The Missionary Review of the World — September 1937

1937

Beaten But Unconquered……in China James P. Leynse The Use of Chinese Gospel Posters R. w. Porteous Experiences in the Papuan Bush Russell W. Abel Work in Ethiopia and the Sudan Tom Lambie The Conquering Power of Christ Julius Richter Women's Work in the Country Church Mrs. James D. Wyker An Arab Consults a Missionary Doctor A Monologue by James Cantine 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember Reda;m;ng an abandoned church in cenlralIllinois

September 13-1S-C 0 n fer en c e on Those Abandoned Churches • • • Presbyterian Church and the Jew. Princeton Theological Seminary. that dot the hillsides and valleys of rural YOU ARE PRIVILEGED America to-day-more than ten thousand of to sponsor this marvellous October 2-6 – Triennial Convention. them-are a challenge to Christian people of work "With Christ along Women's Missionary Society of the the Old Back Road." United Lutheran Church in Amer- all Evangelical denominations. Some are only evi- $12.50 annually maintains ica. Buffalo. dences of changed conditions. Many others mark the the work of one Sunday retreat of Christian forces. School Class. SUMMER CONFERENCES AND $25.00 annually maintains SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS The vast majority of Christian people living in cities the work of a Sunday School. and towns do not understand the serious rural need $50.00 annually maintains September 20-24-Southern California of the hour. Neither do they realize that in countless the work of an unreached (Los Angeles). Mrs. H. M. Horn, instances the A.S.S.U. has met and is meeting that community. 1955 Carmen Ave., Los Angeles, need. Old church bells are pealing again, calling $100.00 annually maintains Calif. young and old to thousands of Union Sunday Schools. the work in any given county. September 20-24 – Minnesota (Min- In a fine old brick church in a prosperous farming $1,200.00 annually fully neapolis-St. Paul). President, Mrs. section of east central Illinois, an A.S.S.U. Mission- supports a consecrated and Charles L. Grant, 610 Aurora Ave., ary recently organized a Sunday School. Thirty-six aggressive A. S. S. U. Mis- St. Paul, Minn. attended the first meeting. Three weeks later the sionary. attendance reached sixty. Now the people have pur- Will your Prayers and yout September 7 – October 1 – D a 11 a s, chased an electric lighting plant, and evening serv- support go with us to this Texas. Pres., Mrs. E. R. Alderson, ices are being conducted by a regular minister. In needy field? 561 Goodwin St., Dallas, Texas. scores of other instances, work reclaimed by our ministry has been turned back to the proper September 27 – October 1 – Houston, denomination. Texas. Dean, Mrs. A. B. Haynes, 618 Highland Ave., Houston, Texas. Evangelical in purpose, non-sectarian in method. and true to the Word of God, theA.S.S.U. is actively September 28-30-A n n u a 1 Interde- engaged in this national ministry of restoring wor- nominational Missionary Institute, ship to rural churches in forty States. Will YOU help? Woman's Interdenominational Union of Philadelphia and Vicinity. First Baptist Church, Philadelphia.

October 5-6-Warren, Ohio. Mrs. George Konold, 314 Scott St., N. E., Warren, Ohio.

October 21- Baltimore, Md. Mrs. David D. Baker, 410 N. Calhoun St., Baltimore, Md.

!In the £un~ ot gonuh un~ His qou'£~ Home Letters of AMERICAN DEPARTMENT OF MISSIONS, R8l7 MARGARET DEAN McDOWELL 1816 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Sunday I wish to sponsor the work of the A. S. S. U. with the , She left a Chicago schoolroom to or- unreached millions of Rural America. ganize a cooperative laundry for refu- School Enclosed find $ ___ to be used for________ _ gees in Mesopotamia—and made it pay. Union ) Send your Quarterly Field Magazine – "The Sun- , She made friends with the sheikh of day School Missionary" a tribe of "devil-worshipers" who have an ancestral taboo against education- ( ) Mail your Booklet on Annuities. and he sent his children to her school. ( ) Send Sample Sunday School Literature. Name _____________ – – __ – ____ – , She met great ones of the earth-and in treeless Mosul spent hours creating Address _________ – _ – – – – – – – _ – – – a Christmas "tree" so that the children City ______________ State ______ _ should not be disappointed. 4 CHRIST ALONG THE OLD BACK ROAD , She began modern Christian educa- ESTABLISHED 1817 PIONEER SUNDAY SCHOOL ORGANIZATION OF THE USA tion for girls in Mosul-and many rise up and call her blessed. Personal Items one-half years of service as he says that he is "no longer able to recom- , Particularly valuable in connection The Rev. A. C. Snead, Foreign Sec- mend the Board as a Presbyterian with the coming year's study of Mos- retary of the Christian and Mission- missionary agency." Mr. Woodbridge lem lands. ary Alliance, sailed for a tour of was formerly a missionary in West South American mission fields on July Africa, representing the Presbyterian Price: cloth, $I .00; paper, 60 cents 27. He expects to visit Jamaica, Co- Church in the United States of Amer- lombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, The ica, from which he resigned in 1Q33. Order from Argentine and Puerto Rico, returning home on December 7. Mr. Snead ••• THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF earnestly requests the prayers of THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. U. S. A. Christian people for God's blessing on Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, corre- his mission to these important fields sponding secretary of the Methodist 156 Fifth Avenue New York, N. Y. where the Christian and Missionary Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions, Alliance carries on work. sailed on Saturday, June 12, for Italy FOR SALE-28 new black poplin and Central Europe, where there are pleated choir gowns; academic style, • • • . Rev. Charles J. Woodbridge, Gen- pressing problems. Dr. Diffendorfer $3.75 each; Iblack mortarboard caps, $1.50 has announced an anonymous gift of each. M. R. W. LINDNER, 425 Seventh eral Secretary of the Independent 100,000 Reichmarks-approximately Ave., New York. Board for Presbyterian Foreign Mis- $25,000-for the work in Germany. It sions, has resigned after three and will be used chiefly for improvements (Concluded on page 448.)

MISSIONARY and value. It is devoted to the mis-

REVIEW OF THE WORLD sion study topic of the coming year- The Moslem World and the progress DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor of Christianity among Moslems. These articles are by missionaries who have VOL. LX SEPT., 1937 No.9 devoted their lives to the work and who know the conditions from expe- Publication and Business Olllce– rience. Some of the articles are by Third and Reily 8ts., Harrisburg, Pa. those who have come out of Islam and have confessed their faith in Christ Editorial and Executive Olllce– as their Lord and Master. The work 156 Firth Avenue, New York City. in Moslem lands is one of the most Entered as second-class matter at difficult in any field since the Moham- medans are militant in their propa- Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa., under ganda and as a rule are very bitter Act of March 3, 1879. antagonists against those who pro- claim Christ as the Son of God and 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. only Saviour through His death on Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. the cross. A list of the articles pre- Published monthly, except August. pared for our special number will be All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1937. found on the fourth cover of this is- British agents – Marshall, Morgan sue. It is advisable to order copies of and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, the October REVIEW immediately. London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, 10 shillings a year. PARENTS ••• When the good work MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- In the Foreign Mission Field calls you East … saH LISHING CO., INC. Endorse Calvert School p&O BOARD OF DIRECTORS Home Study Courses ROBERT E. SPEER, President This year marks a full century of P & 0 A. L. WARNSHUIS, Vice-President for Children service to the lands beyond Suez! WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Whenever you are called to the other DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary Calvert School, through its Home Iustruc- side of the world, choose this tradi- tion Department, will give your child a tional route. Cross to England by SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT superior elementary education … by mail, Cunard White Star •.• and there embark in a great liner of the P & 0 WILLIAM 1. CH..umEBL£IN regardless of where you may live. Mod- and British India fleets, led by the D. J. FANT ern, approved courses from this famous new 22,5oo-ton Strathnaver, Strath- school are being used by parents all over aird and Strathmore. Regular service MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD to Egypt, Sudan, Persian Gulf, India, WM. B. LIPPHARD the world with outstanding success. Burma, Ceylon, Straits Settlements, ERIC M. NORTH China, Japan, Australia" East and SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Give your children the advantages of these South Africa, Mauritius. Low rates.

Editorial Chat interesting lessons, carefully chosen books, Convenient through bookings can be arranged and attractive materials. Instruction is by your local travel agent or any office of The unusual situation in China is a under the personal guidance of teachers in very disturbing factor to missionaries, Calvert's prominent and successful private CUNARD WHITE STAR LINE the Chinese Christians and to all interested in the development of that day school in Baltimore. GENERAL AGENTS great land and people. What Christians can do most effectively is to t Write today for booklet of complete in- '25 Broadwayand638 Fifth Ave., New York pray for the afflicted people that all may witness a good confession, and formation. Costs are low. stand true to the highest Christian principles. The editorial "Topic of CALVERT SCHOOL the Times" and the articles in this 180 E. Tusc:any Road number by Mr. James P. Leynse, of Peiping, and Mr. Porteous will be Baltimore -0- Maryland read with deep interest.

*** The October number of THE RE- VIEW will be one of unusual interest The Minister's Social Primer Basic, Factual Articles Which Deal With New World Economics By WILLIAM L. LUDLOW Professor of Political Science and Sociology, Muskingum College SUBJECTS 1. Marxian Communism 4. German National Socialism 2. Soviet Russia 5. Democracy 3. Fascism 6. Trade Unionism in America 7. Labor Legislation.

The first chapter will appear in the October issue of CHURCH MANAGEMENT, to be published September 17th. Others will follow in order.

Send $1.50 for special seven-months' subscription to secure this social primer so necessary to men in public life. Single copy, 25c.

CHURCH MANAGEMENT Auditorium Building Cleveland, Ohio [401 ]

NATIVES IN THE ANGLO-EGYPTIAN

(See article on page 422.) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 9 SEPTEMBER, 1937 Topics of the Times LEADERS OR FOLLOWERS? educated for better leadership; they are learning how to keep the mass of the people from drifting There is a loud call today for leadership–for or floundering.

wise leaders, honest leaders, unselfish leaders, It was said of a certain politician: "He would courageous leaders, experienced leaders.. They make a great leader, if only he could persuade are needed in world affairs, in politics and indus- anyone to follow him." There are two requisites: try, in business and philanthropy, in education a wise, strong leader and people intelligent and and religion. How many nations of the world are unselfish enough to follow good leadership. How in a turmoil for lack of proper leadership! In much both are needed today! The Apostle James Cuba, Mexico and many parts of Latin America says: "Be not many teachers-:-or leaders-know- there is almost continual civil war because one ing that we shall receive heavier judgment."

man after another seeks to lead the nation's des- (James 3: 1 R. V.). In many lands, and in many tiny. Europe offers many examples of strong and spheres of life, confusion and conflict arise beweak political leaders. Spain is torn with fratri- cause too many seek to be leaders rather than cidal strife and is drenched with blood because of show a willingness to be followers. We are in- the conflict between rivals who would be leaders clined to forget that "one who would command and rulers. In Germany, Italy and Russia we must first learn to obey."

have examples of headstrong rulers who are in When the late Sadhu Sundar Singh, that re- the saddle and are leading their nations-but markable Christian ascetic of India, was in whither? America, he was asked by one who heard him In Asia the struggle for leadership continues. speak: "Have you any followers in India-any Gandhi and others are striving by different meth- who follow your ideals of life and methods of ods to determine India's destiny. China is bene- service?"

fited by the influence of a strong and intelligent The Sadhu thought a moment and then replied: leader, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, but Japan, "No, I have no followers. I, myself, am a fol- under the control of the military party, is leading lower." In that answer lies the secret of leader- the country to a war that threatens all Asia and ship to meet the needs of the hour.

may involve the world. Jesus Christ did not call men to be leaders; He Similar struggles exist in America. The ques- called them to be followers. He called them to be tion of the type of leadership determines the po- "fishers of men," rather than rulers of men. He litical program in nation and city, spells failure or called them to serve men rather than to exercise success in the conflict between labor and capital, lordship over men. They were called first to be and will bring failure or success in the Christian disciples (learners), then apostles (missionaries).

Church. Who are the leaders? Why do they seek Is not this the great need in the world and in control and whither are they leading? the Church today? What might we expect if, in- Much emphasis is placed today on the training stead of setting up many "leadership conferences,"

of leaders in all departments of life. Leadership we promoted training classes to teach men, wom- training conferences are being held for political, en and children to be good followers? There is one educational and religious workers-and in many safe and sane leader, the Lord Jesus Christ. If of these conferences, men and women are being men and women would sit at His feet to learn of [403 ]

Him; if we would know how to appreciate His has resulted. The Arabs, who are traders and love and His sacrifice; if we could understand cattle-raising nomads rather than agriculturalists His wisdom and accept His standards-then the or industrial workers, have seen their prestige wrongs in our own personal lives, the mistakes in and control threatened. Their racial pride has the family, in the Church, in the State and the been hurt. They have been warlike since the days world might be set right. As we learn of Him of Esau, while Jews are non-militant. Riots and and are ready to follow Him, He has promised to bloodshed have resulted and all Great Britain's give us power to do His work as He gave power diplomacy and military strength "have been reto the early Disciples when the Holy Spirit came quired to maintain some semblance of peace. upon them. Finally a British Royal Commission was ap- The great need today is not more classes to pointed last year to visit Palestine and report on train leaders but more classes and conferences to the most feasible plan for developing the country. teach us to be true followers of Jesus Christ-as Their report shows careful study and a desire to humble Christians, as parents, as business men and solve the difficult problem-but it satisfies neither women, as workers in Church and State, as mis- Jews nor Arabs. The proposal is for a "major sionaries and as executives. In proportion as we operation," to divide the land into three sectionssucceed in learning in this school of Christ, we giving to the Jews about one-third-including the can say with the Apostle Paul to less privileged western border on the Mediterranean, from about disciples: "Be ye followers (imitators) of me twenty miles north of Gaza to Syria and the Lebaeven as I also am of Christ" (1 Corinthians 11: 1). non Mountains; giving to the Arabs two-thirds- including the land south of Bethlehem, east of THE PARTITION OF PALESTINE the plains of Judea and across the Jordan River. The British are to retain a small "corridor" from Although almost insignificant in size – only Jerusalem to the sea at Jaffa, and a small circle about the size of New England- Palestine around Nazareth, and with a naval base at Haifa. has the most strategic position of any country in This would mean that the Jews will have the the world. It lies at the crossroads of Asia, Africa Shephelah and the lowlands of the Mediterranean and Europe. The natural wealth of the country, seacoast, where Tel-Aviv and other modern Jewas well as its command of the trade routes be- ish settlements are located; also Mt. Carmel and tween East and West, have made the land a de- practically all of Galilee. The Arabs will have sirable prize. It was this land, enlarged to reach Shechem (Nablus) and Samaria, the country "from the Euphrates to the River of Egypt," that around Hebron, J.ericho, and Beersheba and the God promised to Abraham and his descendants. lands of their ancestors-the Moabites, Ammon- It was many years before the Hebrews gained ites and Edomites. The British retain control of possession and then because of their disobedience, Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Nazareth and the railroad they were conquered and lost control of the coun- to the seaport of Jaffa (ancient Joppa). The try many times. From the earliest days of history Jews and Arabs are both offered independent this little country has been a battleground between states, with representatives in the League of Na- Philistines, Canaanites and Hittites; between tions. Syrians and Egyptians; between Assyrians, Babylonians, and Israelites; between Romans, The Arabs object to this division on three Greeks and Arabians; between Crusaders and grounds: (1) They say that they have possessed "Infidels" ; between the Allied armies in the the land by right of conquest and occupation for World War and the Turks. hundreds of years; (2) they are in a majority and now own most of the land so that it would be Today Palestine is again a scene of strife and a necessary to evacuate 225,000 Arabs from Jewish bone of contention between Arabs and Jews, be- territory; (3) the plan gives the Jews the most tween Christians, Hebrews and Moslems. As a fertile and desirable portions and most of the result of the World War, England was given a seacoast, while the Arabs are assigned to the mandate over Palestine and the Balfour Declara- more arid sections of the mountains and the semition promised the Jews an opportunity to develop wilderness beyond the Jordan. their ancient heritage and to make it a "National Home." The persecuted and ostracized Jews of The Jews find the plan inacceptable: (1) be- Europe have taken the opportunity to return in cause the whole land is theirs by right of divine large numbers. They have built cities, developed promise to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, by ancient farms, made good roads, established schools and inheritance and occupation, and by the Balfour universities, and have taken other steps to im- Declaration; (2) because, being driven out of prove the country and to increase prosperity. But Europe, they need Palestine as a National Home after seventeen years, and in spite of British ef- and they have shown the will and ability to develforts to maintain order, strife rather than peace op the country, which the Arabs have not; (3) because the Arabs are assigned the Jordan Valley

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

I .q z MPDI TER RA NeA N .:.' S£A 4 MEO/TERRA NEA"' .:,'.,'· o .seA " ,,~,_ -0— ,, ," . ,,,/ "oH.ebron ,t EGYPT -, ;<rBeerSheM r—–~~——–~ a ! Ie J' l ' I KEY ~EERSHE8A SU8- DISTRICT t EXTENDING roGUU' 01' AQABA _ Proposed boundaries ", Present boundari es CULTIVATION UNSURVEYEO /JO MIlFI _ Rai /ways —- Roads Courtesy ot "The New York Times"

with all the light and power plants, the Dead Sea material resources used to increase the prosperity and the mountains which are richest in chemicals, of the country. Both Jews and Arabs are so unminerals' and other natural resources. Both par- friendly to the British that they may yet unite ties want Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Hebron and oth- against them, as the Pharisees and Herodians er sacred sites. It is as impossible to give both united against Christ. Jews and Arabs all they wish as it is to satisfy both labor and capital, or both communists and God's plan is not yet made clear for His "peim perialists. culiar people" and His chosen land. Any arrange- ment, such as is proposed by the Royal Commis- The plan offered is objected to by many British "sion, can at best be only temporary. God's promise and by people of other lands who take up cudgels to Abraham was: "I will give unto thee, and to for one side or the other. Dr. Chaim Weizmann, thy s~ed after thee, the land wherein thou art a President of the Zionist Movement, finds the pro- stranger, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting posed partition unsatisfactory but thinks that it possession, and I will be their God" (Genesis offers the best solution of any plan suggested up 17: 8). to the present. Dr. Stephen Wise, President of the American Zionists, is utterly opposed to any ECUMENICAL CHRISTIANITY AT OXFORD such surrender of what he terms "Jewish rights." The World Conference on "Life and Work" that Christians as a whole have not entered into the met for two weeks in July at Oxford, England, to controversy, but many Syrian Christians in Pal- consider "The Church, State and Community," estine would prefer to see the Arabs in control brought together some eight hundred delegates because they find it more difficult to get along and associates from many different nations, Ori. with Jewish neighbors. Neither Jews nor Mos- ental churches and Protestant communi:bns. These lems are friendly to Christian mission work; included 100 young men and women from thirty neither one favors Christian or British control; countries, who constituted a special "Youth Secbut both are willing to see Christian ability and

tion" of the Conference; there were also many ments that threaten the efficiency, if not the very delegates from the younger churches of mission life, of the Church. la.nds. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Cosmo Gordon Lang, was president, and Dr. John R. 2. That the Church consider how to meet and Mott, well known American Methodist layman, overcome the evident purpose in many lands to was Chairman of the Business Committee. The elevate the State to a divine status, thus seeking Conference was much more widely representative to give human rulers more authority than that than that which met at Stockholm in 1925; but accorded Almighty God; also how to correct the there were no German delegates at Oxford, pass- tendency to racial discrimination, social injustice ports having been refused by the Nazi Govern- and the increase of immortality in personal and ment to members of the Confessional Synod. community life.

Many important topics were discussed by the 3. That greater emphasis be placed on the facts Conference in various sections, papers having been that God is the only supreme and ultimate auprepared in advance and "Findings" being pre- thority; that religious liberty is essential to husented for discussion at the general meetings be- man liberty, and that Christians are called of God fore approval. to use their resources to help raise the status of the underprivileged, the oppressed and unlight- Among the disturbing trends in the life of to- ened brothers and sisters of the human race. day were noted: the claim of the State-as in Germany, Italy, Russia and Turkey-to dominate The Conference closed with a united communion and control religion; the growth of secularism in service presided over by the Archbishop of Canall lands at the expense of religion, and the signs terbury, assisted by the Episcopal Bishop of Dorof moral anarchy which threatens the sanctity of nakaI, India. marriage and the home. THE CHINA-JAPAN CONFLICT The members of the Conference applauded those who advocated unity among Christians of all na- Since July 7, the world has been increasingly tions, races and sects; there was emphasized the concerned by another demonstration of the deneed for greater dependence on the guidance and termined military encroachment of one nation of power of God for the solution of all problems. the Far East upon the territory and the sover- Real progress was noted in the growth of friendly eignty of another at a time when other nations understanding between Eastern and Western are too busily occupied to intervene. So much is Churches and between members of French and clear to all the world, to which all further judg- German nationals. There was a call for a united ments may safely be left. And few will condemn Christian front to combat and overcome the in- the militarily weaker nation for deciding that pacrease of militant atheism and of pagan material- tient submission had ceased to be a virtue and for ism in all lands. risking all in self-defense. The infinite pity of the situation is that the blow should fall upon Perhaps the most striking proposal was for the China just at the time when her provinces and formation of a "World Council of Churches" to parties and leaders were heartily uniting in the include all non-Roman Christian churches that work of material and moral reconstruction which wish to join. This will be a world-wide organiza- had been so frequently interrupted during the tion planned and operated on lines similar to the quarter century of the republic. Inspired by the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America. courage, wisdom and unselfish patriotism of Gen- It is suggested that it function through an As- eralissimo and Madame Chiang and several likesembly of some two hundred members; its pur- minded associates and by the marvelous deliverpose will be to increase. the ecumenical conscious- ance of their leader from deadly peril in captivity, ness among all Evangelical Christians, and to confident hope of a great future for China had promote cooperation among churches of all na- been rekindled. The appointment of Dr. C. T. tions, races and denominations. This Assembly Wang as Ambassador to the United States and the would meet every year and might give informa- visit of the Minister of Finance, Dr. H. H. Kung, tion service through a World Council Journal; to America and many European countries, have it might also promote world-wide conferences, contributed to a mutually helpful international such as those held this summer at Oxford and friendship, but nothing has prevented the out- Edinburgh. It is hoped that this Council would break of a murderous "undeclared war." represent the "voice of united Christendom"- outside the Roman Catholic Church. The first stages of that war in the driving of provincial forces from the neighborhood of Tient- Among the Findings submitted and approved sin and Peiping, though it involved much slaughby the Conference were the following: ter J)f soldiers and civilians and destruction of valuable property such as the progressive Nankai 1. That the Christian Church meet the present University ~t Ti~Iltsin~ have been trifles as comchallenge of the serious economic situation in all Jands and the anti-religious and secularizing movepared with the terrific conflict which broke out on ning to open as usual. The same is presumably August 14 between rapidly gathering Chinese air true of the College of Chinese Studies (Language and military forces and the Japanese warships School) though the number of new missionaries lying at the Hongkew bund portion of Shanghai venturing into North China this autumn may not International Settlement, where they had no right be large. to be. Their position rendered accidents inevitable, and bombs intended for the warships It was intended to list here the missions at work dropped in the settlement, killing hundreds of in the war zone, but since the scope of the war civilian Chinese and several foreigners including increases daily that would be a hopeless and use- Dr. Frank J. Rawlinson, Editor of the Chinese less task. Recorder, and Dr. Robert Karl Reischauer of Princeton, son of the well-known missionary in In sharp contrast with this dismal picture of Tokyo. Since then by air and land and water, strife and hatred stand out the recent picture of Chinese and Japanese have hurled death and de- Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa of Japan, and Dr. C. Y. struction at each other, and attempts have been Cheng of China, smiling radiantly, with arms made and resisted to carry the war to the national about each other's necks. A later photograph capital, Nanking, and other centers of military shows two girl scout leaders-Chinese and Japaconcentration. nese-in a similar attitude. Let us hold fast to our hope that some day the love of Christ will Many are the predictions as to the outcome, constrain these two peoples, so nearly related, to but such prognostication is futile. If "God is al- love one another and engage heartily in mutual ways on the side of the strongest battalions," upbuilding for the service of the world. China will be once more humbled and crippled. There seems to be little or no prospect of a saving THE COMING GENERATION AND intervention by any or all of the other nations; MISSIONS but the new national spirit of the Chinese people, added to their traditional ability to "conquer by The youth of today sometimes criticize the misabsorption," may bring them safely through this sion boards on the ground that youth is ignored in most fiery trial of their recent history. the planning and direction of the work. They claim that the viewpoint of the younger generation is The outbreak having come in midsummer, ignored in religion, while it is sought in business, when many missionaries were absent on vacation, in politics and in social movements. when many had left on furlough and new missionaries had not arrived, the problem of protection All acknowledge that the future of mission work and evacuation has been comparatively small. is vitally linked with the rising generations. It Only a few who occupy key positions on the field is dependent on new life being constantly supare now being returned to China, though some plied, infinitely more than it is dependent on new who had sailed before the crisis became acute will money. probably be diverted to other opportunities for service until the way is open to the old field. The But are the young men and women of this commissions in the Philippines will gladly absorb a ing generation taking an interest in vital Christia'1 large number. At this writing evacuations of work as they are in politics, sport, economics and missionaries have been very few, but the Boards social reform? In how many churches are the and the field agencies are on the alert and pro- youth a strong factor? How much are young peovided with authority and funds to meet all needs. ple as a class willing to sacrifice for the Cause of Except as mentioned above, no missionary lives Christ? How many are ready to do personal work have been lost, or property seriously damaged. on spiritual lines? Are they trained to accept and practice fundamental Christian ideas and stand- It is well to remind ourselves that the situation ards? How many of the present generation of differs widely from that of the Boxer Outbreak students would sacrifice ambition and prospects in 1900. Then, all foreigners were the object of of business advancement to start and carry forannihilative attack by the "Boxers" and the Chi- ward a Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign nese imperial troops; now neither combatant will Missions or a Young People's Missionary Moveintentionally injure the citizens of any neutral ment? Have they the idealism, the courage, the nation. Apart, therefore, from the "accidents of ability, the faith to undertake such work, in face of discouragement and opposition? warfare," the ambassadors of Christ are not considered to be in serious peril. We believe that multitudes of the youth of to- day will respond to this challenge if it is rightly Latest reports from North China state that all presented. They must first be conscious of their is quiet in and near Peiping and that Yenching own debt to Christ and acknowledge His suprem- University northwest of the city and the North acy over their lives. They must realize the need China American School at Tungchow are plan- of the world and the ability of Christ to supply that need. When they see this as clearly as they of Nations. This is the missionary enterprise of the future. see the need for world peace, for social justice, One contributor takes exception to this view, for economic improvement and for better race re- and rightly if we are to be guided by Christ's ideals and objectives as they are presented in the lations, then they will respond as enthusiastically New Testament. This contributor says: and sacrificially to the call of Christ and man's In the early days of the Church there was no social justice. Palestine was seething with social injustice, naspiritual needs as they now do to the call of Marx tionalism, imperialism, absentee-landlordism, cruel taxa- tion, frequent rebellion-but was there not a spiritual life or Hitler or Mussolini for temporal and national in the midst of it? In my experience those who have been the greatest saints have often been those who suffered advancement. There is great encouragement to- most from social injustice. I do not think that the world as we know it will ever be rid of sin, and so I cannot see day in the spirit shown by Christian youth in a hope of our being rid of social injustice. I have not much hope of the coming of a cooperative Commonwealth many colleges and in summer conferences, in so- of Nations in the terms in which we see it today. We are in a time of tremendous chaos in which we cannot yet see cieties and in churches where they find true virile clearly the direction or tell the nature of the new order which will be born, though my own hopes lie in the d:recand spiritual leadership. tion indicated here. I do not, however, regard this as the "missionary enterprise of the future." Missions are con- The missionary cause must be presented wisely cerned primarily with the religious, not with the economic.

to appeal to the youth of today. What kind of a Let the coming generation be stirred to fight courageously against the present-day crime, inmissionary enterprise will students support? is justice, cruelty and selfishness, but the hope for a new and more fruitful day in Christian advance a question recently sent out to colleges by the Stu- is in a youth movement wholly loyal to Christ and led by the Spirit of God. f1ent Volunteer Movement. The Intercollegian and Far Horizons publishes the following answer which was among those received: .

Everywhere and for the most part increasingly, capitalism, communism, fascism and nationalism threaten the welfare of mankind. Nervous breakdowns, depressions, wars-these are all symptoms of a basic economic and moral sickness. Until social justice can be established, spiritual life is impossible. The great hope of the future lies in the development on a world scale of cooperatives and an increasing socializing of the means of production, pointing Ultimately toward a Cooperative Commonwealth RELIGIOUS BODIES AND GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES IN A OOMPARISON OF THOSE REPORTING OVER 50,000 MEMBERS, 1935 AND 1936 Membership 1 Yr. Gain 10 Yr, Gain Membership 1 Yr. Gain 10 Yr, Gain 1936 1936·1935 1936-1926 1936 1936-1935 1936-1926 Baptists (19 Bodies) ….. 10,332,005 140,308 1,890,939 Polish Catholic Church … 186,000 36,000 124,426 Methodist (19 Bodies) .. , 9,109,359 41,798 1,038,740 Church of the Nazarene .. 133,516 5,867 69,958 Lutherans (17 Bodies) … 4,589,660 43,905 646,202 Mennonites (17 Bodies) .. 116,665 4,101 29,491 Jewish (Heads of Families) 4,081,242 Eastern Separate (2 Bodies) 107,675 78,087 Friends (4 Bodies) ….. . 105,917 dl,527 d4,505 Presbyterians (10 Bodies) 2,687,772 6,507 62,488 Protestant Episcopal …. . 1,918,329 21,193 52,243 Church of God (Indiana) . 82,893 364 44,644 Disciples of Christ ….. . 1,602,052 d6,700 224,457 Unitarians …………. . 98,600 38,026 38,448 East. Orthodox (9 Bodies) 1,092,349 94,262 832,955 Federated Churches ….. . 59,977 Congregational & Christian 1,010,776 d2,177 16,285 Scandinavian Ev. (3 Bodies) 55,237 385 6,452 Evangelical and Reformed 849,205 d71,384 173,401 Universalists ……….. . 51,159 68 d3,798 Roman Catholics (whole Lat.-Day Saints (2 Bodies) 777,695 12,981 171,134 Churches of Christ …… . 433,714 family) …………… 20,831,139 221,837 2,226,136 United Brethren (3 Bodies) 428,838 1,073 32,953 Total, Over 50,000 ….. 62,844,012 689,572 8,718,230 Reformed (3 Bodies) … . 366,583 81,958 110,318 Salvation Army …….. . 255,765 d3,336 180,997 Total, Under 50,000 649,024 147,832 271,636 Ch. of Four-Sq. Gospel .. . 257,635 5,255 257,635 Evangelical (2 Bodies) .. . 258,207 9,390 31,678 Church of Christ, Scientist 202,098 Grand Total ……….. 63,493,036 837,404 8,989,866 Population (July, 1936) .. 128,429,000 908,000 11,429,000 Church of God in Christ .. 200,470 170,207 -From The Christian Hemld. Breth. (Dunkers) (4 Bodies) 192,588 1,047 34,484 d Decrease. Adventists (5 Bodies) … . 195,553 5,435 49,376 Assemblies of God …… . 173,349 2,936 125,399

But Unconquered – in

By the REV. JAMES P. LEYNSE, Peiping, China Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. s. A.

W ITHOUT even so much as a knock at the "One day in the fall when the 'harvest of the door Mrs. Single Flower Liu, in a sky-blue five grains' was plentiful and people went merrily cotton garment, entered my study and told to their work, a student of the Truth Hall Mission me this story: School of Peiping came to our village elders. His words of new and strange things came freely out "Allow me to use some of your time, Shepherd- of his mouth. At the first watch of the night, teacher. Today, with the wind making many. a when all the people had supped, that young man whirling cloud of dust, there will be a few people would stand preaching in front of the village inn, gathering at the Hall of Glad Tidings. The saying that there is only one God of heaven and' heavens have turned yellow; the earth is almost earth; that the sun and moon belong to all the dark and the sun has only a dim light. Ai, this world; and that all men around the four seas are is truly a good room to come to on such a day; all brethren. It was truly a strange doctrine, but these books of foreign learning are a pleasure to that young man had his stomach full of good behold. I have come to you to speak about the learning and his heart was warm with sympathy. things of my heart. He knew how to speak words acceptably.

"Years ag<J, when through the goodness· of your "One evening when the moonlight was dim, I friends across the foreign sea, you invited me to went stealthily out of the family house and stood become a Christian evangelist, my joy rose to among:st the crowd like a man, so as to hear the Heaven and I determined that some day I should tell you the story of my conversion. Pray, do not student-preacher read ,from his Heavenly Book. weary of my account and do not regard it a hard- His preaching filled my heart with a peace unship to use your pen to write it down. I am but a speakable and I, humble young sister, cried out to humble woman of scanty learning and know how the Living God for help and guidance. In the to write only a few hundred characters of our lan- middle of the night my heart became so heavy guage; I am but nothing to compare with such an within me that I got up from the brick family bed one as you. and bowed myself to the ground before the great God and Creator for the first time in my life. "I was born in the village of the Deep Hill Waters. My ancestral home was favored by the "The next day when the sun had set and the gods with plenty of millet, rice, oil and salt. moon arose I went again to hear about the Way of Though the house was large I had but eight feet Life and to seek salvation. I was like one who of the family brick bed on which to sleep, just as had made her bow in the dark. While listening, everybody else. My highly esteemed grandfather my heart was mirrored before God, and I saw the was a chief priest of the Lotus Goddess and my blackness of my sin. I believed what the preacher uncles were leaders of Buddhist pilgrimages. Yea, said and knew that I was cleansed from my inthey even were active fighters in the great anti- iquity. At that time I was born again, a new Chdstian movement of 1900 when all over the woman, and my heart became settled in quietness land many missionaries and thousands of Chris- and peace. tians were killed. My honorable father was also an ardent Buddhist, who cared for the gods and "Afterwards that young man taught me to pray spent many pieces of good silver to help rebuild and to read the new…style writing. He put the our village temple. And my mother, though only Word of God into my hands and my faith grew a country woman of simple mind, knew all about until it became the most precious thing on the the gods and was a vegetarian for many years to earth to me. I witnessed to my relatives about it please Kuan Yin, the Goddess of Happiness. I but their temper rose hotly within them against myself desired from childhood on to serve the gods this new and strange doctrine. In their hardness of heaven, and with my very flesh and bones I of heart they vowed never to throw a single idol loved to do all that is good. Therefore I was set away nor to forsake the temple. aside to become a 'witch woman' of the group of the Lotus Spirit. "Years went by and my grandparents and par- ents all died, leaving me without proper care and protection. My uncles therefore took me in and [409 ]

filled my ears with many good promises if I only fore I could wean them. For this I bore a thouwould renew my faith in the old temple idols. sand bitternesses-but no more need to be said of They would have adopted me as their own daugh- such things. ter if I had but burned a little incense before the household idols; but I could not do such a thing "One morning, when the spring was young and and displease my Saviour. I was doing the housework, I sang a chorus 'Heaven is my Home.' My sister-in-law hearing "Then my relatives married me into the house- this cried out in great wrath: 'I surely will help hold of Hsu of the Village of the Seven Precious you to ascend to your Heaven.' I was ignorant Things, to a young man I had never seen before, of her intentions and did not in the least suspect nor even heard of. This is the custom of our coun- that she had put poison in the few mouthfuls of try of Central Glory. I was already twenty-two spinach I had with my millet. That night my years of age, and upon my arrival in my new body grew hot with fever and in the morning I home, I learned that my lord and master was but was stiff with cold. I could not utter any speech, a boy of fourteen years. From the first I saw that neither did my eyes see any light, and everybody the look on his face was sullen, yea, even when I said, 'She soon will die.' Hastily they bargained bowed myself three times before him, I knew that for a fiat cart drawn by mules to pull me to the he was a rude thing who did not know a whit of home of my uncles that I might die there. manners. And his relatives acted like him. I had brought with me a bride's box of sheepskin painted "At midday, when the sun was high in the skies red with beautiful trailing clouds. In it I had put and I was lying in the cart rolling hither and my garments of red and blue as a bride always thither on account of the many ruts in the road, has, but also my Bible and hymn book. I had I awoke a little and dreamed a beautiful dream. scarcely been in the house a few hours when the I thought I saw a big ladder reaching from heaven mother of my lord snatched the key out of my to earth and on it an angel came down carrying hand and looked hastily through the box. When medicine and food for my body. When the angel she found my Bible and hymn book, her heart be- was about to touch my heart and heal my body, I came course with anger. She cursed me fiercely cried out, 'Oh, most Gracious One, let there be a and, just as when a dog barks at something a hun- limit to my suffering and let me die in peace.' dred dogs start barking in chorus, all my relatives- Then that one answered saying, 'Not so; it is in-law joined her in reviling me. God's will that you shall live ; be of good courage.' I answered, 'If this truly must be so, grant me "Afterwards I learned that my uncles had sent three requests.' Then that one said, 'Is there anywords of warning about my Christian faith, say- thing too hard for the Lord to do?' I replied, 'See ing that by all means they should drive the evil to it that those to whom I belong allow me to folspirit out of my vitals. They stated that in doing low Christ. Arrange for me that I may study the so it would be considered only a small matter with Bible, and let those who are in authority over me them if they beat me to death. This was the rea- give me freedom to unbind my feet.' Touching my son that, though I was before my young husband forehead the angel replied saying, 'Your requests like a sampan that waits on a steamer, I did not are granted and so shall the Lord do to you.' find favor in his eyes, neither received any kind Straightway my stomach was cured of illness and words from his parents. It was my lord's busi- great peace was within my heart. ness to braid mats and to sell straw shoes but most of the time he was weary from idleness, and "When my uncles saw me entering their home, had much leisure in which to find fault with me. they said, 'How is this strange thing? This sick- ness is not unto death and how is it that her par- The affairs of that home were like the hills, with ents-in-Iaw give themselves the weariness of sendthe even places few and far between. On the day ing her here?' And all the neighbors looking at of my arrival they burned my Bible, hymn book, me said, 'Surely, she will not die and the wages of and tracts in the courtyard before a picture of the the cartman are but wasted.' Then I testified with gods of heaven and earth. But no shouting nor a power which was not my own but of the Holy beating with sticks could induce me to rise from Spirit and there was no one that dared to raise my knees when in the morning and evening I his voice against me because the Lord was at my knelt in prayer to my Saviour. side. In all the months I stayed in my uncle's house my life was as a road of heavenly peace. "Some years passed and to all of the people in The women and children gathered daily in my' the home of my parents-in-law I was like a mirror room to study the Word of God and many a man hung with the glass to the wall. I bore my master stood behind the street door curtain to listen. two children but the words he ever spoke to me were seldom heard. I was beaten so often that "Then one day, when the winds of autumn bemy bruises never disappeared. The measure of gan to blow, my husband stood at the gate and millet, left for me in the cauldron, was so small commanded me to follow him. As there was that my children were weak at birth and died be- nought to do but to walk behind him, I said fare-

BEATEN BUT UNCONQUERED IN CHINA

well to my relatives. All the weary way back to follow him any longer. Finally my relatives sucmy husband's home the tears blinded my eyes and ceeded in satisfying him. The law of our land one by one they dropped on the Bible I carried set me free and even gave me my son to rear, wrapped in my handkerchief. When I arrived though he was the only grandson of the family. within the enclosure of his home my husband Soon afterwards came the complete answer to my grabbed me, bound me with ropes and hung my prayer and I was permitted to study the things body from a beam in the house. Then he and his concerning the Bible in a special school for that mother used sticks and a big whip upon me in a purpose. Now, out of the goodness of your heart, long and fearful way. But I never as much as you have allowed me to be an evangelist to go cried out for mercy. I prayed to my Father in among my own Chinese people with the Gospel of heaven and did count the pain but joy. For many Salvation. Here I am, a lowly servant of Christ months that followed my husband and his brothers Jesus, taking my place in the fields of the harvest and their mother often used big sticks upon me, in this great country." but I always prayed as before and quietly praised my God in whispered songs. A DEAF LADY'S APPEAL TO THE GODDESS OF MERCY "One day they locked the gate of the house and again bound my body by a rope to a beam and By ROBERT B. EKVALL, B.A., F.R.G.S.* beat me until my breath came in gasps. Then my Christian and Missionary Alliance, Kansu mother-in-law urged her son to use a knife on me good and deep so as to cut the evil spirit out of Goddess of Mercy, the incense burns with framy body. In great confused hurry he hunted all grance sweet, over the house for the big kitchen knife, but the God of Heaven blinded his eyes so that he could But sweeter yet if I were not so poor; not find it. Then they all shouted and together The best that I could buy for I am poor. they beat my body with sticks. The pain became Ah, Goddess, hear my prayer. so fierce that I let my voice go out in loud screams. For you can hear. The neighbors heard it and one man climbed over Your ears are not dead stones that numb your head the roof into the courtyard and protested against As mine have been these past five years. their beating me to death. He bowed himself to Ah, Goddess, hear. the ground before my husband and my fatherin-law saying, 'If she has caused you loss of face But maybe now my tongue has lied on account of her disobedience I will repay for her And makes no sound. I wish I knew. sin with this bow. But let there be an end to this Perhaps my voice is dead-and after? thing. We, your neighbors, do not want our street The world is but a picture now; and if to be talked about and we most surely do not want Death dropped the veil, among the spirits the police to inquire about our affairs.' Then they Could a deaf old woman find the way? unbound me and locked me in a small room where No hope beyond, and half lost, stumbling now. frequently someone came in to beat me with a stick. But Christ Jesus strengthened me and was Goddess of Mercy, just one day that I with me in that little room so that I did not starve Might hear. For in the house across the street with the scanty food which was left for me. The foreign lady tells strange things. I know That they are strange, for Mei Nai Nai, "Some time later, on a night when the moon Who has not smiled for twenty years was misty and the clouds were heavy with rain, Till yesterday, cried, and then through tears a kind niece came into the house saying, 'Set forth She smiled, like summer's sun through falling rain. quickly, I have unfastened the gate, the road is Their lips are twisted by strange words; my eyes before you. Why tarry here any longer?' Pray- Are old! I cannot see. And even when ing to the Lord to protect me I ran as long as My son has mouthed the words he finds within the dim moonlight lasted. When the sun arose Their books, they seem so strange. I slept hidden in the fields with my Bible for a A story? But what story makes old hearts young? pillow. After suffering much from hunger and I watch his lips until he points above and says one weariness I safely reached the mission and friendly hands led me to the Industrial School for word. Women. A month later my son was born. As a Goddess of Mercy, let me hear but once that word means to earn something for food and clothing I That I may laugh through tears and feel at peace. gratefully took up making with my hands the colorful things which ladies in foreign lands like My incense ash has dusted all the floor; to put into their homes. The Goddess has not heard. The word-the word- "Boldly my husband came to claim me, threat- Five years too late. I cannot hear. ening to go to court about it when I refused to * Copyright From The Alliance WeeklY.

of Sin Bondage of Sin Allurement of

COLORED POSTIDR NUMBER 7- THE SIN PICTURES The Use of Chinese Gospel Posters I I~- Prepared by R. W. PORTEOUS, Nanchang, Kiangsi China Inland Mission Bible Training Institute SOME four or five years ago at a monthly mis- similar work might be done in all the military hos- sionary meeting, the writer happened to be pitals throughout the country. Instructions were sitting opposite Madame Chiang Kai-shek. immediately issued to all the military authorities She beckoned me to come over and asked if it to welcome Gospel workers in all such hospitals.

would be possible to get the various missionaries Weekly visits have been maintained in all kinds working in the city to unite in an effort to bring of weather and thousands of suffering men have the comfort of Christ's salvation to the wounded thus heard of Him who suffered, the just and the soldiers in the four large military hospitals in unjust, to bring them to God. As Madame Chiang N anchang. so aptly put it, "Be sure and tell them of the One Thus the work which, during the intervening who suffered more than they ever did!" Hundreds years, has been successfully carried on with the of these men have been brought to a definite ac- blessing of God, began with weekly visits to each ceptance of the message of life in Christ. Not a hospital. On receiving the fi~st annual report, few have died rejoicing in their new-found Sav- Madame Chiang wrote expressing the desire that iour. One or two hundred more have openly con- [412 ]

THE USE OF CHINESE GOSPEL POSTERS

fessed Christ as their Saviour before their offi- one, whose face beamed with happiness, said, "I cers, and several have taken a definite public stand am praying to God three times every day, in the for Him. Now the military prison is being visited morning, and at midday, and in the evening."

weekly by three groups of missionaries; through Here is another incident. On entering a small the generosity of the Bible Societies each of the ward, we found a very sick man, an officer, to' 600 to 700 prisoners have received cloth-bound whom we spoke a few words of co:r:nfort and help. pocket Testaments. Scores of these men are be- The following week we called in to see him again, ing brought to definite decision at the weekly Gos- and found his wife, who was a Christian, at his pel meetings held in the prison. bedside. The patient being slightly better, we Gospel and Wounded Soldiers* were able to have a longer conversation with him and, before we left, he said, "I will believe. Pray In addition to the United Gospel Service held weekly, which all attended who were able to be about, we also had the privilege of visiting the more serious cases in the wards. As we went our round amongst these poor sufferers, many showed great interest in the Gospel and, at times, as we bent over some sufferer, we would hear him say, "Yes, I am praying to Jesus." There were a num- ber of exceptionally bright cases of conversion and several died confessing Christ as their Sav- iour. One young man looked up into the face of the worker who enquired how he was, and said, "No, I do not want food. All I want is Jesus."

One poor fellow, lying on his bed in a state of extreme exhaustion was too far gone to speak, we were told. After several of the other sick ones in that ward had been spoken to, we sang a hymn, followed by a few words of explanation. Suddenly from one of the beds a man called out in quite a loud voice, "I believe on the Lord Jesus." Look- ing round, we found to our amazement that the words came from the lips of this dying man, whom we had been told was too ill to speak. Later on we had a conversation with him, and felt assured il~~.1that his faith was real.

Another case was that of a man who heard the Gospel before he had joined the army, but it was ~J.~J.' only during his stay in the hospital that he de- cided for Christ. As we were bending over a bed ………-., ~f&~~A·-t to speak to a sick man, a voice behind us said, "I …………. believe." Turning around, we found this man who was looking exceedingly weak and ill. He POSTER NO. I-THE DOUBLE FACE smiled and said, "I have read the books you gave me, and now I am trusting the Lord Jesus for salvation. I know He died on the Cross for my for me, and pray with me." On our next weekly sins." He went on to tell us much more, and we visit, as we entered the ward, the dear man's face were amazed at the understanding of the truth he beamed with joy as he said, "I do believe. I am had acquired in so short a time. trusting the Lord for salvation." After we had prayer with him, he himself prayed and gave We were standing in the ward when we saw a thanksgiving to God for all His mercy in saving man beckoning to us. He was very sick with his soul, and granting him remission of sins. His fever, and unable to speak coherently but after a words came feebly, for he was still suffering time we understood that he had attended one of greatly, but we know how well-pleasing to the our Gospel meetings, and now asked if we would Lord such a prayer must have been. A few days pray with him. A patient in the next bed re- later, as we paid our usual visit to the same hosmarked, "He knows how to pray himself. He has pital, we hurried in to see this friend, but instead always prayed before having his food I" Another • From The Chinese Recorder. of being met with his welcoming smile we saw

•..l -«- -itt A ~ ffJ h…, . ,f~ :~ 1 rt ~ 1 NUMBER 2-THE GRACE POSTE'R NUMBER 9-THE TRAIN POSTE'R that his bed was empty; and bedding and every- an excellent method of presenting the Gospel mes- thing else had been removed from it. On enquir- sage to old and young, especially to the illiterate ing from one of the patients near by, we heard in the unreached country districts. The Evan- that he had passed away two days previously. gelistic Bands, mostly supported by local Kiangsi churches, have found them just the thing they One of our workers who was looking around need to grip and hold the attention of those whom the ward, trying to find one of the patients he had they are seeking to interest in the Gospel message. spoken to previously, who had confessed to hav- ing received salvation, was addressed by one of The following is a description of posters pub- the soldiers who said to him, "You are looking for lished during the past six months: So-and-so, but he has gone. As he was dying, he knelt on his bed in prayer before us all." No. 1. The Smiling or Double Face. Showing the blessedness of the man whose sin is forgiven, A great help in this effective and intensive whose iniquity is covered. The face turned round evangelism has been the visualizing of the truths shows sadness. There is "no peace" to the wicked. of the Gospel by means of large, specially pre- pared, illustrated Gospel posters in various colors. No.2. The "Grace" Character. Showing the Christian workers elsewhere have expressed a de- word for "Grace," on the cross which stands at the sire to have these posters published, and over fork roads of life and death. The poster bears twenty have been put through the press; thou- the text: "We have all sinned and come short of sands of these are now in circulation throughout the glory of God." The question is asked, "Friend, China and most encouraging reports are reaching which road are you traveling." us from field workers of our own and other mis- sions. They tell of their usefulness in attracting No.3. The Joy Spring Poster. Showing a the crowds in the marketplaces and country vil- mountain scene with bamboo trees, some of which , lages, also in the city churches, Gospel halls and are cut down and used as water pipes to bring thE: streets. The revival poster was used to stir up fresh mountain spring water down to supply the the Christians in one district to pray for revival needs of the family. The text is: "Now may the and led to a time of real blessing. God of peace fill you with all joy and peace in be- lieving (the water pipe which keeps the Chris- Our student Preaching Bands, sent out from tian filled) that ye may abound in hope through Bible Training Institute in twenty to thirty groups the power of the Holy Ghost." during the past five years have found these posters

Foward Evangelism Posterst NUMBER 8-INVITATION: "COME"

No.4. Large Clock Poster. A clock hung on a large and will look up." Then the prayer in large characters, red cross with the hands pointing to God's hour; "Now "0 Lord revive Thy work and begin in me." is the accepted time." No. 12. True Happiness Poster. This poster is specially No.5. Tke Christian's Two Wings. A mountain scene, designed to take the place of the empty characters diswith one eagle flying, wings outspread, on which is shown played in the homes of the people at the New Year time. the Chinese characters for prayer and Bible study. The The large character which hangs on the Cross, bears the other eagle, perched on the ground trying to fly with only Gospel message in a nutshell. (John 3: 16.) At each one wing, on which is written "Prayer" in Chinese, show- corner there are in four characters, "He that believeth ing how both wings are necessary to become a (soaring) shall be saved." spiritual Christian. Special Offer. A sample copy of each of our local posters, 12 in No.6. The Fundamental Truths of the Gospel. Show- all, will be sent' post free in China only to any address on receipt ing a large "Fuh" (Happiness) character in front of the of $1.0(} either in stamps or C. 1. M. Note. cross, with descriptive sentences of the incarnation, crucifixion, resurrection, ascension.

No.7. The Sin Pictures. Three pictures on one poster: The deceitfulness of sin-a spider's web with insects caught in it.

A prisoner behind the bar, showing the bondage of sin. A black horse galloping towards a precipice-the dan- ger of sin.

No.8. Large character posters (size, 30×22 inches). Price, 5 cents each.

The character for "Come," printed in three different colors, with suitable texts, "Come unto Me," etc.

The character for "Righteousness" in three different colors, with appropriate explanations.

Orders may be sent with stamps or cheque to the Secretary, Bible Training Institute, C. 1. M., Nauchang, Ki.

Sets of Children's Posters, prepared by Miss Florence Luton, size 30×22 inches. Price, 10 cents each; or $1.00 per set of 10 in four colors.

No.9. The Train PostM', showing a man bound to railway track-descriptive of the danger and binding power of sin. The train judgment is seen approaching.

No. 10. Tke Boiling Kettle Poster. Showing a steaming hot kettle with a glowing fire underneath. The locomotive originally came out of the kettle, but as in every country, so in every church, locomotives-outstanding preachersare none too numerous. There is need, however, for a boiling kettle-a red hot witness for Christ-in every home.

No. 11. A Revival Prwyer Poster. Showing a Christian at prayer with his open Bible before him; the clock above him is pointing to 5 a. m. A scroll by the clock bears the verse, "In the morning will I direct my prayer unto Thee t Just published. New Gospel posters prepared by the Nanchang Bible Institute. C. 1. M.• Nanchang, Kiangsi; 42×30 inches; printed in three to four colors; ten cents each.

THE COLPORTEUR TO THE RESCUE Colporteur Lee Hiap Loong in Malaya reports that one day he met an old Hakka lady. He asked her to buy the Scriptures, but she gave no answer, scolding him instead, so he turned away. About a month later he visited the same place, and seeing four young chicks had fallen into the drain, he picked them out. They happened to belong to the old lady, who came out just at that moment and thanked him. She asked if he was still selling the Scriptures, and bought a Mandarin New Testament. Later she went to his house for interviews, and afterwards joined the Church, throwing her idols into the sea.-Fr01n the British and Foreign Bible Society Report.

in the Papuan

The Report of a Recent Trip Among Raw Heathen in the Abau District By RUSSELL W. ABEL, Kwato, Papua * Missionary of the Kwato Mission of Papua LTESS than two years ago (in November, 1935) ney from here on the way to Abau which we at Mr. Cecil Abel of the Kwato Mission, with a length reached on the third day. team of Papuan Christian evangelists visited After which a two and a half hours' journey the unevangelized villages of the Abau or Dore- round the beacons brought us finally to the man- vaidi district of Southeastern Papua. They found grove belt, in a clearing of which is tucked the the people steeped in murder, sorcery, warfare, little station Duram. Here the advance team that filth and many forms of sin. The response of .left Kwato ten days earlier and including Davida, some to the Gospel message was remarkable, espe- Merari, Alice and others, were awaiting us. They cially as these ignorant and degraded primitive had held camps at Segini-a group of villages of people saw and heard what Christ had done for "bush" people, about 700 in all, living up the Rob- their fellow Papuan members of the Christian inson River-and Ganai, a salt-water village of team. Five chiefs asked to return to Kwato with coastal Mailu-speakers. They had had a hard time Mr. Abel in order that they might see for them- at both places. At Segini the people simply took selves the results of the Gospel in the villages to to their heels at the approach of the campers.

the east. They came, they saw and were con- They camped away in their gardens and sent mes- quered by the evidences of the love and power of sages to say: Christ. (See September, 1936, REVIEW.) Then "We don't want missionaries. Weare ignorant they returned to their own villages to tell what Kunikas (bushmen). If you come you will doubt- they had seen and to try to win their people to the less make us wise. What then? Then the Gov- new Way of Life. ernment will say, 'These are not ignorant bush Here is the report of a subsequent trip made by people, they are mission people.' Then we shall Mr. Russell Abel and a Papuan team last May be made to pay taxes like the salt-water people."

when they visited the new district of Keveri and They had thought it all out. They reckoned it revisited the Dorevaidi villages. It is a story of was just a ruse, and they weren't having any!

modern wonders of the power of God to awaken (It should be explained that bush pepole, not hav- and transform ignorant savages through the work ing any means of making money, are exempt from of the Holy Spirit and the simple testimony of taxes.) Christian believers. What would be the results At Ganai it was the same. In the middle of the if such signs were always following those who be- village stands the dubu (temple) with its deeply lieve and follow Christ in America and other parts concave roof and almost vertically pointing gables.

of this disturbed and sin-stricken world! Mr. Within its dark recesses were incarcerated three Russell Abel reports: youths, initiates undergoing their period of seclu- Our team was a motley one, including Frank sion. These ceremonies are accompanied by Briggs (.a white visitor), Tiraka and a number feasts. It may be that the arrival of a team at of Kwato boys, village folk from different parts such an inopportune moment Was a cause of em- of Milne Bay and eleven young fellows from Bu- barrassment. However, the result was the same.

hutu Valley. Splendid workers the latter proved "We don't want you here," they said. "What to be-alert, disciplined, and experienced in per- good are you? Do you offer to pay our taxes for sonal work. Strangely enough a number of them us? No. Do you make our gardens grow any had never even been to Kwato, though they had better? No."- thoroughly assimilated all that Kwato stands for Nevertheless the guidance was for a week-end in the Christian life and testimony. We picked camp back at Ganai, which was held with very up the Buhutu contingent at Konemaiawa, the different results as will be seen.

nearest port of call for Buhutu, and a day's jour- We spent a day of preparation in Duram, dur- ing which the plan became clear to us-our vari- Ne•wThYeoArkm; erW icaanlteHreaMdqcuDaorutgerasll,ofTtrheiassumriesrs.ion is 156 Fifth Avenue, ous responsibilities allocated, and our swags and [416 ] provisions apportioned and packed in readiness. summit of a round-topped hill. A river bordered- One team was to make for Dorevaidi, and one for by trees wound in and out between the hills and Keveri. A third team, including the girls, was across the valley. From our height our boys to spend the week-end at Ganai, and then await eagerly speculated on suitable sites for football word from us before proceeding inland. We were grounds,! Some, really too modern for words, uncertain about what accommodation there would tried to decide upon the best place for a landing be. In fact we were entirely uncertain as to what ground for future aeroplanes! Papua, 1937. lay ahead, except that there was great opposition We returned~all tiredness gone, it is true-to to the Mission in Keveri, ;:tnd that heathen feasts the preparation of our evening meal. and dances (fertility rites) were in full swing in the district, which we learned at Abau, and which Some of the boys wandered up another track, made it still more unpropitious a time to be going which led to a tiny bush village. There were inland. A MUD BESMEARED WIDOW OF THE So we went! KEVERI DISTRICT Sunrise next morning found us aboard the K wato, rounding the beacons on the way to Abau, only two women at home, the rest of the inhabiand threading up the Babaguina River. We had tants having gone to a dance some distance away. morning tea on board, put the Ganai team ashore They told the women we were missionaries. at Ganai, half way up the river, and ourselves further up where the Keveri trail begins. By "Any white men with you?" 10 a. m. we were strung out in a long line, through "Yes." the Babaguina Plantation, and into the forest. "Who? Cecelo or Raso?" (Cecil and Russell We crossed a range of hills. Frank shot a young Abel.) wild boar, and at length we landed on a wide I was thrilled when I heard this, and from river bed (the Godoquina) on the other side of that moment felt no longer a stranger in a the range, at sundown, glad by then to call it a strange land. It was lovely to be known by day. We bathed in the icy, swift-flowing river, name, and in such unfamiliar surroundings. As cooked and demolished the pig, and parked our- we sat down to our meal we kept hearing furtive selvesl under the stars for the night. The next noises in the bush, a twig cracking, a faint rustle. morning, after a very helpful meeting together, We started calling, "Who is there? Is it a perwe set off again, and walked all day. son? Don't be afraid. We are Kwato mission- Two days tramp, boring further and further aries. If it is a person come out and see us." inland, up the stony bed of a rushing torrent, Presently a man cautiously emerged from the over another steep range (3,000 feet), and not a darkness into the light of our hurricane lantern. trace of humanity did we see. Just empty bush He was followed by two women, wrapped in country-miles of it. At sundown we called a bark-cloth blankets, peering over his shoulders. halt at a little clearing in the forest where a rough "barracks" had been erected. We threw ourselves upon the ground. Some started to light a fire and cook our rice. Two or three boys strolled off into the bush. In two minutes they were back, wild with excitement, and shouting, "Weare there! The open Keveri country is close to hand, miles of bare country." They begged us to come and see. "Oh, we are too tired," some of us said.

"Your tirednes,s will disappear when you see this wonderful sight. Ours did!"

We were carried away by their enthusiasm, and all jumped up and followed them up the hill. Suddenly the forest ended and miles of rolling, grassy country opened up to view. It was an exhilarating sight,and utterly unlike Papua. Our lads, never having seen anything but land heavily clothed in deep forest, found it breathtaking. The sun had set and delicious cool breezes swept up the hillsides, rippling the grass. In the distance was a little village perched on the

.One had an infant hoisted on her head. We Bolubaba. He is having a hard time. The peomade great friends with them, and eventually ple of his village have threatend his life and told pursuaded them to share our meal, which they him that if I, or Cecil, or anyone from Kwato appreciated. A shower ended our chat over a visits their village they will kill us. broad leaf piled with rice, and we scrambled into the rickety barracks, where we sang choruses We mounted a steep hill, on a shoulder of which and ended the day with a time of prayer and was perched the fenced village of Bolubaba. praise. There was Elebe, smiling welcome, and thrilled to recognize the members of the team he had met Early next morning we were strung out once at Kwato. Elebe had been led to believe that we more in a long line, crossing the grassy un- were coming and that he was to build a house in dulating Keveri plain. The road wound between readiness. Fortunately Elebe had acted on this conical hills. What villages we saw were perched guidance with the result that in the circle of dirty, on the summits of these hills. Our dinner guest crowded houses was wedged a nice, brand-new of the previous evening joined us as guide, and one, on high stilts, with a little balcony in frontmade himself quite one of the party (a -couple all ready for our occupation. The people were of days, later he was already embarked on the very friendly, and brought stacks of sugar cane Christian life). Women seeing us coming miles of the sweetest, juiciest variety. away, ran up the hills nearest the road, and called down to us as we passed: For the next three days we lived in this heathen village. The inhabitants, are continually sucking "Who are you? Where are you going? Who sugar cane, and throw the chewed refuse over the are the white men?" fence. This bred flies in millions and we could hear a constant hum in the background, like a dis- To this our guide responded: "Missionaries. tant organ. Everything in our little hut was Bolubaba. Raso and his friend. They say, 'Come crawling with flies. and see us at Bolubaba!' " The most curious feature of Keveri men is the On hearing we were missionaries they shouted, custom of wearing seven or eight smooth, horny "Agutoi!" (greetings) the Suau word which they tails from the backs of their heads. These are learned when Cecil and the first team came in- fixed on to the actual hair, permanently, and bound land and visited them eighteen months ago. Fur- tightly in leaf. The whole bunch of tails is then ther along two tall, well-built men, clad in the kept carefully covered with a wrapper that pulls scantiest scraps of bark-cloth, waylaid us and on backwards over the head. A little rattan halo seemed really glad to see us. One, an influential crowns the headdress, with tufts or sprays of casman and the heir of a village chief, said: sowary feathers· at the sides, and a fringe of stiff fibres frames the forehead. Over the fringe is "Cecil talked with me when he was here. He worn the shell homicidal ornament, which begins taught me how to pray to God and I have prayed at the right temple, crosses over the forehead like ever since." a bandeau, and hangs swinging down the left side to the knee. The cap or tail covering is tarred a (This, man is now converted and is coming to shiny black with a filthy mixture of wild syrupy Kwato for training.) honey and soot. And bodies are also shined up with a lacquering of sticky honey! This is in lieu This seems to have been a tactic of Cecil's, as of oil which, like salt, is a commodity entirely lackwe met several who told us this. Groping up- ing inland. The men are murderers. We looked wards toward God, through their ignorant into faces that appeared to be utterly bad. It prayers, had given the Holy Spirit His chance to would be hard to imagine a worse set of ruffians get into their hearts, and we found these marvel- than the male population of Balubaba, taken at lously ready. To others our words were unin- its face value. telligible, but in those, however heathen, who had prayed, there was a responsive chord. In Women seemed to be outnumbered by men, and some way prayer had meant something to them, we were pained to learn that tiny girls were alas they tried to tell us in limited, pidgin Motu, ready wives, and sadly enough wives of grisly old it had made them "feel sweet inside." They men; poor little drudges, cheated of childhood, wanted to know more. One man told me with and working like miniature old women at garden~ bated breath that he knew a little about God; he ing, carrying firewood, peeling and cooking. had been praying secretly, and it had made him strong. Now he is praying openly. Heathen though life in this village appeared, there was at the same time a bright and constant We were making for Bolubaba, Elebe's village. witness by Elebe and two men whom he has won. This man and a friend from further inland, spent These three let what light they had shine out. three months at Kwato, about six months ago, Every time strangers arrived they talked to or and returned, having been converted. Then silence engulfed them. The friend is entirely alone at a village about three days' walk from

EXPERIENCES IN THE PAPUAN BUSH

prayed with them. Often you would hear the "Why had we come?" murmur of prayer in some part of the village. Most important to all of them was the ques- Someone was being taught to look up. Women, tion, "Did we put a travatu–ban or taboo-on starting off for their gardens in the morning, their ceremonies, dances, headdress? If not, would first find one of these men and ask him to should they continue with the festivities that pray with them before they left. The women night? Would it be safe for them to do so?" seemed singularly ripe soil, poor souls. Chris- "Safe?" I queried, "What do you mean by tianity will be all gain to them. Morning and eve- that?" ning prayers were quite an institution in the vil- Well, they explained, if they went, in the face lage, although the antagonism of Mura, the chief, of our disapproval, would we make a prayer to made this difficult. Apart from the above three in- God and bring down His wrath upon them? quirers, there were a few people secretly intrigued There was great fear of this, and it was on this by the "New Way," but afraid of the others. that they really wanted our opinion. There seemed to be open disgust and impatience with the little handful of pioneers. Elebe is quite A KWATO TEAM WORKER AND A NEW CONused to unpopularity now. This was the situation VElRT FROM THE I NTERIOR OF PAPUA we seemed to find everywhere in Keveri. I replied that we had not come to make a lot of When Cecil Abel made his first brief tour of the taboos, or interfere with their affairs. We had district eighteen months ago the people had lis- brought a new kind of life altogether in which God tened attentively to all that the team had had to is our Master and we obeyed Him. They had not say. Many felt glad at the thought of an end of taken that step yet, and so were free to follow the old ways, and hoped the Mission would tame their own wishes. We said that God wanted them them and that killing would stop. But this respon- to turn to Him, not ignore Him. Probably when siveness was soon dispelled by wild reports cir- they changed they would not want many old cusculated as to the awful things it was alleged would toms any more, but in any case there was no happen if people started following the "New Way." "ban." These yarns eventually reached the Government ears and were attributed to distortions on the part This was the answer we felt led to give them, of converts from Dorevaidi (the adjacent inland but they were not quite satisfied. There were at district), misrepresenting what they had learned. least six men, three in Bolubaba, and three from I found no mystery whatever about the origin of other villages with whom some of the team had these stories, and traced them largely to three already had talks, and who were known by all to men, die-hards of the old Papua. They were all be openly "seekers." prominent in the feast and fertility rites that were taking place. Pr6bably the fear that the new "What about them?" the people asked. "Were ideas would upset the ancient traditions and cus- they coming to the feast?" "Well," I said, "I'm toms in which they were important personages, not stopping them. Ask them." made them kick all the more. Anyone, they said, who joined the "New Way" would die. Their gardens would not bear. If they decorated themselves, God would be angry and make the sun wax hot and scorch them to death. There were many other predictions, quite unrepeatable and descending to the ludicrous and the obscene. These primitive, superstitious people with their continual "touch wood" outlook on life, were frightened, and felt it safer to have nothing to do with the new missionary "medicine."

Many of them had very foggy ideas as to what we were. They seemed to regard the Mission as a kind of "government," unarmed, but in league with the unseen, which is far more terrifying to primitives than police, or a term in gaol. Without experiencing this, no one quite feels himself a complete man.

The first afteroon they all crowded round with straightforward questions, which I thought was a sign of intelligence.

One and all refused to go or let their wives go. wouldn't take all this trouble. And we are all too With regard to the latter there was no uncertainty occupied with our old customs even to come and whatever. Why? They said: listen to what you want to bring us."

"All that is darkness. We want you to show us I was quite taken back. The man's conscience light." was pricking; the Holy Spirit was working.

Elebe had thrown away all his sorcery para- The next morning nothing would induce him to phernalia. Some wanted to do likewise. The cere- go back to the long drawn-out festivities. The mony was full of sorcery, and other things for next evening he had given himself to Christ and which all the new converts lost their taste. was drinking in eagerly all we could teach him of the "New Way," and was himself taking part in .a By now the village was ,crowded and the din meeting. If you could have seen the contrast, the was great. There were children everywhere, and unlikelihood, humanly speaking, of such a thing women busy with cooking the evening meal in happening, you would be able to marvel, as we ingenious ovens of hot stones. Out came drums marveled, at the mighty power of God, who hears and headdresses, and conceited youths, eaten up and answers prayer. with pride in themselves, swanked about in their glory, danced, flaunted their feathers, and dis- The next day was the extra day we were led to charged their surplus energy on their drums. spend at Bolubaba. It coincided with the monthly Day of Prayer at Kwato. Many all over the world I asked a small boy, with a daub of red paint on were praying with us specially on that day. It his nose, whether he would like to come to Duram was a glorious day of witness and God gave us for a while and go to school. He swaggered up many opportunities on every hand to talk to peoand down among the crowd, looking comical with ple individually of Him and His way of life for bright red nose, shouting, "I'm going to Duram! them. We entered the people's houses freely, and I'm going to be a missionary!" although a few seemed impatient, most welcomed us and gave us the feeling that a great harvest Suddenly all decided it was time to clear off to was about to be reaped. That afternoon I was the scene of the night's revels, a little village privileged to be present at a little meeting of higher up the hill where food was displayed from Keveri converts – some could only just be called stands and trees, like a harvest thanksgiving. The that-and it was a joy to hear them sharing for drums accompanied a complete abandon to animal the first time their new experiences, and the thrillspirits all through the night. ing first steps that they were being guided to take.

The following day we spent in an empty village We had some good public meetings, in which I -that is to say empty except for the little handful refuted, or tried to, the wild rumors that had been who were occupied with higher things than the connected with our aims in coming among them. parade of world, flesh and devil that was going on The testimony of the Buhutu members of our team elsewhere. We had good talks with these few, but was a great help. They were able to tell a woncould not help feeling we had cornea long way to derful story of what had happened in their own visit a ring of empty houses. "bush" district, of communal life collapsing through fear of sorcery; of villages scattered We were convinced that we were to fight this through internal hatreds, and of the big change situation with prayer, and not accept defeat. We when individuals began letting God into their prayed for those dancers, asking God to bring hearts and lives; of the new, reconstructed life of them to an end of themselves, to satiation and to Buhutu with its flourishing, progressive villages stir them to some vision of the futility of the old controlled by God. They told the story well and degrading life. We prayed until we felt sure of made it personal as they told of their own inditwo things: first that we, that is the few of us vidual part in an this, their own surrender to who were passing through, should remain at Bolu- Christ. These converted "bush" lads were keen baba another day, and second, that all defeatism to do their part in the camp, and an important and any barriers in us had been surrendered and part it was. God's peace filled us instead. The end of this story has still to be told, as I The day wore on with its deserted, "Sunday-in- was only a member of a sort of "flying squad," Scotland" air, but that evening things began to making a hurried round. We set off from there, happen. We were settling down to our evening leaving the main team to carryon, to be reinmeal when a man returned from the feast caned forced later by Davida's team who were working me out. He wanted to apologize for his behavior, up towards Keveri from the Dorevaidi direction. and seemed most upset. We set our faces towards Dorevaidi, passing a filthy, dirt-strewn village where a feast had been "Why, what have you done?" I questioned. held, and later another village, Mukawala, where "Oh," he said, "this is the first time you have ever been to Keveri, and we all cleared out and left you. You have come all this way to teach us something. It must be something great, or you

festivities were in full swing. (They celebrated in The village and its inhabitants are clean; flower a different village each night.) This village too gardens are in front of the houses and a cleanwas in a filthy state, and the jaded crowd gath- swept air made us want to rub our eyes and make ered there looked worn out. They had been at it sure we were seeing straight. all night and looked fed up. Food lay about everywhere, and on a tall tripod where it had been dis- We were given a warm-hearted welcome. At played were still hanging gruesome-looking black- Keveri we had bought all our food from the nasmoked kangaroo-shrivelled and contorted, and tives, rather than have to carry supplies all the coils of smoked python. There were a lot of young way. At Bolubaba we had had a daily hoi-hoi fellows there, poor lads with evil faces, destined (market) when they had brought taitu (food) to for something far better. I compared them with be exchanged for salt. The food was poor, the some of the youth at Kwato, Sariba, Milne Bay good stuff having been devoted to feasting. Now and Bohutu. They were very cordial. We greeted at Ukoudi when women rolled up with net bags them all and hurried on our way as we had a long full of very excellent sweet potato and taro, as a march ahead. I prayed as I walked that God matter of course I opened the swag, and delved would capture the youth of Keveri, and show us for salt to pay them. how to train our own youth into an army of evangelists for the inland frontier. In response to my "Oh," they said reproachfully, "this isn't hoiprayer God gave me a distinct vision about this. hoi. This is our gift. We want you to feel that Three youths running after us asked me about this is your village too. All our food is yours." their dancing. From then onwards-and we stopped at Dore- "Why," they asked, "don't the 'changed ones' vaidi, Nebulu, Makaca and Kurondi and Domara join us?" -not once did we have to buy food. It was heaped upon us at each place and we did not know Elebe was with us so I asked him, "When you how to get through it. were at Kwato did anyone tell you not to dance?" I cannot describe the change, the difference, in "No," he replied. these villages. Dorevaidi is now like a well-run "Then why didn't you join last night? These mission station. The things one noticed first were boys want to know." cleanliness and discipline, and children playing- Elebe thought for a while, then smiled and a lovely sight that made one feel the Lover of chilpointed upwards. He added, "I have no wish to dren was there. We spent two nights at Dorego back to an that." (He would not leave his wife vaidi in a beautiful big house especially built for in that village for a moment-even in the day- the Mission, and had some great times with the time.) people. The reason why things are going ahead there is that the Christians are constantly on the I told them that God had a far better life for job, linking up with other villages further on. them and they were the ones to lead Keveri out of the old ruts and to take the "New Life" to new The farthest outpost is now Orodei, two days' districts. I said we didn't ban those things. journey beyond Dorevaidi, and we are expecting There was no need to. the first converts from Orodei to arrive at Kwato for training. "Wait till you are changed," I said, "you will have not time for such things then. Your lives Two men from Keveri came straight down to will be too full of real things. Like Elebe you the coast, to return to Kwato with us. One was will find, when you give yourselves to God, that the chief of Bolubaba, Mura, who has been a hot you won't care about an that. There is no ban opponent, and whom I was led to invite. To the for you. The only law we have who follow the amazement of all he consented to come. The 'New Way' is to obey God. That does not apply other man was a complete surprise, and the sequel to you yet." to our prayers for Mukawala. Apparently imme- diately after we had left that village the chief I reminded them that whether their tribes pro- leader of ceremonies also left. He announced that gressed, or remained chained to old things, de- he was sick of the whole business and was going pended on them, and prophesied that one day to Bolubaba to find something better. His friends they would open the way for God over those hills quarreled violently about this, but he said, inland. They looked wistful. "Why is it that people have come from every vil- Please pray that prophecy to its fulfilment. lage on the Keveri side for this feast and none We marched through the forest for two hours from Dorevaidi side? Because they are too busy and we emerged upon the village of Ukoudi. Here with new things while we are wasting our time a surprise awaited us. This is a new Christian with old rubbish." village that has recently been entirely rebuilt. The contrast with Mukawala we found a bit sudden! So he walked out on his own party and is now There are fine big houses, facing a lovely river. learning God's will for Mukawala at Kwato.

TO NEW FIELDS IN THE ANGLO-EGYPTIAN

Work in Ethiopia and the Sudan By TOM LAMBIE, M.D., Sc.D., F.R.G.S.

Missionary of the Sudan Interior Mission DECENT events in Ethiopia have emphasized A few months ago things in Ethiopia looked dis- ~ anew the unwillingness of the Roman Cath- couraging while recent reports are more prom- olic Church to countenance the presence of ising. We must be patient and see. In the mean- Protestant mISSIOnaries in countries dominated time there has been much disruption in Protestant by their influence. We can understand this feel- mission work. According to our latest reports ing although we do not sympathize with it. thirty-five of Sudan Interior missionaries are to be permitted to stay but these are less than half There seems to be some agreement between the Papal hierarchy and Fascist Rome; but there are of the force two years ago. This Mission, which also points of disagreement between them. The has united with the Abyssinian Frontiers Mission, desire to expel Protestant missionaries from cen- has decided to open a new work on the Anglo- tral Ethiopia may be inspired from the Vatican Egyptian Sudan side of the Abyssinian border in but Fascist Italy may also desire to have none but fulfilment of a former expectation. Italian subjects in Ethiopia, because they might interfere with a strict dictatorship. Mus'solini When Dr. Roland V. Bingham and the writer visited the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan last March the· would like to have things his own way without any Governor-General, Sir Steward Symes, in his first adverse comments from non-Italians. While such sentence remarked: "You do not need to convince an exclusive policy remains in force it makes me of the benefits of Christian missions. I have Protestant missionary work difficult if not impos- seen them at work and am convinced of their sible; even French and other non-Italian Catholic value."

missionaries have been expelled. Two weeks in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was [422 ]

THE CONQUERING POWER OF CHRIST

much too brief a time for a real survey, but we the missionaries who are rendered homeless by were able to make a trip to the Blue Nile and the Italian occupation of Abyssinia. We hope to southern Fung area in a Ford V-8. South of open stations at once at Wisko and Kurmuk. The Khartoum we saw the Gezira irrigated area where latter town is on the Abyssinian border. Gedaref, thousands of acres are being cultivated to grow Kassala, Gallabat and other populous areas are some of the finest cotton in the world. This area on the Sudan Abyssinian border and are accessible was desert a few years ago. by train and motor car.

Wad Medami is a thriving city; farther south The whole area, from the Red Sea westward to are Singa and Sennaar; large villages, practi- Nigeria, is practically without Christian witness. cally all Mohammedan, dot the landscape. Still The United Presbyterians have missions at Kharfarther south, we traveled into the tropical forest toum and on the Sobat River; the Church Miswhere thorny trees are interspersed with enor- sionary Society workers are at Omdurman and in mous baobab trees, fantasic leafless giants which the far south; the Sudan United Mission workers are among the most curious trees in the world. are at Melut and .the Nuba Mountains. These are Still farther south, about seventy miles from only bright spots on an immense expanse of un- Roseires and only thirty or forty miles from Abys- evangelized territory. sinian border, are the Inghesana hills with curious rock formations like dolmans; here a range We flew from Khartoum to Kano, from the Nile of hills rises to a heighth of two thousand feet to the Niger, and until almost at the end of the above the flat Sudanese plain. journey, Maidukuri in Nigeria, a distance of nearly two thousand miles, we did not pass over On the sides of these hills and in the valley live any mission station. From Khartoum to Red Sea the Inghesana people from whom the hills take we would not have passed over any, excepting at their names. They are simple farm people who Khartoum itself. grow Kaffir corn in large quantities and have fine cattle. From the dom palm trees they gather What a privilege to have fellowship with our enormous quantities of dom nuts, the kernels of Lord in sacrificial service. This is not an easy which are intensely hard vegetable ivory. field, and we would urge no one to offer them- selves for service here unless they are prepared to These people are without any knowledge of sacrifice and endure hardships. Christ or in the ways of European civilization. If let alone they will soon become Islamized. To We covet your prayers and fellowship as we these people we are planning to go, with some of once more go forward in His Name.

The Conquering Power of Christ L _.o~ By PROFESSOR JULIUS RICHTER, Berlin, GermanYII~o,- O NCE more in our times there is an all-world in a few years or decades. They forget that none discussion of the greatest powers at dis- of these past empires have outlasted even a single posal of the human race. There are four generation; they were similar to Daniel's great different views. image, of imposing brightness yet with clay feet, and a single great stone cut out without hands, One group regards military armaments for smote the image upon his feet' of iron and clay land, sea and air as the greatest force; they lose and broke them to pieces. The iron, the clay, the sight of what has been so irrefutably proved by brass, the silver and the gold were broken to the Great War: that a sudden change of com- pieces and became like the chaff of the summer binations can cause such a transformation of the threshing floors! opposing fronts to emerge that all former calculations are void and futile. Others again think of money as the greatest power. Yet no country was ever able to amass Others think that if some great military genius, such riches of gold and silver and diamonds as like Alexander the Great or Julius Cresar or Na- Spain gathered to itself in the sixteenth century, poleon or Girgis Khan, emerges he will simply or the Inca Kingdom in Peru in the preceding sweep the globe and build up a world empire with-

century. Both of these countries were completely those curious mystery religions invading the Ro- impoverished within one short century and there man Empire from the East and for some centuries has been no recovery even after four or five cen- competing with each other, the balance for a cen- turies. Nothing is more perishable than material tury and a half being doubtful if Mithraism or wealth. Christianity at the very end would get the upper At present there appears to be a general over- hand. Christianity, to general surprise, turned valuation of the power of nationalism; it inspires out victorious, though an all-powerful army was people with a new vigor comparable to a mighty on the side of Mithraism. Yet that Mithraism was stimulant, with a gigantic explosive power, such a spent force to such extent that only the most as we see in Japan, for example. Yet in the his- modern research after fifteen hundred years has tory of the human race, which we know through rediscovered that a long long time ago it was conthe last six or seven thousand years, such national sidered a dangerous rival to Christianity. explosions are almost like the passing bubbles in Why has not Christ been forgotten? Why has a rushing stream; they change color or direction Christianity gone on victoriously? The next seven with the current for a short time, and then the or eight hundred years after Constantine were a wonderful age when all Keltic, Teutonic, Nordic, force is spent. and Slavic tribes exchanged their outworn tribal There is only one Power which through two religions for Christianity. Most of them, of their thousand years has never relaxed and which even own free will, preferred the new Christian relinow is showing no sign of evanescence, that is the gion and considered it the earnest of a new era in Spirit and power of Jesus Christ. Imagine that their national ascendency. you stood under the cross of Jesus in the time of Pontius Pilate and of Caiaphas, the High Priest. So it has gone on through the centuries; and it What would they have said? They would have is a fascinating history to follow, tracing the adpointed in scorn at the young man on the gibbet; vancing Christian faith across land and sea, from a poor artisan from an obscure corner of Galilee, continent to continent. The world missionary at the frontier of heathendom. They would have movement is the vanguard of the advancing power said that He had been parading for two years, like of the Spirit of Christ. some scores of other upstarts, as the promised Messiah, and that the faithful nation of Jews had Here is one point of orientation in our modern discarded him; the political power of Rome had world-wide campaign. We look back on two thoualso justly put him away as a rebel; the highest sand years of victorious advance, no world power ecclesiastical authority had also condemned him we know of has in any respect a comparable as a blasphemer. Of course they would have said record. We study the particular energies which that this Jesus was discredited and destroyed even Christianity has supplied at different times and more than any other previous upstart messiah. among different nations. We ,admire that won- Even the small group of his adherents had de- derful adaptability which could fit into the speserted him. He was ending in shame and despair, cial environment it was facing in different counfor they had heard his last words: "My God, why tries and races; we wonder how it could integrate hast thou forsaken me?" and develop to a higher perfection all spiritual and rational equipments; how it could become in- What would Pontius Pilate have said if you had digenous to such an extent that St. Mary is looked hinted to him that within three of four centuries upon as Polish in Poland and the Sainted Virgin the emperor of the Roman empire would bow his of Guadeloupe has become Aztec in Mexico. With knees before the name of this Jesus and, with the Greeks Christianity developed their philosognashing teeth, would confess: "Thou has con- phy; with the Romans this new faith promoted quered, 0 Galilean!" All types of historians have statecraft; with the Germans "the Holy Roman pondered over the victorious Power which in so Empire became of German nationality" as the short a time was pervading and recasting the earthly incarnation of the Kingdom of God; with mightiest empire the world had yet known. Many the British Christianity inspired their imperial reasons have been advanced but, whatever causes progress with religious responsibility. The relimay have contributed, there can be no doubt that gion of Jesus Christ is still proving its divine the one underlying spiritual Power has been the origin by its wonderful flexibility and power to Christ, himself, the Power of God and the Wis- become all things to all nations, to rejuvenate, dom of God. and purify and enrich all. Missionary-minded' Christians pause for a moment, we look around History did not end at the cross or with the con- and take up our spiritual armor and battle cry quest of the Roman empire. Someone might have anew: In hoc signo vincemus. "Under this ban- imagined that Christianity had been only one of ner we conquer."

Women's Work in a Country

By MRS. JAMES D. WYKER The Federated Church, North Jackson, Ohio "JUST what is woman's work in the country to church rolls and having contests to increase at- church?" I asked a little lady with snow- tendance. He was not a Presbyterian or a Bap- white hair who has been a life-long member tist or a Methodist seeking to sprinkle or immerse, but a Christian out to reveal God, change life and of one. save individuals. He insisted ona decent society "Why paying the preacher and keeping up the in which religious people might be more religious; He desired that the hungry might be fed. He had church building repairs," she answered. Then no fear and did not hesitate to condemn sin whershe hesitated and added, "And, of course, mission- ever he found it, even the corruption of the politiary giving. Women have always done that. Not cal system of his day. People believed Him not many, but a few of us alway.s send in our appor- only because of words He spoke but because they tionment to the Board." saw a radiant personality on fire with a divine message – a man who lived what He preached. "And for what is the missionary money used?" I inquired again. The country church today has the unique oppor- tunity of carrying on this same simple kind of re- "Preaching the Gospel," came back emphatically. "Saving souls."

I went next to an enthusiastic young minister's wife who, with her husband, has dedicated her ligion, unhampered by big church-building debts, life to the work of the rural church. set forms and ceremonies, large maintenance ex- pense. Because of the unique position of the coun- "What is woman's work in the country church?" try church, rural women have unusual oppor- I asked. tunities.

"Helping her church rethink its reason for In the first place, the farm home continues to existing," came the unhesitating reply, "urging it be something of a unit even in a complex, modern to place life ahead of creeds; showing that its world. There are chores to be done and responfield is THE COMMUNITY and that every unreached sibilities that need to be placed on young shoulperson is a responsibility of the church. All of this-with the belief that sharing the message of ders. The family shares many experiences, even Jesus Christ around the world is a task for the its social life, and the minister of the rural church entire church." ministers to the entire family. Woman's work in the country church is first of all to recognize this In her enthusiasm she had generalized, but as and try to preserve family unity, for it is a real I talked with her later I received specific answers in very definite terms. asset to church life.

As I talk with rural church women today, I find The rural woman in many communities today is many eagerly and earnestly agreeing with this faced with the fact that her children attend a fine, young minister's wife. well-equipped Consolidated School during the week The function of the rural church woman has and, on Sunday, must leave their friends and go (if they go) to a small, competitive, denominachanged today because the program of her church tional church. She realizes that though the docis changing. And is it surprising that her church trines of her church are important and she will program is changing to meet new needs? The probably continue to believe them, the emphasis heart of her work continues the same-the shar- of religion today should be, as in the ministry of ing of the teachings and message of a young, rural Jesus, on life. She realizes that if the rural church evangelist, Jesus Christ; but her method of work is to continue its ministry, Christians must learn is changing as she finds the experience of her children to be different from her own a genera- to work together and in cooperation with other tion ago. character building agencies. Small, competitive The religion of Jesus was very simple. Grow- churches, unable to support a resident minister, ing up in a country home, his school the country- will find it difficult to challenge other cooperating side, the beauty of the out-of-doors keeping him groups in the community and to do much about close to the heavenly Father, He grew to under- the large, unreached number of people within its stand and sympathize keenly with people and their boundaries. problems. Religion to Him was not adding names Another responsibility of the c.ountry woman [425 ]

today is to develop an interest in her church for petuation of the Woman's Missionary Society, as wholesome recreation, especially for young peo- such. They do not seem to care that the men are ple. It is unnecessary for rural youth to drive indifferent to the missionary program of the into the city for commercialized "wreck-reaction" church and that the majority of the children and when the country has so much to offer in recrea- young people are unreached. Again it is organ- tion activities. Rural recreational leaders, arti- ization, rather than life. If only our vision could sans in leading folk games and other forms of co- enlarge to see the whole, to know that most men operative play are being developed. Some rural and children and young people are interested once communities have the satisfaction of seeing their they know! Someone has facetiously said that for young pople interested in worthwhile social life, too long in our church work, men have sung: in which the majority participate, while the public Take my wife and let her be dance halls and the beer gardens move out of the Consecrated, Lord, to Thee.

community. Most of us who have tried to interest our men "Camps for Mothers" are very valuable in many and boys, with the same fervor and intelligence rural communities. It seems unbelievable, but we have used in the women's missionary work, rural mothers are finding they can lay aside for a have found them responsive and interested. Just few days the responsibilities of home and family as the church should see that the religion of Christ and go off for recreation in the out-of-doors. permeates all groups and agencies in the commu- Many farm women discover unusual beauty at nity, so the Woman's Missionary Society should their very doorsteps. The busy, crowded days at see that the cause of missions is enthusiastically home and the fact that the sunrise, the moon, the trees, the stars "have always been there" has shared with all groups. I know a mother, a memkept many of these women from being conscious ber of a Woman's Missionary Society, who comes of these "aids to worship." home from the missionary meetings and usually says, as she sighs, "Well, that's over for another One rural parish in New York state has built its month" and then wonders why her husband and own cabin in a woods and each year the farm . daughter are not interested in missions! mothers look forward to the cherished days of Jesus had a high regard for womanhood. In rest and relaxation. A rural cooperative church the centuries following his death on the Cross, in Ohio has a camp of its own where each year, woman has achieved more freedom and education. along with other age groups, the rural women live I wonder sometimes, as He watches the Marys and together for a few days. These women look for- Marthas of our rural homes today, if He does not ward to the discussion periods each morning fol- wish we would follow Him more intelligently and lowing the nature hike when they consider such give more time and thought to His work. I wontopics as "Family Worship," "Personal and Home der if He watches eagerly for a Mary Magdalene Relationships," and "The Missionary Task of the as He sees us drag about our church work, giving Church." In the afternoon they read, sleep and only left-over time, attending the Ladies' Aid and rest, following the creative craft period, and then the preaching services because we think we go swimming. After the evening meal, they walk should, and giving to missions only after we have over the ravine and climb up Vesper Hill where, paid for new clothes and other things. away from all worry and burdensome responsi- A story is told of an old colored woman sitting bility, they "draw near to God." on the steps of a church during a Woman's Rights If rural women are to have new visions for meeting in Akron, Ohio, in 1851. She listened to work in the country church today, they must take the fiery speeches by the men for quite awhile, de- time from their labors for rebuilding and rethink- nouncing the idea that women should vote, deny- ing. Out in these well-planned camps (where ing her intelligence, etc. Finally, unable to stand there are no meals to cook and no dishes to wash) it any longer, the old woman walked to the front they find their physical bodies relaxing and rest- of the church, pointed her finger at the men and ing while, at the same time, their spiritual life is said, "If de fust woman God ever made turned quickened. Tired mothers go away more radiant, dis world upside down all by herself, dese women happy Christians. If only rural women would all togedder can set it right side up again and you look about them and discover the material avail- men better let 'em do it."

able for use! If only they would insist on having I pause to wonder what the future of the coun-, a minister trained for his task, knowing and lov- try church might be if rural women "all togedder"

ing rural folk, they would find material and re- would consecrate themselves to the building of sources at hand. . the New Rural Church, where Christians would There are many Woman's Missionary Societies put life ahead of dead dogma and where the coun- (and they are not all in the country) that seem tryside might again hear and share the message to believe that the ultimate goal in life is the per- of the rural teacher, J.esus of Nazareth.

Arab Consults a Missionary Doctor*

A Monolog Purporting to Giv~ the Reaction of an Arab Gentleman of Baghdad to the Christian. Message By the REV. JAMES CANTINE, D.D., Stone Ridge, New York One of the Founders of the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church in America Persons: pital? Well you can go down and, if you see him, Abd el Kadir, a well-to-do Arab. ask him to come up. . . . Wait! Before you go Zarifa, one of his wives, very ill. open this door by my side and stretch a curtain Amina, his daughter, eight or nine years old, attend- across the doorway. Then tell the servants to bring Zarifa in that room and lay her down by ing mission school. the curtain." Ahmed, his son, fifteen or sixteen, attending Govern- (Servant goes out.) ment School of Engineering. Abdullah, his servant, probably of slave descent. The American missionary doctor.

Place: "I take refuge with God from a house full of women! I hope that doctor will not mind being Abd el Kadir's reception room, long and narrow, with asked to give medicine to a woman." (Turning to chairs and little tables down each side. Doors at curtain.) "Ha, Zarifa, now stop that crying! I each end. Just outside the entrance door Abdul- know it hurts, but it is God's will, is it not? Every- lah is stationed with a charcoal fire for keeping thing that happens is written in His book. Listen, the coffee hot. The door at the head of the room I have sent for the American doctor and, if God where Abd el Kadir is seated opens into another wills, he will give you ·some medicine. Only be room. quiet.

When Abdullah is called he enters and crouches down "Ah, here he comes." (Arises, steps forward before his master. The children kiss the hand of and touches the hand of the doctor.) their father and stand until bidden to be seated. "May God make your morning happy, 0 doc- Abd el Kadir is seated, fingering his beads. He listens, frowns and calbs out, "Abdullah !" tor. In the name of God be seated. If it pleases (The servant enters and Abd el Kadir speaks.) God you are well? Praise be to God I am very "Abdullah, what is this screaming about? well. "You say that Zarifa is very sick! Yes, I know. "Do you drink? smoke? No?" (Calls to Abdul- lah.) That slave woman has been here and has cauter- "Abdullah, coffee! …• ized her, has she not? They are paid according "I have had my servant ask you to come in, 0 to the number of burns they make so I suppose doctor, so that you might, if God wills, give medi- they have done a good job. cine to one of my women. It is scarcely worth "But you say that she gets no better, and that while taking your valuable time, but you were the other women object to her cries and say I passing by and- Yes, that is she whom you hear must do something. God deliver me from such moaning behind the curtain. You can ask her evil! What can I do about it? It is all as God any question you wish. She has been sick severa} wills. I could divorce her. That is easy; just to days and they say she is getting worse.

say three times 'I divorce you' . . . "Oh, no! You cannot see her, but I will let you "Yes, I know, her family is important and I feel her pulse. Zarifa, put your hand under the.

cannot send her away sick as she is. curtain. There doctor!

"What is that you say? . . . Why don't I send "Yes, I expect she is very ill.

for the American doctor? What do you know "You say that if you saw her you might help about him? her? But that is quite impossible. From the time "You hear he is clever and you think he has a I took her no man but myself has seen her face.

kindly face. And he passes by the door every "You say that she may die? That is as God morning about this time on his way to his hos- wills…. You are sorry that there is no woman • Copies of this monologue may be secured from The Woman's doctor here, and you hope that sometime you will Board of Foreign MiSSions, Reformed Church in America, 25 East have a woman doctor to work in your hospital?

22d Street, New York, for ten cents a CODY.

[427 ]

As God wills! . But you can give her medicine "And how is my little daughter today? Sit to keep her quiet, can you not? I will send my servant to the hospital for it. down here on this cushion by your father's side.

"And your fee, 0 doctor? Your lips are cold, Amina, where have you been? "What, no regular fee? You say that I can give what I wish! Very well, I will send it to the hos- "You are just back from school? Tell me about pital by Abdullah. It will not be a very large fee, but if you get enough of them you will one day that school. It is the American school, is it not? be rich, will you not? "What is this you say? You do not keep these Do you like it? fees for yourself, but use them to buy medicines for the very poor! Ah, that is almsgiving. Alms- "You do! Why? .. You like the school begiving is one of the five pillars of our faith as given to us by our prophet Mohammed, upon cause the teacher is so kind? Is that all? whom be prayers and peace! "Pardon me, 0 doctor, but before you go will "You say that she talks so nice about God! you tell me how you live if you take no fees for yourself? We know your government does not What does she say about God? . . . That He pay you as some governments pay their doctors. "What! You say that the Christian people of loves you and that you must be a good girl and try America send you money enough for your expenses, because their religion tells them to help to please Him. And have you learned about the other people? I am surprised! I did not know the Christian religion was like that. holy prophets, Amina? Which one do you like "Just one more question. Will you tell me why you left America and came here? It seems you best? will not get rich in Baghdad; it is not a very healthy climate for foreigners and you are far "The prophet Jesus! And why do you like the away from your friends. "You say that you have come because you love prophet Jesus best? . . . You say because He the prophet Jesus and want to follow His example. . . . And now you want to ask me a question! took little children in his arms and talked so nicely That is only fair. "Do I know about the prophet Jesus? Oh, yes, to them. But has she not taught you about the the Holy Koran tells us that He was without sin and did many miracles like the other prophets. prophet Mohammed, upon whom be prayers and "Yes, there may be more about Him in your book, but you know that the prophet, Mohammed, peace? upon whom be prayerl and peace, is the seal of all the prophets and that is enough for us. "Nq! Well, Amina, I think it is time for you "You wish I would read more about the prophet Jesus? Well, 0 doctor, some time, if God wills it, to go to another school where you can learn all I will look for a book that tells more about him. "Will you be going now? I am obliged to you. about our holy religion of Islam. Go in the safety of God!" "What! You don't want to go! Now don't cry, (As the doctor goes out, Abd el Kadir continues.) my daughter, don't cry. Perhaps I will leave you "That doctor seems a good man and he does awhile longer in the American School. But tell have a kindly face. Perhaps some time I might be interested in knowing more about the prophet me what else you learn besides reading and Jesus. writing. "Abdullah! Did you take Zarifa to her room and shut the door so that her crying will not "Oh! To sew ? You make dresses for little annoy the other women. Here, take five rupees to the hospital and bring back some medicine for her. girls? But that is foolish; your father can buy Wait! Is Amina about the house? Send her in to me." all the clothes you need.

(Enters Amina and kisses her father's hand.) "You say that they are not for yourself, but for the poor little girls in the school who do not have good dresses! Well! Well! You can go now, 0 my daughter, go and play." (He soliloquizes.) "Now what shall I do? There is nothing to which I can object, but I am afraid of that Chris- tian school. But that reminds me!" (He calls.) "Abdullah! Tell Ahmed that his father wants to see him." (Ahmed enters and stands before his father.) "Ahmed, I am much displeased with you. Some- one saw you going into the house of the American preacher. Is that right? So? Sit down. How did you come to know him?

"He gave a lecture in your school about sanita- tion in America, did he? What does he know about sanitation?

"Oh, he was an engineer before he was a preacher, was he? Well, all that is the business of your principal. But why did you go to his house? _ "You say that he asked the boys to come and'

see some pictures he had brought from America?

Pictures? Why, Ahmed. Now I a.m angry! You know I have forbidden you to go and see those dreadful, disgraceful American pictures!

"But these were not cinema pictures? What then?

AN ARAB CONSULTS A MISSIONARY DOCTOR

"Pictures of bridges and public buildings in that knows me see you buy it. I would be dis- America and England and Russia 1 God curse the graced if it were known that I wanted a Christian Russians, they make it very hard for a good Mos- book. Be careful about that.

lem to live in Russia. But did he say anything "What 1 You have such a book. What does this about religion? . .. He did 1 What? mean? You a MOi>lem and my servant, having "That there is freedom for all religions in such a book 1 How did you get it?

America 1 But, Ahmed, you don't want to know "You say that you were going past a shop and about any other religion than Islam. . . . You you heard someone reading out of a little book do? Why? about the prophet Jesus, and it seemed such good "You will not feel educated -like the boys in words that you bought it.

other countries-unless you know about other re- "You have it here? Give it to me at once so ligions? (Abd el Kadirshakes his head in dis- that I can tear it up." (Abdullah takes a little sent.) And did he say anything about his reli- Gospel from unde~ his garment and gives it to his gion? master.) "So he talked about the prophet Jesus and His "Go away I" (Abdullah leave'S the room.) teaching 1 Well, you have heard enough about "Shall I tear it up? But it may have the name that, ·so do not go again. . . . But you want to of God written in it and I cannot harm that Holy go next Sunday with the other boys? What boys? Name. And this may be the book I wanted to "Well, if the judge and those other men let their buy. . . . I shall just see how it begins. (Turns sons go, I suppose I ought not to object. What is to the beginning-it would be the end of the book he going to talk about? to us-and reads.) 'In the beginning was the "Oh, yes 1 I did see a notice of it in the paper. Word.' The Word? Why that is the name the It says he is giving a series of lectures on the Holy Koran gives to the prophet Jesus. Can there prophet Jesus-His Teaching about Personal Hab- be truth in this book? . . .

its, and Family Life, and Government. Now see "Shall I see what is marked? (Turns pages and here, Ahmed, you go next Sunday and then come reads.) 'I am the way and the truth and the and tell me all about it so that I can correct what life.' The Way? Why we pray five times a day is wrong. . . . That is all, 0 my son I" (Ahmed and ask Allah to 'Lead us in the "right way.'" kisses his father'lS hand and retires, being careful Here is someone who says, 'I am the Way.' Who not to turn his back upon his father.) could say that (reads) 'Jesus Said.' I don't under- "Now, what shall I do about these, my children? stand. He is a holy prophet, but how could he Amina-it would break her heart if now I took say that He is the way to God? . . .

her away from the American School. And then "I will read in just one more place. (Turns I am told that she is a much better girl at home pages and reads.) 'Because I live ye shall live than she used to be-more obedient, kinder and also.' Did Jesus say that? Yes? Strange 1 Of does not use bad words. Shall I send her to an- all the prophets Jesus is the only one our Holy other school and have her become a good Moslem, Koran says did not die, but is now alive in heaven. or shall I let her remain where she is and have Can this be the ground for His saying that those her grow up to be a good woman? who believe in Him shall be with Him in paradise?

"And Ahmed 1 It seems that the young men of "What book is this? Why have I never seen it today want to see all things and decide for them- before? Is this the book I half promised the doc- selves; and they cannot be ruled as I was ruled tor I would read some day? Will it tell me about by my father. It will be better if I try to guide the Jesus that my little daughter loves? Are there Ahmed away from these Christian influences. here the teachings of Jesus that my son wants to Perhaps I ought, myself, to know more about the know about? Shall I, dare I, read it from begin- prophet Jesus. That doctor wants me to know ning to end?

more about His teaching. And I would like to "Surely I am a Moslem. (Recites the creed.) know why my little daughter loves Jesus more 'There is no God but God, and Mohammed is the than she loves Mohammed, upon whom be prayers prophet of God.' But Jesus is our prophet also.

and peace. If I find out the falseness of the teach- Who can forbid me knowing all I can about him?

ing of Jesus then I can correct Ahmed's wrong "If the story of Jesus can make a man like the impressions. doctor come out here just to follow His example; "But where can I get a book about the prophet if this story makes my little daughter love Jesus Jesus? I will ask Abdullah. whom she has never seen; and if it makes my son "Abdullah 1 Abdullah, is there a bookshop in want to know about His teaching, then I ought to the city where they sell books about the prophet read it. (Puts the book reverently on the table.) Jesus? . . . There is 1 Well, I want you to go And if here is the 'straight path' we pray that and buy me such a book. But don't let anyone we may follow, dare I walk therein? God Knows."

Unchanging Missionary

A Challenge and Appeal of Fifty Years Ago* By ARTHUR T. PIERSON Editor-in-Chief of the "Review" for Twenty-three Years. This Year Is the Centenary of His Birth THE argument and the appeal in behalf of These providential signals, and these gracious missions are unsurpassed for variety and signs, being once truly recognized and realized, cogency. . . . The very watchword of the make duty a delight; the work of missions be- Christian life is obedience, and our great Captain comes no longer the cold necessity of obedience, has left us His marching orders: "Go ye into all but the most inspiring, enrapturing privilege.

the world and preach the Gospel to every crea- Only some such exalted conception of this last ture." Such a plain command makes all other commission, and of the supreme blessedness of a motives comparatively unnecessary. . . . Where loving fidelity to our stewardship in the Gospel, there has been given a clear, divine word of au- can lift the Church of God to a higher plane of thority, immediate, implicit submission and com- praying and giving. Better than the conscience pliance will be yielded by every loyal, loving dis- that drives, is the love that draws to the work of ciple. Even to hesitate, for the sake of asking a missions. Once brought to the white-heat of pas- reason, savors of the essence of rebellion. sion for souls, we are henceforth "weary with When our great Commander left us this last forbearing and cannot stay" in apathetic idleness precept, however, He annexed to it a most inspir- and silence; the inward fire must have vent. It ing promise: "Lo, I am with you alway, even unto is no longer hard to give, but hard to withhold; the end of the world." That promise has been and, better than the most princely gifts of money, conspicuously and marvellously fulfilled in con- we shall give ourselves "a living sacrifice." . . .

nection with missions; for Christ has been with One startling and comprehensive fact should us, both by His providence and by His grace. The be clearly kept before us-that all the stupendous argument and appeal, found in this providential movements and changes which we have to record, and gracious Presence, have not been properly or refer to, have taken place within less than a considered and appreciated. . . . century! . . . Within the nineteenth century what The providence of God is especially apparent in astounding changes have taken place! That bugle- missions, in the opening of doors, great and effec- call of William Carey has rallied all Christendom.

tual; in the removal or subsidence of barriers; God has opened the two-leaved gates, until the in the preparation of the field and the workmen; last of the hermit nations unbars the doors of ex- in the provision and protection of the la:borers; clusion and seclusion and welcomes to her ports and in the revealing and unfolding to the Church the messenger of Christ. Even the most enthu- of His set times, seasons, and measures for secur- siastic student of missions fails to apprehend and ing new advance and success. Such divine provi- appreciate the grandeur of such colossal move- dence becomes to God's people a glorious and in- ments. Wonderful, indeed, that a hundred open spiring signal both that He is always with them, doors, great and effectual, God should set before and that His pleasure shall prosper in their hands. His Church; but more wonderful the ways in The grace of God appears in missions, espe- which, by keys of His own, He has unlocked the cially in working mighty results and effects, such gates of hermit nations. When, in 1793, William as are plainly attributable only to the Divine Carey, that pious, learned cobbler, went forth as Spirit. These results are wrought not only in in- the first foreign missionary from English shores, dividuals, but sometimes in whole communities; the whole world was comparatively locked against there are some transformations that deserve to missionary enterprise; there was scarce one real be called transfigurations. In the workmen, also, opening into pagan, papal, or Moslem lands to whose consecration to such heroic labors develops preach the Gospel in its purity, or win converts, in them an exalted type of piety, and even in those without molestation and persecution both to the.

who earnestly pray and liberally give for the sup- missionary and the convert. Now the whole aspect port of the work, similar unmistakable fruits of of the world is changed, and there is scarce one this grace appear and abound. . . . closed door, or community where the preacher may not go with the open Bible, or where the convert • From the first chapter of "The Crisis of Missions," published may not, in publicly confessing allegiance to Jesus, In 1886, a great volume that aroused the Church to the claims of Foreign Missions. claim the protection of law.

[430 ]

I==========~~~========~==~il~

I Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~~i==========================~ Shall We Study "The Church ing in towns and villages, un- moving pictures that are so ef- in Rural America"? duly small memberships (aver- fective in the assembly periods age of less than 100, with annual of mission study schools-all of There is a tendency in some per capita expenditure of $13.27 which indicates the trend toward as against $21.50 in cities), in- activating study rather than letquarters to answer in the nega- adequate ministry as to training, ting it pause with "information nonsupport, inability to give full- and inspiration"-which tend to tive in view of the absence of the time service, etc., lack of trained be static. lay leadership, denominational picturesque and dramatic in the competition and overlapping, BAPTIST BOARD OF MISSIONARY EDUtheme, and the apparent diffi- etc. Topping all these is a psy- chological difficulty in getting CATION, 152 MADISON AVE., NEW culty in concreting it sufficiently new standards and a broader outlook, with an unchanged in- YORK: for the younger folk. But no stitution in a changing world. reader of THE REVIEW can fail, Our best endeavors are called for Beginners- in "creating a new moral and after noting the contents of its spiritual top soil for Rural Handwork, visualizations, stories: June issue, to see that nothing America." "The Singing Farmer," 68 cents; of more practical nature or im- "The Friendly Farmers" – projmediate urgency has been offered From r e c e n t' contributions ects and activities included, 50 by the Central Committee for submitted by various denomina- cents; "Farm Life Panel Postour consideration if we are to tional boards of missionary edu- ers" – four brown sepia panels, give the 31,000,000 and more cation, the following materials 12×36 in., with colored cut-outs people (half the entire popula- are cited because they are good to be pasted on, 50 cents. (Order tion) who are tilling God's Gar- in quality and of a sufficiently these from The American Baptist den their opportunity for "the universal character to be used Publication Society, 1701 Chestabundant life." Nor does this with little adaptation by mem- nut St., Philadelphia, Pa.) ; concern dwellers in country and bers of any communion. No one "Farmers in Many Lands"-picsmall towns alone. It is our com- denomination can hope to be ture sheet of 12 pictures, four on mon problem in view of our in- sufficient for even a fraction of American rural life, from which terdependence and the complex the task. And it is only by picture books may be made as situation created by the two mi- friendly borrowings that we can handwork, 25 cents; "Rural Life grations – the exodus of farm- hope to attain all-round effi- Through Teaching Pictures" – 8 bred youths toward the city and ciency. Along with specifically pictures llx15 in., 50 cents. the recent reverse trend caused denominational offerings will be by economic conditions – this found materials from neutral Primarylatter throwing the responsibil- sources, belonging in the units ity for the early training of a merely because they have been Handwork and visualizations the large proportion of our citizen- selected and fitted in by the sev- iJame as for Beginners. Stories: ship upon country homes and eral missionary education boards "The World on a Farm" – illuschurches. The rural world is as best shaping up to their stand- trated narratives, 25 c en t s; confronted by new problems and ards for graded Sunday school aggravated old ones in which we and age-group study. These di- * "Over the Hills and Far Away" all have a common stake. The rect transcripts from the lists economic ones are at the very submitted save space otherwise -series of graded home mission storm center of our national life to be consumed in separate cita- stories, 15 cents. -child labor, the sharecropper tions of publishers, etc. Attensituation, inadequate educational tion is especially directed to the Juniorsfacilities, reforestation and wealth of devices for visualizaplowing of submarginal lands, tions and activations, particu- Handwork, projects and activisoil conservation, collapse of cot- larly to the stereopticon and ties: "Out in the Country," 50 ton tenancy, wage-and-time ad- cents; "Farm Life Panel Postjustments, racial antagonisms [431 ] ers" as listed above; "Picture and a score of others. The reli- Map of the U. S."-art map 30×50 gious ones are even more vexing in. with 18 sketches to be colored and far-reaching – over-church- and pasted on, 50 cents; "Rural Life Teaching Pictures" as pre- viously listed.

Stories: * "Friendship Tales from Far and Near Trails," 15 cents.

Intermediate and Young People- Handwork, etc.: Several of the sets listed above; "Willson's Gummed Paper Letters and Fig- ures"-27 sizes and styles – free from The Tablet and Ticket Co., 115 E. 23d St., N. Y.; "Velox

Transparent Water Color Stamps" and his sharecropper tenant; study abounds in fine story material; the -perforated stamps of 12 colors, of local rural schools; inquiry of four "ranges" rounding up the sub- to be dissolved in water, with librarians as to type of books avail- ject in the closing meeting in a way four brushes and instructions, able and expense thereof; steps to to incite to action. "The Migrant Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, supplement this by making more Map" is another program of a most N. Y., $1.00. Stories: "The Ad- reading matter available; study of practical character, fitting in with ventures of Mr. Friend," 25 cents; cooperative marketing with view to the general home mission theme. its establishment in the community; Outline, 20 cents. * "The Church of the Country- demonstration of social and cultural work in drama, art, music or recrea- The women's group offers as a three side" -10 graded home mission tion and investigation as to facili- months' inset to their booklet on stories, 15 cents. ties for these among your rural citi- "Journeys," a set of outstanding zens; s p e cia 1 investigation of programs on "Journeys Along Rural Visualizations: S t ere 0 p tic 0 n churches in the vicinity as to pas- Roads," in which full directions are slides with coordinated lectures- tors, salaries, equipment, Sunday given for a panel discussion, an "The Little White Church on the schools, type of service most needed; original chart study on "Forward Hill"; "On Lonely Trails with organization of local groups for co- Together for Better Service," and Colporter Missionaries"; "The operation in the Peace Movement. "Journeys Toward the New Day"- Colporter Country," $2.00 each impersonations of the seven groups and carriage both ways. PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF NATIONAL of rural folk listed in the textbook. MISSIONS, CENTRAL DISTRIBUTING While the program booklet inclusive WOMEN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE MIS S ION of the foregoing contains much UNITED LUTHERAN CHURCH, 723 BOARDS, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW other cleverly conceived program MUHLENBERG B LD G., PHILADEL- YORK: matter, it is all of such a nature PHIA, PA.: that its form and manner of pres- Adult course on "Rebuilding Rural entation are universal and usable "Teaching Pictures on Rural Life America," 25 cents; study book of by folk of any communion. Price, Around the World" – 8 large pic- that name, 60 cents and $1. 50 cents. tures of country folk of different lands, 50 cents; plays-"The Call Young People's and Senior's unit "Early Missionary Journeys" is a of the Hills," 5 cents; "At Devil's on "Highland Heritage"-breaking separate booklet containing a full Nose" (mountain m iss ion a r y down of isolation in Appalachian year's devotional studies in complete sketch), 15 cents; stories – "Ra- Life, 25 cents; book, 60 cents and outline. Price, 15 cents. channy of the Southern Mountains," $1. "Rosann," "Spunk," "Jest Gals," 2 A number of worthful sugges- cents each or 6 for 5 cents. Intermediate unit by Grace Mc- tions for programs on "Rural Gavran, 35 cents. America"-inclusive of a special THE UNITED CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY article on junior work, by Annye SOCIETY, MISSIONS BLDG., 222 Stereopticon slides and lecture on Allison – as well as excerpts DOWNEY A VE., INDIANAPOLIS, Rural Life – "The Book and the from summer conferences at- IND.: Plough," 30 slides; rentai, $1.00 tended by the Department Edi- plus two-way. postage. tor, have to be held over for lack A very complete study packet of of space and will appear as soon leaflets covering "Dwellers in the Moving pictures (16mm., 2 reels), as possible in a later issue. Ad- Countryside," 50 cents. "Hearthstones and Al tar s" -life ditional methods material suit- story of typical rural family; "Mid able for pastors, men's groups This includes instructions to pro- Purple Mountain Majesties" -fol- and children's organizations is gram committees, a "Calendar of lows a boy from his mountain com- especially solicited. Send direct Service"; "Things We Can Do" at munity. $2.00 per reel and two- to this department instead of the the successive meetings to translate way carriage for each of the fore- Magazine headquarters, to avoid them into life; a large variety of going. delay and extra postage. subject matter for the talks, papers, etc.; good dramatic sketches on Order from Distributing Depart- For older people, this topic "The Farmer's Wife," "Bringing ment in N. Y., or 8 So. Dearborn lends itself wonderfully to panel College to the Farmer," "Weari- St., Chicago, or 234 McAlister St., discussions, round tables or pro- ness," "They Went to Bethlehem"; San Francisco, Calif., according to gram conferences. For instance, a special Christmas program com- your location. make up the entire program ex- plete; a panel discussion for four cept for appropriate music inter- women on "Influences that Make for THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION SOCIETY spersed, from the June number Peace or War"; a program on OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL of THE REVIEW, the leader im- "Blessed Are the Peacemakers"; CHURCH, 420 PLUM ST., CINCIN- pressing the importance of the and well-constructed studies on NATI, OHIO. LITERATURE DEPART- topic by using points from the these phases of the rural problem: MENT: editorial, "Rural America for Educational- "Sing B e h i n d the Christ," and being promptly sec- Plow"; "Bina Holben-Sharecrop- The Methodist women have clever onded and supported by another per"; "Pietro Lopez – Mexican"; series of programs worked out for participant summarizing "The, "M r s. W a 1ton – Mountaineer"; their girls (Queen Esthers) under Challenge of the Rural Commu- "Max Smith-Miner"; "Sarak Pe- the figure of "Building the Map of nity." On this background let toskey-Migrant"; "Susan Kepple U. S.," and for the women on the successive speakers, by prear- -Farm Woman"; "The Nat ion picturesque theme of "Modern Mis- ranged plan but with appearance Helps the Farmer" – a parable of sionary Journeys," an adequate ap- of spontaneity and in conversa- American rural life in Oklahoma; preciation of which will appear in tional style as if talking among "Social Influences Yesterday and a later issue, as only the rural themselves, give brief talks of Today"-a social science study. theme studies can be noted at this time. Among the workable suggestions listed are: An original study of For three months the girls study child labor statistics and condi- "Highland Heritage," with unique tions; a demonstration of the set- visualizations, a meeting in the form tlement between a plantation owner of the recitation of the geography class, "Head Range" and "Heart • The three sets of graded primary, junior Range" being considered; "Hand and intermediate stories listed above at 15 Range" and "Health Range" being cents each sell collectively at 35 cents. added in the following meeting that

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

not over five minutes each, selec- lines on "Discipleship" being for byterian Board of National Mistions of topics to be made from worship services and the remain- sions, 156 Fifth Ave., New the excellent articles following, ing six for worship and study York. ending with pointed presenta- combined. Their object is "to tion of things the group or their seek to make women conscious "If I Be His Disciple-How church can do. This is very im- of their responsibility as Chris- Shall I Follow Jesus Today" is portant. tian citizens for the solution of the title of a booklet prepared over a year ago by the Spiritual A more dramatic and impres- the social and economic problems Life Committee of the Presbysive program might be arranged of present-day society." terian Mission Boards. It confrom the same number by hav- sists of a ten-cent leader's ing a congress or conference of "In times like these the forces pamphlet and a set of leaflets persons impersonating-with or of religion should be exerting corresponding to the successive without costumes – the r u r a I topics and intended for use in pastor, the farmer's wife, the themselves to create a condition the audience. The subjects are: sharecropper, the case worker, out of which right motives for the colporter, etc. Again, close leadership can be generated. I Will Learn What the Bible Says to with practical planning, and a . . . There is only one motive Me devotional service of consecra- adequate to solve the problems tion to the task. Either one of and heal the ills of our stricken I Will Learn to Meditate these plans will make a most ef- civilization. That motive is the I Will Learn to Pray fective prayer meeting or eve- motive of the good neighbor. It I Will Learn to Serve ning service for the church at is clearly the business of religion I Will Learn to Share large, the meeting eventuating I Will Test My Life by Christ in organized activity. Time the to create mental and moral attiparts or the theme will be tudes to support and sustain and The leaflets sell for ten cents "talked to death." vitalize, as well as to call out per set. that motive. If religion does not Devotional Material call that motive into being, it A companion booklet recently will not come into being." (From issued is called, "If I Be His Dis- "In the beginning God created "Who Is My Neighbor?" by ciple I Will Grow." The topics . . . the earth. . . . And the are: Lord God formed man out of the Walter H. North.) dust of the earth and breathed I Will Grow into His Likeness into his nostrils the breath of The devotional outlines are on I Will Grow in Reflecting His Spirit life; and man became a living "God at Work in His Universe," soul. . . . And the Lord God "Great and Mighty. Things," Every Day planted a garden eastward in I Will Grow in Meeting Life's Crises Eden; and there He put the "Christ's Point of View" and I Will Grow More Sensitive to Human man whom He had formed. And "For Such a Time as This." out of the ground the Lord God The subjects of the programs Need made to grow every tree that is I Will Grow in Using My Life for pleasant to the sight and good for full meetings are: "We Look for food." God created an earth, at the Present Social Order," Him a man and a garden. The earth "The Bible and Social Values," was of basic importance then "The Christian Approach to So- This booklet also costs ten and must ever be. (From leaflet cial Problems," "The Church in cents, and the corresponding of the United Christian Mission- Action in National Missions," leaflets two cents each. These ary Society.) are invaluable helps for devo- "A Christian World Order" and tional leaders, giving Scripture, A service on this keynote may "A Plan for Social Education subject matter, prayers, ques~ well start the study of "Rural and Action in Your Commu- tions for meditation, material America," following later with nity." Only one of these-that for the group's use, hymns, devotionals keyed to Christ's na- poems and prayer suggestions ture parables – "The Sower," on National Missions-has any for the ensuing week. Suitable "The Tares," etc. denominational flair. The others for any young people's or adult will apply equally well among all group, or for prayer meetings. "Worship Services" based on evangelical groups. The Scrip- "Lord, Teach Us to Pray" may A VISTA IN JAPAN be had from the Presbyterians tural foundations are well laid, for five cents each. the citations to live, present-day books are excellent and the Under the title "C h u r c h theme studies worked out in a Women and a Christian World scholarly- though simple-way Community," a series of ten to challenge interest and thought programs has been i.ssued for in any intelligent group. In this use in any organized group of church women, the four first out- year when standard study themes include "The Church in Rural America," "World Peace" and "The Missionary Motive and Imperative," and when panel discussions are in the lead in presenting subject matter, the outlines are most timely. The price is 10 cents, at The Pres- The Council of Women for Home Missions EDITH E. LOWRY, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK Committee – the Quaker organ- ization which has carried on re- lief and reconstruction work both abroad and at home-dur- ing and following the World War in several European coun- tries and more recently in the coal areas of the United States.

This Committee is again trying to save life while others destroy.

The work for children in Spain is strictly non-partisan and is approved by the Federal Coun- cil of Churches and by the Red Cross.

We quote from the special bul- letin on Spain issued at intervals by the A. F. S. C.

"There may be defeats today – victories tomorrow for the armies. For the hungry people there is little hope that anything can happen to repair their ruined homes or restock their devastated farms." "Out of the confusion and debatable issues of the war, arise certain uncon- trovertible facts. Authorities agree, for instance, that as long aQ"o as last February there were more than a million refugees in Loyalist territory. The Loyalist government then reported that 250,000 children were in refugee colonies. More r e c e n t 1y, a Quaker relief worker in Madrid World Wide Photos, Inc. stated that there were 116,000 Thou Shall Not be Afraid "We have not fully caught the children still in that city under mind of Christ until we realize 14 years of age, badly under- "Thou shall not be afraid for that the Kingdom of God on nourished and unable to be evacthe terror by night, nor for the earth is the cooperative task of uated for lack of places to put arrow that Rieth by day." God and men working together." them. The safer municipalities (Psalm 91: 5.) throughout Loyalist Spain are "Faith is the diametrical op- now so congested with refugees "God hath not given us a spir- posite of fear and the supreme that they are forced to refuse it of fear, but of love, and of cure for fear is faith." additional numbers except when power, and of discipline." (2 the food is guaranteed by out- Timothy 1: 7.) RUFUS JONES.

"Fear is the greatest single Spain Opens Door for Friendly- side agencies." "The A. F. S. C. hindrance to the advance of civ- has become a recognized im-· ilization today." Service partial channel for relief of the "We should leap forward to a new type of civilization and be (An opportunity to show the spirit Spanish people regardless of able to avert world disaster, if men were not chained to a dead of goodwill in a country clouded by where they may be—":"in Loyalist past by their fears." war.) or Nationalist territory." "All Doubtless our readers know shipments of goods or contribu- of the American Friends Service tions of money will be used [434 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

strictly for the purposes desig- all over Spain and that is simple National Peace Conference Ma- nated by the donors . . . ." playthings for children such as terials "The refugees arrive in such balls and blocks and things that The National Peace Confer- terrible condition that their rags are not easily destroyed." ence publishes, through its Pubhave to be stripped off of them lic Affairs Committee, a series and burned. Children can be The need for playthings will of pamphlets on subjects conmade to smile by a bright col- be at least partly filled when the nected with world problems ored jumper or a pair of shoes." children of America send their which affect international rela- "Next to the full maintenance of suitcases to the refugee children. tions and peace, and which are the colonies, help with the food Detailed information on this of great value to those who wish supply is the most important project may be secured by writ- brief expositions on topics of imthing that can be done for refu- ing to the Committee on World mediate interest. The latest gee children; a problem every Friendship Among Children, 297 pamphlet is entitled "Colonies, day more acute. Shipments for Fourth Avenue, New York City. Trade and Prosperity," and is a this purpose come in duty free." Those who desire to contribute simple and condensed study of "One's first impression of the clothing or cash for food should the economic approach to the refugee situation is of terrible send it to the American Friends peace question. This pamphlet chaos and misery. The first day Service Committee, 20 South is excellent and very readable, in Murcia I went to the Pablo 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. and will be very valuable in con- Inglesias – a huge b u i I din g (In either case kindly mention nection with the campaign on economics and peace which is to where 4,000 are housed. The THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF be launched next fall by the Nabuilding is in reality an unfin- tional Peace Conference, and THE WORLD.) about which you will hear more ished block of flats about nine in detail in the fall. stories high. The floors have Materials on Peace Education not yet been divided into rooms, A packet of helps. for this and form vast corridors, swarm- Marathons pamphlet is being prepared and ing with men, wom(in and chil- will be ready for use in the fall. The subjects for the Marathon These National Peace Conferdren of all ages. There is no Round Tables for 1937-1938 are ence pamphlets sell for 35c each, furniture of any sort – only now at hand. There are two but can be ordered in quantity at Marathons this year-Plan A: a reduced rate. For further instraw mattresses. It must be Preparatory Marathon on the formation write to the National remembered that many of the subject "The U. S. and the Peace Conference, 8 West 40th World"; and Plan B: Advanced St., New York City. refugees have been in this build- Marathon under the title: "Adeing for two months. Nearly all quate National Defense. What World Day of Prayer in come from Malaga, and look is it?" Send to the National indescribably poor, dirty and Committee on the Cause and a Rural Village Cure of War, 1622 Grand Cenwretched. The municipality tral Terminal Building, New One step toward cooperation which complains of being one York, for copies of this folder in the work of the church has million pesetas in debt for its for distribution at fall meetings. come through the World Day of Let us try to have a large num- Prayer. Mrs. – – of – – sent refugees can afford to give only ber of Marathons among wom- in to the Council office $2.92, the one meal a day to this house, en in church groups during the offering from the observance of with the addition of a little milk coming year. to the children in the morning. The noise was terrific, babies New Headline Book crying, boys rushing madly from floor to floor, women shouting to them. A woman came up cry- ing bitterly, saying that she had The new Foreign Policy Asso- the World Day of Prayer. Her lost her two smallest children in ciation Headline Book: "Billions husband is pastor of a small the confusion of the flight and for Defense," is another study rural parish and this year for didn't know whether they were course on national defense. More the first time she inaugurated alive or dead. There is nothing popular in its plan than the ad- the World Day of Prayer in her for the children to do. Many vanced Marathon on the same country community. She said children begged us to take them subject, it is valuable for those the nearest church was 13 miles away to colonies or somewhere who desire an e Ie men tar y away. She contacted 13 differ- " course. It could be followed by ent churches over a wide area, Esther Farquhar, Quaker re- the Advanced Marathon if a they had four denominations lief worker in Spain, reports: group wished to pursue the sub- represented at their service, and "The conditions at Murcia are ject further. The kit of mate- there were 42 women present frightful. The infant mortality rials which is furnished for this which was "an excellent number has been as high as fifty per book is planned for a series of for this community. We found cent." Her work is largely with four meetings. Price of the the service extremely devotional infants. She has established a book: board cover, 35c; paper and I felt the women really clinic which she calls "a Drop cover, 25c. Discussion kit, 15c. prayed. Twenty – five of the of Milk." "There is one thing Foreign Policy Association, 8 group participated actively in that I have noticed the lack of West 40th St., New York City. one way or another."

World~wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO 1.

~===============================~ JAPAN-CHOSEN In the minds of the average Jap- aminations at the John D. Wells anese, Christianity is still as- Christian Accord associated with Western civili- School, Seoul, Chosen. Some zation. Nevertheless, what has failed; some lost out on the The National Christian Coun- been called "disembodied Chris- physical examination; and some cils of Japan and China have re- tianity" (Christian ideals and couldn't stand up under the scrucently taken definite steps in an standards observed by those who tiny of their former school receffort to bring about a closer re- are not actual church members) ords. From 13 different .provlation between the two organiza- is a strong force in Japan. This tions and between the Christians is evidenced by the facts that inces, the successful boys rated of the two nations. Both Coun- courses in Bible and Christian B or above in every subject, had cils are eager for closer rela- history are offered in some non- goo d personal records, and tions in order to understand Christian universities; that the showed much promise. About each other and build a bond of Bible and the Union Christian Christian brotherhood between Hymnal have a wide circulation half came from Christian famthe two peoples. Recent events among non-Christians; and that in North China, however, are social work, formerly a monop- ilies. bringing about further separa- oly of Christians, is now con- A 20th century note is seen in tion, at least in external rela- ducted by many other agencies. tionships. the fact that very few people -Monday Morning. The nation-wide United Evan- looked at the bulletin board in gelistic Movement is quietly go- Memorial to Dr. Uemura front of the school to read the ing forward in Japan. In addi- list of successful applicants, the reason was that almost every one had heard the names over the radio.

-Monday Morning.

tion to a program of evangelism, The Japan Theological Semi- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC bands of evangelists are being n a r y (Presbyterian-Reformed organized for work among the Church) has recently dedicated Strange Island of New Guinea churches, youth is being trained a new recitation hall in memory for Christ, and lay leadership of Rev. M. Uemura, outstanding Rev. R. R. Hanselmann went and stewardship are advocated. Japanese Christian who died ten to New Guinea in 1926 as a mis- Arrangements have been made years ago. This Seminary is the sionary under the American Luto send out ten evangelistic official school of the Church of theran Church. While at home teams to conduct meetings and Christ in Japan. It was estab- on furlough he has given nearly hold conferences in eight prov- lished in 1930 by a union of the 800 lectures about his experiinces. Other provinces will be theological department of Meiji ences in this island of headworked later. Gakuin and a seminary in Tokyo hunters and tree-dwellers. established by Dr. Uemura. With "Disembodied Christianity" the exception of one small semi- New Guinea is the second nary in Kobe, all theological edu- largest island in the world and According to latest figures, cation of the Church of Christ in is shaped like a monstrous bird. the Church of Christ in Japan is Japan is now out of the hands of If the southeastern point were made up of about 340 churches. the missions, and directly under placed on the tip of the Florida Slightly more than half of these the management of the Japanese peninsula the northwestern point are entirely self-supporting, Church. would reach to Colorado. Vegewhile others receive aid either tation of unsurpassed luxuriance from the mission or from the This Church has been cele- covers nearly the entire island. self-supporting churches. A typ- brating its 50th meeting of Syn- Among the light and dark green ical church is a city organization od with a series of evangelistic foliage are incessant flashes of with a membership of 123, and a meetings. gorgeously colored birds, and Sunday school of 71 with an surpassing all in beauty is the average of five teachers. Up -Presbyterian Banner. Bird of Paradise. A constant until 1930, membership was stream of scientists and museum rapidly increasing, but since Applicants for Wells School collectors arrive in New Guinea then, owing in some degree to in quest of biological s·pecimens. the intensified feeling of nation- There was room for only 106 alism, the rate has slowed down. new boys out of the 844 appli- Lately discovered mineral re- cants who had paid the registra- sources have brought white men tion fee to take the entrance ex- in hordes. Beneficent govern- [436 ] ment penetration and mISSIOn church membership by about cies of the Church, and he used organizations have b r 0 ugh t 4,000, but the results of Chris- his privilege with good sense about prophylactic measures, tian education carried on over a and definite loyalty to Christian making the life of Europeans long period of years can now be teaching. It was voted to make reasonably safe. Six hundred seen in the annual increase in the conference an annual event. plantations are under European the Christian population. control, cultivating cocoanuts, -The Living Church. The British Government consugar~ane,rubber,kapok,coffee tributed over $360,000 toward NORTH AMERICA these mission schools in 1936. Of and cocoa. Gold-mining is one the 18,000 children enrolled in Church Membership Gains of the chief industries. The various types of school, one in aerial transport has developed four is a Christian and of the Religious bodies of the United into the largest freight carrying 6,000 in g ran t-i n-a i d boys' States, as a whole, are growing, air service in the world. schools, one in six is a member according to statistics gathered of the Church. As a result of this by the late Dr. George Linn The natives as a whole are less mission policy, and government Kieffer. ill-natured than popular accounts sympathy and aid, a Church of imply. Their aversion to bath- educated persons is being built In 1936, the total membership ing is one of their most marked in Malaysia. of all religious bodies in the characteristics. To Christianize United States reached 63,493,- such a people usually requires -Christian Century. 036, as compared with 62,655,- from fifteen to eighteen years 632 in the previous year. This from the time contact is estab- Thankful for Leprosy! represents a gain in membership lished with a wild tribe until the for the year of 837,404. tribe is ready for baptism. The Leprosy is the last thing for life of the native Christian mis- which most people would be The Baptists continue to lead sionary, stationed in out-lying thankful, yet at the watch night all other Protestant bodies with districts, is so convincing to the service at Culion Leper Colony a total increase for the year of heathen people that slowly they the following testimony was 140,308. The Reformed Churchlay aside their former mode of given: "I thank God Almighty es, not a large denomination in sinful living. The race has a fu- for having made me a leper be- comparison with the Baptists ture. Various mission agencies cause in this place I have found and Methodists, come second, in New Guinea have a staff total- my Lord and my Redeemer. I with a gain of 81,958. The Luing over 500 white workers. had tried to find joy, peace, and therans, with 43,905, are third, contentment from what the and the Methodists fourth with -The Bond. world had to offer, but all ended a membership gain of 41,798. in bitter disappointment. In Other notable increases were Dyak Christians Jesus I have found my salvation made by the Unitarians, with and real contentment." 38,026; the Protestant Episco- During the past six years, palians, with 21,193; the Evanabout 12,000 Dyaks have been Igorot Young People's gelicals, with 9,390; the Presbybaptized as Christians. Thi~ terians, with 6,507; the Nazarepresents four distinct fields; Conference renes, with 5,867; the Advent- East Bornea, the districts of Ma- ists, with 5,435; the Mennonites, hakam, Boelongan and Sesajap, The first Young People's. Con- with 4,101; the International and West Borneo, the district of ference of the Philippine Epis- Church of the Foursquare Gos- Kapoeas. The Dyaks, though copal Mission went beyond the pel, with 5,225; the Moravians, uncivilized and uneducated, are most optimistic expectations in with 1,624; and the United by no means stupid. They gen- its attendance of 100 young men Brethren, with 1,073. erally learn readily, and have re- and women, most of them Igotentive memories. There is a rots-though delegates included -The Churchman. simplicity of heart which is re- one ex-Moslem girl from Zamsponsive to the Gospel message. boanga. A Bible Crusade About 200 native students are in various stages of preparation for The general topic was Chris- A new movement has been the ministry.-The Pioneer. tian religion in relation to both launched in Chicago called the the old traditional ways of the "Bible Evangelistic Crusade," Methodists in Malaysia mountain province and the sud- which has for its purpose the den incidence of modern prob- evangelization of neg Ie c ted The Methodist Church has lems. To keep the native group towns and villages and country built up a mission in Malaysia from backwardness in express- places in the United States and on an educational foundation. ing views, the foreign attend- Canada. It is reported that Last year nearly 18,000 children ance was restricted to two. there are 10,000 churchless and young people attended their towns in America and 30,000 grade and high schools, where The meetings proved remark- without a resident pastor. There 690 Asiatics and 53 European able for the frankness and inter- are 36,000,000 children and adoand Am e ric a n teachers in- est of the opinions expressed. lescents growing up without any structed them. The number in For the first time the Igorot religious training whatever. these schools exceeds the total Christian was showing himself vocal in helping shape the poli-

Over eighty Bible Institutes amend broadly the state Sunday Our Crime Peril and Christian training schools in the U. S. are turning out law was defeated; in Indiana a Recent reports of the Federal thousands of young people each Bureau of Investigation apparyear equipped for Ch~ist~an bill to open the saloons on Sun- ently confirm our unenviable disservice. This new organIZatIOn tinction of having the worst will assist such workers in being day was killed by a vote of three crime record of any of the sofurnished with trailers, tents called civilized peoples of earth. and other necessary equipment to toesne~'tteamnpdtsinto several other The reports indicate that "a larto reach the more difficult fields. sta bring in com- ceny occurs every 44 seconds in Pastoral workers will be di- the United States, a burglary rected to the most encouraging mercialized sports and amuse- every two minutes, an automoplaces to follow up the work that bile theft every two and one-half has been begun, and will be ments and other business were minutes, a robbery every ten given some assistance in getting minutes, a felonous assault every started. When further support frustrated. One of the greatest twelve minutes, and a criminal is needed by evangelistic groups attack on a woman every 67 and missionary pastors, the or- victories won in law enforce- minutes." ganization will try to interest churches or individuals in fur- ment was the abolition of 17 The Bureau's figures show nishing a regular monthly al- that our national crime bill anlowance. burlesque show theaters in New nually is $15,000,000,000. This is a daily cost of more than $41,- -Evangelical Christian. York City. The Lord's Day Al- 000 000. "Every time the clock tick,s off a second, the count ry's Testaments for Prisoners liance has been driving hard crime bill jumps $475." Most of the crimes are committed by The Pocket Testament League against such performances. persons 22 years of age. How has recently sent 500 Testa- can these figures be reduced to ments for work among the pris- -Monday Morning. the minimum? oners of San Quentin Prison, California. This is the distrib- The Exeter Experiment Goodwill in Tennessee uting center for other state p~­ nal institutions-at TehachapI, "Weare trying to bring the The Tennessee Interracial Forsom and one under construc- Commission, organized 19 years tion near Los Angeles. The di- Good News." Thus the religious ago, was first known as the Law rector of religious work at San work director of Mount Holyoke and Order League. Its program Quentin, Alfred C. Schmitt,. in- College epitomizes an experi- was enlarged when its name was terviews all prisoners and gIves ment at Exeter, Maine, forty changed. Under its first name it Testaments to those desiring miles from Bangor. Four years confined itself to crime preventhem. The demand is so great ago this director, Mis~ Kathe- tion and crusaded against mob that the director has called for rine Grammer and MISS Mar- violence. The enlarged program another 500 copies immediately. garet Teague, secretary for ru- includes health, housing, sanita- He writes: "Some of the in- tion education, recreation, travmates become so attached to ral work of the diocese of Maine, eling accommodations on public their Pocket Testaments that asked themselves what could be carriers, child welfare and imthey request the privilege of done to meet the religious needs provement of rural conditions. taking them along with them of a b a c k woo d s generation. Its methods are (1) the promowhen they go out on paroIe." growing up without any real tion of mutual understanding of (Gifts to supply these Testa- viewpoints and needs; and (2) ments may be sent to the Pocket knowledge of Christ and His the cooperation of the two races Testament League, 156 Fifth Church. Instead of merely la- in securing the ends agreed upon Ave., New York.) menting facts, a vacation school in conferences, usually through was planned. For four w~eks the building of favorable public "Remember the Sabbath" eight students and a tramed sentiment. nurse afford the only regular op- All Christian citizens can re- portunity the children and even In the beginning, some of the joice in the increase of interest difficulties were: radical elein preserving the civil institu- the adults of that vicinity have ments in both races; indifference tion of the Sabbath. Of the 43 during the entire year for seri- to constructive efforts for betterstate legislative bodies in sessi?n ment· and a tendency to proin 1937, proposed adverse legIs- ous religious instruction, as well mote 'selfish ends. But in time lation has been defeated more notable results were achieved. than a score of times: In New as forthe teaching of recreational Much has been done in the cor- York State five such bills went rection of interracial injustices down to defeat; in Iowa a bill to values. Approximately 100 chil- and the betterment of conditions affecting Negroes. Oppressive mdarteen~iafrlowmit5h to 21, are the raw which the vacation school works. They are collected in beach wagons or make their own way to the farmhou~e and barn in which the school IS con- d u c ted. Classes, handicraft work and expert recreation make up the program of the morni~g.

A morning, and a sunset serVIce is conducted each day. More than 300 adults attend the Sun- day evening services. – Miss G ram mer and Miss Teague believe that they have at least paved the way toward de- veloping a technique which can be used in other rural areas.

-The Living Church.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

measures have been opposed. tious than a bottle of pills. The the island, but the large number Inconsiderate and brutal officers missionary supplied such relief of letters he receives from peo- have been called to account. Co- as he could to the suffering peo- ple not touched by churches is operation in community enter- ple with a few pills until in 1904 a witness to the value of this prises has been promoted. Ne- when the Presbyterians sent out s e r vic e. The First Baptist gro members have been privi- a medical missionary and built Church of Santiago has been leged to lay bare any inj ustices the first little hospital. helping a Spanish priest who which they feel their race is suf- The work rapidly outgrew its within the last year left the Ro- fering, assured of a courteous first quarters and today there man Catholic Church. For the and friendly hearing. stands a grade "A" hospital with present he is supporting himself Close contacts are maintained 110 beds; a children's ward; by teaching in the day school with church groups. Baptist, nurses' home; a training school of the First Church. The Bap- Methodist and Presbyterian of fifty-five nurses; and a 1936 tist Church in Palma Soriano, a denominations have indorsed the record of more than 32,000 pa- town of 20,000 inhabitants, has Tennessee interracial movement, tients. The hospital was placed outgrown its building which and many have accepted re- on the approved list of hospitals seats only 160. Its average at- sponsibility for leadership. for graduate study in tropical tendance in Sunday school is -Tennessean Magazine. medicine by the Council of Med- 230.

Pima Indian Evangelist ical Education of the American Brazil's Student Problem Medical Association. In the re- When a Pima Indian becomes motest country barrio and in the It has long been realized that crowded city it is known as "EI one of the serious missionary a Christian he is usually filled Presbiteriano." problems of the Latin world is with a desire to win others. Pima the approach to the student -Presbyterian Banner. class. The Student Union for churches regularly send teams Christian Service was organized of lay workers into areas where Religion in the West Indies twelve years ago, and at present there is no church or resident confines its activity to students minister. A group of 16 of these Charles S. Detweiler, Baptist in evangelical schools of higher lay workers recently returned Home Mission Secretary, reports education. With nearly 500 memfrom a 10-day itinerary in dif- observations on a recent trip to bers it already has a considerferent parts of the reservation, the West Indies. able effect upon the lives of its devoting their entire time to members, and the necessity for personal evangelism. In Port – au – Prince, Haiti, personal witness is impressed there are four Pro t est ant upon all who join. A Pima Indian Christian en- churches, the Episcopalian, the tered an exclusive shop in Pasa- Wesleyan, the African Method- -World Dominion Press. dena, California. Conversing ist Episcopal and the Baptist. with the saleslady, he said, "I The largest of these churches suppose you attend church ?" has the poorest building. There Echoes of Martyrdom When she replied that she did is real religious freedom in Haiti. not, he began then and there to In Puerto Rico, Protestant in- From the region along the tell her of the love of God for fluence in public life is growing. Amazon where the Messrs. Rob- His children, and how He sent For some time the head of the erts, Wright and Dawson, known Jesus down to earth to save us- Teachers College and the second as the "three Freds," disappreaching her a short sermon in rank in the University has peared in martyrdom, comes the right in the store, which was been a Puerto Rican Presbyte- report that 1,200 Kayapo Inacross from one of the largest rian, and now the Chancellor of dians had suddenly emerged churches in Pasadena. People the University is another Pres- from their forests and descended came to listen and the Indian byterian. The new Commission- on the little town of Nova carried on, proud that he could er of Education, recently ap- Olinda. Fear at first prevailed tell the story to one who hadn't pointed by President Roosevelt, that they had come to massacre; yet learned to love Him. Before is a Puerto Rican Presbyterian. but a strange thing had ocleaving he exacted a promise, A very outspoken Baptist, prom- curred. Wars in their home diswhich the woman seemed glad to inent in political life, is presi- tricts had driven them forth, and give, that from then on she dent of the Board of Commis- they were seeking safety and would attend church. -Monday Morning. sioners of the City of San Juan, food. The news was received by and also a member of the Public the field workers as an answer LATIN AMERICA Service Commission of the Is- to prayer, and steps were taken land. The pastor of the Second to meet the opportunity. Two Hospital in Puerto Rico Baptist Church of Santiago, missionaries soon were on their Cuba, broadcasts for one hour way up the Xingu, with a ton of The Presbyterian Hospital in his Sunday morning service, and farina.

San Juan, Puerto Rico, repre- every day from seven to seven- Contact with these Kayapos sents the steady growth of an thirty he is on the air with a was established, and to the de- idea projected nearly forty years devotional service. The station light of the missionaries they ago with nothing more preten- reaches only the eastern half of found that God had been prepar-

ing for this meeting for ten years French Protestant Church tants, yet each is profiting by the past, at which time the language struggle of the other. had been reduced to writing. The French Pro t est ant Dr. Charles S. Macfarland, The new settlement has brought Church, though weak numerithe Indians to a place where the cally and financially, is a true secretary emeritus of the Fed- Gospel can be preached to them. missionary Church. The Paris eral Council of Churches, has Already a few have accepted Missionary Society which has issued an open letter to Hitler, in Christ. which he condemns the official been carrying on its work for 113 German attitude toward religion The last letter received from years, is working in eight differ- on four counts: the band of three contained this ent fields, wherein labor 165 misappeal: "Brethren, pray and sionaries. The whole work is (1) Hitler has "seized control over supported by an annual budget the Church, arrested multitudes of its send others to continue what the of five million francs. French pastors, confined many of them, and Lord has begun." missionaries are also working in permitted not a few to be assaulted the Methodist Mission on the without open rebuke of their at- -Alliance Weekly. tackers."

EUROPE Ivory Coast, and the Norwegian (2) Despite his promise to unite Call to be "Up and Doing" Lutheran Mission in Madagas- car. The present membership of the Church he has "divided it between those who comply, those who are neu- tral, and those who courageously op- Church attendance in England the French Churches is about pose [his] domination." 700,000, divided among 1,038 (3) Despite his promise to regard is reported as declining. The the "confession" of the Church as Methodists say that 60,000 few- parishes under the direction of er pupils attend Sunday school; 1,097 pastors. sacred, Hitler has "endeavored to c h u r c h membership has de- crush out its basic doctrine of the -World Dominion Press. Fatherhood of God and the brother- creased by 3,000. The Baptists Religion at the Paris hood of mankind." report a decline of pupils by Exposition nearly 20,000, of church mem- (4) "Instead of doing justice to the bers by nearly 1,500. Causes are Visitors to the Paris exhibi- Jews you have permitted them to be harassed and despoiled, without :he slightest appearance of mercy."

suggested include week-end hab- tion may discover several fea- When Hitler came into power it of hiking; opening of cinemas tures of special interest. A mis- he asked that he be given four on Sunday; Sunday excursions; sion boat of the McAll Mission years before people should judge dropping of family prayers; in- his policy. The four years have fluence of radio sermons. The will be found between the Alma elapsed and the judgment must and Passy bridges. Here, daily be one of condemnation. Scots Church's General Assembly has serious things to report services will be held. On the -The Living Church. gangway of the pont d'Alma, is a about reduced incomes for work bookstall containing Bibles and abroad. The foreign missions religious publications. The Godless Union accounts revealed a deficit of An exhibition of Protestant over $250,000. Sabbath observ- Art is a special feature at the Vigorous efforts to increase ance was lost in the Great War. American Church (63, Quai d'- membership in the Godless Un- -R. BIRCH HOYLE. Orsay) . This will be on view ion are being made by Litvinoff, London's Mosque from June 18, although the Russian Commissioner for For- Church itself is open from the eign Affairs. All applicants for The Nizam of Hyderabad has beginning of the Exposition. A diplomatic posts abroad, likewise provided a s,ite in West Kensing- leaflet in English and French en- all members of the Diplomatic ton, London, for a Mohammedan titled "Souvenirs of French Prot- Service at present employed mosque. The foundation stone estantism," by Pastor Boss, is abroad, must be members of the was laid on 4th June by the being published by the National Godless Union, or face dismissal.

Prince of Berar, the son and Touring Center. A Welcome The decree is also extended to heir of the Nizam, surrounded Center for Women (47, Quai d'- com mer cia I representatives by a distinguished company of Orsay) is open from 9 a. m. until abroad. The Osservatore Ro- Moslem representatives from 9 p. m. -The Christian. mano says that during last year Egypt, Arabia, Turkey, Persia German Churches Firm membership of the Union greatand other countries. Like the ly increased, and its funds im- mosque at Woking, the London The Nazi's are not making proved by the payment by every mosque will be a miniature of much headway a g a ins t the member abroad of a special conthe Taj Mahal and is to be fin- Christian Church. Roman Cath- tribution. The new decree has ished at the end of the year. It olics have no intention of retreat- resulted in 6,700 new adhesions will hold about 1,000 people, ing or compromise; confessional- to the Union. The Komsomol quite large enough to accommo- Protestants have set up a secret has ordered Russian youth to' date the worshippers. The total council, to which pastors pledge imp r 0 v e their antireligious number of Moslems and those obedience, in defiance of the work, and to win between May 2 interested in Islam in the whole Reich. and August 2, 200,000 boys and of Great Britain is estimated at So far as known, there is girls as recruits. 2,000. nothing resembling a u nit e d Antireligious pro p a g and a -World Dominion Press. front of Catholics and Protes- abroad was stimulated by the

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

despatch of appropriate litera- Emirates in the Sudan are open- Britain has not full liberty to ture valued at 1,500,000 rubles, ing for the missionaries of the expel priests of Italian or any chiefly to Switzerland, Holland, Sudan United Mission. Many other nationality. The British France, Spain, England and followers of Islam are awaken- Government is, however, anx- Belgium. Sixty-five thousand ing to the deficiencies of their ious to show church circles that rubles only were received from system. The first conference of it is fighting with all the re- Kabyle converts was held re- sources of diplomacy behind the recipients. -World Dominion Press. cently, and on almost every sta- British missionaries who may be tion there are signs of the work- in trouble. This has been Brit- Protestantism in Austria ing of the Holy Spirit, and that ish policy whenever mission- Since February more than the seed sown through so many aries' lives or teaching activities 15,000 people in Austria have years will soon bear fruit. have been endangered in China entered the Protestant Church. or elsewhere, and the same pol- In Vienna alone about 10,000 -The Christian. icy is being carried out now. have taken this step. A great Moslem Stronghold Crumbling -New York Times.

many of these were formerly There is today throughout Bible Pictures to "Think Roman Catholic, but the major- Africa a mighty movement away Black" ity were without religious de- from Islam and paganism, sinomination. Many of them are multaneous with the movement An attempt to stress the need very poor and out of work, yet away from Hinduism in India. of "thinking black" in any ap- such is their desire for spiritual The Sudan Interior Mission sees proach of the white man to Afriteaching that they visit regular- new opportunities in the open- can children is the plan of the ly divine services and Bible ing up of the Moslem strongholds World's Sunday School Associaclasses which the Protestant of Northern Nigeria to the Gos- tion to present awards to native Church has organized for them. pel. The Nigerian Government African artists who produce il- Protestant churches are filled to is now willing to hand over the lustrations of the parables conoverflowing, and the few pastors leper camps in these provinces veying the fullest meaning to have so much to do that it will to the missionary society. native African children. The be necessary to employ new as- With the acceptance of the story of "the widow's mite" does sistants to impart religious in- challenge, the call has gone forth not make sense to the African. struction. The State authorities for a hundred new missionaries, How can she be the "poor widare very unfriendly towards this including doctors and nurses. ow" with her flowing dress is -Life of Faith. the incredulous reaction of the movement, and put every ob- stacle in the way of preventing Italy's Ethiopian Policy African native. The results of persons from leaving the Roman this venture will be marked by Catholic Church. Italy's action in forbidding an originality which s h 0 u I d From all parts of Austria ur- British, American and French prove refreshing. missionaries to carryon their' gent requests are pouring in for -W. S. S. A.

Bibles and New Testaments. A work in Ethiopia, gives point to Uplift for the Bantus pastor in Syria writes: "I come Foreign Secretary Ant h 0 n y from a little village in which twenty have entered the Prot- Eden's guarded reminder that Missionary work in the Portuestant Church, and they all request me to send them Bibles the British Government "must guese colony of Bantus is chiefly and Catechisms. This was not a political movement, because they reserve the right to consider" among nine recruits of the Transwanted nothing other than God's the expulsion of Italian mission- vaal. There can be no doubt of Word." -Bible Society Record. aries from Malta, Nigeria and the influence of the "East Coast other parts of the British Em- Boys" on the Christian villages pire. The expulsion of British which have grown up in Portu- missionaries has been the sub- guese East Africa. After work- ject of prolonged negotiation ing in the mines of the Trans- AFRICA which have not proven success- vaal, particularly on the Wit- ful. England's threat is not watersrand, they return home Is Islam Tottering? likely to be translated into ac- with ideas about a home which tion, but at least it calls atten- cannot tolerate the old heathen W. Cecil Collinson, Secretary tion to the injustice of Rome's customs, and either these have of the Egypt General Mission, policy. had to go or they have built a observes that large numbers of Italian priests and teachers group of huts in a new spot Moslems are tiring of the for- are to be found chiefly in Malta, away from their pagan relatives.

malities of Islam. Here are some Nigeria and Palestine. In MaTta These structures are finer than facts which go to prove that most of them already have been the pagan huts, influenced by there are signs of a real change replaced by Maltese; in Nigeria, homes they have seen of the in the situation. In every Mos- Italian missionaries are only a white people in the Transvaal.

lem community of over 50,000 handful com par e d with the In the midst of the new huts has inhabitants there is a nucleus of French, while Palestine is a been built the chapel with a bell, witness for Christ. Long-closed mandated territory in which where the leader calls the people

morning and evening to read the tegic importance of this educa- There has been a marked Scriptures, pray and sing hymns learned in the Transvaal. tional program is seen in the deepening of interest in the Gos- The Bantu thinks and works fact that the seven secondary pel m e s sag e among various in circles rather than straight lines. His house is circular, his schools in Palestine educate classes of people. Among the village is circular and his thinking follows a circuitous route. practically one-half the Arabs causes of this should be noted: Christianity widens his mental horizon and helps him to think receiving such training, and a first, a general consciousness and construct in terms of rows of superior huts with fruit and not inconsiderable number of the that we are in a most critical flowering trees between them, which provide ventilation, clean- Jews. period of the world's history; liness and improved sanitation. Many observers say despond- second, the results of seed pre- -World Dominion PreISs. ently that there is no solution of viously sown; and third, the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute the problem of Arab, Jew and prayers of friends. There is The year 1940 will mark not only the jubilee of the founda- Briton; others offer political or greater opportunity for reaching tion of the two Rhodesias in 1890 by Cecil Rhodes, but also diplomatic ways out, but the Moslems as more and more chilthe centenary of the departure for Africa in 1840 of David Liv- only workable plan is to make all dren take advantage of the ingstone. It is proposed that this double anniversary should be three Christian. schools. Approximately 100 boys commemorated in Nor t he r n -Spirit of Missions. and girls attend Sunday school. Rhodesia by the establishment of a Rhodes-Livingstone Insti- News from Syria These are divided into three tute of Central African Studies classes or groups with competent which will serve as a combined The Danish Mission to the teachers, each child being permemorial to these two men. Orient has opened a new Evan- mitted to enter the group of his The proposed institute is in- gelical Church at Hafar, Syria. own language. The pupils in one tended to further scientific study In five boys schools 69 % are class are all Moslem. of the impact of European civili- Moslems and in the girls' schools zation upon native African So- -Near East Christian Council. ciety. It will be located at Liv- 78 %. Students are more seriousingstone, the old capital of minded than those of ten years Northern Rhodesia, seven miles ago, and there has been in- INDIA-SIAM-MALAYIA from Victoria Falls. creased interest in the various Reaching the Multitudes WESTERN ASIA voluntary religious services. Financial difficulties h a v e The Methodist Church in Hy- Christian Schools in Palestine caused the Danish Mission to the derabad is responsible for a Armenians to close their clinic Christian community of 100,000 Christian schools are the only in Beirut, and a reduction of the persons. Those who have been places where Jew and Moslem, numbers in Birds' Nest, Jubeil; reached are eager to learn more, as well as Christians, meet to- but industrial work has sup- and there are some remarkable gether, study together, play on ported many needy women, and testimonies to changed lives and the same terms, and, in the children have been paid for in cleaner homes. Those who for spirit of Christian charity, learn schools. Bible-women are used generations have been in bondthat give and take which are so for evangelistic work in homes age to idol worship and the powimportant. Last year when the and meetings and conferences ers of darkness find it no easier feeling between Jews and Arabs have been held. The Swiss So- to walk in a path of true separarose to boiling point, and all ciety of Ghazir has given help to tion than do the followers of Arab schools, even those under Armenian village colonies by C h r i s t in more enlightened the government, went on strike, placing nurses among them, in lands, where Christianity has Christian schools still went on. addition to their work among been making its influence felt There was difficulty at times in the blind. In spite of the difficult for centuries. To the end that keeping Arab and Jew together, financial situation the Armenian converts may be strengthened, but it was done. Result: the churches have taken increased "refresher courses" are given. schools have been crowded as responsibility for carrying on These are attended by pastors, never before. Jews and Arabs their work, and have even evangelists, village teachers and say what they find there is started new work in three or young men and women from vil- "character training." The stra- lage congregations. On one oc- four centers. -Near East Christian Council. casion several village teachers gathered for a time of prayer In Iraq and meditation in connection "Iraq reports a steadily in- with their work, after which it creasing stream of tourists, and was estimated that in one week the missionaries are glad that 85,000 persons heard the Gospel.

many of them are sufficiently in– Rev. C. W. Posnett is leading· terested in missions to take time this work. Not long ago a vil- to see mission work. The most lage chief, who had continually noteworthy visitation recently persecuted the native Christian was in the form of a conference teacher, went to Mr. Posnett and in Baghdad of five officials of the said: "I used to persecute your British and Foreign, and the teacher; I pulled down the thatch American Bible Societies. from his shed, and tried to drive

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

him out, but I have come to tell five stations (Madras, Conjeev- plexes will be shed when one can you that I want his religion; eram, Chingleput, Arkonam and read his own Bible, subscribe to your teacher has saved and Sriperumbudur) together with his own paper, and form his changed my village, and he is 450 coworkers, eight Indian min- own opinions at first hand. now my friend." isters with 8,000 church mem- bers, give stalwart witness to the -United Church Review. -The Christian. growth and strength of this work. Dr. Laubach's Method "Temple Entry" Proclamation An outstanding feature of Dr. Frank C. Laubach says Caste Hindus in Travancore those early days was the baptism that teaching the people of Inhave issued a proclamation com- of two students, P. Rajahgopal dia to read is like trying to tear pelling the depressed class Chris- and A. Venkataramiah, which down the Himalayas. Only 8 tian converts to go to Hindu caused a furore, reduced the per cent of the 340,000,000 can temples. If they do not forsake school attendance from 400 to 70 read, and only 7 per cent of Christianity, they are not al- overnight, and brought on a those who can read can do it lowed to reap the harvest, and court case, through all of which well enough to understand what some are turned out of their the Christian leaders stood un- they are reading. Dr. Laubach poor dwellings. This restriction compromisingly for their faith, thinks he has the explanation. is being applied to London Mis- resulting in many conversions. There is in India a spoken lansion, Romon Catholic, Salvation guage and a written, in all the Army and Syrian converts in Madras Christian College, an large languages. These go by places like Avaneeswaram and outgrowth of the work of this the same name but have differ- Thalavoor. The matter has at- mission is celebrating the Cen- ent vocabularies. It is as if you tracted the attention of Mr. tenary by transfer to a new lo- were learning Greek, or Hebrew, Gandhi, who has promised to try cation covering 390 a'cres at and had to learn both a new voto better the situation. Tambaram, sixteen miles south cabulary and a new alphabet. -National Missionary Intelli- of Madras. It is worse than that for the il- literate, for he has never learned gencer. -United Church Review. any letters and does not know what to expect. Dr. Laubach is Santal Mission Anniversary Literacy by 1941 advocating that all illiterates be taught in their own dialects, This year marks the seven- The All-India Conference of learning to read in the spoken tieth anniversary of the found- India Christians has issued a language. Thus the other laning of the Santal Mission of challenge: "Every Christian guages will become dead. North India. Of the founders, able to read by 1941." Here are Hans Peter Borresen and Lars some of the reasons for expect- -Missionary Herald. Olsen Skrefsrud, the former was ing a literate Church of Christ a native of Denmark, the latter in India four years hence. First, Gospel Inn at Leh of Norway. The mission is now there are many evidences of a supported by Lutherans in Den- widespread interest in adult lit- The Christian tells us that at mark, Norway and America. eracy. Active committees are Leh, on the border of VVestern There are fifty missionaries in at work in every part of the Tibet where Moravian missionthe field, twenty from Norway, country in the study of the prob- aries have labored for many twenty from Denmark and ten lems involved, in the prepara- years without seeing much fruit, from America, and the field is tion of materials, in the encour- it is now proposed to erect a expanding. Scattered over a agement of voluntary teachers "Gosnel Inn," in an attempt to strip of territory 400 miles lon~ of the illiterate. Preliminary at- obtain closer contact with nilare small Santal churches with tempts have met with distinct grims on their wav to their holy their pastors, evangelists and success. Striking achievements city. This inn will afford shel- Bible women. There are village in other countries spur India to ter and rest for the pilgrims and schools, and, in the large cen- the attainment of literacy. Rus- give opportunity for the missionters, boarding schools both for sia raised her literary from 33 aries to minister to their spiritboys and girls. There are also to 90 per cent between 1921 and ual needs. orphan homes, hospitals, and at 1931. In China, Dr. Y. C. James Saldoha a colony for lepers. Yen, began a mass literacy Christian Villages in Siam movement in 1922 with 1,450 Madras Centenary students; and within seven years One of Siam's largest Chris- he had taught five million to tian groups consists of ten vil- Scottish missionaries in Ma- read and write. lages where work is being cardras and vicinity are rejoicing ried on by Siamese leaders. In in their hundred years of his- Recent research has shown the largest church in this area tory. In February of 1837, John that the adult can learn to read there are several active organ- Anderson, son of a blind farmer some five times as rapidly as a izations-a large primary Sunof southern Scotland, landed in child. Many are influenced in day school, a large day school, Madras and began a school with their interest in literacy by the and a Kings Daughters circle. a definite evangelistic aim. To- political franchise to be gained They have their own evangelists day, thirty-six missionaries in by the literate. Inferiority com- whom they send out to work in

neighboring villages. There is colleges are coming to positio~s reconsecrating themselves to a large group of people studying of influence in the State and III Christ and four applying for now to be received into the all the learned professions. In church membership. c h u r c h as soon as they are the last dozen years the number ready. These church members of enrolled students of the Chris- Rev. C. H. Wong, pastor of tithe, and their gifts are more tian colleges has increased from the East Shanghai B a p ti s t than enough to meet the ex- 2000 to over 7,000. There are Church, asks these questions of penses of the church and sup- 800 graduates going out of these candidates for church memberport their own pastor. They institutions every year to take ship: are now asking for an assistant up their careers of various pastor, since the one cannot do kinds." What does it mean to be a Chrisall the work that might be done. -Missionary Herald (London). tian? Why do you want to become a They are ready to assume the Christian? What is the difference besupport of the extra pastor as Radio Preaching tween a Christian and a non-Chrissoon as he can be obtained. tian? Are the members of you~ fam- One of the most encouraging ily Christian? . Does yo~r .famIly ob- Singapore Churches features of Christian work in ject to your bemg a ChrrstIan? What Shanghai today is the Christian would you do if some one should per- Churches in Singapore differ Broadcasting Station. The un- secute you for being a Christian? Why from those in America in that usual thing about the broadcasts do you wan~ to join the. church? Wh~t they are run by young people, is their popularity, since only is the meamng of oaptIsm, the Lord s for in the ordinary church there one person out of 300 is a Chris- Supper, prayer, etc.? Do you p.r3:Y and are more youths than adults. tian. The station was begun, read your Bible? Are you wIllmg to The explanation for this is found and is still financed by a Chris- help bring others to Christ? in the fact that the church con- tian Chinese business merchant, ducts primary and· secondary who probably gives not less than Sometimes candidates are schools in every section of the nine-tenths of his income to God, asked to wait for further study city. These mission schools meet and part of it meets the heavy of Christianity, or until they the government standards, and expenses connected with this have a deeper experience of teach religion during these form- broadcasting center. W hen Christ before they are presented ative years, so that religious some one suggested that perhaps to the church for membership. education is a part of the whole more money was being spent on process, and not merely a Sun- its maintenance than should be, -Watchman-Examiner. day morning project. he replied that instead of spend- ling less, he felt he ought to Fukien's Experiment Another difference is that the spend more, and would do so. congregations are interracial; Thus he is now proposing that Fukien Christian University, the Sunday school and worship Government stations in other with a dozen villages within an service may be in Chinese from provincial capitals be placed at hour's walk of its campus – a 8: 30 to 10: 30. English may be the service of Christian preach- campus fashioned out of seventy the language for the next two ers. By payment of a fixed sum acres of rice and potato fields, hours and Malay in the after- to the authorities in charge of is not unmindful of its obliganoon. The same minister may those stations, half-an-hour daily tion to solve its share of the Chihave two of these groups and can be allowed for the broad- nese rural problem. The unisometimes the third. Race does casting of the Gospel. This ra- versity believes that the r~con­ not matter-only language. dio service reaches "the war struction of the rural areas IS an lords and the politicians, the experiment, and therefore an ex- Six out of ten churches in farmers and the factory work- pert's task. Francis Chen, with Singapore are self-supporting. ers, the old and the young, the his Yale Ph.D., in rural econom- Those receiving mission help are pirates and the followers of ics has returned to China as exthe newly organized ones. Some Christ." -China's Millions. pe;imenter. A gift secured by of the Chinese laymen have Rev. E. H. Smith, of the AmerIstarted an anti-opium clinic Evangelism in Shanghai can Board in Ingtai, provides which they are supporting, and funds for a five-year period of reports show over 1,000 patients University experimenting; and the village with 1,400 on the waiting list. of Nieu Tien is the starting It is the custom at the Uni- point. . -RALPH A. FELTON. versity of Shanghai (Baptist), to have four evangelistic meet- Forty year'S of revolution have CHINA ings each year, each called "Re~ made the farmer their victim. ligious Emphasis Week." Per- He is the sufferer from the civil Christian Influence Expanding sonal work is done largely wars, exorbitant taxes, the cor- through fellowship groups. dur- rupt and bewildered gentry, not At a meeting in London of ing the year. The l~st serIes ~f to speak of bandits and commu- British Missionary Societies, meetings resulted III 14 decI- nists. The farmers constitute Rev. C. E. Wilson, Baptist For- sions, twenty-two desiring to four-fifths of the total popula-: eign Secretary, said: enter Bible classes, seventy-four tion. To save the farmer is, therefore, to save the nation. "It is one of the most remarkable features of modern China -Far Horizons. that the graduates of Christian Through Personal Contact Of 28 students and teachers baptized in one station in China

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

during the past year, 17 came ites" has learned a great deal of the Church of Christ in China. from non-Christian schools. A about the Chiang people of the Similar boards are being de- Presbyterian m iss ion a r y in western borderland of China. veloped at Kulangsu and Chuancharge of student work there They live between China proper chow. Outlying hospitals at says that these were not super- and Tibet. They bear such un- Changpu and Siokhe will be opficial or emotional decisions, but mistakable marks of being Is- erated as branches of the Changfollowed many months of care- raelitish that Mr. Torrance chow hospital center, and it is ful training in communicants' says: "Were they clad in foreign proposed that other outlying classes, and much personal dis- dress and set down in London or hospitals shall be designated as cussion with other Christians. New York, they would be taken branches of the Kulangsu and Most of these young people first at once for Jews." Chuanchow centers respectively. became interested in Christianity The description he gives of the Each of the three missions conthrough Christian stu den t s use of an altar in the sacred cerned have given approval to whom they knew. Said this mis- grove, and of the slaying of the the plan. sionary: "It is easier to get stu- sacrificial lamb by an appointed dents into a vital relationship priest, clad in special priestly GENERAL with God in their personal lives garments, is strangely reminis- Religion—'Not Philosophy than to lead them into the cent of the Old Testament sacri- Needed fices, and the likeness is further Church." -Monday Morning. borne out by the ritualistic use President Jam e s Rowland of a priestly rod bearing the im- Angell of Yale University insists age of a serpent, recalling the that religion, rather than phi- Leprosy Conferences ancient Nehustan. The similar- losophy must be relied on to Within a week after the tragic ities between Israelitish and change the human heart and shooting of sixty lepers at Chiang religious practices all solve our many problems. Said Yeungkong, two of the most shed fresh light on many an elu- he at the Bowdoin Institute of noted scientific bodies in China sive Bible allusion. The national Philosophy: were in session-the Chinese story of the Chiang people un- "Anything which gives any Medical Association and the doubtedly holds the answer to promise of restoring some meas- Third National Conference on many hitherto unanswered ques- ure of sobriety of outlook, some Leprosy. The national character tions of religion and history. common convictions a m 0 n g of these two organizations made Mr. Torrance's work of Bible thoughtful and honorable men, them loud-speakers of protest distribution in West China has is deserving of encouragement. against these executions. On the strictly intellectual side, brought many Chiang villages philosophy and science are alone The Me d i c a I Association likely to gain the necessary hearpassed the following resolution, into the Christian fold. ing from our thinking leaders, quickly seconded by the Leprosy -Bible Society Record.

Conference: Three Missions Unite Medical and perhaps by contagion some Work shreds of sanity may spread to That the Chinese Medical Association, in session at the Medical Center, Dr. Edward H. Hume sends common folk who have neither Shanghai, has heard with dismay of the mental power nor the train- the premeditated murder of lepers in an account of the federation of ing to think through basic probthe Yeungkong hospital leper settlement and the subsequent looting of three medical missions in China, lems for themselves. In the the settlement by soldiers; formerly maintained separately larger area of feeling and emo- by three denominations, to com- tion, to which appeal has finally That, apart from the natural ab- bine all medical work in South horrence of such cruelties, this and to be made before any social re- similar acts, in direct contravention Fukien into one unit. Late in sponse of significant magnitude of the orders of the Canton authorities, as expressed in their published 1936, a survey committee was can be hoped for, I think we injunctions strictly forbidding the appointed by the three missions molestation of lepers, do more than must look to essential religion. I involved – American Reformed, personally think that the most anything else to spread the disease by English Presbyterian and Eng- sophisticated can with intellectdriving every leper into hiding; lish Congregational – w h i c h ual assurance turn to the convic- And that immediate steps be taken by the officers of this conference to studied the entire area and tion that spiritual forces are inapproach the proper authorities in reached the conclusion that it digenous to ultimate reality, that they are in part reflected in such Nanking and Canton, urging that would be desirable to commence suitable penalties be imposed on the united activities at one center, conceptions as we have of jusmurderers, that steps be taken to protect the lepers, and especially to pre- while regarding the hospitals of tice and truth and beauty and the vent the molestation of those under- love of our fellow man." He going medical treatment. the entire area as essentially be- added that the task of turnin~ longing to a single plan. The -Without the Camp. Board of Managers of the hos- people as individuals from mal- pital at Changchow (London ice, cruelty, and selfish lust "is a The Chiangs of West China Mission) agreed to go out of ex- task which religion can most istence and a new board was cre- easily perform, and hardly any The author of "China's First ated, three of whose members other agency can make a real be- Missionaries – Ancient Israel- were designated by the Synod ginning."

=='==========~=============='~

Our. Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information A Theology for Christian Missions. pear, as he recognizes! with t~e tain them. Meanwhile it is good By Hugh Vernon White. 220 pp. historic Catholic faIth. HIS Christology does not seem to be to have this thoughtful book $2. Willett, Clark & Co., New York the historic Chris~ology either of which goes so far and sets forth and Chicago. 1937. the Roman Catholic Church or so much truth as to life and of the theology of the Reformed thought and duty that one This book begins with a re- Churches. He reverences Jesus freshing note, at variance with wishes it would go further and the easy unrational and self-con- Christ as the historic revelation recover all of the great evan- of the character of God but says tradictory view of the past gen- little of the Risen Christ as a liv- gelical tradition which is as true eration which eschewed any in- ing supernatural person and today and will be as true tomorterest in the theological basis of foreign missions and advocated now as it ever was.

the adequacy of the ideal and R. E. SPEER. motive of human service. But presence and little of the mysti- cal element .of Christian experi- Two Missionary Voyages. By Thomas why were the ideal and motive ence. He saves a good deal of TPrhoommoptsionng. 8C7hprips.tiaIns. KSnoocwielteydfgoer. of human service adequate? the old but the movement of London. 1937.

Any attempt to answer this q?es- thought preserves the human- This little paper-bound book tion involved the answerer III a istic construction of the past few rescues from obscurity the name theology, a very thin and poor decades instead of entering into of a pioneer missionary who was theology perhaps, but still a the- the new currents which return sent out nearly two hundred ology which sooner or later had to God, rather than man, as the years ago (1745) by the Society to grapple with the meaning of the ideas of God and man and center and the constructive prin- for the Propogation of the Gos- ciple of Christian thought and pel of the Church of E,ngland to society. experience. The emphasis her2 work among the EnglIsh colon- Dr. White sees all this clearly is on man's service of his ists in New Jersey, and who, and states his view with unmis- brother, using the concepts of when his opportunity was closed takable plainness: God and of the teaching and ex- by the Revolution five years It is my strong conviction that the ample of the historic Jesus, later became the first Anglican Christian mission must have an ex- rather than on God in Christ, missionary to West Africa. His plicit theology to sustain it. These the Christ of history, the living interesting account of his adventlheecotuloregsi,cathl epreofionrteo, frevpireewseannt da dthefeinaitte- Christ, at wodrk u1sintg' manf Hfo' r turous voyages and varied extempt to ground evangelical Christian- the service an sa va Ion 0 IS periences were published by the children. The books cited are Society during his lifetime, but itv in beliefs about God, Christ, man .and the nature of the spiritual life, the books of the humanistic had been out of print and lost trend and thehre 'stehems to be for 150 years till a stray cop.y wprheiscehntc-adnaybeChhreilsdtiawnisthancodnwfidheicnhceCb2ny either no touc WI or a con- was found in the Rutger's 11be defended rationally and sustained scious ignoring of the new and brary in New Brunswi<;k. T~e by practical experience. Evangelical tfshaioeintohslo. ghiacIsaflatshfuuapntpdosarumtpeponoftratClhfrsaitla~ltksi,eanCinhmr~tIhss-e- dominant currents which turn Society has now republIshed It, back to the B.iblicaDl coWnche.ptts of wI'th explanatory introductions., tianity ceases to be a "gospel" in the God and ChrIst. r. 1 e ac- in its original form. The EdI- local parish as well as on the mission cepts "the passing of the old ra- torial Secretary rightly says field. tional premises for doctrinal that it will stir the imagination constructidon' wthh ti c hh'Cathfoltihcs of all who care for the records of ingWefohr avtheehamdisesnioonuagrhy swpeocrikal opfletahde- have foun III e eac Illg.O e old days and are ready to honor church. What it needs is not special Church and Protestants III the the memory of a Christian pio- letter of Scripture." Is it not neer and hero. pleading but a clear realization that the world mission finds its oraratiloin~a-l rather t rubaectkhat 0t dtahye sWe I'otlhd prem- _ ARTHUR J. BROWN. justification as well as its m ises are a new perative in the very nature of ChrIstianity. This is what makes so neces- sary today a treatment of missions power? The future will show. The Deeper Life. By Max I. Reich. The future will show also 112 pp. $1.00. Wm. B. Eerdman from the point of view of Christian theology. whether Dr. White's construc- Pub. Co. Grand Rapids, Mich.

When Dr. White states his tion of a theology for Christian Those who share the convictheology, however, variances ap- missions will sustain and main- tion that the present urgent need Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the RllvIIlW publishers on receipt of price.

[446 ]

OUR MISSIONARY

is the deepening of the spiritual by the Apostles, and effective in which characterize his discuslife of the church will prize this a new righteousness from God, sion of the subject, which is volume of studies by a gifted and a new access to God, a new crea- especially timely in this year of able expositqr. Dr.· Reich is a tion by God for those who ac- the Edinburgh World Confermember of the faculty of the cept it. Dr. McNicol does not ence on Faith and Order. Moody Bible Institute and the start with a thesis to which facts book reflects both his deep spir- must be made to conform. His ARTHUR J. BROWN. itual discernment and wide appeal is to what "is written." knowledge of the Scriptures. How completely documented Missionary Illustrations. By Alva His approach is somewhat un- from Scripture his treatment is usual in that there is almost en- may be judged from the 500 ref- C. Bowers. 154 pp. $1.50. Flemtire absence of illustration or erences listed in the Scripture ing H. Revell. New York. appeal to emotion. The aim is Index at the end of the book. rather to bring into view great Yet the text does not seem cum- Here are stories of real exareas of spiritual privilege re- bered by excessive quotation. vealed in the Scriptures, which On the contrary, the argument periences, gathered by the au- Christians so largely neglect. moves steadily forward, without There is the constant holding up waste of words, from position to thor during his twenty-six years of the divine mirror to expose position, as each is established the deformities of the self life, and fortified in turn. Marked in foreign mission service. Pasand warning against formalism, with fine insight and evident ritualism and doctrinalism, as scholarship the book is neverthe- tors, Sunday school teachers and foes to highest spiritual attain- less not academic. It is wholement. The sixteen chapters are somely objective, and yet at the leaders of young people will find rich in sustenance for the inner same time is intense with feellife, especially those on Deeper ing. Obviously the Christian this book a mine of usable inci- Fellowship, Deeper Teaching, evangel has pro v e d in the and Deeper Peace. writer's own case to be "power dents that will increase the unto salvation," and he cherishes If there be any qualification in it with joyous conviction. Any- knowledge of other lands, and one's appreciation of a book of one who wishes to understand such high value and helpfulness, essential Christianity cannot do give point to inspirational this would relate to one or two better than read this book. instances of overstatement. truths. H. H. F. ARTHUR H. GORDON. HUGH R. MONRO. God's Methods for Holy Living. Church Unity. By the Rev. F. H. Dr. Donald Grey Barnhouse. 50 The Christian Evangel. By John Me· Knubel, D.D. 86 pp. 75 cents. cents. 93 pp. Revelation. Phila- Nicol, D.D. 12mo. 193 pp. $1.50. Board of Publication of the United delphia. 1937. American Tract Society, New York. Lutheran Church in America. 1937. 1937. This volume of brief addresses This discussion of church It is a good omen that books unity, by the distinguished presi- deals with a theme of which we are appearing, one after another, dent of the United Lutheran which seek to define Christian- Church in America, is in the hear all too little in present-day ity as presented in the New Tes- form of a commentary on the tament. Many have become Epistle to the Ephesians, whose preaching. Holiness has had a weary of the vague religiousness real theme is held to be the unity of much contemporary preach- of the Church, and in which St. prominent place in the great reing, and eagerly desire to know Paul presents the "fundamental what the original Christian mes- facts concerning unity," "Chris- vivals since Wesley's day, but sage really was. They wish to tian responsibility for unity" "distinguish the things that dif- and the proper methods for the because of the teaching of eradier." Dr. Machen's "What Is "promotion of unity by Chris- Faith," and Principal Michlem's tian denominations." cation and other extremes by book with a similar title, are calculated to meet this commend- Leaders who feel that true certain groups, a widespread able desire. The volume by Dr. unity should and will express it- McNicol belongs in the same self in union, that union does prejudice has recently grown up. class and certainly does not suf- not mean a standardized unifer by comparison. It is a clear, formity or a supergovernment, To omit a truth so essential as coherent, cogent setting forth of and that a closer union than now the "Christian Evangel" as fore- exists is long overdue, will prob- this leaves great areas of Scripshadowed in the Old Testament, ably not share Dr. Knubers fear made possible by our Lord, in of "the hurried establishment of ture uncultivated and the sym- His life and death and resurrec- an external union." They will, tion, certified by the gift of the however, respect the ability, sin- metry of Christian doctrine is Spirit at Pentecost, proclaimed cerity and fine Christian spirit sadly marred.

Dr. Barnhouse's approach is well balanced, scriptural, and in the fullest sense practical and helpful. His numerous illustra- tions are highly effective. the language clear and forceful, and there is a sustained interes '; throughout. The reader will lay down this book with a sense of spiritual refreshment and with much new light upon the Word of God. H. R. MONRO.

My Servant Moses. By E. Ray Cam- eron. A.M., Th.M. 12mo. 187 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Company, N. Y. 1937.

Here is a straightforward chronicle of the life of the great Hebrew lawgiver. It follows closely the Biblical record, util- izing often its very phraseology, and makes no attempt to ap- praise the documents critically, or speculate as to their origin.

Their full reliability is taken for The History of Sin Personal Items granted. The writer presents An illuminating and instruc- (Concluded from 2d cover.) ]doses as the chief instrument tive treatise on the little understood subject of the on church properties, and for a bish- through whom the Providence of origin and development of sin op's residence. God operated for the deliverance in the world. of Israel from Egypt. He traces Rev. F. Wh*itt*ake*r, an English The Marks of Sonship that Providence in detail from Methodist missionary in Hyderabad, the beginning to the end of Tracing in clear language the India, has been appointed mass move- ]doses' life, and seeks to inter- pathway of sonship. An ad- ment secretary of the National Chris- pret ]doses' reactions to it. He mirable treatise dealing with tian Council of India. This post is the very heart of the Gospel. made necessary by the situation fd1- introduces us to ]doses' inward lowing the Ambedkar movement of conflicts and hesitations, his ven- The History of Temptation the Depressed Classes. tures of faith, the motives which Barring what seem to us one *** actuated him, his hopes and or two extremes in statement, . trials and disappointments and this pamphlet throws a flood Rajah B. Manikam, Ph.D., has been of light on a subject concern- elected one of the secretaries of the triumphs. The result is no mere ing which there is far too National Christian Council of India, symbolic figure of the dim past, much superficial thinking. Burma and Ceylon. His time will be devoted to the Central Board of Chris- aloof and severe, but "a real When Winter Comes tian Higher Education and to the warm-blooded human being" of promotion of Christian literature. Dr. like passions with ourselves, and A tribute to those in advanced Manikam has been vice-principal of years by one in the prime of Andhra Christian College, supported "as lovable as any character in by the United Lutheran Church. history." The scattered facts of ]doses life are collected and in- *** Dr. Adolph Keller, director of the Central Bureau of Relief of the Evan- life. Emphasis is placed on gelical Churches of Europe, is coming cluded in the narrative, empha- to the United States this month. He the solid satisfactions of later will participate in the National sizing his versatility, his prodi- years when there are hallowed Preaching Mission and will give lecgious achievements and their abiding value. Now and then memories and a living faith. tures on the recent Oxford Conferthe story is made more vivid by In contrast to the unbelieving, ence. *** imaginative touches, as when such find light at eventide.

]doses and Aaron meet after HUGH R. MONRO. Obituary Notes forty years of separation and James Hudson Taylor of China. By Mrs. Hele,n Pierson Curtis. the J. J. Ellis. 96 pp. 2s. Pickering wife of the Rev. Frederick S. Curtis, talk over old times, or when the who spent forty years of her life with sensational experiences of Israel, and Inglis. London and Edinburgh. her husband as a missionary in Japan during the days immediately and Korea, died in New Haven, Conn., after the escape from Egypt, are Hudson Taylor was 'known as on July 5, 1937. She was born in Binghamton, N. Y., on August 9, relayed in the modern form of "the man who believed God." 1861, the daughter of Dr. and Mrs. news flashes. Judicious and per- Arthur T. Pierson. She was educated tinent practical suggestions ap- He believed God without any in Kalamazoo Seminary and after her marriage went to Japan in 1888 pear at intervals, which remind qualifications whatever. The where she did a notable work in teach- ing and evangelism. M'rs. Curtis is one that the book has its roots in awe-inspiring fact of his life survived by her husband and four a series of sermons preached to children. the writer's own congregation. was this simple faith; and the One finishes reading with a sense one great lesson to be drawn from it is the power of such a faith. H. H. F.

of profit from having become Seminary Militant. By Louise Porter Herbert Udn*y *W*eitbrecht Stanbetter acquainted with this most impressive Biblical character, Thomas. 117 pp. $1.00. Dept. of ton, for many years an associate edi- English, Mount Holyoke College. tor of The Moslem World, died on 1937. prior to Christ Himself. May 30 in London, at the age of eigh- One of the centennial publi- ty-six. Dr. Weitbrecht Stanton, schol- ARTHUR H. GORDON. cations of ]dount Holyoke Col- ar and linguist, was a distinguished Series of Six Booklets. 16 pp., with lege, being an account of the missionary of the Church Missionary heavy paper cover. By Donald Grey Society in the Punjab for more than missionary movement at the a generation. His long residence in Barnhouse. 10 cents each. Revela- college, inspired and developed India, and his intimate acquaintance tion, Philadelphia. by its founder, ]dary Lyon. The with Arabic as well as Urdu, specially Happy Though Poor book is interestingly compiled fitted him to write on Moslem prob- lems. An arresting discussion of the from letters, diaries, and note- secret of happiness, replete books of early students and *** with vivid illustration, sound teachers. Along with the strug- reasoning and clear Scripture Mrs. William Clifton Dodd, hon- teaching. orably retired Presbyterian mission- gle to develop higher education . ary to Siam, died at her home in Men Whom God Struck Dead for women was the dauntless re– Johnstown, Pa., July 4, 1937. Isabella Ruth Eakin was born at Solemn lessons drawn from solve to convert the world. The Rose Point, Pa., June 26, 1861, sailed long list of ]dount Holyoke for Siam on October 20, 1887. In 1889 alumnre who have served as mis- she became the wife of Dr. William judgments of Scripture. Each sionaries at home or abroad in- C. Dodd and for nearly 33 years they illustration is given a power- work as pioneers in that remote Laos ful present-day application. cludes the name of Dr. Ida field, hundreds of miles from the Scudder. fringe of civilization. H. H. F.

Book. For OCTOBER

SMTWTFS Africa and Christianity. Diedrich •• •• •• •• •• 1 2 Westermann. $2.25. Oxford Uni- 3 4 5 6 789 versity Press. London and New 10 11 12 13 U 15 16 York. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 27 28 29 80 Books for the Traveler or Sojourner 81 •••••••••••• in China. Harriet Hardison Rob- son. 24 pp. 25 cents. American Most Important Months Council, Institute of Pacific Rela- of the New Church Year tions. New York. NOVEMBER Be Sure DECEMBER Christianity and the Eastern Con- to Order IMTWTFS flicts. William Paton. 224 pp. .!..!!.TWTF. •• •••• 1 2 8 of $1.50. Willett Clark & Co: Chi- •• 11846' 6 8 7 8 91011 cago. 12 18 U 16 1617 18 7 8 9 10 1112 18 Christianity and Our World. John U 16 18 17 18 19 20 ………….. 19 20 III 22 28 24 26 C. Bennett. 70 pp. 50 cents. As- sociation Press. New York. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 212228 114 26 118 117 282728298081 •• The Church at the Heart of the 182980 •••••• World Christian Community. Es- ther Boorman Strong. 60 pp. Cbt Upptr Room 1. M. C. New York. OCTOBER-NOVEMBER-DECEMBER ISSUE The Divine Art of Soul Winning. J. O. Sanders. 96 pp. lB. Picker- With summer past and vacations over, it is time to ing & Inglis. London. inaugurate a new Church year and a new program. In many instances a new organization must be set up The Great Commission. W. Wilson or at least replacements made. New Members must Cash. 116 pp. 28. Oliphants be drawn into closer fellowship and the spiritual life London. of the old members must be quickened. For this period of cultivation the daily devotional life of the Dr. Bob Hockman – A Surgeon of individual is most important to the success of the; the Cross. Kathleen Hockman whole program. Friederichsen. 102 pp. 50 cents. Zondervan Pub. House. Grand More Than 15,000 Pastors Have Acclaimed Rapids. THE UPPER ROOM as the Most Effective In the Jungles of New Guinea. R. Daily Devotional Guide Obtainable Hanselmann. Pamphlet. Lutheran Book Concern. Columbus, Ohio. Pastors or group leaders are invited to order a trial supply on our liberal consignment plan. Use the or- Kagawa Comes Home. 25 cents. 66 der form below. pp. Friends of Jesus. Tokyo. CONSIGNMENT ORDER INDIVIDUAL SUBSCRIPTION- Morocco in Mufti. James Haldane. THB UPPER ROOM, 231 pp. 68. A. H. Stockwell Ltd. Issue for October, November, December Doctors' Building, London. (For use of Pastor or Group Leader. Nashville, Tenn.

The New Adorning. Reginald Wallis. Order ten or more copies.) Gentlemen: 65 pp. 80 cents. American Bible I am inclosing herewith thirty cents Conference Assn. Philadelphia. THE UPPER ROOM, (foreign, forty cents) for which please Natur Und Gnade in Der Mission- Doctors' Building, send me The Upper Room for one year, arischen Verkundigung. Theodore Devaranne. 28 pp. Ostasien Mis- Nashville, Tenn. postpaid, beginning with _ _ _ __ sion. Berlin, Germany. quarterly issue. Gentlemen: Pioneer Days in Darkest Africa. A. Name G. Ingleby. 176 pp. 28. 6d. Pick- Please send me copies ering & Inglis. London. of The UpPer Room, postpaid. I will Street or Route _ _ _ _ _ __ sell these for five cents per copy and Practical Christian Living. Thoughts pay for same when sold. It is under- Post·office _ _ _ _ _ State _ __ for Daily Meditation. Zelma Argue. 32 pp. 25 cents. Zondervan Pub. stood that I have the privilege of re- *A single copy by mail anywhere 10 Co. Grand Rapids. turning at your expense Bny unsold cents. Redeeming the Time. Report of the China Inland Mission. 82 pp. Lon- copies. don. Name Radiant Youth. Reginald Wallis. Street or Route _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 128 pp. 80 cents. American Bible Conference Assn. Philadelphia. Post·office _ _ _ _ _ State _ __ Seminary Militant. Louise Porter Thomas. 117 pp. $1.00. Mount Holyoke College. Mt. Holyoke, Mass.

Special Libraries D ire c tor y of Greater New York. 90 pp. $2.00. Delphine Humphrey. New York.

C. T. Studd-Athlete and Pioneer. Norman P. Grubb. 266 pp. $1.00. Zondervan Pub. Co. Grand Rapids.

The Thoughtful Minute. J. Y. Simp- son. 64 pp. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London.

Von Der Religionswissenschaft Zur Mission. Gerbard Rosenkranz. 25 pp. Ostasien Mission. Berlin, Ger- many.

Anti-Christian Anny —

200,000,000 Moslems The strongest united force opposing the claims of Christ and the progress of modern missions is the Moslem population of the world. Although the followers of Mohammed believe that Jesus was a prophet of God and although the Koran gives Him an exalted place, the Mohammedans refuse to accept Him as Son of God and the only Saviour from the penalty and power of sin.

The Moslems are not only extremely fanatical but they are also militant propagandists for their religious faith and practices. The difficulties they put in the way of Christian missionary work are especially felt in countries where Islam is in control or that claim a majority of the population. Such countries are: Egypt, the Sudan, North Africa, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Arabia, Iran, Afghanistan, parts of India, Malaya, China and southeastern Europe.

The October MISSIONARY REVIEW will be devoted to this subject-with articles by mission· aries and converts, maps and illustrations, news and book reviews. Among the articles will be: The Moslem World Today…………………………………… Dwight M. Donaldson Why Take Christ to Moslems …………………………………… Samuel M. Zwemer Some Moslem Superstitions …………………………………………. Davida Finney The Gospel that Wins Moslems …………………………………….. W. Wilson Cash Moslem Reactions to the Gospel …………………………………….. James Haldane My Experience with Moslems ………………………………………. " Frank Laubach Christian vs. Moslem Homes ………………………………… .Mrs. Edwin E. Calverley Medical Missions to Moslems …………………………………… , ….. Paul Harrison Encouragements Among Moslems ………………………………………. George Swan Sermon by a Convert from Islam ………………………… , ………. .Sa'eed Kurdistani What Christ Means to Me …………….. " …………………. .By Converts from Islam Best Books on the Moslem World ……………………………••..• •Samuel M. Zwemer 25 cents a copy –Send Your· Order Now– ~2.s0 a year ~20.00 a hundred Special Pmt! in ~antities if ordered bt!fore Septembt!T 15th THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRISBURG, PA.

Robert E. Speer, President Delavan L. Pierson, Editor

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1915

fOI2

MlSSIONA~Y fiDES 1. A Chinese Christian recommends "knee medicine" as the best cure for the opium habit, idolatry and other sins. (See page 700.) 2. Korean Christian women are so eager to learn to read that some begin reading lessons at the age of seventy. One of the best of the Bible women did not learn to read until she was thirty. (See page 689.) 3. American tourists sometimes meet with unexpected rebukes in ] apan, as happened not long ago when one of them asked a merchant to make out a false bill to deceive American customs officials. "No," was the reply, "I am trying to teach my clerks honesty." (See page 687.) 4. A copy of the Buddhist Bible, as printed in Tibetan on the Chinese border, consists of 108 volumes, makes four pack-mule loads, and is worth $450 gold. (See page 672.) 5. Dr. K. Ibuka, President of the Meiji Gakuin, a Christian University in ] apan, says that "among the thoughtful Japanese there is a growing conviction that the old ethical ideals and sanctions have lost their authority. . . . The people are turning their eyes and thoughts to Christianity as the only source of power adequate to the great task of a moral renewal of the people." (See page 653.) 6. In the great demand for Western literature in ] apan, many demoralizing books and plays are having an immense circulation. This condition reveals a great field for the circulation of Christian literature. (See page 703.) 7. H. S. Kimura, a successful Japanese evangelist, who is called the ii] apan- ese [lilly Sunday," and has preached with great effectiveness in ] apan, is now on a visit to the United States. (See page 704.) 8. Missionaries in Korea are appealing for good picture-cards, to counteract the demoralizing pictures widely distributed to advertise cigarets. (See page 705.) 9. After seven years' hard work an Arabic reference Bible has been com- pleted by Dr. Franklin E. Hoskins of Beirut, Syria. (See page 710.) 10. Three Chinese were baptized at the student conference in Northfield, Mass., a Methodist bishop, a Chinese pastor and a Y. M. C. A. secre- tary taking part in the service. Six Chinese were also baptized this year at the student conference in Eaglesmere, Pa. (See page 715.) 11. Candidates for membership in the large Presbyterian church at Elat, Nest Africa, must wait at least two years, receive weekly instruction and contribute regularly to the church. These probationary classes number 15,000 and the church membership is 2,3DO. (See page 644.) 12. Ten Christian Eskimo have shown their missionary spirit by agreeing to go, at their own expense, on a two years' evangelistic trip with a mis- sionary to a distant land off the coast of Northern Canada. (See page 645.)

K. mUKA, PRESIDENT OF MEI]I GAKUIN, TOKYO

The lieiji Gakuin, a University founded by the Presbyterian and Reformed Missions, has a Theological Department with about thirty students, a Collegiate Department with forty students, and an Academy with 325 students II EVIE Vol. XXXVIII, No.9 SEPTEMBER, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No.9 Old Series New Series II ,SIGNS-VOF-VTHE""TIMES i I 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111 .111111111111 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111IIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ EVANGELISTIC CAMPAIGN IN over two hundred persons, in all parts of the empire. Nearly nineteen OSAKA hundred persons signed cards, and about two hundred have already re- I T is estimated that about 80,000 ported for baptism.

people gathered in the various The greatest satisfaction to the meetings during the recent five churches and pastors has come, not months evangelistic campaign in through the large and successful Osaka. The meetings were held in meetings, but because of the spirit a theater, hotel, post office, in banks, of unity among all the Christians and in a public school, as well as in and workers. This is another examthe churches. Some were for men ple of the kind of work that is being and others for women only. Bank- conducted in many parts of Japan. ers, business men, students, churchmembers, and Christian workers had TEMPERANCE MOVEMENTS IN their addresses fitted to each group. JAPAN Perhaps half the number who attended the meetings were Christians, A GROWING temperance sentibut thousands of non-churchgoers also listened to the Gospel. Many ment in Japan is reported by methods were used to call attention Rev. E. O. Mills, who is engaged in to the campaign. The newspapers were evangelistic work among railway utilized, as in Tokyo and Kyoto, to men. Last summer, for example, a publish a brief and clear account of temperance society was organized in Christian truth. This newspaper ad- Fukuoka with over one hundred vertising brought enquiries from members, and this year on New The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowiedge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS. .

Year's Day, which is usually a time elements of nature, but the predomiof drunkenness, the station master nant feature of their religion is fear was brave enough to leave sake out of evil spirits. Now they are maniof the fare. His many callers were festing a desire to find something served with a favorite non-intoxi- that will liberate them from demon cating drink made from parched slavery. They hail Christianity with grain. eager expectations and if the Chief accepts, the people say that alI the The usual excursion for railway others wiII follow. The people made employees was held in March, and this statement. The Chief made no the Western Kyushu section met in objection to accepting Christianity till Fukuoka. Three special trains the question carne up of tearing down brought the people for a day, re- the household shrines in which they turning in the evening. During the believe that the spirits of their anfive days 7,scXJ carne. They met in cestors reside. He said he would the largest theater, afterward spend- have to consult with his people first ing the remaining hours in sight- and if they concluded to accept Chrisseeing. For the entire trip sake was tianity he would build a house for prohibited. The superintendent of the missionary to live in when he the Kyushu lines and his wife are came to teach them. There is reason both earnest Christians. The wives to hope that the Yao will soon turn of many of the men were also pres- to Christ en masse. ent. All of the people were happy, and it was a fine example of tem- CHANGES IN BOLIVIA perance, for even in the parks none of these thousands of people brought FOR nearly four hundred years, even beer. There still remains a great battle to fight against strong the only religion permitted by law drink in Japan, but there are many in Bolivia was Roman Catholicism, encouraging signs of victory. and the penalty of death was provided for those who would at- POSSIBLE MASS MOVEMENT IN tempt to propagate any other faith. "A Protestant was not allowed by SIAM the authorities, ecclesiastic or civJ1, to have family worship in his own 1~ HE Yao, several thousand of home," says Rev. A. B. Reekie, the whom live in the mountains of pioneer missionary of the Canadian Baptist Board. "When we entered northern Siam, are showing a re- the country," he says, "the Constimarkable readiness to receive Chris- tution of Bolivia read: 'The State tianity. They have emigrated to recognizes and maintains the Roman Siam from the Chinese provinces of Catholic Apostolic Religion, and pro- Kiangsi and K wangtung, and are re- hibits alI other public worship, exmarkable, says Rev. C. R. Callender, cept in colonies, where there will be for at least two things, "the good toleration.''' The religious attitude of order maintained in their society and all Bolivians was antagonistic to their industrious habits." evangelical work. This was sixteen years ago. The Yao worship spirits of their ancestors and certain spirits who are supposed to have control of the

OF THE

To-day, after sixteen years, Bolivia In spite of the opposition of the is greatly changed. The revolution priests, literature scattered in the resulted in a change of government, homes has done much to disabuse a break with the past, and a for- the, minds of the people of erroneous ward march was begun. Now conceptions, and has taken the edge there is full religious liberty and off their fanaticism. Besides those marriage is a state ceremony. The baptized into the Evangelical Church cemeteries have been taken from the many have profest to accept Christ Church and are under the control as Savior. of the municipalities. The clergy, no matter what their crime, were The people of Bolivia are more formerly answerable only to the liberal than formerly, less fanatical, , ecclesiastical courts, but are now an- more ambitious, more open to for- swerable to civil courts. Religious eign influence, but something more instruction is no longer permitted in than reformed laws and improved Government schools during school educational facilities are needed to hours. Two convents have been re- touch the inner life of the people. cently confiscated, and others are The regenerating influence of the threatened. The city council of La Gospel of Christ is absolutely neces- Paz, the Capital, has prohibited all sary. religious processions on the streets, and the question of separation of A GREAT CHURCH IN AFRICA Church and State will probably soon be an accomplished fact. FOR a church of 2,297 members At least 60 per cent. of the men to be developed in nineteen years of Bolivia (exclusive of Indians) from a group of two men and four have drifted away from the Church women is remarkable. That such a of Rome, and the attitude of many church has 15,000 contributors by of the women also toward Romanism envelop to support its 107 evan- and toward the Gospel has greatly gelists and seventy village schools changed. Few young men are pre- almost surpasses belief. This has paring for the priesthood, and those been done by the Presbyterian Mis- few are from the lower classes. Al- sion at Elat, German Kamerun, West ready some rural parishes have been Africa, in the interior of Africa, abandoned for lack of ·priests. When where natives formerly were canni- the Minister of Education undertook bals. In addition to its membership to build up a national system of of 2,300, Elat has two catechumen education he found himself handi- classes, numbering respectively 2,000 capped by lack of buildings, equip- and 1,300. Noone can be admitted ment and suitable teachers, and by to the Elat church as a member with- old and antiquated methods. The out a probationary period of at least mIsSIon schools gave a practical two years under weekly instruction demonstration of new methods and in these classes. This gives the new ideas, and helped the. Govern- church a waiting-list over six times ment to reconstruct the national its membership. system along modern lines. The first test of the African mis- sion convert, when admitted to the probationer's class, is that he must

give up his fetish; the next he must the front of the church, and the dirt settle his palavers-pay his debts, with which to make the adobes, or give up surplus wives, give up out- sun-dried brick.

wardly at least every immorality. Another man, who had been a fa- Then as a third step, he must take natic and a drunkard, gave a month's a bunch of envelops and become a wages with which to begin with the weekly contributor-two years before purchase of the lime, and has prom- reception into the church. A care- ised to furnish all the lime as it is ful record is kept, and his card is needed. He was converted while punched each month for church at- working on the girls' school building.

tendance and for contributions. Another Christian, who is a painter, During the twelve months ending has promised to paint the building August I, 1914, 7,500 persons con- as his contribution, and another who fest Christ at the Elat church. Of has oxen will do the hauling.

these, 5,000 were led to Christ by The Home Mission Society in Gua- the native workers. The entire for- temala city has collected within the eign missionary force last year con- last year one hundred and fifty dolsisted of three ordained men, four lars in the midst of the hardest times laymen, five missionaries' wives, two ever known there. Many give a part single women. of their time as well as a tenth of NATIVE EVANGELISM IN GUATE- their income to God's service. These MALA are the beginning of signs wrought by God through the people of Guate- EVANGELICAL work in Latin mala.

America is gaining headway, but CHANGES IN THE SOLOMON is even more difficult than in non- ISLANDS Christian Africa and Asia. It is, therefore, particularly encouraging to ONE of the striking results of read of the efforts put forth by mem- Christianity in the Melanesian bers of the Evangelical churches in Jslands is the fact that peace and Guatemala, Central America, for unity result from the mISSIOnary the evangelization of their own peo- work. Human life is held very cheap ple. Recently, at' a Home Mission among the heathen in Melanesia, and meeting in the Presbyterian Church in murders are of frequent occurrence.

the capital city, it was decided to use The death of a chief, the death of a the Home Mission funds already col- loved child, a murder, a death by lected to erect a chapel in Amatitlan. misadventure, all have to be coun- One of the members of the present tered by a further death. The in- little church in Amatitlan a few years troduction of 'Christianity in any vil- ago was a drunkard and a saloon- lage alters all this, and brings se- keeper. When he was converted he curity of life and peace.

cast out the rum and turned his house TMre is no community life into a preaching-place, and for sev- among the native people apart from eral years the Gospel has been that in. the mission villages. The preached there. N ow he has offered heathen live in scattered settlements to give the stone with which to make and know nothing of organized com-

munity life. One of the first effects (hunting and trapping for a living) of Christianity is to gather together to a distant island, to carry the the various scattered family groups, Gospel which had transformed their and to give them a settled habitation own lives.

and a common interest, and thus to promote an outward unity. UPROOTING VICE IN CHICAGO THE GOSPEL AND THE ESKIMO EVERY large city should be en- I N contrast to the statements of couraged and instructed by the recent report of the Chicago Com- some travelers that the Eskimo mittee of Fifteen, that has been fight- should be left alone in their ignorance ing against commercialized vice in and squalor stands the forceful tes- that city. This committee num- timony of Mr. John Firth, a Scotch bers among its members some 0 f officer of the Hudson Bay Company, the ablest and most energetic citizens 'who has been in the north for over of Chicago, including many well- forty years. Bishop Stringer quotes known church people, and the vice his remarks on the changes wrought interests have come to fear the com- by Christianity in the Eskimo. mittee more than any other force in "The Huskies (Eskimo) are as Chicago.

different as light is from darkness The publicity methods have had a compared to a few years ago. They tremendous effect. Hundreds of used to be dishonest and treacherous. houses in the city have been rid of Each man carried two knives, one in immoral women by owners or agents his. boot leg and the other in his who had been indifferent in regard hand, and no one felt safe when to the use of their property or who they were about. They stole what- had been content to receive revenue ever they could lay their hands on. so long as their names were not in- When the Husky boats were seen volved.

coming up the river for their annual The committee attributes much of visit in the summer, everything mov- its Success in the elimination of able was hidden away that could be vicious resorts to the cooperation of stolen. They were openly and real estate owners and agents. Real shamelessly immoral. It would be estate men are acknowledging that it indecent even to attempt to describe is neither good morals nor good busi- the depth of their immorality. ness to permit property under their N ow what a great change! I have control to be used for immoral pur- not heard of any stealing at all of poses. The removal of telephones late. You can trust an Eskimo with from evil resorts has also been a great anything, and morally you would not blow to the traffic.

know they were the same people." Churches and congregations are The change is not simply one of asked particularly to help in the or- moral standards, but is marked by a ganization of new councils, local genuine devotion to ,Christianity. bodies which will cooperate with and The Bishop tells of ten Eskimos who assist the committee in its further agreed to go with a missionary on a work of suppressing commercialized two years' trip, at their own 'expense, VIce. Let other cities take notice.

EVENTS

September 2d to 5th-International Woman's Missionary Society of the Evangelical As- sociation Convention, Marion, Ohio.

9th-The 75th anniversary of the death of Ko-thah-byu, 1840.

October 1st-American Christian Literature Society for Moslems Conference. Ad- dresses by Dr. John R. Mott and Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, New York.

7th-General Conference of the Evangelical Association, Los Angeles, Cal. 12th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Concord, N. H. 12th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Chicago, Ill. 17th to 20th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Buffalo, N. Y. 19th-Provincial Synod Episcopal Church, Sewanee, Tenn. 20th to 22d, 24th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Detroit, Mich. 21st to 27th-National Congregational Council, New Haven, Conn. 24th to 27th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Chicago, Ill. 24th to 27th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Pueblo, Colo. 25th-American Missionary Association Conference, New Haven, Conn. 27th to 29th, 31st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Pittsburgh, Pa, 27th to 29th, 31st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Denver, Colo. 28th-Tenth anniversary, martyrdom of Eleanor Chestnut, China, 1905. 31st to Nov. 3d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Topeka, Kan.

November 2d to 5th-Medical Missionary Conference, Battle Creek, Mich. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Wichita, Kan. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Baltimore, Md. 7th to 10th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Philadelphia, Pa, 7th to 10th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Mitchell, S. Dak. 10th to 12th, 14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Milwaukee, Wis. 10th to 12th, 14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf.. Portland. Me. 14th to 17th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Boston, Mass. 14th to 17th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Cincinnati, O. 16th-Provincial Synod, Protestant Episcopal Church, Richmond, Va. 21st to 28th-Home Mission Week. 28th to Dec. Ist-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Wheeling, W. Va. 28th to Dec. Ist-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Waterbury, Conn. 29th-The 40th anniversary of the opening of Doshisha, Japan, 1875.

December 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Manchester, N. H. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, St. Louis, Mo. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Cleveland, O. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Albany, N. Y. 8th-The 75th anniversary of the sailing of Livingstone for Africa, 1840.

8th to 10th, 12th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Toledo, c>.

About South

South America is nearly 5,000 miles long and 3,000 miles wide in the widest part.

There are ten republics, exclusive of Panama and the Guianas. It has the largest rivers, greatest mountain ranges, and the densest forests of any continent in the world. The Amazon River has 60,000 miles navigable waterway. The River de la Plata is 150 miles wide at its mouth, and it is thirty miles wide in front of the city of Buenos Aires, situated 150 miles up the river. It is notable that a high degree of material progress has been made only where there is a large influence exercised by the outside world. Towns left to themselves make little progress. In nine of the ten republics Spanish is the chief language, in the tenth, Brazil, Portuguese is spoken. In most of the countries there are tribes of Indians who speak different languages. South America has over 300 tribes of Indians, some of whom have come under the domination of the Roman Catholic Church, but many have not yet been reached by either Roman Catholics or Protestants. The population is about 50,000,000, out of which number probably 40,000,- 000 have not heard the Gospel sufficiently intelligently for them to understand. At least they do not give evidence of it in their lives. South America is exceedingly rich in natural resources. Material prosperity is advancing rapidly, and educatIon is being pushed in most of the republics. Nine of the republics have granted religious toleration, and the tenth, Peru, is expected to pass the final stage before very long. From the beginning of Rome's domination of South America every effort has been made by the priests to prevent the spread of evangelical truth. The Bible is pronounced an immoral book which will corrupt the minds of those who read it, consequently the priests seize every opportunity to destroy it. A large percentage of the men are opposed to the Church, and do not believe in the priests or in their teaching. In Brazil there is no state church, tho the Roman Catholic Church is generally recognized. The most bitter opposition comes from the priests. As a rule the governmental authorities encourage, rather than otherwise, all evangelical work. The progress of evangelical work is not limited by law or by opposition, but by the paucity of workers and the lack of sufficient means. In some parts is to be seen the most polished civilization, and in other parts there exist degrading forms of slavery and diabolical atrocities. There is no continent that has so few missionaries for its size and population. In any of the ten countries a missionary could have a city and dozens of towns for his parish. In some of the coqntries he could have one or two provinces without touching any other evangelical worker.

ONE RESULT OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN JAPAN A mass meeting of Sunday~school teachers and pupils, Hebiya Park, Tokyo. April 18, 1915

Christianity Has Done

IS Doing for Japan BY PRESIDENT KAJINOSUKI IBUKA, TOKYO, JAPAN President of the Meiji Gakuin 'ROTESTANT Chris- tianity was not only treason to the state, but also to the family. More mP tian missions first en- than that, it was popularly believed tered Japan a little to be closely allied to sorcery. Fifty more than fifty years years ago a Christian was con- ago. It is true that sidered an enemy to the state, an this is but a short enemy to the family, an enemy to span in the history of Christianity society. or of a nation; but the questions are often asked: 'What is the position of Chris- tianity to-day? The national con- What has Christianity done fo:- stitution, freely. granted by the late Japan during the fifty years no'Y Emperor Meiji, now guarantees freepast? dom of faith. This provision was inserted only after most careful con- What results has it produced upon sideration. I once heard Prince Ito, the thought and life of the people? the framer of the Constitution, de- clare that there was a prolonged and Has it proved of practical value spirited discussion before the article as a power to uplift that thought and was adopted. 'What did its inserlife? tion mean? For centuries Shinto, Buddhism, and Confucianism had all To answer these questions intelli- been recognized as lawful; but Chrisgently it is necessary to look back tianity was a forbidden religion. and compare the general situation Thus, when the Emperor gave the half a century ago with the general Constitution to the nation, it meant situation to-day. It is a well-known that Christianity had passed forever historical fact that fifty years ago from under the ban of the Empire, the old edict prohibiting Christianity and all were free to profess their as" "the Evil Sect" was still in full faith in Christ. A few years ago force. Notice-boards proclaiming when the government called together this stern decree were erected in con- the so-called "Three-Religions Conspicuous places throughout the coun- ference" in Tokyo, seven Christian try. Once in every year the head inin:isters were accorded precisel . of every family was required by law the same treatment as the Shint6 to present to the authorities a written and Buddhist high priests and took statement, endorsed by the Buddhist a leading part in the conference. priest of the parish, declaring that Fifty years ago such a thing would neither he nor any other member not have been considered possible. of the family belonged to "the Eyil Sect." To profess Christi:mity meant death; the barest suspicion of it brought imprisonment. Chris-

Moreaver, there are to-day thou- of ethical and spiritual forces, and in sands of Christians in Japan who them many come to know the truths assemble themselves together on of Christianity and to accept Christ every Lord's day for prayer and for themselves.

praise and the reading and preach- These are things patent to all, and ing of the Word of God. Many of may be pointed to as the visible and these are men and women of standing tangible results of Christianity in in the community-lawyers, physi- Japan.

cians, professors in the universities, But there are also other results, editors of influential newspapers, of- less apparent, it may be, to the ficers in the army and navy, members casual observer, but of vital import- of the National Diet. Two of the ance in rightly estimating the Chris- Presidents of the Diet were Elders tian movement in Japan. I refer to of the Church of Christ in Japan; the molding and creative influence of as is also Judge Watanabe, the J ap- Christianity, as manifested in the anese Chief Justice in Korea. changing ideas and ideals of the There are now in Japan many people. The foll?wing examples will Christian synods and conferences serve as illustrations.

and associations. There are 100,000 Changes Wrought by Christianity Protestant Christians with, perhaps, three times as many more who are al- 1. A striking instance of this in- lied to them by conviction if not by fluence of Christianity is seen in the church-membership. More thap two change effected in the estimate of the hundred congregations support their rights of the individual.

own pastors and do work similar to In old Japan, as in tl).e Roman· that of independent congregations in Empire, the state was every thing, Europe and America. There are and the individual nothing. Only re- I,875 Sunday-schools, with 108,000 cently have Japanese words for per- teachers and pupils; and 8r Young lSon and personalit~ been coined.

Men's Christian Associations, with Loyalty to one's feudal lord was the 8,600 members. The Y. M. C. A. loftiest of virtues; and the history of halls in Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe, Japan is full of memorable examples and Nagasaki are substantial build- of its exhibition. Devotion to the ings, in which an effective work is welfare of the State has not ceased being done. to be a virtue worthy of praise; but, There are many Christian schools along with the old, something new and colleges. Among those for boys has come. The old patriotic devo- and young men are Doshisha In tion remains; but it has been supple- Kyoto, and the Meiji Gakuin, mented by the principle of the rights Aoyama Gakuin, and St. Paul's Col- of the individual. It is recognized lege, in Tokyo. Among those for in the new Civil Code as never pe- girls and young women may be men- fore; and it has changed and is tioned 'Kobe College, the Ferris changing the mind of the people in Seminary, the Joshi Gakuin, Aoyama their thoughts of humanity. Noone Jo Gakuin, and Miss Tsuda's school. can deny that this change is due Such instituti9TI§ a~ these are centers primarily to the teaching and power A VIEW OF DOSH1SHA UNIVERSITY, KYOTO A Chdstian University founded by Joseph .Hardy Neesima, a Japanese Christian of Christ, who first proclaimed with a praiseworthy thing in some in- a new clearness and insistence the stances for a daughter to sacrifice essential equality of men as brothers. her virtue for the benefit of her This is an entirely new doctrine in father or family. Japan. Some years ago Chief-J us- tice Miyoshi declared in a public ad- In Japan, even more than in the dress that while, as a Christian, he West, the family is the unit of so- was still only a novice, he had no ciety; and this carries with it infer- hesitation in affirming that he was ences that still at times bear heavily no longer the same man that he upon women as members of the was before he embraced Christianity. family. Nevertheless, to one who Many of his ideas, he said, had knew the old Japan, the change in undergone a complete change; among the position of woman is a revoluthem those .regarding the individual tion. soul. This is only one example out of thousands. Let Ide quote a paragraph from the Introdur:tion to the translation of 2. Another radical change in the the new civil code by Mr. Gubbins ideas of Chief Justice Miyoshi, of the British Embassy: "In no resbrought about by Christianity, was pect has modern progress in Japan that regarding the position of wo- made greater strides than in the imman. provement of the' position of woman. Tho she still labors under certain It is generally admitted that the disabilities, a woman can n.ow ,beposition of woman in Japan was come the head of a family, and can always superior to that of her sisters exercise authority as such; she can in most other Oriental countries. She inherit and can own property and had a dignity and an influence in the manage it herself; if single or a family unknown elsewhere in Asia. widow, she can adopt; she is one Still her position was very different of the parties to adoption effetted by from that of women in countries her husband, and her consent in adwhose civilization has been largely dition to that of her husband is nemolded by the principles of Chris- cessary to the adoption of her child tianity. by another person; she can aCT as guardian or curator, and she h,.s a Both Buddhism and Confucianism voice in fa:nily councils." teach that woman is essentially inferior to man: she is subject to One who knows the history of the what is called the "threefo~d obedi- Vest know~ well that the position of ence." As a daughter she must obey woman in the Roman 'Empire was her father implicitly; as a wife, her very different from what it is in husband; in her old age, her son. Christendoll1. The improvement in This obedience was an obedience the position of woman was chiefly which might deprive her of the most due then, ;J.S it is now, to the insacred personal. rights. The wife fluence of Christiar,tity. History is who was childless, or who refused to simply repeating itself. obey the most arbitrary command of her father-in-law, might properly be 3. The Christian higher educadivorced. It was even regarded as tion of WOlren is another fact of deep ~ignifiC'llce. To Christian missions belongs the honor of intro- new conceptions of sin, new thoughts ducing the higher education of young of God. women. There are now many government high-schools for girls It is a fact of deep significance throughout the country. There are that such Christian words and two government higher – normal phrases as gospel, faith, temptation, schools for young women, tho as yet resurrection, the kingdom of heaven no colleges. Christian missions, how- have .now become household words, ever, have at least half-a-dozen col- even in non-Christian families. It leges or collegiate departments for is not too much to say that the youhg women. Recently Count rising generation, when it thinks of Okuma, in expressing his apprecia- religion, will have to think of it in tion of the value of Christianity to the terms of Christianity. In fact, Japan, laid especial emphasis on the to-day, when the people speak of fact that the elevation of the position religion (Shukyo) they usually mean of Japanese women was largely due Christianity. Nor is this all; to the to Christianity. more intelligent Japanese Chris- tianity is the only religion that is 4. Another fact which Count lofty in its ideals and in which there Okuma placed to the credit of Chris- is the power to lift men up to those tianity was the introduction of ideals. social refor11'ls and betterment. Among these may be mentioned the Civilization and Christianity temperance movement, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, or- For a number of years there has phanages, work for discharged con- been among the more thoughtful men victs, homes for lepers, rescue homes, a growing conviction that the old etc. There are now in Japan many ethical ideals and sanctions have lo~t such institutions maintained by Bud- their authority. It has also become dhist or other non-Christian societies; manifest that mere growth in knowlbut they did not exist before the en- edge does not bring with it a higher trance of Christianity, and by general spiritual life. The young men of the consent the most successful ones are present generation know far more those carried on by Christians. than their fathers knew, but they do Among these reference may be made not do better. Sometimes it seems to the well-known Okayama Orphan- as if they were doing worse. This age; Mr. Rara's Home for Dis- feeling has been greatly deepened charged Convicts; the rescue work by the recent scandals in the navy of the Salvation Army, and the and among the priesthood of the Christian asylums for lepers. It was largest Buddhist sect; and there is the example of Christians that gave keen consciousness of the need of the impulse to similar enterprises by ethical and spiritual renovation. But non-Christians. where is the new transforming power to be found? Japan has tried to 5. Christianity is bringing into the reap all the fruits of Western civillanguage and literature of Japan ization without Christianity; and the new world-views, new ideals of life, attempt has proved a failure. In science, in the system of education, in the new laws enacted, in the Christianity as the only source of adoption of government under a con– power adequate to the great task of stitution, in commerce, in the organ- a moral renewal Of the people. . This ization and training of the army and is the explanation of such a readiness navy, there has been conspicuous ad- of the people to hear and ponder its vance; but in one vital point there message of faith and hope and love.

has been no corresponding advance. The outlook, therefore, is full of In its moral life Japan has been, if promise; but the great task is stilI anything, retrogressive; and the more to be performed. It should not for thoughtful men are coming to see a nl0ment be supposed that there is that something more than a mere no longer need for missionary work cultivation of the intellect, or the es- in Japan. It is true that there are tablishment of constitutional govern- Japanese churches planted firmly" in ment, or material prosperity, or the soil; but what are one hundred military strength, is necessary for the thousand Christians among fifty mil- true well-being of the nation. lions of non-Christian Japanese, and Therein lies the real significance whose number is increasing year by of the so-called Conference of the year half a million or more? The Three Religions held a few years ago old, deep-rooted, intellectual, social, at the invitation of the Minister of and moral hindrances in the way of Home Affairs. The purpose of that Christianity still remain; and they conference, as described by him, was are now strongly reinforced by the to give expression to the conviction rationalism, the agnosticism, and the of men in authority that religion is materialism of the West. The pre- essential in the life of both the in- sent terrible war between the Chris- dividual and the nation, and to call tian nations of Europe, and the re- upon all who profess religion to re- ports of shameful violations of inter- memuer their responsibilities. The national treaties, and the inhuman fact that Christians were included actions of the contending armies are among the representatives composing setting up a new obstacle in the way the conference was public recognition of the Christianization of the people of ChriStianity as one of the in- of Japan. The work requires new fluential religions of Japan. patience and new courage. Yet, A vigorous nation-wide evangelistic looking over the past fifty years, and campaign is now in progress in remembering all that God has Japan. The meetings are crowded wrought, and looking forward to the with interested listeners, and thou- future with so many of the signs sands of men and women are record- of the times beckoning on, we may ing their names as sincere inquirers go forward with good courage and after the truths of Christianity. This 111 strong confidence that the Land is only another one of the many of the Rising Sun will one day be signs of the times; the people are made the Land of the Risen Sun of turning their eyes and thoughts to Righteousness.

He who has no passion to convert needs conversion.-·ARrHuR T. PIERSON

to Secure Large

SPIRITUAL METHODS OF DEVELOPING ADEQUATE STEWARDSHIP – BY REV. ABRAM E. CORY, CINCINNATI, OHIO Secretary of the Men and Millions M.ovement of the Christian Church · g rea t responsibility GREAT age brings an appeal to mere sentiment; it must be one, the supplying of which is ID• A to the Church and to vital to the world's ongoing. It and great opportunity must be a task with a big human ap- peal. its inIdtiviisduuattlerlymeimm~ bers. The curse of formalism was left possible to supply the demands while to the Church by the Middle Ages.

the old notions of stewardship pre- The note of the twentieth century vail and with the present hesitancy brought to the world by the doctrine on the part of the Church to under- of Christ is a humanitarian note. If take great things. the Church is to fulfil Christ's mis- How can large gifts be secured? sion, and, particularly, if it is to They can not be secured by ma- reach the man who is steeped in chinery, nor by mechanical devices. practical affairs, it, too, must have The reaching of the individual for this note.

large things for God must and can. be The task must also embrace a accomplished by spiritual methods great opportltnity. That individual only. whom we sometimes call the "hard- A Worthy Task headed 1;>usiness man," is one of the The adoption of a worthy task is greatest dreamers 'in the world. He the first step necessary to secure is accustomed, in business, to look large gifts. If the Church is to down an avenue of opportunity, and reach the business man who has suc- to dream of its possibilities. So when ceeded, or the individual who has a task is undertaken by the Church, property, it must speak the language it must have in it an opportunity of large enterprises. Business men that is comparable to the great open- do not hesitate to face the largest re- ings in the business world. When sponsibilities, because they have been the task is formulated, it must not be taught that responsibility and busi- stated in the usual terms of the ness are synonymous. Church, but it must be stated in the The same lesson must be taught by concrete, definite, business terms with the Church. It must make the two whic~ the man of affairs is familiar.

terms synonymous in the mind of Need can be stated in definite terms.

the business man. In order to do The necessity of supplying that need that, care must be taken that the can be put in concrete form. The Church does not deal alone in large possibilities of any proposition can, figures, but in large tasks. The task upon a legitimate basis, be foretold that appeals to the business man as in the business world. Any caIl must be one that anticipates a great for liberality to the Church must have need. Thr need must be more than in it the concrete and the definite.

Given such statements of the task, religion of a man's life rather than there is an appeal to a man's conscience. Thank God, the day is pass- how high is his financial status. ing when an appeal to prejudice will bring money! That strong current Money for the Kingdom will never that is carrying us all toward Christian union has made it ,impossible to come, except in an incidental way, appeal to prejudices. We must appeal to the consciences of men. No from the unprepared. A few men longer can we go to a man and get his money because "our church" is may give in a large way because of planning to do this or that. What he wants to know at once 'is whether he the burden of their wealth, but this· is helping to supply a world needwhether there is an opportunity that is rare. The unprepared possessor is big for God in the things he is undertaking. More enterprises are fail- goes away, as the rich young man ing in this hour because the appeal is to prejudice rather than to the con- went away, sorrowfully. science, than for any other single reason .. The steps of preparation are Last of all, but perhaps most im- many. First, a man must be preportant of all, is the fact that any worthy task which will call forth a pared in his childhood, if possible. worthy response must be a. spiritual task. A real spiritual task is big. How many men whom we meet are A real spiritual ta~k fills a great need. It is humanitarian. It embraces a saying, "These terms are new to me, great opportunity. It can be stated in concrete, definite terms. It ap- for while my father was a man of peals to the conscience, and not to the prejudice. It is a task that links wealth, his giving to the Church was with it the names of Christ and God as naturally as any business propo- only very incidental and very measition connects business terms. ger !" ·When we meet the rare indi- The Prepared Giver vidual whose parents were liberal With a worthy task, we can go to the prepared giver. How often we and who gave in a large way for God, have failed to realize that before money is secured there must be the the increase is natural. prepared giver! We have thought that the estimate of Bradstreet or One of the greatest drawbacks at Dunn was the necessary thing. That hour is past. The time has come the present time to prepared giving, when we must know how real is the is the timidi#y of the average preach- er. The preaching of a man on this question can almost instantly be de- termined by the standards of stew- ardship that preva:il in his congrega- tion. The preacher who apologizes when he mentions money for the Kingdom is one of the surest culti- vators of stinginess. On the other hand, the pastor who speaks in clear and forceful tones on the need and opportunity of the world, and of a man's responsibility toward it, and of the continual responsibility, that a man has in his relation to money- that pastor will cultivate real stew- ardship. .

It is a peculiar fact that a great many business men hav~wor1d vis- ions in everything except the King- dom of God, and yet the biggest things that are moving out in the

9 1 5] HOW TO SECURE LARGE

world are the enterprises of God. with the passion that knows no de- When the Church speaks a world- nial. The man who is prepared with language and practises a world-citi- a passion like this can accomplish zenship, then the man of wealth will what otherwise would seem superbe prepared with a world-vision. human. Large giving depends more upon vision than, perhaps, upon any other He must go with a great sympathy one thing. toward the man he approaches. Many times men go into the office or into The call of the Master for the lift- the home of the man of affairs, ed eyes to the harvest ripeness is the thinking only of their own viewpoint, call in this present hour. The giver and not thinking sympathetically of must be prepared by love for the the other man's attitude. The Church work. Men love their money. They often shelters its messengers, and love what it will bring them. They they are unconscious of the crush will not let go of this money unless and temptation of the man in the there is a corresponding love for the business world. They think that beworld-task. Exceptions may occur, cause a man can write a check for a but we must recognize that the mem- large sum of money, he should do it bers of the Church are not giving at once. They fail to remember the adequately, and they must be brought adjustments, the curtailments, and to these high ideals. the embarrassments that such a gift may mean. The greatest preparation that can be made by any man is the prepara- A man of large affairs, worth miltion of prayer. The man who gives lions, said recently: "I believe I am in a large way must be a man who harder up than that day-laborer yonprays and broods and knows. der." I think it was true. The de- mands upon him were far greater, The Prepared Messenger according to his resources, than upon the laborer in the street. Compara- The man who goes to a man of tively speaking, the man with milthis kind must be a prepared messen- lions was more embarrassed financialger. How many times men who are ly than the man with nothing. dreaming over the things of the Kingdom of God have been repulsed The messenger must go with a by the unprepared messenger! God knowledge of his task. He must imhas always used men in mighty en- press the business man as being efterprises who have been prepared for ficient and exp:ert. His information special tasks. In leading the Church must be definite, and no matter what to the larger stewardship, there must unexpected questions are put to him, be the preparation of the messenger. he must have such a knowledge of He must be prepared by a life of his task that nothing can surprize him prayer. No man can go to this task and the merest detail can be anunless his very life is immersed in swered at once. When he goes, be prayer. If he fail in this his mes- must talk a direct language, but it sage must, of necessity, have a false must be God's language. It must note. It will not ring out with God- have dignity and power in it. possibilities. He' must go consumed One of the greatest curses in the

wl:lOle question of giving is that we unto you," there has been the neceshave approached it either in joking sity for the Church to believe this. or in an apologetic method. Recently N at only a belief in prayer is necesa man went to a man's office, and sary, but there must be the vital pracsaid: "I have come to pull your leg." tise of prayer. The Church long ago He went to a man who had been formally accepted all of the prinpraying over a great task. He went ciples of prayer in their relation to to a man who was anxious to talk in comfort and to sorrow, but it has spiritual terms about the thirtgs of not accepted prayer in its vital relathe Kingdom. This man was so tion to its gigantic enterprises. It is chilled that he made a negative reply at this point that the enterprises of to the request. the business world and the enterprises of the Church must separate. The 'The same methods of considera- enterprises of the Church must have tion that are used in the business all of the careful planning, all of the world, the same appeal to the intel- sagacity, all of the looking forward lect, should be used by the messenger that business enterprises have, but, of God. The business world is avoid- in addition to 'these, they must have ing high-pressure methods, and when power back of them, and that power it comes to the Kingdom of God these can come alone from prayer. same high-pressure methods must be carefully avoided. In dealing with a The practise of prayer is an abman who is thinking of giving to the 'solute requisite to the securing of Kingdom of God there must be the large gifts. Prayer must permeate greatest gentleness-the gentleness of the individual messenger. Prayer the Christ must fill the heart of the must permeate the giver, and the messenger. If the man is rude or whole Church must be in prayer for gruff, that should call out even more any enterprise that is to succeed for gentleness and sympathy. When the God. messenger leaves the man's office, he should always have the privilege of Obstacles to Larger Giving coming back. The man with whom he is dealing should be left with a Even when there is a worthy task, desire to see him again and anxious a prepared giver, a prepared messento consider again the whole work of ger, and the whole enterprise per- (he Kingdom. meated by prayer, there are still ob- stacles to be confronted. The gen- The Power of Prayer eral principle must be accepted, that men do not give easily. Men's life's Those who are seeking gifts must heart and blood is wrapt up in their recognize one power. They must money, and it must be a tremendous recognize the power of prayer. The motive that causes men to let go of enterprises of the Church that have their money. The excuses that a failed, can, in most cases, be marked man may give are many. They are either by the lack of prayer or by plausible. They are excuses that apthe lack of faith in prayer. From the peal to his reason, that his friends hour that Christ said on the moun- accept, and that his family urges, and tain-side: "Ask and it shall be given to get back of these there must be a • tremendous motive power.

TO SECURE LARGE

One of the most frequent excuses man dissatisfied with that which is given is the one of a man's obligation wrong in his present standards. to his family. That is a legitimate consideration, but it is not legitimate Another common and frequent exbeyond a certain point. The messen- cuse is that a man is in debt. The ger should have courage to recog- messenger should have the courage nize a man's real obligation to his to ask him what his debts reprefamily, but he should also point out sent? What do they mean? Are that too' high standards of living, they not to make him richer, to intoo much money, and too much ease crease his holdings? Then, over may lead to enervation and to disas- against that, the question should be ter. asked, gently and kindly, "Is nbt the real question not how much of my Following this comes the excuse of money will I give to God, but how the need of a man's money in busi- much of God's money will I keep ness. This is one of the most difficult for myself?" that there is to answer. A man urges his business needs. Again the ques- A messenger went into a business tion is-Shall all of a man and all man's office, and on inquiry from him that represents that man be given to as to how much another man had his business until it is too late for given, replied that he was not able to him to recognize other needs and to give because he was in debt. The enjoy the supplying of them? business man, who is one of the most gentle and polite in the world, struck Another excuse frequently met, is the table and said: "That is a false the standards of living. Many a man standard. The man who is able to will .say, "I can not give with my borrow for himself should borrow present standard of living. Recently, for God," he said. "I have just bor- I was in the office of a man whose rowed four thousand dollars to inface actually worked with emotion as crease my business; I a.m going to he said, "I want to give, I long to put up collateral and borrow that give; but here is my income and much for the work of God in Chihere is my outlay. I have no de- na." And he did. fense for the outlay," he added. "I have built a house far beyond our It takes courage to preach a revoneeds. We have entered a society lutionary doctrine like that. Men that makes its demands upon us far will shrink from it and try to combeyond our income; yet what am I bat it, but is it not right? to do?" And with tremendous em~ tion he remarked, "I would give any- Another reason frequently given is thing if I had the courage to change the many calls that come. This is my standard of living." one of the most difficult reasons to answer and one most frequently The messenger who goes to a man made. The man who makes an exlike this must deal with him with the CLlse like this must be shown that the tenderness of a woman; but, at the present cause is a paramount one, same time, he must leave a note in and that it has in it greater opporhis heart that will forever make the tunities for investment for God than any other.

In going to men, it is often re-

marked that they really are different Begin by getting a man to praymen in their offices than they are In that is one of the most necessal'Y the church or in their homes. A things in giving. A man who had great business man, recently, in a given fifty thousand dollars on a milmeeting with his friends-a man who lion-dollar enterprise, said to a mesis warm-hearted in his Christianity- senger one day, with tremendous confest very frankly that this was emotion: "If you can keep me praytrue, that men of business affairs ing you will get my money." This really lead two existences. He said, man went one morning, months later, "I know that at home and at church to a prayer-meeting, which he led. I am gentle and considerate, but, He came out of that prayer-meeting somehow, at the office the drive of with a tender heart. He was apthe business machine controls me and proached on the question of giving a manipulates me, and takes me out of million dollars. He did not give it myself." quickly, but he went quietly to the study of God's word and to weeks of In going to men we must meet prayer. It was out of the months them at a time when the best of that were 'back of him, it was out of their life is uppermost, and we must the immediate hour of prayer beiore be able to call out from them the the suggestion was made, it was out best that is in their lives. of the prayer that followed, that led him to decide to give a million dol- These excuses many times seem lars for God. All the objections that insurmountable, but over against have been urged above could have them is the power of Christ worktng been urged by this man. He was in in the heart. debt a million dollars. His busidess needs were pressing upon him. The The Triumphs of Stewardship calls were endless, yet on his knees, praying over the world's needs and First of all, the man solicited the world's opportunity, these various should be shown the unexpected re- excuses sank into insignificance, and turns that many times come from a the real task and his obligation to gift. Four years ago a girl heard the God were sup.eme. appeal for a Bible-college building in China. It was a simple appeal for Another great object that must be one specific enterprise. It was not continually urged is the relation of connected with any great movement. the giver to those who have gone be- It called out from this girl's heart a fore. A woman whose husband had liberal response. This gift moved her been a doctor was considering what church until from that simple gift of memorial she could leave for her hussix thousand dollars it went out to band. She thought of a marble shaft, raise a million for foreign missions, and a great many other things apand other millions for other enter- pealed to her, when the world's need prises. A story like this to a busi- was laid upon her heart. At first she ness man, showing returns, and how thought she could give five hundred giving provokes giving in others, will dollars, then, later, the larger appeal answer many objections that may came to her, and she gave thousands seem to him in the beginning insurmountable.

TO SECURE LARGE GIFTS

of dollars to build a hospital in Af- business. He was not a man of rica, that the name of her husband very large wealth, but .one who and the name of his Lord should be would be rated only as a man of linked together to the end of time. moderate means. This man said, "I am sorry you have come, yet at the The messenger seeking gifts should same time I am glad. My judgment make a call to sacrifice. The supreme tells me that I ought not to give gift of the world's history should be anything~ but my conscience says that constantly upon his lips, and the im- I must. I am going to give you mediate sacrifices that men and wo- two thousand dollars now, and if men are making in this critical hour you wm come in the spring I feel should be told frequently to those very sure that I can increase this to who are considering gifts of their five thousand." money. Many times the messenger will not need to make his request. No argument of the messengers The prepared heart will be making could have brought about this decidecisions before he comes. SIon. It was the prepared conscience alone that could work in this way A woman recently came to a mes- on this man's heart. senger of a great enterprise and said, "I wonder if you are discouraged." In contrast to him how different The messenger confest that under was the other man who had come' the terrible strain there were certain fo the end of his day. His daughter discouragements. The woman said, was in a great college and had ap- "I had intended to give a tenth of pealed to him to endow a chair in my principal. I am worth one hun- the college. The pledge was made dred thousand dollars. But now that out and his family all wanted him to God has laid the matter so heavily sign it. His hands shook as he upon my heart I am going to give reached with the pen to sign it, and one-half. I have family obligations, then, torn with emotion, he laid but when I think of what women down the pen and said, "I can't do are doing in Belgium and in other it. I have had the money too long. countries for their countries' sake, I I simply must keep it. I suppose I feel that I would indeed be unworthy .shall go into my grave with it. Oh, if I gave less than one-half to my that I had had a different training Lord." and a different vision." He said, "I want to do it but my will will not The working of conscience in let me." If back of that man had people who have accumulated wealth, been preparation of the conscience leading them to give a legitimate and prayer, his answer would have share to God, is one of the greatest been different. aids to larger stewardship. It goes many times far beyond what even Very often when we go to a man the messenger would ask. In a criti- and ask him to give, we think that cal time last Autumn, when the he has not given according to his stress and burden of business affairs meam. Frequently this is true, but were trying, messengers went to a we know that a. man will and can man who was known to be losing give only according to his vision and one hundred dollars a day in his his light. Vie must remember that

there is growth in giving, and what the first five hundred. Giving is one a marvelous growth it is! A point of the most contagious things in the that must be continually emphasized world. is that a gift is but the beginning of larger and better things. Com- Any campaign should be conpare two campaigns conducted by cerned not only with the large one of the great denominations in givers, but it should seek also those America. It can be seen from a of moderate income. A girl in few cases how giving increased. Chicago gave until it kept her from securing clothing that she needed. In the first campaign a man gave Her pastor protested and the leaders fifty thousand dollars; in the second, of the movement in which she was a million dollars. inter~sted practically refused to ac- cept what she gave, and then she In the first campaign, a woman in said, "Do you know that my interest Texas gave a thousand dollars; in in these larger things is all that keeps the second, one hundred thousand. me from the street ? You do not, know what it means that I can have In California a man gaTe five a part in things like this." thousand dollars in the first campaign and thirty thousand in the All of these cases bring us to second. brief but definite conclusions that giving must never be mechanical, In Colorado a woman gave ten that no pressure but the pressure of thousand dollars in the first cam- Christ's love must ever be put upon paign and one hundred thousand in the life, that the call of the Church the second. must be as big as the world, and that with the world's needs before In Ohio a family gave thirty thou- the Church, the Church must be sand dollars in the first campaign driven to its knees. Truly, the only and one hundred and five thousand way of caring for the world's need in the second. in this crisis-hour in world affairs, IS, as III ancient days, "Not by In Kentucky a man gave five hun- might nor by power, but by my dred dollars in the first campaign spirit, saith the Lord of Hosts." and five thousand in the second, and he informed the messenger that he had given to other things another five thousand dollars since he gave m~ 'JLe~ger The Slipshod Giver The Systematic Giver Spent for Myself For My Lord Sold Corn for $400.00 One·tenth set Cost of rais- aside for the Big Sunday My Missionary Lord's work. $16.50 Dinner ….. $ 5.00 Offering for ing it ….. 300.00 the Year. 50 Cents Entertaining Net gain .. $100.00 My Club…. 2.50 Butter and I Candy. Sodas, Eggs •….. 15.00 Cigars, etc… 10.00 My salary this month ….. 50.00 $17.50 I $165.00 I Which of these looks like a page from your Ledger?

Be honest enough with yourself and with your God to put down in black and white your expenditures, and see what share God! gets from you. -ALVA MARTIN KERR, in The Christian MissioIJary

-+4H_.,~"'" H.",,-

~D … C64rtI…'….., •• JI&I' ~ …..ort.nt~ ~!'r!!!,~.!!.~ ~t!!!~!!

!!:!~.~~ JJ 'II ,.. .A DR. R. H. GLOVER'S JOURNEY TO "THE ROOF OF THE WORLD." ARROWS INDICATE DIRECTioN A Trip to the Roof of the World A MISSIONARY JOURNEY TO THE TIBETAN BORDER AND BACK BY REV. R. H. GLOVER, M.D. Foreign Secretary of the Christian and Missionary Alliance , II'TIHE plateau of which Shensi, Kansu, and Szechuan. It Tibet is the center has would be difficult to map out in any other country a tour · offering equal . appropriately bee n variety of features and experiences.

~ I.. called "the roof of the 'hie spent seventy-five days in actual travel by railway, mule-chair, ~ world." The writer's mule-litter, horseback, sedan chair, native boats, and river steamer. In recent journey to the addition to members of the Christian and Missionary Alliance we met with eaves of that roof, on the Kansu- II5 missIonaries; representing nine ~ocieties, at 22 centers. Tibetan border, was for the purpose Sights by the Way of visiting the China-Tibetan Border There were many interesting va- Mission of the Christian and Mis- rieties of landscape, soil, products, food, customs, etc. Proceeding sionary Alliance, in S: W . Kansit northward from Hankow by rail, the low Yangtsze flats soon gave place and the adjacent province of Ando to higher, rolling country, until paddy fields had altogether disappeared and in Outer Tibet. we saw great fields of millet, kao'l- iallg (sorghum), buckwheat, sesamum Hankow, the large and growing Yangtsze river-port, 700 miles in- land from Shanghai, is the point of transhipment and distribution for missionaries and their supplies to the great interior provinces north, west and southwest. Our route, which occupied four months and cov- ered 3,200 miles, took us through five of China's provinces: Hupeh, Honan,

and beans. A pleasing fact was tlIat with the thermometer only a trifle we found no vestige of poppy where above zero. till recently it was one of the main crops. Further north and west in The route from Kansu to Szechuan, Honan and Shensi were vast stretches over the high watershed separating of cotton, wheat and other hardy the great valleys of the Yellow and grains, with here and there beautiful Yangtsze Rivers, is seldom traveled orchards of pear, persimmons and by foreigners. It was in the face of walnut. Between were ranges of warnings as to desperately hard high hills of the loess formation of roads, wretched inns, poor food and light-brown clay, in the sides of lurking robbers that we decided to which live thousands of cave-dwell- attempt it. The predictions proved ers. Some of these hills rise sheer true. On the narrow, uneven and from the plain to a great height, precarious path along rocky ledges with perpendicular walls. Others re- of precipices, sometimes at dizzy semble castles or forts, or rise in heights, a misstep by horse or m:m receding tiers with several rows of would spell disaster if not death. cave-dwellings one above another on Even with a sure-footed horse it was succeeding ledges. Heavy rains at expedient to walk fully one-third o'f times convert the roads into veritable the way. The scenery at every canals of mud a foot or more deep; turn of the deep, lonely canyon was and again the long dry season fur- majestic. nishes dust which well-nigh chokes and stifles the traveler. We fre- At a busy mart called Pi-k'eo, a quently met long caravans of heavily few miles north of the Kansuladen carts and pack-mules, and in Szechuan border, we secured space these narrow cuts passing is a task on a native medicine-boat to travel which taxes to the limit the strength down a swift tributary of the Kiaof mule, the ingenuity (and, inci- ling and had a thrilling experience dentally, also, the bad language) of of shooting rapids. For the first driver and the nerves of traveler. eighty miles not a stroke of an oar was taken to propel the large boat, Carts are no longer of use when the entire energies of a crew of we reach the high mountains of east- twenty-six men being devoted to ern Kansu, and pack-mules, donkeys, steering the craft safely through the and horses take their place. The sta- roaring waters by means of a huge tions of the Christian and Missionary sweep at the bow and two smaller Alliance vary in altitude from 6,500 ones at the sides. to g.,500 feet. The climate is cold, dry and invigorating, the soil only At Paoning, where the Tung-kiang meagerly productive, the population empties into the Kialing River, the sparse. We crossed at least three boat was exchanged for sedan-chair, ranges in Southern Kansu (some- and a ten-day trip brought us to the times called the Alps of China), at Yangtsze at Vanhsien, 320. miles :!. height' of between' II,OOO . and above Ichang. The beautiful country 12,000 feet, the last one in early was studded with densely peopled December in a driving snowstorm citi«s and busy' markets, which con- trasted sharply with bare and sparsely populated Kansu. The re- A GLIMPSE OF THE ROAD THROUGH A GORGE IN SOUTHERN KANSU

maining 700 miles lay down the fa- caprice, cruelty, and passion. When mous and magnificent gorges of the shall all these lonely sheep hidden in Yangtsze to Ichang and thence by the caves of Shensi or wandering on steamer to Hankow. Again and the mountains of Kansu hear the again have missionary parties been Good Shepherd's voice? Who with wrecked and suffered the loss of all patient love will tell them of Him their goods in the rapids, tho for- and lead them to His fold? "And tunately no missionary life has ever obher sheep I have," we seem still been lost. to hear Him saying softly, "them The Mission Field also I must bring." Must He? Then some one who belongs to Him must The impression which stamps it- be His messenger.

self most forcibly of all upon the The only two missions at work mind of a missionary vIsItor to in Kansu are the China Inland Mis- China's remote interior must be that sion and the Christian and Mission- of the overwhelming evangelistic ary Alliance. The former has two need that still exists. On one sec- stations in the southeast, but the tion of the journey alone, from the larger portion of its work lies in the end of the railway to the first sta- north. Recently its workers have tions in Kansu we passed at least penetrated far beyond the boundary eight or nine walled cities, not to of the province into the New Do- speak of very many smaller places, rJlinion. The Christian and Mission- all of which still remain unmanned ary Alliance field is that section of and almost wholly unworked. This Kansu west of the rao River and was only on one direct line of south of the Yellow River, altho it march. The map showed several has two main stations and several times this number if a strip of a few outstations slightly to the east of tens of miles on either side of this the T'ao. Its aim has been to occupy route was included. the border towns as 'bases for opera- If it is true that from 70 to 80 tions into Tibet. The chief Chinese per cent. of China's population lives cities at present worked are Titao, in the country, not in cities or K'ung-ch'ang, Minchow, Kaichow towns, what further emphasis does and Taochow New City. Taochow this give to the unmet need of the Old City constitutes a combined millions of this people! Never be- Chinese and Tibetan station; Hochow fore was the burden of compassion a center for work equally among and concern for darkened heathen Chinese and Mohammedans, while souls rolled quite so heavily upon the town of Chane and the villages our heart. There was such a pathos of Lu-pa and Hsien-ti, across the that spoke of unsatisfied longing in border, are wholly Tibetan.

many faces which we scanned, par- Kansu presents serious race prob- ticularly those of the poor women lems. Chinese, Mohammedans and Ti- with tJ:1eir cheerless life of drudgery, betans living in close proximity and the patient sufferers of a lot in relations one with another are yet which they have had no choice, and quite distinct in race, religion, and to too often the undefended victims of a large extent in language. More

A TRIP TO THE ROOF OF THE

THE WORK OF "WHITE WOLF"-A CORNER OF T'AOCHOW AFTER A RAID BY THE CHINESE BANDIT

than this-and a fact which enters An Liang, said to be at once the seriously into missionary work-they richest and the most influential man cordially dislike and suspect one an- in Kansu.

other. We were profoundly imprest with The Chinese are much the most this place as a strategic center for numerous, but they may be passed by work among Moslems in Kansu, and without special mention as being no have ever since continued to pray different from their fellows in the for some strong, consecrated man other provinces, except perhaps in who will fit himself as a specialist their greater illiteracy and frugality for such work, which must be reof living, for Kansu is a most back- garded and treated as a distinct enward province. terprise in itself if it is to be made a success. The pronounced antipathy Of a total population of ten mil- existing between Chinese and Molions in all Kansu the Mohammedans hammedans makes joint gospel work probably constitute two millions. for the two classes unsatisfactory. The large majority of them are Chin- We were told that in Hochow feuds ese speaking, and while possessing are frequent and bitter. Deeply ima slight sprinkling of Persian blood bedded in the Moslem heart is a they are, through intermarriage and hatred of Chinese dominancy and a long residence among the Chinese, cherished hope some day to shake off fully assimilated, except in religion. the yoke. Those who know the There are also Turkish Mohamme- situation most intimately have grave dans, commonly called salas, num- fears that the Mohammedans III bering over 100,000, and Mongolian Mohammedans, numbering between 150,000 and 200,000. In the part of Kansu are only waiting for some fa- Kansu under consideration they vorable opportunity to rise in rebel- occupy mainly three counties, but lion for which they have long been their greatest center of population is preparing, and that should trouble Hochow, the city toward which the elsewhere in the republic provide late William W. Borden was looking. such opportunity by diverting China's We spent two days there visiting attention and calling away her Kansu the outstation of the Christian and troops there would follow in that Missionary Alliance, whose twenty province a time of bloodshed which or thirty local converts are all would be terrible indeed. May God Chinese. Hochow is a large, busy postpone the day!

and up-to-date city. The district The Tibetan province of Ando, within the walls is almost entirely adjoining Kansu, has a population of occupied by Chinese, while that out- about one million, and the Tibetans side, constituting by far the most within the present field of the Chris- important business section, is as ex- tian and Missionary Alliance along clusively in the hands of Mohamme- the border constitute about one- dans, who have, here as everywhere quarter of that number. There are else, captured the biggest part of the many separate tribes, such as the trade. This city is the home of the Golok, T'eh-pu, Chone, Drokwa, and famous Mohammedan General Ma Black Tibetans. They are wild,

A TRIP TO THE ROOF OF THE WORLD

sturdy farmers and hunters, and and other regular methods as in many of them fierce robbers. Edu- China. Thus far the work has concation and morality are on a sadly sisted of longer and shorter tours low level among them. The popu- among the villages, following provilation, unlike that of China, is on dential openings, and these tours have the decrease, the chief cause being been the means of steadily breaking the prevailing custom of all but one down SuspICIOn and prej udice in of the sons of a family entering the general and of forming not a few priesthood, leaving the remaining one warm individual friendships which to keep up the homestead and con- have in turn led on to an exchange tribute to their support. The gross of visits of several days' duration at ignorance, open debauchery and the missionary station and in village abominable secret sins which so homes.

CROSSING THE SNOW-CLAD MOUNTAINS IN KANSU. 1l,()()O FEET HIGH, IN ZERO WEATHER largely dominate the life of the The Tibetans are as hospitable to Tibetan monasteries are notorious, their friends as they are hostile to while their absolute control of the their enemies, and entertain their people stultifies and depraves the guests royally. The mIssIOnaries entire community, and makes it have most willingly adapted themdoubly hard for a Tibetan to confess selves to the social tendencies of the Christ. people by providing ample guest- rooms and entertainment for visitors Missionary work under such con- on their stations. During our ditions is obviously attended with twelve days' stay at T'aochow we many difficulties. The fact, too, that met a number of Tibetan guests the population is scattered in small from various Pflrts, a few from villages, with no centers of any size places thirty or forty miles distant. except the main monasteries, pre- We in turn enj oyed the unique exvents the employment of street-chapel

THE ASSEM BLY HALL. CHONE TIBETAN MONASTERY perience of two days' visiting in the H is name Aku Cherul has the dighomes of several Tibetan friends. nified meaning of "Uncle Rotten Dog," but he is a man of real promi- Leaving T'aochow at daybreak nence, and well-to-do, being the and crossing the beautiful, clear- headman over several villages in the watered T 'ao River on one o f the valley. characteristic ferry-boats pulled across on a h<:avy rope cable, we We were, however, ushered into rode over a range of hill s skirting his spacious house, and in a few minthe river and entered a lovely, fer- utes he himself appeared, his intile valley dotted with villages. At stincts of hospitality for the time our approach on horseback scores of overcoming his religiou s devotions. fine pheasant and other gam e fl ew ;Ve were agreeably surprized at the up from the grassy roadsides. The fine character of this and several villages were straggling affairs, each other Tibetan homes we visited home being encloseci by its own high among the upper class. The main wall. In a n open space in the first apartment, where we were received, village we came upon a large group was large and attractively appointed, of women squatting on the ground the walls being finished with panelturning prayer-wheels and chanting ling of polished boards in dark color. a weird, monotonous air. This an- A large, well built k'amg or raised nounced the fact that we had come platform, overlaid with pretty and on a dumb-fast day, when a large costly rugs of Mongolian wool, did proportion of the villagers, from re- double service as sitting-room and ligious motives, were abstaining dining-room for the guests. There from speaking and eating. We we sat cross-legged around a low questioned if the host who had in- table laden with yiands, which invited us would be free to receive l1S. cluded a steaming leg of fine mut-

5] A TRIP TO THE ROOF OF THE

ton, bowls of rich milk, cups of tea cular form, as we observed when he into which big lumps of butter were at times thrust out a bare arm and dropt, honey, and a big dish of shoulder from his great single garbarley flour from which each guest ment of sheepskin girdled at the was supposed to help himself and waist. His head was surmounted with the aid of butter knead his cake with a huge fur cap. Such, with the of indispensable tsamba. The food addition of high skin boots, constiwas prepared in a well-ordered kit- tutes the common dress of both chen in one corner of the same apart- sexes the whole year round in that ment, furnished with a liberal array bracing climate. Aku Cherul was for of iron and brass utensils. The whole a time a bitter enemy and opponent p'ace had an air of affluence and of th~ missionaries, but like many DR. GLOVER WITH CHRISTIAN ANP MISSIONARY ALLIANCE CHINESE EVANGELISTS IN KANSU Pf..OVTNCE even a measure of refinement. Four others has become their staunch women of the family busied them- friend, even tho as yet he has selves waiting on us. They were shown no sign of repentance and robust and pleasant-faced, and their faith in Christ. plaited hair was heavily adorned with brass and silver ornaments. They It was deep1y impressive to hear acted with much more freedom than him and several other influential vil- Chinese women, and readily assented lagers plead that day, as we sat toto posing on the flat roof of the gether on the k'ang, that Messrs. house for a photograph. Christie and Ruhl, the two mission- aries whom they knew best and who Our host himself was an inter- were to be transferred for a time esting study. He was a good deal to Chinese stations because of shortabove. middle age and gray, but still age of workers, might be allowed vigorous and in the finest of mus- to remain in· their district. There

was no mistaking the genuineness of has as yet f~w, but it was most entheir regard for these men and their couraging to find that those few were desire for their continued friendship. of the right type. The first of them This fact in itself was very gratify- was an ordained Buddhist priesting and hopeful. Nowhere have we the only priest as yet converted in ever enjoyed heartier hospitality than that disfrict. He heard the Gospel from those rough Tibetan friends. eight years before receiving it, and We bade a reluctant farewell after for some time showed great hatred the customary exchange of presents. and opposition. After conversion he Theirs included two whole drest was nicknamed "the foreigner's dog," sheep among other things, each in- and was much persecuted' by the dividual's gift being accompanied by priests. He is now sixty-two years a "scarf of friendship" of delicate old. has been a faithful and loyal pale-blue watered silk. When finally Christian, and as a servant of differwe came away, old Aku Cherul ent missionaries off and on for eighinsisted on mounting a spirited- horse teen years he has never been known and escorting us a mile or two. to steal or cheat a cash-worth. An: other member at Chone was sus- Even in some of the monasteries pended by his thumbs for refusing an entrance has been gained and to take part in village idolatries, his friends have been won. We were skin garment was removed and a accorded a courteous reception in company marched round him beatthe Chone monastery, where 500 ing him with willow switches. His priests reside, and were shown flock of sheep, gun and other things through most of its buildings. There have been taken from him and he we had cordial talks with the pre- has three times had to flee for his siding "Living Buddha" and the life. But in spite of all this he still official who superintends the printing remains faithful. of the sacred books. The latter presented us with a bulky copy of one After a long series of interrupof the Buddhist classics in Tibetan tions and numerous drawbacks in the character, and showed us through work; due to disturbed conditions, the printing establishment. One of this field, specific troubles such as copy of the Buddhist Bible in Tibetan the Boxer uprising, the Revolution of consists of 108 volumes, making 19II and the White Wolf raids, and four pack-mule loads, and costs the to contingencies in the missionary equivalent of about $450 American staff, a more aggressive advance into money. The Commentary on the this needy and attractive Tibetan same is approximately double in bulk field is being prayerfully planned, and price. In one year's working with the assurance that God is leadseason only three copies of these two ing the way and will crown the sets of books can be produced by efforts with fruitful results. the twenty-two printers employed. The Chinese section of the work Tibetan Converts in this field, while in a measure similarly affected by the above-men- Of baptized Tibetan converts the tioned conditions, has had a very Christian and Missionary Alliance

A TRIP TO THE ROOF OF THE

DR. GLOVER AND T WO TYPICAL TIBETA NS OF ANDO PROVINCE The man on the left carries a sword in hj ~ girdle, and the man on .the right holds a gun real measure of blessing. Several dued, and are proving a great hundreds have been received into strength to the work. Several of the churches on clear evidence of a them are men of literary degree, and change of heart and life, and at the some have sacrificed good positions present time there are signs of a to enter the ministry. One resigned larger number turning to the Lord from a yamen secretaryship to bein every station. A score of staunch come at first a humble colporteur 011 Chinese evangelists have been called less than one-fourth his former out, well-trained and spiritually en- salary. Now, as an earnest evan-

gelist, he still receives only. about our hand" in her two wrinkled ones one-third. told in a broken voice how the young Two features of this work are im- son had wearied out their united at- pressive and stimulating. One is the tempts to break his faith and had re- absence throughout its history of at- mained a consistent Christian and tempts on the part of the native become a rebuke to them all. He is workers to use the Mission name or slowly but surely leading his whole influence in lawsuits in which mem- family to Jesus Christ. Thank God bers or candidates were involved. that the martyr spirit and the saintly The danger and detriment of this life are not things of the past alone.

sort of thing to the Church of Christ They still lie latent in the breast of in China in past years is well-known many a poor heathen of crude, un~ to every missionary. The strong, promising exterior, if only the consistent stand against such a temp- obedience of Christ's followers in tation on the part of these Kansu Christian lands will provide them the workers has had its most salutary chance to be born and developed.

effect upon the quality of enquirers Only a few months before our and church-members, and has won visit the Kansu Mission had passed for the work the respect and good- through two experiences of suffering will of the native officials and high- and peril, the first at the hands of minded section of the communities. the notorious brigand White Wolf The other feature is Jhe fact that and his f1endish followers, the second with few if any exceptions the con- in the form of a murderous night verts have been subjected to severe attack of a band of 160 wild Tibetan persecution for their confession of robbers of the T'eh-pu tribe. For the Savior. Some have been cruelly two weeks or more, going and re- beaten by relatives; others have been turning, we followed in the track of ejected by their clans; others dis- White Wolf's depredations, and were possest of lands and property. In appalled at the sight of the ruthless one of the outstations we met a devastation wrought all along the particularly attractive, modest Chris- route. But the climax was only tian young man, and learned that reached in the Christian and Mission- not only had he been frequently ary Alliance field of South Western kicked and cuffed by his father and Kansu, and the cities of Minchow eldest brother but when he persisted and T'aochow in particular. In the in attending the Gospel services his partial destruction of the former city own mother in a frenzy of wrath had the mission's property was laid in driven him from the chapel and pub- ruins. The missionaries, Rev. Wm.

licly stoned him down the village and Mrs. Christie and little daughter street, stopping barely short of kill- and Misses MacKinnon and Haup- ing him. That old mother came to berg, escaped death by a marvelous meet us on our visit, insisted on our chain of Divine providences. Every taking breakfast in her home the vestige of their earthly belongings morning we started away, and as we except the clothing they wore at the sat partaking of the family's humble time was destroyed, and they with a fare she came dose up and taking group of native Christians were fugitives for eight days upon the selves to the task of comforting the mountains, compelled to beg for food sorrowing, feeding the hungry, and and subsist upon fare hardly fit for in the face of imminent danger to animals. Two male Christians were their own lives from threatening killed and several Christian women typhus, treating and nursing as best captured and subjected to shameful they could the wounded and sick abuse. ones. God mercifully preserved their At T'aochow and Chone the mis- lives and used them to save the lives sionaries receiving a day's notice of hundreds who, but for the mis- were able to escape across the T'ao sionaries' kind succor would have into Tibet. The mission's premises perished. More than this, He has at Chone were unharmed; those at turned these awful experiences to T'aochow were partially destroyed. account for the Gospel, and the Never have we beheld another such practical demonstration of the Sa- scene of devastation wrought by evil vior's love through His followers'

men as that which greeted us at 1111111stry has made a deeper impres- T'aochow Old City. In one brief sion all through the district than but awful night between 8,000 and perhaps anything else could have 10,000 human beings were either made. Many and varied have been brutally butchered or driven to sui- the tokens of appreciation by all cide and the entire city within the classes, new hearts and homes have walls laid in heaps of ashes. Only been opened, and we doubt not that thirty-seven small dwelling remained. a large number of precious souls Filled with diabolical rage these men, saved will be a direct result of that in demoniacal frenzy, seemed deter- baptism of suffering.

mined to destroy everything that Nowhere on the mission-field have had breath, and even shot down we met with a happier or more vic- ruthlessly vast numbers of domestic' torious company, either of mission- animals. aries or of native Christians, than Need we attempt to picture the those who had so recently passed experiences which for this band of through such deep waters of afflic- missionaries followed those days of tion. Nowhere was fellowship in massacre, the sickening sight of deau prayer, testimony, and the study oi and mutilated bodies, the stench of the Word more sweet and helpful.

decaying flesh left unburied; the lVe came away with a deepened' ad- ghastly wounds and pitiable suffer- miration and affection for the brave ings of the .wounded, the harrowing men and women who, far away from accounts poured into their ears by scenes and associations so dear to destitute survivors, not to speak of them, are cheerfully suffering priva- the intense strain upon their own tions, facing dangers, spending and bodies and nerves because of what being spent on these lonely outposts they had passed through and the of the 'mission-field, that they may suspense of uncertainty as to what bring temporal cheer and eternal hope might still be awaiting them. Yet to their less-favored fellow men there was no faltering or falling through the telling and reflecting of down, but bravely they addrest them- a Saviour's love.

ME.ETING OF TH;E INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION, CLIFTO'N SPRINGS, JUNE

KEY TO' GRO'UP PICTURE (Beginning Lower Left Corner) Rev. J.

A.-I. Mrs. Geo. WilJiams. 2. Mrs K. B. Shaff.er. 3. Mrs. H. J. Bost:vick. 4. Rev. G. H. Jones. 5. Dr. C. T. 9.?te. 6. Dr. nJ.r.S. Sto'De. B.-I. Col. E. W. Halford. 2. Rev . H. Loonlls. S. Newton. 5. C. Ibayer. 6. W. H. 3. DT. C. P . Merntt. 4. Mrs. Roberts. 7. 11rs 'V. H . Roberts. 8. ~lrs. A. Dows]ey. 9. Miss Lida Smith. 10. Mrs. .T. S. Stone. .

C.-I. Rev. F. O. Emerson. 2. Mrs. F. O. Emerson. 3. *Wm. Blackstone. 4. Rev. Geo. C. Lenington. 5. Mrs. T. C. Garritt 6. Mrs. E. B. Goodwin. 7. Rev. W. P. Sprague. 8. Mrs. Alice M. Villiams. 9. *Mis'S Helen Wil1iams. 10. *Miss Gladys Williams. 11. Mrs. H erbe rt Schwartz. 12. "'"Otis Draper , 13. Miss Elsa lohnson. 14. Miss Mary Thompson. D.-I. Ivlrs. J. H. Blackstone. 2. *Eleanor Blackstone . 3. Rev. J. H. nlackstone. 4. David McConaughy. 5. Rev. L. Ostrand.e~. 6. Miss M. J. Cartwell. 7. M i~s A. E. Glendenning. E.-I. *Miss C. }'1. Baldwin. 2. Miss B. 'Vood. 3: Miss Anna M. Linker. 4. Rev. Lewis Linze11. 5. Rev. J. M. Baker. 6. f2~blf~S~rG.D;ap~~. R1~·. ~1r~h+:e~~eSa~de~s~V. M. L. ~timson. 9. Rev. R. G. Bent. 10. *Miss Alice Thayer. 11. Rev. J. M. Baldwin.

F.-l. H. J. Bostwjck. 2. Miss E. Clark. 3. J..liss E. M. Trent. 4. lfiss N. T. Dean. 5. *Dr. ]. A. Sanders. 6. JiIiss Ida Drake. 7. Miss J. Moulton. 8. Miss S. C. Brackbrill. 9. Rev. G. Draper. 10. Mrs. H. Schoonmaker.

… Children of missionaries.

God's Call to the

VOICED IN THE THIRTY.SECOND ANNUAL MEETINC OF THE INTER· NATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION~ AT CLIFTON SPRINGS, N. Y., JUNE 23-27, 1915 BY GEORGE C. LENINGTON, SECRETARY mI N the beautiful spot of Europe but from many districts ~ where Dr. Henry in mission lands. If the Gospel of Foster for so many peace and brotherly love is not years welcomed hun- proclaimed speedily and with 'pOwer dreds of missionaries to peoples who know not Christ, the who compose the day of opportunity will pass. Even membership of the International now many of the Christian Africans Missionary Union, were gathered in have been called upon to shoulder this year of world-enveloping war guns and enter into the struggles of workers from all over the earth. the present world war. As a result, The Call to the Home Ch",rc:h in some parts of Africa no mission- aries can travel inland from the The missionaries called upon the coast to reach their fields of work.

Christians at home for more prayer From some stations in the interior as the most important need of the no word can be received and the fate moment. If every church-member of the missionary workers there is would enter into regular, systematic unknown, In Northern Persia thou- intercession for some definite worker sands of Christians have been mas- at the front, every missionary would sacred, and untold suffering has have a band of two thousand com- been endured. Only the bravery of rades in prayer behind him. The re- Christian missionaries has prevented sults of such united effort can not a general slaughter too horrible to even be imagined. It will never be contemplate. One village in which realized until every Christian is will- thousands of Christians had crowder!

ing to lead "the sacrificial life"-he for refuge was attacked by a band who stays in the home country as of these soldiers. The tidings were well as he who is a herald on the carried to the Presbyterian mission- frontier. Ear n est prayer for these aries six miles away in Urumia.

world-workers should be offered by One of them, Rev. Mr. Packard, at the individual, by the family, and by once seized the American flag and t,he church. set forth to attempt a rescue. In The Call of the World-War spite of countless difficulties he suc- ceeded in reaching the Kurdish chief Amid the terrible sounds of and demanded that the massacre strife may be heard the call of God, should cease. The sheik finally per- not only from the, wretched peoples mitted him to take 1,000 of the re-

fugees to safety; but the Christian ating class from a large law-school church and the hundreds who had refused an invitation to attend the gone to it for refuge had already Y. M. C. A. meeting on the ground been burned. From such scenes can that only weaklings would consent to be heard the voice of God urging go to religious exercises.

His people to hasten the work of Pitiful in the extreme also is the bearing the tidings of the Prince of condition of the ten million or more Peace to all mankind. Not only Indians in various parts of the Con- must man love God with all his tinent who still worship their fetishes being, but he must also love his and idols. God is summoning His fellow man as Christ loved him. forces to care for these. untouched human brothers.

The Call from Latin America As never before these nations to In the lands of Central and South the south are turning their eyes to America the people are gasping the North American Republic for" for the breath of God. The num- commercial and intellectual interber of Christian missionaries sent to change, to advance the interests of these peoples has thus far been all Latin-American peoples. The totally inadequate. In the Republic political jealousies of yesterday have of Venezuela, with millions of hu- largely vanished and are being reman beings, only three evangelical placed by plans for cooperation. heralds proclaim the gospel of life The Church of Christ does well to through Ghrist. Much the same is take advantage of this growing true in other Latin-American coun- friendliness to promote the Latin tries. Great cities with large popu- American Congress at Panama. In lations have no rescue mission, the last few years many of the settlement houses, or voices calling brightest students in the universities to a higher spiritual life. Thousands of South America have seen a new live untouched by any appeal to obey possibility in the attainment of their the will of God. The Bible is still desires to uplift the peoples of their a forbidden book in this part of the own countries. In the student conworld, and even in this twentieth ferences held at Piriapolis, Uruguay, century bonfires have been lighted in they have heard that the Word of front of noble cathedrals to consume God presents the truth that makes the Book of God. Hundreds of men free, that in it are the principles thousands of N ew Testaments are which ennoble life, and that obedibeing scattered from sea to sea, but ence to its precepts makes life pure those who read them do so against and strong. Altho no great movethe command of their priests. As a ment has yet been started among result of the religious conditions in them, 'the time is ripe for presenting South America the educated classes clearly the great dynamic of pure have come to look upon religion as Christianity.

unmanly, and scholars and men of The Call From Africa affairs admit that they would be Miss Emily Clark, of the Sudan ashamed to be seen in religious meet- Inland Mission, pictures the present ings. The honor-man in a gradu- and pressing opportunity in West

GOD'S CALL TO THE

Africa. The most important people all be Christian or Moslem. To-day of all West Equatorial Africa, among they prefer Christianity-shall the3e the most promising people of the tribes be given the Light or Life- continent, are the Hausas. Twenty or the misleading light of Islam?

to thirty million of them who occupy One of the pressing calls is for the western Sudan are as yet scarcely Christian educational work III touched by Christianity. They are Africa. The British Go~ernment has more civilized than other people of established several large schools for this part of Africa and have made Moslem boys to which the chiefs are considerable progress in various arts, obliged to send their own sons and such as iron and brass work, weav- the sons of the leaders. But the ing, and the like. They are the only government does not wish these Mos- people of all this section who have lems . to become teachers in the themselves reduced their language to schools to be opened among the writing. They are also born traders, pagan tribes; so it has written to the and travel for thousands of miles, missions asking for Christian young imposing their language and ideas men, or those with a leaning toward upon all who -deal with them. Rausa 01ristianity, to teach in any schools seems destined to become the general it may open. What an opportunity language of western Africa. Already to evangelize the pagan tribes wilh- it is possible to travel anywhere in out expense, through these teachers northern Nigeria and far into French in government employ! Tho they and German territory with a knowl- would not teach religion in the edge of this one language (a very school, yet their lives and words easy one). Having mastered Hausa, would be witnessing for Christ and the Christian missionary can thus the pagans, now so sensitive to their travel even into remote regions and need for something better, would be still be able to declare to the peoples quick to learn and accept the best the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. news that teacher ever brought.

But, despite this advantage, the Like trumpets of victory come the Church has been slow to give this ,tidings of success which God has great people the Word of God in been giving His hosts in West Africa. their own tongue. The entire New Among the Kamerun forests are Testament has now been translated hundreds of men and women jourand the Pentateuch is being rapidly neying to the villages with the Word put through the press. of God in their hands. The seed has The Rausa people are everywhere been scattered thick and far and lfoslems and are to-day in Africa now the harvest is being gathered.

the chief missionary force of that The Presbyterian church at Elat has great antf-Christian religion. The a communicant membership of over results of their devotion are astound- 2,600 and with these are associated ing and call us to face the grave IS,<XX> more who have asked to be'

crisis among the pagan tribes. At received into the Church of Christ.

the present rate of progress there These catechumens are being instruc- will be, ten years hence, no pagan ted in Christian faith and practise, tribes in Equatorial Africa; they will and with eager desire are adopting

the most modern methods 0-£ giving In the name of religion, however; for the work of God. In this one these' children are deeply sinned church there are over 15,000 indi- against. The girls are' married beviduals who give systematically to fore they are ten years of! age. the support of the Bible readers and According to the last census child evangelists by means of monthly wives under ten years numbe~ed envelops. It is repc>rted that the 2,200,000; under five years 243,502; congregations on "collection Sun- under one year 10,507. If a little days" are always larger by hundreds girl's husband dies, even tho she has of worshipers than on other Sun- never seen him, she is a widow for days. With a monthly w:age of two life. Little innocent girlies, who in and a half to three dollars these America would be loved and shel- African Christians are giving thou- tered from all that would stain, are sands of dollars to spread the Gospel also married to the gods-in other among their fellow creatures. words; they become servants and slaves of the pries.ts, and live lives This work in the Kamerun country of sin and profligacy. is one of God's modern miracles. Rev. F. O. Emerson reported that Only I per cent. of the women when a new station was opened two in India can read and write, and for years ago because of the pressing many years it was almost impossible .demand for the work, a school was to do anything among the higher soon gathered numbering 1,200 classes as it was thought that only pupils. When a church was organ- dancing-girls should be taught to ized there was an audience of over read and sing. Entrance into some 5,000 people. In a recent Communion of the zenanas is still most difficult. service at Elat, there was an audience After much persuasion a lawyer, on of over 6,000. The record audience a government holiday allowed Miss for any single service at this place Linker only five minutes fo see the is 8,100. women of the house. When she played at their piano and sang, the The Call From India women had such a good time that they begged their husbands to allow From their earliest years the her to come again. Now this children of India are taken by their Zenana is wide open, the women mothers to the Temple to present have learned to read, the children attheir offerings and to bow before the tend school and the Gospel message images of wood and stone; they are is gladly received. taught that bathing in the river is an act of worship and that merit is Fifteen years ago a great crowd of to be gained by pilgrimages. At people stood on the wharf in Bombay home they' are instructed concerning to welcome the incoming of the ship the names and doings of the many Quito, which had come laden with gods that are commonly worshiped American corn to feed the famine and concerning their caste and its sufferers of India. Sir Narayan requirements. It is surprizing how Chandervakar, one of India's greatest much a child of four or five IS C011- sons, pointed to the bags of corn, scious of caste difference. and said t~ the people, "When' I see

1 5] GOD'S CALL TO THE CHURCH

a sight like this, the gift of Christian norant murderer into a flaming America to starving India, I am com- Christian evangelist. pelled to believe that Jesus Christ is living in the world to this day." The Call From Japan That corn has been like good seed which a mast& farmer had carefully The Rev. Gideon F. Draper, D.D., selected and planted in good soil. told of the three years' evangelistic It is now bringing forth an abundant work started in Japan as a result spiritual harvest. Rev. Lewis Linzell of the Edinburgh conference Conof India told of one of the annual tinuation Committees meeting there. preachers' meetings, held recently, Dr. John R. Mott was so imprest when a great company of men, 750 with the need and opportunity in by actual count, having marched a Japan that he promised to raise distance of 30 miles, came to enrol $25,000 for the campaign, provided.a themselves as seekers after Christ. Be- similar amOl,mt could be raised in fore they left they asked whether Japan. The Japanese Christian preachers could be sent to teach all workers of the various denominatheir people about Christ. Now from tions are taking the lead in this that tribe many; are turning to Jesus United Evangelistic movement, and Christ. the missionaries are cooperating with them. The "Billy Sunday" of Last year the Methodist Mission, Japan~Rev. S. Kimura-has been says Bishop J.W. Robinson, bap- holding tent meetings under the tized 37,513, almost all of whom shadow of the Parliament buildings were converts from heathenism. in Tokio and hundreds of Japanese However, all who came could not be have signed cards as inquirers in re~ accepted. The District Superinten- sponse to his fervent presentation of dents report that there were 152,200 the Gospel. Japan is being touched who were standing at the door say- and molded by Christianity in spite ing to us: "Teach us, baptize us, of all antagonistic influences. we want to enter the Christian Church." These people had to be When Rev. Henry Loomis, D.D., refused admittance because there was American Bible Society Agent in no one to teach them. Yokohama, went to Japan in 1872 the edicts against Christianity were The successes granted by the Lord still standing and the name of Christ of the harvest in Burma, were re- was the most hated name in Japan. ported by Rev. C. E. Chaney. To- His first work was to teach English day the Baptist Mission at. Bassein to a class of boys, two of whom represents 145 churches with a mem- were Christians. The other membership of nearly 14,000. The school bers of that class became Christians when assembled in the chapel num- and formed the nucleus of a church bers over 800, a third of whom are which now numbers 754 members. girls in a land where girls are not educated. This chapel was built in There are now about 100,000 J apmemory of the work of· the great anese church-members and a much Karen pioneer, Ko Tho Byu, whose larger Christian constituency, so that conversion changed him from an ig- one can travel from one end of Japan to the other and spend eve,ry night

in a Christian home. There is a does not regard the Sabbath. I can conviction among the leading men in not conscientiously remain in such a Japan that Christianity is the one position and have decided to start religion that can supply the moral business myself. Can you give me needs of the country, and it alone work?" Mr. Loomis gave him some will produce the highest type of work and promised that if he did it civilization. As a result of this con- satisfactorily the patronage would be viction the next Vorld's Sunday- ·continued. He secured two hawischool convention has been invited to presses, hired six or eight men, and meet in Tokyo and the funds that rented two rooms that had formerly may be needed for this obj ect are been used as a salo~n. Before work guaranteed by Count Okuma, the was begun he held a Christian serv- Prime Minister, Baron Sakatane ice to ask God's blessing upon the (Mayor of Tokyo), Mr. Tokano work and to dedicate the whole en- (Head of the Chamber of Com- terprise to His service. That man merce), and Baron Shibusawa (the has now a plant worth some $30,008 1eading Japanese banker). Judge to $50,000, and employs five hundred Watanabe, the man selected to or- men. Every Monday morning there ganize a judicial system in 'Korea, is is a religious service before the work an elder in the Presbyterian church of the week begins. The company and was president of the Y. M. C. A. has now branches in KoM and in Yokohama. When he was con- Tokyo, and prints the Scriptures for gratulated on his appointment he Japan, Korea, China and Philippines, replied that he went to Korea not Siam, the Straits Settlements and simply to establish a system of law also for Spanish-speaking people in and justice but to witness for Jesus various countries. Christ. He is president of the J apanese Y. M. C. A. in Seoul and an Miss Katherine Drake told of her elder and active member of the J ap- work for the children in Japan. anese church in that city. Christian girls go out two and two from the boarding-schools and gather When the war broke out between the children together on the street, Japan and Russia the agent Of the and teach them the Sunday-school American Bible society in Yokohama lessons. One thousand and fifteen asked permission to distribute Scrip- children attended the Christmas sertures among the soldiers as he had vice of the combined street Sundaydone during the war with China. schools taught by the students of General Terauchi, the minister of one girls' school in Tokyo last war, replied that if the Scriptures Christmas. were sent to him he would have them distributed. He is now the When a child died, after being in Governor-General of Korea. the mission kindergarten three years, her Buddhist father asked for a Eighteen years ago a young Chris- Christian funeral-service, because the tian Japanese came to Mr. Loomis child had showed such a Christian and said: "I have been employed by spirit. Children show the Christian a printing company whose business spirit in their homes by truth-telling methods I do not approve and which

GOD'S CALL TO THE

and loving acts, so that parents learn Revivals and new work are noted the true ideals of Christianity. in Sofia and Varna, and deep spiri- tual interest in Samokov. Churches The Call from Bulgaria have been enlarged and new ones built even in war-swept Macedonia. Open doors for the Gospel in Bul- The Ministry of Education has regaria was one result of the Balkan cognized the Mission School for girls war. Rev. Leroy F. Ostrander said in Samokov and promised soon to that the Bulgarian response to the do the same for the School for Boys. unexpected call for mobilization was It has also given these schools its most enthusiastic, and carried the official recommendation, especially for army to its wonderful victories over their moral and religious influence. the Turks. The town of Samokov was the rallying-point of 35,000 re- The Call of Corsica and the Call of servists, 300 of whom were quartered in the Mission School, while Galilee over 1,000 were fed twice a day for a week on the playground. Thou- "The call of God to His Church sands of Christian tracts and Scrip- to-day is strikingly heard in the imtures were distributed among these perialmessage which He has enmen, and special services were held trusted to her care," said the Rev. for them every evening m the William 1. Chamberlain, D.D., Secrechurch. tary of the Reformed Church Board of Foreign Missions. In the terrible When the breadwinners had gone outburst of hatred and war which is to the front, missionaries united with devastating so large a part of the the local authorities in caring for the world it would seem to some that wives and children. . A special fund Corsica-the world of material force provided for the distribution of over -has conquered Ga1i1ee~the world twenty tons of flour a month for of spiritual force. But after the blaze three months, and various kinds of of glory from Corsica came the colemployment were organized and fi- lapse and death at St. Helena, while nanced for the destitute. This relief after the humiliation of the Son of work brought the missionaries into Man, the Crucifixion of the Galilean, close touch with Bulgaria's noble and came the resurrection and the sublarge-hearted Queen, Eleanora, who sequent development of the Kingdom devotes most of her time to works of the Son of God on earth. Love of philanthropy and mercy. She be- ultimately triumphs over hate and stowed her own Red Cross medal spiritual over physical forces. Pure upon a number of missionaries as a religion will save this world from souvenir of their work during the such outbursts of wrong as now war. exist. From the storm there stand forth at least two great truths as In spite of dejection caused by the abiding pillars: The supremacy of unfair treatment of Bulgaria in the spiritual forces and the sovereignty second Balkan war, and the unre~t of God. The revelation which God caused by the present conflict, the has made of Himself as the great past year in Bulgaria has been un- "I am," indicates His supremacy, .His usually encouraging in many ways.

personality, His unity and His eter- Great is the necessity to emphasize nity. But the eternal God is not the oneness of God and of Christ.

known in His fulness except through "The Lord thy God is one God."

His son Jesus Christ. "In the begin- The manifestation of God in Christ ning God," is only understood in the and through Christ is "the same yes- light of "In the beginning was the terday, to-day and forever." He is Word, and the Word was with God, the Son of Man, and the unity of His and the Word was God." Jesus Christ person, of His office and of His re- is the world's great Teacher because velation is more and more recognized He laid bare the facts of forgiveness and accepted.

and spiritual life. From His lips hu- The Kingdom of God is the same manity has learned its greatest truth, to-day as that interpreted by the seers that God is, and that God is Love. The and the prophets throughout all the call of God to His Church is that she ages. It is the vision of Abraham shall carry out the commands of the and Isaac, and of Isaiah and of Joel Sage of Galilee, and to give to all and of Jesus. It is the vision of men the message that will heal all Lull and Livingstone. Lull said, their woes and diseases. "The most general vice is in not Tbe Call of tbe Times doing what might be done, not living up to one's opportunities." The op- "The supreme ambition of Jesus portunity of the Kingdom has come Christ is to have the Kingdom of to the Church more than once, but God extended over the whole earth," the Church has not been obedient to said Colonel E. ]. Halford. The the heavenly vision. Again it is the purposes of God have no other "fulness of time," and the oppormeaning; history no other lesson; tunity is once more thrust upon the humanity no other destiny. The one Church. "Human crimes are many, increasing purpose is the Kingdom of but the crime of being dead to God's God. The signs of the times which voice, blind when the divine handmake the supreme call upon the writing is on the wall-certainly there Church were never more certain, more inspiring, more challenging or is no crime which the supreme more portentous. powers do more terribly avenge."

"NOT ONE CENT"

A pastor who endeavored to develop systematic giving to both home and foreign missions was astonished to have several men return the lists of objects with this comment opposite the item of foreign missions: "Not on~ cent." Do such persons realize the significance of their words?

Not one cent for giving the Bible to any other nation. Not one cent for revealing a God of love except to Americans. Not one cent for making Christ known as a Savior of all men. Not one cent for teaching the world the morals of Christ and the Will of God. Not one cent for healing the sick or relieving the distrest beyond the borders of our own land. Not one cent for fulfilling the very purpose of Christ in his life and death. Not one cent for obeying the last command of Christ Jesus our Lord.

Study at

BY MISS FRANCES J. DYER T a great convention copies of the first book have already been sold. This means that during i iAi of advertising men the coming months thousands of . held recently in Chi- women, in churches all over the cago, the president of land, will focus their attention upon the United States the problems discust therein. Sup- Chamber of Com- plementary classes in methods were mer.ce spoke of the wonderful results held, the largest in Sage Chapel, conaccruing from the concentration of millions of minds at one time upon ducted by Mrs. S. J. Herben, on one idea. This is precisely the Christian principle of united prayer and "Sources of Power." Among them one which underlies the work at the she included loneliness, drudgery and summer schools in Northfield. poverty, and spoke of the forgotten powers which lie in the use of time, During July nearly a thousand thoughts, conversation, correspondwomen gathered there from points as ence and friendship. These talks far apart as Nova Scotia and South will be printed in book form in Carolina to study the needs in for- response to requests. eign lands, and were followed by another group of over four hundred A splendid union enterprise on the to consider heathen elements, like foreign field is a proposed medical race prejudice and Mormonism, in school at Vellore for the women of our own country. This· is indicative South India, to be affiliated with the of a growing sense of world con- new Union Woman's College in sciousness, accentuated since the out- Madras. Dr. Ida Scudder, one of break of the war, and is the first the most striking personalities at the step toward world evangelization. Conference, is now in this country Fully one-third of the delegates were trying to secure the needed $300,000. girls between the ages of seventeen StilI another union effort is the esand twenty-seven, thus showing the tablishment of a college for Chinese fallacy of the old notion that only girls soon to be opened in Nanking. grandmothers and elderly spinsters The story of this was eloquently are interested in missions. told by Mrs. Frederic Mead of Plainfield, New Jersey, whose daugh- An outstanding feature was the ter is a member of the faculty. study of two new text-books, "The These are samples of the big tasks King's Highway," by Mrs. Helen recently undertaken by women of Barrett Montgomery, and "Home different communions for the uplift Missions in Action," by Edith H. of their less privileged sisters in the Allen, each author serving as teacher Orient. of her own book. The classes numbered eight or nine hundred, but the China loomed largest on the proreally significant fact is that 200,000 gram, and the most impressive ad- dress was by Miss Laura White,

principal of the first college for terms of service ranged from three women in the empire. She said years to over half a century, and that China is now at the turning of aggregated a total of 516 years. the roads which lead to agnosticism Mrs. E. E. Claverley, M.D., drest in or Christianity. The lack of ade- the costume of an Arabian princess, quate educational equipment hinders told of her medical work in the the progress of the latter. Fifty primitive town of Kuweit, on the dollars would probably buy every Persian Gulf.* Of compelling in- Christian book there exclusive of terest was an address by a charming text-books. A Chinese official edu- young Chinese girl who is studying cated in a western university visited medicine here. Her English name is her college and asked to see her Phoebe Stone, and she is a sister of scientific apparatus. All she could the famous Dr. Mary Stone, head of show was $35 worth of material for a woman's hospital in Kiukiang. instruction in chemistry, physics and biology. The gymnasium outfit con- The able leadership of women like sisted of swings, seesaws and cro- Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, the singing quet! Miss White has been twenty- by a large chorus of girls under the four years in China and is return- magnetic guidance of Miss Elsie S. ing to Shanghai, where she will de- Hand, the impressive services at twivote herself to preparing suitable light on Round Top, the spiritual literature for women and children. suggestiveness of the outdoor festival She will be assisted by native Chi- called "The Spirit of Northfield," nese girls who already aid her in and the inspiring Bible lessons editing the first woman's magazine taught each morning by Prof. ever published there. Charles R. Erdman, of Princeton Seminary, were other features which The other countries represented by lifted the Conferences this year to the thirty-eight missionaries present an unusually high level of power. were Japan, Africa, Egypt, Arabia, Turkey, India, and Mexico. Their * To be published in our October number.

SOME STRIKING FIGURES In the United States there is one ordained minister for every 600 persons. In the whole non-Christian world there is only one Protestant missionary (men and women) for every 300,000 people.

Last year, an avera,g-e of 400 per day were brought by Protestant missions into Christianity out of hellthenism. American Protestant missions report 120,000 baptized last year, or 25 for each ordained minister, native and foreign. In America the average increase was 8,000 a week or 1 for every 20 ministers.

It has been estimated that one missionary, with the native force which he can train, can evangelize 25,000 within a generation. There are 27,000 such districts of 25,000 people each, which need missionaries.

To put one worker in each district of 25,000 of the 600 millions (America's share in world-evangelization) only one out of 800 church-members is needed.

In the Civil War Georgia sent into the army lout of 5.5 of the white population; South Carolina, 1 in 4.8; Florida, 1 in 4.3; Louisiana, 1 in 3.7; and North Carolina sent out 10,000 more than the total number of voters.

In Transition*

BY MISS FLORENCE WELLS N some future day his- boys at least, are taught English. I mI torians will point to the dare say you may search long to find a . present age as the Re- village without its English-understand- ing citizen. naissance of Japan. Herein lies a warning. The youth of " Changes subtle and Japan are reading our literature, our _ changes blatant are gradually or rapidly, as the case may be, classics; they are in the way to get a taking place within her borders. The fair understanding of our ways and our surface of the country, the speech, the ideals, to appreciate the historic back- food, the manners, the customs, the ground of our people and the religious dress, the architecture, all show tran- atmosphere which has kept our nation sition. As the youth passes into man- alive and strong. Unque5tionably, if hood, so the Sunrise Kingdom is passing trouble arises between their country and into noonday. ours, we can not say that they do not The great roads still run through the understand us.

country like arteries through the body; It is not from books alone, however, but now the ox-cart and the pedestrian that Japan is receiving impetus. Until :lre learning to keep to one side lest this year there has been a steady in- they be run down by the motorcycle crease in the number of tourists from and the automobile. Where once the Europe and America. These people mountain-pass wound unchallenged little realize how certainly they leave throllgh the valley and over the shoulder their impress on the Japanese with of the mountain, now the hissing train whom they come in contact. Then sweeps along, high above the mountain what shall we say of foreigners residing torrent, and dashes into the bowels of in Japan ?-from America and from the earth, emerging in triumph to swing every nation in Europe, young men and across a glen on a bridge of stone or women in business, families, and mis- steel. In rapidly growing cities like sionaries and teachers. The right kind Yokohama, or Tokyo, the hills are being of person in Japan is an infinite bless- levelled and the rice-fields are yielding ing, while the wrong kind is an incal- to the encroachment of houses and fac- culable injury to the nation, especially at tories. One can not but recall the old this formative time. A tourist one day psalm, "Every valley shall be exalted went into the embroidery shop of a and every hill shall be brought low." Christian, and having bought and paid While even the temporary resident in for something, asked that the bill be Japan will notice these physical changes, -ritten down at much lower figures so he will likewise be imprest by the great that she, showing it at the customs in number of people who will speak Eng- San Francisco, might have less duty to lish to him. Japan is a land of com- pay. She was astonished when the pulsory education, and all children must shopkeeper replied, "Madam, I can not reeeive instruction for six years. It is do it, for we are trying to teach our surprizing how many go on into the children that 'honesty IS the best middle school, where for five years, all policy.' "

* From The Missionary Link.

Formerly in the banks only Chinese largely through the soldiers. Even the were employed, and rumor had it that Imperial Court has adopted the full the reason was the dishonesty of the European costume, for both its ladies Japanese; but that can not be, for now and its gentlemen to wear on state occathat Japan has learned European bank- sions. ing methods, one sees as many Japanese as Chinese employed in foreign banks. The changes in dress effect changes in the architecture. A man in trousers Foreign cooking has become popular can neither comfortably nor" economicamong the men, and it adds to a young ally sit on the floor; so, sitting on a woman's matrimonial chances if she is chair, he must needs have a high table able to prepare American food. The to match; then rather than. spoil his soft Japanese man on the dining-car wiII al- matted floor, he builds his next house most invariably choose beefsteak and with one or more foreign rooms. Now potatoes in preference to fish and rice. that transportation is made easy by 'Ve notice, too, that a great many wed- steam, a great variety of building mateding feasts are held at the foreign rials may be had. With the exception restaurants; and we are to~d that it is of schools, nearly all of the government less expensive than to provide a first- buildings are of stone or brick, -and class Japanese feast. Often in private furnished in European style. homes and even in country hotels you wiII be served with one course of French Because of these changes which are or American dishes. Ice-cream is gain- stirring the pulse of Japan, and because :ng popularity, but it has a native rival of the remarkably short time in which in scraped-ice covered with syrup (lr these changes and many more have taken fruit juice. Chewing gum can not seem place in government circles, other nato make headway among the Japanese, tions expect of her exactly as much as nor chewing tobacco; but beer and ci;;- they expect of each other, and forget arets are not only imported but also that she was born into the family of extensively produced. nations but little more than fifty years ago. Fifty years is but a short time in The popularity of the foreign dre~s, the life of a nation; and while Japan also, is astonishing. One sees it in all has the appearance of maturity, she is stages, one or more garments being J ap- nevertheless a youth with undeveloped anese. It is amusing to see a man possibilities, but full of hope and energy, wearing a full dress native costume and with her life before her. If she seems a black silk hat. The English suit is sometimes to make mistakes-no doubt largely used by teachers and by men in her sister countries did the same when business, and middle school students they were young. And, never fear, she wear military suits. The.girls in schools will not make the same blunder twice. and offices follow prevailing styles of She is reaching out for something from hair arrangement, but as a rule follow each land, and if each gives her its a year or so behind time. Shoes have best, what may not the world expect of found their way into all parts of Japan, Japan in the ages to come!

A JAPANESE CALL TO JAPAN In no country in the world is there given a freer hand for the propagation of any religion. In a country like J ap~n, where the state and people are governed hv a spirit of nationalism, the principles of Christianity are most suited. It is to be hoped that missionaries will redouble their zeal in promoting the welfare and happiness of the Japanese.-Editorial in Japanese daily paper.

In Korean Homes *

BY MATTIE WILCOX NOBLE, SEOUL, KOREA ~~~~~ IRST of all Christ has original birthday clothes; but now, they elevated worn e n III are brought well drest, and sometimes Korea. gorgeously arrayed. When a baby girl A recognized helpful- is born, instead of condolences being ness of true womanhood offered to the parents, friends now say is asserting itself in the that they have received a gift from God; or, a new girl student for the home and among the girls. Formerly, School or Sunday-school has come to no right of leadership or refined co- the home. One of the most beautiful partnership was ever vouchsafed her. sights I have ever seen, it being also a Now, she often goes side by side with symbol of advancement, was at the first her husband to church, and is even per- Parents' Day Services in Korea for the mitted to. eat with him. Women of the Cradle-Roll babies. There were some well-to-do classes no longer are obliged 200 babies with their mothers present, to hide themselves in the women's quar- and at one side sat some fathers, a few ters; neither do the young women of of them proudly holding their baby girls. any class, when they go walking, have to throw a long coat over their heads, The Bible has given an impetus to drawing the front together under the learning and brought an education witheyes, nor to carry a large hat, between in reach of many. Formerly, only woeight or nine feet in circumference, over men and girls of the dancing-girl class their heads to conceal their features. were allowed to learn or read. Now, all The coats, veils, and the enormous hats doubt as to the respectability of one's are fast disappearing and women are wife or daughter learning to read, has beginning to feel the sunshine in the passed. I ha~e known old ladies nearly open air. True, it is a transition period, seventy years of age to sit down and, but light and freedom are coming to little by little, learn to read. One of the women through the Gospel. finest Bible women in Korea learned to read after she was thirty years old and Protection has come to childhood with she is now a scholar in Bible literature, the education of the individual and the as well as a woman of deep spiritual inelevation of the home life. Now, special sight. care is taken of the health and the moral development of the child. Modesty, for The Bible has given a touch of social the child's sake, is studied by the parent. life to the men and women. Before the Flagrant immodesties are still to be Bible came there were no halls or buildseen, but could newcomers to Korea ings where men and women gathered to lift the veil of several years ago the listen to sermons, lectures, music, or to great contrast between then and now witness any entertainment; but after would be clearly recognized. the Gospel was preached, both sexes met in the same room to hear and see all of The religion of the Bible has made a the above. Of course they sit on oppoplace for the little ones. At first, when site sides of the room and, in most only small portions of the Scripture had cases, with a partition between. At a heen printed, babies were brought to the social held in our home at the,close of altar for haptism, quite slippery in their • From The Korea Mission Field.·

a Women's Bible Institute, many games sang, and their songs were usually of were enjoyed by the old and young wine and dancing, but now songs of women; one would search very far to rejoicing sung by both sexes are heard find a more joyous company. Play was wherever the Gospel is preached. new to them all; they laughed till the tears rolled down their cheeks. In Christian communities, the teach- ing that "they twain shal1 be one flesh" The Bible liberates slaves. Many a is adhered to; likewise in Christian wealthy Korean who owned slaves be- home the misery and distress accruing fore he heard the Bible story, has liber- from the concubinage system is past and ated those slaves and brought them, with gone. himself, to the mercy seat. Cleanliness, beauty, and contentment It has taken from the husband the are brought to the Christian homes. I power of torturing and deforming the recently met an old lady and her daughbody of his wife. In a fit of jealousy ter whom I had taught eighteen years over a real or fancied cause, a husband ago. The old lady was deaf and leaned can not now cut off his wife's nose. The on her staff as she gave me a wholesentiment of respect for women has souled greeting. In recounting the grown so much in Christian neighbor- events of the early days, the daughter hoods, that a man can not even beat his said that her mother had always carried wife without incurring censure. The out, to a marked degree, my teachings old, lawless right of any man to forcibly on cleanliness, and that al1 these years seize a widow, and carry her away to she had been a living example of the his home, is fast passing away. beauty of cleanliness, and had taught the lessons to scores of young and old The Bible raises the marriageable age. people. Formerly, water was little used Several years ago, the Church refused by the sick and the aged. to perform the wedding ceremony for a boy under eighteen years of age and But, greatest of all, the Bible brings to a girl under sixteen. N ow, one rarely the homes of the people Jesus, the Sasees a little boy riding on a white horse vior, who gives salvation, peace, joy and to his wedding, or a weeping little girl hope to the Koreans who were crusht being forced from her parents home to under the bondage of heathenism, and the home of her husband. Even at a over whom the gloom of the centuries heathen wedding the bride's eyes are had settled: now, on those who have rarely glued tight shut, in these days. received Him rests the light of the Divine life. Formerly, only dancing girls and men FACTS CONCERNING KOREA'S PROGRESS Korea has emerged from the secluded region of the genii, where the fairies congregate, where the elixir of life grows, where sages and immortals meet and talk together, into the limelight of the rushing, hungry world, with the Manchu express going by, and motor-cars and automobiles rushing about here and there through the ancient streets and market-ways. . . .

In religion, too, she has met a new and startling outlook, tho not a wholly unfamiliar one. Far wider than the few baptized or numbered on the church rolls (the total rol1 of full communicants in Protestant churches is 68,195, while probationers and other adherents regularly attending services increases the grand total to 179,167 members of the Protestant community) has the word of this news gone forth; namely, that God has Himself spoken to men tenderly, and kindly offered them peace.-JAMES S. GALE.

DEI>ADTMENT ~

"~~-……~…….."'" OF BEST METHODS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK MISSIONARY METHODS FOR SUNDAY-SCHOOL WORKERS CLEAR-CUT, definite sibilities," ~ays Miss Hull. "She simply missionary policy, a fitted up the room with articles pur- committee to make it chased, borrowed or made that would effective, and the equip- give any idea of the need of missions ment with which to in lands beyond the sea. One side of work, are the three fac- the room is given to the far North.

tors in making missions vital in any Here are maps, flags, pictures, and a Sunday-schoo1.-GEORGE H. TRULL. small case of curios, together with a Eq,uipping a Missionary Room few books about the Esquimos, Alaska, Lapland, and other northern places.

Nothing helps the cause of missions "One side is devoted to India, with in the Sunday-school so much as a room pictures of its scenery, models of its fitted up for the study of the subject. heathen temples, dolls drest like the rf there is no place in the school that natives, bits of handwork, embroidery, can be devoted exclusively to this pur- and weaving, and pictures of mission- pose, some teacher interested in mis- schools and workers. Here are more sions would probably be willing to have books, all about India.

her class-room equipped in this way "Another side of the room, almost to a~d used out of hours. the corner, is given to Africa. The Such a room should be at once a things here have been made, many of 'museum, a library and a reading-room. them, by the boys of the Intermediate It should contain a collection of curios Department. One corner is given (0 from missionary countries, a case of China, the other to Japan, and the bit well-selected missionary books and leaf- of intervening space to Armenia.

lets, copies of denominational and inter- "This room is used for 'Missionary denominational mIssIOnary magazines Day,' each departmerlt coming, class by (current issues and files of back num- class, some time during the day, to look bers), and a supply 6f maps, charts and over the curios from the countries they pictures. Some schools already have are studying. It is also used by the such rooms. missionary societies of the church; by In The Sunday-School Executive, returned missionaries who ask those in- Miss Esther Hull tens of a much-used terested in missions to come here and missionary room which was planned and listen to their explanations of manners arranged by Mrs. Bigsbee, the mission- and customs; and the classes who have ary-superintendent of her Sunday-school. missionary exercises to prepare use it During the lesson hour the room is the as a study room.

home of the "Outlook Class," the mem- "The presiding' officer of the 'Out- bers of which are largely responsible for looks,' or one of her assistants, is always the care of it. on hand during 'reading hours' to an- "Mrs. Bigsbee did not attempt impos- swer questions or assist children in find-

ing the help they need. The 'Outlooks' picture it was and all they had heard also buy the books, which are loanedoy about the missionary. Most of them Mrs. Bigsbee, who is arranging for had forgotten all about it, but a little reading-circles in all the departments judicious questioning brought most of above the Primary." it back again, and a lasting impression was finally. made on their minds.

"Whatever you want to put into Who Is He? the school must be put into the The Arlington Avenue Presbyterian teachers first." – A Public-School Sunday-school, East Orange, New Superintendent. Jersey, makes great use of pictures. "Gradually a series of the pictures of "A Sunday-school worker who is great missionaries have appeared on not a missionary worker is out of place."-B. F. JACOBS. the walls," says Miss J. Gertrude "A model superintendent will in- Hutton, Director of Religious Educa- terest his whole school in missions tion in the school, "sometimes very and bring the whole world into his quietly, sometimes formally presented schooI-room."-BIsHOP VINCENT. and unveiled with ceremonies planned and carried out by some of the classes. Pictures in the Sunday-school Now and then a missionary's picture ap- Portraits of great missionary-heroes, pears on the bulletin-board with the both home and foreign, should have a question, 'Who is he?' Almost invariplace on the walls of every Sunday- ably within a few days the name is added school. In the old days it was almost in a childish hand. Then, the next Sunimpossible to get them in suitable size, day, follows the question, 'What did he but now they can be obtained-fifty dif- do?' with like results." ferent ones representing the most prominent fields at home and abroad-at sma:l In order to enable the children to discost from the Missionary Education cover for themselves the identity of the Movement. missionary and some of his notable Hung in the Sunday-school room, and achievements, there was placed in the used in a wise and helpful manner, such missionary reference-room of the school, pictures are a constant inspiration. They which is well equipped with all kinds of are invaluable in teaching missionary missionary literature, a copy of the lessons and as a text for platform talks. game, "Who's Who in Missions." By When purchased they should not be looking through the fifty cards, each of simply hung up, but should be formally which bears the picture of a great mispresented-unveiled, perhaps, with ap- sionary and some of the leading facts propriate ceremonies. of his life, the children could easily find In a Methodist Sunday-school in the the information desired. vicinity of New York City, this plan was used. A class of girls collecte,i Building an Exercise Around a Picture money, and bought a framed portrait of At Silver Bay, two years ago, one of Mary Porter Gamewell to present to the school. On the Sunday when the pre- the delegates told of the following plan sentation took place, the class told the that had been used with great success story of Mrs. Gamewell's life and work. in his Sunday-school. and then one of the girls came forward with the picture, which was appropri- One Sunday morning when the chilately received by the superintendent of dren arrived they found hanging above the school. The next Sunday attention the platform a large picture of a comwas called to it hanging on the wall, and pany of immigrants landing at Ellis Isthe children were asked to tell whose land. The title of the picture had been cut off, and nothing whatever was said

· DEPARTMENT OF BEST

about it while the school was in session. rather than to sit still and do nothing,"

This aroused great curiosity and after were given to a boy of thirteen with Sunday-school the children gathered the three questions cited above. 1He around the picture wondering what it faithfully read, "My Life and Times"

could be. from beginning to end, and then told The next Sunday the title was stili the story clearly and well.

missing, but this motto appeared beneath A Plea for Maps in the Sunday-School"

I SAVE AMERICA FOR THE WORLD'S SAKE. It would greatly help the cause of mis- sions if maps of the world were on the This whetted their curiosity stilI more, walls of the churches and the Sundaybut no reference whatever was made school rooms. In very many schools the either to the motto or the picture. But map of Palestine and maps of Paul's on the third Sunday, when a brief but journeys are found, but a map of the telling exercise on "Immigration" was whole world is rarely seen. It is well given in the school, it was found that to know what God did in Palestine and both motto and picture had played an in Asia Minor and in other portions of important preliminary part in the way the ancient world, but He is operating of stimulating inquiry and securing at- on a much larger theater to-day and tention. doing much larger things, and His chil- dren should be interested in knowing A Program Built Around a Motto where He is at work and what He is Missionary mottoes should also have doing. Missionary maps will help them a place on the walls of every Sunday- to know.

school room. At Silver Bay, the Rev. One Christian leader said: "I love to .of George F. Sutherland, Educational Sec- stand before a map the world, and, retary of the Methodist Board of For- pointing the audience to it, say, 'There eign Missions, told how they have been are the regions and continents and is- used in his school. lands of the fallen world. Our Re- One Sunday a large placard, with deemer is their rightful possessor if Livingstone's famous declaration in the present ruler is the prince of dark- regard to earthly possessions was hung ness. We are wresting them from Satan by our missionary triumphs.''' One can I will place no value on anything I speak and pray more intelligently about have or may possess except in relation missions after a study of the fields in to the kingdom of Christ. which the missionaries are at work.

before the school with a list of ques- When one member of the family tions as follows: migrates to some section of the West or South, or goes as an ambassador, consul 1. Who said it? or business agent to Africa or Asia or 2. Under what circumstances? Polynesia or Australasia, it is not long 3. How did he live it out? before an atlas is secured and his place The next Sunday volunteer answers found and marked. A new and vital to these questions were called for and interest in that part of the world is dethey were given and discust very veloped. Why should not the same be helpfully. true when missionaries leave home? Another plan was to give an indi- Why not trace their movements until vidual scholar a motto with a list of they reach their destination, and then questions and have him report on it to learn what we can about the land in· the school. Thus Cyrus Hamlin's words, "Let me fail in trying to do something *Reprinted from The lJ,fis.:;ionary Intelligence,..

which they represent us? There are subject between a Congregational superyoung men and women in every church intendent and a secretary of the Ameriwho could draw maps. They will do can Board, the usual argument was adthis gladly if they are asked. vanced that the hour was already over- crowded and that five minutes could not Lord Salisbury advised people to study be found to devote to the subject of mislarge maps. By doing so they could sions. But the next Sunday when the understand and know what was going secretary visited this superintendent's on in the world. Over against the school he noted that altho the majority names of some of his generals, N apo- of the children were present when the leon wrote, "Well acquainted with hour struck, the session began exactly maps." That was a strong recommend- eight minutes late! Five of these ation. Robert Murray McCheyne re- wasted minutes devoted to missions solved to read missionary books with would not only help the cause but do a map before him. The Moderator of much for the efficiency of the school. the Church of Scotland spoke of a little "If our schools could only realize atlas that he carried as his prayer book. their opportunity," says Mr. Hugh Cork It helped him to locate the missionaries "five minutes would not be begrudged, of the church, and that helped him to and the result would be many more boys pray for them and for the coming of and girls offering themselves for Christhe kingdom in all its power and glory. tian work as a life occupation."

AIM A Primary Mission Band A MISSIONARY IMPRESSION EVERY The entire Primary Department of SUNDAY* the Sunday-school of the First Presby- terian Church, Statesville, North During Opening or Closing Exercises Carolina, is organized into what may 1. Missionary Bible Readings. well be called a Primary Mission Band. 2. Definite Prayer for Missions. All the children, from the tots in the 3. Hymns of Declaration and Con- beginners' classes up to the graduates, are greatly interested in both home and quest. foreign missions. They support two 4. Bible Drills. native evangelists in the Kongo Mission 5. Introduction of Missionaries. of the Southern Presbyterian Church, 6. Recognition of Student Volun- and during the summer paid the ex- penses of two teachers in the North teers. Carolina mountains. 7. Missionary Lantern Slides. 8. Missionary Mottoes and Portraits. How do these little folks accomplish 9. Brief Reference to Current Mis- so much? The answer is given by Miss Mary R. Adams in The Missionary sionary Events. Survey as follows: 10. Short missionary stories. I!. Sentences from missionary let- "Each teacher makes a house-to-house visitation of her class, explaining to ters. parents the missionary work, asking 12. Special missionary programs. their cooperation and leaving with each child a mite-box. One teacher made the One Way to Find Time boxes for her class very attractive by pasting a picture of a group of moun- The plan of devoting five minutes to tain children on one side, and a group missions every Sunday is being used in from Luebo, Africa, on the other, thus a large number of schools, but many a superintendent objects to it on the score of no time. But "where there's a will there's a way."

Last winter in a conference on the , * Adapted from a leaflet issued by the Missionary Department of the Illinois State Sunday·School As- socIation, Mr. J. D. Templeton, Bloomington, 111., Superintendent.

OF BEST

depicting their special work in Home them, that 'it is more blessed to give and Foreign Missions. than to receive.' Last Christmas they had a tree for the children of Barium "At the close of the year they have Springs Orphans' Home, six miles their annual graduating exercises and away. Each little girl brought a drest mite-box opening, which has grown in doll, and each little boy a toy, whicil, importance from year to year, until it with bags of candy and fruit, made an has become an interesting occasion to attractive tree. Many small faces the congregation at large. An enter- beamed with joy as they saw dolls and taining missionary program of songs, toys given to their small visitors, but recitations and stories is given entirely not one showed disappointment at not by the children. Singing a missionai·y being the recipient of a gift. . song, they march into the auditorium carrying their mite-boxes in their hands. "If any success is claimed, and you should ask anyone of the eight teach- "One year two of the older boys in ers wherein it lies, the answer would the Sunday-school who are very in- be, 'Our inner prayer circle.''' genious made a small boat, The Lapsley. This was placed on a "There is enormous latent power in table and two small boys drest as the 974,777 members of our Presby- sailors stood ready to load the boat terian Sunday-schools. An average of as the children filed by leaving one cent a month would yield $116,973.- their boxes. Another year a barrel was 24 a year."-ROBERT E. SPEER. covered with white crepe paper with hoops made of black. On the center in Organizing the Sunday-schoob of a large black letters was the word, Presbytery 'Africa.' The African Mission flag, blue with a yellow star in the center, The Presbytery of Cincinnati is ~o floated from the open top, and two boys thoroughly alive to the importance of stood by and lowered the barrel from interesting children in missions that the table as the children marched by, systematic efforts have been made to dropping in their mite-boxes. The organize along missionary lines all Sun- barrel, a large nail keg, was filled to day-schools included in its territory. overflowing. Each year the exercises The very effective method used is out- are varied. lined in The Home Missioft Monihly as follows: "There is never a Sunday when mis- sions are not brought to the minds 1)£ "Each Sabbath-school class is an or- the children in some way, but the first ganized mission band with a chairman Sunday of each month is distinctively and secretary to keep its members in- Missionary Sunday. All lessons are formed as to the work to be done anc! dispensed with. Some of the children to keep an account of the meetings have learned to know, when they see held and the money given. In order to the teacher who is to talk to them, avoid the complications arising from what country they will visit that day. too many organizations reporting to the A sea of eager, upturned faces greets Presbyterial Society, these bands are het as she talks to the little ones about grouped according to their ages, four the children in heathen lands, the chil- or five classes in a group which bears dren in the mountains, the immigrant some such name as 'Willing Workers,' children, the Indian children, or the or 'Missionary Helpers.' This gives negro children. the church only about six bands to report. "Each Christmas these children give "The officers and teachers of the Sab- an illustration of the lesson imprest on

bath-school constitute the executive young people of the churches are orily committee and have their chairman, waiting to be led into a larger knowl- secretary, and treasurer. This execu- edge and a greater usefulness in this tive committee prepares the missionary important work."

instruction which is given in five-minute What a Junior Teacher Did talks-one each Sunday morning-by a teacher, an older pupil who has been "Can you suggest," asked a reader of prepared by a teacher, or by some visit- The Christian Herald, "an interesting ing missionary. missionary service for Junior scholars?"

The answer as given by Mr. Frank L. Brown, General Secretary of the World's Sunday-school Association in The Herald's "Sunday-School Workers'

Round Table" is as follows : "One of the most interesting mission- ary exercises I know of was the result of the work of a Junior teacher, a seven- teen-year-old girl. She was intrusted with a class of live-wire, ten-year-old Junior boys, as her first assignment.

She had tact enough to know that the interest of perpetual-motion digits of that age could never be secured simply by Sunday teaching. So every Friday afternoon she invited the boys to her home after school hours.

"Then she procured a well-illustrated story of the life of John G. Paton, mis- sionary to the New Hebrides. This thrilling story of hairbreadth escapes from threatening natives was read by the boys in turn to the others, a chapter a week. The other boys listened. Then MR. J . D. TEM PLETON 'S POLICY FOR ILLINOIS the teacher would ask one of them, with- out previous notice, to rehearse the story SUNDAY-SCHOOLS of that chapter, and it was done always "Mite boxes are supplied and once with a fidelity to the facts that showed every quarter an evening meeting is held how intently the reading was listened when a missionary program is given. to. This reading was followed each This consists of a missionary play given week by games or something good to by some teacher and her band, a stereop- eat, for at that age the stomach seems ticon missionary lecture, or a talk by a direct road to a boy's heart.

an enthusiastic missionary. .The mite "Week by week the boys were ab- boxes are opened, the money is reported sorbing not simply the vivid details of from each band, and light refreshments the story, but something of the heroic, are served. faith-filled life of John G. Paton, and "The results of this method have been ge/iting their impulses for mIssIOnary shown in a great increase in the in- giving, and it may be, for missionary terest in missions and in larger gifts living, later on.

than ever before. The children and "After the book had been completed.

OF BEST METHODS

a map of the ~ew Hebrides was drawn. was drawn aside, the children rose and Then the class was asked to conduct a sang: missionary exercise in the Junior De- "Where He leads me, I will follow . . . partment. The boys occupied an hon- I'll go with Him, with Him, all the way."

ored seat on the platform and one of In a somewhat similar manner the them explained the map. Then several Sunday-school of Emmanuel Baptist of them told the story of John G. Paton . Church, Schenectady, New York, took and his wonderful work to a gaping up the study of the life of Judson during crowd of juniors. Neither the boys, the the Judson Centennial last year. During teachers, nor the department will soon the quarter a large framed 'picture of forget that day. Judson was hung in the Sunday-school room, Judson stories were told, Judson "There are scores of thrilling stories mottoes learned, and Judson medals of Uganda, Korea, China, and India sold. that could be read by junior and intermediate boys and girls in the same way, Half-Told Tales and would make an equally interesting One of the best methods of awakenprogram for any missionary organiza- ing interest in a special missionary book L lon ." in the Sunday-school library is the teil- Thirteen Weeb with a Missionary ing, from the platform, of a "Half-told Studying the life and work of some Tale" from its pages. To do this select great missionary during the Sundays of an entire quarter has proved an excel- . a thrilling story and stop at the most exciting point where everybody is eager lent plan in schools that have tried it. to know what happens next. Then give It need not take much time-it would be quite sufficient on one Sunday to sing the name of the, book in which the rest the missionary's favorite hymn; on an- of the story may be found and state other to read some passage from the that it is in the library and that who- Bible ~onnected with his life; on a third ever applies for it first may have it. to tell a story or give some incident of This is a plan that has been tried with. his career; on a fourth to memorize one great success in the Bible School of Bedford Presbyterian Church, Brookof his famous sayings; and so on. lyn, New York, and is also recommended in Trull's "Five Missionary Minutes." In The Sunday-School Times Miss The following stories will be found Florence Norton tells how this plan suitable for this purpose: worked out in the Junior Department of a Philadelphia Sunday-school, at the "When the Jugglers Came to Nalgiri," time of the Livingstone Centennial. in Other People's Children. (The Luther- an Publication Society.) Every. Sunday for weeks the .children "The Spotted Tiger Foiled" and "The had been studying about the great mis- Angry Mob and the Story of the Cross," in The Cobra's Den. (Revell. $1.00.) sionary explorer and on a Sunday in "An Encounter with a Ten-foot Ser- March near the one hundredth anni- pent," in In the Tiger Jungle. (ReveIl, $1.00.) versary of his birth, they had a special "Captured by Cannibals," in The Trans- celebration. The program consisted formation of Hawaii. (Revell, $1.00.) largely of stories of his life told by the "A Dangerous Encounter," in Bishop children themselves. At the close of Hannington, by Berry, pp. 90-93. (Revell, the last story which told of his death $1".oAo·)Perl'1. ous E xped"ItIon,".111 S 00 Thah. (Revell, $1.00.) on his knees in the little African hut "Facing an Angry Elephant," "Two and of his burial in Westminster Abbey, Against One," and "An Uninvited Guest,"

a large portrait of him was unveiled. A in Adventures with Four-Footed Folk. (Revell, $1.00.) .. fI~g had been draped over it and as this "Attacked with Clubs," "A Perilous Pil-

grimage," and "Under Knife and Toma- Methodist Episcopal S·unday-school at hawk," in The Story of John G. Paton. (Armstrong, $1.00.) Canandaigua, New York, for interesting "Challenging Ghosts and Hobgoblins," in his school in missions, is a series of Hamlin's My Life and Times. (Out of print, but to be found in many libraries.) printed slips, each containing ten ques- A Korean Cut-out tions calculated to arouse interest and Cutting out and talking at the same stimulate research. The answer to each time is not an easy thing to do before an audience of children, but it is :ill question is the name of a famous miseffective method of arousing interest and holding attention. It can be done sionary and the slips are passed out at either from the platform or in class. Sunday-school with the request that One summer Sunday when Professor W. C. Taylor of Union Presbyterian they be returned at a given time. One Church, Schenectady, New York,' was asked to take charge of a class of young of the slips used was as follows: girls whose teacher was away, he made use of this method. In Trull's "Mis- WHO? sionary Methods for Sunday-School Workers," he found the statement (page 1. What missionary was put in prison, 128) that in Korea when anyone is ill starved, and hung up by his heels? paper cats are strung in front of the· house to drive away the evil spirits. As 2. What 'missionary went through the the lesson furnished an excellent oppor- dty walls at night with the bullets singtunity for a talk on medical missions he ing about his ears to help make a truce decided to cut out strings of paper cats, between the royalists and revolutionists talking as he cut. in China?

The day was warm and the girls 3. What woman about to be killed by somewhat listless, but when he produced a Chinese mob, tore off the hem of her scissors and paper and began to work gown, and bound up a child's head? they were attention at once. He ·said nothing whatever about what he was 4. What champion bicycle-rider of doing but told the story as tho nothing the world became a foreign missionary? else was going on. Then he unfolded the paper and produced the cats much 5. What mjssionary rode thousands to their amazement. of miles on horseback at the beginning of winter to save a great territory for Missionary Search Questions the United States?

One of the plans devised by Mr. W. 6. What missionary explored a con- G. Lightfoote, superintendent of the tinent, discovered the largest falls in the world, helped break up the slave trade, died on his knees / praying, and was buried in Westminster Abbey?

7. What medical missionary is called the Savior of Liao-Yang? What brave deed did he do?

8. What mISSIOnary kept at bay throughout an entire night a band of hyenas and cheetahs?

9. What missionary has a hospital- ship in the Arctic regions? 10. What woman went in disguise into the mountains of Tibet, risking her life?

Find as many answers as you can and bring this slip to Sunday-school, Feb- ruary 23, 1913.

W. G. LIGHTFOOTE, Superintendent.

Dl' ,LS

THE LATIN-AMERICAN CONGRESS study the needs of Latin America and the spiritual forces that may be more THERE were those who criticized the adequately mobilized for the regenera- omission of Roman Catholic and tion of tne non-Christian people of Greek Catholic countries from the pro- those lands. gram of the Edinburgh Conference. The reasons given for the exclusion were: The missionary who goes to labor in ( 1) the desire to obtain the cooperation Latin America must take the same poof all Protestant Christians, including sition in regard to the religion of the the High Church party of the Church people among whom he labors as that of England, and (2) the fact that non- taken by Jesus Christ and His Apostles Christian lands present problems so when Christianity was first established. peculiar and so large in themselves that As witnesses to the truth they go not they might well be considered alone. to destroy any good, but to reveal the evil by holding up the Light. If their Now that it has been 'decided to hold message of truth, spoken in the spirit of another world conference exclusively love, causes opposition they are not to to consider the needs and problems of blame. The missionary to Latin Amerthe Latin-American countries there are ica, as to any other land, must proclaim Christians who object to the program. the positive truth of the Gospel as re- Some hold that there is no need to vealed in the Bible without fear or evangelize Roman Catholic lands. favor-not as a bigot but as a messenger Others say that they should be regarded of Christ. as pagans. Some dislike to risk an- Everywhere, Christ must be lifted :IP of tagonizing the church Rome, others as the one mediator between God, and 'man, as the only revealed Savior from fear a compromise of the truth. sin and its consequences. In South In February the Board of Missions of America failure is not due to unbelief in the deity of Christ or the necessity for the Protestant Episcopal Church laid on His atonement, but the difficulty is that the table the resolution to accept the in- these truths have been obscured by vitation to participate in the conference. other teachings. The evangelistic mes- They did not wish to antagonize the sage must be put first, tho, educational Roman Catholic church which would not methods may be of great value in dealing be invited to participate. At the May with certain classes of people. Sociomeeting, however, the Board accepted logical and purely intellectual missions the invitation "provided that whatever are apt to obscure the main missionary notice or invitation is sent to any Chris- message and lead men to seek the fruits tian body shall be sent to every commun- of Christianity without the roots. ion having work in Latin America." There is, however, still in the Episcopal Thus far Protestant miSSions in. Church much Ollllosition to any llartici- South America have 'reached chiefly the pation in the Conference. lower classes because these classes have felt most keenly their need of help. The This "Congress on Christian Work in Latin America," as it is now called, is not to create controversy, but to

material prosperity of many South have held that they could not afford to Americans has led them to feel inde- increase their gifts largely to the Lord's pendent of the benefits offered by campaign. The war has demonstfated Christ. The work of the Y. M. C. A. how possible it is to send out a million and Y; W. C. A., is reaching many of men from England, the flower of the the educated classes, but as a rule they land, and even larger numbers frod! Gerare uninterested in the Gospel. It is many and France, Italy and Russia, time that Christian forces united to win tho most of them will never return and Latin America to Christ. There are hun- will soon be out of the fight. It is a dreds of Indian tribes in South America lesson as to what a nation can do when who have as yet heard no evangel. thoroughly aroused. .

This is not a time for Christians in Moreover, men are learning on what a home churches to squabble over non- diminutive scale they have financed the essentials. ~t is a time for prayer and missionary enterprise. Those who . cooperation, that the Gospel of Christ "could not afford" one hundred dollars may be faithfully and artequately present- a year to advance the cause of peace ed to our brothers and sisters of Latin and love and righteousness, have found America. . that the money they were holding has "KNEE MEDICINE" slipped fi-om their grasp. The govern- ments have spent in destructive warfare ACHINESE convert when asked by more in one day than the churches of a missionary what remedy he found Christendom have given in a year to most effective in curing his fellow preach the Gospel of life to those in the countrymen of the opium habit, idolatry, bondage of death. It would take over fear of persecution and other sins, re- one hundred years for one man merely plied laconically: "Knee Medicine." to count out the dollars that have been spent in this one year of destructive Is there any other potent remedy for warfare. doubts and discouragements, failure anrl sin, than that found through earnest, Much has been wriften in recent persevering prayer? That has proved weeks on the value of preparedness, adethe efficacious remedy for openifig qnate defenses and equipment to prevent closed doors, illuminating darkened surprize attacks from an enemy. Is there minds, cleansing impure hearts, enough thought given to the necessity strengthening weak wills, supplying for moral preparedness and equipment needed workers and funds, guiding a against the unexpected attacks of the perplexed and struggling church and devil and his agents? Some of the lands transforming whole committees. "Knee- at war are taking the opportunity to put medicine" is a powerful tonic and down the traffic. in strong drink, and remedy for all spi~itual ailments. America is steadily advancing toward prohibition. But there are other steps THE CHRISTIAN FORCES O NE of the lessons that God seems that must be taken in the fortification to be teaching his people by the 0'£ moral character against defeat. The sorrows and sacrifices of the European Sabbath amusements, and business must war is that Christians, as a rule, have as be cleansed and readjusted to correspond yet made no sacrifices for the advance- to the laws of God. '

ment of the Kingdom of God. Profest The nations at war have been mobil- followers of Christ have held up their izing their men and conserving and rc- hands and declared that it was impos- con~ructing their finances, inventions sible to send out 20,000 more mission- and industries so that they may all be aries from the home churches. They nsed in the cause of national success.

70 r

These are valued assets, but the greatest owned and edited by Japanese, gives the forces in personal and national life are Japanese point of view on this subject: spiritual, not material. The Christian "That the Japanese alone should be and the Church must take stock of denied in China the rig-ht of preaching forces, must mobilize and organize more which is enjoyed by all other nationaliearnestly for the world-wide campaign. ties of the West, is an unfairness which This may be helped by conventions and it is but natural for us to wish removed. conferences, but the secret of power lies . . . In principle, it may be most denot there. Power belongs unto God sirable that we are on equal footing with and only those who are continually in the other Powers in China in the right vital touch with the source of Power can of religious propagandism, and there is prevail. It is time that the Church fairly strong groun'd for demanding the mobilized more definitely for prayer. right as elsewhere discust; but that its Then the spirit of truth, of love, of self- acquisition is a matter of pressing necessacrifice will prevail. A united and sity does not seem conclusive." Christlike Church, depending on spiritual forces, under the leadership of al- The editor comments upon the fact mighty God, will prove an irresistible that the chief effort to have this propaforce in the winning of the world to ganda countenanced come~ not from re- Christ. ligious teachers but from political par- ties, and is evidently for other than re- . THE JAPANESE VIEWPOINT ligious motives. Buddhism, -if it -is "to AMERICAN Christians are often too become a socio-religious force of civiliz- prone to expect that a nation like ing value, requires a most thorough re- Japan, which has only recently emerged form." He feels that the desire of from isolation, and is still largely guided Japanese Buddhists to preach in China by the dim light of Buddhism and Shinto, probably arises from the impression should be guided by the same principles "that Christian missionaries in China and motives as those which are supposed are there, in one way or another, to to govern American policy and practise. secure political and economic advan- Japan has made wonderful progress, tages for their countries." This, he and has some remarkably able statesmen, rightly concludes, would be "the worst but it is not to be wondered at if they are t.hing that could happen to Japan; for not governed by unselfish Christian prin- priests who serve other purposes than ciples in their relations to Korea, China, their spiritual mission can not but be and th~ Occident. They are moved by hypocrites, and hypocrites can never temporal ideals and by principles of ex- render any real good to anybody."

pediency-as most nations are. Still, Bishop Tucker, of Japan, says, in com- they are helping to transform Korean menting on this subject in The Spirit of sanitation, commerce, judicial procedure, Missions: "Whatever one may think of and education. China has been, no Japan's recent demands on China, no doubt, treated with all the consideration Christian missionary can consistently we could expect from a Japanese point oppose that clause which asks for free- of view. dom to send missionaries. We can not In Group V. of the recent demands -deny to the Buddhists what we ask for made by Japan was the right to propa- ourselves, and certainly we can not af- gate the Buddhist religion in China. De- ford to let the impression get abroad cision on this point was postponed, in that we are afraid to compete with them order to enable the parties to reach an in missionary work." While this is true, agreement on other matters. An edi- it is to be devoutly hoped that any re- torial from the Japan Times, a paper ligious propaganda in China will be for

spiritual ends and not for selfish pur- low His lead and to supply the needs of Zenanaed widows in India, the neglected poses. There is enough of the latter in children in China, the sin-enslaved races of Africa, the blinded followers of Mopolitics and commerce. ' hammed, and th! weak and crippled souls of Christendom? Our attitude of mind "AS A MAN THINKETH" reveals our true selves; our acts reveal our real thoughts, and our ow.n destiny OWEN WISTER, in a remarkable ar- is determined by our attitude and our ticle, published in the Saturday obedience to Christ and His leadership. Evening Post (July 3), remarks: Many who deprecate militarism and the "I want no better photograph of any false idea that physical might makes ind.vidual than his opinion of this war. right, still meekly yield to the immoral militarism and the money power in poli- If he has none, that is a photograph of tics and social life. Many who denounce the unwarranted devastation of Belgium him. Last autumn there were Americans and pity the sufferings of Poland look on who wished the papers would stop print- with apparent indifference at the coning war news and give their readers a tinued despoiling of the women and chilchange. So we have their photographs, dren ,in the temples of India and the as well as those of other Americans who awful plight of the Nestorians in Persia merely calculated the extra dollars they and the. Armenians in Turkey. Others could squeeze out of Europe's need and who think with horror of the wanton agony. But that-thank God-is not destruction of innocent victims on the what we (Americans) look like as a torpedoed vessels at sea, look on with whole. Our sympathy has poured out seeming indifference at the torpedoing for Belgium a springtide of help a~d of churches and colleges by faithless relief; it has flowed to the wounded and preachers and agnostic teachers. There affiicted of Poland, Serbia, France, and are those, too, calling themselves Chris- England. . . . Yet, somehow, in Eu- tians, who would denounce as traitors rope's eyes we fall short." those who refuse to respond to the call of king and country, or who play into Friends, how do we stand in God's the hands of the enemy, and yet these eyes? What does He, who looks not on same Christians refuse to give of themoutward appearance qut on the heart, see selves or their substance to advance the not only pf our attitude and opinions cause of the King of Kings or even join concerning this European conflict; but the ranks of those who, ignorantly or concerning the still greater, more impor- maliciously, scoff at the missionary protant and eternal conflict against evil and paganda. God give us clear vision to for the extension of the Kingdom of see the right in temporal and in eternal God? Does He see us indifferent to the conflicts, and give us the strength of principles involved where' many are character and self-sacrificing spirit to using their power wrongfully and with follow the Master's lead at whatever the selfish purpose of throttling their op- cost, The heroism shown on European ponents? Does He see us careless when battlefields, great as it is, is only a temmillions of our fellow men are suffering porary impulse compared with the from oppression and wrong, and are dauntless courage and unselfish devotion dying without God and without hope? exhi1:iited through long years on many a Does He see us eager to take advantage mission field in the campaigns of the of the extremity of others, heaping up Kingdom of God. comforts, increasing luxuries at home, while our brothers are bravely fighting and enduring hardships on the frontier mission fields? Or does He see us keenly alive to the call of our Great Commander, ready to sacrifice everything to fol-

WODLD-WiDE

MlSSIONADY NEWS JAPAN-KOREA Japan's Demand for Books The Power of God in J'apan THE Christian Literature Society of Japan is making strenuous efforts AN OLD DECREE.-HSO long as the sun shall, continue to warm the earth to combat the pernicious influence of unlet no Christian be so bold· as to come healthy Western literature. Novels and to Japan."-Imperial Edict, 1808. rhapsodies from the pens of European "realists" have been rendered into J ap- AN OLDER DECREE.-HMy word shall not anese. Even Western dramas of sug~ return unto me void, but it shan accom- gestive nature have been translated and plish that which I please, and it shall staged in Tokyo. The Japanese have prosper in the thing whereto I sent it" always, been inclined to take to new (Isa. 55: 11). ideas, and the products of the Western authors disposed to break with the es- A FULFILMENT.-To the Y. M. C. A. tablished social conventions have been of Japan: "Having heard of your work received in Japan with avidity. The for the comforting of the soldiers at the translations of Occidental writings of frorit, their majesties, the Emperor and this class are published in cheap pamph- Empress, are pleased to grant you the let form, selling for a penny or two a sum of ten thousand yen."-The Im- copy. One such pamphlet, described by perial Household Department, May, a Japanese literary critic as "vile," has 1905. had a sale of 850,000 copies.

Japanese CluJ, Study Christianity Some editors of Japanese newspapers are protesting with vigor against these HE Missionary Intelligencer quotes publications. Missionaries state that the T Mr. Miagawa, one of the ablest' demand and the capacity for good liter- Christian scholars in Japan and pastor ature in.Japan exceeds that in any other of the largest independent Congreg(l- mission field. tional church, to the effect that in present-day Japan a million people ar~ read- New Privilege to Mission School. ing the Bible and making its teachings the standard of their lives. THE Japan Evangelist says that the Department of Educ!1-tion has The KiitsuClub, composed of sixty granted to certain Christian schools the of the leading statesmen, educators, and privilege of calling their middle school other men of influence in Japan, was departments Chu Gakubu (middle organized to study the moral and re- school department) instead of Futsu-bu ligious needs of Japan. Among its mem- (ordinary department), without surbers are ,Baron Shibuzawa, Japan's most rendering the right to keep religious in- – influential business man, Baron Saki- struction as a part of the regular course. tani, ex-minister of finance, Baron This privilege has been one for, which Kiguchhi, ex-minister of education, Mr. Christian schools in Japan have con~ Chasi, M.P., and the President of the tended for a number of years, and the Imperial and Wasada Universities. granting of it may be regarded as 'a Three mpnths of last year were devoted t.o J the study of Christianity.

triumph for Christian educators who tute in Chicago and an ordained minister have always stood for the principle that of the Church of Christ in Japan, which schools supported by private funds and includes all the mission work of the teaching up to the government standard various Presbyterian boards in that emshould ha~e the same privilege as public pire. He has been very successful in schools, and at the same time be free '_0 the past in evangelistic work, and when give religious instruction to their stu- the three years' campaign was proposed, uents. Under the new regulation ,it will he came to the United States, in order be possible to give religious instruction to study Sunday's methods. He arrived freely either as a part of the regular in this country in time to hear Sunday curriculum or outside it. preach in Denver last autumn, foJlow;ed A Japanese Prophecy him to Des Moines and heard him in every sermon of his campaign there for " BAPTISM means in Japan an en- three weeks: Then he started back to tirely new birth of the soul," says Japan. In April he was ready to begin work 'on a new basis-completely "SUll- Mr. N. Kato, former editor:in-chief of dayized." A great tent which he secured the Japanese Christian World. In pre- he pitched in the immediate vicinity of dicting that Japan will adopt Christian tty the houses of parliament in Tokyo, and as the' only answer to her needs he there he has been preaching since, enspeaks as foJlows: "The patriotic spirit gaging the con~tantly increasing attenof self-sacrifice inculcated by Shintoism, tion of the people of Tokyo. Those who the sane, practical, moral teachings of have heard both Sunday and Kimura Confucianism, the profound doctrines say that Kimura has accomplished a very and pioety of Buddhism, have aJl con'- striking ieproduction of Sunday's mantributed to form a strong national spirit ners. The Japanese language apparently which is the net outcome of the spiritual does not permit as much scope for slang development of the nation through its as there is in .American speech, but long history. This spiritual legacy is Kimura goes as far as he can in that not, to be ignored. We must clearly re- direction and puts his message continncognize that the mission of Christianity aJly in the vernacula'r of the streets. should be not to eliminate or destroy all these spiritual attainments, but to bring about their fulfilment, and to supply Work for Japanese in Korea what is lacking in them. Figuratively speaking, Shintoism gave Japan its THERE are over 250,000 Japanese in bones, Confucianism its flesh, Buddhism Korea-many of them earnest Chrisits nerves, and Bushido its blood, but life itself or the vitai force of the whole tians, like J ustice Watanabe of the organism must be given by Christianity. Court of Appeals at Seoul. Among these Nationalistic Shintoism, secular Con- Japanese, Rev. and Mrs: F. S. Curtis of fucianism, conventional Buddhi'sm, the Presbyteriart Mi,ssion have been chivalric Bushido- none of these will working for some years and have sucsuffice to meet the spiritual needs of the ceeded in establishing a number af rising generation in Japan."-North- cl,mrches, with Japanese pastors. The western Christian Advocate. "Church of ChriSt in Japan" is active in helping toward the support and ovet:- The "Billy Sunday" of Japan sight of this work among their fellow countrymen. Now Mr. and Mrs. Curtis REV. H. S. KIMURA, Who is caJled have been called""from Korea to take up .. "the Japanese Billy Sunday," has ,work in Shimonoseki, Japan.

recently come to America for a brief The workalfiong the Ja:panese in visit: He is a graduate of Moody Insti- Korea has been particularly difficult on

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

account of the constant shifting of their Picture-Carda and Cigareta T place of residence. The results. have HE cigaret companies have invaded Korea as well as China. Everybeen encouraging, however, and the Jap- anese have been very hospitable. Most where their picture-cards are seen posted of the work must be done by house to in Korean homes. Missionaries, esped- house visitation, since the people are ally those in Korea, are pleading earn- kept at home by household duties. estly for good picture-cards used by the Sunday-schools of America. The Sunday-School Growth in Korea Korean people, as well as the people of other oriental nationalities, eagerly seek IN Korea, as elsewhere, the mission- for these picture-cards even tho they aries have found the Sunday-school a may illustrate lessons that have been most effective means for propagating studied in America weeks or months ago. Christianity. Mr. M. L. Swinehart, of The greatest difficulty connected with the Southern Presbyterian Mission, tells the sending of these cards to. foreign of the remarkable growth throughout countries is the cost of postage. Rev. S. the mission stations in Sunday-school D. Price, Metropolitan Tower, New work during the past three years: York City, has undertaken to inform any one who desires to be put in touch with "Three years ago I visited Mokpo and' some needy foreign field how these found there were about 250 attending cards may best be sent where they will Sunday-school each Sunday which prac- do the most good. Persons desiring to tically represented the church member- aid in this way should write to Mr. ship. I have been in Mokpo for the past Price for full explanation concerning six weeks supervising some building the necessary postal arrangements. operations, and during that time the average attendance at Sunday-school was over 850, or an increase of 240 pCI' CHINA cent. in three years. And these are all • Christian Statistics to Date enrolled by name and looked afte~" O usually at least, if they are absent from VT of a total of 356,000 Protestant Christians in China, the Mission a service." Year Book gives 28.4 per cent. as Lavish Giving of Time Presbyterians, 23.3 per cent. Metho- dists, 10.1 per cent. Lutherans, 10 per K OREAN Christians' are not able to cent. Anglicans, 10 per cent. converts o£ contribute large sums in money, the China Inland Mission, 8.9 per cent. but they gladly contribute largely of Baptists, 7.9 Congregationalists, and 1.4 their time to carry the Gospel of Christ per cent. miscellaneous. The foreign into the communities where He is not missionaries are given at 5,186, and known. Chinese workers 17,879, of whom only 650 are ordained. A recent report from Korea brings the information that the Christians of tha.t counfry are now contributing more than Contrasts in Peking T 100,000 days yearly of their time for HE celebration, in April, of 50 years of work of the American Board systematic evangelization work in their own country. Two members of a Bible Mission in Peking was marked by some class in Seoul, which has'a total mem- picturesque features. Dr. Chauncey bership of 500, walked 50 miles C,arry- Goodrich, who went to Peking in 1865 ing loads of charcoal to sell in or4~r to spoke of the handfuf of poor girls who,1 cover the expense of their ten-day in- were brought together in a little school struction course. ,. in 1868, and then he pointed to the 400

selected representatives from the girls' sation was held between the rich man schools in Peking to-day, covering all and Lazarua. grades from kindergarten to college seniors. 6. Was Jesus' resurrection a resur- rection of the body? Mr. Chuan, one of the first five students whom Mr. Blodget, the first mis- 7. From whence was God? Must :le sionary sent out by the Board, per- not have been created? suaded to come to his school, told of how his mother had gathered up her 8. Has God form and substance? courage to bring her two sons to this 'Please send out some men who can awful monster, the foreigner; and of his answer all these questions to the satisown fright at this strange being who faction of young minds. I shall be glad towered so far above him. This same to resign in their favor."-Missionary timid little boy has become one of the Herald. pillars of the church in China. Two of his sons have been educated in America Union Medical College in Peking and the third plans to come this fall. The Peking -mission now includes 21 T HE China Medical Board of the outstations, 24 preaching places and 11 Rockefeller Foundation, the work of organized churches. which was outlined in the June Review, was to send three physicians to China Chinese Schoolboys' Questions . in August, to make a preliminary can- vass of the field, on which to base the REV. ELMER W .. GALT, of Paoting- board's policy. Negotiations are under fu, is having an opportunity to test way for the purchase from the London the keenness of 1:he Chinese mind. He Missionary Society of the Union Medisends a list of questions which were cal College in Peking, which will form asked him by a Sunday-school class of a, nucleus for the continuation of the first-year academy pupils, boys about work in China. Other institutions probfourteen to sixteen, and comments on ably will be acquired in other parts of them as follows: the country as opportunity presents. Meantime all attention will be tt)1'n~d "In their asking there was doubtless toward developing Union College into a little of the spirit of wanting to test a model institution of advanced learning the foreign pastor; yet the eager atten- in medicine and surgery. tion plainly showed that the prevailing atmosphere was one of keen desire to The present staff includes fourteen know how the questions were to be met. foreign physicians, all of whom will be These are the questions: retained by the Rockefeller Foundation. The Foundation becomes responsible 1. What proofs are there that Chris- only for the medical work and inedical tianity is the true religion? standards of the hospital and school, and. will not interfere in any way with .any 2. How do we know there is only one religious teaching which these mission- God? ary physicians may be incliried to under-· take, either in cOlVlection with their 3. Aren't Jesus, the Holy Spirit, and practise or outside. God the Father three Gods? It is proposed to have a board or 4. If Jesus was divine, was not his trustees, seven appointed by the Rockemother also divine? feller· Foundation; and six .by the mis-· sionary societies, one from each of the 5. Aren't heaven and hell lin· very organizations (three .American· and close proximity? Witness that conver- three British) which have been cooper- ating in the college.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

A Chinese Student's Testimony gratitude and affection on the part of the girls, and a greater tendency to look ONE of the Chinese students who upon the "Door of Hope" as their home. were enabled by the Indemnity fund to come to America to study in 1910, The other branches include a Home has described in the St. fohn's Echo for Stray Children, which is supported (published by St. John's College, Shang- by the Shanghai Municipal Council, and hai) the successive steps in his develop- has done good work. ment which led to his baptism. When he entered St. John's in 1905, a fourteen- Of the girls who have left the year-old lad, he regarded Christianity Homes in recent years 35 are students with apprehension and considered the in mission schools, three training as hosschool chapel services a nuisance. This pital nurses, five training as Bibleattitude developed into one of positive women, eight married to preachers, an<l antagonism, until he says that in 1908 16. are teachers and pupil teachers. he regarded Christianity as a big "fake" ; the missionaries as agents of their gov- Canton has forbidden slavery, and any ernments, which conspired to the ruin slave-girl who applies to the police is re- . of China; and all the Chinese converts ceived and educated. Those who can as "rice-Christians." see are sent to the "Government School for Rescued Slave Girls," and at the From the first moment of his arrival urgent request of the former chief of in America he was under the influence police, Mr., Chan King Wah, the blind of the Y. M. C. A. The Bible class girls of the singing class were committed which he attended during his University to the care of missionaries. A temporlife was a most profitable experience, ary mat shed was provided by the govand he speaks with especial emphasis of ernment for their shelter until a new the great value of the student confer- permanent building was recently comence at Lake Geneva, ~hich he attended pleted. This is known as the "Ching in 1912, in company with some forty Sam" school and was built with money other Chinese students. This seems to contributed by a wealthy Chinese gentlehave been the turning-point, for he says: man. "In the beginning of 1913 I was fully satisfied with the essential principles of INDIA Christianity, and on Easter Eve, 1913, I was baptized." THEPlague a Missionary Opportunity people of India are learning by Refuges for Chinese Girls the bitter experience of the years how to deal better with bubonic plague, T HE fourteenth annual report of the tho it has not lost its terrors. Rev. Door of Hope in Shanghai shows John Douglas, in writing of the last epithe increasing value of this work. From demic in Nagpur, says that thousands of the Industrial Home eighteen girls have people have been inoculated. There been married during the year. Two was a time when money inducements girls of strong individuality are being had to be offered; now they are coming prepared for, further service in a Bible- forward' of their own accord. The city training school. In beth, a wonderful of Nagpur is almost deserted, for the transformation of character through the people fled at the first approach of drawing power of Jesus Christ 'has been danger, and the open country for miles noticed. One girl has prov~d a disap- around is covered with booths, and is pointment, and has run away from the humming with life. Home. On the whole, however, the workers have observed an increase of "Almost every school has been closed, which sets free a considerable body of workers to devote their whole time to

preaching. Ve follow the people into and the Rajah of Cochin, was carried their encampments, and preach to them with acclamation, the whole assemhly by the roadsides or wherever a group of standing.

listeners can be brought together. They Misaionaries Taken for War Alrenta ,are in a chastened mood, and more serious and thoughtful than at any other T HE Presbyterian Mission in Western times. India has found an automobile a valuable adjunct in its touring work, and But our best opportunity is found in in the course of a recent four months' the open bazaars, where sometimes sev- trip over 200 villages were reached, and eral thousand people congregate. For probably 200,000 people preached to. the most part the ordinary market-places in the city have been closed, and the The workers report that in the vilbazaars are held on new sites far from lages meetings are better attended than the danger of infection. Some of these ever, and the eagerness of the people to have proved most conyenient for our hear the Gospel message is steadily inwork, and almost every afternoon our creasing. In one case, however, the mislittle band of workers takes its stand in sionaries have failed to secure the usual the center 'of a busy throng, who wa.it crowd to listen to thldr message. In a and listen to the message we have come small village off the main road, the to proclaim. Tracts are eagerly sought people did not see them coming until the and read, and many gospel portions have automobile drove into the midst of the been bought." bazaar. Some men who knew that a war was in progress and Indian soldiers Christian Congress in Travancore were going to the front, shouted: "They have come to take you to the war!"

ONE of the missionary problems in The people rose as with one accord and the near East and in India is the fled to the jungles, and in less than two relationship with the Armenian, N es- minutes the missionaries were the sole torian and Syrian churches. The co- inhabitants. N at until the chief officer operation that exists in Travancore is of the town sent some policemen after strikingly illustrated by the remarkable ,the fleeing villagers could any be pergathering of Christians which was held suaded to return. Even' then, not all at Kottayam, in the Native State ~ould come back, but slayed safely at Travancore, South India, on April 20, a distance until the missionaries had dewith the Anglican Bishop of Travancore parted. and Cochin as president, supported on the platform by six bishops of the Y. W. C. A. Conference in India T Syrian Church. It was the fourth ses- HE Indian National Committee Df the Young Women's Christian Assosion of the Travancore and Cochin Christian Congress. Some 2,000 Chris- ciation has issued a call for a national tians from all parts of the two Native conference, which will be held in Bom- States attended. The chairman of the bay from Dece~ber 30, 1915 to January reception committee in welcoming the 4, i916. The aim of the Conference is delegates referred to the internal dis- to bind all the Associations throughout sensions in the Syrian Church, and sug- India, Burma and Ceylon into a closer gested an appeal by the parties to the fellowship in their high purpose for the Anglican Bishops of Calcntta, Bombay, young womanhood of these lands. Re-'

Madras, and Travancore for the settle- ports of the work which has been done ment of religious disputes by arbitration. since the lQ.l't National Conference, A resolution of loyalty to the King- nearly five yli;iI,rs ago, will be presented, 'Emperor, the Maharajah of Travancore, the policy of work for the ensuing four

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

years will be outlined, and the National MOSLEMS IN ASIA Committee and its officers will be elected. Turks Persecuting Native Christians A Moslem Mullah Accepts Christ A MESSAGE from Athens to the FROM Peshawar, on the ngrthwest New York Times states that Amer: frontier of Itldia, the C. M. S. Ga- ican travelers arrlVl11g there from zette reports the baptism of a Moslem, Turkey report that both Armenians and who has been until· the last few months Greeks, the two native Christian races a mullah at a mosque in that city. By of Turkey, are being systematically upsome means or other he came across a rooted from their homes en masse anq Bible in the mosque, and read a good driven forth summarily to distant prodeal of its contents. He was attracted vinces, where they are scattered in small by its teaching, and desiring to have it groups among Turkish villages and explained went to the cantonment mag- given the choice between immediate aCe istrate, in order to ask him about Chris- ceptance of Islam or death by the sword tianity. The magistrate listened to his or starvation. Their homes and proprequest with much kindness, and sent erty meanwhile are being immediately him with a note to the senior Church taken possession of by their Turkish Missionary Society missionary at Pesh- neighbors or by immigrants from Maceawar, who was, however, absent in the donia. hills. A Moslem friend told him that he could find out all he wanted by attend- Throughout the vilayets of Erzerum, ing the daily preaching at the Church Van, Bitlis, Diarbekr, Harput, Sivas, Missionary Society hospital, adding that and Adana the Armenians have been "the missionaries gave good medicine pitilessly evicted by tens of thousands but bad teaching." So the mullah be- and driven off to die in the desert gan to attend the preaching, tho he ap- n("ar Konia or to Upper Mesopotamia or plied for no medical treatment. After a the Iberian desert. These figures do not fortnight, Dr. Lankester discovered why include thousands massacred by the he came, and he was carefully instruct- Kurds or hanged without trial by the ed. About the end of 1913, he said that Turkish authorities all over Armenia. he could not 'possibly go on conducting The Greeks are faring little better, ex- Moslem prayers in the mosque. Ac- cept that they are not being massacred. cordingly, he left it and came to the hospital, where he was supported until Turkish Tales of German Victories he found employment in a missionschool. A RESIDENT in Jerusalem during the early months of the war wrih~s Buddhist Priest Becomes a Christian that the wondrous tales of victories set abroad by the Turks in the Palestinian U PO THIT, a yellow-robed phoon- capital might have served for a new • gyi priest of Buddha, in the city of edition of the "Arabian Nights." One Syriam, Burma, has become a disciple of Arabic paper described how a Zeppelin Christ. Such instances are very rare- had visited Petrograd, ,and by means of for a priest of Buddha, protected and a powerful magnet drawn up the Czar cared for, lives a life of ease. .His po- and taken him captive; then it proceeded sition is exalted and his followers wor- to Paris and in like manner took up the ship him. Having a knowledge of herbs President of the French Republic; and and toots, . he will become a Burmese then proceeding to Buckingham Palace doctor and go among his people, healing it caught up King George! Another the sick and preaching Christ. report was that London was being bom- barded from Antwerp by the big guns which had been sprung as a surprize

upon the world. Paris at this time, too, be a large event in the history of this was in the hands of the Germans, and a big, busy world," writes Dr. Hoskins.• fleet of Zeppelins was about to raid "but for me personally it means much, London! A comment made on these and with God's blessing the completed victories by a peasant deserves notice. task wiII mean more for all who rev':!r- He said he could not understand how ence and study the Word of God in the Germans were always victorious. Arabic for decades to come." "Mohammed in his wars did not always meet with victory; is the Kaiser greater L Disorders in Turkey than Mohammed?"-Sunday at Home. ETTERS from the missionaries in all parts of the Turkish empire Distress in Palestine report the missIOnaries as safe and in general well. Reference is frequently LETTERS from Palestine report made to the strain of the times through . great destitution in Jerusalem and which they are passing and to events other parts of the land. There have been that may not be described but are fuIl of no imports since last August. Tile in- excitement. Constant watchfulness, ternal resources have been taxed to patience, .adaptability, quick· decision. supply· the army. Food is both scarce both gentleness and firmness-all are reand exceedingly dear. The tourist trade, quired by those who seek to ll!aintain which gave employment to many, and missionary work in the midst of such brought much money to the country, is stormy conditions. cut off, and with it the manufacture of fancy articles, souvenirs and trinkets Turkish Attacks on Christiana which was the chief industry. Agricul.. ture is hampered by the absence of the REPORTS of important events. of able-bodied men in the army. Banking which no mention can be made m has been suspended for many months. missionary letters, tell of the entrance Three women missionaries of the Chris- of the Russian forces into Van and the . tian and Missionary Alliance are carry- establishment of Russian rule in that ing on the school and other work of region; of feverish conditions at Conthat society in Jerusalem, and the stantinople, with rumors of collapse and Syrian staff are said to be doing their of flight; of threatened massacres of Arpart nobly. Missionaries both at home menians at Marash and Aintab, averted and still on the field believe that the end through the diligence of local ·officials of the war will bring unparalleled op- and of representatives of foreign govportunities 111 Palestine. – Alliance ernments; of fighting, outrage, and pil- Weekly. lage at Zeitoon and other villages near Marash, and of the deporting of many Ref'erence Bible in Arabic Completed families of Christians therefrom far to the south into the Mosul-Baghdad re- THE Rev. Franklin E. Hoskins, D.D., gion; of the report that all the Christian of the Presbyterian Board of For- male population of Marash are to be eign Missions at Beirut, Syria, an- caIled as soldiers and their families 1I0unces the completion of the Reference then deported, the first levy having al- Bible in Arabic. The task has included ready been made. This is regarded as the adaptation of a new set of refer- a plan for breaking down the Christian ences to the Arabic text and the putting population without bloodshed and with the whole First· Font Reference Bible the color of legality. into electroplates. The preparation of the MSS. has occupied exactly seven Involving the separation of families, years. The making of the plates will the outraging of women, the confiscatiun be completed in six years. "It may not "f property and personal insult to the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

members of entire communities, of The Sunday-school Secretary for which but a few persons are guilty of Egypt, Rev. Stephen van R. Trow- any disloyalty, this deportation means bridge, is offering these illustrated leaf- the crushing of the educated and able lets as prizes, one to be given away to Christian population of the Marash field each scholar who fills any of the follow- and a blow at American missionary in- ing conditions: 1. Perfect attendance in terests, menacing the results of more the Sunday-school for three consecutive than fifty years of work and many thon- months; 2. Bringing to Sunday-school sands of dollars of expenditure.-The one new Moslem scholar; or 3. Learning Missionary Herald (JULY). and reciting by heart Psalm 23 and 103, AFRICA Isaiah 55, and Matthew 5. Copies may be offered also to all new Christian Endeavor in Egypt Moslem scholars as they enter. Besides AMONG the troops encamped in dif- this it is hoped to make extensive use ferent suburbs of Cairo, Egypt, of these parables among Moslem schools writes Miss Anna Y. Thompson, of the where there is yet no prospect of the American Mission, "we have met a good Sunday-school. many that have been members of their home Christian Endeavor societies, Good News From South Africa especially men from New Zealand. At REV. FREDERICK B. BRIDGMAN one camp at least there have been large writes from Johannesburg: "Since Christian Endeavor meetings conducted last writing we have opened work in by the men and their chaplains. Chris-' eight compounds in different parts of tian people have also opened their houses the 60 miles of the Rand. This means to many of the soldiers. The mission that ,in each of these compounds we has rented rooms for meetings at Heli- have a group of from 15 to 50 young opolis, and during the week these rooms men who are either cOl1verts, inquirers, are turned into' soldiers' rest-rooms. or at lea~t interested enough to attend Two ladies devote their time to this night school, which often leads to con- work, assisted by the Endeavorers. In version. At Randfontein, an important Assuan many attend the Young Men's center, we have just secured the grant Christian Endeavor society that meets in of a church lot and we are now after the Coptic Church. Connected with the the building. At the other end of the Evangelical Church there is a women's reef is Benoni, where some 30,000 na- society with 21 members. In Khartum tives are employed. A special gift is there is a society in a girls' boarding- now supporting a. capable preacher here. '

school. It was interesting to listen to The work opened last year at Roset- the prayers of the Coptic girls and of tenville is encouraging, three languages some girls of the Sudan Moslem tribes, being used in each service. Only a one of whom thanked God for His fraction of the above work c:lt1ld have precious word, while another prayed for been started, let alone the care now re-_ the poor.-Christian Endeavor World. qui red, but for the motor cycle. In For Egyptian Children these few months it has carried me 3,000 miles without a failure.-Missionary T HE World's Sunday-school Associa- Herald. tion is distributing among the Moslem children in Egypt and North Presbyterians in West Africa T Africa a number of simple iIIustrated HE work of the Presbyterian Board in West Africa is carried on at six parables prepared by Miss 1. LiIIi'l.s Trotter, illustrated and printed by the principal stations. Benito on the coast, Nile Mission Press. in Spanish Guinea, and Batanga (als))

on the coast), Efulen, Elat, Lolodorf words have been gathered. Several pas- and Metet in the interior in German sages from the Bible have been trans- Kamerun. Batanga has been deserted lated. Some school charts have been by the missionaries, who have gone to prepared. Three itinerating trips have Benito for the present. There are at been made during the quarter. Number present on the field, out of a total of 58 of villages in which services were held missionaries, 34-eight of these at Benito 21. The reception was everywhere very and the rest in the interior. Letters cordial. In· each case the wife of the which have come from the latter in- missionary making the trip accompanied dicate that the missionaries are all in him, and her presence did much to in- safety and are carrying on most of their crease the good result of the trip. Not work, in spite of the difficulties caused only have we now a better idea of the by the war. From Metet Mr. Johnson villages within working distance of the writes: "The mission is doing every- mission, but we have received requests thing possible to keep the work going to send teachers, and many chiefs have with as little distraction as possible. sent boys or young men to us to learn Here at Metet we kept our station school of our work.-D. L. Mumpower, Wem- going, both for girls and boys, and all bo-Niama.

the village schools are kept up, altho the attendance has fallen off very much and EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN the pupils are in many cases unable to British Finances pay the tuition." Rev. Melvin Fraser, THE editor of the Missionary Press of Elat, reports: "Our American citizen- bureau has compiled a statement conship-by which we missionaries are cerning the contributions raised annually altogether neutral, and mean to keep so, in the United Kingdom for missionary -is our good fortune." purpbses by the Protestant churches.

Missionary Activity in the Kongo Various deductions may be made from the figures. The population of th<: CHRISTMAS was celebrated by a United Kingdom is 46,089,249, and the union meeting of the Wembo-Niama total contributions for missions overseas congregation and the station congrega- are about £2,333,275, so that, per head of tion. Number present, 367. It had been population, a little more than one shilling previously announced that the collection (or, to be more accurate, 1s. 1-6d.) is would be given to the poor. It was very contributed annually for missions over- gratifying to see the response of the seas. This may be contrasted with the people to this appeal. The collection following statistics: amounted to 11.40 francs in money, 5Y; 1914. 1915.

bushels millet, 1 bushel corn, 3 bunches £ s. d. £ s. d. bananas, 1 bunch plantains, 1 chicken, Amount per head of some eggs, salt, rice, beans, palm nuts, peanuts, and other articles. Several overseas trade … 10 13 0 11 8 0 young men have been received as pros- Amount per head pective evangelists and teachers. They spend their time in the morning at spent on alCoholic manual labor for the mission, attending liquors ………. 3 5 0 3 14 0 school and catechumen class. In the Amount per head afternoon they are kept busy in some spent on tobacco o and smoking ap- o 14 0 pliances ……… 12 0 Amount per head contributed for missions overseas 0 o 11~ 0 1 0'/0 kind of work preparatory to their fu- Great Britain is at war, and the ques- ture service. Seven is the present enrol- 'tion may be asked, Can she afford to ment. 48 typewritten pages of Batetcla continue her missionary contributions?

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

In reply, one striking fact may be men- under way at 150 centers, in charge of tioned. Every British state or depen- about 300 secretaries. In a month there dency that has benefited by the work of were 300 centers, with 600 secretaries; missionaries came to the mother country and at present the work has spread to with generous offers of material assist- embrace 700 centers, with over 3,000 ance on the outbreak of hostilities. secretaries, many of whom are volunteer university men in addition to the regular British Workers in Conference men of association staffs. These secre- T HE secretaries of the various British taries are given a recognized standing missionary societies gathered in with the army in the form of commis- Swanwick in June for a short period of sions as special service officers, with the fellowship and conference. There were rank of lieutenant. Most of the centers present approximately one hundred of work are in the great training camps, workers, men and women, representing where the men are prepared for the the larger and smaller missionary socie- actual field fighting; but it has also been ties, with their auxiliary organizations. possible to extend the service into the Among the effects of the war which war zones, for the maintenance of clean were considered were the upheaval in standards of army life. There are now the Moslem world; the vast changes twenty-nine Young Men's Christian As- taking place in the relationship of nation sociation centers behind the lines in to nation which can not but affect mis- France, the activities being carried ')n sionary bodies; the internment of mis- in big shacks erected specially for this sionaries in certain fields affected by the purpose, with funds which have becn war, leading to the neglect of large raised by appeals to the people.

bodies of native Christians; and the al- tered balance between Roman Catholic THE CONTINENT and Protestant missions. Mission to Jews in Rumania It was with much encouragement and A WORKER of the Swedish Jewish gratitude to God that those present :it Mission in Rumania writes: "The the conference' learned that, in spite of work here among the Jews can not be more than ten months of war, the work compared with any other work. The of British missionary societies was, in people hunger and thirst after the Word nearly every case, being maintained ;n of God. Jassy is a city of 75,000 infairly normal conditions. In facing the habitants, at least 60,000 of whom are future, with its probable financial ditli- Jews. . . . Altho the Jews have no civil culties, it was recognized by all that the rights in Rumania, yet all commerce maintenance of God's work depended and industry is in their hands. The more upon the spiritual condition of Jewish Mission works mainly for Israel God's people than on the financial affairs through their schools. Pastor Adeney, of the nation.-London Christian. in Bukarest, has 2,000 J ewi~h children Y. M. C. A. and the War in two large institutions; in Galatz, Pastor Johnson has 200 children in one W HEN the war became a certainty, school, and here in J assy the Swedish there was an immediate call from Jewish Mission has a girls' school with the army staff in England for the assist- just 100 girls. It is a joy to witness ance of the Young Men's Christian As- how the larger girls are seeking the sociation, which was recognized for its truth. Every Sunday we have meetings previous work with the army in both for adult Jews. Saturday the hall is training and actual warfare. Within always full."-Evangelischer Missions- two weeks the Association had work bote. .

Louee in the War longing for God's Word. This will enable us to put that Word into hun- FIGURES on the losses of the prin- dreds of thousands of hands where it cipal powers engaged in the war, would not otherwise be placed, and will cause it to be read as it would not otherfurnished by the Red Cross, illustrate wise have been read. Many feel also the immensity of the conflict now raging that this act is likely to have far-reachin Europe, Asia and Africa. The losses ing influence on the relations of Russia total 8,831,000. The total lost in the and America." first six months of fighting was 2,146,- 000, divided as follows: Germany, 482,- AMERICA 000; Austria, 341,000; France, 464,000; Great Britain, 1l6,OOO; Russia, 733,000. Training Pastors for Immigrants The losses of the Belgians, Serbians, Montenegrins, Turks and Japanese are AMERICA will be made or marred by not included in the summary, exact her immigrant population. One figures not being obtainable. Following solution of the p~oblem is offered by the is the Red Cross complete'table of losses College and Seminary at Dubuque, Iowa, to June 1st: which is fitting 236 young men, who speak thirty different languages, to Germany. Killed Wounded Prisoners Total preach Christ to their own people. Austria . 482,000 857,000 233,000 1,572,000 Adrian Van Vliet, Hollander, and France 341,000 701,000 183,000 1,225,000 small tailor, in Dubuque more than 60 Britain 464,000 1,157,.000 495.000 2,116.000 years ago, saw the needs of the German Russia 116,000 224,000 83,000 433,000 immigrants, who were pouring into this 733,000 country without ministers. Their re- -1,98-2,0-00 -77-0,00-0 -3,4-85,0-00 ligious habits were largely broken up, ~o Total .2,136,000 he went from house to house telling 4,921,0001,764,000 8,831,000 them the old story of God's love. With no advantage of university culture, he TAmerican Gifts Welcomed in Russia fitted himself for the ministry, by HE Gospels which have been pur- prayer and study of the- Scriptures, and chased by the gifts of American was then called as pastor of a German Sunday-school scholars for European church. Immediately he saw that to soldiers have been especially appreciated evangelize the immigrants you must in Russia. The Empress wishes to have educate their young men to be preachers them given in the name of the Czare- to their own people. vitch, and has directed that the following inscription be printed in each ont': His first step was to take two young "His Imperial Highness, the Czarevitch, Germans into his home, and fit them for Heir Apparent and Grand Duke Alex- such work. Souls were saved, and ander Nickolaivitch most graciously churches organized. Van Vliet refused presents this Gospel which has been sent any compensation. His two students to him by a Sunday-school scholar in soon increased to eighteen, and two America," small adjoining buildings were trans- formed into dormitories. In 1864 the Mr, Kilburn, of the American Bible school was placed under the care of the Society, writes: "I need not say how Presbyteries of Dubuque and Dane, and greatly this will add to the value of the in 1870 it came under the control of the books in the eyes of the men who re- General Assembly. ceive them. Whatever else may be destroyed, these books will not be. They In 1902 Rev. Dr. C. M. Steffens came will be handed down from generation to to the College, as its President, and from generation while time shall last. It m:1.y that time progress has been rapid. be well doubted if a more gracious and helpful act could be done. The hearts of the people of this mighty Empire are

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Chinese Students Baptized The Committee hopes to give the T HREE Chinese students were bap- Gospel message to about 750,000 men, tized at a senrice at Northfield, women and children this season, as Massachusetts, on July 4th, the last day against 613,437 people last year. It will of the Northfield Conference. They were cost $30,000 to carryon this work.

Sum Ou, of Columbia University; Henry Campbell White Gael to Wooster J Quock Quon Chin, of Worcester High CAMPBELL WHITE, general sec- – • retary of the Laymen's Missionary School, and George Kwock Jew Chin, of Worcester Grammar School. The Movement, has accepted the presidency baptism was performed by Bishop T. S. Henderson, of the Metho- of Wooster Collegtl, Ohio, of which he is a graduate. He sees in the new podist Episcopal Church; Rev. Huie sition an opportunity to influence the Kin, pastor of the Chinese Presby- most important single factor in the misterian Church of New York city, and sionary problem-leaders, and says: Rev. D. W. Lyon, minister of the Pres- "Wooster is training more Christian byterian Church and associate general leaders than any other Presbyterian colsecretary of the national committee, lege in America, and she is capable of Y. M. C. A. of China. The baptism of doing vastly more. We hope to be able these students leaves only a few of the to improve the quality of Christian lead- 53 Chinese delegates at the conference ers, not only for the ministry and miswho are not members of the church. Six sion fields, but for every calling in life." Chinese were also publicly baptized at He states also that he hopes as a volunthe Student Conference at Eaglesmere, teer worker to be able to contribute to Pa., in July. the Laymen's Missionary Movement, Evangelistic Work in New York with which he has so long been con- nected, certain things which were not THE Evangelistic Committee of New possible for an employed officer. Inci- York City has planned an aggressive dentally, his relation to the National campaign for the remaining months of Missionary Campaign of that movement 1915. Their decennial report shows that for the coming winter will remain unin the ten years of their work they have changed. preached the Gospel to 4,181,564 people representing 28 known nationalities and Jewish Miuion in Montreal T 43 known occupations. Men and women HERE are about 55,000 Jews in the City of Montreal, 45,000 of them who have committed almost every sin, including a man who has been a mur- being in a crowded area two miles in derer, have been brought to Jesus Christ, length and about 3,000 feet wide. The and numbers of their converts have en- Canadian Presbyterian Church has now tered active Christian service. opened a mission among them, and has This year there is a new spirit of called Rev. Elias Newman to take charge earnestness in the city, a spirit born of of it. He was brought up in England the awful war in Europe. it has been and when he was fifteen years of age said that every great war in the last few he was converted to Christianity. After hundred years has been followed by :J. studying at Berlin, and in Glasgow, he great revival. The whispers of the spent over two years in Jewish Mission- coming revival are even now being ary work in London, in connection with heard, its breath is all"eady felt, and the the Mildmay Ilission to the Jews. In crowd is asking for something sure, I9II he came to the United States and something that will help in this hour of took a special theological coutse in need. Louisville, Kentucky.

Mr. Newman has been engaged in a for church hospital in Salt Lake City, survey of the Jewish community, as well $I36,000; for poor relief, $116,000; for as doing personal work. A suitable church offices, $99.000. It was also stated building has been secured and all pre- that outside of tithes, local church orparations are being made for establish- ganizations had given $150,000 for the ing aggressive Gospel work among the relief of the poor and $33,000 for war Jewish people of Montreal. The Cana- relief to Mormons in Europe. It will be dian Episcopal church has also taken up observed that the account of disburseseriously its responsibility for the Jews, mentS' leaves something like $150,000 of and has inaugurated missions in Hamil- receipts unaccounted for.-The Conton, Toronto and Montrea1.-The Pres- tinent. byterian. Prospect of Union in Canada Satisfactory Conditions in Canada THE Review has reported from time HO Canada is sending her sons in to time the negotiations looking to- T large numbers to the war, the report ward the union of Presbyterians, Concomes from Toronto that the Canadian gregationalists and Methodists in Canmissionary boards are sending out their ada, which have been carried on for a missionaries, both returning and' new, number of years. Their consummation almost as usual, the difference being that has been brought much nearer by the not quite so many appointments are recent action of the Presbyterian Asbeing made. The financial condition of sembly, which in its annual meeting at the Canadian Boards is also said to be Kingston, Ontario, voted in favor of good, in spite of the very large gifts hy the union by the remarkable verdict of Canadian people to Red Cross, Belgian 368 to 74. One year ago the adverse Relief, patriotic and local unemployment vote was 29 per cent. of the Assembly, funds. while the recent vote was 16.7 per cent. This result was the more significant :n FOR Mormon Finances view of the fact that the gathering was the firs.t time in its history, the the largest in the history of the church Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter and because the chief obstacle in the Day Saints has made public a financial way of immediate action has been in report. To b~ sure, it is not audited by Presbyterianism. Some of the ablest any chartered public accountant, but and most enthusiastic champions of the however accurate or inaccurate, it is at movement are in the Assembly, but the least a report, and the mere fact of its strength of the opposition has made propublication is evidence that the Mormon gress slower than in the other two leaders have felt the s'evere reflections bodies.-Congregationalist. visited by so many critics upon their policy of silence and mystery in financial LATIN AMERICA affairs. Faithful Laymen in Mexico The" statement was laid before the an- THE initiative and ability of the nual conference of the church in the Salt Lake tabernacle on Easter Sunday. It native 'Mexican workers have been shows that the tithe collections of the proven in various recent crises in revoorganization in T9I4 were $I,887,920. lutionary Mexico. The Sunday-school The disbursements specified out of this superintendent of the church at Aguasenormous sum were as followS': For calientes has taken charge of the servchurch buildings, $73I,000; for church ices for several months in the absence schools, $33I,000; for church temples, of the pastor, and the usual offerings $64,000; for missionary work, $228,000; have been taken for the support of the poor.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

This same man was elected to the grant that this may be more than mere State Legislature under the Madero Ad- curiosity, and that His servant may be ministration. The Catholic element filled with the Spirit of the Lord so that fought him from the beginning because he may be mighty to lead this people to he was a Protestant. Yet he proved so Jesus Christ."

firm a force for righteousness that the.

opposition retracted and issued posters ISLANDS OF THE SEA stating that even tho he was a Protes- "Twelve Apostles" in the Philippines tant he had made a good deputy.

In the absence of the' lady mission- D URING a recent Conference of aries at Colegio Morelos, one of the Filipino Christians at Iloilo, P. L, graduates, a teacher in the school for a number of the delegates held a preachten years, with remarkable tact and ing service in the village plaza. One of ability has attended to all business the native preachers mounted a chair touching the school property. and spoke to the crowd that quickly gathered. A village alderman there- In Saltillo another layman has kept upon picked up a club and drove the up the regular services in the absence of crowd away. Some, however, refus~d the missionary. The attendance and to be driven and others returned to hear enthusiasm we are told have not abated what the preacher had to say. a whit and very liberally has the congregation contributed to the poor and needy. The next afternoon another service was held in the same place, when t'he Good News From Brazil American missionary had taken the pre- caution to obtain permission of the REV. ASHMUN C. SALLEY, Flor- Presidente to hold the service. A pro- ianapolis, Brazil, writes: "I am cession from the Roman Catholic church, just back from Tres Riachos where the passing down the side street, halted, and Gospel was preached for the first time. turned back. The "twelve Apostles," The m~etings were finely attended. I who were leading the procession, picked found about ten persons who wished to up clubs, and started to drive the Prot- be baptized. These were the fruits of estants off the plaza. Inspired by the seed sown about twelve years ago, in example of the "apostles" many men the form of two Bibles left in that and boys picked up clubs, stones, and vicinity by a colporteur. A friend visit- cluds or dirt, and added their quota to ing a village nearby, shortly after the the melee. The chairs and the bench series of meetings, was told that the used for a pulpit were demolished, but priest said that a mass movement to- the mob failed to get at the portable ward Protestantism was in progress in organ. "Kill the Americano," shouted Tres Riachos. I have no such high ex- some, "he is the leader of the devils."

pectation, as the gate is narrow and few Two policemen who should have pre- enter thereby. However, the Spirit of vented the disorder, only ran about seek- God opened a great door of opportunity ing the names of the rioters, The for us. It seemed as tho the people casualties included one man wounded, never would get tired. I know that more many feelings hurt, considerable temper than one went home to work from mid- lost, and several broken chairs. There night until morning and came out the have been other cases of' stoning next day to a noon s'ervice, Sunday preachers, but not by a whole mob as in evening I was obliged to hold an after this case. The spirit and temper of the service to satisfy those who could' not Roman Catholic church has not changed.

get within hearing during the first, God The Presidente of the village and the

Justice of the Peace have promised to He writes: "A wave of hopelessn(:ss investigate and to punish the leaders. sweeps over one when confronted by a mass of Moro or pagan adults. But it The Transformation of an Island is not so with their children. They are as impressionable, as appealing, as lov- N AURU, a tiny island, 400 miles away ·able as any children of any color in the from the others of the Marshall whole world. You can see the latent group, to which it belongs, with a popu- intelligence in their eyes; the skill resi- lation of about 1,500 savages, only a dent in their slender, sensitive fingers; little removed from cannibalism, has the power in their comely, half-clad or been for the last sixteen years the field wholly naked bodies. Only opportunity of Rev. Philip A. Delaporte. During is lacking, and that we must supply or that period he has reduced their meager be guilty in the sight of heaven." language to writing, has translated into it the Old and New Testament and over MISCELLANEOUS 100 hymns, and the entire population can read and write and sing from notes. I The Missionary Message All the people are said to be sincere T is the overwhelming conviction of Christians. the leaders throughout these great fields that there must ·be a vast increa~e Both the New Testament and the in the number of missionaries in the hymn book were published on Nauru immediate future. On this point there Island, and printed in the native tongue was not a single dissenting voice in conon a hand-press, which was sent down nection with any of the conferences. It as a gift by the Hawaiian Mission So- was one unbroken appeal from the time ciety of Honolulu. I landed in Ceylon until I left the Japanese Islands. The requests were Mr. and Mrs. Delaporte are aCCOHl- not stated in general terms, but based panied on their trip to the United States on actual facts. It was found that in by Tim Detudano, a full-blooded native, each one of the areas in which conferwho has helped with the translations, ences were held, even in territories which and has been a teacher in the Nauru are commonly thought to be fairly well schools.-Christian Herald. occupied, there are great stretches Jf unoccupied territory, even in regions Philippine Moslem Children like the Ganges Valley, the Yangtse Valley, and Japan. In Japan, for ex- BISHOP BRENT appeals for the in- ample, it was the unanimous judgment dustrial training of the children of of all the workers that 80 per cent. of the Mohammedan Moros in the Philip- the total population have not yet heard pines. He says that the ignorance of the facts of the Christian Gospel.We the people is so dense, their customs so had, at the Japanese conference, all the uncouth, and their ideas of life so un- recognized leaders of the Japanese tutored, that a child has but a poor Church, both foreign and native. They chance at best. Up to the present the carne to the unanimous judgment that government has done little to educate we must double the number of evanthe Moro, but what has been accom- gelistic mIssIOnaries in Japan; that plished among the savage mountain means· over 400 new foreign missiontribes elsewhere in the ~hi1ippines cn- aries in Japan,' if possible, within the courag-es the belief that equal effort will next three or four years.-JoHN R. meet with equal success among the MaTT. Moros. The training outlined by the Bishop will only cost one dollar a week per child for buildings and equipment.

ONMI~IONS m/

AND MISSION "Ittl LANDS /" /.

/ / …,…, ………….. ;:./ …… ·, …. _.w ……

l.

Unity and Missions. By the Rev. Arthur of disunion he proceeds to showing the present unfortunate situation in the J. Brown, D.D. 8vo. 319 pp. $1.50. Christian Church at home and abroad. He indicates the doctrinal unity on es- Fleming H. Revell Co., 1915. sentials and the misleading assumptions that keep Christians apart. Finally, he This powerful plea for Christian unity considers various proposals for unity is packed full of facts-great facts, indis- and cooperation and pictures the coming putable facts, telling facts. The argu- consummation. The cause of Christian ment is clear and sound, fearless and unity is worth living to attain and worth convincing. Dr. Brown does not hesi- dying to achieve. tate to speak some truths that may be unpalatable, but he speaks them in love The Christian Movement in the Japanand for the glory of God. Withal the ese Empire, 1915. Edited by Rev. John book is full of life and incident. L. Dearing, D.D. 8vo. 686 pp. $1.25. The Missionary Education Movement, There is a vast difference between New York. unity and uniformity. The latter is not This annu",l volume, published for the advocated nor even immediate organic union. The principle and program for Conference of Federated Missions in which this book contends is the "one- Japan, has a unique value. It contains ness" for which our Lord prayed-the an abundance of information obtainable unity which will prevent unnecessary nowhere else and much that would rewaste and duplication of effort; which quire diligent and prolonged search to will emphasize the agreement of Chris- secure. Over 140 missionaries have tians on the great essential truths of contributed to this thesaurus of in- Revelation and will acknowledge· all formation on Japan up-to-date. Be- Christians as one body of which Christ sides a general survey there are sections is the head. It is difficult to understand on missionary organizations and churchhow anyone can read the facts and es Christian literature and education, arguments set forth by Dr. Brown and independent miSSIOns, social service, still consent to any phase of denomi- obituaries. Also a large division is denational rivalry or jealousy. Why voted to Korea. The appendices relate should a Presbyterian or Episcopal to the Conference of federated missions, church or mission be planted in a field the Japan continuation committee, already occupied by another denomi- Christian Eleemosynary institutions, nation unless there is room for both to etc. Here we find the Japan evanflourish and cooperate in their work for gelistic work described and the only uprighteousness and against evil? The to-date accurate figures on mission work Church of Christ can learn some valu- in Japan and Korea. able lessons from the cooperation of the Allies or the unity of the German and Efficiency Points. By W. E. Doughty. Austrian armies in the present war. l6mo. 105 pp. 50 cents. baymen's Mis- sionary Movement, New York, 1915. Dr. Brown's rounded study and skil- Here is an excellent little companion ful marshalling of facts has given us a classic on the subject. From the causes study book to Mr. Doughty's previous

volume, "The Call of the W orId." That Beginning with God and one man in was a masterpiece for brevity, clearness and force, on the need and the duty of whom the Spirit of God dwelt, the work world evangelization. This second study book consists of studies in some has grown until now, without any of the missionary ideals, methods and dynamic. The little volume is packed full special church constituency at home to of ideas tersely and forcefully exprest. It is also a storehouse of facts-not draw on for support, there are over one merely of opinions. The Bible is shown to be preeminently a missionary book; thousand missionaries on the field, bethe method by which Christianity is spread is proved to be mainly by the sides nearly 1,700 paid Chinese helpers personal work of laymen as well as (1£ the clergy; the importance of money as and 50,000 communi~ants baptized in an asset in the Christian propaganda is demonstrated; above all, the power of the fifty years. . prayer in supplying effiCiency is clearly proven. Facts, arguments, incidents and The story is told simply and faithillustrations abound as well as epigrammatic sentences that suggest rich fully by decades to show the steps by themes for further study and discourses. which God has led Hudson Taylor and his associates. There are wonderful in- stances to show God's guidance, His Providential protection and provision for His messengers, and the spiritual fruitage of the work. It is a valuable record, in fifty chapters, to enhearten every missionary of the Gospel.

NEW BOOKS The Missions Code. Edited by Charles The Christian Movement in the Japan- L. Boynton. Bvo, 726 pp. Foreign Mis- ese Empire, Including Korea and For- sions Conference of North America, mosa. A Year Book for 1915. Thirteenth New York, 1915. annual issue. John Lincoln Dearing, edi- The European war has temporarily tor. 12mo. xxiv-686. $1.25, postpaid. The Missionary Education Movement, 156 interrupted the use of cable codes to Fifth Avenue, New York, 1915. wa~ring nations.· The many codes in use have been a source of inconvenie-nce The Missions Code. Compiled and puband uncertainty. Here is one that com- lished by authority of the Foreign Misbines the excellences of all and adds sions Conference of North America, for many new features that will lessen the use by Foreign Missions Boards and cost of cablegrams and will help in the their correspondents. Charles L. Boyntransmission and translation of mes- ton, B.A., editor. Bvo, xviii-724 pp. Forsages. Twenty-five thousand mission- eign Missions Conference, 25 Madison aries can benefit by this code in addition Avenue, New York, 1915. to countless travelers and friends at home. It was composed under the Among Missions in the Orient, and Ob- servations by the Way. By J. S. Hartzdirection of a committee of the Foreign Missions Conference. The result is a ler and J. S. Shoemaker. Bvo. 467 pp.

masterpiece. It will be a boon to all $1.50. Jos. S. Shoemaker, Freeport, Ill. who have cablegrams to send to antI 1915. from foreign lands. Comrades in Service. By Margaret E. Burton. 12mo. 196 pp. Illustrated. Mis- sionary Education Movement, New York, 1915. The New Life in Christ Jesus. By C. I. Scofield, D.D. 12mo. 117 pp. 50 cents, net. Bible Institute Colportage Associa- tion, Chicago, 1915. . Getting Things from God. A Study of the Prayer Life. By Charles A. Blanchard, The Jubilee Story of the China Inland D.D. 12mo. 270 pp. Paper, 35 cents, net. Cloth, 75 cents, not. Bible Institute Colportage Association, Chicago, 1915. Mission. By Marshall Broomhall.. Il- Soule's Dictionary of English Synolustrated. Map. Bvo. 386 pp. $1.25. China Inland Mission, London, Phila- nyms. Revised edition. $2.50. J. B. Lippincott Co, Philadelphia, 1915. delphia, Toronto, 1915. . The Heart of Jainism. By Mrs. Sinclair The history of fifty years of this re- Stevenson, Sc.D. 336 pp. 7s. 6d., net. markable mission is well worth reading. Oxford University Press, 1915

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1912

S CENES I N JAPAN , KOREA AND .FO

1. The Old Pagoda at Seoul, K orea. 10. The Y. M. C. A. in Tokyo, Japan. 2. lf.edical Students at Syen Chun. Korea. 11. The Sevcrcnce H ospital in Seoul, Korea. 3. Am erican Sail o r~ at the Statu e of Buddha, 12. l1:issi onaries Traveling in Tapan. T oky o. 13. The City Gate at Pycng Yan$", Korea. 4. A Kindergarten Band at Hiroshima School. 14. Some Hairy Ainu of North Japan. .

5. D!.a~:~cl:ay doing Practical Missionary Work 15. Gids F rom the Mission School at Sycn Chun, in Formosa. Korea.

~: ~dd~ls~ept~fes~se~~tiKo~:a!apan. 16. A Korean Cou ntry Gentleman With Wife and Mother. 8. The First Woman Convert in North Formosa. 9. "Box Car" Traveling in Korea. 17. Boys of the Okoyama Orphanage, Japan. 18. The Stone Image Outside th e East Gate of S eDu1, Korea.

Missionary

@ of the World ~ VOL. XXXV. No.9. SEPTEMBER, 1912 VOL. xxv. No.9. Old Series New Series Signs of the Times THE FURTHER NEWS FROM KOREA and then the church decided to d@ Japanese do not seem to show without officers. Such procedure looks like persecution of Christians, any disposition to remedy the evils not like an effort to stop a con- spiracy." connected with the imprisonment of The trial is now in progress and at Korean Christians. They deny the present, from a public standpoint everything is quiet but conditions are charge that the prisoners are sub- very serious. The testimony extorted from prisoners by torture fills many jected to torture, but the evidence is thousand pages, and, of course, will be used to prove a conspiracy and to too strong to be set aside by any incriminate the missionaries if possi- ble. general denial on the part of those If there were any conspiracy most interested. What the Koreans among Christians the sensible way for the Japanese to deal with it would and the missionaries ask is a fair be to secure the cooperation of the missionaries in winning loyalty and deal with trial in open court and per- insuring the support of Korean Christian leaders. The missionaries mission to employ attorneys for the might do much to secure the loyal obe- dience of Christians to Japanese laws accused. Our latest communication .and might agree to discourage any seditious organization or movements. from those who know the facts was But the method of wholesale impris- onment and torture is tyranny and is not trusted to the Japanese mail, but calculated to alienate all those who might be the strongest allies of was sent out of the country by the righteousness and good government.

hand of a traveler.

"Some of the prisoners have gone insane from the torture inflicted by the Japanese in order to extort con- fessions. They tie the thumbs be- hind the back and string the victim up; or they crush their knuckles in a machine or plunge their arms into unbearably hot water and threaten them with hot irons. In one church they arrested all the officers, and when new ones were elected these were arrested. This was done twice The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITOR. Japanese heathenism seems to have were suspected of being affected by the upper hand of Japanese civiliza- disloyalty and of being sympathizers tion and intelligence. with and abettors of anarchy. Gradu- ally it seems to have become the THE FUTURE EDUCATIONAL POLICY prevalent opinion of even educated FOR KOREA Japanese, that socialism is the child of Christianity and that none can be THE Japanese Government an- a Christian and a good, loyal subject nounces a broad educational of the Emperor of Japan at the same time. Thus, the attitude of the Japapolicy in Korea's elementary and high nese, people as well as government, schools, laying special emphasis upon has not been as friendly to Christianthe acquirement of the Japanese lan- ity as in former days. gllage, tho not ignoring the Korean. Christian mission schools have bee!l At the same time the government classified as private schools and special 1:>egan to favor Shintoism, which was regulations issued for their control, restored to its old place as the rean important thing since these schools ligion of the nation, Buddhism as have more than 30,000 pupils. well as Christianity being ignored. An ordinance was issued to treat The government leaves higher edu- Shinto priests as demi-officials, and cation entirely to the Christian forces, Shinto shrines were to be repaired which thus have an important task at government expense. The Debefore them because the students are partment of Education issued instruceager for higher education. Union tions, almost in direct violation of the educational efforts of the Methodists constitution, that the children in the and Presbyterians have proved suc- primary schools were to be taken cessful already in a union medical to the temples at feasts and other training school and a union Bible stated intervals, and were to be school at Seoul. Therefore it is now obliged to make obeisance before proposed to establish under mission- the tombs of national heroes and their ary auspices a strong union institu- ancestors, while a Shinto shrine was tion of collegiate grade for Korea. to be installed on the school premises. It is true that Shintoism was de- CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN clared to be a "patriotic cult" and not a "religion," but, after all, the pur- FOR some time after the Russo- pose of the government to favor Japanese war it seemed as if the Shintoism was clearly seen. Both Buddhists and Christians opposed the Japanese Government was most fa- government to efforts with detervorably inclined toward Christianity, mination. and many thought that the Christian religion might become the official re- Then came a change of cabinet, in ligion. A remarkable change in the August, 191I, and soon it was anattitude of the government suddenly nounced that the government would took place, however. Christians were summon a conference of the repremade to feel that, while their re- sentatives of Shintoism, Buddhism ligious liberty is secured by the con- and Christianity, and that one object stitution, they are by no means personae gratae to their rulers. They

OF THE

of the conference was to bring aoout and education, and bring about hara "rapprochement" of these religions mony among them." with a view to making them a potential power to help forward the prog- That the conference was notable ress of the nation. No attempt to and pregnant with consequences is unite the adherents of the several the general opinion in Japan. The religions in one body, still less to acknowledgment of the necessity of establish a new religion, was to be religion as tbe basis of national made. morals and education is a step of immense importance; and the official At this conference, a committee of recognition of Christianity as rank· three, Shintoist, Buddhist and Chris- ing on terms of equality with the tian, recommended the following joint ancient religions of Japan will probresolution, which was passed unani- ably cause large accessions to the mously: Christian churches of Japan. But we dearly see behind the conference the "It is our understanding that the dangers threatening the church's witpurpose of the Government, in con- ness vitally. There is danger not vening a conference of representa- only of the fostering of a spirit of tives of the three religions is co- compromise and accommodation, but operation-each within its own proper the conference gave to the Christian sphere-of government, religion and Church merely the place of a departeducation, for the upholding of mo- ment for the prevention of social disrality and the betterment of social order. Christ is not merely an ethical conditions; that this purpose has due reformer and a healer of social ills. regard to the respect that properly The proceedings of the Japanese belongs to religion; and that so, Government reduced Him to the guarding and maintaining the pros- level of Shintoism and Buddhism. He perity of the Imperial Throne, the must be served as God the Son, and progress of the nation will be ad- perfect national morality will only vanced. Thus understood, the pur- follow where men know Christ and pose of the government is at one Him crucified and obey Him. Chriswith our own position; and with tianity and the religions of the East this understanding-the adherents of or of the West can not go hand in each religion holding fast to their hand. own convictions-we will strive to accomplish the great task of elevat- A BAPTIST PROCRAM FOR JAPAN ing the nation. We shall also expect the Government on its part to en- T HE American Baptists have an deavor to accomplish this purpose. important work in Japan and "We shall all endeavor, the adher- their attitude toward union work is ents of each religion practising their viewed with interest-especially as own doctrines and guarding and they are usually somewhat slow to maintaining the prosperity of the discount denominational differences Imperial Throne, to elevate the mo- and to adopt cooperative or federative rality of the nation. policies. At a conference of Baptist missionaries at Arima, Japan, June 2 "Those in authority, on their part, to 6, the subject of the mission plans should promote government, religion

was fully cOllsidereu. The following Ilis work there was remarkably blest, important resolutions were adopted: so that 100 men frankly declared their purpose to become preachers of the I. The Northern Baptists shall not with- Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. To draw from any of the stations now occu- cherish and preserve the ideals of pied. these men, the "Volunteer Band" was organized. Out of this grew the 2. Work shall not be undertaken in any ·'Chinese Student Volunteer Move- new fields. ment for the Ministry," which was or- ganized by the delegates from over ten 3. Work in the present centers shall be provinces at the conference of the strengthened and gradually developed to Student Young Men's Christian Asso- the highest degree of efficiency. ciation, held at Pei Fungchow, in 19IO. The objects of the movement 4. A net increase of 2S per cent. in the are to bind together those students missionary force within the next five years who plan to enter the ministry, to en- is requested. list others, and to associate together for mutual helpfulness while prepar- 5. A committee of five shall prepare and ing for this life-work. Membership present at the next conference a compre- is restricted to students over eighteen hensive policy. years of age who have entered the higher schools or colleges and expect Definite action was taken looking to graduate. The watch-word adopted forward to union with other denomin- is "The Evangelization of Our Mother ations in certain lines of work. Un- Country and the World in This Genion work in higher education for men eration," and each member signs the and women was approved. A language pledge, "It is my purpose, if God percourse prepared by a union committee mit, to give my life to the Christian was adopted. By this the new mis- ministry." The movement is an insionaries of all denominations adopt- tegral part of the Student Young ing the course are put through three Men's Christian Association of China years of carefully superintended and therefore of the World's Student study of the Japanese language. Christian Association.

These are steps in the right direc- Pastor Ding Li Mei became the first tion but there are others pointing traveling secretary of the Volunteer toward closer union and cooperation Movement, and as such he has visited that are demanded by good Christian most of the Christian colleges of generalship. China. His influence, by the help of God, has caused Christian students in CHINESE STUDENT VOLUNTEER large numbers to volunteer for the ministry, while at the same time many I MOVEMENT others have been led to take the first N 1909, Pastor Ding Li Mei, the step toward entering the Christian consecrated Chinese laborer of the life. Some of the volunteers have Presbyterian Church, having felt already entered upon their life-work called to leave the local pastorate and are now in the ministry. Others within the bounds of the Central Presbyterian Mission, began to visit all the churches of Weihsien and Tsinanfu in his native province of Shantung. After two months of evangelistic work which stirred the hearts of his audiences, he arrived at Shantung Union College, established jointly by the Presbyterian and Baptist Missions.

are in the seminaries. Three of the should be young till thirty-three, largest seminaries have groups of col- mature till sixty-six, and old, very old, lege graduates studying in them for at ninety-nine. Actually, however, the first time, while one new theologi- early marriages, the struggle for ex- cal seminary for students of college istence and the penalties of paganism grade has been founded. have shortened their life expectancy for all periods to as little or even less THE CHANGES IN CHINA than twenty-five years. Formative influences are all in before thirty- O N January I, 1912, the Chinese three. Productive output is finished official1y changed their New Year before sixty-six. Rapid decline and from February 18 to January I, from certain death are inevitable before the lunar to the solar year, to con- ninety-nine. Hence a fuIl century form to the Christian way of reckon- gives wide limits for three generations ing. The people celebrated the New in China. Therefore the missionaries Year on the date of February 18 this in China .are now face to face with year for the last time. the fomth generation. How little has been accomplished, after all. The queue has been worn in China since r644. To-day none are to be PAN·KONGO MISSIONARY seen in the cities on the coast and CONFERENCE very few even in the interior. The government officials used to have high FOR the last ten years it has been sounding names and titles. To-day they are called by the simple title of the custom of Prot~stant mission- Mister. aries working in the Kongo to meet together once every two years for Twenty years ago the missionaries mutual help. The Pan-Kongo Misscarcely dared to go near the heathen sionary Conference which met at Botemples in Kiung-chow. Now they lenge last October, was attended by are permitted to take pictures of both 45 white people and more than 1,000 the buildings and the idols within Christian natives. The meetings were them. These idols were worshiped deeply spiritual and very important by the people for centuries, some of questions were discust, among them them coming down from before the the opening of a union hospital Christian era. N ow many temples to combat the sleeping-sickness and have been raided, the idols have been the founding of an efficient industrial broken and cast into the streets, school by all societies at some while the people looked on, quite in- central point. The latter was condifferent to their fate. sidered practical, and it was de- cided that the societies should unite in Within a period of thirty-three founding an industrial school on a years all the children have been born large scale, to be managed and finin a Chinese family. Inside of sixty- anced independently by Christian six years most Chinese adults have business men. A special committee died. In ninety-nine years the entire was appointed to bring this matter to personnel of a Chinese community the notice of the different societies. has changed. An official, business or The questions of "how best to reach working career seldom exceeds thirtythree years. Thus, idea.lly a Chinese

adult women" and of girls' boarding- eties, which was composed of official schools were also thoroughly discust, delegates from a number of missionand a continuation committee was ap- ary societies in Great Britain and Ire· pointed for the next two years to land and afforded a valuable means bring to pass, if possible, some of of consultation upon questions of the things discust and found desir- general missionary policy, but a conable by the majority. ference similar to the one in America was established only in answer to the The conference proper was fol- urgent appeals of the Edinburgh lowed by a gathering of native preach- World :Missionary Conference of 1910 ers from Longa, Lotumba, Monieka, for closer cooperation of all existing and Bolenge–stations of the Foreign missionary agencies. The first con- Christian Missionary Soclety-and ference of Missionary Societies of from some stations of the Kongo Ba- Great Britain and Ireland was held 1010 Mission. In all there were some at York in 1911. It was such a splen- 300 present and the meetings were did success that it became an easy crowded. One of the most interest- matter to arrange for the second coning visitors at this conference was ference, which was held at Swanwick, the director of the Belgian Protestant Derbyshire, from June 12 to 14. This Mission, Pastor Anet, for the people was well attended, Dr. Wardlaw had never before seen a Belgian who Thompson, of the London Missionary was not a Roman Catholic or an Athe- Society, and Rev. C. C. B. Bardsley, ist! When Pastor Anet mentioned in of the Church Missionary Society, his address that there are 30,000 acting as alternate chairmen for the Protestants in Belgium, the hearers sessions. The standing committee, were amazed beyond measure. In the appointed at York, reported on the evening of the Lord's Day a Christian various matters committed to it, while Endeavor Rally was held. It was de- a session was devoted to the considercided to have a roll-call of languages, ation of cooperation between men and each to respond with one verse of a women. A wide variety of important song and the Lord's Prayer. There matters was discust and a great dewere 13 responses. sire for increased efficiency in all branches of the work was manifested, CONFERENCE OF MISSIONARY SO· the lively .and keen discussions add- CIETIES OF GREAT BRITAIN ing much to the general interest. The AND IRELAND spiritual element was not neglected, the devotional addresses leading the WHILE the executive officers and members of the conference into the members of the Foreign Mis- very presence of the Master, causing new consecration of heart and life, sion Bo.ards of the United States and and showing dearly the essential of Canada have been meeting regularly all service, a great love for the Master in annual conference for twenty years, and for souls. Thus the conference the Foreign Missionary Societies of was a great blessing. Great Britain and Ireland did not have a similar conference until 1911. There was the Secretaries' Association of the British Missionary Soci-

ALLEN, THE MAN WHO SEEDED

BY REV. WILLIAM ELIOT GRIFFIS, D.D., ITHACA, N. Y. AuthQr of "The Mikado's Empire," uKorea. the Hermit Nation,.' f!tc..

~T.. HER E is something people. To-day hundreds of reform- ers, statesmen, leaders, patient toilers, about pioneering that and sons of salvation revere his name, own his inspiration, and salute ill generates power. The memory "the missionary statesman." After forty years of work battling facing of difficulties and the overcoming of ~ ~ them breed increase of strength in the victor. The man who against untruth, superstition, idolatry initiates and perseveres gains a vigor and wrong, he had but a week's sickthat is often lacking in the mere fol- ness. Then, like Nicanor, but in a lower in the ruts. No wonder the better cause, he "lay dead in his harpoets glow with such a theme ! Walt ness."

Whitman has a glorious poem on Let us see whether he had a "soft Pioneers; Matthew Arnold's verses snap," and an easy seat, or whether on "Rugby Chapel" are inspiring; the Lord "tempted" him, as he did Whittier has sung the song of the Abraham, to see what was in him, and man who drives the plow share deep, whether he would yield to fear, or making furrows out of which truth unfaithfully shirk the task, or throw may spring and grow. off the burden.

Young J. Allen, missionary of the To God and his ancestry, Young J.

Methodist Episcopal Church South, Allen owed a physical constitution of in which his name is a household tremendous vigor and a brain capable word, was a pioneer in China. He of prolonged labors. His father, a rose from strength to strength. Yet scholar and a schoolmaster, died a often before this, did he wrestle with few weeks before, and his mother the fleet angel of opportunity and be- three days after his birth, Jan. 3d, came victor with God. All his life 1836, in Burke County, Ga., so that he had a genius for opening out of the baby boy, tho left with a patri- his disappointments gMeways into mony, must needs be reared by others, new vistas, finding in every fresh ex- his aunt and uncle being as father perience blessings in disguise. And all and mother to him.

along his path to grumble was his So far from orphanhood being a last idea. He chose and found his handicap, the grateful native Chrisown line of work and asked no other tians, whom he served so long and blessedness than the joy of constant well, used to say that God had made service. Through the pen and press, him for China and it warmed their he seeded all China, so that men read faith to believe this. How strangely in their own language the wonderful related to this fact is the life of S.

works of God. He mastered the 'Veils Williams, another of the makers tongue and script by which he might of the New China, who, when a nursreach 300,000,000 souls. He was ling and carried in his aunt's muff, in numerous ways the "beginner of was tipped over in a sleigh by a runa better time" and was pathfinder in away horse and lost in the snow. The many good things. He founded the value of the muff had something to first newspaper in Chinese for the do with the lady's resolve to return

and seek the lost, and so the baby happy and useful life in the homeland boy was recovered for China. to go off to China"! And yet the Christ's command to go and make dis- Young Allen's education was at ciples was 1,800 years old and Georgia schools,-at Starrsville, Oxford and was Christian! On the other hand, La Grange, Ga., and at Emory and the China of 1868 was proud, unsocial Henry College, Va.; but at Emory and hermit. She acknowledged none College, Oxford, Ga., he studied four of her children abroad. Once away, years and was graduated in 1858. Allen joined the Methodist conference MRS. YOUNG ]. ALLEN' in October, 1858, at Columbus, Ga. When the call for volunteers was they were outcast. No legations or made, he offered himself as a mission- consulates then! It was Japan's deary to China and was accepted. fiance of Peruvian coolie, or slave trade in 1874 and the setting of the What a high honor! When there captives under the hatches free, that was no money in the treasury to pay woke China up to the duty of prohis passage, even in a small sailing tecting her people. ship that would go "round the Horn" and, after seven months of discomfort, From New York, in December, land him and his wife in China, where 1859, the seven months voyage on a the work would be hard and the sal- small ship was, except in calms, one ary small always and at times uncer- continual roll. There was no other tain. It was like being "left" a for- way of getting to the Middle Kingtune-which one must himself earn. dom then, and this craft was not a "clipper." Many were the storms, So out Young Allen started, to but Mr. Missionary never for a mopreach in northern Georgia and to beg ment wilted, involuntarily sought the funds. Yet n0 better !lchool for studying human nature-on its pocket side-.:-exists than that of playing the role of Lazarus. Wealthy friends told the young man that they would give him nothing to send him out, but if he went to China and sickened of his job, or wanted to return home, they would send him money.

What cheer! The weakling might have wavered, but not this Georgia Gideon. It was his first grapple with odds, and he won. The cash for passage was secured. Even then, ladies and gentlemen with full pocketbooks did not even come to the railway station to see the young enthusiast and his bride and baby off. "The fool" they said and thought, "so young a man with plenty of money, lots of friends, and every prospect for a MEMBERS OF THE SHANGHAI CON}'ERENC£ OF 1877) WHO RAD TlIEN BEEN LABORING IN CHINA FOR MORE THAN TEN YEARS taffrail, or lay flat once, except to gems. God made, through her, this nap or at night. The landsman proved stormy voyage .a shining pathway for not only a good sailor, but a good sea the sick and. the weary. How? student. In his "home on the rolling eIeep," he read Butler's Analogy, till lVIrs. MOissionary, in her marine he knew it almost by heart, church woes, instead of being angry with history, and feasted on other solid Providence, or her husband, made a meats of literature. vow even better than Jonah's and far more altruistic. If the opportunity Far otherwise was it with Mrs. Mis- ever came to her of being kind to sionary, Allen's wife, nee Miss Mary anyone from off the sea, she would Houston. Vith scarcely an hour of spare not herself. So, in those early comfort, weak and ill, she was taken clays, when there were no hospitals, ashore at Hongkong in a litter, with hotels or boarding-houses in Shanghai, her baby. We do not know about she took in many a sick missionary MI·s. Antaeus, of mythology, ancl and nursed him or her through illwhether she received new vigor every ness to health. One of these grateful time she, like her husband, touched patients was my classmate, William the earth; but Mrs. Missionary, once Ament. 011 terra firma, revived quickly. She lived to be a fountain of constant How do these missionary wives and strength to her husband and, besides mothers manage to accomplish what bearing nine children, outlived him. they do? I have often heard women Like her yokefellow, she learned the wonder at what men were able to pearl-oyster's secret of transmuting achieve. To me-and experience is the grit of irritation into precious wedded to observation-the wonder grows that the "helpmeet"- was there

12 ] YOUNG J. ALLEN, THE MAN WHO SEEDED

MEM BERS OF THE MISSIONARY CON FERENCE AT SHANGHAI, IN 1877, WHO HAD THEN' BEEN LABORING LESS THA N TEN Yt.:AKS IN CHINA ever a better name for a good wife? There are all sorts ~f mi ssionaries . – can "run" the house, bear, nurse, Some are sentimental tourists at the and rear a family of children, often expense of th e churches-but few of be the sel ecter, purchaser, bookkeeper, them, let us hope. Others are true guardian of the household, and-how colonists. No real colonist plants the admiring student and worker with the expectation of returning gloats over this-·protect her husband home, unless forced to do so. Allen in his study from intrusion, enabling came to China for life. Presto ! the him to make the victory of work ac- war between the States broke out, complished sure. God bless the good and all communication, including salwives and especially the missionary a ry, was at once cut off. During women! several sad years, it was hard work to hold the mission together, even It is not for the writer to violate tho Dr. Lambeth, father of the presprivate confidences; but, in his hum- ent bishop and hi s devoted wife , ran ble opinion , that striking personality the blockade and joined them, later and those forty-seven years o f effec- going to Japan ; and tho for awhile tual toil for China's millions given by Rev. Marcus vVoods labored, return- Young J. Allen would not have had ing home never to see China again. their fuln ess and efficiency, save for Nevertheless, wl1en offered a place and the "helpmeet." All glory to God the salary under the Methodist Episcopal Giver! We have scripture authority Church North, Allen loyally deClined fo r saying that "a good wife is of the with thanks. A fter the war, the of- Lord", and that, concerning her hus- fi cial word was that the impoverished band, "she will do him good and not southern church, unable to send men evil, all th e days of her life."

llISStUNARY REVIEW OF TilE WOHLD ISeptcl1luer

or 1110IlCy, 111USt ahandon the China biuliography! Twt:nty-four histories mission. Despite all obstacles, ~llen 's of as many countries, Vorld's llook answer to his church, his soul, his peo- of Dates, itlas of the world. with ple, and his Gael was that of William 25,000 names, Primers of Science, the Silent, in his darkest hours: "I Ar111it:s of Great N atiuns, Statesman's will maintain." Year Book, besides editing, from [878 to T88r, a weekly news gazette for The Chinese Govef1l11lent. stnng by mandarins and many other works and humiliating wars, was waking uJl, and special articles. having established a school for interpreters, wanted a teacher of English. Arriving home at quarter to tive, Through Dr. V. :. 1'. Martin, 1lIe11 he took a CllP of tea in the dininglVas appointed at a small salary, for room with his family. This over, he there was then no other way of pro- disappearecl into his study, where with viding bread. A year or two of this his two Chinese assistants, as faithwork proved his value, so that the ful as they were scholarly and wise, Government secured his services to he workecl on his two periodicals untranslate books as well as to teach, til seven o'clock. Then at dinner and and at a larger salary. Vith the eye after, with his growing family, he of faith that brings nigh the triumph, would stay until nine, and then return Allen began at Ol1ce, investing every to his study to work llntilmiclnight or spare cent £rOlF his stipend in founel- one o'clock. Allen seemed to keep ing the first Chinese newspaper (If'an one lobe of his brain for IVen-Ii and K ah K UllY Paa, or Review of Times) the other for ]iandarin. Such was his ever published in China, which gave wonderful power of concentration, the news of the world. It was wril- that he would first dictate to his ten in high Ven-li or classical style, Chinese scribe an article in the one which most intelligent natives could style, ar:d while this Son of Han was easily reae!. A t the same time, be putting this in correct form, Allen issued in the :Iandarin, or national would tl1rn to the other, and, on an dialect. a periodical for Chinese Chris- entirely different subject dictate an tians-both at his own expense. editorial in Mandarin. Knowing the Shanghai colloquial a1most like a na- Then began that life-long discipline tive, he preached one evening a week of daily toil that in time roused mil- in the church of Chinese believers in lions of brains into new activity and the "compound" near his house and hearts to thrill with new emotions. on Sunday labored as factotum-that Allen, like a living pendulum, vibrated is, morning Sunday-school sl1perindaily "from business to Bethel." from tendent, preacher, twice a clay, home to arsenal, fr0111 translating and besides acting also as clerk and teaching to book writing amI editorial welcomer. He was on duty without work, with almost the regularity of a day's sickness during twellty-seven the rolling earth and the sun's appar- years. Short vacations helped to keep ent round. At 8 o'clock a. m., he him tOlled up. He took llone in sumstept into the sedan chair earriecl by mer, but only at the Chinese New two strong natives. At the arsenal Year when even Chinese do 110t work. he spent four hours daily in teaching and four at translating. Behold the I met Allen in Japan during Febrtt-

H)T 2] YOU Nt, J ALLEN, THE AlAN WITO SEEDED

ary, 1871 , Three of us-th is stal- exchanged epistles, and photographs, wart, long-legged, jolly fellow, albeit a Allen's white heart] swept his breast retined, Christian, gentleman; an Eng- almost to the waist, but the undimmed lish fr iend and the educational pioneer eye betokened outwardly one of his in feuelal J apan–and we ram bled in strongest inward traits-the gift of all the joy of first vision over the hills prophecy. He saw, fro111 afar, changaround Yokohama, through the vil- ing China, and the glorious opportunilages and along the strand of :Iissis- ties, and when the psychic moment sippi Bay. In Tokyo on horseback, came, "he himself knew what he we saw the sights, urban and sub- would do." To interpret God and the THE r<pU S H_M";>.r CAR n I N CHI~A-A MISSION.'l.l{Y S U BSTlTL'TE FOi{ THE "PULLMAN"

urban and the New Year's festivities, movements of his Providence to China according to the old almanac, every – that was Allen 's calling ane! joyful sense tingling in the keen winter air work. Shall we call it the "gift of and sunshine_ Vhile tllrilled with prophesy" as in the Old Testament the glories of God's masterpiece of seers? Or, was it the "old experience" beauty- Japan-and longing for the that "doth attain to something of new spiritual realms, we prayed prophetic strain?" However we may for the clay when the One Father, make answer-it is one: instance of creator of all, would be recognized many sl1ch—when the cloud of Boxers and loved. On horse again, we rode southward, exploring those scenes of rose out of the sea, no bigger than a Nippon's medieval glory which center man's hand, he predicted its sweep ill Kamakura. At night, we bivou- and desolation, when others laughed acked on the floor in a Japanese hotel. at the idea.

vYhen in the twentieth century we Young J. Allen was rearly at any time to put on again the missionary

A CHINESE FAMILY IN SZCHUEN, CHINA harness–at much less salary and vast- as its president and educating in that ly greater worry. Vhile salaried by period 2,000 Chinese youths within its the Chinese for secular labors, he was walls. Thus with his printing press paying the wages of native evangelists "he opened two fOllntains in the and preachers. I-row could he do that desert." Not content with this, he on the Board's dole? The Chinese is some years afterward, with Miss quite equal to his American brother Laura Haygood, founded the Home in dearly loving the dollar. When, and School for native young ladies, therefore, other missionaries, seeing daughters of the gentry and mandarchiefly or only that lucre-loving trait ins, who were able to pay all expenses which makes the whole world, includ- for the education, in Chinese and Enging the American and Chinese part lish, of their daughters. It is imposof it, kin, opposed the idea of teach- sible to measure the good influence of ing English to native lads-lest they this school which is still in active opershould use their knowledge, as most ation. In time Chinese mothers were of us do, to line our purses-Allen willing even to trust their daughters did not deny the unity of the human to be educated in Japan. Allen was race and the solidarity of mankind. also active in helping to found the Chinese and American human nature, Methodist Printing Press and the was indeed one, but he belived eJuca- Swatow University. tion in English would benefit rather than injure the Church. So, despite Allen's idea was ever to help the opposition which was serious at times, Chinese to help themselves. He behe established the Anglo-Chinese Col- lieved that foreign missionaries should lege in Shanghai, serving many years work for the nation and that the task of evangelization should he committed

12] YOUNG J. ALLEN, THE MAN WHO St:EDTID CHINA

to the native Christians. Sometime the entire empire. previous to Kaug Yu Wei's presence It was about the year 1881, that in Peking, and before the Empress Dowager showed the tigerish side of Dr. Allen was recalled to the service her nature, Allen cooperated with a of his Church, in which he continued lJ1andarin to organize a school for na- until the day of his death. While tive girls. It was supported entirely superintendent of the mission and havby the Chinese"-the only one of its ing care of all the churches and difkind then in existence-and his daugh- ferent schools, he discontinued the ter Mary became its principal. But publication of the two periodicals, for soon, the heads of reformers fell in a he had neither the time nor the money shower, reminding one of our own for the task. Soon, however, seeing ancestral Tudor activities in the Tower the great need and opportunity he, of London. During the Boxer riot, with others, Rev. Dr. Alexander Wilthe Empress sent down a Peking man- liamson-how well I remember his darin to close the schoo!. However, towering form-and Rev. Timothy the dragon's teeth of this modern Richards, who is still active, founded Jason in China had been sown and that agency which has been such the crop could not be destroyed. Now, a tremendous factor in the seeding there are schools for girls over almost of the old and the making of the new China-the Society for the Dif- AN OLD TIldE NATIVE CHfNESE SCHOOL fusion o f C hristian and Genel'al the newly founded or, rather revived. Knowledge among the Chin ese, and Iilagaz ines. 1'jlC NC'; 'i ,H' of tlr c Ti mes now called the Christian I-iteratnre and The llIissioll11r}, H e'c'if',l', and with Society. At tbe great conferencc of these went the preparati on of books 1877- a landmark in Ch ina' s mi ss ion- ill every line of stimu lu s anel informaary history- a committee had bee n ap- ti011-in a word, th e creati on both of pointed, of which with others, Drs. the literature of kn o wl edge and the literature of row er. The principal W. A P. Martin, and Y. J. A lle11 were iclea in view was to m ake known throughout the empire the Gospel and Y…LU:': l KIN, M,D. the fundamentals of th e ciy il ization 01 the West. Book s on every enlight- Fi l'st Chin ese lady educated in .merica f o r a. e ning subj ect, Chri sti ani ty bei ng the physicia 11 central them e, I'ere p ri nt ed by 111)'- ri ac:-;. The printing press . reinforced members, to prepa rc a serIes o f school cbicfl), through ~Ir. Camble, by elecbook s ane! the "Diffu sion Soc iety," tricity and new inventions. such as popularl y so named, was th e Otlt- the Chinese type case now in general growth o f this action. The obj eet usc. poured forth lit er atme in streams, was to "strike for the enlightenment but the demand was ever greater than of the hi gher classes, especially the tile supply. The pelletra tion o f the officials." Elsewhere differen t m eth- I hole a tmosphere of popula r thought ods might work as well, bu t Cbina is in China, Japan and Korea and among preeminently the land of letters anel the Chin ese in jmeri ca and Hawaii , I eaders. The pathway to the under- Vas as the aqu eou s vapo r that gathstanding of " those who actually hold us for precipitation in the form of th e key to the h earts o f th e masses" ~·ho wers. A s we all know, th e storms, is ()ne lined with printer's ink. Dr. both of destruction anc! reconstruc- . ;l1en was ca ll ed tn the editorsh ip o[ tion , broke in 191 I.

Before the year T907, besides l1n- cou nted editorials, Dr. Allen wrote, compiled, or translated nearly 250 volumes in Chin ese. It was quite coml11on for manda r in s a nd province governors, when on their way to or fro m Peking, to call n n Dr. A llen for advice, information, or stimulus. Among those ref orm er s, who have gladly confest the supremacy of in- fluence in making them work for the new China was Kang Yu Wei. Of Dr. Allen's pupils and readers besides tbose serving as foreign and cabinet ministers and in the home service of the government, there are now thou- sands who are living Christian lives and leavening the new Chinese lump miles around Shanghai. There were of which so 1111ch is hOJled and ex- no inJls in the villages, but ill shops pected. and tea hotlses sandwiching his blan- ket IJctween his own corporation and How Allen got such a mastery of the table or floor, vith the leather sadspoken as well as written Chinese bas cHe bags as pillow, he slept like Jacob heen a puzzle to many. Perhaps the when he found not only welcome, but simple facts, when stated without e111- many a Bethel, glorious with divine ]wlhshment, furnish the best clue. It promise. Thus preaching and talking was so like hi,m to pluck a lily from to the people, gaining his vocabulary among the thorns, amI. to make a and syntax out of their mouths, with ,eeming discouragement the means to HOUSEBOATS ON THE :RIVER FHONT AT KING PO, CHIKA a blessing! Scarcely had he been in due shi fting and selection, he became Shanghai a year, before he was smit- one of the best speakers as well as ten with opthalmia, in so severe a writers of the tongue both of the peoform that he could not use his eyes.' ple and of the sages. It would re- Did he stop work or loaf? Not he. quire an article even to tell of his The language he wanted to learn did books, but that entitled "China and not lie in books only, nor was eye- ber Neighbors" perhaps had most to strain needed to win it. Its true foun- do with rousing official China, while tain was in the mouths of the people. his "vVoman in all Lands" (twenty- All he needed was patience, goocl na- one volume, octavo and fully illusture, alert ears, and a tongue. So trated) wrought mightily for the new with a nag, a blanket, and a pair of China in which woman is honored. saddle bags, he started out in the open At the direct and urgent call of the air, in the territory then permitted to Chinese, he wrote in Chinese a tme foreigners-a radius of twenty-jive and honest history (If the war with

Japan. How to condense three lives into Not all the incidents of his life were one was Dr. Allen's constant study. In order to travel by night and save overpoweringly serious. He had ex- time, he bought, when he was able, 'l periences enough of riot and the tur- boat and utilized the numerous river bulence of mobs, indeed; but, also of ways and the network of canals in those little jokes, which afford interior north China. mirth to every preacher who is human and not wholly wooden, or whose He magnified his office. On his mind is a tissue only of text books last visit home, he was urged to acand traditions. At times he spoke cept the office of biShOp. With em- Chinese only too well. When begin- phasis, he declined to be a candidate, ning to preach, or trying to, when only telling his friends he could do more six months on the soil-and there is good in China. He crowned his work nothing like beginning- he had pro- by attending the Centennial Congressed in the nl0rning service as far ference of Missions in China, in 1907. as the scripture reading, which, un- He felt ill but a week, but he died w:th happily for him on that day only, was everything cleaned up, all debts paid, the fourteenth chapter of St. John. contracts fulfilled, books completed. Untroubled as to possible results, In the same week that he made up his either of the higher criticism or the magazines for May, he passed into the effect on untrained auditors, he enun- Master's presence. Verily, "a brave ciated so correctly the words, "Arise, man earns his death." The Allen let us go hence," that he was treated Memorial Chapel at Emory College to a surprize, for everyone in the con- and the living tablets of a myriad gregation immediately got up and grateful hearts in the new Central Rewalked out. It was most infelicitous public keep fresh his name. The to have the benediction thus previous Chinese proverb needs no comment or to the sermon and to learn how to explanation-lithe eagle's call is heard dismiss an audience before he could long after its form has disappeared call it back. beyond the mountains."

A VIEW OF MODERN CHINA-TROLLEYS IN SHANGHAI

j1ISSIONARY PROBLEMS IN J~PAN *

D"I T is to the spirit of Emperor, so general among all classes. Jesus that we are to ac- Tho Shinto has been proclaimed of- . credit most of what is cially no religion, it is still powerful among illiterates. Its shrines are reg- morally superb in the istered and guarded by the Govern- ment, and funds are liberally supplied new Japan" wrote Dr. for their upkeep and the pay of the priests. In each school there is a vVilliam Eliot Griffis a shrine-like receptacle for the picture of the Emperor, and the awe and revfew years ago. erence displayed during the reading of the Imperial Rescript and other func- The establishment of a system of tions make it impossible for the West- ern mind to understand why Shinto hospitals, a Red Cross Society, a is not a religion, Government procla- mations notwithstanding. But, howiV-oman's University, a Peace Confer- ever denominated, Shintoism must be considered a strong influence in hardence, and the freedom of the press, ening the hearts of the illiterate classes against foreign ideas, and in may he traced directly or indirectly, strengthening such valued ideals as loyalty and patriotism. to the influence of Christianity and The comparatively new sect of Tencould never have originated with riko was originally merely a subsect of Shinto. At one time its ceremon- Shinto, Buddhism, or the Government ies were of such a scandalous char- acter that the Government was about alone. to forbid their practise, but the leaders, taking warning, eliminated Christian philantrophy, the example the worst features and it is now recog- nized as a separate religion. It is esof Christian believers and the influ- timated that one in ten among the people belongs to this sect. On the ence of the Christian homes of Japan surface its teachings seem to incul- cate high morals resembling biblical have proven potent forces in the moral principles, with a mixture of faith- healing. Merit is to be gained by the purification of the country, hut have surrender of earthly possessions to the Church, and while many are frightnot removed the hindrances to mis- ened off by this demand for their money, numbers of guileless souls are sionary work. In fact new difficulties attracted by its teachings of kindness to others. and like doctrines, and work have arisen with the new era. hard for its extension.

The Empire is in a disturbed and unsettled state concerning religion; something new and attractive is sought that will appeal to the major- ity of the people but it would be ex- treme to say that there is any general leaning toward Christianity. In many parts of the country a growing oppo- sition is manifested, owing to the be- lief that Christianity propagates so- cialism, and socialism is a bug- hear which the Japanese Govern- m('nt is endeavoring to suppress with almost tyrannical measures.

There IS a fear in official cir- cles that such Christian doctrines as the value of each human soul and a tlniversal bJ;'otherhood of man would destroy reverence for the rulers of the country, and the deification of the ->C CumlJiled frolll f3l'ls gathen'd by Dr. A. T. Iliel"son on his visit to Japan in 1910-11.

"The earnestness and apparent sin- Buddhism from the practical side and cerity of some of the followers of to study it in the concrete as it lies in this faith is one of the really the peuple's mind, are at unce adrift pleasant features connected with it. for lack of intelligent guicles, or any- I f such a spirit can be maintained, thing substantial to lay hold on. and at the same time more light let in, then this religion may prove less Among other forces opposed to of a hindrance to the Gospel and more the Gospel is the class which rejects an introductory phase, whose excel- all religions and thinks to develop the lencies and defects shall finally lead highest character in man by mere honest seekers after truth into the etl1cation plus moral training: those 'light of the knowledge of the glory who frankly object to the Christian of God in the face of Jesus Christ'." Cospel and attempt to finc! flaws in it; those who would make a new Buddhism and the many sects at- Cospel out of what appeals to them tached to it still overshadows all re- in Christ's message, combining with ligions in the Empire. The Christian it scraps of other religions, and lastly who attempts to study its mysteries a class which calls itself Christian, with the hope of refuting the doc- but which makes adroit appeals to trines will be baffled at the outset, "new learning" and by infusing a new owing to the general ignorance of its meaning into old and reverenced followers. The 1110st zealous and terms would deprive the Gospel of all earnest in observing its rites can 110t its true meaning. explain Buddhism. Each holds to it because it was the religion of his The attitude of a great body of the house, believing he would be guilty people toward any religion is one of of impiety toward his ancestors and indifference and even contempt. Busidisloyal to his family connections if ness, study, love for office, pleasure, he renonnced it for any other. Con- occupy the minds of the middle and sidering the myriad notions connected upper classes and it is clifficult to inwith Buddhism and the impossibility terest them in spiritual things. The for a human being to understand a illiterate masses are restrained by fear from accepting the religion of J eSWi til!1e of them, the general ignorance Christ, for the power of the priestof the followers of the faith concern- hooc! would be against them, and they ing its tenets is explaineJ. Dr. Inouye wOllld risk being ostracized by family Tetenjiro, a BudJhist free-thinker, and c0Il1111l1nity. Excessive deificahas this to say about the religion. "It tion of the Emperor, loyalty to counis a vast assemblage of inconsistencies try, alHl a deep-seated superstition, and contradictions gathered in one hatrecl for foreigners and any foreign Oburoshiki (big cloth wrapper) and religion are other causes for antagonout of the bundle anyone of them Ism. may be drawn to meet the particular need of the special occasion, but the Educated Japanese who travel in attempt to logically classify and un- Vestern lands often help to create a derstand them all is simply hopeless." distrust toward Christianity. "The Christian workers, therefore, who be- Vest has nothing to teach us" said a lieve it might be profitable to appmach Japanese gradtlate of Harvard on his return home, "in the way of religion.

1!j12J :-lISSI0N;RY P]{oDLEMS IN JAPAN

Anything else that is worth having, opposed to Christian missionaries and anI] we have 11ot, we will get in due refuses their help; errors which call time." 'I'll is man, of course, lacked for flat contradiction. But in spite spiritual insight CltH] only saw the evil of frequent denials of these conditions, on the surface in his travels in Vest- such mistaken beliefs seem to have ern lauds. "The carnal mind is at taken deep root in the home Church enlllity against (;0<1." and volunteers who might have added strength to the feeble forces in Japan In descrihing sot1le of the hindrances ask to be sent elsewhere. to the sprea(1 of the Gospel in Japan we must consider the attitude of the There is also a widespread notion Goyernment. lfissionaries often com- that Japan wants to flght America, tho plain that the Board of Education is missionaries assert that there is not carrying on an "underground" cam- the least trace of fact on which to paign against their work. "It pro- base this idea. and if it were true, poses to cultivate to the full its 'pa- they ask, is that a good reason why triotism' which mostly means Em- Christians should cease to be kind to peror-worship, conserving all old ideas that land? Others say that the J apanwhich tend to fierce nationalism and ese are strong enough to stand alone. which develops hatred of foreign peo- They can build battleships, let them ples and therefor foreign religions. build their OW11 churches. The native Christian ideals are supposed to run church is well started now, let them C011nter to these ideas, therefor, 'block do the rest. etc. The Japanese are init ail you can' is the secret determin- deed building houses of worship, but ation of those powers in control of not of the true God but of idols, hidtraining young minds. They even talk eous images. The Christian Church, of controling our Sunday-schools lest strong as its influence is over a large we therein undermine nationalism, part of the nation, is still too weak to and the way they plot to devise new stancl in the breach unaidecl. The laws which shall on their face look almost anti-pathetic attitude of the just. but which shall really operate to Church in the home lands has serihinder Christianity, is a very serious ously alarmed some of the missionarmatter. They have been largely com- ies who arc fighting against great odds pelled to yield to the Christian Schools with wholly inadequate forces. There of Tokyo because so open to the vieV~ is great need of a thorough awakening of foreign nations. It is in the interior of the people at home to the real conthat we suffer most from the opposi- ditions in the missionary field of tion of the Board of Education." Japan. The hour is one of crisis. In (Rev. R. E. ;fcAlpine.) the next few years the battle must be fot1ght that shall decide whether the The attitude of the people of the East is to be won for Christ or the churches at home is not encouraging. cause which He has blest sink into Japan, once the most popular of sub- insignificance. jects for a home audience, no longer, it is said, arouses any enthusiasm. A The Needs notion seems to prevail that Japan is civilized and needs no more foreign The 1110st important and imperative workers; that the native Church is need at present is to reach the rural

population which 11t1111bers at least the present. Lately we have anew seventy-five per cent of the Empire's surveyed our field and are ourselves 50,000,000. The miners, fishing- folk, astonished to discover what an awful shop-keepers and farmers have never percentage has thus been allowed to practically been touched by the Chris- lie fallow all these decades. And now tian Gospel. A systematic campaign we are calling for at least three times should be started to reach these classes our present force that we may go in separately, the methods of attack and possess the land in something like a(lapted to the character and needs of an efficient n1.anner."

the people in each division. A Christian University as the cap- Vhy, it may be asked, have the mis- stone of the present Academic and sionaries allowed such a large per- Collegiate courses is one of the great- centage of the population of Japan to est needs of the present time. Until remain ignorant of the Truth? there is such an institution the mis- The Rev. Robert McAlpine, whose sionaries say, educational work in the evangelistic work in Japan covers Empire will be greatly handicapped.

more than a quarter of a century, The Christian Schools do excellent makes this explanation: work, but as they stand isolated their "Condensed in one clause the an- sphere of usefulness is most con- ewer is 'lack of workers'; but some tracted. Vith proper equipment, and side-lights should be added. When properly led by a great Christian Uni- missionaries first carne to Japan and versity they would not be so out- for some thirty years afterward, resi- distanced by Buddhist and Govern- dence in the interior was forbidden, ment Schools; they could obtain the except under certain strict limitations removal of Civil and Military disabil- difficult to meet, and even to travel in ities under which they labor at pres- the interior required a special pass- ent; they would attract students in port each time. The result was that great numbers and the Empire might the decided majority of missionaries be won for God and His Truth.

located in the Treaty Ports and opened Vith some exceptions, missionaries work there-schools, chapels and are opposed to the establishment of churches. Vhen the interior was Medical Missions at present when opened there was a desire to enter the there are so many more imperative open door, but that must not be done needs and the money necessary to at the expense of abandoning the start such institutions could be much large enterprises established in the better employed. The Japanese are ports. There was an urgent call sent skilled physicians and very moderate home for reenforcements, and this call in their charges. Charity hospitals was repeated year after year, but the have been established and the Emperor thin stream of recruits that trickled and some wealthy citizens have given through to us was hardly large enough 1I1illions for the benefit of the sick to settle in the large prefectural cities poor. Vith so many open doors it is alone. Indeed our greatest hope then a question whether Medical Missions was to supply all these important cen- would warrant the necessary outlay, ters; this we considered the acme of altho they could accomplish much possibilities, and so it has been up to good in bringing those under treatment

MISSIONA]{Y 1'1WBLEMS IN

to a knowledge of the Great Physi- encouraging. During I!) lO ad tilts ano cian. children to the number of 10455 were The greatest demand is for reen- baptized. The increase in the Sunday- forcements. The Church in Japan is school e1uring the previous four years doing nobly but it is still too weak was 4,000. The total membership of to extend its field, to reach out to the the Church according to the last re- lllillions beyond who have never been port was, including preachers, proba- touched by the Gospel. The mission- tioners and baptized children, 13, I 35.

aries have plans, but numerically they The Oriental Missionary Society are a thin skirmish line where 1hel-e has reason to be proud of its record should be a solid column to make any in 1910 when about 4,000 souls turned lasting impression. They call for toward the Lord and several hundred helpers, the Japanese Church invites; were sanctified. The Eastern Church the people are largely willing to listen. in Japan was also blest during this What reply will the Christian lands year when I,IOO were baptized, mak- make to these appeals for money, for ing a total membership of 31,984.

volunteers? It is not the purpose of this article Progress to deal in statistics, but the examples ~Vhile there has been no sensational we have given, and which might be increase in the number of Christian multiplied, may serve to dispel the be- converts in Japan according to the lief that exists in some quarters that most recent statistics, a steady growth the forces for Christ in Japan are may be noted in many divisions of the standing still. A Japanese has com- Mission field that should hearten up pared the missionary body to an ele- those who have become pessimistic phant. It advances slowly, but carries and discouraged because the advance everything before it.

has been slow. The Kunti-ai which The Outlook ranks second in membership among Protestant denominations, baptized That less than two-fifths of one per over 1,600 adults during the year cellt. of the population of Japan are 1910, to which number must be added Christians anc! many of them only 129 in their Mission Churches, con- nominally so, is a matter for serious stituting a good ten per cent. increase reflection. But the issue involved is in the total membership. far greater than mere figures imply, The Japanese Y. M. C. A. reports or the difficulties of the task. Japan constant accessions; the combined sets the pace in the Orient and if by membership of its seventy-two any chance the nation should adopt a branches now numbering 7,000. The religion of its own making, a patch- Osaka branch alone in the month of work of old faiths, accepting only the June, 1911, enrolled 600 members. moral influences of Christianity The more thoughtful Japanese are re- (which some missionaries think quite joicing that the disreputable resorts possible), the entire East would be have such a formidable competitor affected and missionary progress as the Y M. C. A. would receive a shock from which it Reports of the work of the Method- might never recover.

ist Episcopal Church are in every way Let those at home appreciate the

6(14 l TllE "lISS[(LJ;]{Y l{I~Vll~W OJi THE WOl{LlJ

magnitude of the work that confronts Vhat will be the outcome of the the missions; that in J allan is iJeing present rennaisance in Japan? To the fO1ght a decisive battle which may optimistic the time seems especially determine for all time whether Chris- favorable for the advancement of tianity is to triul11ph or fail in the God's kingdom; when the people are Orient. The very greatness of the ,00 generally adopting 'estern ideas. issue at stake should serve to rouse Old faiths no longer satisfy the people the disconraged and apathetic to a of llew Japan, and the attempt to put sense of their responsibilities to God the new wille of Christian civilization and Christendom and inspire them into the old bottles of Shintoism and with fresh energy, resolution and ell- Buddhis11l m1st inevitably fail. Now. thusiasm. The cause that I [e has as never Lefore, the Christian forces blest must not fail for lack of faith should have courage and faith, for a and hope. There never was a time in large body of the people is in a rethe history of the Christian missions cepti ve state of mind, and it is only of Japan when unity of purpose and on a religious foundation that the concerted action were more demanded awakened nation can hope to Luild a than at present. greater anel a richer life.

THE RELIGIOUS PROBLEM IN JAPAN HE one central aIm of not meet the need that is felt for some finn amI acceptable basis of moralmT the be.allrocracy, or ity is seen by the proposition which men in control of the was made by Mr. Tokonami, the Vice GO'ernmen t affairs," :Iinister of Home Affairs in which is says Rev. S. L. Gulick, the proposal that there should be a D.D., "has been the joint meeting of the representatives exaltation of patriotism and loyalty of the three religions, Buddhism, Shinto the highest pitch of power and ef- toism and Christianity for the purpose ficiency. In the accomplishment of of effecting some union in the promothis it would substitute these for re- tion of religion and morality." ligion. JIr. Tokonami claims that his in- "To accomplish this, use has been tention was nothing else than to have made of the national school system representatives of the three faiths and the army anel navy; and for the meet together and to produce among last two decades this has been the the general public a stronger religious dominant idea in the spirit life of feeling; also to cause politics, educa- Japan. It is the outgrowth and evi- tion and religion to join together and dellce of a sincere but mistaken effort contribute their best to the general to meet some of the pressing needs progress. of the times by the provision of adequate ideals and sanctions for the new "·True national welfare," he said, national and moral life. That the ex- "is rooted in the life of the spirit. Realtation of Emperor veneration does ligion has its important contribution

12 ] THE RELIGiOUS PROBLEM IN JAI'A:-.l

to make to the progress of the State, attitude of the Government in empha- and political, educational and religious sizing the work of religious teachers forces should, in mutual respect, unite will do much to impress upon the to promote national moral life and minds of the people at large the improsperity. Accompanying the physi- portance of religion. There is no cal there must be the spiritual devel- more dangerous state of mind than opment." an utter ignorance of and indifference to the religious views of life. :Minds Mr. Tokonami spoke not his own given over entirely and exclusively convictions alone but those of a large to the material side of life, to the insection of Japan's leading men. He terest of temporal affairs, are bound would not be in his present high po- to give away at any great crisis in sition nor would he be allowed to life and lead to extreme acts, workmake this affirmation were he not ing harm all around. voicing as well the conviction of a substantial element in the Government. "We wish to plead," says the Ti11les, "for the necessity of religious train- "Such a proposal, coming from a ing for our people who have been Government representative, marks a overwhelmed under the new regime new era in the religious life of Japan, of the ':leiji era by the extreme secuand has aroused general and serious larism of these new leaders. attention. If it meets with approval tile result would be such a change in "As we look back at the total result 1he general condition of the cotlntry of the policy of building up a purely as would facilitate the work of Chris- secular system of national education tian evangelization to a remarkable we must say that in the matter of degree. In fact, there would come moral education the Japanese schools a new ;;pirit over the life of the nation have largely proved a failure. The and a new moral energy and noble sense of failure is felt, not only by the quality into all its activities. most serious minded of the educators themselves, but by all intelligent ob- This is just what has been contend- servers. We heartily commend the ed for by all Protestant Christians, scheme to all religious bodies." and it is refreshing to find one so influential in Government circles pro- According to a statement of Rev. pounding these principles which lie at 11r. Kozaki the plan of the Vice Minthe foundation of all 'Christian educa- ister of Home Affairs was referred tion in Japan and throughout the to a Cabinet meeting and approved by world. it; then the ,Tice iIinister went around to all the Elder Statesmen and got Hitherto the prominent leaders in their approval. Rev. Mr. Kozaki Japan have asserted that religion is adds: "We think there will be no dibut superstition, and the less of it the rect visible result. Still the indirect better. So general has been this idea result will be great. In the first place, that the educated classes have come pu blic recognition of the importance to be regarded as a non-religious peo- of religious instruction, hitherto alple, and a maj ority of these who have most ignored by the State, will be emspoken for the Government have said phasized. Om Goyernment and pubthat religion is needless. lic men, hitherto, have paid no atten- The Japan Times remarks that "the

tion to any religion whatever. Re- The appointment of Mr. Soroku ligion has been regarded as a sort of Ebara to the House of Peers is a new superstition, contriuuting nothing to and significant departure on the part the creation of good morals and the of the Japanese Government. Hither- maintainancc of good social customs. to, only snch persons were eligible for appointment to that hody as helonged "But now these views are to he to the peerage or paid a large and changed, and all religions are to he stipulated tax. treatcd with more respect than before. As to the status of Christianity it will Ebara has neither of these qualifi- receive public recognition, which cations, but has made a distingnished hitherto has been denied, and it will record as a Christian leader of great no longer be treated as a religion of influence. "In fact," says the Japan a foreign country. Times) "we know of no other Christian layman so active, so influential, and "'vVe believe that in the near future so highly respected as Mr. Ebara is a great interest will be awakened among his fellow believers. Mr. among our people, concerning religi- Ebara's appointment implies only a ous matters, especially concerning recognition of the good he has done Christian religion itself; and thus, the as a moral and spiritual leader. The cause of evangelistic work will be Government could not have demonthereby promoted much better than strated its fair and unprejudiced attibefore." tude toward Christianity in a stronger way than in the present appointment One of the Y. M. C. A. teachers in of Mr. Ebara." the Government school at Kagoshima writes: "Faith in the old gods is pass- The late Bishop Honda testified to illg; in fact is gone already except the change of feeling now manifest in the lowest classes. A most hopeful in so many ways in Japan as regards sign is that students from the Middle the incoming of Christianity. At School grade upward are reading and Nashinasuno, where special meetings thinking. I believe fully fifty per were being held, the school buildings cent. of these have Japanese Bibles, were thrown open for the meetings. and an encouraging number visit the At Kokubo large meetings were held foreign teacher or missionary to have in the Government Hall, to which it explained. Concerning opportunities Christians were invited. At one place, for Christian work, it is safe to say it is reported, the Provincial Assemthat where a little common sense is bly adjourned in order to attend a used no hindrance of any sort will Christian service. be enconntered. Officially, the Director may do nothing that may be con- "It is not too much to say," writes strued as help; privately he will com- Rev. Mr. Uyemura, "that there is a mend the teacher and may become a glorious future for Christianity in member of the Bible class." Japan."

NTS OF CONTACT IN SOUTH

MISSIONS BY G. 11. A. GARDENER, M .A., CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA.

N the Southern third of matter effectively. The following resolution passed by the Natal MismI the i frican Continent sionary Conference, a year after the a critical period has Edinburgh meeting, bears this out: been opened. A poli- tical union threatens That in view of the serious overlapping to swamp the public in the work in Natal and Zululand, and mind, while the easy going native pol- the evils arising therefrom, which called icy of the Government engenders rest- forth the just criticism of the Edinburgh lessness among the leaders of the over- Conference, and because of the confusion whelming native population, handi- caused in the minds of the nCltives, both capping evangelization. The things heathen and Christian, by the presentaof God are relegated to a subsidiary tion of Christianity in so many varying position and here and there, surround- forms, it is, in the opinion of this confered for a century by Christian testi- ence, desirable that any new society conmony, the rawest heathenism is en- templating the opening of work in Natal croaching on Christian precincts. On or Zululand should, before doing so, comthe other hand, the cry of the Moslem municate with the President of tile Natal peril descends from the north, aggra- Missionary Conference. vated by the vanguard of a civilization attempting to supply a super- In a foot-note it is explained that structure without solid foundation. This action is not to be taken as a Such is the background on which proclamation that the evangelization of more than forty missionary societies 1atal is completed, but that its evangelifind themselves called upon to build zation will be best advanced by the up the native Church in South Africa strengthening of agencies already at to-day. Things seem to have come work, while any further multiplication of into the melting-pot simultaneously. agencies will hinder rather than hasten If ever points of contact were needed the desired result. with fellow-missionaries and the great Overseer, now is the time. To re- Putting in a nutshell the position spond to the calls of the North with for the whole territory south of the the least delay, to aid and advise the Zambesi and Kunene rivers, we might natives in their political relations and say that we aim not at reducing the aspirations and to lay broad and true number of missionaries, but at their foundations for the nS1l1g native wiser distribution, fewer societies, if Church-such tasks demand super- possible, and certainly closer contact human relations and whole-hearted and more cooperation between them. surrender. From one ordained missionary for The question of contact is not a 3,846 natives in .German Southwest new one among South African mis- Africa we proceed by steady gradasionaries, nevertheless it may be freely tion to one for 13,461 in Basutoland admitted that it remained for the and leap to one for 68,18r in Portu- Edinburgh Conference to focus the guese East Africa, the worst manned field of the sub-continent by a long way. In this direction, therefore, the1·e is room for reconstruction.

Fmther, a variety of elbowing so- cieties not only presents the danger

of causing constant con fusion and worship. Truth is many-sided and it collision, but the no less serious dan- is worthless to renounce the specific ger of parasitism and atrophy, due to emphasis which various sections of deticient initiative and originality, the Christendom have sought to lay results of lack of room and aggressive thereupon. Ve need to agree upon a p ropagan da. greatest C0111111011 multiple which shall contain all the truth that has borne Finally~ancl this seems to be the the test of time with fruit, judged by immediate desi dera tum 0 f the Sou th its ability to win 111en for Jesus Christ, A frican field~ the points of contact tho only test of truth, nay, Him,self between socidies and lIlissionaries the Truth! This we elo by recognizing must be increased t,('%ld, as a pre- each other and learning from each liminary to rearlj ust11lent and the pres- other. sing of the battle to its final issue. The other prillciJlle~that of the The following questions arise: highest comm011 factor, the process of selecting a few trnths to which all I. For what may we reasonably may sl1bscribe~opens the door to an look? electicism which is at once an im- poverisbmellt of Christianity's rich 2. What has been attained? historical heritage and to those who hold minimum truth with maximum 3. Along what lines may we hope error.

to realize the balance? J f the desire to cooperate springs It is idle to speculate on what might from our wish to apologize for our denomination, our primary duty is to have been or what we should have surrender onr autonomy, i. e., absorpliked to have done if we had carte tion ancl not cooperation. As Dr. blanche. vVe must face the facts, re- Julius Richter writes in the January ducing the matter of cooperation issne of the REVIEW. (p. 33) : "Church from its academic sterility to one of federation does not mean the leveling practical politics. of denominational differences. * * * What We May Reasonably Expect. Ve have to remember that Christian- The allocation of anyone section ity will never grow strong upon sub- (tribal or linguistic) of the native tractions and reductions, but only field to some particular society can through additions and vital developonly proceed on a posteriori grounds. ments. " Ve are not in a position to-day to say whether the Vesleyan form will best Denominations that have the right suit the Xosa, the Paris Evangelical to cooperate, have the right to exist the Sesuto, the Methodist Episcopal and conse<]uently need no apology. the Zulu divisions of the Bantu race, Vhat we might apologize for is that and so on. Time alone can inclicate we have not admitted and respected this. As little as all the Teutonic peo- the right and the truth in the other ples are Lutheran or Episcopal, can we man's position. And so, while waitexpect the Bantu races to be formed ing until under the Providence of after the same pattern or any his- God tribal temperament, linguistic aftorical pattern at all. Even one fInity and outside influence have branch of the Teutonic peoples has not always embraced homogeneous expressions of faith and for111s of

POl;,,(TS OF CONTACT Tl' SOUTH .FRICA

shaped the full-grown lIankl1 Church, I. l:'1illlillatioll of waste. No new something l1lust be supplied which society ought to enter the field withhas stood the test of time and served out the knowledge of the General other nations, supplied as truth and to :'II issionary Conference. Contiguous emancipate new races into the Chris- societies spending much time over tian Clmrch, supplied therefore with a thorny Cjuestions of discipline and watchful eye on the danger of dena- censure should make a fearless attionalizing, (klingualizing and devital- tempt to come to a thorough underizing the peoples to be won, especial- standing–if necessary at the cost of ly if they are of the child-races of withdrawal, if either can overtake the the worlel. work. Priority of occupation and fruitfulness of effort we take to be Nevertheless the devil has not been the determinin~ principles in the matidle in this matter of division. He· is ter of withdrawal. the arch-Schismatic. Nor has he held aloof in the matter of occupation of 2. Concentration of effort. This sphere. His spoiling tactics are deep- will be possible chiefly in the case of ly insidious, and have resulted in the societies of the same kind, i. e., those all too frequent infringement of the more or less similar in Church govern- Pauline principle as enunciated in ment, discipline and temperament. Romans IS :20. To have the right to Vhere maj or emphasis is placed on exist is not synonYl11ot1s with a right to creed, similarity of doctrine will of course be necessary. go anywhere. There must be a scrup- 3. Comity alllong all. Even if it is ulous divine economy in the matter true that some societies will never of millions of perishing souls. For contemplate organic cooperation with a society to go to one of a multitude others, there is no reason why there of tribes or races presupposes a speci- shonlel not be a spirit of comity among fic commission in addition to the gen- all who seek to bring Jesus Christ to eral one of the Gospel, and if one or the heathen. The spirit that prompted more societies are already covering a missionary to write "we believe that (or promise to cover) the ground, a our traditional teaching is true and specific message would not be deliv- othcr tcaching is false" will never fulered. The neglect of this principle ill Christ's departing commission. is a violation of the divine economy, while its rigorous application How Much Has Been Attained will not only 11111111111ze con fusion and collision hut facilitate co- The story of accomplished contact operation and comity. For coopera- in South Africa missions is soon told. tion is a moral and spiritual relation, '!'I[ost of the efforts are of comparaas well as one of manipulation, de- tively recent elate. The first General pending, as it does, on divine sanction JVIissionary Conference met at Johanand good health between the partners. nesburg in 1904. It has since met in If only we can give this principle both that city in 1906, in Bloemfontein in retrospective ancl prospective force, 1909 and is due to meet at Capetown we shall probably agree that the fol- during the first week of next July. lowing may be reasonahly looked for This Conference has already more in the South A frican field: than j lstified its existence, having supplied valnable information and in-

spiratioll through its meetings and Theological College which is run as a printed reports. Some six months union college, the board supplying one ago its executive convened a Com- teacher. The United Free Church mittee on Delimitation and Comity, have in tum discontinued its boarding representing eighteen societIes to school for boys and supplies one hammer out agenda for this year's teacher to the Union Normal School triennial Conference. Six commis- under A. B. auspices. The South sions were appointed, and these are Africa Compound and Interior Mis- now busy collecting and collating evi- sion has a Training Institution for dence on such questions as "Survey evangelists at Intokozo jointly with and Occupation," "Church Discipline," the Free Methodists of America. The "Native Yol1th in the Large Cities," Hanoverian Free Church has applied "The So-called Black Peril." These for leave to have their young men commissions will present reports and trained at the Seminary of the Berlin frame resolutions to be discust by Society. The latter has scholars from the Conference in July. the Presbyterian Church in its Nor- Besides this National Conference mal School in the Spelonken (Trans- there are provincial Associations of vaal), and sends candidates for the Societies in Rhodesia, the Transvaal ministry to the Theological Seminary and Natal. The Natal Missionary at Morija (Basutoland). The Berlin Conference and the Transvaal Mis- Society in Natal cooperates with sionary Association have attacked the the Norwegian Missionary Society, problem of cooperation with vigor. Church of Sweden Mission, Church At its last gathering the Natal of Norway Mission and the Hanover- Missionary Conference decided to ian Free Church Mission for the train- form an "Advisory Council on Com- ing of teachers evangelists and pastors; ity and Cooperation" to aim among also in matters of publication, such other things at "the reduction of ex- as a Lutheran catechism and hymn- isting overlapping and the avoidance book. These are typical instances and of future cases," and the promotion an all but exhaustive list of establish- of uniformity in matters of discipline ed points of contact. Owing to the and probation. Needless to say, the failure of the Government to give it ambitions of the promoters have been financial support, the Inter-State N a- rudely shocked already. But they are tive College scheme has becn returned not discouraged, for even a fractional to its supporters, and what promises l'ealization of their aim will justify to become a notable contact-item has the undertaking. not materialized enough to include it In addition to these laudable pro- as an accomplished fact. In the mean- vincial efforts to multiply points of time it deserves the serious thought contact, a certain amount of coordina- and guiding influence of every friend tion has been established between of the native.

specific societies and stations. The vVe come ultimately to attempt to most conspicuous instance is that in set out some of the lines along which which the American Board (Zulu we may look for the fuller realiza- branch) have transferred to the tion of the things we may reasonably United Free Church of Scotland their look for. To clear the ground it is

OF CONTACT IN SOUTH AFRICAN

necessary to state that we aim neither former does not exclude the latter at uniformity nor at absorption. If and the two together are the sure way there arc those in the field to whom to strong and lasting union in the end. companionship does not appeal, and who feel called to labor in isolation, Or there may be federation of cerwhy condemn them? Unanimity is tain particular interests, and this again not an essential of cooperation. Nor is a powerful means of promoting does our contact policy demand the ab- eventual union. The example of the sorption of small, weak churches by Lutheran Churches is a case in point, . large, wealthy ones. It is also neces- and a Lutheran Federation for South sary to note that the case of South Africa should be productive of much Africa is not on all fours with (say) good. If, for instance, the Hermanns- Japan. The close relations of the burg Society, which has a small sem- South African missionary body with inary at Berseba iT, the Western the white population makes the former Transvaal, unaided by Government much more dependent than he is else- and not very efficient, would make where. For instance, his scheme of use of the well-endowed and flourishnative education must not only suit ing Seminary of the Berlin Society the native, but his educated native at Bothsabelo in the Eastern Transml1st suit the varied tastes of the Eu- vaal, the latter might become not only ropean employer. In the evolution of the nursery of all Lutheran effort but the native Church we can not expect a potent unifying influence. If only much initiative from the native side. the fusing power of the Holy Spirit European churches set the pace and would drive us to see that we can not while these are divided we will have afford to lose a man or a moment in native churches after the same pattern. this day of sore crisis and solemn op- For the disciple is not above his mas- portunity! ter. The missionaries certainly can not trouble their heads about National The practice of following up mem- Native Churches. It would be a terri- bers into well-covered territory occuble thing to force this at an immature pied by another society is causing a stage. Then again, while the major- great deal of friction. To many of ity of societies keep the European and us it seems to be a violation of Aposnative churches apart, some unite tolic principle and of a bedrock posthem. All these considerations com- tulate of Christian courtesy and econplicate the question of cooperation. It omy. But while some refuse to abanis, however, certain that the line of cion the practise the responsibility is least resistance must be followed, for thei l's–let others accept and propathere is a conservation of energy in gate a scheme of lllutual recognition; spiritual outlay. Like-minded socie- its successful demonstration is the ties must begin to eliminate waste. best proof of its wisdom and the guar- Far rather four or five wholly in uni- antee of its extension. The culpable son in matters of doctrine and dis- leakage is due to the inactivity of cipline-wholly agreed to differ if like-minded people for the non-connecessary-than fifteen or twenty as- ductors cause no waste that we can sociated in an honorary capacity. The deplore. I f only those who think and act homogeneo11s1y could concentrate

their efiort the gain will he collsi(ler- cational efiort- especially in its in- able. dustrial, technical and art depart- ments-aIl these constitute an illlme- But fi naH y, th ere is scope for C0111- cliate challenge for consolidation of ity among all. Every Christian mis- outlook and execution. The publica- sionary in South Africa ought to know tion of interscctarian newspapers in his colleagues better. Half our di f- three or four of the leading vernacu- ierences a re due to misl1nderstanding lars would be included under cduca- tion. Here the Natal Missionary Conand would vanish if '1ce 011/)' !me,l'. ference has set a noteworthy example by launching a cooperative religious Periodical fraternals for unhurried newspaper in Zulu, the editorial spiritl1<l I intercourse would have this board to consist of representatives of effect among workers on adjoining the different societies. fields. , coml11on scheme of praye r would ccment sllch friendship and i f rica has been called the imperiled pave the vay for the unity of the prize of the Church, it is also the spirit. There is a great need of spirit- great laboratory of the Church. "I-Iere ual deepening and (luickening. spiritnal conditions are at their worst, degradation most complete. If Chris- M a rcover a consensus of mission- tianity can solve Africa's problems, ary conviction in matters of general it can do anything. " South Africa interest is a great desideratum. There contains every problem of pagan Afriis a call for uni ted action in stich mat- ca in process of solution. It is the ters as social purity, temperance, pre- test-tube of the great pagan laboraservation of health , legi slation and tory. The success of the experiment education. Each of these departments depends on the mixing of the ingrehas inter-denominational value. The dients, bnt not in a haphazard way. formation of a ?ational Vhite Cross It requires infinite patience and skill. Society, the incorporation of th e South Contact, too, is a matter of maniptl- African Temperance Alliance, the es- lation and arrangement, but above all tablishmcn t of Fnion Hospital s, nego- of mutual forbearan ce and fellowship tiation with the government on mat- with the divine head of the Church. ters affecting liberty of conscience and Ch ri stian rights. and last, but not least, the coordination of edu- HOW B] BLES ARE CARIHE D IN AFIHCA

A LARGE SUNDAY-SCHOOL AT no PO TO, ON THE UPPE1t

DAY OF OPPORTUNITY IN WEST CENTRAL AFRICA BY JOHN H. HARRIS, F .R.G.S.* ERTAIN facts impress to throw an effective barrier across the path of Mohammedan progress, LCCJ t~le mind ~f the impar- a barrier which will not only prevent tIal 111veshgator III con- its southern march, but may even drive sidering the position of back the vanguard of the Moslem ~ Christianity in Africa forces. below the Mohammeclan belt; first, the dislike and con- The antipathy felt toward the mistempt with which the majority of the sionary and Christian community is official and trading classes regard the hardly likely to become less marked missionary; second, the missionary's in the near future; administration;; simple faith and goodness, his splendid are undergoing a change in their atheroism and his magnificent devotion. titude toward the colored races which Then one can not but be imprest must necessarily force high-minded with the fact that missionary enter- Christian men into an increasingly prise has changed in character with resolute defense of their native coma success which promises to be over- munities. Commercial methods are whelming. Finally, one sees the op- undergoing a still more far-reaching portunity which to-day presents itself change; the oIeI time merchant is giv- * Mr. af1d ~frs. Han-is rccrnily visited Vest Central ,,frica under the auspices of the Anti-Slavery Society. of ·England, to study labor and sodal conditions. At the same time they examined Christian mis~iollary enterp r i:::e and here set forth the rest11;s of th~s investigation. T1Je course of their inquides demanded a tramp through virgin forests and swamps and aCI-OSS arid plains for over five hundred miles; paddling in little dugouts for another thousand miles. and four times that distance in t"iver steamers. A journey of this nature hrings the traveler into c()ntact with every section of the ;frican community-governors and officials, white and colored merchants, the Christian, the lfohammedan and the Pagan.-ED1TOR.

ing place to the highly organized syn- The history of efforts to win West dicate, which, as a unit, possesses Central A frica for the Christian Faith neither heart nor conscience and is is divided into two periods; the first generally sufficiently strong in influ- dating apparently from about the 16th ence at home and power abroad to century, tho records are extant which menace any administration. The mis- suggest yet earlier efforts. The pionsionary, acknowledging no higher eers of the earlier period were sent earthly authority than his own con- exclusively from Rome. The second science, is bound to find himself more period is almost entirely a 19th cenand more in conflict with the exploit- tury effort, and its activity springs ing energy of these vigorous dividend mainly from the Protestant Churches. seekers. That this is good for the Church goes without saying, but it The first era was undoubtedly makes the lot of that isolated man and that of Christianity by conquest, woman in Central Africa very much a program carried out by the harder to bear. Portuguese under the blessing of the Pope, altho the Dutch frequently The forces of Christianity have not gave these "Christian swashbucklers" yet made any great advance in the far anything but a happy time. To-day hinterland of the Sierra Leone Pro- memorials to these enterprises exist in tectorate, the northern territories of several colonies in the form of ruined the Gold Coast or in Northern Nigeria, altars and chapels, now degenerating altho their efforts have been most into African fetish houses, many of abundantly rewarded in the Sierra which are to be found in out-of-the Leone Colony, the Gold Coast and way corners of the African hinterland. Southern Nigeria. In the Gold Coast In Portuguese Angola there is an ex- Colony the missionary meets with sim- tremely interesting ruin which demonple paganism, but in Southern Nigeria strates the fact that for a period subsehe encounters a very considerable Mo- quent to the earlier days of Portuguese hammedan community, about fifty per occupation the Dutch held this colony, cent. of the total population being which they conquered with the two- Moslems and equaling in numbers the fold object of converting the heathen combined forces of Christianity and and buying slaves. Tho time and Paganism. Below Nigeria;~that is criminal folly have obliterated much South of the Niger delta,~Moham­ of the interior beauty, one wall remedan influence is left behind ann the mains intact~a single mosaic of blue messengers of the Christian faith have tiles portraying the Christian forces to deal only with paganism; not the of the N etherlancls surrounded by the bloodthirsty and strongly entrenched myriads of heathendom; a guardian paganism which confronted Living- angel is depicted watching the constone, Ramseyer, Hannington and test; but blessing only the Christian George Grenfell, but a paganism so slave-dealers. The extent of this misbroken by the forces of civilization, guided piety and devotion may be so rent and riven by internal mis- gaged from the fact that the whole trust, that the masses of the people interior of this Church was originally are crying 011t "!Vho will show us any covered with pictorial blue and white good"? Dutch tiles, carried by the thousand in

OF OPPORTUNITY IN WEST CENTRAL

little sailing vessels all the way from contin~nt, stimulated a great move- Europe. 011 the islands of San Thome ment for evangelization from the alld Principe, side hy side with thcir vVest. a movemcnt which reached its terrible record of predial slavery, was most fervent expression in the early eighties of last century when the scramble for territory culminated in the General Conference of Berlin. That historic gathering of the repre- sentatives of the Powers was due pri- elarily to the keen witted Leopold, who saw therein his long awaited op- portunity of colonial expansion.

The Berlin Conference was unique in that it had for its program, not only the interests of commerce, but also that of Christian missionary propa- ganda, for by its subsequent treaty, missionaries were to be encouraged to win pagan tribes from barbarism. The immensity of the area thus consecrated THE ALAKE OF ABEOKUTA, WITH HIS SON AND THE DIBLE PRESENTED BY KING EDWARD IN 1904 a vigorous piety which named streets ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH AT LANDAN'A~ WEST AFRICA after the Divine attributes and covered the islands with Churches dedicated to to freedom of trade and missionary saints known and unknown. Some of enterprise is not generally recognized. these were erected as early as 1542, The Kongo basin, contrary to the genbut almost everyone to-day is in ruins. erally accepted belief, extends far Lamentable indeed is the devout awe beyond the boundaries of Belgian with which the native regards these Kongo, or, more correctly-the Kondecaying walls; having lost the solace which he originally found in his simple fetish charm, he clings with despairing fervor to the ivy covered altars, Lroken images ami worm-eaten crosses. Ichabod is everywhere written upon the efforts which those early Christian colonists made to force their Faith upon the pagan tribes of the great riverine areas of Central Africa. The second period of missionary enthusiasm began with David Livingstone's romantic work, which, altho primarily in the eastern part of the

go State. I ts northern frontier Leop()ld's undoing', f()r thence came reaches the tributaries of the Niger to the ears of Europe that unhroken and the 1'ile, while its eastern border stream of reliable information upon :nc1ude~ a large section of German the doings of the Royal rubber mer- East Africa, and in the south and west chant which unmasked him and forlarger areas still of both British Central A frica and Portuguese Angola ever made his name a byword among come under the operation of the Ber- the nations. On the spot, this blunlin Act. In this great pagan area, der gave the natives their only gleam nearly as large as the continent of of hope, and everywhere they flocked Europe, the forces of Christianity to the missionary, some of them jourhave been concelltrating their efforts neying hundreds of miles to seek the for the past thirty years, and with sympathy anel protection of the ''Inwhat result? gleza" (as all English speaking mis- sionaries are called). In 1904 King Jt is incontestible that the entrance Leopold was compelled by the exof the late King Leopold into the administrative activity of Central Africa posures made public in Europe and was the greatest known catastrophe ,merica to sene! out a Commission of in human affairs to which the African Enquiry to the Kongo, and the memcontinent has been subjected; his bers of this Commission were so imbaneful influence overflowed the banks prest with the power of the missionof the Kongo and its tributaries, it ary that the following passage was came within an ace of impregnating inserted in their memorable report: the British colony of Fganda, and actually obtained a foothold in Ger- Often, also, in the regions where evanman Kameruns: it invaded and al- gelical stations are established, the na- 1110st overwhelmed French Kongo, tive, instead of going to the magistrate, carrying with it the same orgie of his natural protector, adopts the habit, bloodshed, rapine and munIer, by when he thinks he has a grievance against which its sinuous track was everywhere known in the Kongo itself. an agent or an executive ()fficer, to con- Tho Leopoldian influence carried with it such a tale of horror, tho it ticle in the missionary. The latter listens made the very name of white man to him, helps him according to his means, stink in the nostrils of native tribes and makes himself the echo of all the for all generations, King Leopold, complaints of a region. Hence the like all criminals in history, made one astounding influence which the missionfatal blunder and outwitted himself: aries possess in some parts of the terri- -Having posed before the world as tory. It exercises itself not only among a Christian philantrophist, he was the natives within the purview of their compelled in that capacity, and by the religious propaganda, but oyer all the vilclauses of the Berlin and Brussels lages whose troubles they have listened Acts, to countenance and encourage to. The missionary becomes, for the namissionary activity, and, in practice, tive of the region, the only representative to open the Kongo territories to the of equity and justice; he adds to the asforces of Christianity. This was King cendancy acquired from his religious zeal the prestige which, in the interest of the State itself, should be invested in the magistrates.

What wonder that the word "In- glcza" became the synonym of chival- ry, what wonc1er it should be adopted in the Kongo as the safest of pass-

H)12! DA Y OF OPPORTUNITY IN WEST CENTRAL

words, so safe indeed that even the singing a hymn"! Fortunate indeed, Belgian rubber merchants have sought that one of those men remembered a security therein when danger threat- stanza learned at his mother's knee, ened from in furiated natives. The and thus saved the life of both himstory has been told by a Belgian how self and his wretched companion. two of his colleagues once fell into the This confidence in the missionary is hands of a tribe which had suffered se- further evidenced by the saying which verely from oppression ; the white men has now passed into a native proverb: larriecl no weapons of defense, a fact -"Ingleza nta fombaka" (The Engpromptly grasped by the natives, who lishman never tells a lie). This con- AUDIENCE COMING FROM CHURCH AT JALEl.iB A, UPPER KONCO had determined to put to death those fidence has not only spread through whom they believed-and correctly- the Kongo, but away even into Portuwere rubber agents of the State. guese Angola, and with so great an vVith true African frankness they in- asset, Christian missionary enterprise formed the anxious white men of is ever becoming more firmly fixt in their intention to first chop off their these territories. hands and then kill then. One of them, however, with a touch of that The missionary forces in the West genius which self defense inspires, re- Central region of Africa are drawn plied, "But we are 'Ingleza', you do not from Great Britain, France, America, put Ingleza to death"! The natives Germany and Sweden. The German "palavered" for some time and then ap- missions are largely represented by proached the white men again, saying the Basel YIission, that splendid in- -"You have not the appearance of stitution whose progress in the Gold Ingleza, but lest any mistake be made, Coast and in German Kameruns is alprove to us that you are Ingleza by most phenomenal. The American mis- sions are clotted about all over the is-

lands and "the Coast", where, some- The Gospel is carried further afield, times by their unique methods, they is presented by men with a full knowl- occasionally give severe shocks to edge of native life and customs, is their more phlegmatic brethren. Eng- spoken with a complete mastery of the lish missions arc devoting their en- native tongue; the results have al- ergies mainly to Southern N ifSeria, ready been truly astonishing. Fernando Po, the Kongo, and Portu- guese Angola, while the French Evan- The progress of Chris,tianity in gelical Mission makes headway with heathen lands is too often measured difficulty in French Kongo. Denomin- by the bare statistics of missionary ations are distributed equally among reports. However satisfactory this the Baptists, Anglicans, Presbyter- "stock-taking" may be in civilized ians and the several Methodist orders. countries, where everyone knows The Congregational Church and the more or less the elements of the Chris- Salvation Army alone have no mis- tian faith, it is grotesquely unsatisfacsions in West Africa. tory to apply such tests to pagan coun- tries. The missionaries can not in- With but few exceptions the work clude those thousands of men and has been in the hands of men and women whom they know are converts women representing the somewhat ex- to Christianity, but whose intricate treme Evangelical section of the social ties preclude them from open Church, who regard the actual preach- church-membership. There comes, ing of the Gospel as the only duty of too, a time in all mission fields when the missionary. Circumstances have the collective mind of the nation benow broadened their outlook, altho gins to move toward a new faith. for many years few were prepared This aspect, intangible at first, often to surrender to others the work of con- imperceptible even to the individual tinuous village preaching. The mis- missionary, but clear to the onlooker, sionary, who insists lIpon preaching has already arrived in the Kongo the Gospel almost exclusively himself, Basin. obviously can not expect such great results as the man who, perhaps with During the last ten years, the early less ostentatious Evangelical fervor, is native converts have been trained and willing to sit quietly in the schoolroom sent forth to teach and preach, but and study preparing natives to go while the Leopoldian regime held forth and preach. We understand sway in the Kongo itself, little headand sympathize with the "fiery zealot," way could be made by the native teachbut the native thinks him a strange ers beyond that of seed-planting on being and does not understand two ground rendered receptive by the sentences of his Anglicized Bantu, or, knowledge that behind the native worse still, Batuized English with an Evangelists was the sympathetic mis- American accent! Gradually, how- sionary, more reliable in actual and ever, conditions have changed, and potential trouble than even native relamissionaries have within the last ten tives. With the uprising of public years come to realize that the advant- opinion and the consequent gradual age of training the native to go forth disappearance of violent oppression, as the preacher, is overwhelming.- the situation has changed; the native

OF OPPORTUNITY IN WEST CENTRAL

Evangelist is welcomed as the bringer from these centers there now radiates of good tidings, a foretaste of which a whole series of outstations where they have already received in the ten years ago a white man dared not lightening of their grevious burdens, travel, and where even to-day, it is through-so the natives believe-the not particularly safe for any but the influence of the white messenger of missionary and his messenger. Away the Cross. The message, therefore, up the distant Kasal the American is now listened to with insatiable Presbyterians, with only two stations, A BAPTIST MISSION TRAINING CLASS ON THE KONGO eagerness everywhere, and the general" have something like 10,000 members mental attitude at least is definitely of the Church and nearly 100 Evanand finally set toward the Christian gelists; not only so, but native faith. churches are everywhere springing into existence at a pace which is dis- Ten years ago, to my personal tinctly embarrassing to the already knowledge, human flesh could be pur- overworked missionaries. Very similar chased for consumption on the banks conditions exist down south in Angola of the Bussira river. To-day, on that and away north in the Gold Coast tertributary alone, over 2,000 mem- ritories. In Angola the Methodist bers of the Christian Church are Episcopal Society has, within the last in the villages, and every week over twelve months, increased its actual 100 Evangelists are traveling from membership fifty per cent., while in town to town preaching the Gospel. the Gold Coast, the Basel Mission At mission centers like Bolobo, Bo- records a membership of something lengi, Jikau, and Yalemba, one sees like 30,000, who pay, so we were inchurches crowded to overflowing, and

formed, one-fourth of the entire cost stituting a grant per capita for the of the Mission. finished product," i. e., a native train- ed by the mission to a scheduled It is clearly the duty of the Home standard of literary and industrial Churches to organize a forward move- knowledge and practise. ment. Now is the day of opportunity while the native is receptive and the The need for such missions in the doors wiele open to the entrance of Kongo basin is a thousandfold greater Christianity. To delay may be to wit- than in any other part of West Cenness in ten years' time the Moham- tral Africa. Throughout the territory medan faith firmly established the natural economic resources have throughout Vest Central Africa. The been almost exhausted and the ever Missionary Committee should pour increasing Christian community has into Central Africa men and women no economic future before it. There capable of directing the increasing is land in plenty, land be it rememarmy of native Christians. The Gold bered, highly suited to the production Coast and Nigerian Churches should of palm oil, cocoa, henequen, and posbe linked with Uganda by way of sibly copra, but there is no one to German Kameruns and the great lead the natives to cultivate that land. Ubangi river. That great tributary of The natives,-Christian and Pagan,- the Kongo, rising on the Anglo-Egyp- regard Bula Mataci (the Governtian border and passing through ment officials) with great aversion; French and German territory, must the merchants in the Kongo are too be regarded as the frontier of Chris- few to attempt the task of agricultural tianity, across which JIohal11t11edan- education. The missionaries alone are ism must never be allowed to pass. capable of leading the people to till To-day it is without a single Protest- the soil and in the messengers of ant l11issionary,-a grave error of Christianity the natives have un- Christian statesmanship, in rectifying bounded confidence. If, therefore, the which no time must be lost. "astounding influence"-which even the Belgians admit the missionaries The chief criticism to which mis- possess over the native mind-could sions in West Afriea have been ex- be utilized to turn that devastated posed, by sincere tho very candid peo- land into a garden, it would be fruitple, is that they have concentrated 0'1 ful of permanent stability to the colony a spiritual and literary training of and render possible at a future date the natives to the exclusion of more a sel f – supporting, self – propagating practical education. Vithin compara- Christian Church. tively recent years, however, the Church Missionary Society in Nigeria, A grave danger of secession conthe Basel Mission in the Gold Coast, fronts Christian missionary propathe Presbyterians in Calabar and the ganda in almost every colony in West Primitive Methodists in the Gulf of Africa, due to polygamy. With the Guinea have all undertaken extensive growth of knowledge and material industrial training, and the British prosperity, the natives are showing Government has stimulated this move- an increasing tendency to manage ment by withdrawing general sub- their own affairs in church matters, sidies to missionary effort and sub- and particularly in regard to the in-

12 ] DAY OF OPPORTUNITY IN WEST CENTRAL AFRICA

terpretation of Christian practise. The The political future of the Kongo whole social fabric of West Africa is uncertain. Belgium has succeeded rests on a polygamous basis, which is in putting an end to the atrocity rebeyond question incompatible with gime, but that is all. The Kongo basin present day Christianity, but a con- requires trained colonial statesmen to siderable section of the natives argue guide its future, it needs a personnel that their tribes socially are still in with experience in colonial administrathe patriarchal age, and that genera- tion, it needs what all tropical and tions must elapse before a monagam- sub-tropical colonies demand as a ous standard can be evolved, at the basis for future prosperity-an annual same time they proceed to demand grant-in-aid, and not less than one to that the transition stage shall be two millions sterling must be found abridged with a permissive but re- if the administration of the Kongo stricted practise of polygamy. In one is to be maintained. France has the" colony this movement has gone the men, the money and the conception, inevitable length and founded a separ- which, together, may yet remove the ate Church, which numbers, it is com- traces of Leopoldianism in French puted, nearly 14,000 members. This Kongo. Belgium has neither colonial movement already threatens disaster conception nor men, and tho she has to the missions in one colony for if the money, it is extremely doubtful the Minister remonstrates with any whether the nation will consent to member of his flock upon alleged poly- pour it into the Kongo at the rate of gamy, the next he probably hears is 1,000,000 pounds per annum for somethat the member in question has, with thing like twenty years. Belgium, several of his friends, seceded and however, will no doubt retain control joined the African Church. This of the territory for a few years and African Church-distinct from the during that time missionary societies Ethiopian in several respects-is above should press forward. France posall things vigorously propagandist, and sessing the right of pre-emption will, with its permissive polygamy appeals if she succeeds to the territory, pursue to the instincts of the native every- her usual antagonistic policy towards where, with the result that conversion missions and render extension exto the tenets of its faith is fairly easy, tremely difficult. If, however, miseven for the pagan, and its doors are sionary enterprise is widely spread always thrown widely open to seced- over the Kongo, a plea for a ers. That the movement will spread guaranteed position could not be resouthward is certain and that it will fused in any conference which may cross the Kongo to Uganda is quite be held for discussing the future of probable. The first wave across Cen- the Kongo area. The central polititral Africa will, in all probability, be cal factor for Missionary Committees a religious one without any very high to bear in mind is, that at present the standard of life and conduct, but this Belgian Government and the native will undoubtedly be followed by an tribes are more friendly toward Chrisethical wave which, it is hoped, will tian missionary propaganda than in give to Central Africa a stable Chris- any other political division of West tian Church. Central Africa.

HOME CHURCH AND FOREIGN MISSIONS *

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK.

HE problem of the re- For every representative of the Chris- tian Gospel that we have sent to the' ITI lation of the home foreign field, we have sent ten of the Church to foreign mis- other kind to frustrate and confute sion work consists in the Christian message. the unsealing of the principles of the mis- Christian men must awake to their sionary SPIrIt, in giving to Christians duty in this regard. The Christian the convictions and experiences which business house that sends a dissolute will teach them clearly that what he man to represent it in Chini! is dishas he mnst share with others. loyal to the Christian faith. The nominal Christian government that Every disciple must know what he sends men to represent it in any 11011believes, and must have experience of Christian land who deny in their what the world needs. If a man does words or lives or example, or in their not know what he believes he can not conduct, the Christian principles of state it to himself or define it to his the land that sent them, is not faithbrother. When he knows that he has ful to its Christian duty. Who can something that is life to him, some- blame the Jew because he will not thing that every other man must have, listen to the Gospel; or the Mohamthen he will desire to share that some- medan, remembering the Crusades thing with the world. A religion that and the evils that have been poured is uncommunicable is untenable, and out by nominal Christians the any religion that a man can keep to last few generations ? In his place himself, is not worth keeping. every man would feel the same repug- nance toward Christians that the Jew Our first problem is, to open in the and Mohammedan feel. life of every Christian, convictions regarding Christ, and an experience of It is not only our duty to share our Christ, so true, so first-hand, so deep good with the world, hut it is our duty in his own life, that he will be con- also to make amends for all the evils strained to share his possession with we have done and for the good we the whole world. have neglected to do.

Our second problem is not only to re- In the third place, the whole miscover such consciousness of the good sionary propaganda needs to be brightwe possess that we are bound to share ened in our conception of it. We must it with others, but also to bring about go on in a technical way, doing all we such an awakening of conscience have been doing, the professional among Christians at home as to pre- trend being to plant Christian instituvent the spread over the world of tions in this land, But a far broader those evils that war against our God. propaganda must be carried 011 in There is nota missionary field in the other lands: In a South African world to which we have not sent out paper I read an article in which the more evil to war against the good, writer contended for a new type of than good to war against the evil.

1OReport of address at the Conservation Congress of the Men and Religion Movement. Printed by permission of the Association Press, publishers of the official report, "Messages of the Men and Religion Movement,O volunteer movement, which would "Ve are never going to win the lead men in every class of the diplo- world to Christ until the whole line matic service, in business, in every steps forward. It may be that we shall line, to press out over the world with have to try without the whole line, as the Christian purpose and aim domin- we have been doing. John Morley said ating their lives. That is the way that the whole history of success is I,J ohammedanisl11 has spread through- the history of the minority. But it out the world. We hear of Moham- is not the will of God that this work medanism having spread by the should be done that way. Everyone sword, but there were many years in can have his share if only the whole which it never had a sword by which Christian line will step forward. to spread. Every Mohammedan took the Koran and his religion with him, rn the fourth place, the charge has as his nearest companion and best possession to share with every man. been made repeatedly and openly that the Christian religion is not what it The great Volunteer Missionary professes to be. It can neither be ::'vlovement of the twentieth century propagated through the world nor reneeds not only men who will go out tained as a personal possession, if its as the rising hope of a great army of assurances are regarded everywhere men at home and abroad, but who will as erroneous. If they are wellgo out with the missionary principles founded, then we have a force as real dominating their lives, and the mis- as the forces of the tide or gravitasionary purpose primary with them. tion. We should use that force, as There is no reason why it should not we are using the great forces of God's he so, as it was with Livingstone and universe, to accomplish our missionary Martin and Carey. When the Ashan- end, and we should not attempt a task tee expedition went out from Eng- which, without that force, we never land everybody knew that many of can accomplish. It is because the task the men would never come back. The is so gigantic that we are driven back whole expedition was made up of to release the resources that are only volunteers. From Windsor they sent in God. Without the use of those out an order and the Colonel of the energies the work can not be done, Scots Guards said to the men: "Any but with them it can be done, even in man who wants to volunteer for this our generation. almost fatal service will step out three paces." When he had finished speak- We need get back again to the ing, he turned away and when he simplicity of the childlike Daniel, and looked hack, there was the line un- the men ,,,.ho were with Christ and broken in front of him, just as it was heard Him tell them that they could before. He looked up and down the remove 111oupt3ins if they had faith. line, shame and indignation mingling "' e could do that which is impossible to think that none of them had stept now if we exercised that faith, and out of the line. He was just about planted Christ as the Living Power to speak to them with scorn, when one that He is in the world. officer said to him, "Colonel, the whole line stept forward." In the fifth place, there is the ab- solute necessity of a unified campaign if we are ever to achieve these ends. If we are to do this work success-

fully we must go in one great cam- Him who launched this missionary paign with one great plan of action, enterprise in the first place, of the with one Christian common end in whole world knit together again into view. Nothing but this will ever ac- one. There is no power but Christ's complish it. One man may chase a power that will ever do it. I chalthousand, and two men may chase lenge you to find in history a single ten thousand, but the two would never power that has succeeded in unifying have come together if there had not even one nation except the fusing, been ten thousand against them. It unifying influence of a common reliis only when the Christian Church gious loyalty. Much less will anyrealizes that she has a task so big thing unify diverse races, alien peothat the very weight will crush her ples of many lands. Only one thing, together, blending into one another will ever weld this world into one again by the very heat of pressure, melting -the one thing that can break down together the most divergent Christian all barriers that separate man from views, that we can be fused into one. man, or races from races, or nation Ve can never accomplish the work be.. from nation-only one force, and that hind the breastwork, comparing ra- is the force of which the missionary tions, talking over mild experiences. enterprise is the custodian and trustee. We will only do it as we stand before the fort, realizing that the least divi- Before us is the vision of the sion among us means absolute defeat. Christian Church, realizing her privi- Once we recognize that unity is neces- lige, "Laying aside every weight and sary before this task will be accom- the sin that doth so easily beset us," plished, we shall move like a mighty looking away with a single eye to the army. Captain of her salvation and the one author of her faith, and going out in Last of all, we must have before the purity of that faith and devotion LIS a great vision-something more to give the world the power that only than a dean city, something more will bring the whole family into that than a purified United States and life in which there is neither circum- Canada-we must have before us a cision, nor uncircumcision, but where vision as shown before the eyes of Christ is all and in all.

TRAVELING IN CHINA

AND FICTION ABOUT MISSIONARY

BY CHARLES T. RIGGS, CONSTANTINOPLE, TURKEY OME view the mission- not require a knowledge of the na- tive language of the place. He has ISI ary life as monoto- probably never taken a lesson in nous, full of priva- doubfe-entry bookkeeping in his col- tions and danger, un- lege course, but must now learn it by healthy and hopeless. practical experience with liras, medj i- It is surprizing how diehs, piastres and paras. easy it is to characterize and even stigmatize, at a safe distance, some- As the keeping of accounts for a thing of which one has no first-hand large station, including a hospital and knowledge. three or four educational institu- tions, besides twenty to fifty outsta- 1. The life of the missionary is tions, is not supposed to take up all full of the unexpected. One starts out the time he can not give to language sometimes with the idea that he is to study, and also since he must have learn a foreign language, and then a house to live in, and no nativepreach and teach. His first experience built house is clean or sanitary, he may be, as he goes from New York must now become his own architect over sea and land to his post in and builder-and this in a place Asia Minor, the mastering of the in- where they sell lumber by weight, and tricacies. of various monetary sys- stone by the wagon load, and there tems; for he must render an accu- are no plumbers or other modern rate and detailed statement to his conveniences. board of all his traveling expenses, reducing to American money the One must, in fact, be ready to fractional currency of half a dozen turn his hand to any and every occountries in bewildering rapid suc- cupation. No wonder that every cession-to say nothing of disposing ounce of ingenuity or mechanical skill in some economical way of non- in his brain is brought into play and usable remnants of foreign moneys. developed. So Cyrus Hamlin be- came successively baker, laundryman, On his arrival at his station, if this builder, rat-trap maker, and practical preliminary training has not softened demonstrator of the telegraph to the his brain, he may very likely be Sultan. prest into service to put up and start to work a gasolene engine, just pro- 2. There is no doubt that it mcured for the industrial work of some valves privations. No patriotic citieducational institution, and whose in- zen of the United States but feels the tricate mechanism has baffled all lo- enforced absence from his country, cal mechanics. Or he may be called the loss of the ballot, and the necesupon to plunge into the midst of sity of waiting, perhaps a month, befamine relief work, or the distribu- fore he can hear who was elected tion of clothing and supplies to suf- President. Then, too, no matter how ferers from war or massacre. Or he charmed may be the circle of which may be requested to relieve the sta- he is now a member, he of necessity tion treasurer of his duties along the feels the limitations of that small financial line, since bookkeeping does circle. Gone are the ministerial meet-

ings of Blue Monday, gone the in- promising doors. Nor do scientists spiring church gatherings and educa- and explorers stay at home because tional meetings, and the friendly at- of what they must suffer. mosphere of the Y. M. C. A. rooms, the associations of alumni gatherings 3. The missionary must expect to and all that. He is, indeed, fortu- be misunderstood. This apparently nate if the small circle of Americans inheres in any great undertaking. A with whom he is so closely associated are all of the possible variety; for recent book by Rev. J. L. Barton, the impossible ones do not all stay at home. Besides all this, he is in D.D., "The Missionary and His the midst of depressing surround- Critics," treats this topic very fully. ings. Not only is there no sound of The writer once overheard an Amerirailroad whistle within 300 miles, but can tourist complaining of the foundthe weight of the poverty, degrada- er of Robert College for having tion, ignorance and filth of the people started an institution that had given is greater than he had realized. And the American Government so much there is no relief from this monotony trouble, and necessitated such freof depression. One may quickly be- quent diplomatic interference. He come a pessimist, or worse, by look- would have searched in vain through ing merely at this view of the case. the official records for a single case of such governmental interference. But do these privations character- Perhaps the favorable testimony of ize missionary's life only? Certainly such men as the King of Bulgaria they are no exclusive possession of and Euver Bey, the hero of the Turkhis. The increasing number who are ish revolution, might not have conengaged in the diplomatic and con- vinced him of his mistake. sular service of our country experience all this, just as keenly, and with 4. The life of the foreign missionthe added burden of the artificiality ary is a healthy life. Vital statistics of diplomatic life. At all events, the of the various boards will confirm missionary can be himself, and need this. Occasionally an otherwise trustnot ape the social peculiarities of worthy person asserts the contrary. other nations. In times of danger At a recent annual gathering of one through hostile uprising, as in Pe- of the great foreign boards, a speaker, king and Tabriz, ambassadors and himself not a missionary, whose oraconsuls experience the same danger tory ran away with his facts, in speakas ,the missionaries, and meet them ing to outgoing missionaries, said: with equal fortitude. The newspaper "lVe know that only a few of YOll will man endures equal privations, and ever return. Of necessity your caoften runs greater risks. In the cap- reer will be very brief." But figures ture of Constantinople by the Con- do not bear this out. Take, for exstitutionalists on April 24th last, the ample, the records of the American only American wounded was a war Board. Facts are not at hand with correspondent. Privations and dan- reference to those who have passed gers do not deter the representatives to their reward. But of the 600 now of mercantile houses from entering under appointment, the average term of service has already been 16 years and I I months. Seven of them have served 50 years or over. Forty others

have served 40 years or over. Sixty- Oosely linked with this is the joy nine others have served 30 years or of being a coworker with the Master. over, making a total of more than It is His work, and His servants have 100 who have already been on the His presence, His assurances, His field more than a human generation. blessing, His happiness. Jesus was These figures by themselves do not the happiest man that ever lived; and prove the case. Probably the records the happiness of constant participaof those whose work is ended would tion in life-energy with such a spirit prove more. But at all events they is limitless. One element in this joy go to show that the missionary work is the certainty of ultimate successis not necessarily unhealthy. Or take of ultimate victory. How can one the showing by fields. The place be pessimistic or downhearted in view supposedly the most unhealthy is Af- of this? The song of victory is alrica, with India a close second. In ready, by faith, in the mouths of the the above list, the Africa missionary followers of the Lamb. The Lord has on the average served 14 years God Omnipotent reigneth, and we and eight months, and the India mis- shall reign with Him. Nowhere is sionary averages IS years and five this fact a more blessed comfort than months. to a worker in the midst of dark and unfavorable surroundings. Like a 5. The life of the foreign worker is beacon in the night comes the thought a happy life. The wife of aNew that, in spite of apparent defeats and York physician, a good Christian inexplicable setbacks, woman, while traveling abroad a few years since, met a missionary at his "Right is Right, since God is God, station, and after many inquiries as And right the day MUST win." to his work, said, "Well, you have 6. The missionary feels that he is our sympathy!" "Thank you," said in an inspiring succession. If there he, "we don't need it." Many people is any virtue in apostolic succession, express surprize at the eagerness of that virtue is his. Such medieval a missionary on furlough to get back heroes as Cyril and Methodius of to the field. The truth is, the harvest Thessalonica, working in the ninth time has begun in nearly all fields. century in Bulgaria, Moravia and There was a time of seed sowing, Bohemia; and Francis Xavier, in the with no visible results. But the sixteenth, in Iridia, Ceylon and Japan; worker of to-day sees the good being and those of later times, such as done, enjoys the results of other's Carey, Duff, Judson, Martyn, Livlabors as well as his own, and is ingstone, Goodell, Morrison, Gilmour, happy. Many a slum worker in Chi- the Chalmerses, the Mackays, Hamcago, many a pioneer on a Western lin, the Chamberlains, Hudson TaypraIrIe, is more in need of sympathy. lor, Bishop Thoburn, Hiram Bing- The happiness of seeing individuals and communities transfigured and ham, and a host of other mightiestransformed by "the Light that never who wnuld not follow in their train? was on sea or land" is the portion The mere recital of their names reof 1110st foreign workers. It is the minds one of the eleventh of the joy of service. Hebrews; and their biographies read like romances. ] ust to be in the

tanks with such a battalion of Chris- ficials to the world-wide influence tian soldiers is an inspiration. and civic importance of missions.

7. The missionary's life is one with 8. Finally, the work of the misa world-wide interest. It is bound sionary is the most audacious work up with the awakening of nations. in the world. Think of the daring Modern ideas and civilization owe of Raymund Lull, of John G. Paton, much of their progress in oriental of Keith Falconer, of Bishop Hannlands to his work. And kings and ington, facing unsympathetic and unemperors have not been slow in ac- civilized millions, in fuJI assurance knowledging their appreciation of his that, without sword and without efforts. Probably no man would ac- money, their mere message would cuse kings and emperors of partiality transform whole communities. Think to foreign mISSIOnaries, and yet, of the fearlessness of Mary Reed in within recent years a number of India, and of Father Damien in Mo- Americans have been publicly deco- lokai, braving loathsome and deadly rated for great services rendered in disease, counting not their lives dear many lands. Rev. Dr. De Forest, of unto themselves if only they might Japan, received the Order of the bear a message of cheer to the most Rising Sun, because of his noble hopeless outcasts in the world. Surely work in the Y. M. C. A. in the they inherited the boldness of Peter Japanese army during the late war. and John, because they had been Rev. Dr. W. A. P. Martin was chosen with Jesus, nay, the audacity of the president of the Chinese Imperial very plan of salvation itself is amazing. University. Rev. Dr. George Wash- Eleven men to go into all the world and burn was made commander of the make disciples of all nations! A few Order of St. Alexander, and a grand thousands to go out into a hostile officer of the National Bulgarian world and give a new life, a new Order of Civil Merit, because of his motive, to a thousand millions of work through Robert College for followers of the evil one! When one stops to think of the foolhardi- Bulgaria. Rev. Dr. J. P. Jones and ness of it all, from any human stand- point, the cry of the heart is, "Lord, Rev. Dr. Henry Forman have each increase our faith!" And the glad received the Kaiser-i-Hind medal for reply of an increased faith is, "I their work in connection with famine can do all things through Christ that relief in India. The conspicuous strengtheneth me." So the great part played by the missionaries in mission boards of our churches can preparing the peoples of Turkey for go on with their work with a subconstitutional government has been lime faith that the needed funds will deservedly emphasized of late. And be forthcoming from churches and the last Ecumenical Conference of individuals; with exactly the same Missions, held in 1900 in New York, kind of faith as that shown by Hud~ accomplished a unique feat in bring- son Taylor and George Muller and ing together on its platform ex- Barnardo-a faith founded upon the President Harrison, President Mc- Rock of Ages. Kinley and Governor Roosevelt, to bear their testimony as public of-

'tHE INcREDIBLE FACTS OF MODERN MISSIONS *

BY ARTHUR T. PIERSON. "For I work in your days, a work upon which ye shall in no wise believe, tho a man declare it l1nto you." Acts xiii, 41.

HE very fact that this into the few preceding years. There is much said in these days in objection 1mT was a quotation from to the virgin birth of our Lord Jesus the ancient prophets Christ. I am not now going to defend proves that it repre- it, tho I confess myself fool enough sents a permanent fact to believe it, through and through. in human history. It But it is amazing that people who dis- is true of every age of cuss the virgin birth seem to have no the world that God works a work in conception of the fact that the docthose days which, tho authentically trine has not simply reference to the and adequately witnessed, men treat personality of our Lord Jesus Christ, not as fact but as fiction; and I am but that it is also the key to His engoing to speak now on the incredible tire history and to that of the Chrisfacts of our own day. tian Church from beginning to end.

Why are they treated as incredible? 'That was the virgin birth of Christ? First, because so few having eyes see, It was partly natural; it was partly and having ears hear, and having un- supernatural; the human and the diderstanding understand. There is vine constituted the miracle of the virvery little true observation. Men do gin birth. That is the key to the ennot see what is going on. And, again, tire career of our Lord Jesus Christ. we do not reflect upon what we do Out of the carpenter's shop of Nazarsee; for the deepest impressions eth, as out of another womb, came which come through the visual organ the Creator of all worlds and creaor organs of perception result only hnes; out of the natural baptism of from reflection. Meditation gives in- water in the Jordan came the anointed sight. And, yet again, we do not con- Messiah, with the Holy Spirit descendnect events. To understand the link ing upon Him in form like a dove; you must understand the chain. If out of the human experience of tempyou confine your attention to the link tation in the desert, common in a sense without considering the companion to all humanity, came the divine conlinks, and without tracing back the quest of Satan himself and the perlinks to the staple from which they manent judgment upon the adversary hang, and forward to that upon which of God and men; out of the mouth of they are finally suspended, you fail to a Man came the words of eternal life; get the connection of events. from under the hands of a Man came the healing touch that brought not God is working a work in our days only health to the sick, but life to the that is as supernatural as any ever dead in three remarkable miracles of accomplished from the foundation of resuscitation; out of the experience the world. It .assumes a different of the Cross and through the atoning form, has a different aspect and dif- blood came the victory over all the ferent methods of manifestation, and powers of earth and hell; out of the must be recognized by different facul- ascension of a Man came the descenties of ohservation, but it is proceed- sian of the Holy Spirit. Do YOll ing in amazing forms and with mar- not see how that virgin birth of Jesus velous rapidity. Christ interprets His whole career? At one end of it a virgin womb; at First of all, look back for a moment the other, a virgin tomb, in whic11 and remember why Paul said these never man had been laid. How the things in Antioch in Pisidia. The greatest succession of events that had ever taken place had been crowded * Delivered at the Northfield General Conference. RepriJ1ted from the Record of Christian Work.

two correspond! As out of the virgin the J aphetic and the most servile are womb came the Son of God, out of the Hamitic. Japhet is represented that virgin tomb came the Son of God as going to Shem for his knowledge rebegotten from the dead. In both of the Lord God, for his religious cases an event took place which never faith; and it is remarkable that there had taken place before in human his- has not been one great religion that tory; once a birth, and then a rebirth has not come from the Semitic races, out of death, no more to die, incap- or been mainly espoused by them. able henceforth of the experience of Even the Christian religion had its mortality. birth among Semitic people. So Brah- Paul, standing before the people in manism and Buddhism, Judaism and Antioch in Pisidia, was talking to Mohammedanism-all the great rethem about the marvels that had just ligions are Semitic in their origin or taken place in this history of Jesus, principal body of adherents. Noah from the virgin birth to the miracul- thus outlined the whole history of these races, and we see that the provious resurrection, and he said, speak- dence of God is behind all national ing in the name of God, "I work a history. work in your days which ye .shall in no wise believe, tho a man declare it If you study the map of the world, unto YOll"-a witness of His resur- you will see that nations have dropt rection, perfectly competent to declare out of history because they have been that miracle, which, once being ac- antagonistic to, or negligent of, God's cepted, carries all other miracles with Word. One of the most startling it, for the resurrection was the most events that ever occurred in our day stupendous event that ever took place was in the year 1870. The Vatican on the earth. It was in a sense all Council had hardlv declared that demiracles put together; blind eyes re- cree of infallibility which set a man ceived sight; deaf ears received hear- on the throne of God, before the teming; a dumb tongue received speech; poral power of the Pope came to an palsied limbs received power to walk! end, never to be restored. If you Paul was telling those incredulous want to see God's hand in human hispeople how God was working a tre- tory just read the story of 1870 and mendous work right in their day, and what took place in the Eternal City. that it was adequately testified to, and yet practically not believed. What do these and kindred facts mean but that God has given pre- Now tt1rn to our own day. Let me eminence in the world to those nations introduce the consideration of the in- that see to it that His Word is uncredible facts of missions, by looking hindered in its translation, publicafor a moment at some foundation prin- tion and diffusion? The scepter in ciples of the Word of God. The Bible the political sphere is held to-day by represents that nothing is transacted the Protestant nations. These are without God being behind it. Noah, some of the things going on right bein about forty words, forecasts the fore us, and yet how few of us ever whole future of the families of Ham, put them together as a part of the Shem and Japheth (Gen. ix. 25-27). providential plan and purpose of the He outlines their history, and gives ;vIost High.

the chief characteristics of those peo- Notice the rapidity of material proples. Of the Hamitic races the dom- gress. Has it ever occurred to you inant characteristic is servility; of that inventions do not come from huthe Semitic, nomadic conservation; man study merely, of by increased inand of the Japhetic, commercial en- telligence and illumination simply on largement and enterprise. It is so the part of human minds, but that even to-day. The most conservative God draws aside the veil that hides and nomadic races of the world are the secrets of nature from the senses the Semitic the most enterprising are of men only when He gets His Church

INCREDIBLE FACTS OF MODERN

ready for His work? For.a thousand of the New Testament in anyone of years there was no progress in the the more than five hundred languages race. The Church had become merely in which it is published. Look at a name and a form. Now when did these amazing facts, and think how the era of modern invention really be- few of us here have ever put these things together and seen them in gin? In 1453, with the downfall of their relation to each other and to the Constantinople and the dispersion of plan of God! We say, How wonder- Greek scholars into southern Europe ful is human progress! But we for- get that God arrests human progress as a preparation for the translation until He gets His Church ready to do of the Holy Scriptures into modern His work. tongues and dialects. In connection with the downfall of that capital at The next great era of invention and the Golden Horn, and the dispersion discovery did not dawn upon the huof these Greek scholars, came four of man race until, in the little parlor of the greatest inventions and discoveries Widow Beebee Wallis, at Kettering, of the ages; the mariner's compass, England, those few Baptist disciples the printing press with movable type, met and organized the first foreign steam as a motive power, and paper. missionary society. In that year, 1792, Look at the bearing of these upon there began a new period of discovery, the reformed faith. Just at that time the like of which had never been bethe Church was emerging out of the fore, and led Mr. Gladstone to say Dark Ages; reformers were reviving that ten years of the nineteenth cenagain the great doctrine of justifica- tury represented more progress for tion by faith. Wycliffe and Knox, the human race than all the centuries Luther and Melancthon, Calvin and that had preceoed, and he was not a Savonarola were appearing on the man to think or .speak carelessly upon stage of history as leaders in an apos- a matter of this nature. That statetolic revival of doctrine, and a new ment of Mr. Gladstone led me to look epoch began in the Church. Just then into this subject more carefully. I God unveiled secrets hidden hitherto; fonno that about two hundred and the mariner's compass to guide ships over unknown seas; the printing fifty of the greatest inventions known press to multiply copies of the Word to man have all come since 1837, the of God; steam, not only to drive ships vear in which I was born, and one over seas and carriages over land, can speak intelligently of the time of his own habitation on this planet but to be yoked with the printing if he has been watching the course of press for the multiplication of copies events. I will not stop to mention all of the Vorc!; and paper to supply of these wonderful discoveries, but cheap material, without which such only remind you that before the Vicmultiplication would have been almost torian era opened there was not a impossible, so as to bring them within reach of the average man. Tell me, steam vessel on the sea nor a steam as yon look at these things, is not carriage on the land; not a telegraph history His-story? vVas He not back in operation; no such thing as a of this preparation for the translation daguerreotype or photograph, a sew- ing machine or a typewriter, a phonoof His Gospel, for its world-wide graph or a telephone; no antiseptics transmission, publication and dissem- or anesthetics known, and, of course, ination, for the indefinite multiplica- no wireless telegraph. These are tion of copies of the Scriptures at are only a few of the hundreds of insuch price as is easily within the reach ventions and discoveries which belong to this wonderful modern era which of all? Go to the British and Foreign happens to coincide with the reign of Bible Society in London, or to the Queen Victoria. American Bible Society in New York, and for the average -price of about God has heen doing a work in our two trolley fares YOll may buy a copy

day more marvelous than ever He these centuries because He wants to wrought in the days of the Hebrews supply His Church with wheeled charwhen they came forth from Egypt and iots that move rapidly, yoked to steeds entered into the land of promise. of His own invention, and which na- Those were material miracles, in the ture has locked in silence and secrecy physical sphere; but these are in the until His time came, and the Church intellectual, religious, spiritual realms, aroused herself to the great work of and such are always far more wonder- evangelizing the world. ful than those that have to do with materia! things. The ancients used to boast their seven wonders of the world ! We See what God is doing! In some have seven wonders in our day, all respects He has permitted the human cosmopolitan; that is to say, they race to touch the limits of possibility. have to do with the whole race of For example, take the telegraph. In man; they are all novel, peculiar to the nature of the case, the communica- the age in which we live; and they tion of news can never be quicker than are all supernatural, inexplicable withinstantaneous. Take again wireless out Almighty God. We ought to look telegraphy. In the nature of the case, with a sense of trembling responsibilnothing can ever be more simple of transmission than that which needs ity lest all this be perverted to the no machinery but only the waves of uses of the devil. The greatest fear I have is that we shall so get our eyes ether to carry it. Moreover, if man, off God as to construe all this material by means of an instrument can see a progress as the result of human inthousand times further than with his vention and research, and turn it all naked eve, or hear a thousand times to the purposes of greed, commercial further than with his unaided ear, or enterprise, and what we c;tll consolimove a hundred times faster than he dation and concentration, entirely forcould walk, or lift a hundred or a thousand times as much as with his getting God! own arm, do you not see that man iVhat are these seven wonders? becomes to all intents and purposes gigantic? The giant of old that had World-wide exploration: Since Carey seven-league boots and made strides offered to go to India, the world has of twenty-one miles at every step was been explored, ami, as an Irishman a faint foreshadowing of the gigantic misht say, there is nothing in the stature and powers of the human race world undiscovered. There is reason to believe that we now know whatever to-day. Yet I venture to say that the is on this planet. World-wide COIllgreat majority of people never stop 11Umication: Ve have bored through to think of these things and to put the mountains and crossed the sea8 these facts together. It means that until there are now practically no ob- God is calling His Church to a new stacles between nations. And there work with Him, commensurate with comes, in consequence, world-wide her new opportunities, facilities and assimilation. We get to know one anprivileges. It means that God is try- other and to have prejudices removed ing His people to see whether, with that were founded in ignorance. The all these mUltiplied opportunities of Chinese are coming to know that there reaching the world, she is going to is something worth cultivating in the be apostate to her great trust. acquaintance of "foreign devils." Coming into contact with other peo- In these days the bulk of people are ples, the wrong impressions previousattributing what belongs to God, to man. They say: "How wonderful ly held are dissipated. And so in anthe human mind! See what research other generation there will come and genius achieve!" Most of us for- world-wide fraternization. Joseph get that God has drawn aside the veil Cook said that in the last century the from that which has been hidden all great achievement was world-wide neighborhood; in the twentieth, it

would be world-wide brotherhood. pareel in progress with that which has And then there is world-wide educa- just dosed. There have been, at the tion: Education is going all over the least calculation, two hundred revivals continents, in countries whose dark- in religion in those fifty years, and ness has been so deep as to be practical fifty of these among the most remarkmidnight for centuries. W orid-wide able the world has ever known. emancipation: No respectable nation on the earth holds slaves. Where I need only call your attention to slave traffic is, it is carried on private- the revival in Madagascar, where Ra- Iy and secretly, in an underhanded navaona II. put the Bible on her fashion, not as an open system. Eng- court table and married her own land freed her slaves in 1838, then prime minister, both becoming pro- Russia her serfs, and America in the fessed Christians and undertaking to late conflict of the Civil War struck build up the Empire on the basis of the fetters from 4,000,000 of bond- Holy Scripture. men. So the great nations stand to- In Hilo and Puna, on the Hawaiian day without any recognized system of Islands, there was in the early part of slavery. World-wide federation: As- the last century a revival so remarksociation is the great word in our day. able that a three years' camp meet- If a new trade were invented and only was held. The people came from all two people understood it, they would parts, bringing their occupations and draw up an agreement b.efore noon utensils with them, and settled down, to-morrow regulating the conditions ready to meet for worship at any time under which they would carry it on. of day or night; and the rude primi- These constitute the movements of tive Church was so tightly packed that the h1lman race in our day! All cos- people could not stir; if necessary to mopolitan. novel and supernatural; carry anyone out it was over the all for a world-wide purpose; and in- heads of others. When Titus Coan explicable without the divine factor. began to preach, the sobbing, groaning and crying made it necessary for him Most wonderful of all modern facts to stop, stand still and see the salvaare the revivals of religion that have tion of God. taken place all over the world. A little more than fifty years ago the mem- Then there was that wonderful rebers of Luelhiana mission in India is- vival among the Telugus in 1878, sued a call for a week of prayer in when 2.222 people were baptized in J anuafy, which has ever since been ob- one clay, and within eleven months served. Personally 1 regret that it JO,OOO, by 11r. Jewett and Dr. Clough, was not permanently kept as a week a revival that is yet going on, so that of intercession for foreign missions. the largest Church in the world is The dividing the week up among many found, not in an evangelical commun- ity at home, but among the Telugus objects has taken away something of in India, where about 60,000 converts its uniqueness and peculiar charm, for, belong to the one Church. These are when that call was issued, it was with some of the things that God has been reference to a week of prayer for the doing- in our day and we treat them as evangelization of the world, and ought incredible facts. to have been kept sacred to its original ilJtent. Rut, notwithstanding the di- The revival now going on in Korea version from its original purpose, and is, I believe, one of the greatest that has taken place since the day of Pentediffusion over a wider fielel, God ac- cost. I have heard Korean missionknowledged that effort on the part of aries give accotlnts of it and nothing His people a half century ago as they has ever come to my knowledge that united in prayer to extend the bounds compares in magnitude and in marvels of Christendom and secure the evan- with what is taking place in Korea. gelization of the race! And there Little bands of converts, coming tonever was a half century that com- gether for a prayer-meeting and pre-

sided over by one of their own num- to the field of action the crisis of the ber, being unable to offer gifts of battle has come. So, when God, the money, volunteer personal labor, until great General-in-chief in the mission- in the conrse of an hour, several years ary field, calls all His reserves into of time in the aggregate have been action, we may know that the end of pledged by those simple Korean con- the ages is nigh. For centuries the 'Jerts for voluntary, unpaid service in only active parties in the churches carrying the Gospel to their fellow were adult men and women; young countrymen. We, sitting here enjoy- men and women then had little or nothing to cia in active service for God. ing the good things of the feast in In 1844, in the city of London, the Northfield, do not begin to know such first Young Men's Christian Associa- consecration to the work of evangel- tion of the world's history was formed ization as these recently gathered con- under George Williams' leadership, verts have demonstrated. There is a -the beginning of organized work for primitive apostolic Church in Korea young men. Then followed organized to-day, which may possibly, within the next ten years, lead the way among work for young women in the Young all the Oriental nations in evangelistic vVomen's Christian Association, and, activity. later, various young people's societies. Now there are no reserves left, ex- Again let me emphasize the fact cept the babies, and they are being that God is working a great work in trained in enthusiasm for missions by our day. Ve must watch and recog- Christian mothers from the cradle up. nize His working, and rise to our own Do you not see how God's signals in- responsibility. If the Church fails dicate that the decisive battle of the Him in these days, He will cast it ages is at hand? He is calling out all aside and raise up another people to His reserves, and it is doubly alarmdo His will, as He did with the Israel- ing if at such a time we lose sight of ites at Kadesh-barnea, that was so God! near the land of promise that it is not quite certain whether it was not in- Federation is one of the great signs of our cia v. Great Christian bodies side the border. In a few hours tbey are disposed to sink their differences could have entered and taken posses- and magnify their agreements and sian; but because they were afraid come together, lose sight of their preto face the giant sons of Anak, and vious animosities and form themselves were so unbelieving and hardhearted into great united organizations, and that they were even going to stone Caleb for encouraging them to go for- even denominations. There is no litward, God turned them back into the tle danger that we shall so magnify desert for thirty-nine years till they federation as to lose sight of vital .all left their carcasses in the wilder- truth. If any such great truth is ness. If the Church of God in this sacriflced for the sake of outward generation does not arise to the work union it will be a curse. We must of the world's evangelization, He will not remove the ancient landmarks cast us aside and raise up another gen- which the fathers have set up and eration to do His will. bathed in martyrs' blood, for the sake Let me add a word of admonition of a mere external unity. I was once and warning. I have already said asked to go to a Church to bring it that one great danger is that we shall into harmony. I said that I had supattribute to man what really belongs posed it was united. "Yes," was the to God; another risk is that we shall reply, "it is united-frozen solid." It not heed God's signals. For instance, is possible to have a unity that is a God in these days is calling out all unity of frost and not of fire. It is His reserves. In all decisive battles likewise possible to have a unity that of the world, whenever the general- is superficial and artificial and secured in-chief has summoned all his reserves at the cost of doctrine that is vital

THE INCREDIBLE FACTS OF MODERN MISSIONS

and principle that is essential. Never 1,500 miles north and south. And sacrifice essentials for the sake of yet with a world that is only about ten externals. Let us have federation, times as big in territory we have been but only on the part of disciples who all these centuries and have not yet agree on the great foundations, like reached every soul once with the tIle inspiration of the Scriptures, the proclamation of the Gospel. I can not read the Book of Esther without feeldeity of JeSl1S Christ, His miraculous ing ashamed of the Church of Christ. About 20,000 laborers from the whole hirth, and resurrection; but, for God's Church and $20,000,000 to support sake, let 11S not seek external bonds of them. And yet single believers, in federation at the expense of the vital evangelical churches own so much truths of the Christian faith. money that, if piled up in silver dol- lars one on top of another, the pile Let us not turn all this magnificent would reach miles upward in the athuman progress in the mere direction mosphere! Where is our enthusiasm of commercial enterprise. The Granel for God? Central Station in New York, on which was spent $500,000 for rebuild- Thousands and millions of people ing a few years ago, is now being have not yet seen a missionary nor pulled down as tho it were a child's heard the first proclamation of the toy, and millions will be expended on Gospel. This assembly room has in the new station and its approaches. it as many as equal one-eighth of the Fifty years ago men would have hesi- missionary forces in the world that tated to spend a million, where now the Christian Church sends into heathey do not hesitate to spend a hun- then and papal countries. We do not dred million. I am told also that the know what consecration is or what Pennsylvania Railroad will spend giving is. I want to see the day when $r80,ooo,ooo before they get through people beget and bear and rear chilwith present outlay, and that it will dren for the mission tield; when they cost $2,000,000 a year to keep the New restrict their expenses for the sake of York station running. having more to give; when believers limit their indulgence, forgo fine Where is our enthusiasm for God? houses, collections of art and of books, The Student Volunteers have put and all forms of needless outlay for upon their printed matter a motto temporal things, for the sake of the which I had the honor to suggest to spiritual welfare of <l lost race. them twenty-five years ago: "The Evangelization of the ;Vorld in This I beseech you, take this matter into Generation." Some people look at new consideration before Almighty that as a wild dream. But if we read God and do not sleep until you have the Book of Esther we find that three communed with the ;Vonder Worker times during the period covered by that book imperial proclamations were of Ollr day, and have solemnly asked sent out that reached every individual Him, "Lord, what wilt thou have me in that great kingdom which extended to do?" about 3,000 miles east and west and

THE MISSIONARY COMMITTEE CAN DO*

BY J. CAMPBELL WHITE General Secretary of the Laymen's 1Iissionary Movement IO)NE of the greatest needs year to year. Statistical blanks m.ay ~. in the church life of be obtained on application. our day is the develop- 2. Study your Church as a factor ment and wise use of in the world-wide propagation of the Gospel, and plan to lead it out to its volunteer workers. If highest efficiency.

_ the 200,000 churches of 3. Adopt and carry through a com- prehensive plan of missionary educa- North America are to tion for the entire Church. This should indudebe enlisted deeply and permanently in ea.) Regular missionary meetings missionary activity, a very large force conducted bv members of the Church of such workers will be required. probably m~nthly.

Thus far one of the finest opportu- (b) The wide use of missionary pamphlets and books, and the taking nities that has appeared for splendid of subscriptions for missionary maga- zines. Every missionary committee volunteer service is a" members of mis- member should be a subscriber to Men and Missions as well as to the missionary committees. There are three sionary magazine of his own Church.

kinds of these committees, which are (c) The organization of Mission Study Classes or Discussion Groups needed to work cooperatively, in order at some favorable period each year.

to reach out to the last church and (d) An intensive period of mission- ary instruction through all Church orthe last member of each church. ganizations once a year, continuing for at least one month preceding the or- These three kinds of committees are: ganized personal canvass for subscrip- tions to missions. 1. The Missionary Committee in 4. Adopt and carry through a comeach local church; prehensive plan of missionary finance for the whole Church. This will in- 2. The denominational Missionary volve– Committee of each district composing (a.) The official adoption of the weekly missionary offering together a group of churches, whether that with such public instruction upon its advantages as will lead the members district is known as Presbytery, Clas- generally to use this plan.

sis, Association, District or Diocese. eb) Supplementing the regular 3. The City or County Committee weekly offering to missions by special thank-offerings, preferably at the of the Laymen's Missionary Move- Christmas and Easter seasons.

ment. (c) The organization and conduct of an annual personal canvass of the At the present moment there must entire congregation for a weekly sub- scription to missions, not resting satisbe at least a guarter of a million men fied until all of the members and many adherents have become systematic who are members of one or other of contributors.

these three kinds of committees. Cd) Promoting in every way possi- There is work enough to keep a whole million men busy, if this work is to be done thoroughly among the churches of the United States and Canada. The following condensed outline of the duties of these commit- tees has been prepared with great care, in consultation with the leaders of many different denominations and is commended to church-members gener- ally for their thoughtful considera- tion: The Commi.Hee in the Lecal Church I. "Take stock" at least annually, and keep permanent records, so that the growth of missionary interest and contributions can be measured from * From The Christian Missionary, ble the adoption of higher standards of The Denominational District Committee Christian stewardship. Bible classes, literature, addresses, testimony and I. Hold regular meetings of the prayer will all have a place in such a committee to keep in touch with what plan. is being done and to plan and pray for larger success. ee) Promoting among churches and 2. Get a missionary committee ap- Christians generally the practise of pointed in every Church, and keep a giving at least as much to missionary correct list of their names and adwork at home and abroad as they give dresses. for the support of the local Church. 3. Lead these committees to adopt (f) Keeping the church-members such a program of work as outlined from supposing that their "apportion- above, and cooperate with them heartment" is the measure of their duty. ily in carrying it out. In many cases it is only a fraction of what should be given. 4. Hold occasional conferences of the members of the missionary com- 5. Stimulate prayer for missions mittee of the churches of the district, to share experiences and plan for and missionaries on the part of the larger things. whole membership. This may be done 5. Subdivide the Church of the disby·- trict among the members of the dis- trict committee for continuous culti- ea) Emphasis upon the place and vation and frequent report.

importance of prayer as the most 6. Assist each church in the district, powerful method of work. that desires it, in holding some special meetings for the benefit of its own ( b) The circulation of helpful liter- members. A late afternoon and an ature on this subject. evening session, taking supper to- gether, give opportunity for a most ec) The circulation and use of profitable discussion.

prayer calendars. 7. Keep accurate, permanent statis- tical records of all the churches in the ed) Public prayer for missions in district, showing the progress from year to year, in their missionary efforts the church services, mid-week prayer- and contributions. Secure report meetings, Sunday-school, and all other blanks from the Laymen's Missionary church meetings. Movement.

(e) The enlistment of people to S. Seek to get every missionary pray habitually for some specific mis- committee member in your district to sionary. become a regular subscriber to Men ,;lld Missions, as well as to his own 6. Help to discover the recruits t[(:'nominational missionary magazine. needed for missionary service, at home :,Jo committee member can attain his and abroad. highest efficiency without this invalu- able assistance. 7. Promote habits of daily Bible study and prayer on the part of all 9. Keep in close touch with the mis- Christians, that there may be the spir- sionary work in other denominations itual health and vigor essential for that you may both give and receive world-wide Christian conquest. as much help as possible. This can be best accomplished through the city 8. Stimulate personal evangelism, or county committees of the Laymen's as an essential part of Christ's world- Missionary Movement. program.

9. Hold meetings of the committee regularly once each month to plan and pray for the largest measure of efficiency. At the beginning of each year a written policy for the coming year, embodying as many of the above lines of work as practicable, should be carefully worked out and adopted by the committee.

EDITORIALS

A LETTER FROM KOREA froll1 all over Korea Has witnesses,·'

Seoul, Korea, July 3, 1912. so they were told. As soon as they reached Seoul, however, they were O NE never knows when a letter will thrown into prison, where they lived be opened by the Japanese, and on the cold stone floors, never any we have felt that, up to the present heat. Twice a day a bucket of poor time, it would only make them harder rice and beans was brought in by a on the poor prisoners and more sus- guard, and a handful of it thrown at picious of us than they are, to make each prisoner. They were not allowed public many of the things that have to speak to each other, and in this happened. way they passed several weeks. Fi- nally they were taken before the Gen- In the spring the Japanese began darmery Court, one at a time. The making arrests of our school boys procedure there was that a series of here in Seoul. Nearly all the gradu- questions were asked about plots to ates, who were strong Christian boys, assassinate the Governor-General, or were arrested from around in the plots against the government. If the country where they were teaching. boys and men said they die! not know, They were charged with some in- or denied the accusations, they were definite plots against the government. tortured in various and barbarous Several of those arrested and tried ways. Sometimes, after they became were banished, some were sentenced delirious, they would assent to everyfor a period of years in prison at thing. Then, after a few weeks they hard labor, and a few were released, were sent up to the Procurator. There but all, I think, testified to having they were asked the same questions. been beaten and tortured in various If they denied the charges here they ways to make them testify. Many were sent back to the Gendarmes, of them were perfectly innocent, tho where th.ey were tortured till they a few may have been leaders of se- again assented. This boy I spoke of cret societies that may have had some went through this for seven times. plans of freeing Korea some day from At last they told him they would kill Japan. All that we have ever heard him if he came back again, so he gave of the plans of these societies-which his testimony to the procurator falsely, were mainly composed of school boys and so went on up to the regular -was that they enthusiastically urged court, where he was tried before a everyone to study and prepare them- judge and found innocent, and reselves in years to come to be ready leased. Isn't that awful? Perfectly to control their own government innocent men who were only taken when they should be free. Of course, up as witnesses. Well, the big trial no Christian Korean ever had any is on now-began last week. There thought of murder or assassination have been four days of it. There are in mind. One of our graduates, by about 50 men from Syen Chun, a the way, was beaten to death in good many from Pyeng Yang, and prison at this time. Another, whom some from Seoul-137 in all. All but we believe implicitly, was hung up a very few are Christians, and most by the thumbs until he was uncon- of those are leaders in the church. scious, seven_ different times. This is the system of this beautiful and civil- Excitement is high. Up to the ized country. People, during the past present, 50 men have been examined. year, have been brought up to Seo111 All have stood together as knowing nothing of any plot to murder the Christians; 13 catechumens; 3 new Governor-General, or of any of the believers; total, 85 Presbyterians.

charges brought against them. Every Also, 6 Southern Methodists, includ- man has said he only assented to the ing Baron Yun Chi Ho, one of the charges before because of the torture, finest Korean leaders in the country and many of them try to tell about -a strong Christian; 3 other believ- this torture but are shut off by the ers-no one seems to know just where j l1dge. they belong; I Roman Catholic; 2 There is no doubt but that it is an Congregationalists; 7 unknown; 22 attack on the church and against the heathen-that is, they are not Chris- missionaries. Over and over again tians.

the prisoners are asked such aues- The associated press man here is lions as, "Did you not confer with the no good. He is under the Japanese.

missionaries about the plot to kill the In fact, nothing goes out but the Governor-General?" "Did not the· authorities have fixt it up to suit missionaries give you pistols and tell themselves. So you doubtless will you to kill so-and-so?" All the mis- see many conflicting reports. Just sionaries' names in Syen Chun and remember one thing: The Korean Pyeng Yang are being involved. Christians in this thing are true, 1Ve are very much afraid that even brave men, and we believe them as tho all the testimony is against the we do ourselves. Pray for them, for charges, yet the Japanese will bring the Church, and for the Japanese.

in hired witnesses later, and accept All this only proves how pitiably the only their testinlony, and condemn Japanese need the Gospel. Poor the Christians as liars, etc. There is people!

no doubt at all but that the whole plot is made up, and there is not a HOW GOOD MEN HINDER CHRIST single Christian of the 50 already ex- Pastors Take Notice amined who' is guilty of anything O against the government. But we all DR Lord stated two propositions in regard to working in the Great comfort ourselves by the thought that God rules, and He will not allow his Campaign. First, "He that is not church to suffer. It all has some against us is for us" and second, "He good purpose in it, and will result that gathereth not with me, scatter- in good. Our hearts ache for the eth." The first militates against a dear Korean prisoners, for all they narrow sectarian spirit that would have suffered. It is perfectly won- disfellowship those who work in the derful how they have come through name and power of Christ but are not it. Many who were weak Christians connected with a certain organiza- have been strtngthened, and all are tion. The second warns against those more consecrated than ever before. who, under the guise of friendship Before the trial began, nine of the and broad liberality, actually sow dis- prisoners were exiled-without trial cord and tares or pull up the grow- -tho the J apallese lawyers confess ing grain, when they pretend to be that that is agaimt the law. The sowing and cultivating good seed. report is out that they were maimed and crippled by the tortures, so they There are various ways in which did not dare bring them up before good men hinder Christ and His work the public. -they misrepresent Him, or dis- courage His workers, or pull back in- Here is a list of the men who have stead of forward in the traces or they been arrested in the present conspir- encourage those who are sowing tares acy case: 5 Presbyterian ministers, nnder the label "wheat." This last pastors of churches; 6 elders; 9 hindrance has recently been experihelpers, in charge of smaller churches; enced in the visit of Abdul Beha to 8 deacons; beside these, 42 baptized America as it was experienced in the

cO'1ling of Swami Vivekananda and happened to dine the other Sunday at a house where there was a young lady others. Withont waiting to examine of unusually good intelligence. The question of Abbas Effendi and his the purity of their characters, the sin- teaching came up, and she insisted that there must be something to him, cerity of their profest beliefs or the or such sane men as Dr. C– would never have let him speak in fruit of their teachings, Christians in- their churches. Of course, she had much more reason to trust Dr. C–'s vite propagandists to their homes and saneness than mine, and so any- thing that I could say was unavailing even Christian Ministers presume to to prove to her that Behaism has nothing whatever to offer to Chrisopen their pulpits for these opponents tianity.

of Christ to proclaim their smooth "But I am sure that the chief harm of such mistaken hospitality is the sounding but insidious doctrines. A effect that it has on the mission field. The Behaists of Persia are everywhere recent letter from an honored mis- proclaiming that there are a mil- lion followers of the Beha in Amersionary explains some of the evils of ica and that they are increasing in this false liberalitv. Rev. Robert M. numbers continually. Last year after Labaree of Persia writes under date Abdul Beha's visit to England and the of July 30, 1912. cordial reception he met with by such men as Canon 'Wilberforce and "I can not tell you how troubled I Reginald Campell, the Behaists in our have been to find in enlightened region immediately began to tell of it America so many people interested and point to it as proof that the West in, and I might almost say fas- was all ready to accept the new faith. cinated with, Abdul Beha and It seemed to me that we missionaries his teaching, and to learn that were receiving a stab in our backs by clergymen of as much poise and those who ought to have been the of as high standing as Dr. C– first to hold lip ollr hands." have been lending him their pUlpits. I wish that I had some way of con- N ow, we would earnestly suggest vincing these good people that Beha- to Christians at home, however enism as preached in America is very lightened and broad they may believe different from the Behaism of Persia; that in the East it is essentially Mo- themselves to be, that they consider hammedan in its emphasis on the ex- well and ask the missionaries before ternals of religion as well as in its they give credence or countenance to standards of morals; and that its talk men and women from the Orient or on love and universal peace and the to any other teachers and disciples Fatherhood of God and brotherhood of new religions. It is particularly of man is largely assumed for West- true that men, to whom has been given ern consumption. The Abdul Beha is the sacred trust of a listening congrean Oriental and like most Orientals, gation and the vantage ground of a he has the chameleon's power of Christian pupil, examine those who changing his color to suit his environ- come, claiming to be shepherds of the ment. ilock, lest they prove to be hirelings or robbers. "But the thing to which I would most like to call the attention of men like Dr. C– and R– C–, is the harm that they are doing in thus entertaining and advertising these wolves in sheeps' clothing. I am sure that they are hurting people here at home where there is now all too much of religious unrest. For example, I

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS JAPAN AND KOREA Many-sidedness of Things Japanese The New Emperor of Japan JAPA N is a country of violent con- trasts. Any statement in regard to T HE result of the death of Emperor the religious life of Japan is at present Ml1tsl1hito of Japan is awaited possible, provided it be not a general with interest. He was a progressive one. The fact is that every stage of ruler and introduced all the modern religious development is possible, from reforms in education, government, fetishism to atheism. The present military organization, etc. His son, religious condition of Japan presents Yoshihito who now becomes Emperor, before our eyes an epitome of the reis an intelligent man of high moral ligious development of the human character and the first Japanese ruler race. Fetishism, Shintoism, Buddhism to be a monogamist. Emperor Yoshi- (with its manifold divisions), Unitarhito, who is only thirty-three years ianism, Deism, Pantheism, Naturalold, has chosen for the motto of his ism, Atheism, Agnosticism, Spiritualreign Taisei (Great Righteousness). ism, Socialism and Anarchy, all re- May God give him wisdom and lead ligions and movements are represented him to faith in the King of kings and here, a grim spectacle of a natiOli's Lord of lords. spiritual struggles. Japan is probably not the greatest mission field in the The Power of Buddhism in Japan vvorld, but it stands to-day the most prosperons country, the most influen- S OME people are inclined to think tial, and greatest leader among the that Japan is becoming enlightened non-Christian nations of the world, a and that Buddhism is losing its power. nation with its consciousness of unity The following description of a great and solidarity highly developed, and Buddhist feast at Kyoto proves clear- withal, possessing a definite national ly that the power of the dark system hope and purpose.-Bishop Lea. is not broken: A million pilgrims, it is said, came to that city for its cele- Manifold ChriS:lian Progress bration, and a special railway depot had to be built for their accommoda- " 0 N March 10, 1872 , the first Christion. A thousand miles away in tian church in Japan was organ- Northern Japan the railway author- ized, with eleven members, by Rev. ities stopt selling tickets to women, James Bellagh, in Yokohama. From because the cars were dangerously the first there was a large proportion overcrowded. Ten thousand people of students among the Christians, and paid over $25 to wear blue robes at this they were enthusiastic in promoting festival; 2,000 paid over $50; 1,000 Christianity. In 1907 the Protestant over $IOO; IOO paid $250, and 120 Christians of Japan numbered 57,830, gave $5,000 each for the privilege of members of various churches. These donning green robes. The chief abbot Christians have been generous, selfwore a $1,500 gown which was worn sacrificing, and fr0111 among them only once. Two thousand priests have come strong native leaders. danced all night around the figure of the founder of the sect. Many pil- "From the beginning medical work grims were crusht to death in the has had a great place in Christian miscrowds, probably purposely sacrificing sionary life. It has advanced the themselves, since they were immedi- cause of Christ greatly; it has stimuately canonized as gods. lated the Japanese to study and prac- tise medical work. Medical science,

government hospitals have advanced sight of one of those prison services, with surprizing rapidity in Japan. with Mr. Sakamoto preaching, against 'vVork among the lepers has been, the background of a Buddhist shrine, more recently, widely and greatly car- guarded by two priests, the official ried on. chaplains of the prison, and with the "Philanthropic work has taken criminals in their red kimonos listen- l1lany forms. Famine in the islands ing intently and even sobbing aloud for has been met by large contributions mercy, was one never to be forgotten.

from the people of the East, and -Missionary Herald.

Japan sent $200,000 to America at A Buddhist Priest Baptized the time of the San Francisco earth- A quake and fire. Orphanages, asylums, MONG those recently baptized at Shimo-Shibuya, a suburb of Tohomes, industrial schools and other humanitarian institutions have been kyo, was a Buddhist priest and his promoted by Christians. 'About one- family. He belonged to one of the half of all regular organized benevo- largest temples in Kyoto, and all his lent institutions of the land' are in the relatives are of pritstly families. hands of the Christians, who com- When he announced his decision to pose about one two hundred and fifti- become a Christian, they expostulated eth part of the entire population." strongly, and at first he wavered.

Transforming a Prison Then his little child became very ill, but in answer to the prayers of some T HE recent death of Rev. N. Saka- of the Christians was wonderfully moto, at Sapporo, in Northern healed, and this thoroughly confirmed Japan, calls fresh attention to a re- his faith, and he wrote to his people markable figure in the Christian his- announcing his final decision. They tory of that empire. In the troublous wrote in reply, excommunicating him times, when Japan was changing her from temple and family. After the government, he was made a political service one morning he related his prisoner. His sympathies were drawn religious experiences, con fest how he upon in behaH of other prisoners, and had wavered and spoke of his repent- when he came under missionary in- ance and his present firm decision.

fluence, he accepted Christianity, and Then he produced the letter he had decided to devote his life to spread- received the day before from the head ing that faith. The way had been of his clan, excommunicating him, prepared for his coming by a Chris- and read it to the congregation who tian governor of the prison, Governor heard it with much joy and thanks- Kuroki. Here were confined prison- giving. Of course, he loses all finan- ers on long-term sentences, many of cial support from the temple.-R£'7J.

them for life, regarded as the worst TV. r. Buncombe.

criminals of Japan; they had been Is Japan a Persecutor? brought together from other prisons A in all parts of the empire, and repre- CABLE message from Korea an- nounces that the trial of the sented the lowest dregs of Japanese life. In this forbidding prison, Saka- Korean Christians accused of con- moto so wrought, that the rnen went spiracy against the Japanese Govern- about their tasks with a new spirit, ment is now in progress. Counsel bearing their punishment and perform- and the presence of a certain number ing their labors with faithfulness, and of missionaries at the trial was even with enthusiasm, their faces granted to the accused. Seven Korean transfigured with joy when they saw Christians were banished without their beloved teacher. trial, and fifty testified that they had Under the administration of this been subjected to torture during their man, hundreds of criminals and scores imprisonment, ana denied the charge of warders became Christians. The of conspiracy. Another cable message

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

stated that, in all, 103 persons were What One Christian- Endured held on charges. Nearly all of them are professing Christians. Count Te- DR. JONES tells the story of a rauchai, the Governor-General, has de- Korean searcher after truth who clared that it is the desire of the gov- came from a distance, spent three ernment to cooperate heartily with days and nights conferring with him the missionaries in their work, and no about Christ, and was finally baptized. suspicion of any complicity of fore- On reaching home he confest his new knowledge on the part of missionaries faith without reserve. The clan of is held by the government. Count which he was the head listened to his Terauchai is reported to have said: story with intense indignation. In "I and my successor will always live view of this opposition he offered to up to the promises and the program resign his position and property to laid down when Japan first assumed anyone they should elect in his stead, the control and government of Korea. but as he was the only heir and in The instructions of the Emperor are the necessary line of ancestor wotthat religion and politics must be kept ship, this was rejected. There was apart. In other words the State and more discussion and rising anger, un- Church form two different branches. til one of the most bitter struck him I:oth, however, tend to the same goal, in the face. At this the fury of the which is the betterment of the peopie, clan broke loose upon him. He was and hath 111Ust cooperate." beaten to the ground, stamped upon and left terribly injured. When Dr. The Prayer-life in Korea Jones heard of it he hurried to his relief and found him suffering from I N an article on mission-work in internal hemorrhages. Being asked Korea, in the International Review about his experience the sick man of Missions, Dr. Heber Jones writes: said: "This is the way my Lord went. "The Korean Church IS distinguished I am glad He has honored me by alfor the power of its prayer-life. The lowing me to follow Him." When individual Christian has not yet be- told by the doctors that he might not come weary of the privilege of prayer, live long he exclaimed: "Then what and has a supreme faith in its value is left of life shall be given my Lord." as a primary method of work in ex- He got a cartful of books, returned tending the Church. Family-prayer to the district where he had been so is a feature in the Christian homes, bitterly hanelled and spent three years and the native Church would be in- in colportage work. At the end of clined to discipline a man who failed that time he was taken with a sudden tu maintain its privilege for the mem- hemorrhage and fell asleep in Jesus. hers uf his hOl1seholcl. It is 110t an Ele~'en churches had been fuunded by l11lusual thing to find men giving him ill tlie hrief millistrv of thrl'C themselves to prayer lasting through- :years! out the night. The official members in local churches spend much time in Leprosy in Korea prayer over their problems. The attendance at the mid-week prayer LEPROSY is practically unknown in services is remarkable, for it is not Northern Korea. Rarely cases are difficult to gather a Korean congregation together for prayer. It is the found north of Seoul. But in the custom in many churches for the en- southern provinces some 30,000 lepers tire congregation, when under deep are thought to live. In the Chulla and feeling, to break _out spontaneously the Kyeng Sang provinces many lepers in audible prayer. These scenes are are begging along the roadside, while never attended with disorder, and in- frequently sufferers from the terrible dicate, not so much an ebulition of disease are living in the same house emotion, as a deep and solemn ex- or even the same room with the other pression of the desire of the heart." members of the family, or are in the midst of the worshipers in Christian

churches, utterly unconscious of the untainted children is also much needed, threatening danger of contamination. these children at present being adopted Thus, the number of lepers in Korea by families in outside homes. But is rapidly increasing, especially among the Mission to Lepers in India and the the poor and middle classes. The most East is lacking the necessary funds to common practise of those who discover open any new work at present.

that the disease has taken hold of How Korean Students Give them, is to burn out with a red-hot T iron, or with some powerful caustic, HE Korean students in Tokyo were lately given an opportunity all spots on the body which have lost sensation. The wounds thus created to contribute toward a building for are seldom treated properly, become their student association. A number inflamed, commence to fester, and fre- of large subscriptions had been se- quently the blood poison reaches the cured beforehand, but before any of bone or destroys life altogether. these could be announced a poor Medical missionaries report that lepers student, who earns his living by cook- in Korea often chop off fingers and ing for a number of other students toes in trying to rid themselves of the attending an Industrial School at disease, which they wrongly think is night, arose and said that he wanted limited to the spots where sensation to help. His SUbscription of yen 4.50 is lacking. made a great impression as the stu- The Mission to Lepers in India and dents knew how very poor the man the East, always ready to come to the was and what a sacrifice it meant.

aid of the missionaries of other so- Subscriptions then began to come in cieties in their labor of love among thick and fast so that the secretaries lepers, has entered the field in South- could with difficulty record them. The ern Korea, and is doing a blest subscriber of the smallest amount, work. The Asylum at Fusan, to our yen 1.50, was acknowledged as having knowledge the only institution of its "given more than they all," like the kind in Korea, has been founded. The poor widow. He was at one time a method of treatment is that of isola- lieutenant in the Korean army, a grad- tion, while at the same time an effort uate of the Military School in Seoul.

is made to lift up the poor sufferer After resigning his commission he and to teach the people the dangers of came to Tokyo, being supported at contagion. Ever since the asylum was tirst by a friend. vVhen this support opened, a constant stream of appli- was cut off, he began to sell milk, cants for admission has been coming wilich occupation he still follows. At to the doors of the missionary in midnight he arises and buys milk for charge, and it has been crowded with morning deliverr. which he starts at pitiful cases of suffering. The asylum 4 A. M. The afternoon he spends has done much good, not only to the studying in his room, while in the minds and bodies of its inmates, but evening he attends night-school. Thus also to the natives in the surrounding he manages to earn from 10 to 12 villages, to whom it has given a prac- yen per month, out of which he has tical example of Christian philan- to meet all his expenditures for food, thropy. clothing, school fees, etc. Knowing Other asylums are urgently needed this, one does not wonder at the re- and an especially touching appeal mark of the Korean secretary, when comes from Kwangj u. There the mis- the SUbscription was announced, "This sionary in charge has equipped two is the largest yet."

small rooms from funds collected in Of the 233 men present at the his own mission station. In these meeting, r67 subscribed, their sub- rooms seven pitiable cases of leprosy scriptions amounting to yen 1,365.

are now being cared for, but 100 beds The majority of these men are very could easily be filled. A home for the poor, yet all gave most liberally.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

CHINA College, of which he is head-master in the Chinese department." "I New Men at the Front HAVE just attended a very in- Training School Opened Near Shanghai teresting ceremony," writes the Rev. S. Evans Meech, of Peking- A SCHOOL for the training of "the foundation-stone laying of the catechists in the district of Shang- new Y. M. C. A. building by the new hai was dedicated on Easter Day by Premier, Tang Shao-yi. The other Bishop Graves of the Protestant speakers were the new men of China. Episcopal Church. It has a most Our pastor, Ch'eng Ching-yi, spoke. satis factory group of buildings ami The chairman was a young man, a begins with a large number of studteacher in the Methodist School. The ents. If the history of the training secretary is a Chinese scholar of the school at Han-kow, founded a num- American Board, educaleO 111 Amer- ber of years ago, is repeated in the ica. Another speaker, who came to Shanghai district, the accommodarepresent the President, Yuan Shih tions will soon be overcrowded by Kai, spoke in fluent English, and is Chinese who desire to teach their own the son of a member of the English people. Episcopal Mission, educated in England; last year he married again and School for the Children of Missionaries Mr. Ch'eng was asked to conduct the service at his house, all the guests in China kneeling in prayer. Again another, who is an Under Secretary of State, pERHAPS the greatest hardship of an out-and-out Christian, was edu- the missionaries' life is the separcated at Yale. The new Minister of Education was also one of the speak- ation of parents and children, when ers. Perhaps the best address was by the latter have reached the age at Dr. C. T. 'Wang, president of the which they must go to school. Many Shanghai Y. M. C. A., educated also societies have tried to make this time at Yale, and now Under Secretary of of separation easier for both parents the Board of Commerce and Agricul- and children by providing special ture; he too is an out-and-out Chris- homes for the children in the hometian man. He pointed to the Bible land. But even the best boardingas the only true foundation of indi- school is not able to take the place of vidual and national life."-London the parental home, and the only right Chronicle. solution of the problem seems to us the establishment of good schools for A Chinese Woman Deacon the missionaries' children in the fields. Therefore we greeted with joy and PROBABLY for the first time in satisfaction the decision of the Con- the historv of the Church of ference of Federated Missions in Christ in Chilla, a woman has been Japan to open a school for foreign appointed deacon of a Congregational children in Tokyo (see MISSIONARY Church. We take the statement from REVIEW, June I9I2, p. 403), and we the Chronicle of the L. M. S. :-"Miss record with gladness the step taken Lem, who is a medical doctor, is now in China. The Missionary Board of one of the deacons of the London the Protestant Episcopal Church in- Missionary Society Chinese church augurated a movement looking toward in Canton. Among the other deacons the establishment of a school for the is Mr. Chung Ving Koung, whom the children of missionaries in China. republican government have just ap- The Presbyterian Board of Foreign pointed director of education for the Missions at once joined in the effort, whole province, being loaned to the and the establishment of the school government by the Canton Christian at Kuling, in the province of Kiang- si, seems assured. It is believed that other missionary boards will join in this effort to prevent that tragedy of

mIssIOnary life-the separation of $320,000 will be required for the three parents and children for long periods. years. Allowing one residence for two unmarried missionaries and one A Significant Sign of the Times for each family, 80 residences would be required. The average cost, in- THIS phrase may well be applied cluding land, grading, wall, heating, to the bulk of the contents of and screening, is $4,000, or $320,000 the June issue of the Chinese Re- for the eighty residences. corder; for there are among the head- ings of the editorials: "The Mission By-products of the Famine in China," "Chinese Churches and the Missions," "Authority of Chinese T HE burdens which Chinese fam- Christians," "Vider Spheres of Mis- ines impose on the missionaries sion Vork," and these are some of are not slight ones. One could wish the contributed articles: "The Func- that at these times of crisis competent tion of Missions in Modern China," business men might be found to volun- "The Basis of Missionary Authority," teer their assistance for some months. "Independence of Chinese Christians," Vhat a help two or three such would "The Part of the Chinese Church in have been to Mr. McCrea, who de- Mission Administration;" all these scribes his labors two years ago in from the pens of prominent mission- the Year Rook of Chinese Missions: aries. Vve have here a plain indica- tion of the fact that the Chinese "As treasurer of our missionary Church may very likely set up for it- committee, I received nearly half a self .at no distant day. million dollars in silver. The corre- spondence connected with my office Emergency Action for China was very heavy and took nearly .1l1 my time. In addition to this money, T HE General Assembly in Louis- the Christian Herald sent our commit- ville in May resolved that, "in tee a cargo of 80,000 fifty-pound bags view of the extraordinary emergency .of fiour." And the Shanghai relief now confronting the Church in China, committee received nearly $r,ooo,ooo, an effort be made to reinforce the which they mostly converted into fooel China missions within the next three in Shanghai and sent up to the misyears by the appointment of roo new sionaries 011 the famine field for dis- missionaries, irrespective of wives, tribution. It is estimated that, altho and the securing of special gifts in probably I,OOO,ooo died, foreign relief excess of the regular budget to cover saved nearly 1,000,000 others from the cost of maintenance, including starvation. Famines leave orphans the new property, and the enlarge- and these have to be cared for. The ment of the work which this rein- Christian 11 eruld has been, since 1908, forcement will involve." Assuming procuring funds for support of or- that 33 of the roo missionaries phans left destitute by the series of . will be single women, that 67 lean years. Two thousand children will be men, of whom about 60 are now being cared for anel educated will be married, this would make in 26 orphanage schools scattered r60 missionaries. The average annual over China. cost, through a series of years, in- cluding salaries, language teachers, INDIA furloughs, other necessary allowances and a part of the enlarged cost of the Bibles by the Million native work which such re-inforce- ments would involve, will be at least T HE Bible in Bengal has several in- $r ,000 each. If one-third of these teresting paragraphs concerning TOo missionaries are on the field the the work of the Bible Society in In- first year, two-thirds the second year dia. We read: "Quite recently ap- and the full number the third year, plication was made on the part of a whole village in Chota Nagpur for entrance into the Christian comrmlll-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

ity. The application is said to have Board of Missions, that the two soits origin in the finding by the road- cieties have been more closely unified side of a page of the Gospel accord- and their work been better organized, ing to St. John in the vernacular. and that, if possible, the efforts of This was read to the villagers by the the missionaries to meet the overchief man of the village with the re- whelming exigencies of the hour have sult that they all agreed to become been more definite, more consecrated, Christians. As a proof of the reality ami more intelligent. of their convictions, and the sincerity of their desire, they at once started to Hinduism Aroused to Action build a small chapel and a house for a catechist."-Since the reorganiza- A MISSIONARY in Allahabad tion of the various Indian and Ceylon tells in the C. M. S. Gazette of Auxiliaries in I906, the circulation of a conference of leading Hindus, to the Scriptures has risen very appre- consider what steps should be taken ciably, while the expenditure has re- to prevent people going over to mained very much what it was six Islam or to Christianity. This conyears ago. In I9I I the total circula- ference was the first of its kind' in tion effected by the B. F. B. S. agen- Indian or in Hindu history. It was cies in India, Burma, and Ceylon called a "Ghuddi" (purification) numbered I,009,008 copies as com- conference; and its object was to pared with 570,620 copies distributed consider the admission of non-Hindus in I90I. This is the first time that and of the outcastes to Hinduism, the Scriptures sold through the Bible and the readmission of repentant con- Society's depots in these three coun- verts. The most amazing thing is tries have exceeded I,OOO,OOO copies the new-born desire to lift the outin the year. The figures, large, as castes, numbering 60,000,000 in Inthey are, take no account of the Scrip- dia, lest they should be driven into tures sold by the Baptist Missionary the fold of Christianity or Islam. Societies in their own fields, or of the Scriptures privately imported, or sent The first two resolutions adopted out by societies and business firms in by this conference are: "That in Europe and America.-Indian Wit- the opinion of this conference it is ness. necessary and desirable: ( I) That the deprest classes throughout India India Convention of Disciples' be raised socially, spiritually, mentally and morally, and that steps be taken Missionat"ies for the achievement of this end.

T HE annual convention of the In- "( 2) To admit to the fold of Hin- dia missionaries of the Disciples duism those who desire it, after the of Christ was held in J1.lbb1.llpore, a perfol'mance of prayas-chitta (pentown in the Central Provinces, from ance, including the eating and drink- March 7 to 12. Over fifty mission- ing of the five products of the cow), aries were in attendance and the and Homa." meetings were marked by a spirit of harmony and earnestness. The gen- W omen Doctors in India eral theme discust was "Evangelism," and the addresses were encouraging T HERE are 150 ,000,000 of women and inspired the hearers to be yet in India, and the majority of more persistent and insistent in these, by reason of their moral and repreaching Christ and Him crucified. ligious teaching, can not attend a hos- The reports showed that the past year pital staffed by men. The high-caste i~8S been a year of great intensive purdah or veiled woman would rather progress in the work of both societies, endure real suffering and face certain the Foreign Christian Missionary So- death, while all Indian women, whatciety and the Christian Woman's ever their caste, instinctively shrink from men doctors. Vhen one reflects l1pon the mass of maternity work, and the vast number of cases of women's

diseases which follow on unattended of all the sects in the city, Greek Cachild-birth, it is not difficult to realize tholics, Orthodox, Roman Catholics, that the present provision of medical , rmenians, .l Iaronites, Syrians, Prorelief for Indian women is absolutely testants, Moslems, Druses, and Jews. inadequate. There is urgent need for It seems that all, except the Jewish a continual and large supply of medi- rabbi, came. No wine was served, cally-trained women for our Indian out of deference to the Moslem repre- Empire. There is work for many sentatives (it was stated). The spirit thousands of women doctors in India, of the invitation to "get together," and there are approximately only 400 sank all differences so far as possible, of them at the present time.-Dr. and a respect for each other's opinion, Chesson in the Zenana. prevailed at the gathering, which must be called "remarkable" indeed. From Hea.then to Christian Difficulties in Kurdistan BISHOP WARNE, of the Method- ist Episcopal Church, says that S OME time ago (MISSIONARY REhe has recently received word from VIEW, June 1912, p. 470), we India that during one month 34g mentioned that American Lutherans heathen altars were torn down, 6,000 have commenced work among the non-Christians turned to Christ ane! Kurds in Sautschbulak, Persia. The received baptism, and more than 10,- missionaries, one an ordained minis- 000 profest conversion. ter, the other a physician, sent out by the Inter-Synodical Evangelical Luth- The Plague in Siam ' eran Orient-Mission, reached Sautsch- bulak in the fall of 1911. At first REV. HOWARD CAMPBELL they were eagerly welcomed and the writes that malignant malaria ministrations of the physician were continues and spreads with no sign of highly esteemed. Then the Russian troops entered Persia, and the coming abatement. "The number of deaths of the American missionaries and the occupation of their country by the from both malaria and smallpox is soldiers of the Czar were somehow connected by the Kurds and much tremendous. The cemeteries are en- excitement and opposition ensued. Finally, Pastor Fossum, the missiontirely inadequate, and in places, preci- ary, hung a little bell in front of their abode, that its sounds might call the ous rice land is transformed into children to the missionary school throughout the week and invite the cemeteries. Among missirmary serv- Christians to the service of God on the Lord's Day. Fanatical Mohamants four deaths occurred recently. medans declared at once that the ring- ing of this bell was an insult to 1s- The people are becoming Christians lam, because it was intended to invite also the followers of the prophet to almost daily. This rate could be great- a Christian service, Pastor Fossum paid no attention to this declaration Iy accelerated if we had a few more and the bell was regularly rung, when one morning an open outbreak 0<:- dollars to send a few more with medi- curred. About roo sons of the pro- phet, i. e., pupils of a training-school cine and the Gospel message. We for Mohammedan priests, banded tohave many more good, effective na- gether and marched against the home of the missionaries, which they threattive medical evangelists who ought to ened to destroy_ The missionaries, be employed. Of the r,300 who have become Christians, more than 700 are in the district of which I have over- sight. So I speak from a definite knowledge of the situation. With more funds the number can be multi- plied many times, and these Christians are very stedfast."

MOSLEM LANDS A Remarkahle Dinner A FEW months ago the Greek Patriarch of Antioch visited Beirnt, and during his visit he gave a dinner to which he invited the heacIs

I9 12J WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

forewarned by fnends, appealed to the language, including thirteen organized Persian Governor and to the Turkish churches, with a membership of over Consul for protection, and some sol- I,300, ane! 2,250 in the Sabbath- diers were sent to the home just be- schools. This foreign constituency fore the mob arrived. It had in- creased to more than 200 fierce-look- contributed approaching $9,000 toward ing, wild men, who marched behind a Mohammedan flag to the beating of maintenance last year. The work in a big drum. The mob was well armed New York is especially developed with sticks, and guns, and revolvers. among the Italian communities, eight The house was quickly surrounded, churches being included. N ew York but the presence of the soldiers kept has also the largest Bohemian Sabthem back from an immediate attack. bath-school in the country, with an Then the Turkish Consul ordered enrolment of over 800. The Presbythem to move on, and when they did tery of Pittsburgh has an especially not obey, he and his few soldier~ well-developed work among the Slavic drove away the mob, using their sticks peoples, reporting eleven churches freely. Since then peace has pre- and missions, with a membership of vailed, and the bell continues to ring 390, and 660 in the Sabbath-schools. one-half hour before the services on Philadelphia has the leading Italian the Lord's Day. The work is hin- Presbyterian church in the country, dered somewhat by the fact that the reporting a membership of 490 with Kurdish language is very little estab- 400 in the Sabbath-schools. Chicago lished orthographically, and absolute- has nine centers, employing a foreign ly undeveloped along pulpit and ec- language, including four Italian, two clesiastical lines. No Christian hymns Bohemian, French, Chinese and Perand no cathechism have been trans- sian, under a most efficient Church lated into Kurdish, so that the mis- Extension Committee." sionaries must at once develop the language for the purposes of transla- To Make Citizens of Immigrants tion. O NE of the chief difficulties in Some wealthy Kurds in the villages making useful citizens of our around Sautschbulak seem to be very foreign population has been their undesirous to have missionary schools familiarity with our language. If established and have donated pieces they learn enough English to get of ground or even buildings for work and do their needful marketschools and dispensaries, and in the ing, many of them are content and city itself a young Kurd has presentee! indeed don't know how to go further. the Mission with a piece of ground, Preaching, public speaking, the direcabout half an acre, in the western tions of police or transportation ofpart. The Sunday-school, the Young ficers is all gibberish to them, and Men's Class, and the Primary School, when the officials resort to gestures in Santschbulak, are doing encourag- of force their bewilderment is only ing work, and a native pastor has increased. The Y. M. C. A. have been secured for evangelistic work. seen a chance right here to serve both the immigrant and the nation. AMERICA-UNITED STATES In Worcester, Mass., through the in- fluence of the Y. M. C. A. secretary, Presbyterian Work Among Foreigners a class of 43 Lithuanians are study- ing English, and classes for Italians REV. WILLIAM P. SHRIVER, and Greeks are forming. A manu- of the Home Board, makes the facturing company in Cleveland following summary of Presbyterian fot1nd among its foreign employees work among foreigners: "The most J60 men and 56 women who wanted extended local work is carried on in to learn English. The firm found 9 the Presbytery of New York, with young men on its office staff to do sixteen centers employing a foreign the teaching under the supervision of

the educational secretary of the Y. A Shining Example M. C. A. GRACE EPISCOPAL CHURCH, The Host of Foreign-born New York City, had an inCome last year of $242,000; and of this T HE latest statistics show that there large sum $S6,000 were expended for are 93,359 Japanese in the United the maintenance of the church itself, States, 56,760 of this number being ill and all the rest went to help other California. There are 2,514 Japanese people on the East Side to better the Christians in this State, or a little equipment of many charities in the over four per cent. San Francisco city, or to aid missions in the West has 6,988 Japanese residents; and of and in foreign fields. these 640 are members of Christian churches. Almost the same figures Substantial Aid for Foreign Missionaries might be used for Seattle and Los Angeles, showing that nearly ten per BOTH the Young Men's Christian cent. of the Japanese in the large Association and the Young Womcities have accepted our religion. This en's Christian Association have enis not a bad showing, when we re- larged their foreign departments, and member that in Japan only one-half promise increasing prominence and of one per cent. of the population are efficiency in foreign mi~sion work. connected with Christian churches. The Y. M. C. A. reports an increase About one-half of the work for these of $2,000,000 for its foreign work, people on the Pacific slope is under making possible 60 new buildings in the care of the Methodist denomina- the foreign fields. It added 30 to its tion, one-fourth is Presbyterian, and foreign force of secretaries, making the remaining fourth is Congregation- in alJ 140 secretaries in 17 countries. al, Episcopal, Baptist, etc. The Y. W. C. A. has sent three new secretaries to China from the United The Mission Year in the Churches States.

T HE Presbyterian Board of For- Activity of Mormon Missionaries eign Missions closes its seventyfifth vear of work with receipts for I Na recent address Rev. John D. the y~ar of $1,950,000, exclusive of Nutting, the well-known mission- $750,000 withdrawn last year and ary to the Mormons, declared that 800 used from the Kennedy legacies. This Mormon missionaries are working in year's legacies are $70,000 in excess this country, and 1,200 in other lands, of last year. Presbyterian women about 1,000 new missionaries being this year increased their gifts to for- sent out yearly, and each missionary eign missions from $400,000 to $600,- working for two years. Two or three 000. The Presbyterian Board of converts, on the average, are made by Home Missions received during the each missionary yearly-four or five year ending March 31st, $1,800,000. thousand converts annually through- This large sum is due partly to a out the world. These Mormon mislegacy income of $300,000. The sionaries do not preach Mormonism board's budget has been raised $J00,- as it really is. 000 for next year. The Baptist Home Society has increased its receipts very Presbyterian Church South little, and indeed has fallen $40,000 into debt because of large necessary T HE executive committee of forexpenditures. The Methodists are eign missions reports to the Genpreparing their regular quadrennial eral Assembly this year that there are report for the General Conference at 23 I foreign missionaries. Of these Minneapolis, and find that during the 74 are ordained men; 10 men (not past four years the foreign work has physicians) are unordained; there received $S,6S8,28r. are 18 physicians; there are 60 single WOl11en missionaries, and 86 wives of missionaries. In addition to this force of missionaries there are 786 native

rYI2 ] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 71

helpers. Communicants are reported confined to that part which lies beas follows: in A £rica, 8,386; in Bra- tween Makovik and Killinek, between zil, 3,683; in China, 1,921; in Cuba, la~itude 55 degrees and 60 degrees 30 506; in Japan, 2,143; in Korea, 7,- J11mutes north. In that area there are 155; in Mexico, 927; total communi- now fewer than 1,300 people, prac- cants, 24,721. During the last year tically all that remain of the Labrador there were added on profession of branch of the Innuit race. They are faith in Christ, in Africa, 6rS; in all professing Christians, and live Brazil, 340; in China, 198; in Cuba, such orderly, quiet, and regular lives, 53; in Japan, 259; in Korea, 1,900; that there is no policeman or even a in Mexico, 78; total on confession, resident justice of the peace in their country. 3443· Two Centuries of Eskimo Mission. ARecent Wrongs to American Indians NUMBER of instances where W HAT has been accomplished the rights of Indians are being toward civilizing and Christianignored by white men have come to izing these benighted creatures? The light recently. The Pimas have been wild clans of two centuries ago have reduced to a distressing condition become a respected, civilized, homothrough the loss of water for irriga- geneous people. They are better fed, tion. White settlers drew off the clothed, and housed by far than when water from the Gila River, and the the missionaries visited them. They Indians were left without crops and have been instructed in many of the hope, in misery. The Navahoes, who crafts and have been furnished with number 30,000 in Arizona and New better tools and appliances for hunt- Mexico, .are threatened by the covet- ing, fishing, boat building, and house ousness of white men who are look- building. And more, many of them ing with longing eyes upon some of are educated, while a large proportion their lands, especially the timbered of the Eskimos of Greenland, Labralands, and are trying to get posses- dor, and Alaska have become Chrission of them by trickery. The Chip- tianized and are prosperous. In conpewas, already extensively deprived trast with their early history, they are of their lands by colossal frauds and d~scribed as being peaceable, cheerful, sadly reduced by the ravages of tuber- truthful, and honest. They have culosis and trachoma, deserve the pity proved almost indispensable assistants and the aid of all good citizens. True- to Arctic explorers. ly the white man in America does not seem very just toward the aborigines SPANISH AMERICA of the country! Gospel Work in Hayti I The Eskimos of Labrador T is suggested by Dr. S. K. Hut- T HE most prosperous work in ton, who spent several years in Hayti is that of Mr. L'Herris- Labrador, that the progenitors of the son, a Baptist pastor at Jacmel. He Eskimos of that region came from has established many little schools in Siberia, and that they are physically the mountains where the people are allied to the Mongols of Asia. So learning to read in the Bible. Mr. far as is known, they are the aborig- L'Herisson's conversion was as strikinal owners of the Labrador coast, ing as that of those we have instanced. and their territory extends inland He was an artist by profession but more than a hundred miles. Two hun- driven out of Hayti because of pardred years ago they occupied the ticipation in revolutionary movements. whole length of the coast from north Thinking to attempt a portrait of to south, about 600 miles, and their Christ .after the manner of the Old numbers were greater. Now they are Masters, he secured a Bible-a Book which, up to that time, he had never seen-and started to study the person-

ality of his Subject. "I never com- work of church erection has been car- pleted the picture," he says, "the read- ried, and most of the older congrega- ing of that Bible was the means of tions have their houses of worship. my conversion and then the Subject Several churches, at Natal and Ceara, was too sacred to be put on canvas." are entirely self-supporting. In 19IO So he is reproducing Christ in con- our Church sent its first missionary verted personalities. to Portugal. Last year our seminary, which has 3 professors, reported Tons of Bibles for South America 12 young men in training for the min- istry." S EVEN tons of Bibles, and none of them printed in English, was What a Testament Did for a Soldier the shipment record of the Amencan Bible Society recently. They went A BIBLE colporteur in Argentina from the Bible House in Astor Place tells of a soldier into whose hands and were destined for South America. there came, by chance, a copy of the They were in Spanish and Portuguese, New Testament. Reading it he was with some in the Indian and other converted, and became very active in dialects. The Bible Society is getting leading others to Christ. One of these ready for work among the sailors who friends was later taken to a hospital will pass through the Panama Canal. and happened, during his convales- It is said that 1,500 new ships are cence, to be studying his Testament building in Europe for the canal traf- with great interest, when it was sudfic. The society is already at work denly snatched from him by a clericalin Panama and the zone, but will en- ly minded attendant and thrown out large its work to cover the ships and of the window. As it fell it struck a their men as soon as the canal opens. passing soldier on his shoulder. He Through the canal it also plans to do stooped and picked it from the pavelarger Bible work on the west coast. ment,. started reading it, became in- The society has now completed the terested, took it to his home and ultitranslation of books of the New Tes- mately became a useful Christian as tament for the 1,500,000 Quechua In- a consequence. dians of Peru and Bolivia.-Lutheran Observer. EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN Ptesby.tetianism Making Gains Salvation Army to Date REV. w. C. PORTER writes to ABOUT 1,000 letters are received the Christian 0 bserver: "In spite every day at the headquarters of of the difficulties our work has had to the Salvation Army. Some are percontend with, I think Brazil has noth- sonal, but most are war despatches ing to be ashamed of. Our General from alI parts of the Army's far-fiung Assembly, which is composed of 8 battle line. It is not generally real- Presbyteries and 2 Synods, reports ized that the Army is an important about I2,000 church-members. We foreign missionary society as well as have at present 57 ministers of the a preaching corps and a powerful Gospel, some having been translated force in social service at home. In to the Church triumphant. The theo- "Letters to the Centre," the annual logical seminary at Campinas has its report of the work other than the soown buildings and is out of debt. cial work, this world-wide aspect ap- Realizing, as we do, the limited means pears in strong relief. Thus we find, at our command, all the Presbyteries in a glance over the pages, letters deare making an extreme effort to ex- scribing an Army colonel's preaching tend the work and, at the same time, tour into the heart of Korea; ansupport the pastors. Last year more nouncing that 10,000 leaflets have been than one Presbytery more than uou- distributed among Japanese "white bled its contributions. An extensive slaves," pointing out the Army's homes as a way of escape-leaflets

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

which the slave owners are frantical- other the annual meeting of the Misly buying up at a high price; describ- sion, to celebrate its fortieth annivering an officer's cheerfully lonely life sary. The new building is situated in among Alaska Indians; announcing the Rue Pierre Levee, close to the the dedication of a converted devil- great artery of Eastern Paris, the dancer's child in a converted heathen Avenue de la RepubJique, and contemple in India; recording the saving tains two halls for general meetings, of ro5 fishing boats in the North Sea classrooms, rooms for boys' and girls' during the year by the Army life- guilds" playground, gymnasium, roofboat, "Catharine Booth," and others garden, and rooms for the evangelist from South America, Java, Holland, -the total cost, with the freehold site, New York, etc. being £20,000. A large number from America were present, with many Prosperity Returning from England and Scotland, as well as representatives from all the Protest- F OR some years the Church Mis- ant churches. A pleasing feature in sionary Society, representing the these meetings was the beautiful sing- by the mission choir. evangelicals in the Established church, German Seamen'. Mi.sion and ranking as one of the two largest T HE German Seamen's Mission missionary societies in the world, has has work in 186 harbors. Fifty- three of these are chief stations with seemed to be on the losing side. Its 21 pastors, 45 house-fathers or dea- cons, and 21 assistants. There are income fell off and discouragement 28 Seamen's Homes (10 in Germany) which lodge 12,000 men 95,000 nights. obtained all along the line. This May, Thirty-four thousand visits to ships were made in the past year, one-third however, receipts are shown to have of them to sick sailors. Fifty-five thousand seamen have found employpulled up again to an even $2,000,000, ment through its labor bureau, and 9°0,000 marks were entrusted to the the largest in the famous society's mission banks by seamen for safe- keeping or transmission home. history. A debt of only about $40,- Advance in Finland 000 remains over from the years of T HE Y. M. C. A. in Finland has depression. . had a wonderful experience. The }l,fonthly News Circular tells how a Church of England Men's Society and well-known preacher, Albert Lunde, of Christiania, delivered religious ad- Missions dresses and lectures in the He1sing- fors Y. M. C. A. during three weeks T H~ Church of England Men's ~o­ in February and March. "The result Clety has 4,000 branches WIth exceeded all expectation. The 100,000 members in various parts of churches, the largest of which seats the British Empire. Some of these 5,000 persons, were always crowded. branches are supporting candidates Every second evening a meeting for for the ministry in training colleges. men was held in the association prem- Many others are taking up the sys- ises, which was regularly attended by tematic study of missions and are from 600 to 700 men. A strong rehelping to increase the general inter- ligious movement arose; a great many est in missions. Captain T. F. Wat- people of all ranks, both young and son, who has been instrumental in old, underwent a religious awakening, starting the forward movement, has now become the General Secretary of the National Laymen's Missionary Movement in England (see MISSION- ARY REVIEW, 1912, May, p. 323).

THE CONTINENT McAII Mission Anniversary T WO deeply interesting meetings were held in Paris on Sunday, June 30, in connection with the McAll Mission, the one to inaugurate a new building generously provided by the American McAlI Association; and the

renounced the life of sin and confest National Missionary Conference in Christ. The association received a considerable increase of new members Sweden and a new stream of life permeates it. Bible study especially has received IT is proposed to hold a great Sweda new impulse." ish National Missionary Confer- ence in September 1912. All mission- Missionary Union for Southeast Europe ary societies of the country are to be invited to send delegates numbering T HE Missionary Union for South 75 per cent. of their missionaries, so East Europe to whose' work that more than 200 official delegates among the members of the great would be in attendance. The ques- Slavic family we referred some time tions to be discust will be chiefly techago (see MISSIONARY REVIEW, I9Il, nical, while at the public meetings ad- March, p. 162), has published a state- dresses similar to those at the Edinment concerning its workers and its burgh World Missionary Conference work which clearly reveals the steady will be delivered. Great public gathprogress of its efforts. The Mission- erings are being planned for the purary Training School at Hausdorf, in pose of stirring up the general mis- Silesia, is the center of the work of sionary zeal, and an exposition of the union. Its workers are divided missionary books, photographs, curios, in a peculiar manner into two classes, etc., is to be held. Thus the conferviz.: those who stand in a close rela- ence will aid the cause of missions in tion and those who stand in a loose Sweden, it is expected, and aid in the relation to the union. The former are closer cooperation of all missionary actually employed by the union and societies of the land. their salaries are paid by it either entirely or in part. The union is re- The Jew·Hate in South Russia sponsible for their work and has the right to move or to remove them. A CORRESPONDENT, writing The latter are graduates of the Mis- from St. Petersburg, relates in sionary Training School and conse- the Daily Chronicle an incident in crated by the union to the work, but connection with the expulsion of for whom the union has no direct re- Jews from South Russia. From one sponsibility. Of these two classes the village a respectable Jewish merchant was expelled, in spite of the fact that union now employs 3S (28 men and all the peasants interceded on his be- half, declaring him to be a useful 7 women) in Southeastern Europe. member of the community. When Besides these there are IO laborers the wife appealed to the governor, be- seeching him to revoke his order, the (9 men and 1 woman) who work in governor gave the following answer: close cooperation with the union, but "Please don't cry! Jewish tears only are not in .any way under its control. gladden my heart. It will not help." Of these 4S laborers, 16 are in. Rus- The woman implored him to rescind sia, 7 in Galicia, I in Austrian Sllesia, the order of expulsion on account of the illness of her children. To this 2 in Bohemia and Moravia, S in Hun- supplication the governor replied: "What do your children concern me? gary, 1 in Slavonia, 2 in Bosnia, 2 in You can bury them all, but don't dis- Rumania, and 9 in Eastern Germany. turb me. And now, out with you, or The languages used by these workers you will be removed by force." are German, Slovac, Czeck, Ruthenian, Magyar, Lettish, and Yiddish. Real Gains in Turkey The union is planning to do a more extensive work among the Gypsies, I N Turkey it is not yet four years as soon as a suitable worker can be since the constitution was prosecured. It is already publishing a claimed, and almost everybody has special paper for work among Gipsies, been disappointed, because almost called "Der Zigeunerfreund," beside its own quarterly organ.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

everybody expected too much offhand. medical work we have, in spite of Still, there is freedom of thought, tho antagonism and prejudice, come into there was none under the Hamidian contact with a larger number of Mosregime. There is freedom of speech, lem men and women, and more reguas witness the innumerable political larly, than we have ever succeeded in and other clubs. I listened the other doing before. The pill and the evening to an address more than three draught, the lotion and the ointment, hours' long given by one of the can- the eye-drop and the bandage, the didates for Parliament, in which the careful treatment, the friendly advice questions of the day were discust and the kindly word have been, and from the standpoint of the Young are, far more potent as attracting Turks. A big placard announcing agents than any others we know. "N0 Smoking," and a crowded audi- These things are easily appreciated by ence sitting, not on the floor, but on them, and because so appreciated they the benches of a Turkish school, were win for us among those who gather signs of progress. There is freedom an increasingly attentive hearing to of the press. If this is not complete, our message, and in the villages from yet where five per cent. becomes 55, whence they come an increasingly and for wise men 95, there need be cordial welcome." no complaint. There is freedom of travel, and only those who have been Netherlands Society in Egypt tied with a short tether can fully realize how much this means. It may be A MONG the Protestant societies at carried to excess, as where a village work in Egypt, perhaps the least of 100 houses near the border is said known is the Netherlands Society for to have lost 100 young men who have the Propagation of the Gospel in crossed into Russia in order to escape Egypt. Its work, commenced in military service. There is equality of r886, is somewhat circumscribed on military service for Christians as for account of its small income of less Mohammedans. than $3,OOD (in I9I I), but it is pros- perous. Its two stations are Calioub AFRICA and Barrage, both a few miles north of Cairo, the former on the eastern, Things Possible in the Dark Continent! the latter on the western side of the Nile. In both places prosperous mis- I N Africa there is a church with 800 sionary schools are being kept, but in members, that less than five years Calioub the Copts and in Barrage the ago had never heard of Christ, but Mohammedans, both recognizing the which to-day is supporting 123 mis- valuable work of the Protestant sionaries to other African tribes. One schools, are now opening schools of other church with 300 members, to their own. Free dispensary work is whom less than three years ago the being undertaken, while the evanname of Jesus had never been spoken, gelistic work, tho meeting with many is supporting 5I missionaries!!! difficulties and disappointments, con- tinues to bring forth fruit. The so- Moslems Touched by Medical Mi••ions ciety is on very friendly terms with the American United Presbyterians. MR. W. T. FAIRMAN, writing in North Africa, on attracting Mos- Hearers by the Thousand lems to an interest in the Gospel message, says: "It would appear from T HIS item and the three which folthe Gospel narratives that the greater low it are from the pen of W. C. crowds which our Lord gathered Johnston, of Elat, West Africa, in the around Him to listen to His sublime IIerald and Presbyter,' teaching were gathered by reason of the gracious works of healing He "I told the people a week or two wrought in their midst. This has ago that last Sabbath I would preach been onr experience. By our simple to the men, and that I would be dis-

appointed if there were not about 300 is something rather unusual nowadays, as the Bulu have lost their old-time men out. We had soon filled the re- hospitality."

served seats and we began moving the women back, until by the time Sab- "T Problems in School Work HE girls' school has been somebath-school was over there were over 800 men seated in front of the church. thing of a problem ahlle,re~aarsritehde are all, or nearly This did not count the young men or gir~s boys. But the great part of them whIle they are quite young, and it is were old or middle-aged men. I asked hard to find girls the right age to come at the close of the service that those to school, who are free to come. The who were government headmen would husbands do not want them to come hold up their hands, and there were which is very natural on their part: over. 50 hands went up. I had all the The outcome of the matter has been leadmg men of the community out. that women have run off from their But women are such curious creatures. husbands and come to school. There I had said nothing about their com- ~re 43 girls in the girls' house attend- ing to church that day. But, what do mg school, and 30 of them are mar- you think? there were over ~2 e0n00anodf ried. Three of them have babies in them there.. With the young arms, and one of them has two grandboys the audIence was 4.436 at the time children with her in the dormitory. I began preaching, and the people But the grandmother is, perhaps, the were still coming. There were over most industrious pupil among the 4,500 out last Sabbath. This was not girls. It is not ideal. But I am looka congregation gathered from all over ing for better things next term. I t~e count~y, but was a local congrega- have refused to accept a good many tion; ThIS was new to me, for the big of the runaways that come asking to audIences have heretofore been made be taken into the school, but of those up, to a large extent, from women that I have accepted, I have not had from a distance. to turn any over to their husbands "I A Great Man Present when they came for them. I have had HAD the biggest man in this country on the front seat. He is t? do a great deal of talking somehead and shoulders above any other rna?, in wealth and influence.. In fact, tImes to get the husband persuaded he IS the Andrew Carnegie of the Bulu that he had best leave the wife in country. He is a self-made man. His fat~er left him nothing, and I suppose ~chool, and one or two have gone away he IS worth to-day $30,000 or $40,000, III rather bad humor, but I have won and probably much more. That is a grea~ deal in this country, where food out each time. The boys' school is a~d labor are so cheap. He has 178 wIves and some 70 children. One of quite large. Only 190 in the boardinghis wives is in the girls' school here at Erat. She ran off and came to school. school, but there are a great many He sent to me to send her home. I boarding with their friends and atsent word back to him not to be uneasy about her, that she was all right, and tending schohol. There are 873 in the that I would go over and see him about it some day. I went over one boys' school. Counting the school for af!ernoon, and we talked about everythmg else and he did not mention his evangelists, in which there are 44 ~ife who was in school, and I didn't, eIther. But he was very friendly and young men, and the apprentices in the gave me a sheep when I left, which industrial classes, there are under in- struction here at Elat more than I 000 pupils." , "T Inquirers by the Hundred HERE is a religious influence among the Bulu that has been cC?ntinuous now for a couple of years. Smce I came to Elat about six weeks ago, I have enrolled more than 500 inquirers. That is, of those who have come to me saying they want to be

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Christians, more than 500 ha>:e been 50 chiefs, several cannibal tribes, 200 willing to straighten out theIr past ;'i11ages. Treated 400 patients; met offenses to such an extent that we be- llelgian authorities in Bruxelles; fine lieved them in earnest, and have mission concession granted, several placed them on the roll as catechu- acres free, among Batetalas, a great mens. The very great majority of tribe of warriors from Lualaba rethese have been women. But, while . gion, on backbone of continent, exthe men are harder to reach, and have plored by David Livingstone. Chief much to sacrifice in becoming Chris- urges our coming and anxiously awaits decision. God has led us. tians, I believe they are coming." Gilbert and I have pioneered the Cheering News from the Kongo way, who will follow?"

I T will be remembered that the n;is- SOUTH AFRICA sionaries of the Presbytenan Church, South, in the Kongo, were Professor Beach in South Afric", somewhat anxious because the Church L ETTERS from Prof. Harlan P. seemed to fail to send out reenforce- Beach, who sailed in January for ments to them.* One of their num- a seven months' missionary tour of ber, Rev. Motte Martin, was sent Africa, bring news that he has alhome with a special appeal for more ready reached Salisbury, in Rhodesia, workers, while all the Christians on and has started on his way toward the Kongo pledged themselves to ob- Capetown. His visit to Uganda serve days of fasting and prayer to he describes as "inspiring." The obtain the blessing of God. The people have the reputation of being prayers of these believers were an- the politest in the Dark Continent, swered in the remarkable scene at and Professor Beach regards them as the Chattanooga Laymen's Conven- the most attractive Africans that he tion in February, when 29 volunteers has seen. He had an interestin~ signified their willingness to give interview with young King Daudl, their lives to mission work in Africa. an earnest Christian, who succeeds his murderous father and grand- The first definite report since the father. At the palace the king showed missionaries of the Kongo Mission Professor Beach an aeroplane driven heard of the answer to their prayers by a battery, which was largely the has come in the form of "An work of his own hands. The inci- Open Letter to the Church." Already dent is typical of the rapid changes the missionaries are making extensive which have taken place in that region preparations for enlarging the work. into which Stanley penetrated only A site for a new station at Lusambo 35 years ago, and where now the has been selected, and arrangements Uganda Church numbers more than for its purchase have been made, tho 100,000 members.-Congregationalist. the Roman Catholics have been trying to block the step. Lusambo is a Not Talk But the Book strategic poin.t with a large .na~ive popUlation friendly to the mIssIon- W E once had a kitchen-boy who aries. The work in general is 111 a seemed a hopeless barbarian most encouraging condition. and dunce. We tried to teach him A Bishop's Strenuous Tour for many months; and he learned the alphabet, but it was impossible BISHOP LAMBRETH, of the for him to put two letters together Methodist Episcopal Church, to make a syllable or word. We South, sent this cablegram to the never dreamed that Chebe was get- Nashville Advocate on June 20th: ting near to the Kingdom. After we left the country Chebe was employed "Just out of Africa. Traveled ?,?OO by another missionary, whose wife miles in Kongo, 1,800 on foot. VISIted 'See MISSIONARY REVIEW. 1912, February, p. 147. discovered him one day seated on the

ground, looking very disconsolate. (0 purely local work and ignoring of "What is the matter?" she asked. "I (he claims of the great world outside, ;:1m very sad, missis," he said, "be- the same selfishness which is often cause I can not read." "Why do found in family life, where every exyou want to read?" "I want to read pedient, lawful or otherwise, is often to my people about Jesus." "But adopted to prevent the family wealth why can not you tell them about going outside the immediate circle of Him?" she asked. "I have; but they blood relations. It is unnecessary to will not listen to me, but they would say that this spirit is the very antido so if I read the words from the thesis of Christianity. And until it Book." is exorcised it must be ill with the churches that yield themselves to it." Revival in Madagascar -Indian Methodist Times.

T HE Norwegian Missionary So- OBITUARY ciety has had a prosperous work among the Hovas and Sakalavas of Griffith John, of China Madagascar since 1866 (resp. 1874) and on the southern coast since 1888. O NE of the makers of New China, Its missionaries have also tried to a veteran missionary of half a reach the people of the interior, espe- century of service in "The Middle cially the forest dwellers, the Tanala, Kingdom," passed away in London on but with indifferent success. Now July 25. Dr. John was one of the comes the report that a great revival first missionaries to go into the interhas broken out among the Tanala. ior of China. He went out in 1855 The churches are packed and crowds and five years later left Shanghai and of inquirers are asking for baptism. traveled up the Yangste valley to In one village 171 became catechu- Nanking and then to Han-kow where mens, among them the village chief. he labored for nearly 50 y~ars. The Led by him, they destroyed the great story of his life and work has already wooden altar, upon which they and been given in the MISSIONARY REVIEW. their father and forefathers had sacrificed to idols. They made a great Dr. John was born in Wales in 1831 bonfire of it and threw into it their and began to preach in Congregational idols and their magical apparatus. churches at" the age of 14. He was While the fire burned they sang hymns 24 when commissioned for his misof thanksgiving. Similar scenes have sionary life work by the London Misbeen enacted in many villages. sionary Society. In 1906, as noted, he gave up his work at Han-kow on ac- MISCELLANEOUS count of his advanced age and there- after lived for two years at Yonkers, Narrowness and Indifference N. Y., where a son of his stilI resides. Dr. John's second wife was an Amer- I T must be admitted that there is an ican lady. The aged missionary re- amazing supineness, if not indiffer- turned to China for a few years, but ence, in many circles professedly Chris- a few months ago was obliged to go tian; a narrow outlook which causes to London. In statesmanlike underpeople to give lavishly to some local standing of the mission problem in effort, often unnecessary, and to ig- China and in aggressive and construcnore the claims of that great world tive generalship, Dr. John unquestionenterprise which Christ entrusted to ably must stand in the first rank of His followers. This lack of a sense the greatest men whom the church has of proportion is largely the cause of sent into the Orient. To these large the poor, and in some cases miser- qualities he added the charm of a sinable, response, made to the mission- gularly meek and lovable personal ary appeal. There is in this devotion spirit. AND MISSION LANDS CHINA'S NEW DAY. By Isaac Taylor Mission to the Basutos, by Frank Headland, D.D. 12mo, 263 pp. Paper, 30 cents; cloth, SO cents. Central Com- Puaux; (2) The Basutos of Former mittee on United Study of Missions, West Medford, Mass., 1912. Years, by H. Dieterlen and F. Koh- China has astonished the world, leI'; (3) History of the Mission, by and it is no wonder that many authors have undertaken to describe the E. J acollet; (4) The Basutos of To- causes and process of her trans- formation. Dr. Headland is well ac- day, by H. Dieterlen and F. JK. oBhilaenr~' quainted with China imd knows how (5) The Jubilee of 1908, by to give his knowledge to American readers. In this recent "study book" quis. All the articles are well written he describes China's break with the past, the Chinese woman, the educa- and most interesting, recording with tional revolution, the Chinese Church, . medical work and the printed page. great care and with splendid accuracy The chapter on the Chinese woman the triumphs of the Gospel among the is particularly interesting, and illus- trates the wonderful development of heathen Basutos since the first mis- China in the past twenty years. The Chinese woman is pictured, not as a sionaries, Arbousset, Casalis and Gos- slave or an ignoramus, but as an intelligent and important factor in sellin, had their first interview at Chinese life. The time has passed when these women only exerted an Thaba-Bossiou with the famous chief influence at home. To-day they are becoming teachers, doctors and leaders Moshesh, who had asked the Paris in literature and art. Interest and information combine with brevity to Missionary Society to send some "men make Dr. Headland's story of special value. of peace" to him and to his people.

LIVRE D'OR DE LA MISSION DU LESSONTO. One can not help thinking that the Souvenir du Jubile Celebre en 1908. Paris. Maison des Missions Evan- title of the book, The Golden Book geliques, 1912. pp. 693. 4s. With 262 fine illustrations and one map. The of the Mission to the Basutos, has Paris Missionary Society, 102 Boule- vard Arago, Paris, 1912. been well chosen, as he follows the This remarkably fine book is pub- French missionaries in their work of lished in commemoration of the 75th anniversary of its prosperous work faith and love from the founding of among the Basutos (see MISSIONARY REVIEW, 1909, p. 229, and I9II, p. the first station, Morija, to the pres- 886). The introduction has been written by the lamented Alfred Boeg- ent day, where more than 300 teach- ner, whom death daimed only a few short months ago, in the midst of his ers are employed in the missionary blest activity as director of the so- ciety. The book contains five differ- day-schools at 224 stations and out- ent treatises: (I) The Origin of the stations. Truly, the whole book is a record of the golden miracles of God's grace which has dispelled the darkness of heathenism in Basutoland until more than one-fourth of its total population are connected with the ~ork of the Paris Missionary So- CIety. We hope that the splendid book will be speedily translated into Eng- lish.

JOHN G. PATON. Late Years and Fare- well. By A. K. Langridge and' Frank H. L. Paton.. Illustrated. 8vo, 286 pp. $1.25, net. . Ho?der & Stoughton, 1912.

The fascmatmg story and heroic personality of the apostle to the New Hebrides has given many their first deep interest in missions. His auto- biography would have been incom- plete without these last chapters.

They do not recount the adventures of the earlier years, but they show the ripened saint who never lost his missionary history under Pagan and heroism and they tell of the labors of his later years and the final Home Christian rulers. Now under French Call. dominion the Protestant missions are THE MESSIAH OF THE T ALMUDS. Targums much hampered, but the work con- and Rabbinical Writers. Pamphlet, 4to. By Joseph M. Tydings, M.D., Louis- tinues. The story iswoe fhgarveea toninlyteroeustt~ ville, Ky. but in this volume In thirty-one charts, Mr. Tydings standing facts. quotes the messianic prophecies of the Old Testament, the comments of The present outlook for mission rabbinical writers, and the fulfilment in Christ. It is an interesting and work is better than at any time before profitable study, but the rabbinical comments throw little light on the since French occupation began. prophecies and are of little value except to those who are seeking to TEMPTATION. By Philip E. Howard. 16mo, lead Jews to faith in Christ. 92 pp. 25 cents. Sunday School Times Co., Philadelphia, 1911. CHARACTER BUILDING IN CHINA; THE LIFE STORY OF JULIA MATEER. 12mo, 184 pp. These practical little talks or edi- $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1912. torials are on some perils and how to avoid them or to overcome them. Mrs. Julia Brown Mateer was one They are practical and spiritual, and of the noble women of the mission- are good for anyone to read. ary nobility. Her thirty-five years of service in China was a blessing to TALKS ON DAVID LIVINGSTONE. By Mr. T. the missionaries and to the Chinese. R. W. Laut. 6d, net. Church Mission- The story of her life can not fail to ary Society, London, 1911. inspire young women with an admiration for her own character and This junior study book is wen for the work that she accomplished adopted to its purpose and is accomin building the character of others. panied by "an African modeling out- There are many touches of human fit" (IS. 6d.) ; a "brown paper map of interest and many great thoughts in- Africa" (3d.); a "bust of David Livspired by this life of an unostenta- ingstone" (IS.), and two "sheet pictious worker in Teng Chow. tures" in I1rt brown (2d.). Those THE CHILDREN OF PERSIA. By Mrs. Napier who would interest juniors in mis- Malcolm. Illustrated. 12mo, 96 pp. sion lands can not do better than send 60 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., for a set of these study books on 1912. Africa, China, India, etc.

This is misnamed as it is not a de- PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPOSURE RECORD. Burscription of child life in Persia, but a roughs, Wellcome & Co. 50 cents. New description of Persia for children. York, 1911. As such it is full of instruction and entertainment. Persian babies are pic- This is a valuable little help to mistured, their clothes, games, condi- sionaries and others who take their ments, prayers, school work, etc. There own photographs. is a missionary flavor which does not detract from the attractiveness of the NEW BOOKS story. One can not read it without feeling the great need of Persia for SUNDAY-SCHOOL TEACHER TRAINING. H. M. the Gospel of Christ. Hamill.. (Revised Edition) 12mo, lIO pp. 50 cents. Sunday-school Times, Phila., THE MADAGASCAR MISSION: A TEN YEARS' REVIEW, 1900 to 1911. 8vo, 187 pp. L. I9I 2. M. S. Press, Antananarivo, Madagas- car, 1911. THE LURE OF THE STAR. By Maccowan Madagascar has had a wonderful Greenlee, 12mo, 300 pp. $D1..5c0.., MacDaniel Pub. Co., Washington. 1912.

THE BIBLE THAT WAS LoST AND IS FOUND. By John Bigelow. 8vo. I20 pp. The New Church Board of Publication. New York, I912.

THE CALL OF THE NEW SOUTH. Addresses at the Southern Sociological Congress, Nashville, Tenn., 19I2. Edited by James E. McCulloch.