nile Mission Press, 16 Southfield London, 1913. Road, Tunbridge Wells, England, 1913.

THE EMERGENCY IN CHINA. By F. L. THE BOOK OF BABIES. Stories for the Pri- Hawkes Pott. Illustrated. 12mo, 309 mary Department and the Home. By pp. SOc. and 3Sc. Missionary Educa- Mary Entwistle. 16mo, illustrated, 54 tion Movement, 1913. pp. 8d., post free. London Missionary Society, 1913. PAMPHLETS AND REPORTS DR. HORTON IN INDIA. An Account of a CONFERENCE ON MISSIONS IN LATIN AMEk' Visit to India in 1912-13. Illustrated, ICA. 20c. Presbyterian Board of For- 63 pp. 8d., post free. London Mis- eign Missions, New York, 1913. sionary Society, 1913.

BBRRIIEEFF HHrrssTToo11{{YY OOFF MMIISSSSIIOONNSS.. BByy JJaammeess LL.. YARNS OF SOUTH SEA PIONEERS. By Basil HHoowwee.. 22SScc.. CChhrriissttiiaann OObbsseerrvveerr,, LLoouuiiss– Mathews, M.A. With Notes and Sug- vviillllee,, KKyy..,, 11991133.. gestions by F. Deaville Walker. A BBooookk ffoorr WWoorrkkeerrss AAmmoonngg BBooyyss aanndd GGiirrllss.. IIlllluussttrraatteedd,, 9966 pppp.. 88dd..,, ppoosstt ffrreeee.. LLoonnddoonn MMiissssiioonnaarryy SSoocciieettyy,, 11991133..