The Missionary Review of the World — September 1937

1937

Beaten But Unconquered……in China James P. Leynse The Use of Chinese Gospel Posters R. w. Porteous Experiences in the Papuan Bush Russell W. Abel Work in Ethiopia and the Sudan Tom Lambie The Conquering Power of Christ Julius Richter Women's Work in the Country Church Mrs. James D. Wyker An Arab Consults a Missionary Doctor A Monologue by James Cantine 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember Reda;m;ng an abandoned church in cenlralIllinois

September 13-1S-C 0 n fer en c e on Those Abandoned Churches • • • Presbyterian Church and the Jew. Princeton Theological Seminary. that dot the hillsides and valleys of rural YOU ARE PRIVILEGED America to-day-more than ten thousand of to sponsor this marvellous October 2-6 – Triennial Convention. them-are a challenge to Christian people of work "With Christ along Women's Missionary Society of the the Old Back Road." United Lutheran Church in Amer- all Evangelical denominations. Some are only evi- $12.50 annually maintains ica. Buffalo. dences of changed conditions. Many others mark the the work of one Sunday retreat of Christian forces. School Class. SUMMER CONFERENCES AND $25.00 annually maintains SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS The vast majority of Christian people living in cities the work of a Sunday School. and towns do not understand the serious rural need $50.00 annually maintains September 20-24-Southern California of the hour. Neither do they realize that in countless the work of an unreached (Los Angeles). Mrs. H. M. Horn, instances the A.S.S.U. has met and is meeting that community. 1955 Carmen Ave., Los Angeles, need. Old church bells are pealing again, calling $100.00 annually maintains Calif. young and old to thousands of Union Sunday Schools. the work in any given county. September 20-24 – Minnesota (Min- In a fine old brick church in a prosperous farming $1,200.00 annually fully neapolis-St. Paul). President, Mrs. section of east central Illinois, an A.S.S.U. Mission- supports a consecrated and Charles L. Grant, 610 Aurora Ave., ary recently organized a Sunday School. Thirty-six aggressive A. S. S. U. Mis- St. Paul, Minn. attended the first meeting. Three weeks later the sionary. attendance reached sixty. Now the people have pur- Will your Prayers and yout September 7 – October 1 – D a 11 a s, chased an electric lighting plant, and evening serv- support go with us to this Texas. Pres., Mrs. E. R. Alderson, ices are being conducted by a regular minister. In needy field? 561 Goodwin St., Dallas, Texas. scores of other instances, work reclaimed by our ministry has been turned back to the proper September 27 – October 1 – Houston, denomination. Texas. Dean, Mrs. A. B. Haynes, 618 Highland Ave., Houston, Texas. Evangelical in purpose, non-sectarian in method. and true to the Word of God, theA.S.S.U. is actively September 28-30-A n n u a 1 Interde- engaged in this national ministry of restoring wor- nominational Missionary Institute, ship to rural churches in forty States. Will YOU help? Woman's Interdenominational Union of Philadelphia and Vicinity. First Baptist Church, Philadelphia.

October 5-6-Warren, Ohio. Mrs. George Konold, 314 Scott St., N. E., Warren, Ohio.

October 21- Baltimore, Md. Mrs. David D. Baker, 410 N. Calhoun St., Baltimore, Md.

!In the £un~ ot gonuh un~ His qou'£~ Home Letters of AMERICAN DEPARTMENT OF MISSIONS, R8l7 MARGARET DEAN McDOWELL 1816 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Sunday I wish to sponsor the work of the A. S. S. U. with the , She left a Chicago schoolroom to or- unreached millions of Rural America. ganize a cooperative laundry for refu- School Enclosed find $ ___ to be used for________ _ gees in Mesopotamia—and made it pay. Union ) Send your Quarterly Field Magazine – "The Sun- , She made friends with the sheikh of day School Missionary" a tribe of "devil-worshipers" who have an ancestral taboo against education- ( ) Mail your Booklet on Annuities. and he sent his children to her school. ( ) Send Sample Sunday School Literature. Name _____________ – – __ – ____ – , She met great ones of the earth-and in treeless Mosul spent hours creating Address _________ – _ – – – – – – – _ – – – a Christmas "tree" so that the children City ______________ State ______ _ should not be disappointed. 4 CHRIST ALONG THE OLD BACK ROAD , She began modern Christian educa- ESTABLISHED 1817 PIONEER SUNDAY SCHOOL ORGANIZATION OF THE USA tion for girls in Mosul-and many rise up and call her blessed. Personal Items one-half years of service as he says that he is "no longer able to recom- , Particularly valuable in connection The Rev. A. C. Snead, Foreign Sec- mend the Board as a Presbyterian with the coming year's study of Mos- retary of the Christian and Mission- missionary agency." Mr. Woodbridge lem lands. ary Alliance, sailed for a tour of was formerly a missionary in West South American mission fields on July Africa, representing the Presbyterian Price: cloth, $I .00; paper, 60 cents 27. He expects to visit Jamaica, Co- Church in the United States of Amer- lombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, The ica, from which he resigned in 1Q33. Order from Argentine and Puerto Rico, returning home on December 7. Mr. Snead ••• THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF earnestly requests the prayers of THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. U. S. A. Christian people for God's blessing on Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, corre- his mission to these important fields sponding secretary of the Methodist 156 Fifth Avenue New York, N. Y. where the Christian and Missionary Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions, Alliance carries on work. sailed on Saturday, June 12, for Italy FOR SALE-28 new black poplin and Central Europe, where there are pleated choir gowns; academic style, • • • . Rev. Charles J. Woodbridge, Gen- pressing problems. Dr. Diffendorfer $3.75 each; Iblack mortarboard caps, $1.50 has announced an anonymous gift of each. M. R. W. LINDNER, 425 Seventh eral Secretary of the Independent 100,000 Reichmarks-approximately Ave., New York. Board for Presbyterian Foreign Mis- $25,000-for the work in Germany. It sions, has resigned after three and will be used chiefly for improvements (Concluded on page 448.)

MISSIONARY and value. It is devoted to the mis-

REVIEW OF THE WORLD sion study topic of the coming year- The Moslem World and the progress DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor of Christianity among Moslems. These articles are by missionaries who have VOL. LX SEPT., 1937 No.9 devoted their lives to the work and who know the conditions from expe- Publication and Business Olllce– rience. Some of the articles are by Third and Reily 8ts., Harrisburg, Pa. those who have come out of Islam and have confessed their faith in Christ Editorial and Executive Olllce– as their Lord and Master. The work 156 Firth Avenue, New York City. in Moslem lands is one of the most Entered as second-class matter at difficult in any field since the Moham- medans are militant in their propa- Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa., under ganda and as a rule are very bitter Act of March 3, 1879. antagonists against those who pro- claim Christ as the Son of God and 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. only Saviour through His death on Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. the cross. A list of the articles pre- Published monthly, except August. pared for our special number will be All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1937. found on the fourth cover of this is- British agents – Marshall, Morgan sue. It is advisable to order copies of and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, the October REVIEW immediately. London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, 10 shillings a year. PARENTS ••• When the good work MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- In the Foreign Mission Field calls you East … saH LISHING CO., INC. Endorse Calvert School p&O BOARD OF DIRECTORS Home Study Courses ROBERT E. SPEER, President This year marks a full century of P & 0 A. L. WARNSHUIS, Vice-President for Children service to the lands beyond Suez! WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Whenever you are called to the other DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary Calvert School, through its Home Iustruc- side of the world, choose this tradi- tion Department, will give your child a tional route. Cross to England by SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT superior elementary education … by mail, Cunard White Star •.• and there embark in a great liner of the P & 0 WILLIAM 1. CH..umEBL£IN regardless of where you may live. Mod- and British India fleets, led by the D. J. FANT ern, approved courses from this famous new 22,5oo-ton Strathnaver, Strath- school are being used by parents all over aird and Strathmore. Regular service MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD to Egypt, Sudan, Persian Gulf, India, WM. B. LIPPHARD the world with outstanding success. Burma, Ceylon, Straits Settlements, ERIC M. NORTH China, Japan, Australia" East and SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Give your children the advantages of these South Africa, Mauritius. Low rates.

Editorial Chat interesting lessons, carefully chosen books, Convenient through bookings can be arranged and attractive materials. Instruction is by your local travel agent or any office of The unusual situation in China is a under the personal guidance of teachers in very disturbing factor to missionaries, Calvert's prominent and successful private CUNARD WHITE STAR LINE the Chinese Christians and to all interested in the development of that day school in Baltimore. GENERAL AGENTS great land and people. What Christians can do most effectively is to t Write today for booklet of complete in- '25 Broadwayand638 Fifth Ave., New York pray for the afflicted people that all may witness a good confession, and formation. Costs are low. stand true to the highest Christian principles. The editorial "Topic of CALVERT SCHOOL the Times" and the articles in this 180 E. Tusc:any Road number by Mr. James P. Leynse, of Peiping, and Mr. Porteous will be Baltimore -0- Maryland read with deep interest.

*** The October number of THE RE- VIEW will be one of unusual interest The Minister's Social Primer Basic, Factual Articles Which Deal With New World Economics By WILLIAM L. LUDLOW Professor of Political Science and Sociology, Muskingum College SUBJECTS 1. Marxian Communism 4. German National Socialism 2. Soviet Russia 5. Democracy 3. Fascism 6. Trade Unionism in America 7. Labor Legislation.

The first chapter will appear in the October issue of CHURCH MANAGEMENT, to be published September 17th. Others will follow in order.

Send $1.50 for special seven-months' subscription to secure this social primer so necessary to men in public life. Single copy, 25c.

CHURCH MANAGEMENT Auditorium Building Cleveland, Ohio [401 ]

NATIVES IN THE ANGLO-EGYPTIAN

(See article on page 422.) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 9 SEPTEMBER, 1937 Topics of the Times LEADERS OR FOLLOWERS? educated for better leadership; they are learning how to keep the mass of the people from drifting There is a loud call today for leadership–for or floundering.

wise leaders, honest leaders, unselfish leaders, It was said of a certain politician: "He would courageous leaders, experienced leaders.. They make a great leader, if only he could persuade are needed in world affairs, in politics and indus- anyone to follow him." There are two requisites: try, in business and philanthropy, in education a wise, strong leader and people intelligent and and religion. How many nations of the world are unselfish enough to follow good leadership. How in a turmoil for lack of proper leadership! In much both are needed today! The Apostle James Cuba, Mexico and many parts of Latin America says: "Be not many teachers-:-or leaders-know- there is almost continual civil war because one ing that we shall receive heavier judgment."

man after another seeks to lead the nation's des- (James 3: 1 R. V.). In many lands, and in many tiny. Europe offers many examples of strong and spheres of life, confusion and conflict arise beweak political leaders. Spain is torn with fratri- cause too many seek to be leaders rather than cidal strife and is drenched with blood because of show a willingness to be followers. We are in- the conflict between rivals who would be leaders clined to forget that "one who would command and rulers. In Germany, Italy and Russia we must first learn to obey."

have examples of headstrong rulers who are in When the late Sadhu Sundar Singh, that re- the saddle and are leading their nations-but markable Christian ascetic of India, was in whither? America, he was asked by one who heard him In Asia the struggle for leadership continues. speak: "Have you any followers in India-any Gandhi and others are striving by different meth- who follow your ideals of life and methods of ods to determine India's destiny. China is bene- service?"

fited by the influence of a strong and intelligent The Sadhu thought a moment and then replied: leader, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, but Japan, "No, I have no followers. I, myself, am a fol- under the control of the military party, is leading lower." In that answer lies the secret of leader- the country to a war that threatens all Asia and ship to meet the needs of the hour.

may involve the world. Jesus Christ did not call men to be leaders; He Similar struggles exist in America. The ques- called them to be followers. He called them to be tion of the type of leadership determines the po- "fishers of men," rather than rulers of men. He litical program in nation and city, spells failure or called them to serve men rather than to exercise success in the conflict between labor and capital, lordship over men. They were called first to be and will bring failure or success in the Christian disciples (learners), then apostles (missionaries).

Church. Who are the leaders? Why do they seek Is not this the great need in the world and in control and whither are they leading? the Church today? What might we expect if, in- Much emphasis is placed today on the training stead of setting up many "leadership conferences,"

of leaders in all departments of life. Leadership we promoted training classes to teach men, wom- training conferences are being held for political, en and children to be good followers? There is one educational and religious workers-and in many safe and sane leader, the Lord Jesus Christ. If of these conferences, men and women are being men and women would sit at His feet to learn of [403 ]

Him; if we would know how to appreciate His has resulted. The Arabs, who are traders and love and His sacrifice; if we could understand cattle-raising nomads rather than agriculturalists His wisdom and accept His standards-then the or industrial workers, have seen their prestige wrongs in our own personal lives, the mistakes in and control threatened. Their racial pride has the family, in the Church, in the State and the been hurt. They have been warlike since the days world might be set right. As we learn of Him of Esau, while Jews are non-militant. Riots and and are ready to follow Him, He has promised to bloodshed have resulted and all Great Britain's give us power to do His work as He gave power diplomacy and military strength "have been reto the early Disciples when the Holy Spirit came quired to maintain some semblance of peace. upon them. Finally a British Royal Commission was ap- The great need today is not more classes to pointed last year to visit Palestine and report on train leaders but more classes and conferences to the most feasible plan for developing the country. teach us to be true followers of Jesus Christ-as Their report shows careful study and a desire to humble Christians, as parents, as business men and solve the difficult problem-but it satisfies neither women, as workers in Church and State, as mis- Jews nor Arabs. The proposal is for a "major sionaries and as executives. In proportion as we operation," to divide the land into three sectionssucceed in learning in this school of Christ, we giving to the Jews about one-third-including the can say with the Apostle Paul to less privileged western border on the Mediterranean, from about disciples: "Be ye followers (imitators) of me twenty miles north of Gaza to Syria and the Lebaeven as I also am of Christ" (1 Corinthians 11: 1). non Mountains; giving to the Arabs two-thirds- including the land south of Bethlehem, east of THE PARTITION OF PALESTINE the plains of Judea and across the Jordan River. The British are to retain a small "corridor" from Although almost insignificant in size – only Jerusalem to the sea at Jaffa, and a small circle about the size of New England- Palestine around Nazareth, and with a naval base at Haifa. has the most strategic position of any country in This would mean that the Jews will have the the world. It lies at the crossroads of Asia, Africa Shephelah and the lowlands of the Mediterranean and Europe. The natural wealth of the country, seacoast, where Tel-Aviv and other modern Jewas well as its command of the trade routes be- ish settlements are located; also Mt. Carmel and tween East and West, have made the land a de- practically all of Galilee. The Arabs will have sirable prize. It was this land, enlarged to reach Shechem (Nablus) and Samaria, the country "from the Euphrates to the River of Egypt," that around Hebron, J.ericho, and Beersheba and the God promised to Abraham and his descendants. lands of their ancestors-the Moabites, Ammon- It was many years before the Hebrews gained ites and Edomites. The British retain control of possession and then because of their disobedience, Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Nazareth and the railroad they were conquered and lost control of the coun- to the seaport of Jaffa (ancient Joppa). The try many times. From the earliest days of history Jews and Arabs are both offered independent this little country has been a battleground between states, with representatives in the League of Na- Philistines, Canaanites and Hittites; between tions. Syrians and Egyptians; between Assyrians, Babylonians, and Israelites; between Romans, The Arabs object to this division on three Greeks and Arabians; between Crusaders and grounds: (1) They say that they have possessed "Infidels" ; between the Allied armies in the the land by right of conquest and occupation for World War and the Turks. hundreds of years; (2) they are in a majority and now own most of the land so that it would be Today Palestine is again a scene of strife and a necessary to evacuate 225,000 Arabs from Jewish bone of contention between Arabs and Jews, be- territory; (3) the plan gives the Jews the most tween Christians, Hebrews and Moslems. As a fertile and desirable portions and most of the result of the World War, England was given a seacoast, while the Arabs are assigned to the mandate over Palestine and the Balfour Declara- more arid sections of the mountains and the semition promised the Jews an opportunity to develop wilderness beyond the Jordan. their ancient heritage and to make it a "National Home." The persecuted and ostracized Jews of The Jews find the plan inacceptable: (1) be- Europe have taken the opportunity to return in cause the whole land is theirs by right of divine large numbers. They have built cities, developed promise to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, by ancient farms, made good roads, established schools and inheritance and occupation, and by the Balfour universities, and have taken other steps to im- Declaration; (2) because, being driven out of prove the country and to increase prosperity. But Europe, they need Palestine as a National Home after seventeen years, and in spite of British ef- and they have shown the will and ability to develforts to maintain order, strife rather than peace op the country, which the Arabs have not; (3) because the Arabs are assigned the Jordan Valley

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

I .q z MPDI TER RA NeA N .:.' S£A 4 MEO/TERRA NEA"' .:,'.,'· o .seA " ,,~,_ -0— ,, ," . ,,,/ "oH.ebron ,t EGYPT -, ;<rBeerSheM r—–~~——–~ a ! Ie J' l ' I KEY ~EERSHE8A SU8- DISTRICT t EXTENDING roGUU' 01' AQABA _ Proposed boundaries ", Present boundari es CULTIVATION UNSURVEYEO /JO MIlFI _ Rai /ways —- Roads Courtesy ot "The New York Times"

with all the light and power plants, the Dead Sea material resources used to increase the prosperity and the mountains which are richest in chemicals, of the country. Both Jews and Arabs are so unminerals' and other natural resources. Both par- friendly to the British that they may yet unite ties want Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Hebron and oth- against them, as the Pharisees and Herodians er sacred sites. It is as impossible to give both united against Christ. Jews and Arabs all they wish as it is to satisfy both labor and capital, or both communists and God's plan is not yet made clear for His "peim perialists. culiar people" and His chosen land. Any arrange- ment, such as is proposed by the Royal Commis- The plan offered is objected to by many British "sion, can at best be only temporary. God's promise and by people of other lands who take up cudgels to Abraham was: "I will give unto thee, and to for one side or the other. Dr. Chaim Weizmann, thy s~ed after thee, the land wherein thou art a President of the Zionist Movement, finds the pro- stranger, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting posed partition unsatisfactory but thinks that it possession, and I will be their God" (Genesis offers the best solution of any plan suggested up 17: 8). to the present. Dr. Stephen Wise, President of the American Zionists, is utterly opposed to any ECUMENICAL CHRISTIANITY AT OXFORD such surrender of what he terms "Jewish rights." The World Conference on "Life and Work" that Christians as a whole have not entered into the met for two weeks in July at Oxford, England, to controversy, but many Syrian Christians in Pal- consider "The Church, State and Community," estine would prefer to see the Arabs in control brought together some eight hundred delegates because they find it more difficult to get along and associates from many different nations, Ori. with Jewish neighbors. Neither Jews nor Mos- ental churches and Protestant communi:bns. These lems are friendly to Christian mission work; included 100 young men and women from thirty neither one favors Christian or British control; countries, who constituted a special "Youth Secbut both are willing to see Christian ability and

tion" of the Conference; there were also many ments that threaten the efficiency, if not the very delegates from the younger churches of mission life, of the Church. la.nds. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Cosmo Gordon Lang, was president, and Dr. John R. 2. That the Church consider how to meet and Mott, well known American Methodist layman, overcome the evident purpose in many lands to was Chairman of the Business Committee. The elevate the State to a divine status, thus seeking Conference was much more widely representative to give human rulers more authority than that than that which met at Stockholm in 1925; but accorded Almighty God; also how to correct the there were no German delegates at Oxford, pass- tendency to racial discrimination, social injustice ports having been refused by the Nazi Govern- and the increase of immortality in personal and ment to members of the Confessional Synod. community life.

Many important topics were discussed by the 3. That greater emphasis be placed on the facts Conference in various sections, papers having been that God is the only supreme and ultimate auprepared in advance and "Findings" being pre- thority; that religious liberty is essential to husented for discussion at the general meetings be- man liberty, and that Christians are called of God fore approval. to use their resources to help raise the status of the underprivileged, the oppressed and unlight- Among the disturbing trends in the life of to- ened brothers and sisters of the human race. day were noted: the claim of the State-as in Germany, Italy, Russia and Turkey-to dominate The Conference closed with a united communion and control religion; the growth of secularism in service presided over by the Archbishop of Canall lands at the expense of religion, and the signs terbury, assisted by the Episcopal Bishop of Dorof moral anarchy which threatens the sanctity of nakaI, India. marriage and the home. THE CHINA-JAPAN CONFLICT The members of the Conference applauded those who advocated unity among Christians of all na- Since July 7, the world has been increasingly tions, races and sects; there was emphasized the concerned by another demonstration of the deneed for greater dependence on the guidance and termined military encroachment of one nation of power of God for the solution of all problems. the Far East upon the territory and the sover- Real progress was noted in the growth of friendly eignty of another at a time when other nations understanding between Eastern and Western are too busily occupied to intervene. So much is Churches and between members of French and clear to all the world, to which all further judg- German nationals. There was a call for a united ments may safely be left. And few will condemn Christian front to combat and overcome the in- the militarily weaker nation for deciding that pacrease of militant atheism and of pagan material- tient submission had ceased to be a virtue and for ism in all lands. risking all in self-defense. The infinite pity of the situation is that the blow should fall upon Perhaps the most striking proposal was for the China just at the time when her provinces and formation of a "World Council of Churches" to parties and leaders were heartily uniting in the include all non-Roman Christian churches that work of material and moral reconstruction which wish to join. This will be a world-wide organiza- had been so frequently interrupted during the tion planned and operated on lines similar to the quarter century of the republic. Inspired by the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America. courage, wisdom and unselfish patriotism of Gen- It is suggested that it function through an As- eralissimo and Madame Chiang and several likesembly of some two hundred members; its pur- minded associates and by the marvelous deliverpose will be to increase. the ecumenical conscious- ance of their leader from deadly peril in captivity, ness among all Evangelical Christians, and to confident hope of a great future for China had promote cooperation among churches of all na- been rekindled. The appointment of Dr. C. T. tions, races and denominations. This Assembly Wang as Ambassador to the United States and the would meet every year and might give informa- visit of the Minister of Finance, Dr. H. H. Kung, tion service through a World Council Journal; to America and many European countries, have it might also promote world-wide conferences, contributed to a mutually helpful international such as those held this summer at Oxford and friendship, but nothing has prevented the out- Edinburgh. It is hoped that this Council would break of a murderous "undeclared war." represent the "voice of united Christendom"- outside the Roman Catholic Church. The first stages of that war in the driving of provincial forces from the neighborhood of Tient- Among the Findings submitted and approved sin and Peiping, though it involved much slaughby the Conference were the following: ter J)f soldiers and civilians and destruction of valuable property such as the progressive Nankai 1. That the Christian Church meet the present University ~t Ti~Iltsin~ have been trifles as comchallenge of the serious economic situation in all Jands and the anti-religious and secularizing movepared with the terrific conflict which broke out on ning to open as usual. The same is presumably August 14 between rapidly gathering Chinese air true of the College of Chinese Studies (Language and military forces and the Japanese warships School) though the number of new missionaries lying at the Hongkew bund portion of Shanghai venturing into North China this autumn may not International Settlement, where they had no right be large. to be. Their position rendered accidents inevitable, and bombs intended for the warships It was intended to list here the missions at work dropped in the settlement, killing hundreds of in the war zone, but since the scope of the war civilian Chinese and several foreigners including increases daily that would be a hopeless and use- Dr. Frank J. Rawlinson, Editor of the Chinese less task. Recorder, and Dr. Robert Karl Reischauer of Princeton, son of the well-known missionary in In sharp contrast with this dismal picture of Tokyo. Since then by air and land and water, strife and hatred stand out the recent picture of Chinese and Japanese have hurled death and de- Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa of Japan, and Dr. C. Y. struction at each other, and attempts have been Cheng of China, smiling radiantly, with arms made and resisted to carry the war to the national about each other's necks. A later photograph capital, Nanking, and other centers of military shows two girl scout leaders-Chinese and Japaconcentration. nese-in a similar attitude. Let us hold fast to our hope that some day the love of Christ will Many are the predictions as to the outcome, constrain these two peoples, so nearly related, to but such prognostication is futile. If "God is al- love one another and engage heartily in mutual ways on the side of the strongest battalions," upbuilding for the service of the world. China will be once more humbled and crippled. There seems to be little or no prospect of a saving THE COMING GENERATION AND intervention by any or all of the other nations; MISSIONS but the new national spirit of the Chinese people, added to their traditional ability to "conquer by The youth of today sometimes criticize the misabsorption," may bring them safely through this sion boards on the ground that youth is ignored in most fiery trial of their recent history. the planning and direction of the work. They claim that the viewpoint of the younger generation is The outbreak having come in midsummer, ignored in religion, while it is sought in business, when many missionaries were absent on vacation, in politics and in social movements. when many had left on furlough and new missionaries had not arrived, the problem of protection All acknowledge that the future of mission work and evacuation has been comparatively small. is vitally linked with the rising generations. It Only a few who occupy key positions on the field is dependent on new life being constantly supare now being returned to China, though some plied, infinitely more than it is dependent on new who had sailed before the crisis became acute will money. probably be diverted to other opportunities for service until the way is open to the old field. The But are the young men and women of this commissions in the Philippines will gladly absorb a ing generation taking an interest in vital Christia'1 large number. At this writing evacuations of work as they are in politics, sport, economics and missionaries have been very few, but the Boards social reform? In how many churches are the and the field agencies are on the alert and pro- youth a strong factor? How much are young peovided with authority and funds to meet all needs. ple as a class willing to sacrifice for the Cause of Except as mentioned above, no missionary lives Christ? How many are ready to do personal work have been lost, or property seriously damaged. on spiritual lines? Are they trained to accept and practice fundamental Christian ideas and stand- It is well to remind ourselves that the situation ards? How many of the present generation of differs widely from that of the Boxer Outbreak students would sacrifice ambition and prospects in 1900. Then, all foreigners were the object of of business advancement to start and carry forannihilative attack by the "Boxers" and the Chi- ward a Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign nese imperial troops; now neither combatant will Missions or a Young People's Missionary Moveintentionally injure the citizens of any neutral ment? Have they the idealism, the courage, the nation. Apart, therefore, from the "accidents of ability, the faith to undertake such work, in face of discouragement and opposition? warfare," the ambassadors of Christ are not considered to be in serious peril. We believe that multitudes of the youth of to- day will respond to this challenge if it is rightly Latest reports from North China state that all presented. They must first be conscious of their is quiet in and near Peiping and that Yenching own debt to Christ and acknowledge His suprem- University northwest of the city and the North acy over their lives. They must realize the need China American School at Tungchow are plan- of the world and the ability of Christ to supply that need. When they see this as clearly as they of Nations. This is the missionary enterprise of the future. see the need for world peace, for social justice, One contributor takes exception to this view, for economic improvement and for better race re- and rightly if we are to be guided by Christ's ideals and objectives as they are presented in the lations, then they will respond as enthusiastically New Testament. This contributor says: and sacrificially to the call of Christ and man's In the early days of the Church there was no social justice. Palestine was seething with social injustice, naspiritual needs as they now do to the call of Marx tionalism, imperialism, absentee-landlordism, cruel taxa- tion, frequent rebellion-but was there not a spiritual life or Hitler or Mussolini for temporal and national in the midst of it? In my experience those who have been the greatest saints have often been those who suffered advancement. There is great encouragement to- most from social injustice. I do not think that the world as we know it will ever be rid of sin, and so I cannot see day in the spirit shown by Christian youth in a hope of our being rid of social injustice. I have not much hope of the coming of a cooperative Commonwealth many colleges and in summer conferences, in so- of Nations in the terms in which we see it today. We are in a time of tremendous chaos in which we cannot yet see cieties and in churches where they find true virile clearly the direction or tell the nature of the new order which will be born, though my own hopes lie in the d:recand spiritual leadership. tion indicated here. I do not, however, regard this as the "missionary enterprise of the future." Missions are con- The missionary cause must be presented wisely cerned primarily with the religious, not with the economic.

to appeal to the youth of today. What kind of a Let the coming generation be stirred to fight courageously against the present-day crime, inmissionary enterprise will students support? is justice, cruelty and selfishness, but the hope for a new and more fruitful day in Christian advance a question recently sent out to colleges by the Stu- is in a youth movement wholly loyal to Christ and led by the Spirit of God. f1ent Volunteer Movement. The Intercollegian and Far Horizons publishes the following answer which was among those received: .

Everywhere and for the most part increasingly, capitalism, communism, fascism and nationalism threaten the welfare of mankind. Nervous breakdowns, depressions, wars-these are all symptoms of a basic economic and moral sickness. Until social justice can be established, spiritual life is impossible. The great hope of the future lies in the development on a world scale of cooperatives and an increasing socializing of the means of production, pointing Ultimately toward a Cooperative Commonwealth RELIGIOUS BODIES AND GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES IN A OOMPARISON OF THOSE REPORTING OVER 50,000 MEMBERS, 1935 AND 1936 Membership 1 Yr. Gain 10 Yr, Gain Membership 1 Yr. Gain 10 Yr, Gain 1936 1936·1935 1936-1926 1936 1936-1935 1936-1926 Baptists (19 Bodies) ….. 10,332,005 140,308 1,890,939 Polish Catholic Church … 186,000 36,000 124,426 Methodist (19 Bodies) .. , 9,109,359 41,798 1,038,740 Church of the Nazarene .. 133,516 5,867 69,958 Lutherans (17 Bodies) … 4,589,660 43,905 646,202 Mennonites (17 Bodies) .. 116,665 4,101 29,491 Jewish (Heads of Families) 4,081,242 Eastern Separate (2 Bodies) 107,675 78,087 Friends (4 Bodies) ….. . 105,917 dl,527 d4,505 Presbyterians (10 Bodies) 2,687,772 6,507 62,488 Protestant Episcopal …. . 1,918,329 21,193 52,243 Church of God (Indiana) . 82,893 364 44,644 Disciples of Christ ….. . 1,602,052 d6,700 224,457 Unitarians …………. . 98,600 38,026 38,448 East. Orthodox (9 Bodies) 1,092,349 94,262 832,955 Federated Churches ….. . 59,977 Congregational & Christian 1,010,776 d2,177 16,285 Scandinavian Ev. (3 Bodies) 55,237 385 6,452 Evangelical and Reformed 849,205 d71,384 173,401 Universalists ……….. . 51,159 68 d3,798 Roman Catholics (whole Lat.-Day Saints (2 Bodies) 777,695 12,981 171,134 Churches of Christ …… . 433,714 family) …………… 20,831,139 221,837 2,226,136 United Brethren (3 Bodies) 428,838 1,073 32,953 Total, Over 50,000 ….. 62,844,012 689,572 8,718,230 Reformed (3 Bodies) … . 366,583 81,958 110,318 Salvation Army …….. . 255,765 d3,336 180,997 Total, Under 50,000 649,024 147,832 271,636 Ch. of Four-Sq. Gospel .. . 257,635 5,255 257,635 Evangelical (2 Bodies) .. . 258,207 9,390 31,678 Church of Christ, Scientist 202,098 Grand Total ……….. 63,493,036 837,404 8,989,866 Population (July, 1936) .. 128,429,000 908,000 11,429,000 Church of God in Christ .. 200,470 170,207 -From The Christian Hemld. Breth. (Dunkers) (4 Bodies) 192,588 1,047 34,484 d Decrease. Adventists (5 Bodies) … . 195,553 5,435 49,376 Assemblies of God …… . 173,349 2,936 125,399

But Unconquered – in

By the REV. JAMES P. LEYNSE, Peiping, China Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. s. A.

W ITHOUT even so much as a knock at the "One day in the fall when the 'harvest of the door Mrs. Single Flower Liu, in a sky-blue five grains' was plentiful and people went merrily cotton garment, entered my study and told to their work, a student of the Truth Hall Mission me this story: School of Peiping came to our village elders. His words of new and strange things came freely out "Allow me to use some of your time, Shepherd- of his mouth. At the first watch of the night, teacher. Today, with the wind making many. a when all the people had supped, that young man whirling cloud of dust, there will be a few people would stand preaching in front of the village inn, gathering at the Hall of Glad Tidings. The saying that there is only one God of heaven and' heavens have turned yellow; the earth is almost earth; that the sun and moon belong to all the dark and the sun has only a dim light. Ai, this world; and that all men around the four seas are is truly a good room to come to on such a day; all brethren. It was truly a strange doctrine, but these books of foreign learning are a pleasure to that young man had his stomach full of good behold. I have come to you to speak about the learning and his heart was warm with sympathy. things of my heart. He knew how to speak words acceptably.

"Years ag<J, when through the goodness· of your "One evening when the moonlight was dim, I friends across the foreign sea, you invited me to went stealthily out of the family house and stood become a Christian evangelist, my joy rose to among:st the crowd like a man, so as to hear the Heaven and I determined that some day I should tell you the story of my conversion. Pray, do not student-preacher read ,from his Heavenly Book. weary of my account and do not regard it a hard- His preaching filled my heart with a peace unship to use your pen to write it down. I am but a speakable and I, humble young sister, cried out to humble woman of scanty learning and know how the Living God for help and guidance. In the to write only a few hundred characters of our lan- middle of the night my heart became so heavy guage; I am but nothing to compare with such an within me that I got up from the brick family bed one as you. and bowed myself to the ground before the great God and Creator for the first time in my life. "I was born in the village of the Deep Hill Waters. My ancestral home was favored by the "The next day when the sun had set and the gods with plenty of millet, rice, oil and salt. moon arose I went again to hear about the Way of Though the house was large I had but eight feet Life and to seek salvation. I was like one who of the family brick bed on which to sleep, just as had made her bow in the dark. While listening, everybody else. My highly esteemed grandfather my heart was mirrored before God, and I saw the was a chief priest of the Lotus Goddess and my blackness of my sin. I believed what the preacher uncles were leaders of Buddhist pilgrimages. Yea, said and knew that I was cleansed from my inthey even were active fighters in the great anti- iquity. At that time I was born again, a new Chdstian movement of 1900 when all over the woman, and my heart became settled in quietness land many missionaries and thousands of Chris- and peace. tians were killed. My honorable father was also an ardent Buddhist, who cared for the gods and "Afterwards that young man taught me to pray spent many pieces of good silver to help rebuild and to read the new…style writing. He put the our village temple. And my mother, though only Word of God into my hands and my faith grew a country woman of simple mind, knew all about until it became the most precious thing on the the gods and was a vegetarian for many years to earth to me. I witnessed to my relatives about it please Kuan Yin, the Goddess of Happiness. I but their temper rose hotly within them against myself desired from childhood on to serve the gods this new and strange doctrine. In their hardness of heaven, and with my very flesh and bones I of heart they vowed never to throw a single idol loved to do all that is good. Therefore I was set away nor to forsake the temple. aside to become a 'witch woman' of the group of the Lotus Spirit. "Years went by and my grandparents and par- ents all died, leaving me without proper care and protection. My uncles therefore took me in and [409 ]

filled my ears with many good promises if I only fore I could wean them. For this I bore a thouwould renew my faith in the old temple idols. sand bitternesses-but no more need to be said of They would have adopted me as their own daugh- such things. ter if I had but burned a little incense before the household idols; but I could not do such a thing "One morning, when the spring was young and and displease my Saviour. I was doing the housework, I sang a chorus 'Heaven is my Home.' My sister-in-law hearing "Then my relatives married me into the house- this cried out in great wrath: 'I surely will help hold of Hsu of the Village of the Seven Precious you to ascend to your Heaven.' I was ignorant Things, to a young man I had never seen before, of her intentions and did not in the least suspect nor even heard of. This is the custom of our coun- that she had put poison in the few mouthfuls of try of Central Glory. I was already twenty-two spinach I had with my millet. That night my years of age, and upon my arrival in my new body grew hot with fever and in the morning I home, I learned that my lord and master was but was stiff with cold. I could not utter any speech, a boy of fourteen years. From the first I saw that neither did my eyes see any light, and everybody the look on his face was sullen, yea, even when I said, 'She soon will die.' Hastily they bargained bowed myself three times before him, I knew that for a fiat cart drawn by mules to pull me to the he was a rude thing who did not know a whit of home of my uncles that I might die there. manners. And his relatives acted like him. I had brought with me a bride's box of sheepskin painted "At midday, when the sun was high in the skies red with beautiful trailing clouds. In it I had put and I was lying in the cart rolling hither and my garments of red and blue as a bride always thither on account of the many ruts in the road, has, but also my Bible and hymn book. I had I awoke a little and dreamed a beautiful dream. scarcely been in the house a few hours when the I thought I saw a big ladder reaching from heaven mother of my lord snatched the key out of my to earth and on it an angel came down carrying hand and looked hastily through the box. When medicine and food for my body. When the angel she found my Bible and hymn book, her heart be- was about to touch my heart and heal my body, I came course with anger. She cursed me fiercely cried out, 'Oh, most Gracious One, let there be a and, just as when a dog barks at something a hun- limit to my suffering and let me die in peace.' dred dogs start barking in chorus, all my relatives- Then that one answered saying, 'Not so; it is in-law joined her in reviling me. God's will that you shall live ; be of good courage.' I answered, 'If this truly must be so, grant me "Afterwards I learned that my uncles had sent three requests.' Then that one said, 'Is there anywords of warning about my Christian faith, say- thing too hard for the Lord to do?' I replied, 'See ing that by all means they should drive the evil to it that those to whom I belong allow me to folspirit out of my vitals. They stated that in doing low Christ. Arrange for me that I may study the so it would be considered only a small matter with Bible, and let those who are in authority over me them if they beat me to death. This was the rea- give me freedom to unbind my feet.' Touching my son that, though I was before my young husband forehead the angel replied saying, 'Your requests like a sampan that waits on a steamer, I did not are granted and so shall the Lord do to you.' find favor in his eyes, neither received any kind Straightway my stomach was cured of illness and words from his parents. It was my lord's busi- great peace was within my heart. ness to braid mats and to sell straw shoes but most of the time he was weary from idleness, and "When my uncles saw me entering their home, had much leisure in which to find fault with me. they said, 'How is this strange thing? This sick- ness is not unto death and how is it that her par- The affairs of that home were like the hills, with ents-in-Iaw give themselves the weariness of sendthe even places few and far between. On the day ing her here?' And all the neighbors looking at of my arrival they burned my Bible, hymn book, me said, 'Surely, she will not die and the wages of and tracts in the courtyard before a picture of the the cartman are but wasted.' Then I testified with gods of heaven and earth. But no shouting nor a power which was not my own but of the Holy beating with sticks could induce me to rise from Spirit and there was no one that dared to raise my knees when in the morning and evening I his voice against me because the Lord was at my knelt in prayer to my Saviour. side. In all the months I stayed in my uncle's house my life was as a road of heavenly peace. "Some years passed and to all of the people in The women and children gathered daily in my' the home of my parents-in-law I was like a mirror room to study the Word of God and many a man hung with the glass to the wall. I bore my master stood behind the street door curtain to listen. two children but the words he ever spoke to me were seldom heard. I was beaten so often that "Then one day, when the winds of autumn bemy bruises never disappeared. The measure of gan to blow, my husband stood at the gate and millet, left for me in the cauldron, was so small commanded me to follow him. As there was that my children were weak at birth and died be- nought to do but to walk behind him, I said fare-

BEATEN BUT UNCONQUERED IN CHINA

well to my relatives. All the weary way back to follow him any longer. Finally my relatives sucmy husband's home the tears blinded my eyes and ceeded in satisfying him. The law of our land one by one they dropped on the Bible I carried set me free and even gave me my son to rear, wrapped in my handkerchief. When I arrived though he was the only grandson of the family. within the enclosure of his home my husband Soon afterwards came the complete answer to my grabbed me, bound me with ropes and hung my prayer and I was permitted to study the things body from a beam in the house. Then he and his concerning the Bible in a special school for that mother used sticks and a big whip upon me in a purpose. Now, out of the goodness of your heart, long and fearful way. But I never as much as you have allowed me to be an evangelist to go cried out for mercy. I prayed to my Father in among my own Chinese people with the Gospel of heaven and did count the pain but joy. For many Salvation. Here I am, a lowly servant of Christ months that followed my husband and his brothers Jesus, taking my place in the fields of the harvest and their mother often used big sticks upon me, in this great country." but I always prayed as before and quietly praised my God in whispered songs. A DEAF LADY'S APPEAL TO THE GODDESS OF MERCY "One day they locked the gate of the house and again bound my body by a rope to a beam and By ROBERT B. EKVALL, B.A., F.R.G.S.* beat me until my breath came in gasps. Then my Christian and Missionary Alliance, Kansu mother-in-law urged her son to use a knife on me good and deep so as to cut the evil spirit out of Goddess of Mercy, the incense burns with framy body. In great confused hurry he hunted all grance sweet, over the house for the big kitchen knife, but the God of Heaven blinded his eyes so that he could But sweeter yet if I were not so poor; not find it. Then they all shouted and together The best that I could buy for I am poor. they beat my body with sticks. The pain became Ah, Goddess, hear my prayer. so fierce that I let my voice go out in loud screams. For you can hear. The neighbors heard it and one man climbed over Your ears are not dead stones that numb your head the roof into the courtyard and protested against As mine have been these past five years. their beating me to death. He bowed himself to Ah, Goddess, hear. the ground before my husband and my fatherin-law saying, 'If she has caused you loss of face But maybe now my tongue has lied on account of her disobedience I will repay for her And makes no sound. I wish I knew. sin with this bow. But let there be an end to this Perhaps my voice is dead-and after? thing. We, your neighbors, do not want our street The world is but a picture now; and if to be talked about and we most surely do not want Death dropped the veil, among the spirits the police to inquire about our affairs.' Then they Could a deaf old woman find the way? unbound me and locked me in a small room where No hope beyond, and half lost, stumbling now. frequently someone came in to beat me with a stick. But Christ Jesus strengthened me and was Goddess of Mercy, just one day that I with me in that little room so that I did not starve Might hear. For in the house across the street with the scanty food which was left for me. The foreign lady tells strange things. I know That they are strange, for Mei Nai Nai, "Some time later, on a night when the moon Who has not smiled for twenty years was misty and the clouds were heavy with rain, Till yesterday, cried, and then through tears a kind niece came into the house saying, 'Set forth She smiled, like summer's sun through falling rain. quickly, I have unfastened the gate, the road is Their lips are twisted by strange words; my eyes before you. Why tarry here any longer?' Pray- Are old! I cannot see. And even when ing to the Lord to protect me I ran as long as My son has mouthed the words he finds within the dim moonlight lasted. When the sun arose Their books, they seem so strange. I slept hidden in the fields with my Bible for a A story? But what story makes old hearts young? pillow. After suffering much from hunger and I watch his lips until he points above and says one weariness I safely reached the mission and friendly hands led me to the Industrial School for word. Women. A month later my son was born. As a Goddess of Mercy, let me hear but once that word means to earn something for food and clothing I That I may laugh through tears and feel at peace. gratefully took up making with my hands the colorful things which ladies in foreign lands like My incense ash has dusted all the floor; to put into their homes. The Goddess has not heard. The word-the word- "Boldly my husband came to claim me, threat- Five years too late. I cannot hear. ening to go to court about it when I refused to * Copyright From The Alliance WeeklY.

of Sin Bondage of Sin Allurement of

COLORED POSTIDR NUMBER 7- THE SIN PICTURES The Use of Chinese Gospel Posters I I~- Prepared by R. W. PORTEOUS, Nanchang, Kiangsi China Inland Mission Bible Training Institute SOME four or five years ago at a monthly mis- similar work might be done in all the military hos- sionary meeting, the writer happened to be pitals throughout the country. Instructions were sitting opposite Madame Chiang Kai-shek. immediately issued to all the military authorities She beckoned me to come over and asked if it to welcome Gospel workers in all such hospitals.

would be possible to get the various missionaries Weekly visits have been maintained in all kinds working in the city to unite in an effort to bring of weather and thousands of suffering men have the comfort of Christ's salvation to the wounded thus heard of Him who suffered, the just and the soldiers in the four large military hospitals in unjust, to bring them to God. As Madame Chiang N anchang. so aptly put it, "Be sure and tell them of the One Thus the work which, during the intervening who suffered more than they ever did!" Hundreds years, has been successfully carried on with the of these men have been brought to a definite ac- blessing of God, began with weekly visits to each ceptance of the message of life in Christ. Not a hospital. On receiving the fi~st annual report, few have died rejoicing in their new-found Sav- Madame Chiang wrote expressing the desire that iour. One or two hundred more have openly con- [412 ]

THE USE OF CHINESE GOSPEL POSTERS

fessed Christ as their Saviour before their offi- one, whose face beamed with happiness, said, "I cers, and several have taken a definite public stand am praying to God three times every day, in the for Him. Now the military prison is being visited morning, and at midday, and in the evening."

weekly by three groups of missionaries; through Here is another incident. On entering a small the generosity of the Bible Societies each of the ward, we found a very sick man, an officer, to' 600 to 700 prisoners have received cloth-bound whom we spoke a few words of co:r:nfort and help. pocket Testaments. Scores of these men are be- The following week we called in to see him again, ing brought to definite decision at the weekly Gos- and found his wife, who was a Christian, at his pel meetings held in the prison. bedside. The patient being slightly better, we Gospel and Wounded Soldiers* were able to have a longer conversation with him and, before we left, he said, "I will believe. Pray In addition to the United Gospel Service held weekly, which all attended who were able to be about, we also had the privilege of visiting the more serious cases in the wards. As we went our round amongst these poor sufferers, many showed great interest in the Gospel and, at times, as we bent over some sufferer, we would hear him say, "Yes, I am praying to Jesus." There were a num- ber of exceptionally bright cases of conversion and several died confessing Christ as their Sav- iour. One young man looked up into the face of the worker who enquired how he was, and said, "No, I do not want food. All I want is Jesus."

One poor fellow, lying on his bed in a state of extreme exhaustion was too far gone to speak, we were told. After several of the other sick ones in that ward had been spoken to, we sang a hymn, followed by a few words of explanation. Suddenly from one of the beds a man called out in quite a loud voice, "I believe on the Lord Jesus." Look- ing round, we found to our amazement that the words came from the lips of this dying man, whom we had been told was too ill to speak. Later on we had a conversation with him, and felt assured il~~.1that his faith was real.

Another case was that of a man who heard the Gospel before he had joined the army, but it was ~J.~J.' only during his stay in the hospital that he de- cided for Christ. As we were bending over a bed ………-., ~f&~~A·-t to speak to a sick man, a voice behind us said, "I …………. believe." Turning around, we found this man who was looking exceedingly weak and ill. He POSTER NO. I-THE DOUBLE FACE smiled and said, "I have read the books you gave me, and now I am trusting the Lord Jesus for salvation. I know He died on the Cross for my for me, and pray with me." On our next weekly sins." He went on to tell us much more, and we visit, as we entered the ward, the dear man's face were amazed at the understanding of the truth he beamed with joy as he said, "I do believe. I am had acquired in so short a time. trusting the Lord for salvation." After we had prayer with him, he himself prayed and gave We were standing in the ward when we saw a thanksgiving to God for all His mercy in saving man beckoning to us. He was very sick with his soul, and granting him remission of sins. His fever, and unable to speak coherently but after a words came feebly, for he was still suffering time we understood that he had attended one of greatly, but we know how well-pleasing to the our Gospel meetings, and now asked if we would Lord such a prayer must have been. A few days pray with him. A patient in the next bed re- later, as we paid our usual visit to the same hosmarked, "He knows how to pray himself. He has pital, we hurried in to see this friend, but instead always prayed before having his food I" Another • From The Chinese Recorder. of being met with his welcoming smile we saw

•..l -«- -itt A ~ ffJ h…, . ,f~ :~ 1 rt ~ 1 NUMBER 2-THE GRACE POSTE'R NUMBER 9-THE TRAIN POSTE'R that his bed was empty; and bedding and every- an excellent method of presenting the Gospel mes- thing else had been removed from it. On enquir- sage to old and young, especially to the illiterate ing from one of the patients near by, we heard in the unreached country districts. The Evan- that he had passed away two days previously. gelistic Bands, mostly supported by local Kiangsi churches, have found them just the thing they One of our workers who was looking around need to grip and hold the attention of those whom the ward, trying to find one of the patients he had they are seeking to interest in the Gospel message. spoken to previously, who had confessed to hav- ing received salvation, was addressed by one of The following is a description of posters pub- the soldiers who said to him, "You are looking for lished during the past six months: So-and-so, but he has gone. As he was dying, he knelt on his bed in prayer before us all." No. 1. The Smiling or Double Face. Showing the blessedness of the man whose sin is forgiven, A great help in this effective and intensive whose iniquity is covered. The face turned round evangelism has been the visualizing of the truths shows sadness. There is "no peace" to the wicked. of the Gospel by means of large, specially pre- pared, illustrated Gospel posters in various colors. No.2. The "Grace" Character. Showing the Christian workers elsewhere have expressed a de- word for "Grace," on the cross which stands at the sire to have these posters published, and over fork roads of life and death. The poster bears twenty have been put through the press; thou- the text: "We have all sinned and come short of sands of these are now in circulation throughout the glory of God." The question is asked, "Friend, China and most encouraging reports are reaching which road are you traveling." us from field workers of our own and other mis- sions. They tell of their usefulness in attracting No.3. The Joy Spring Poster. Showing a the crowds in the marketplaces and country vil- mountain scene with bamboo trees, some of which , lages, also in the city churches, Gospel halls and are cut down and used as water pipes to bring thE: streets. The revival poster was used to stir up fresh mountain spring water down to supply the the Christians in one district to pray for revival needs of the family. The text is: "Now may the and led to a time of real blessing. God of peace fill you with all joy and peace in be- lieving (the water pipe which keeps the Chris- Our student Preaching Bands, sent out from tian filled) that ye may abound in hope through Bible Training Institute in twenty to thirty groups the power of the Holy Ghost." during the past five years have found these posters

Foward Evangelism Posterst NUMBER 8-INVITATION: "COME"

No.4. Large Clock Poster. A clock hung on a large and will look up." Then the prayer in large characters, red cross with the hands pointing to God's hour; "Now "0 Lord revive Thy work and begin in me." is the accepted time." No. 12. True Happiness Poster. This poster is specially No.5. Tke Christian's Two Wings. A mountain scene, designed to take the place of the empty characters diswith one eagle flying, wings outspread, on which is shown played in the homes of the people at the New Year time. the Chinese characters for prayer and Bible study. The The large character which hangs on the Cross, bears the other eagle, perched on the ground trying to fly with only Gospel message in a nutshell. (John 3: 16.) At each one wing, on which is written "Prayer" in Chinese, show- corner there are in four characters, "He that believeth ing how both wings are necessary to become a (soaring) shall be saved." spiritual Christian. Special Offer. A sample copy of each of our local posters, 12 in No.6. The Fundamental Truths of the Gospel. Show- all, will be sent' post free in China only to any address on receipt ing a large "Fuh" (Happiness) character in front of the of $1.0(} either in stamps or C. 1. M. Note. cross, with descriptive sentences of the incarnation, crucifixion, resurrection, ascension.

No.7. The Sin Pictures. Three pictures on one poster: The deceitfulness of sin-a spider's web with insects caught in it.

A prisoner behind the bar, showing the bondage of sin. A black horse galloping towards a precipice-the dan- ger of sin.

No.8. Large character posters (size, 30×22 inches). Price, 5 cents each.

The character for "Come," printed in three different colors, with suitable texts, "Come unto Me," etc.

The character for "Righteousness" in three different colors, with appropriate explanations.

Orders may be sent with stamps or cheque to the Secretary, Bible Training Institute, C. 1. M., Nauchang, Ki.

Sets of Children's Posters, prepared by Miss Florence Luton, size 30×22 inches. Price, 10 cents each; or $1.00 per set of 10 in four colors.

No.9. The Train PostM', showing a man bound to railway track-descriptive of the danger and binding power of sin. The train judgment is seen approaching.

No. 10. Tke Boiling Kettle Poster. Showing a steaming hot kettle with a glowing fire underneath. The locomotive originally came out of the kettle, but as in every country, so in every church, locomotives-outstanding preachersare none too numerous. There is need, however, for a boiling kettle-a red hot witness for Christ-in every home.

No. 11. A Revival Prwyer Poster. Showing a Christian at prayer with his open Bible before him; the clock above him is pointing to 5 a. m. A scroll by the clock bears the verse, "In the morning will I direct my prayer unto Thee t Just published. New Gospel posters prepared by the Nanchang Bible Institute. C. 1. M.• Nanchang, Kiangsi; 42×30 inches; printed in three to four colors; ten cents each.

THE COLPORTEUR TO THE RESCUE Colporteur Lee Hiap Loong in Malaya reports that one day he met an old Hakka lady. He asked her to buy the Scriptures, but she gave no answer, scolding him instead, so he turned away. About a month later he visited the same place, and seeing four young chicks had fallen into the drain, he picked them out. They happened to belong to the old lady, who came out just at that moment and thanked him. She asked if he was still selling the Scriptures, and bought a Mandarin New Testament. Later she went to his house for interviews, and afterwards joined the Church, throwing her idols into the sea.-Fr01n the British and Foreign Bible Society Report.

in the Papuan

The Report of a Recent Trip Among Raw Heathen in the Abau District By RUSSELL W. ABEL, Kwato, Papua * Missionary of the Kwato Mission of Papua LTESS than two years ago (in November, 1935) ney from here on the way to Abau which we at Mr. Cecil Abel of the Kwato Mission, with a length reached on the third day. team of Papuan Christian evangelists visited After which a two and a half hours' journey the unevangelized villages of the Abau or Dore- round the beacons brought us finally to the man- vaidi district of Southeastern Papua. They found grove belt, in a clearing of which is tucked the the people steeped in murder, sorcery, warfare, little station Duram. Here the advance team that filth and many forms of sin. The response of .left Kwato ten days earlier and including Davida, some to the Gospel message was remarkable, espe- Merari, Alice and others, were awaiting us. They cially as these ignorant and degraded primitive had held camps at Segini-a group of villages of people saw and heard what Christ had done for "bush" people, about 700 in all, living up the Rob- their fellow Papuan members of the Christian inson River-and Ganai, a salt-water village of team. Five chiefs asked to return to Kwato with coastal Mailu-speakers. They had had a hard time Mr. Abel in order that they might see for them- at both places. At Segini the people simply took selves the results of the Gospel in the villages to to their heels at the approach of the campers.

the east. They came, they saw and were con- They camped away in their gardens and sent mes- quered by the evidences of the love and power of sages to say: Christ. (See September, 1936, REVIEW.) Then "We don't want missionaries. Weare ignorant they returned to their own villages to tell what Kunikas (bushmen). If you come you will doubt- they had seen and to try to win their people to the less make us wise. What then? Then the Gov- new Way of Life. ernment will say, 'These are not ignorant bush Here is the report of a subsequent trip made by people, they are mission people.' Then we shall Mr. Russell Abel and a Papuan team last May be made to pay taxes like the salt-water people."

when they visited the new district of Keveri and They had thought it all out. They reckoned it revisited the Dorevaidi villages. It is a story of was just a ruse, and they weren't having any!

modern wonders of the power of God to awaken (It should be explained that bush pepole, not hav- and transform ignorant savages through the work ing any means of making money, are exempt from of the Holy Spirit and the simple testimony of taxes.) Christian believers. What would be the results At Ganai it was the same. In the middle of the if such signs were always following those who be- village stands the dubu (temple) with its deeply lieve and follow Christ in America and other parts concave roof and almost vertically pointing gables.

of this disturbed and sin-stricken world! Mr. Within its dark recesses were incarcerated three Russell Abel reports: youths, initiates undergoing their period of seclu- Our team was a motley one, including Frank sion. These ceremonies are accompanied by Briggs (.a white visitor), Tiraka and a number feasts. It may be that the arrival of a team at of Kwato boys, village folk from different parts such an inopportune moment Was a cause of em- of Milne Bay and eleven young fellows from Bu- barrassment. However, the result was the same.

hutu Valley. Splendid workers the latter proved "We don't want you here," they said. "What to be-alert, disciplined, and experienced in per- good are you? Do you offer to pay our taxes for sonal work. Strangely enough a number of them us? No. Do you make our gardens grow any had never even been to Kwato, though they had better? No."- thoroughly assimilated all that Kwato stands for Nevertheless the guidance was for a week-end in the Christian life and testimony. We picked camp back at Ganai, which was held with very up the Buhutu contingent at Konemaiawa, the different results as will be seen.

nearest port of call for Buhutu, and a day's jour- We spent a day of preparation in Duram, dur- ing which the plan became clear to us-our vari- Ne•wThYeoArkm; erW icaanlteHreaMdqcuDaorutgerasll,ofTtrheiassumriesrs.ion is 156 Fifth Avenue, ous responsibilities allocated, and our swags and [416 ] provisions apportioned and packed in readiness. summit of a round-topped hill. A river bordered- One team was to make for Dorevaidi, and one for by trees wound in and out between the hills and Keveri. A third team, including the girls, was across the valley. From our height our boys to spend the week-end at Ganai, and then await eagerly speculated on suitable sites for football word from us before proceeding inland. We were grounds,! Some, really too modern for words, uncertain about what accommodation there would tried to decide upon the best place for a landing be. In fact we were entirely uncertain as to what ground for future aeroplanes! Papua, 1937. lay ahead, except that there was great opposition We returned~all tiredness gone, it is true-to to the Mission in Keveri, ;:tnd that heathen feasts the preparation of our evening meal. and dances (fertility rites) were in full swing in the district, which we learned at Abau, and which Some of the boys wandered up another track, made it still more unpropitious a time to be going which led to a tiny bush village. There were inland. A MUD BESMEARED WIDOW OF THE So we went! KEVERI DISTRICT Sunrise next morning found us aboard the K wato, rounding the beacons on the way to Abau, only two women at home, the rest of the inhabiand threading up the Babaguina River. We had tants having gone to a dance some distance away. morning tea on board, put the Ganai team ashore They told the women we were missionaries. at Ganai, half way up the river, and ourselves further up where the Keveri trail begins. By "Any white men with you?" 10 a. m. we were strung out in a long line, through "Yes." the Babaguina Plantation, and into the forest. "Who? Cecelo or Raso?" (Cecil and Russell We crossed a range of hills. Frank shot a young Abel.) wild boar, and at length we landed on a wide I was thrilled when I heard this, and from river bed (the Godoquina) on the other side of that moment felt no longer a stranger in a the range, at sundown, glad by then to call it a strange land. It was lovely to be known by day. We bathed in the icy, swift-flowing river, name, and in such unfamiliar surroundings. As cooked and demolished the pig, and parked our- we sat down to our meal we kept hearing furtive selvesl under the stars for the night. The next noises in the bush, a twig cracking, a faint rustle. morning, after a very helpful meeting together, We started calling, "Who is there? Is it a perwe set off again, and walked all day. son? Don't be afraid. We are Kwato mission- Two days tramp, boring further and further aries. If it is a person come out and see us." inland, up the stony bed of a rushing torrent, Presently a man cautiously emerged from the over another steep range (3,000 feet), and not a darkness into the light of our hurricane lantern. trace of humanity did we see. Just empty bush He was followed by two women, wrapped in country-miles of it. At sundown we called a bark-cloth blankets, peering over his shoulders. halt at a little clearing in the forest where a rough "barracks" had been erected. We threw ourselves upon the ground. Some started to light a fire and cook our rice. Two or three boys strolled off into the bush. In two minutes they were back, wild with excitement, and shouting, "Weare there! The open Keveri country is close to hand, miles of bare country." They begged us to come and see. "Oh, we are too tired," some of us said.

"Your tirednes,s will disappear when you see this wonderful sight. Ours did!"

We were carried away by their enthusiasm, and all jumped up and followed them up the hill. Suddenly the forest ended and miles of rolling, grassy country opened up to view. It was an exhilarating sight,and utterly unlike Papua. Our lads, never having seen anything but land heavily clothed in deep forest, found it breathtaking. The sun had set and delicious cool breezes swept up the hillsides, rippling the grass. In the distance was a little village perched on the

.One had an infant hoisted on her head. We Bolubaba. He is having a hard time. The peomade great friends with them, and eventually ple of his village have threatend his life and told pursuaded them to share our meal, which they him that if I, or Cecil, or anyone from Kwato appreciated. A shower ended our chat over a visits their village they will kill us. broad leaf piled with rice, and we scrambled into the rickety barracks, where we sang choruses We mounted a steep hill, on a shoulder of which and ended the day with a time of prayer and was perched the fenced village of Bolubaba. praise. There was Elebe, smiling welcome, and thrilled to recognize the members of the team he had met Early next morning we were strung out once at Kwato. Elebe had been led to believe that we more in a long line, crossing the grassy un- were coming and that he was to build a house in dulating Keveri plain. The road wound between readiness. Fortunately Elebe had acted on this conical hills. What villages we saw were perched guidance with the result that in the circle of dirty, on the summits of these hills. Our dinner guest crowded houses was wedged a nice, brand-new of the previous evening joined us as guide, and one, on high stilts, with a little balcony in frontmade himself quite one of the party (a -couple all ready for our occupation. The people were of days, later he was already embarked on the very friendly, and brought stacks of sugar cane Christian life). Women seeing us coming miles of the sweetest, juiciest variety. away, ran up the hills nearest the road, and called down to us as we passed: For the next three days we lived in this heathen village. The inhabitants, are continually sucking "Who are you? Where are you going? Who sugar cane, and throw the chewed refuse over the are the white men?" fence. This bred flies in millions and we could hear a constant hum in the background, like a dis- To this our guide responded: "Missionaries. tant organ. Everything in our little hut was Bolubaba. Raso and his friend. They say, 'Come crawling with flies. and see us at Bolubaba!' " The most curious feature of Keveri men is the On hearing we were missionaries they shouted, custom of wearing seven or eight smooth, horny "Agutoi!" (greetings) the Suau word which they tails from the backs of their heads. These are learned when Cecil and the first team came in- fixed on to the actual hair, permanently, and bound land and visited them eighteen months ago. Fur- tightly in leaf. The whole bunch of tails is then ther along two tall, well-built men, clad in the kept carefully covered with a wrapper that pulls scantiest scraps of bark-cloth, waylaid us and on backwards over the head. A little rattan halo seemed really glad to see us. One, an influential crowns the headdress, with tufts or sprays of casman and the heir of a village chief, said: sowary feathers· at the sides, and a fringe of stiff fibres frames the forehead. Over the fringe is "Cecil talked with me when he was here. He worn the shell homicidal ornament, which begins taught me how to pray to God and I have prayed at the right temple, crosses over the forehead like ever since." a bandeau, and hangs swinging down the left side to the knee. The cap or tail covering is tarred a (This, man is now converted and is coming to shiny black with a filthy mixture of wild syrupy Kwato for training.) honey and soot. And bodies are also shined up with a lacquering of sticky honey! This is in lieu This seems to have been a tactic of Cecil's, as of oil which, like salt, is a commodity entirely lackwe met several who told us this. Groping up- ing inland. The men are murderers. We looked wards toward God, through their ignorant into faces that appeared to be utterly bad. It prayers, had given the Holy Spirit His chance to would be hard to imagine a worse set of ruffians get into their hearts, and we found these marvel- than the male population of Balubaba, taken at lously ready. To others our words were unin- its face value. telligible, but in those, however heathen, who had prayed, there was a responsive chord. In Women seemed to be outnumbered by men, and some way prayer had meant something to them, we were pained to learn that tiny girls were alas they tried to tell us in limited, pidgin Motu, ready wives, and sadly enough wives of grisly old it had made them "feel sweet inside." They men; poor little drudges, cheated of childhood, wanted to know more. One man told me with and working like miniature old women at garden~ bated breath that he knew a little about God; he ing, carrying firewood, peeling and cooking. had been praying secretly, and it had made him strong. Now he is praying openly. Heathen though life in this village appeared, there was at the same time a bright and constant We were making for Bolubaba, Elebe's village. witness by Elebe and two men whom he has won. This man and a friend from further inland, spent These three let what light they had shine out. three months at Kwato, about six months ago, Every time strangers arrived they talked to or and returned, having been converted. Then silence engulfed them. The friend is entirely alone at a village about three days' walk from

EXPERIENCES IN THE PAPUAN BUSH

prayed with them. Often you would hear the "Why had we come?" murmur of prayer in some part of the village. Most important to all of them was the ques- Someone was being taught to look up. Women, tion, "Did we put a travatu–ban or taboo-on starting off for their gardens in the morning, their ceremonies, dances, headdress? If not, would first find one of these men and ask him to should they continue with the festivities that pray with them before they left. The women night? Would it be safe for them to do so?" seemed singularly ripe soil, poor souls. Chris- "Safe?" I queried, "What do you mean by tianity will be all gain to them. Morning and eve- that?" ning prayers were quite an institution in the vil- Well, they explained, if they went, in the face lage, although the antagonism of Mura, the chief, of our disapproval, would we make a prayer to made this difficult. Apart from the above three in- God and bring down His wrath upon them? quirers, there were a few people secretly intrigued There was great fear of this, and it was on this by the "New Way," but afraid of the others. that they really wanted our opinion. There seemed to be open disgust and impatience with the little handful of pioneers. Elebe is quite A KWATO TEAM WORKER AND A NEW CONused to unpopularity now. This was the situation VElRT FROM THE I NTERIOR OF PAPUA we seemed to find everywhere in Keveri. I replied that we had not come to make a lot of When Cecil Abel made his first brief tour of the taboos, or interfere with their affairs. We had district eighteen months ago the people had lis- brought a new kind of life altogether in which God tened attentively to all that the team had had to is our Master and we obeyed Him. They had not say. Many felt glad at the thought of an end of taken that step yet, and so were free to follow the old ways, and hoped the Mission would tame their own wishes. We said that God wanted them them and that killing would stop. But this respon- to turn to Him, not ignore Him. Probably when siveness was soon dispelled by wild reports cir- they changed they would not want many old cusculated as to the awful things it was alleged would toms any more, but in any case there was no happen if people started following the "New Way." "ban." These yarns eventually reached the Government ears and were attributed to distortions on the part This was the answer we felt led to give them, of converts from Dorevaidi (the adjacent inland but they were not quite satisfied. There were at district), misrepresenting what they had learned. least six men, three in Bolubaba, and three from I found no mystery whatever about the origin of other villages with whom some of the team had these stories, and traced them largely to three already had talks, and who were known by all to men, die-hards of the old Papua. They were all be openly "seekers." prominent in the feast and fertility rites that were taking place. Pr6bably the fear that the new "What about them?" the people asked. "Were ideas would upset the ancient traditions and cus- they coming to the feast?" "Well," I said, "I'm toms in which they were important personages, not stopping them. Ask them." made them kick all the more. Anyone, they said, who joined the "New Way" would die. Their gardens would not bear. If they decorated themselves, God would be angry and make the sun wax hot and scorch them to death. There were many other predictions, quite unrepeatable and descending to the ludicrous and the obscene. These primitive, superstitious people with their continual "touch wood" outlook on life, were frightened, and felt it safer to have nothing to do with the new missionary "medicine."

Many of them had very foggy ideas as to what we were. They seemed to regard the Mission as a kind of "government," unarmed, but in league with the unseen, which is far more terrifying to primitives than police, or a term in gaol. Without experiencing this, no one quite feels himself a complete man.

The first afteroon they all crowded round with straightforward questions, which I thought was a sign of intelligence.

One and all refused to go or let their wives go. wouldn't take all this trouble. And we are all too With regard to the latter there was no uncertainty occupied with our old customs even to come and whatever. Why? They said: listen to what you want to bring us."

"All that is darkness. We want you to show us I was quite taken back. The man's conscience light." was pricking; the Holy Spirit was working.

Elebe had thrown away all his sorcery para- The next morning nothing would induce him to phernalia. Some wanted to do likewise. The cere- go back to the long drawn-out festivities. The mony was full of sorcery, and other things for next evening he had given himself to Christ and which all the new converts lost their taste. was drinking in eagerly all we could teach him of the "New Way," and was himself taking part in .a By now the village was ,crowded and the din meeting. If you could have seen the contrast, the was great. There were children everywhere, and unlikelihood, humanly speaking, of such a thing women busy with cooking the evening meal in happening, you would be able to marvel, as we ingenious ovens of hot stones. Out came drums marveled, at the mighty power of God, who hears and headdresses, and conceited youths, eaten up and answers prayer. with pride in themselves, swanked about in their glory, danced, flaunted their feathers, and dis- The next day was the extra day we were led to charged their surplus energy on their drums. spend at Bolubaba. It coincided with the monthly Day of Prayer at Kwato. Many all over the world I asked a small boy, with a daub of red paint on were praying with us specially on that day. It his nose, whether he would like to come to Duram was a glorious day of witness and God gave us for a while and go to school. He swaggered up many opportunities on every hand to talk to peoand down among the crowd, looking comical with ple individually of Him and His way of life for bright red nose, shouting, "I'm going to Duram! them. We entered the people's houses freely, and I'm going to be a missionary!" although a few seemed impatient, most welcomed us and gave us the feeling that a great harvest Suddenly all decided it was time to clear off to was about to be reaped. That afternoon I was the scene of the night's revels, a little village privileged to be present at a little meeting of higher up the hill where food was displayed from Keveri converts – some could only just be called stands and trees, like a harvest thanksgiving. The that-and it was a joy to hear them sharing for drums accompanied a complete abandon to animal the first time their new experiences, and the thrillspirits all through the night. ing first steps that they were being guided to take.

The following day we spent in an empty village We had some good public meetings, in which I -that is to say empty except for the little handful refuted, or tried to, the wild rumors that had been who were occupied with higher things than the connected with our aims in coming among them. parade of world, flesh and devil that was going on The testimony of the Buhutu members of our team elsewhere. We had good talks with these few, but was a great help. They were able to tell a woncould not help feeling we had cornea long way to derful story of what had happened in their own visit a ring of empty houses. "bush" district, of communal life collapsing through fear of sorcery; of villages scattered We were convinced that we were to fight this through internal hatreds, and of the big change situation with prayer, and not accept defeat. We when individuals began letting God into their prayed for those dancers, asking God to bring hearts and lives; of the new, reconstructed life of them to an end of themselves, to satiation and to Buhutu with its flourishing, progressive villages stir them to some vision of the futility of the old controlled by God. They told the story well and degrading life. We prayed until we felt sure of made it personal as they told of their own inditwo things: first that we, that is the few of us vidual part in an this, their own surrender to who were passing through, should remain at Bolu- Christ. These converted "bush" lads were keen baba another day, and second, that all defeatism to do their part in the camp, and an important and any barriers in us had been surrendered and part it was. God's peace filled us instead. The end of this story has still to be told, as I The day wore on with its deserted, "Sunday-in- was only a member of a sort of "flying squad," Scotland" air, but that evening things began to making a hurried round. We set off from there, happen. We were settling down to our evening leaving the main team to carryon, to be reinmeal when a man returned from the feast caned forced later by Davida's team who were working me out. He wanted to apologize for his behavior, up towards Keveri from the Dorevaidi direction. and seemed most upset. We set our faces towards Dorevaidi, passing a filthy, dirt-strewn village where a feast had been "Why, what have you done?" I questioned. held, and later another village, Mukawala, where "Oh," he said, "this is the first time you have ever been to Keveri, and we all cleared out and left you. You have come all this way to teach us something. It must be something great, or you

festivities were in full swing. (They celebrated in The village and its inhabitants are clean; flower a different village each night.) This village too gardens are in front of the houses and a cleanwas in a filthy state, and the jaded crowd gath- swept air made us want to rub our eyes and make ered there looked worn out. They had been at it sure we were seeing straight. all night and looked fed up. Food lay about everywhere, and on a tall tripod where it had been dis- We were given a warm-hearted welcome. At played were still hanging gruesome-looking black- Keveri we had bought all our food from the nasmoked kangaroo-shrivelled and contorted, and tives, rather than have to carry supplies all the coils of smoked python. There were a lot of young way. At Bolubaba we had had a daily hoi-hoi fellows there, poor lads with evil faces, destined (market) when they had brought taitu (food) to for something far better. I compared them with be exchanged for salt. The food was poor, the some of the youth at Kwato, Sariba, Milne Bay good stuff having been devoted to feasting. Now and Bohutu. They were very cordial. We greeted at Ukoudi when women rolled up with net bags them all and hurried on our way as we had a long full of very excellent sweet potato and taro, as a march ahead. I prayed as I walked that God matter of course I opened the swag, and delved would capture the youth of Keveri, and show us for salt to pay them. how to train our own youth into an army of evangelists for the inland frontier. In response to my "Oh," they said reproachfully, "this isn't hoiprayer God gave me a distinct vision about this. hoi. This is our gift. We want you to feel that Three youths running after us asked me about this is your village too. All our food is yours." their dancing. From then onwards-and we stopped at Dore- "Why," they asked, "don't the 'changed ones' vaidi, Nebulu, Makaca and Kurondi and Domara join us?" -not once did we have to buy food. It was heaped upon us at each place and we did not know Elebe was with us so I asked him, "When you how to get through it. were at Kwato did anyone tell you not to dance?" I cannot describe the change, the difference, in "No," he replied. these villages. Dorevaidi is now like a well-run "Then why didn't you join last night? These mission station. The things one noticed first were boys want to know." cleanliness and discipline, and children playing- Elebe thought for a while, then smiled and a lovely sight that made one feel the Lover of chilpointed upwards. He added, "I have no wish to dren was there. We spent two nights at Dorego back to an that." (He would not leave his wife vaidi in a beautiful big house especially built for in that village for a moment-even in the day- the Mission, and had some great times with the time.) people. The reason why things are going ahead there is that the Christians are constantly on the I told them that God had a far better life for job, linking up with other villages further on. them and they were the ones to lead Keveri out of the old ruts and to take the "New Life" to new The farthest outpost is now Orodei, two days' districts. I said we didn't ban those things. journey beyond Dorevaidi, and we are expecting There was no need to. the first converts from Orodei to arrive at Kwato for training. "Wait till you are changed," I said, "you will have not time for such things then. Your lives Two men from Keveri came straight down to will be too full of real things. Like Elebe you the coast, to return to Kwato with us. One was will find, when you give yourselves to God, that the chief of Bolubaba, Mura, who has been a hot you won't care about an that. There is no ban opponent, and whom I was led to invite. To the for you. The only law we have who follow the amazement of all he consented to come. The 'New Way' is to obey God. That does not apply other man was a complete surprise, and the sequel to you yet." to our prayers for Mukawala. Apparently imme- diately after we had left that village the chief I reminded them that whether their tribes pro- leader of ceremonies also left. He announced that gressed, or remained chained to old things, de- he was sick of the whole business and was going pended on them, and prophesied that one day to Bolubaba to find something better. His friends they would open the way for God over those hills quarreled violently about this, but he said, inland. They looked wistful. "Why is it that people have come from every vil- Please pray that prophecy to its fulfilment. lage on the Keveri side for this feast and none We marched through the forest for two hours from Dorevaidi side? Because they are too busy and we emerged upon the village of Ukoudi. Here with new things while we are wasting our time a surprise awaited us. This is a new Christian with old rubbish." village that has recently been entirely rebuilt. The contrast with Mukawala we found a bit sudden! So he walked out on his own party and is now There are fine big houses, facing a lovely river. learning God's will for Mukawala at Kwato.

TO NEW FIELDS IN THE ANGLO-EGYPTIAN

Work in Ethiopia and the Sudan By TOM LAMBIE, M.D., Sc.D., F.R.G.S.

Missionary of the Sudan Interior Mission DECENT events in Ethiopia have emphasized A few months ago things in Ethiopia looked dis- ~ anew the unwillingness of the Roman Cath- couraging while recent reports are more prom- olic Church to countenance the presence of ising. We must be patient and see. In the mean- Protestant mISSIOnaries in countries dominated time there has been much disruption in Protestant by their influence. We can understand this feel- mission work. According to our latest reports ing although we do not sympathize with it. thirty-five of Sudan Interior missionaries are to be permitted to stay but these are less than half There seems to be some agreement between the Papal hierarchy and Fascist Rome; but there are of the force two years ago. This Mission, which also points of disagreement between them. The has united with the Abyssinian Frontiers Mission, desire to expel Protestant missionaries from cen- has decided to open a new work on the Anglo- tral Ethiopia may be inspired from the Vatican Egyptian Sudan side of the Abyssinian border in but Fascist Italy may also desire to have none but fulfilment of a former expectation. Italian subjects in Ethiopia, because they might interfere with a strict dictatorship. Mus'solini When Dr. Roland V. Bingham and the writer visited the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan last March the· would like to have things his own way without any Governor-General, Sir Steward Symes, in his first adverse comments from non-Italians. While such sentence remarked: "You do not need to convince an exclusive policy remains in force it makes me of the benefits of Christian missions. I have Protestant missionary work difficult if not impos- seen them at work and am convinced of their sible; even French and other non-Italian Catholic value."

missionaries have been expelled. Two weeks in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was [422 ]

THE CONQUERING POWER OF CHRIST

much too brief a time for a real survey, but we the missionaries who are rendered homeless by were able to make a trip to the Blue Nile and the Italian occupation of Abyssinia. We hope to southern Fung area in a Ford V-8. South of open stations at once at Wisko and Kurmuk. The Khartoum we saw the Gezira irrigated area where latter town is on the Abyssinian border. Gedaref, thousands of acres are being cultivated to grow Kassala, Gallabat and other populous areas are some of the finest cotton in the world. This area on the Sudan Abyssinian border and are accessible was desert a few years ago. by train and motor car.

Wad Medami is a thriving city; farther south The whole area, from the Red Sea westward to are Singa and Sennaar; large villages, practi- Nigeria, is practically without Christian witness. cally all Mohammedan, dot the landscape. Still The United Presbyterians have missions at Kharfarther south, we traveled into the tropical forest toum and on the Sobat River; the Church Miswhere thorny trees are interspersed with enor- sionary Society workers are at Omdurman and in mous baobab trees, fantasic leafless giants which the far south; the Sudan United Mission workers are among the most curious trees in the world. are at Melut and .the Nuba Mountains. These are Still farther south, about seventy miles from only bright spots on an immense expanse of un- Roseires and only thirty or forty miles from Abys- evangelized territory. sinian border, are the Inghesana hills with curious rock formations like dolmans; here a range We flew from Khartoum to Kano, from the Nile of hills rises to a heighth of two thousand feet to the Niger, and until almost at the end of the above the flat Sudanese plain. journey, Maidukuri in Nigeria, a distance of nearly two thousand miles, we did not pass over On the sides of these hills and in the valley live any mission station. From Khartoum to Red Sea the Inghesana people from whom the hills take we would not have passed over any, excepting at their names. They are simple farm people who Khartoum itself. grow Kaffir corn in large quantities and have fine cattle. From the dom palm trees they gather What a privilege to have fellowship with our enormous quantities of dom nuts, the kernels of Lord in sacrificial service. This is not an easy which are intensely hard vegetable ivory. field, and we would urge no one to offer them- selves for service here unless they are prepared to These people are without any knowledge of sacrifice and endure hardships. Christ or in the ways of European civilization. If let alone they will soon become Islamized. To We covet your prayers and fellowship as we these people we are planning to go, with some of once more go forward in His Name.

The Conquering Power of Christ L _.o~ By PROFESSOR JULIUS RICHTER, Berlin, GermanYII~o,- O NCE more in our times there is an all-world in a few years or decades. They forget that none discussion of the greatest powers at dis- of these past empires have outlasted even a single posal of the human race. There are four generation; they were similar to Daniel's great different views. image, of imposing brightness yet with clay feet, and a single great stone cut out without hands, One group regards military armaments for smote the image upon his feet' of iron and clay land, sea and air as the greatest force; they lose and broke them to pieces. The iron, the clay, the sight of what has been so irrefutably proved by brass, the silver and the gold were broken to the Great War: that a sudden change of com- pieces and became like the chaff of the summer binations can cause such a transformation of the threshing floors! opposing fronts to emerge that all former calculations are void and futile. Others again think of money as the greatest power. Yet no country was ever able to amass Others think that if some great military genius, such riches of gold and silver and diamonds as like Alexander the Great or Julius Cresar or Na- Spain gathered to itself in the sixteenth century, poleon or Girgis Khan, emerges he will simply or the Inca Kingdom in Peru in the preceding sweep the globe and build up a world empire with-

century. Both of these countries were completely those curious mystery religions invading the Ro- impoverished within one short century and there man Empire from the East and for some centuries has been no recovery even after four or five cen- competing with each other, the balance for a cen- turies. Nothing is more perishable than material tury and a half being doubtful if Mithraism or wealth. Christianity at the very end would get the upper At present there appears to be a general over- hand. Christianity, to general surprise, turned valuation of the power of nationalism; it inspires out victorious, though an all-powerful army was people with a new vigor comparable to a mighty on the side of Mithraism. Yet that Mithraism was stimulant, with a gigantic explosive power, such a spent force to such extent that only the most as we see in Japan, for example. Yet in the his- modern research after fifteen hundred years has tory of the human race, which we know through rediscovered that a long long time ago it was conthe last six or seven thousand years, such national sidered a dangerous rival to Christianity. explosions are almost like the passing bubbles in Why has not Christ been forgotten? Why has a rushing stream; they change color or direction Christianity gone on victoriously? The next seven with the current for a short time, and then the or eight hundred years after Constantine were a wonderful age when all Keltic, Teutonic, Nordic, force is spent. and Slavic tribes exchanged their outworn tribal There is only one Power which through two religions for Christianity. Most of them, of their thousand years has never relaxed and which even own free will, preferred the new Christian relinow is showing no sign of evanescence, that is the gion and considered it the earnest of a new era in Spirit and power of Jesus Christ. Imagine that their national ascendency. you stood under the cross of Jesus in the time of Pontius Pilate and of Caiaphas, the High Priest. So it has gone on through the centuries; and it What would they have said? They would have is a fascinating history to follow, tracing the adpointed in scorn at the young man on the gibbet; vancing Christian faith across land and sea, from a poor artisan from an obscure corner of Galilee, continent to continent. The world missionary at the frontier of heathendom. They would have movement is the vanguard of the advancing power said that He had been parading for two years, like of the Spirit of Christ. some scores of other upstarts, as the promised Messiah, and that the faithful nation of Jews had Here is one point of orientation in our modern discarded him; the political power of Rome had world-wide campaign. We look back on two thoualso justly put him away as a rebel; the highest sand years of victorious advance, no world power ecclesiastical authority had also condemned him we know of has in any respect a comparable as a blasphemer. Of course they would have said record. We study the particular energies which that this Jesus was discredited and destroyed even Christianity has supplied at different times and more than any other previous upstart messiah. among different nations. We ,admire that won- Even the small group of his adherents had de- derful adaptability which could fit into the speserted him. He was ending in shame and despair, cial environment it was facing in different counfor they had heard his last words: "My God, why tries and races; we wonder how it could integrate hast thou forsaken me?" and develop to a higher perfection all spiritual and rational equipments; how it could become in- What would Pontius Pilate have said if you had digenous to such an extent that St. Mary is looked hinted to him that within three of four centuries upon as Polish in Poland and the Sainted Virgin the emperor of the Roman empire would bow his of Guadeloupe has become Aztec in Mexico. With knees before the name of this Jesus and, with the Greeks Christianity developed their philosognashing teeth, would confess: "Thou has con- phy; with the Romans this new faith promoted quered, 0 Galilean!" All types of historians have statecraft; with the Germans "the Holy Roman pondered over the victorious Power which in so Empire became of German nationality" as the short a time was pervading and recasting the earthly incarnation of the Kingdom of God; with mightiest empire the world had yet known. Many the British Christianity inspired their imperial reasons have been advanced but, whatever causes progress with religious responsibility. The relimay have contributed, there can be no doubt that gion of Jesus Christ is still proving its divine the one underlying spiritual Power has been the origin by its wonderful flexibility and power to Christ, himself, the Power of God and the Wis- become all things to all nations, to rejuvenate, dom of God. and purify and enrich all. Missionary-minded' Christians pause for a moment, we look around History did not end at the cross or with the con- and take up our spiritual armor and battle cry quest of the Roman empire. Someone might have anew: In hoc signo vincemus. "Under this ban- imagined that Christianity had been only one of ner we conquer."

Women's Work in a Country

By MRS. JAMES D. WYKER The Federated Church, North Jackson, Ohio "JUST what is woman's work in the country to church rolls and having contests to increase at- church?" I asked a little lady with snow- tendance. He was not a Presbyterian or a Bap- white hair who has been a life-long member tist or a Methodist seeking to sprinkle or immerse, but a Christian out to reveal God, change life and of one. save individuals. He insisted ona decent society "Why paying the preacher and keeping up the in which religious people might be more religious; He desired that the hungry might be fed. He had church building repairs," she answered. Then no fear and did not hesitate to condemn sin whershe hesitated and added, "And, of course, mission- ever he found it, even the corruption of the politiary giving. Women have always done that. Not cal system of his day. People believed Him not many, but a few of us alway.s send in our appor- only because of words He spoke but because they tionment to the Board." saw a radiant personality on fire with a divine message – a man who lived what He preached. "And for what is the missionary money used?" I inquired again. The country church today has the unique oppor- tunity of carrying on this same simple kind of re- "Preaching the Gospel," came back emphatically. "Saving souls."

I went next to an enthusiastic young minister's wife who, with her husband, has dedicated her ligion, unhampered by big church-building debts, life to the work of the rural church. set forms and ceremonies, large maintenance ex- pense. Because of the unique position of the coun- "What is woman's work in the country church?" try church, rural women have unusual oppor- I asked. tunities.

"Helping her church rethink its reason for In the first place, the farm home continues to existing," came the unhesitating reply, "urging it be something of a unit even in a complex, modern to place life ahead of creeds; showing that its world. There are chores to be done and responfield is THE COMMUNITY and that every unreached sibilities that need to be placed on young shoulperson is a responsibility of the church. All of this-with the belief that sharing the message of ders. The family shares many experiences, even Jesus Christ around the world is a task for the its social life, and the minister of the rural church entire church." ministers to the entire family. Woman's work in the country church is first of all to recognize this In her enthusiasm she had generalized, but as and try to preserve family unity, for it is a real I talked with her later I received specific answers in very definite terms. asset to church life.

As I talk with rural church women today, I find The rural woman in many communities today is many eagerly and earnestly agreeing with this faced with the fact that her children attend a fine, young minister's wife. well-equipped Consolidated School during the week The function of the rural church woman has and, on Sunday, must leave their friends and go (if they go) to a small, competitive, denominachanged today because the program of her church tional church. She realizes that though the docis changing. And is it surprising that her church trines of her church are important and she will program is changing to meet new needs? The probably continue to believe them, the emphasis heart of her work continues the same-the shar- of religion today should be, as in the ministry of ing of the teachings and message of a young, rural Jesus, on life. She realizes that if the rural church evangelist, Jesus Christ; but her method of work is to continue its ministry, Christians must learn is changing as she finds the experience of her children to be different from her own a genera- to work together and in cooperation with other tion ago. character building agencies. Small, competitive The religion of Jesus was very simple. Grow- churches, unable to support a resident minister, ing up in a country home, his school the country- will find it difficult to challenge other cooperating side, the beauty of the out-of-doors keeping him groups in the community and to do much about close to the heavenly Father, He grew to under- the large, unreached number of people within its stand and sympathize keenly with people and their boundaries. problems. Religion to Him was not adding names Another responsibility of the c.ountry woman [425 ]

today is to develop an interest in her church for petuation of the Woman's Missionary Society, as wholesome recreation, especially for young peo- such. They do not seem to care that the men are ple. It is unnecessary for rural youth to drive indifferent to the missionary program of the into the city for commercialized "wreck-reaction" church and that the majority of the children and when the country has so much to offer in recrea- young people are unreached. Again it is organ- tion activities. Rural recreational leaders, arti- ization, rather than life. If only our vision could sans in leading folk games and other forms of co- enlarge to see the whole, to know that most men operative play are being developed. Some rural and children and young people are interested once communities have the satisfaction of seeing their they know! Someone has facetiously said that for young pople interested in worthwhile social life, too long in our church work, men have sung: in which the majority participate, while the public Take my wife and let her be dance halls and the beer gardens move out of the Consecrated, Lord, to Thee.

community. Most of us who have tried to interest our men "Camps for Mothers" are very valuable in many and boys, with the same fervor and intelligence rural communities. It seems unbelievable, but we have used in the women's missionary work, rural mothers are finding they can lay aside for a have found them responsive and interested. Just few days the responsibilities of home and family as the church should see that the religion of Christ and go off for recreation in the out-of-doors. permeates all groups and agencies in the commu- Many farm women discover unusual beauty at nity, so the Woman's Missionary Society should their very doorsteps. The busy, crowded days at see that the cause of missions is enthusiastically home and the fact that the sunrise, the moon, the trees, the stars "have always been there" has shared with all groups. I know a mother, a memkept many of these women from being conscious ber of a Woman's Missionary Society, who comes of these "aids to worship." home from the missionary meetings and usually says, as she sighs, "Well, that's over for another One rural parish in New York state has built its month" and then wonders why her husband and own cabin in a woods and each year the farm . daughter are not interested in missions! mothers look forward to the cherished days of Jesus had a high regard for womanhood. In rest and relaxation. A rural cooperative church the centuries following his death on the Cross, in Ohio has a camp of its own where each year, woman has achieved more freedom and education. along with other age groups, the rural women live I wonder sometimes, as He watches the Marys and together for a few days. These women look for- Marthas of our rural homes today, if He does not ward to the discussion periods each morning fol- wish we would follow Him more intelligently and lowing the nature hike when they consider such give more time and thought to His work. I wontopics as "Family Worship," "Personal and Home der if He watches eagerly for a Mary Magdalene Relationships," and "The Missionary Task of the as He sees us drag about our church work, giving Church." In the afternoon they read, sleep and only left-over time, attending the Ladies' Aid and rest, following the creative craft period, and then the preaching services because we think we go swimming. After the evening meal, they walk should, and giving to missions only after we have over the ravine and climb up Vesper Hill where, paid for new clothes and other things. away from all worry and burdensome responsi- A story is told of an old colored woman sitting bility, they "draw near to God." on the steps of a church during a Woman's Rights If rural women are to have new visions for meeting in Akron, Ohio, in 1851. She listened to work in the country church today, they must take the fiery speeches by the men for quite awhile, de- time from their labors for rebuilding and rethink- nouncing the idea that women should vote, deny- ing. Out in these well-planned camps (where ing her intelligence, etc. Finally, unable to stand there are no meals to cook and no dishes to wash) it any longer, the old woman walked to the front they find their physical bodies relaxing and rest- of the church, pointed her finger at the men and ing while, at the same time, their spiritual life is said, "If de fust woman God ever made turned quickened. Tired mothers go away more radiant, dis world upside down all by herself, dese women happy Christians. If only rural women would all togedder can set it right side up again and you look about them and discover the material avail- men better let 'em do it."

able for use! If only they would insist on having I pause to wonder what the future of the coun-, a minister trained for his task, knowing and lov- try church might be if rural women "all togedder"

ing rural folk, they would find material and re- would consecrate themselves to the building of sources at hand. . the New Rural Church, where Christians would There are many Woman's Missionary Societies put life ahead of dead dogma and where the coun- (and they are not all in the country) that seem tryside might again hear and share the message to believe that the ultimate goal in life is the per- of the rural teacher, J.esus of Nazareth.

Arab Consults a Missionary Doctor*

A Monolog Purporting to Giv~ the Reaction of an Arab Gentleman of Baghdad to the Christian. Message By the REV. JAMES CANTINE, D.D., Stone Ridge, New York One of the Founders of the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church in America Persons: pital? Well you can go down and, if you see him, Abd el Kadir, a well-to-do Arab. ask him to come up. . . . Wait! Before you go Zarifa, one of his wives, very ill. open this door by my side and stretch a curtain Amina, his daughter, eight or nine years old, attend- across the doorway. Then tell the servants to bring Zarifa in that room and lay her down by ing mission school. the curtain." Ahmed, his son, fifteen or sixteen, attending Govern- (Servant goes out.) ment School of Engineering. Abdullah, his servant, probably of slave descent. The American missionary doctor.

Place: "I take refuge with God from a house full of women! I hope that doctor will not mind being Abd el Kadir's reception room, long and narrow, with asked to give medicine to a woman." (Turning to chairs and little tables down each side. Doors at curtain.) "Ha, Zarifa, now stop that crying! I each end. Just outside the entrance door Abdul- know it hurts, but it is God's will, is it not? Every- lah is stationed with a charcoal fire for keeping thing that happens is written in His book. Listen, the coffee hot. The door at the head of the room I have sent for the American doctor and, if God where Abd el Kadir is seated opens into another wills, he will give you ·some medicine. Only be room. quiet.

When Abdullah is called he enters and crouches down "Ah, here he comes." (Arises, steps forward before his master. The children kiss the hand of and touches the hand of the doctor.) their father and stand until bidden to be seated. "May God make your morning happy, 0 doc- Abd el Kadir is seated, fingering his beads. He listens, frowns and calbs out, "Abdullah !" tor. In the name of God be seated. If it pleases (The servant enters and Abd el Kadir speaks.) God you are well? Praise be to God I am very "Abdullah, what is this screaming about? well. "You say that Zarifa is very sick! Yes, I know. "Do you drink? smoke? No?" (Calls to Abdul- lah.) That slave woman has been here and has cauter- "Abdullah, coffee! …• ized her, has she not? They are paid according "I have had my servant ask you to come in, 0 to the number of burns they make so I suppose doctor, so that you might, if God wills, give medi- they have done a good job. cine to one of my women. It is scarcely worth "But you say that she gets no better, and that while taking your valuable time, but you were the other women object to her cries and say I passing by and- Yes, that is she whom you hear must do something. God deliver me from such moaning behind the curtain. You can ask her evil! What can I do about it? It is all as God any question you wish. She has been sick severa} wills. I could divorce her. That is easy; just to days and they say she is getting worse.

say three times 'I divorce you' . . . "Oh, no! You cannot see her, but I will let you "Yes, I know, her family is important and I feel her pulse. Zarifa, put your hand under the.

cannot send her away sick as she is. curtain. There doctor!

"What is that you say? . . . Why don't I send "Yes, I expect she is very ill.

for the American doctor? What do you know "You say that if you saw her you might help about him? her? But that is quite impossible. From the time "You hear he is clever and you think he has a I took her no man but myself has seen her face.

kindly face. And he passes by the door every "You say that she may die? That is as God morning about this time on his way to his hos- wills…. You are sorry that there is no woman • Copies of this monologue may be secured from The Woman's doctor here, and you hope that sometime you will Board of Foreign MiSSions, Reformed Church in America, 25 East have a woman doctor to work in your hospital?

22d Street, New York, for ten cents a CODY.

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As God wills! . But you can give her medicine "And how is my little daughter today? Sit to keep her quiet, can you not? I will send my servant to the hospital for it. down here on this cushion by your father's side.

"And your fee, 0 doctor? Your lips are cold, Amina, where have you been? "What, no regular fee? You say that I can give what I wish! Very well, I will send it to the hos- "You are just back from school? Tell me about pital by Abdullah. It will not be a very large fee, but if you get enough of them you will one day that school. It is the American school, is it not? be rich, will you not? "What is this you say? You do not keep these Do you like it? fees for yourself, but use them to buy medicines for the very poor! Ah, that is almsgiving. Alms- "You do! Why? .. You like the school begiving is one of the five pillars of our faith as given to us by our prophet Mohammed, upon cause the teacher is so kind? Is that all? whom be prayers and peace! "Pardon me, 0 doctor, but before you go will "You say that she talks so nice about God! you tell me how you live if you take no fees for yourself? We know your government does not What does she say about God? . . . That He pay you as some governments pay their doctors. "What! You say that the Christian people of loves you and that you must be a good girl and try America send you money enough for your expenses, because their religion tells them to help to please Him. And have you learned about the other people? I am surprised! I did not know the Christian religion was like that. holy prophets, Amina? Which one do you like "Just one more question. Will you tell me why you left America and came here? It seems you best? will not get rich in Baghdad; it is not a very healthy climate for foreigners and you are far "The prophet Jesus! And why do you like the away from your friends. "You say that you have come because you love prophet Jesus best? . . . You say because He the prophet Jesus and want to follow His example. . . . And now you want to ask me a question! took little children in his arms and talked so nicely That is only fair. "Do I know about the prophet Jesus? Oh, yes, to them. But has she not taught you about the the Holy Koran tells us that He was without sin and did many miracles like the other prophets. prophet Mohammed, upon whom be prayers and "Yes, there may be more about Him in your book, but you know that the prophet, Mohammed, peace? upon whom be prayerl and peace, is the seal of all the prophets and that is enough for us. "Nq! Well, Amina, I think it is time for you "You wish I would read more about the prophet Jesus? Well, 0 doctor, some time, if God wills it, to go to another school where you can learn all I will look for a book that tells more about him. "Will you be going now? I am obliged to you. about our holy religion of Islam. Go in the safety of God!" "What! You don't want to go! Now don't cry, (As the doctor goes out, Abd el Kadir continues.) my daughter, don't cry. Perhaps I will leave you "That doctor seems a good man and he does awhile longer in the American School. But tell have a kindly face. Perhaps some time I might be interested in knowing more about the prophet me what else you learn besides reading and Jesus. writing. "Abdullah! Did you take Zarifa to her room and shut the door so that her crying will not "Oh! To sew ? You make dresses for little annoy the other women. Here, take five rupees to the hospital and bring back some medicine for her. girls? But that is foolish; your father can buy Wait! Is Amina about the house? Send her in to me." all the clothes you need.

(Enters Amina and kisses her father's hand.) "You say that they are not for yourself, but for the poor little girls in the school who do not have good dresses! Well! Well! You can go now, 0 my daughter, go and play." (He soliloquizes.) "Now what shall I do? There is nothing to which I can object, but I am afraid of that Chris- tian school. But that reminds me!" (He calls.) "Abdullah! Tell Ahmed that his father wants to see him." (Ahmed enters and stands before his father.) "Ahmed, I am much displeased with you. Some- one saw you going into the house of the American preacher. Is that right? So? Sit down. How did you come to know him?

"He gave a lecture in your school about sanita- tion in America, did he? What does he know about sanitation?

"Oh, he was an engineer before he was a preacher, was he? Well, all that is the business of your principal. But why did you go to his house? _ "You say that he asked the boys to come and'

see some pictures he had brought from America?

Pictures? Why, Ahmed. Now I a.m angry! You know I have forbidden you to go and see those dreadful, disgraceful American pictures!

"But these were not cinema pictures? What then?

AN ARAB CONSULTS A MISSIONARY DOCTOR

"Pictures of bridges and public buildings in that knows me see you buy it. I would be dis- America and England and Russia 1 God curse the graced if it were known that I wanted a Christian Russians, they make it very hard for a good Mos- book. Be careful about that.

lem to live in Russia. But did he say anything "What 1 You have such a book. What does this about religion? . .. He did 1 What? mean? You a MOi>lem and my servant, having "That there is freedom for all religions in such a book 1 How did you get it?

America 1 But, Ahmed, you don't want to know "You say that you were going past a shop and about any other religion than Islam. . . . You you heard someone reading out of a little book do? Why? about the prophet Jesus, and it seemed such good "You will not feel educated -like the boys in words that you bought it.

other countries-unless you know about other re- "You have it here? Give it to me at once so ligions? (Abd el Kadirshakes his head in dis- that I can tear it up." (Abdullah takes a little sent.) And did he say anything about his reli- Gospel from unde~ his garment and gives it to his gion? master.) "So he talked about the prophet Jesus and His "Go away I" (Abdullah leave'S the room.) teaching 1 Well, you have heard enough about "Shall I tear it up? But it may have the name that, ·so do not go again. . . . But you want to of God written in it and I cannot harm that Holy go next Sunday with the other boys? What boys? Name. And this may be the book I wanted to "Well, if the judge and those other men let their buy. . . . I shall just see how it begins. (Turns sons go, I suppose I ought not to object. What is to the beginning-it would be the end of the book he going to talk about? to us-and reads.) 'In the beginning was the "Oh, yes 1 I did see a notice of it in the paper. Word.' The Word? Why that is the name the It says he is giving a series of lectures on the Holy Koran gives to the prophet Jesus. Can there prophet Jesus-His Teaching about Personal Hab- be truth in this book? . . .

its, and Family Life, and Government. Now see "Shall I see what is marked? (Turns pages and here, Ahmed, you go next Sunday and then come reads.) 'I am the way and the truth and the and tell me all about it so that I can correct what life.' The Way? Why we pray five times a day is wrong. . . . That is all, 0 my son I" (Ahmed and ask Allah to 'Lead us in the "right way.'" kisses his father'lS hand and retires, being careful Here is someone who says, 'I am the Way.' Who not to turn his back upon his father.) could say that (reads) 'Jesus Said.' I don't under- "Now, what shall I do about these, my children? stand. He is a holy prophet, but how could he Amina-it would break her heart if now I took say that He is the way to God? . . .

her away from the American School. And then "I will read in just one more place. (Turns I am told that she is a much better girl at home pages and reads.) 'Because I live ye shall live than she used to be-more obedient, kinder and also.' Did Jesus say that? Yes? Strange 1 Of does not use bad words. Shall I send her to an- all the prophets Jesus is the only one our Holy other school and have her become a good Moslem, Koran says did not die, but is now alive in heaven. or shall I let her remain where she is and have Can this be the ground for His saying that those her grow up to be a good woman? who believe in Him shall be with Him in paradise?

"And Ahmed 1 It seems that the young men of "What book is this? Why have I never seen it today want to see all things and decide for them- before? Is this the book I half promised the doc- selves; and they cannot be ruled as I was ruled tor I would read some day? Will it tell me about by my father. It will be better if I try to guide the Jesus that my little daughter loves? Are there Ahmed away from these Christian influences. here the teachings of Jesus that my son wants to Perhaps I ought, myself, to know more about the know about? Shall I, dare I, read it from begin- prophet Jesus. That doctor wants me to know ning to end?

more about His teaching. And I would like to "Surely I am a Moslem. (Recites the creed.) know why my little daughter loves Jesus more 'There is no God but God, and Mohammed is the than she loves Mohammed, upon whom be prayers prophet of God.' But Jesus is our prophet also.

and peace. If I find out the falseness of the teach- Who can forbid me knowing all I can about him?

ing of Jesus then I can correct Ahmed's wrong "If the story of Jesus can make a man like the impressions. doctor come out here just to follow His example; "But where can I get a book about the prophet if this story makes my little daughter love Jesus Jesus? I will ask Abdullah. whom she has never seen; and if it makes my son "Abdullah 1 Abdullah, is there a bookshop in want to know about His teaching, then I ought to the city where they sell books about the prophet read it. (Puts the book reverently on the table.) Jesus? . . . There is 1 Well, I want you to go And if here is the 'straight path' we pray that and buy me such a book. But don't let anyone we may follow, dare I walk therein? God Knows."

Unchanging Missionary

A Challenge and Appeal of Fifty Years Ago* By ARTHUR T. PIERSON Editor-in-Chief of the "Review" for Twenty-three Years. This Year Is the Centenary of His Birth THE argument and the appeal in behalf of These providential signals, and these gracious missions are unsurpassed for variety and signs, being once truly recognized and realized, cogency. . . . The very watchword of the make duty a delight; the work of missions be- Christian life is obedience, and our great Captain comes no longer the cold necessity of obedience, has left us His marching orders: "Go ye into all but the most inspiring, enrapturing privilege.

the world and preach the Gospel to every crea- Only some such exalted conception of this last ture." Such a plain command makes all other commission, and of the supreme blessedness of a motives comparatively unnecessary. . . . Where loving fidelity to our stewardship in the Gospel, there has been given a clear, divine word of au- can lift the Church of God to a higher plane of thority, immediate, implicit submission and com- praying and giving. Better than the conscience pliance will be yielded by every loyal, loving dis- that drives, is the love that draws to the work of ciple. Even to hesitate, for the sake of asking a missions. Once brought to the white-heat of pas- reason, savors of the essence of rebellion. sion for souls, we are henceforth "weary with When our great Commander left us this last forbearing and cannot stay" in apathetic idleness precept, however, He annexed to it a most inspir- and silence; the inward fire must have vent. It ing promise: "Lo, I am with you alway, even unto is no longer hard to give, but hard to withhold; the end of the world." That promise has been and, better than the most princely gifts of money, conspicuously and marvellously fulfilled in con- we shall give ourselves "a living sacrifice." . . .

nection with missions; for Christ has been with One startling and comprehensive fact should us, both by His providence and by His grace. The be clearly kept before us-that all the stupendous argument and appeal, found in this providential movements and changes which we have to record, and gracious Presence, have not been properly or refer to, have taken place within less than a considered and appreciated. . . . century! . . . Within the nineteenth century what The providence of God is especially apparent in astounding changes have taken place! That bugle- missions, in the opening of doors, great and effec- call of William Carey has rallied all Christendom.

tual; in the removal or subsidence of barriers; God has opened the two-leaved gates, until the in the preparation of the field and the workmen; last of the hermit nations unbars the doors of ex- in the provision and protection of the la:borers; clusion and seclusion and welcomes to her ports and in the revealing and unfolding to the Church the messenger of Christ. Even the most enthu- of His set times, seasons, and measures for secur- siastic student of missions fails to apprehend and ing new advance and success. Such divine provi- appreciate the grandeur of such colossal move- dence becomes to God's people a glorious and in- ments. Wonderful, indeed, that a hundred open spiring signal both that He is always with them, doors, great and effectual, God should set before and that His pleasure shall prosper in their hands. His Church; but more wonderful the ways in The grace of God appears in missions, espe- which, by keys of His own, He has unlocked the cially in working mighty results and effects, such gates of hermit nations. When, in 1793, William as are plainly attributable only to the Divine Carey, that pious, learned cobbler, went forth as Spirit. These results are wrought not only in in- the first foreign missionary from English shores, dividuals, but sometimes in whole communities; the whole world was comparatively locked against there are some transformations that deserve to missionary enterprise; there was scarce one real be called transfigurations. In the workmen, also, opening into pagan, papal, or Moslem lands to whose consecration to such heroic labors develops preach the Gospel in its purity, or win converts, in them an exalted type of piety, and even in those without molestation and persecution both to the.

who earnestly pray and liberally give for the sup- missionary and the convert. Now the whole aspect port of the work, similar unmistakable fruits of of the world is changed, and there is scarce one this grace appear and abound. . . . closed door, or community where the preacher may not go with the open Bible, or where the convert • From the first chapter of "The Crisis of Missions," published may not, in publicly confessing allegiance to Jesus, In 1886, a great volume that aroused the Church to the claims of Foreign Missions. claim the protection of law.

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I Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~~i==========================~ Shall We Study "The Church ing in towns and villages, un- moving pictures that are so ef- in Rural America"? duly small memberships (aver- fective in the assembly periods age of less than 100, with annual of mission study schools-all of There is a tendency in some per capita expenditure of $13.27 which indicates the trend toward as against $21.50 in cities), in- activating study rather than letquarters to answer in the nega- adequate ministry as to training, ting it pause with "information nonsupport, inability to give full- and inspiration"-which tend to tive in view of the absence of the time service, etc., lack of trained be static. lay leadership, denominational picturesque and dramatic in the competition and overlapping, BAPTIST BOARD OF MISSIONARY EDUtheme, and the apparent diffi- etc. Topping all these is a psy- chological difficulty in getting CATION, 152 MADISON AVE., NEW culty in concreting it sufficiently new standards and a broader outlook, with an unchanged in- YORK: for the younger folk. But no stitution in a changing world. reader of THE REVIEW can fail, Our best endeavors are called for Beginners- in "creating a new moral and after noting the contents of its spiritual top soil for Rural Handwork, visualizations, stories: June issue, to see that nothing America." "The Singing Farmer," 68 cents; of more practical nature or im- "The Friendly Farmers" – projmediate urgency has been offered From r e c e n t' contributions ects and activities included, 50 by the Central Committee for submitted by various denomina- cents; "Farm Life Panel Postour consideration if we are to tional boards of missionary edu- ers" – four brown sepia panels, give the 31,000,000 and more cation, the following materials 12×36 in., with colored cut-outs people (half the entire popula- are cited because they are good to be pasted on, 50 cents. (Order tion) who are tilling God's Gar- in quality and of a sufficiently these from The American Baptist den their opportunity for "the universal character to be used Publication Society, 1701 Chestabundant life." Nor does this with little adaptation by mem- nut St., Philadelphia, Pa.) ; concern dwellers in country and bers of any communion. No one "Farmers in Many Lands"-picsmall towns alone. It is our com- denomination can hope to be ture sheet of 12 pictures, four on mon problem in view of our in- sufficient for even a fraction of American rural life, from which terdependence and the complex the task. And it is only by picture books may be made as situation created by the two mi- friendly borrowings that we can handwork, 25 cents; "Rural Life grations – the exodus of farm- hope to attain all-round effi- Through Teaching Pictures" – 8 bred youths toward the city and ciency. Along with specifically pictures llx15 in., 50 cents. the recent reverse trend caused denominational offerings will be by economic conditions – this found materials from neutral Primarylatter throwing the responsibil- sources, belonging in the units ity for the early training of a merely because they have been Handwork and visualizations the large proportion of our citizen- selected and fitted in by the sev- iJame as for Beginners. Stories: ship upon country homes and eral missionary education boards "The World on a Farm" – illuschurches. The rural world is as best shaping up to their stand- trated narratives, 25 c en t s; confronted by new problems and ards for graded Sunday school aggravated old ones in which we and age-group study. These di- * "Over the Hills and Far Away" all have a common stake. The rect transcripts from the lists economic ones are at the very submitted save space otherwise -series of graded home mission storm center of our national life to be consumed in separate cita- stories, 15 cents. -child labor, the sharecropper tions of publishers, etc. Attensituation, inadequate educational tion is especially directed to the Juniorsfacilities, reforestation and wealth of devices for visualizaplowing of submarginal lands, tions and activations, particu- Handwork, projects and activisoil conservation, collapse of cot- larly to the stereopticon and ties: "Out in the Country," 50 ton tenancy, wage-and-time ad- cents; "Farm Life Panel Postjustments, racial antagonisms [431 ] ers" as listed above; "Picture and a score of others. The reli- Map of the U. S."-art map 30×50 gious ones are even more vexing in. with 18 sketches to be colored and far-reaching – over-church- and pasted on, 50 cents; "Rural Life Teaching Pictures" as pre- viously listed.

Stories: * "Friendship Tales from Far and Near Trails," 15 cents.

Intermediate and Young People- Handwork, etc.: Several of the sets listed above; "Willson's Gummed Paper Letters and Fig- ures"-27 sizes and styles – free from The Tablet and Ticket Co., 115 E. 23d St., N. Y.; "Velox

Transparent Water Color Stamps" and his sharecropper tenant; study abounds in fine story material; the -perforated stamps of 12 colors, of local rural schools; inquiry of four "ranges" rounding up the sub- to be dissolved in water, with librarians as to type of books avail- ject in the closing meeting in a way four brushes and instructions, able and expense thereof; steps to to incite to action. "The Migrant Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, supplement this by making more Map" is another program of a most N. Y., $1.00. Stories: "The Ad- reading matter available; study of practical character, fitting in with ventures of Mr. Friend," 25 cents; cooperative marketing with view to the general home mission theme. its establishment in the community; Outline, 20 cents. * "The Church of the Country- demonstration of social and cultural work in drama, art, music or recrea- The women's group offers as a three side" -10 graded home mission tion and investigation as to facili- months' inset to their booklet on stories, 15 cents. ties for these among your rural citi- "Journeys," a set of outstanding zens; s p e cia 1 investigation of programs on "Journeys Along Rural Visualizations: S t ere 0 p tic 0 n churches in the vicinity as to pas- Roads," in which full directions are slides with coordinated lectures- tors, salaries, equipment, Sunday given for a panel discussion, an "The Little White Church on the schools, type of service most needed; original chart study on "Forward Hill"; "On Lonely Trails with organization of local groups for co- Together for Better Service," and Colporter Missionaries"; "The operation in the Peace Movement. "Journeys Toward the New Day"- Colporter Country," $2.00 each impersonations of the seven groups and carriage both ways. PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF NATIONAL of rural folk listed in the textbook. MISSIONS, CENTRAL DISTRIBUTING While the program booklet inclusive WOMEN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE MIS S ION of the foregoing contains much UNITED LUTHERAN CHURCH, 723 BOARDS, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW other cleverly conceived program MUHLENBERG B LD G., PHILADEL- YORK: matter, it is all of such a nature PHIA, PA.: that its form and manner of pres- Adult course on "Rebuilding Rural entation are universal and usable "Teaching Pictures on Rural Life America," 25 cents; study book of by folk of any communion. Price, Around the World" – 8 large pic- that name, 60 cents and $1. 50 cents. tures of country folk of different lands, 50 cents; plays-"The Call Young People's and Senior's unit "Early Missionary Journeys" is a of the Hills," 5 cents; "At Devil's on "Highland Heritage"-breaking separate booklet containing a full Nose" (mountain m iss ion a r y down of isolation in Appalachian year's devotional studies in complete sketch), 15 cents; stories – "Ra- Life, 25 cents; book, 60 cents and outline. Price, 15 cents. channy of the Southern Mountains," $1. "Rosann," "Spunk," "Jest Gals," 2 A number of worthful sugges- cents each or 6 for 5 cents. Intermediate unit by Grace Mc- tions for programs on "Rural Gavran, 35 cents. America"-inclusive of a special THE UNITED CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY article on junior work, by Annye SOCIETY, MISSIONS BLDG., 222 Stereopticon slides and lecture on Allison – as well as excerpts DOWNEY A VE., INDIANAPOLIS, Rural Life – "The Book and the from summer conferences at- IND.: Plough," 30 slides; rentai, $1.00 tended by the Department Edi- plus two-way. postage. tor, have to be held over for lack A very complete study packet of of space and will appear as soon leaflets covering "Dwellers in the Moving pictures (16mm., 2 reels), as possible in a later issue. Ad- Countryside," 50 cents. "Hearthstones and Al tar s" -life ditional methods material suit- story of typical rural family; "Mid able for pastors, men's groups This includes instructions to pro- Purple Mountain Majesties" -fol- and children's organizations is gram committees, a "Calendar of lows a boy from his mountain com- especially solicited. Send direct Service"; "Things We Can Do" at munity. $2.00 per reel and two- to this department instead of the the successive meetings to translate way carriage for each of the fore- Magazine headquarters, to avoid them into life; a large variety of going. delay and extra postage. subject matter for the talks, papers, etc.; good dramatic sketches on Order from Distributing Depart- For older people, this topic "The Farmer's Wife," "Bringing ment in N. Y., or 8 So. Dearborn lends itself wonderfully to panel College to the Farmer," "Weari- St., Chicago, or 234 McAlister St., discussions, round tables or pro- ness," "They Went to Bethlehem"; San Francisco, Calif., according to gram conferences. For instance, a special Christmas program com- your location. make up the entire program ex- plete; a panel discussion for four cept for appropriate music inter- women on "Influences that Make for THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION SOCIETY spersed, from the June number Peace or War"; a program on OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL of THE REVIEW, the leader im- "Blessed Are the Peacemakers"; CHURCH, 420 PLUM ST., CINCIN- pressing the importance of the and well-constructed studies on NATI, OHIO. LITERATURE DEPART- topic by using points from the these phases of the rural problem: MENT: editorial, "Rural America for Educational- "Sing B e h i n d the Christ," and being promptly sec- Plow"; "Bina Holben-Sharecrop- The Methodist women have clever onded and supported by another per"; "Pietro Lopez – Mexican"; series of programs worked out for participant summarizing "The, "M r s. W a 1ton – Mountaineer"; their girls (Queen Esthers) under Challenge of the Rural Commu- "Max Smith-Miner"; "Sarak Pe- the figure of "Building the Map of nity." On this background let toskey-Migrant"; "Susan Kepple U. S.," and for the women on the successive speakers, by prear- -Farm Woman"; "The Nat ion picturesque theme of "Modern Mis- ranged plan but with appearance Helps the Farmer" – a parable of sionary Journeys," an adequate ap- of spontaneity and in conversa- American rural life in Oklahoma; preciation of which will appear in tional style as if talking among "Social Influences Yesterday and a later issue, as only the rural themselves, give brief talks of Today"-a social science study. theme studies can be noted at this time. Among the workable suggestions listed are: An original study of For three months the girls study child labor statistics and condi- "Highland Heritage," with unique tions; a demonstration of the set- visualizations, a meeting in the form tlement between a plantation owner of the recitation of the geography class, "Head Range" and "Heart • The three sets of graded primary, junior Range" being considered; "Hand and intermediate stories listed above at 15 Range" and "Health Range" being cents each sell collectively at 35 cents. added in the following meeting that

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

not over five minutes each, selec- lines on "Discipleship" being for byterian Board of National Mistions of topics to be made from worship services and the remain- sions, 156 Fifth Ave., New the excellent articles following, ing six for worship and study York. ending with pointed presenta- combined. Their object is "to tion of things the group or their seek to make women conscious "If I Be His Disciple-How church can do. This is very im- of their responsibility as Chris- Shall I Follow Jesus Today" is portant. tian citizens for the solution of the title of a booklet prepared over a year ago by the Spiritual A more dramatic and impres- the social and economic problems Life Committee of the Presbysive program might be arranged of present-day society." terian Mission Boards. It confrom the same number by hav- sists of a ten-cent leader's ing a congress or conference of "In times like these the forces pamphlet and a set of leaflets persons impersonating-with or of religion should be exerting corresponding to the successive without costumes – the r u r a I topics and intended for use in pastor, the farmer's wife, the themselves to create a condition the audience. The subjects are: sharecropper, the case worker, out of which right motives for the colporter, etc. Again, close leadership can be generated. I Will Learn What the Bible Says to with practical planning, and a . . . There is only one motive Me devotional service of consecra- adequate to solve the problems tion to the task. Either one of and heal the ills of our stricken I Will Learn to Meditate these plans will make a most ef- civilization. That motive is the I Will Learn to Pray fective prayer meeting or eve- motive of the good neighbor. It I Will Learn to Serve ning service for the church at is clearly the business of religion I Will Learn to Share large, the meeting eventuating I Will Test My Life by Christ in organized activity. Time the to create mental and moral attiparts or the theme will be tudes to support and sustain and The leaflets sell for ten cents "talked to death." vitalize, as well as to call out per set. that motive. If religion does not Devotional Material call that motive into being, it A companion booklet recently will not come into being." (From issued is called, "If I Be His Dis- "In the beginning God created "Who Is My Neighbor?" by ciple I Will Grow." The topics . . . the earth. . . . And the are: Lord God formed man out of the Walter H. North.) dust of the earth and breathed I Will Grow into His Likeness into his nostrils the breath of The devotional outlines are on I Will Grow in Reflecting His Spirit life; and man became a living "God at Work in His Universe," soul. . . . And the Lord God "Great and Mighty. Things," Every Day planted a garden eastward in I Will Grow in Meeting Life's Crises Eden; and there He put the "Christ's Point of View" and I Will Grow More Sensitive to Human man whom He had formed. And "For Such a Time as This." out of the ground the Lord God The subjects of the programs Need made to grow every tree that is I Will Grow in Using My Life for pleasant to the sight and good for full meetings are: "We Look for food." God created an earth, at the Present Social Order," Him a man and a garden. The earth "The Bible and Social Values," was of basic importance then "The Christian Approach to So- This booklet also costs ten and must ever be. (From leaflet cial Problems," "The Church in cents, and the corresponding of the United Christian Mission- Action in National Missions," leaflets two cents each. These ary Society.) are invaluable helps for devo- "A Christian World Order" and tional leaders, giving Scripture, A service on this keynote may "A Plan for Social Education subject matter, prayers, ques~ well start the study of "Rural and Action in Your Commu- tions for meditation, material America," following later with nity." Only one of these-that for the group's use, hymns, devotionals keyed to Christ's na- poems and prayer suggestions ture parables – "The Sower," on National Missions-has any for the ensuing week. Suitable "The Tares," etc. denominational flair. The others for any young people's or adult will apply equally well among all group, or for prayer meetings. "Worship Services" based on evangelical groups. The Scrip- "Lord, Teach Us to Pray" may A VISTA IN JAPAN be had from the Presbyterians tural foundations are well laid, for five cents each. the citations to live, present-day books are excellent and the Under the title "C h u r c h theme studies worked out in a Women and a Christian World scholarly- though simple-way Community," a series of ten to challenge interest and thought programs has been i.ssued for in any intelligent group. In this use in any organized group of church women, the four first out- year when standard study themes include "The Church in Rural America," "World Peace" and "The Missionary Motive and Imperative," and when panel discussions are in the lead in presenting subject matter, the outlines are most timely. The price is 10 cents, at The Pres- The Council of Women for Home Missions EDITH E. LOWRY, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK Committee – the Quaker organ- ization which has carried on re- lief and reconstruction work both abroad and at home-dur- ing and following the World War in several European coun- tries and more recently in the coal areas of the United States.

This Committee is again trying to save life while others destroy.

The work for children in Spain is strictly non-partisan and is approved by the Federal Coun- cil of Churches and by the Red Cross.

We quote from the special bul- letin on Spain issued at intervals by the A. F. S. C.

"There may be defeats today – victories tomorrow for the armies. For the hungry people there is little hope that anything can happen to repair their ruined homes or restock their devastated farms." "Out of the confusion and debatable issues of the war, arise certain uncon- trovertible facts. Authorities agree, for instance, that as long aQ"o as last February there were more than a million refugees in Loyalist territory. The Loyalist government then reported that 250,000 children were in refugee colonies. More r e c e n t 1y, a Quaker relief worker in Madrid World Wide Photos, Inc. stated that there were 116,000 Thou Shall Not be Afraid "We have not fully caught the children still in that city under mind of Christ until we realize 14 years of age, badly under- "Thou shall not be afraid for that the Kingdom of God on nourished and unable to be evacthe terror by night, nor for the earth is the cooperative task of uated for lack of places to put arrow that Rieth by day." God and men working together." them. The safer municipalities (Psalm 91: 5.) throughout Loyalist Spain are "Faith is the diametrical op- now so congested with refugees "God hath not given us a spir- posite of fear and the supreme that they are forced to refuse it of fear, but of love, and of cure for fear is faith." additional numbers except when power, and of discipline." (2 the food is guaranteed by out- Timothy 1: 7.) RUFUS JONES.

"Fear is the greatest single Spain Opens Door for Friendly- side agencies." "The A. F. S. C. hindrance to the advance of civ- has become a recognized im-· ilization today." Service partial channel for relief of the "We should leap forward to a new type of civilization and be (An opportunity to show the spirit Spanish people regardless of able to avert world disaster, if men were not chained to a dead of goodwill in a country clouded by where they may be—":"in Loyalist past by their fears." war.) or Nationalist territory." "All Doubtless our readers know shipments of goods or contribu- of the American Friends Service tions of money will be used [434 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

strictly for the purposes desig- all over Spain and that is simple National Peace Conference Ma- nated by the donors . . . ." playthings for children such as terials "The refugees arrive in such balls and blocks and things that The National Peace Confer- terrible condition that their rags are not easily destroyed." ence publishes, through its Pubhave to be stripped off of them lic Affairs Committee, a series and burned. Children can be The need for playthings will of pamphlets on subjects conmade to smile by a bright col- be at least partly filled when the nected with world problems ored jumper or a pair of shoes." children of America send their which affect international rela- "Next to the full maintenance of suitcases to the refugee children. tions and peace, and which are the colonies, help with the food Detailed information on this of great value to those who wish supply is the most important project may be secured by writ- brief expositions on topics of imthing that can be done for refu- ing to the Committee on World mediate interest. The latest gee children; a problem every Friendship Among Children, 297 pamphlet is entitled "Colonies, day more acute. Shipments for Fourth Avenue, New York City. Trade and Prosperity," and is a this purpose come in duty free." Those who desire to contribute simple and condensed study of "One's first impression of the clothing or cash for food should the economic approach to the refugee situation is of terrible send it to the American Friends peace question. This pamphlet chaos and misery. The first day Service Committee, 20 South is excellent and very readable, in Murcia I went to the Pablo 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. and will be very valuable in con- Inglesias – a huge b u i I din g (In either case kindly mention nection with the campaign on economics and peace which is to where 4,000 are housed. The THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF be launched next fall by the Nabuilding is in reality an unfin- tional Peace Conference, and THE WORLD.) about which you will hear more ished block of flats about nine in detail in the fall. stories high. The floors have Materials on Peace Education not yet been divided into rooms, A packet of helps. for this and form vast corridors, swarm- Marathons pamphlet is being prepared and ing with men, wom(in and chil- will be ready for use in the fall. The subjects for the Marathon These National Peace Conferdren of all ages. There is no Round Tables for 1937-1938 are ence pamphlets sell for 35c each, furniture of any sort – only now at hand. There are two but can be ordered in quantity at Marathons this year-Plan A: a reduced rate. For further instraw mattresses. It must be Preparatory Marathon on the formation write to the National remembered that many of the subject "The U. S. and the Peace Conference, 8 West 40th World"; and Plan B: Advanced St., New York City. refugees have been in this build- Marathon under the title: "Adeing for two months. Nearly all quate National Defense. What World Day of Prayer in come from Malaga, and look is it?" Send to the National indescribably poor, dirty and Committee on the Cause and a Rural Village Cure of War, 1622 Grand Cenwretched. The municipality tral Terminal Building, New One step toward cooperation which complains of being one York, for copies of this folder in the work of the church has million pesetas in debt for its for distribution at fall meetings. come through the World Day of Let us try to have a large num- Prayer. Mrs. – – of – – sent refugees can afford to give only ber of Marathons among wom- in to the Council office $2.92, the one meal a day to this house, en in church groups during the offering from the observance of with the addition of a little milk coming year. to the children in the morning. The noise was terrific, babies New Headline Book crying, boys rushing madly from floor to floor, women shouting to them. A woman came up cry- ing bitterly, saying that she had The new Foreign Policy Asso- the World Day of Prayer. Her lost her two smallest children in ciation Headline Book: "Billions husband is pastor of a small the confusion of the flight and for Defense," is another study rural parish and this year for didn't know whether they were course on national defense. More the first time she inaugurated alive or dead. There is nothing popular in its plan than the ad- the World Day of Prayer in her for the children to do. Many vanced Marathon on the same country community. She said children begged us to take them subject, it is valuable for those the nearest church was 13 miles away to colonies or somewhere who desire an e Ie men tar y away. She contacted 13 differ- " course. It could be followed by ent churches over a wide area, Esther Farquhar, Quaker re- the Advanced Marathon if a they had four denominations lief worker in Spain, reports: group wished to pursue the sub- represented at their service, and "The conditions at Murcia are ject further. The kit of mate- there were 42 women present frightful. The infant mortality rials which is furnished for this which was "an excellent number has been as high as fifty per book is planned for a series of for this community. We found cent." Her work is largely with four meetings. Price of the the service extremely devotional infants. She has established a book: board cover, 35c; paper and I felt the women really clinic which she calls "a Drop cover, 25c. Discussion kit, 15c. prayed. Twenty – five of the of Milk." "There is one thing Foreign Policy Association, 8 group participated actively in that I have noticed the lack of West 40th St., New York City. one way or another."

World~wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO 1.

~===============================~ JAPAN-CHOSEN In the minds of the average Jap- aminations at the John D. Wells anese, Christianity is still as- Christian Accord associated with Western civili- School, Seoul, Chosen. Some zation. Nevertheless, what has failed; some lost out on the The National Christian Coun- been called "disembodied Chris- physical examination; and some cils of Japan and China have re- tianity" (Christian ideals and couldn't stand up under the scrucently taken definite steps in an standards observed by those who tiny of their former school receffort to bring about a closer re- are not actual church members) ords. From 13 different .provlation between the two organiza- is a strong force in Japan. This tions and between the Christians is evidenced by the facts that inces, the successful boys rated of the two nations. Both Coun- courses in Bible and Christian B or above in every subject, had cils are eager for closer rela- history are offered in some non- goo d personal records, and tions in order to understand Christian universities; that the showed much promise. About each other and build a bond of Bible and the Union Christian Christian brotherhood between Hymnal have a wide circulation half came from Christian famthe two peoples. Recent events among non-Christians; and that in North China, however, are social work, formerly a monop- ilies. bringing about further separa- oly of Christians, is now con- A 20th century note is seen in tion, at least in external rela- ducted by many other agencies. tionships. the fact that very few people -Monday Morning. The nation-wide United Evan- looked at the bulletin board in gelistic Movement is quietly go- Memorial to Dr. Uemura front of the school to read the ing forward in Japan. In addi- list of successful applicants, the reason was that almost every one had heard the names over the radio.

-Monday Morning.

tion to a program of evangelism, The Japan Theological Semi- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC bands of evangelists are being n a r y (Presbyterian-Reformed organized for work among the Church) has recently dedicated Strange Island of New Guinea churches, youth is being trained a new recitation hall in memory for Christ, and lay leadership of Rev. M. Uemura, outstanding Rev. R. R. Hanselmann went and stewardship are advocated. Japanese Christian who died ten to New Guinea in 1926 as a mis- Arrangements have been made years ago. This Seminary is the sionary under the American Luto send out ten evangelistic official school of the Church of theran Church. While at home teams to conduct meetings and Christ in Japan. It was estab- on furlough he has given nearly hold conferences in eight prov- lished in 1930 by a union of the 800 lectures about his experiinces. Other provinces will be theological department of Meiji ences in this island of headworked later. Gakuin and a seminary in Tokyo hunters and tree-dwellers. established by Dr. Uemura. With "Disembodied Christianity" the exception of one small semi- New Guinea is the second nary in Kobe, all theological edu- largest island in the world and According to latest figures, cation of the Church of Christ in is shaped like a monstrous bird. the Church of Christ in Japan is Japan is now out of the hands of If the southeastern point were made up of about 340 churches. the missions, and directly under placed on the tip of the Florida Slightly more than half of these the management of the Japanese peninsula the northwestern point are entirely self-supporting, Church. would reach to Colorado. Vegewhile others receive aid either tation of unsurpassed luxuriance from the mission or from the This Church has been cele- covers nearly the entire island. self-supporting churches. A typ- brating its 50th meeting of Syn- Among the light and dark green ical church is a city organization od with a series of evangelistic foliage are incessant flashes of with a membership of 123, and a meetings. gorgeously colored birds, and Sunday school of 71 with an surpassing all in beauty is the average of five teachers. Up -Presbyterian Banner. Bird of Paradise. A constant until 1930, membership was stream of scientists and museum rapidly increasing, but since Applicants for Wells School collectors arrive in New Guinea then, owing in some degree to in quest of biological s·pecimens. the intensified feeling of nation- There was room for only 106 alism, the rate has slowed down. new boys out of the 844 appli- Lately discovered mineral re- cants who had paid the registra- sources have brought white men tion fee to take the entrance ex- in hordes. Beneficent govern- [436 ] ment penetration and mISSIOn church membership by about cies of the Church, and he used organizations have b r 0 ugh t 4,000, but the results of Chris- his privilege with good sense about prophylactic measures, tian education carried on over a and definite loyalty to Christian making the life of Europeans long period of years can now be teaching. It was voted to make reasonably safe. Six hundred seen in the annual increase in the conference an annual event. plantations are under European the Christian population. control, cultivating cocoanuts, -The Living Church. The British Government consugar~ane,rubber,kapok,coffee tributed over $360,000 toward NORTH AMERICA these mission schools in 1936. Of and cocoa. Gold-mining is one the 18,000 children enrolled in Church Membership Gains of the chief industries. The various types of school, one in aerial transport has developed four is a Christian and of the Religious bodies of the United into the largest freight carrying 6,000 in g ran t-i n-a i d boys' States, as a whole, are growing, air service in the world. schools, one in six is a member according to statistics gathered of the Church. As a result of this by the late Dr. George Linn The natives as a whole are less mission policy, and government Kieffer. ill-natured than popular accounts sympathy and aid, a Church of imply. Their aversion to bath- educated persons is being built In 1936, the total membership ing is one of their most marked in Malaysia. of all religious bodies in the characteristics. To Christianize United States reached 63,493,- such a people usually requires -Christian Century. 036, as compared with 62,655,- from fifteen to eighteen years 632 in the previous year. This from the time contact is estab- Thankful for Leprosy! represents a gain in membership lished with a wild tribe until the for the year of 837,404. tribe is ready for baptism. The Leprosy is the last thing for life of the native Christian mis- which most people would be The Baptists continue to lead sionary, stationed in out-lying thankful, yet at the watch night all other Protestant bodies with districts, is so convincing to the service at Culion Leper Colony a total increase for the year of heathen people that slowly they the following testimony was 140,308. The Reformed Churchlay aside their former mode of given: "I thank God Almighty es, not a large denomination in sinful living. The race has a fu- for having made me a leper be- comparison with the Baptists ture. Various mission agencies cause in this place I have found and Methodists, come second, in New Guinea have a staff total- my Lord and my Redeemer. I with a gain of 81,958. The Luing over 500 white workers. had tried to find joy, peace, and therans, with 43,905, are third, contentment from what the and the Methodists fourth with -The Bond. world had to offer, but all ended a membership gain of 41,798. in bitter disappointment. In Other notable increases were Dyak Christians Jesus I have found my salvation made by the Unitarians, with and real contentment." 38,026; the Protestant Episco- During the past six years, palians, with 21,193; the Evanabout 12,000 Dyaks have been Igorot Young People's gelicals, with 9,390; the Presbybaptized as Christians. Thi~ terians, with 6,507; the Nazarepresents four distinct fields; Conference renes, with 5,867; the Advent- East Bornea, the districts of Ma- ists, with 5,435; the Mennonites, hakam, Boelongan and Sesajap, The first Young People's. Con- with 4,101; the International and West Borneo, the district of ference of the Philippine Epis- Church of the Foursquare Gos- Kapoeas. The Dyaks, though copal Mission went beyond the pel, with 5,225; the Moravians, uncivilized and uneducated, are most optimistic expectations in with 1,624; and the United by no means stupid. They gen- its attendance of 100 young men Brethren, with 1,073. erally learn readily, and have re- and women, most of them Igotentive memories. There is a rots-though delegates included -The Churchman. simplicity of heart which is re- one ex-Moslem girl from Zamsponsive to the Gospel message. boanga. A Bible Crusade About 200 native students are in various stages of preparation for The general topic was Chris- A new movement has been the ministry.-The Pioneer. tian religion in relation to both launched in Chicago called the the old traditional ways of the "Bible Evangelistic Crusade," Methodists in Malaysia mountain province and the sud- which has for its purpose the den incidence of modern prob- evangelization of neg Ie c ted The Methodist Church has lems. To keep the native group towns and villages and country built up a mission in Malaysia from backwardness in express- places in the United States and on an educational foundation. ing views, the foreign attend- Canada. It is reported that Last year nearly 18,000 children ance was restricted to two. there are 10,000 churchless and young people attended their towns in America and 30,000 grade and high schools, where The meetings proved remark- without a resident pastor. There 690 Asiatics and 53 European able for the frankness and inter- are 36,000,000 children and adoand Am e ric a n teachers in- est of the opinions expressed. lescents growing up without any structed them. The number in For the first time the Igorot religious training whatever. these schools exceeds the total Christian was showing himself vocal in helping shape the poli-

Over eighty Bible Institutes amend broadly the state Sunday Our Crime Peril and Christian training schools in the U. S. are turning out law was defeated; in Indiana a Recent reports of the Federal thousands of young people each Bureau of Investigation apparyear equipped for Ch~ist~an bill to open the saloons on Sun- ently confirm our unenviable disservice. This new organIZatIOn tinction of having the worst will assist such workers in being day was killed by a vote of three crime record of any of the sofurnished with trailers, tents called civilized peoples of earth. and other necessary equipment to toesne~'tteamnpdtsinto several other The reports indicate that "a larto reach the more difficult fields. sta bring in com- ceny occurs every 44 seconds in Pastoral workers will be di- the United States, a burglary rected to the most encouraging mercialized sports and amuse- every two minutes, an automoplaces to follow up the work that bile theft every two and one-half has been begun, and will be ments and other business were minutes, a robbery every ten given some assistance in getting minutes, a felonous assault every started. When further support frustrated. One of the greatest twelve minutes, and a criminal is needed by evangelistic groups attack on a woman every 67 and missionary pastors, the or- victories won in law enforce- minutes." ganization will try to interest churches or individuals in fur- ment was the abolition of 17 The Bureau's figures show nishing a regular monthly al- that our national crime bill anlowance. burlesque show theaters in New nually is $15,000,000,000. This is a daily cost of more than $41,- -Evangelical Christian. York City. The Lord's Day Al- 000 000. "Every time the clock tick,s off a second, the count ry's Testaments for Prisoners liance has been driving hard crime bill jumps $475." Most of the crimes are committed by The Pocket Testament League against such performances. persons 22 years of age. How has recently sent 500 Testa- can these figures be reduced to ments for work among the pris- -Monday Morning. the minimum? oners of San Quentin Prison, California. This is the distrib- The Exeter Experiment Goodwill in Tennessee uting center for other state p~­ nal institutions-at TehachapI, "Weare trying to bring the The Tennessee Interracial Forsom and one under construc- Commission, organized 19 years tion near Los Angeles. The di- Good News." Thus the religious ago, was first known as the Law rector of religious work at San work director of Mount Holyoke and Order League. Its program Quentin, Alfred C. Schmitt,. in- College epitomizes an experi- was enlarged when its name was terviews all prisoners and gIves ment at Exeter, Maine, forty changed. Under its first name it Testaments to those desiring miles from Bangor. Four years confined itself to crime preventhem. The demand is so great ago this director, Mis~ Kathe- tion and crusaded against mob that the director has called for rine Grammer and MISS Mar- violence. The enlarged program another 500 copies immediately. garet Teague, secretary for ru- includes health, housing, sanita- He writes: "Some of the in- tion education, recreation, travmates become so attached to ral work of the diocese of Maine, eling accommodations on public their Pocket Testaments that asked themselves what could be carriers, child welfare and imthey request the privilege of done to meet the religious needs provement of rural conditions. taking them along with them of a b a c k woo d s generation. Its methods are (1) the promowhen they go out on paroIe." growing up without any real tion of mutual understanding of (Gifts to supply these Testa- viewpoints and needs; and (2) ments may be sent to the Pocket knowledge of Christ and His the cooperation of the two races Testament League, 156 Fifth Church. Instead of merely la- in securing the ends agreed upon Ave., New York.) menting facts, a vacation school in conferences, usually through was planned. For four w~eks the building of favorable public "Remember the Sabbath" eight students and a tramed sentiment. nurse afford the only regular op- All Christian citizens can re- portunity the children and even In the beginning, some of the joice in the increase of interest difficulties were: radical elein preserving the civil institu- the adults of that vicinity have ments in both races; indifference tion of the Sabbath. Of the 43 during the entire year for seri- to constructive efforts for betterstate legislative bodies in sessi?n ment· and a tendency to proin 1937, proposed adverse legIs- ous religious instruction, as well mote 'selfish ends. But in time lation has been defeated more notable results were achieved. than a score of times: In New as forthe teaching of recreational Much has been done in the cor- York State five such bills went rection of interracial injustices down to defeat; in Iowa a bill to values. Approximately 100 chil- and the betterment of conditions affecting Negroes. Oppressive mdarteen~iafrlowmit5h to 21, are the raw which the vacation school works. They are collected in beach wagons or make their own way to the farmhou~e and barn in which the school IS con- d u c ted. Classes, handicraft work and expert recreation make up the program of the morni~g.

A morning, and a sunset serVIce is conducted each day. More than 300 adults attend the Sun- day evening services. – Miss G ram mer and Miss Teague believe that they have at least paved the way toward de- veloping a technique which can be used in other rural areas.

-The Living Church.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

measures have been opposed. tious than a bottle of pills. The the island, but the large number Inconsiderate and brutal officers missionary supplied such relief of letters he receives from peo- have been called to account. Co- as he could to the suffering peo- ple not touched by churches is operation in community enter- ple with a few pills until in 1904 a witness to the value of this prises has been promoted. Ne- when the Presbyterians sent out s e r vic e. The First Baptist gro members have been privi- a medical missionary and built Church of Santiago has been leged to lay bare any inj ustices the first little hospital. helping a Spanish priest who which they feel their race is suf- The work rapidly outgrew its within the last year left the Ro- fering, assured of a courteous first quarters and today there man Catholic Church. For the and friendly hearing. stands a grade "A" hospital with present he is supporting himself Close contacts are maintained 110 beds; a children's ward; by teaching in the day school with church groups. Baptist, nurses' home; a training school of the First Church. The Bap- Methodist and Presbyterian of fifty-five nurses; and a 1936 tist Church in Palma Soriano, a denominations have indorsed the record of more than 32,000 pa- town of 20,000 inhabitants, has Tennessee interracial movement, tients. The hospital was placed outgrown its building which and many have accepted re- on the approved list of hospitals seats only 160. Its average at- sponsibility for leadership. for graduate study in tropical tendance in Sunday school is -Tennessean Magazine. medicine by the Council of Med- 230.

Pima Indian Evangelist ical Education of the American Brazil's Student Problem Medical Association. In the re- When a Pima Indian becomes motest country barrio and in the It has long been realized that crowded city it is known as "EI one of the serious missionary a Christian he is usually filled Presbiteriano." problems of the Latin world is with a desire to win others. Pima the approach to the student -Presbyterian Banner. class. The Student Union for churches regularly send teams Christian Service was organized of lay workers into areas where Religion in the West Indies twelve years ago, and at present there is no church or resident confines its activity to students minister. A group of 16 of these Charles S. Detweiler, Baptist in evangelical schools of higher lay workers recently returned Home Mission Secretary, reports education. With nearly 500 memfrom a 10-day itinerary in dif- observations on a recent trip to bers it already has a considerferent parts of the reservation, the West Indies. able effect upon the lives of its devoting their entire time to members, and the necessity for personal evangelism. In Port – au – Prince, Haiti, personal witness is impressed there are four Pro t est ant upon all who join. A Pima Indian Christian en- churches, the Episcopalian, the tered an exclusive shop in Pasa- Wesleyan, the African Method- -World Dominion Press. dena, California. Conversing ist Episcopal and the Baptist. with the saleslady, he said, "I The largest of these churches suppose you attend church ?" has the poorest building. There Echoes of Martyrdom When she replied that she did is real religious freedom in Haiti. not, he began then and there to In Puerto Rico, Protestant in- From the region along the tell her of the love of God for fluence in public life is growing. Amazon where the Messrs. Rob- His children, and how He sent For some time the head of the erts, Wright and Dawson, known Jesus down to earth to save us- Teachers College and the second as the "three Freds," disappreaching her a short sermon in rank in the University has peared in martyrdom, comes the right in the store, which was been a Puerto Rican Presbyte- report that 1,200 Kayapo Inacross from one of the largest rian, and now the Chancellor of dians had suddenly emerged churches in Pasadena. People the University is another Pres- from their forests and descended came to listen and the Indian byterian. The new Commission- on the little town of Nova carried on, proud that he could er of Education, recently ap- Olinda. Fear at first prevailed tell the story to one who hadn't pointed by President Roosevelt, that they had come to massacre; yet learned to love Him. Before is a Puerto Rican Presbyterian. but a strange thing had ocleaving he exacted a promise, A very outspoken Baptist, prom- curred. Wars in their home diswhich the woman seemed glad to inent in political life, is presi- tricts had driven them forth, and give, that from then on she dent of the Board of Commis- they were seeking safety and would attend church. -Monday Morning. sioners of the City of San Juan, food. The news was received by and also a member of the Public the field workers as an answer LATIN AMERICA Service Commission of the Is- to prayer, and steps were taken land. The pastor of the Second to meet the opportunity. Two Hospital in Puerto Rico Baptist Church of Santiago, missionaries soon were on their Cuba, broadcasts for one hour way up the Xingu, with a ton of The Presbyterian Hospital in his Sunday morning service, and farina.

San Juan, Puerto Rico, repre- every day from seven to seven- Contact with these Kayapos sents the steady growth of an thirty he is on the air with a was established, and to the de- idea projected nearly forty years devotional service. The station light of the missionaries they ago with nothing more preten- reaches only the eastern half of found that God had been prepar-

ing for this meeting for ten years French Protestant Church tants, yet each is profiting by the past, at which time the language struggle of the other. had been reduced to writing. The French Pro t est ant Dr. Charles S. Macfarland, The new settlement has brought Church, though weak numerithe Indians to a place where the cally and financially, is a true secretary emeritus of the Fed- Gospel can be preached to them. missionary Church. The Paris eral Council of Churches, has Already a few have accepted Missionary Society which has issued an open letter to Hitler, in Christ. which he condemns the official been carrying on its work for 113 German attitude toward religion The last letter received from years, is working in eight differ- on four counts: the band of three contained this ent fields, wherein labor 165 misappeal: "Brethren, pray and sionaries. The whole work is (1) Hitler has "seized control over supported by an annual budget the Church, arrested multitudes of its send others to continue what the of five million francs. French pastors, confined many of them, and Lord has begun." missionaries are also working in permitted not a few to be assaulted the Methodist Mission on the without open rebuke of their at- -Alliance Weekly. tackers."

EUROPE Ivory Coast, and the Norwegian (2) Despite his promise to unite Call to be "Up and Doing" Lutheran Mission in Madagas- car. The present membership of the Church he has "divided it between those who comply, those who are neu- tral, and those who courageously op- Church attendance in England the French Churches is about pose [his] domination." 700,000, divided among 1,038 (3) Despite his promise to regard is reported as declining. The the "confession" of the Church as Methodists say that 60,000 few- parishes under the direction of er pupils attend Sunday school; 1,097 pastors. sacred, Hitler has "endeavored to c h u r c h membership has de- crush out its basic doctrine of the -World Dominion Press. Fatherhood of God and the brother- creased by 3,000. The Baptists Religion at the Paris hood of mankind." report a decline of pupils by Exposition nearly 20,000, of church mem- (4) "Instead of doing justice to the bers by nearly 1,500. Causes are Visitors to the Paris exhibi- Jews you have permitted them to be harassed and despoiled, without :he slightest appearance of mercy."

suggested include week-end hab- tion may discover several fea- When Hitler came into power it of hiking; opening of cinemas tures of special interest. A mis- he asked that he be given four on Sunday; Sunday excursions; sion boat of the McAll Mission years before people should judge dropping of family prayers; in- his policy. The four years have fluence of radio sermons. The will be found between the Alma elapsed and the judgment must and Passy bridges. Here, daily be one of condemnation. Scots Church's General Assembly has serious things to report services will be held. On the -The Living Church. gangway of the pont d'Alma, is a about reduced incomes for work bookstall containing Bibles and abroad. The foreign missions religious publications. The Godless Union accounts revealed a deficit of An exhibition of Protestant over $250,000. Sabbath observ- Art is a special feature at the Vigorous efforts to increase ance was lost in the Great War. American Church (63, Quai d'- membership in the Godless Un- -R. BIRCH HOYLE. Orsay) . This will be on view ion are being made by Litvinoff, London's Mosque from June 18, although the Russian Commissioner for For- Church itself is open from the eign Affairs. All applicants for The Nizam of Hyderabad has beginning of the Exposition. A diplomatic posts abroad, likewise provided a s,ite in West Kensing- leaflet in English and French en- all members of the Diplomatic ton, London, for a Mohammedan titled "Souvenirs of French Prot- Service at present employed mosque. The foundation stone estantism," by Pastor Boss, is abroad, must be members of the was laid on 4th June by the being published by the National Godless Union, or face dismissal.

Prince of Berar, the son and Touring Center. A Welcome The decree is also extended to heir of the Nizam, surrounded Center for Women (47, Quai d'- com mer cia I representatives by a distinguished company of Orsay) is open from 9 a. m. until abroad. The Osservatore Ro- Moslem representatives from 9 p. m. -The Christian. mano says that during last year Egypt, Arabia, Turkey, Persia German Churches Firm membership of the Union greatand other countries. Like the ly increased, and its funds im- mosque at Woking, the London The Nazi's are not making proved by the payment by every mosque will be a miniature of much headway a g a ins t the member abroad of a special conthe Taj Mahal and is to be fin- Christian Church. Roman Cath- tribution. The new decree has ished at the end of the year. It olics have no intention of retreat- resulted in 6,700 new adhesions will hold about 1,000 people, ing or compromise; confessional- to the Union. The Komsomol quite large enough to accommo- Protestants have set up a secret has ordered Russian youth to' date the worshippers. The total council, to which pastors pledge imp r 0 v e their antireligious number of Moslems and those obedience, in defiance of the work, and to win between May 2 interested in Islam in the whole Reich. and August 2, 200,000 boys and of Great Britain is estimated at So far as known, there is girls as recruits. 2,000. nothing resembling a u nit e d Antireligious pro p a g and a -World Dominion Press. front of Catholics and Protes- abroad was stimulated by the

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

despatch of appropriate litera- Emirates in the Sudan are open- Britain has not full liberty to ture valued at 1,500,000 rubles, ing for the missionaries of the expel priests of Italian or any chiefly to Switzerland, Holland, Sudan United Mission. Many other nationality. The British France, Spain, England and followers of Islam are awaken- Government is, however, anx- Belgium. Sixty-five thousand ing to the deficiencies of their ious to show church circles that rubles only were received from system. The first conference of it is fighting with all the re- Kabyle converts was held re- sources of diplomacy behind the recipients. -World Dominion Press. cently, and on almost every sta- British missionaries who may be tion there are signs of the work- in trouble. This has been Brit- Protestantism in Austria ing of the Holy Spirit, and that ish policy whenever mission- Since February more than the seed sown through so many aries' lives or teaching activities 15,000 people in Austria have years will soon bear fruit. have been endangered in China entered the Protestant Church. or elsewhere, and the same pol- In Vienna alone about 10,000 -The Christian. icy is being carried out now. have taken this step. A great Moslem Stronghold Crumbling -New York Times.

many of these were formerly There is today throughout Bible Pictures to "Think Roman Catholic, but the major- Africa a mighty movement away Black" ity were without religious de- from Islam and paganism, sinomination. Many of them are multaneous with the movement An attempt to stress the need very poor and out of work, yet away from Hinduism in India. of "thinking black" in any ap- such is their desire for spiritual The Sudan Interior Mission sees proach of the white man to Afriteaching that they visit regular- new opportunities in the open- can children is the plan of the ly divine services and Bible ing up of the Moslem strongholds World's Sunday School Associaclasses which the Protestant of Northern Nigeria to the Gos- tion to present awards to native Church has organized for them. pel. The Nigerian Government African artists who produce il- Protestant churches are filled to is now willing to hand over the lustrations of the parables conoverflowing, and the few pastors leper camps in these provinces veying the fullest meaning to have so much to do that it will to the missionary society. native African children. The be necessary to employ new as- With the acceptance of the story of "the widow's mite" does sistants to impart religious in- challenge, the call has gone forth not make sense to the African. struction. The State authorities for a hundred new missionaries, How can she be the "poor widare very unfriendly towards this including doctors and nurses. ow" with her flowing dress is -Life of Faith. the incredulous reaction of the movement, and put every ob- stacle in the way of preventing Italy's Ethiopian Policy African native. The results of persons from leaving the Roman this venture will be marked by Catholic Church. Italy's action in forbidding an originality which s h 0 u I d From all parts of Austria ur- British, American and French prove refreshing. missionaries to carryon their' gent requests are pouring in for -W. S. S. A.

Bibles and New Testaments. A work in Ethiopia, gives point to Uplift for the Bantus pastor in Syria writes: "I come Foreign Secretary Ant h 0 n y from a little village in which twenty have entered the Prot- Eden's guarded reminder that Missionary work in the Portuestant Church, and they all request me to send them Bibles the British Government "must guese colony of Bantus is chiefly and Catechisms. This was not a political movement, because they reserve the right to consider" among nine recruits of the Transwanted nothing other than God's the expulsion of Italian mission- vaal. There can be no doubt of Word." -Bible Society Record. aries from Malta, Nigeria and the influence of the "East Coast other parts of the British Em- Boys" on the Christian villages pire. The expulsion of British which have grown up in Portu- missionaries has been the sub- guese East Africa. After work- ject of prolonged negotiation ing in the mines of the Trans- AFRICA which have not proven success- vaal, particularly on the Wit- ful. England's threat is not watersrand, they return home Is Islam Tottering? likely to be translated into ac- with ideas about a home which tion, but at least it calls atten- cannot tolerate the old heathen W. Cecil Collinson, Secretary tion to the injustice of Rome's customs, and either these have of the Egypt General Mission, policy. had to go or they have built a observes that large numbers of Italian priests and teachers group of huts in a new spot Moslems are tiring of the for- are to be found chiefly in Malta, away from their pagan relatives.

malities of Islam. Here are some Nigeria and Palestine. In MaTta These structures are finer than facts which go to prove that most of them already have been the pagan huts, influenced by there are signs of a real change replaced by Maltese; in Nigeria, homes they have seen of the in the situation. In every Mos- Italian missionaries are only a white people in the Transvaal.

lem community of over 50,000 handful com par e d with the In the midst of the new huts has inhabitants there is a nucleus of French, while Palestine is a been built the chapel with a bell, witness for Christ. Long-closed mandated territory in which where the leader calls the people

morning and evening to read the tegic importance of this educa- There has been a marked Scriptures, pray and sing hymns learned in the Transvaal. tional program is seen in the deepening of interest in the Gos- The Bantu thinks and works fact that the seven secondary pel m e s sag e among various in circles rather than straight lines. His house is circular, his schools in Palestine educate classes of people. Among the village is circular and his thinking follows a circuitous route. practically one-half the Arabs causes of this should be noted: Christianity widens his mental horizon and helps him to think receiving such training, and a first, a general consciousness and construct in terms of rows of superior huts with fruit and not inconsiderable number of the that we are in a most critical flowering trees between them, which provide ventilation, clean- Jews. period of the world's history; liness and improved sanitation. Many observers say despond- second, the results of seed pre- -World Dominion PreISs. ently that there is no solution of viously sown; and third, the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute the problem of Arab, Jew and prayers of friends. There is The year 1940 will mark not only the jubilee of the founda- Briton; others offer political or greater opportunity for reaching tion of the two Rhodesias in 1890 by Cecil Rhodes, but also diplomatic ways out, but the Moslems as more and more chilthe centenary of the departure for Africa in 1840 of David Liv- only workable plan is to make all dren take advantage of the ingstone. It is proposed that this double anniversary should be three Christian. schools. Approximately 100 boys commemorated in Nor t he r n -Spirit of Missions. and girls attend Sunday school. Rhodesia by the establishment of a Rhodes-Livingstone Insti- News from Syria These are divided into three tute of Central African Studies classes or groups with competent which will serve as a combined The Danish Mission to the teachers, each child being permemorial to these two men. Orient has opened a new Evan- mitted to enter the group of his The proposed institute is in- gelical Church at Hafar, Syria. own language. The pupils in one tended to further scientific study In five boys schools 69 % are class are all Moslem. of the impact of European civili- Moslems and in the girls' schools zation upon native African So- -Near East Christian Council. ciety. It will be located at Liv- 78 %. Students are more seriousingstone, the old capital of minded than those of ten years Northern Rhodesia, seven miles ago, and there has been in- INDIA-SIAM-MALAYIA from Victoria Falls. creased interest in the various Reaching the Multitudes WESTERN ASIA voluntary religious services. Financial difficulties h a v e The Methodist Church in Hy- Christian Schools in Palestine caused the Danish Mission to the derabad is responsible for a Armenians to close their clinic Christian community of 100,000 Christian schools are the only in Beirut, and a reduction of the persons. Those who have been places where Jew and Moslem, numbers in Birds' Nest, Jubeil; reached are eager to learn more, as well as Christians, meet to- but industrial work has sup- and there are some remarkable gether, study together, play on ported many needy women, and testimonies to changed lives and the same terms, and, in the children have been paid for in cleaner homes. Those who for spirit of Christian charity, learn schools. Bible-women are used generations have been in bondthat give and take which are so for evangelistic work in homes age to idol worship and the powimportant. Last year when the and meetings and conferences ers of darkness find it no easier feeling between Jews and Arabs have been held. The Swiss So- to walk in a path of true separarose to boiling point, and all ciety of Ghazir has given help to tion than do the followers of Arab schools, even those under Armenian village colonies by C h r i s t in more enlightened the government, went on strike, placing nurses among them, in lands, where Christianity has Christian schools still went on. addition to their work among been making its influence felt There was difficulty at times in the blind. In spite of the difficult for centuries. To the end that keeping Arab and Jew together, financial situation the Armenian converts may be strengthened, but it was done. Result: the churches have taken increased "refresher courses" are given. schools have been crowded as responsibility for carrying on These are attended by pastors, never before. Jews and Arabs their work, and have even evangelists, village teachers and say what they find there is started new work in three or young men and women from vil- "character training." The stra- lage congregations. On one oc- four centers. -Near East Christian Council. casion several village teachers gathered for a time of prayer In Iraq and meditation in connection "Iraq reports a steadily in- with their work, after which it creasing stream of tourists, and was estimated that in one week the missionaries are glad that 85,000 persons heard the Gospel.

many of them are sufficiently in– Rev. C. W. Posnett is leading· terested in missions to take time this work. Not long ago a vil- to see mission work. The most lage chief, who had continually noteworthy visitation recently persecuted the native Christian was in the form of a conference teacher, went to Mr. Posnett and in Baghdad of five officials of the said: "I used to persecute your British and Foreign, and the teacher; I pulled down the thatch American Bible Societies. from his shed, and tried to drive

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

him out, but I have come to tell five stations (Madras, Conjeev- plexes will be shed when one can you that I want his religion; eram, Chingleput, Arkonam and read his own Bible, subscribe to your teacher has saved and Sriperumbudur) together with his own paper, and form his changed my village, and he is 450 coworkers, eight Indian min- own opinions at first hand. now my friend." isters with 8,000 church mem- bers, give stalwart witness to the -United Church Review. -The Christian. growth and strength of this work. Dr. Laubach's Method "Temple Entry" Proclamation An outstanding feature of Dr. Frank C. Laubach says Caste Hindus in Travancore those early days was the baptism that teaching the people of Inhave issued a proclamation com- of two students, P. Rajahgopal dia to read is like trying to tear pelling the depressed class Chris- and A. Venkataramiah, which down the Himalayas. Only 8 tian converts to go to Hindu caused a furore, reduced the per cent of the 340,000,000 can temples. If they do not forsake school attendance from 400 to 70 read, and only 7 per cent of Christianity, they are not al- overnight, and brought on a those who can read can do it lowed to reap the harvest, and court case, through all of which well enough to understand what some are turned out of their the Christian leaders stood un- they are reading. Dr. Laubach poor dwellings. This restriction compromisingly for their faith, thinks he has the explanation. is being applied to London Mis- resulting in many conversions. There is in India a spoken lansion, Romon Catholic, Salvation guage and a written, in all the Army and Syrian converts in Madras Christian College, an large languages. These go by places like Avaneeswaram and outgrowth of the work of this the same name but have differ- Thalavoor. The matter has at- mission is celebrating the Cen- ent vocabularies. It is as if you tracted the attention of Mr. tenary by transfer to a new lo- were learning Greek, or Hebrew, Gandhi, who has promised to try cation covering 390 a'cres at and had to learn both a new voto better the situation. Tambaram, sixteen miles south cabulary and a new alphabet. -National Missionary Intelli- of Madras. It is worse than that for the il- literate, for he has never learned gencer. -United Church Review. any letters and does not know what to expect. Dr. Laubach is Santal Mission Anniversary Literacy by 1941 advocating that all illiterates be taught in their own dialects, This year marks the seven- The All-India Conference of learning to read in the spoken tieth anniversary of the found- India Christians has issued a language. Thus the other laning of the Santal Mission of challenge: "Every Christian guages will become dead. North India. Of the founders, able to read by 1941." Here are Hans Peter Borresen and Lars some of the reasons for expect- -Missionary Herald. Olsen Skrefsrud, the former was ing a literate Church of Christ a native of Denmark, the latter in India four years hence. First, Gospel Inn at Leh of Norway. The mission is now there are many evidences of a supported by Lutherans in Den- widespread interest in adult lit- The Christian tells us that at mark, Norway and America. eracy. Active committees are Leh, on the border of VVestern There are fifty missionaries in at work in every part of the Tibet where Moravian missionthe field, twenty from Norway, country in the study of the prob- aries have labored for many twenty from Denmark and ten lems involved, in the prepara- years without seeing much fruit, from America, and the field is tion of materials, in the encour- it is now proposed to erect a expanding. Scattered over a agement of voluntary teachers "Gosnel Inn," in an attempt to strip of territory 400 miles lon~ of the illiterate. Preliminary at- obtain closer contact with nilare small Santal churches with tempts have met with distinct grims on their wav to their holy their pastors, evangelists and success. Striking achievements city. This inn will afford shel- Bible women. There are village in other countries spur India to ter and rest for the pilgrims and schools, and, in the large cen- the attainment of literacy. Rus- give opportunity for the missionters, boarding schools both for sia raised her literary from 33 aries to minister to their spiritboys and girls. There are also to 90 per cent between 1921 and ual needs. orphan homes, hospitals, and at 1931. In China, Dr. Y. C. James Saldoha a colony for lepers. Yen, began a mass literacy Christian Villages in Siam movement in 1922 with 1,450 Madras Centenary students; and within seven years One of Siam's largest Chris- he had taught five million to tian groups consists of ten vil- Scottish missionaries in Ma- read and write. lages where work is being cardras and vicinity are rejoicing ried on by Siamese leaders. In in their hundred years of his- Recent research has shown the largest church in this area tory. In February of 1837, John that the adult can learn to read there are several active organ- Anderson, son of a blind farmer some five times as rapidly as a izations-a large primary Sunof southern Scotland, landed in child. Many are influenced in day school, a large day school, Madras and began a school with their interest in literacy by the and a Kings Daughters circle. a definite evangelistic aim. To- political franchise to be gained They have their own evangelists day, thirty-six missionaries in by the literate. Inferiority com- whom they send out to work in

neighboring villages. There is colleges are coming to positio~s reconsecrating themselves to a large group of people studying of influence in the State and III Christ and four applying for now to be received into the all the learned professions. In church membership. c h u r c h as soon as they are the last dozen years the number ready. These church members of enrolled students of the Chris- Rev. C. H. Wong, pastor of tithe, and their gifts are more tian colleges has increased from the East Shanghai B a p ti s t than enough to meet the ex- 2000 to over 7,000. There are Church, asks these questions of penses of the church and sup- 800 graduates going out of these candidates for church memberport their own pastor. They institutions every year to take ship: are now asking for an assistant up their careers of various pastor, since the one cannot do kinds." What does it mean to be a Chrisall the work that might be done. -Missionary Herald (London). tian? Why do you want to become a They are ready to assume the Christian? What is the difference besupport of the extra pastor as Radio Preaching tween a Christian and a non-Chrissoon as he can be obtained. tian? Are the members of you~ fam- One of the most encouraging ily Christian? . Does yo~r .famIly ob- Singapore Churches features of Christian work in ject to your bemg a ChrrstIan? What Shanghai today is the Christian would you do if some one should per- Churches in Singapore differ Broadcasting Station. The un- secute you for being a Christian? Why from those in America in that usual thing about the broadcasts do you wan~ to join the. church? Wh~t they are run by young people, is their popularity, since only is the meamng of oaptIsm, the Lord s for in the ordinary church there one person out of 300 is a Chris- Supper, prayer, etc.? Do you p.r3:Y and are more youths than adults. tian. The station was begun, read your Bible? Are you wIllmg to The explanation for this is found and is still financed by a Chris- help bring others to Christ? in the fact that the church con- tian Chinese business merchant, ducts primary and· secondary who probably gives not less than Sometimes candidates are schools in every section of the nine-tenths of his income to God, asked to wait for further study city. These mission schools meet and part of it meets the heavy of Christianity, or until they the government standards, and expenses connected with this have a deeper experience of teach religion during these form- broadcasting center. W hen Christ before they are presented ative years, so that religious some one suggested that perhaps to the church for membership. education is a part of the whole more money was being spent on process, and not merely a Sun- its maintenance than should be, -Watchman-Examiner. day morning project. he replied that instead of spend- ling less, he felt he ought to Fukien's Experiment Another difference is that the spend more, and would do so. congregations are interracial; Thus he is now proposing that Fukien Christian University, the Sunday school and worship Government stations in other with a dozen villages within an service may be in Chinese from provincial capitals be placed at hour's walk of its campus – a 8: 30 to 10: 30. English may be the service of Christian preach- campus fashioned out of seventy the language for the next two ers. By payment of a fixed sum acres of rice and potato fields, hours and Malay in the after- to the authorities in charge of is not unmindful of its obliganoon. The same minister may those stations, half-an-hour daily tion to solve its share of the Chihave two of these groups and can be allowed for the broad- nese rural problem. The unisometimes the third. Race does casting of the Gospel. This ra- versity believes that the r~con­ not matter-only language. dio service reaches "the war struction of the rural areas IS an lords and the politicians, the experiment, and therefore an ex- Six out of ten churches in farmers and the factory work- pert's task. Francis Chen, with Singapore are self-supporting. ers, the old and the young, the his Yale Ph.D., in rural econom- Those receiving mission help are pirates and the followers of ics has returned to China as exthe newly organized ones. Some Christ." -China's Millions. pe;imenter. A gift secured by of the Chinese laymen have Rev. E. H. Smith, of the AmerIstarted an anti-opium clinic Evangelism in Shanghai can Board in Ingtai, provides which they are supporting, and funds for a five-year period of reports show over 1,000 patients University experimenting; and the village with 1,400 on the waiting list. of Nieu Tien is the starting It is the custom at the Uni- point. . -RALPH A. FELTON. versity of Shanghai (Baptist), to have four evangelistic meet- Forty year'S of revolution have CHINA ings each year, each called "Re~ made the farmer their victim. ligious Emphasis Week." Per- He is the sufferer from the civil Christian Influence Expanding sonal work is done largely wars, exorbitant taxes, the cor- through fellowship groups. dur- rupt and bewildered gentry, not At a meeting in London of ing the year. The l~st serIes ~f to speak of bandits and commu- British Missionary Societies, meetings resulted III 14 decI- nists. The farmers constitute Rev. C. E. Wilson, Baptist For- sions, twenty-two desiring to four-fifths of the total popula-: eign Secretary, said: enter Bible classes, seventy-four tion. To save the farmer is, therefore, to save the nation. "It is one of the most remarkable features of modern China -Far Horizons. that the graduates of Christian Through Personal Contact Of 28 students and teachers baptized in one station in China

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

during the past year, 17 came ites" has learned a great deal of the Church of Christ in China. from non-Christian schools. A about the Chiang people of the Similar boards are being de- Presbyterian m iss ion a r y in western borderland of China. veloped at Kulangsu and Chuancharge of student work there They live between China proper chow. Outlying hospitals at says that these were not super- and Tibet. They bear such un- Changpu and Siokhe will be opficial or emotional decisions, but mistakable marks of being Is- erated as branches of the Changfollowed many months of care- raelitish that Mr. Torrance chow hospital center, and it is ful training in communicants' says: "Were they clad in foreign proposed that other outlying classes, and much personal dis- dress and set down in London or hospitals shall be designated as cussion with other Christians. New York, they would be taken branches of the Kulangsu and Most of these young people first at once for Jews." Chuanchow centers respectively. became interested in Christianity The description he gives of the Each of the three missions conthrough Christian stu den t s use of an altar in the sacred cerned have given approval to whom they knew. Said this mis- grove, and of the slaying of the the plan. sionary: "It is easier to get stu- sacrificial lamb by an appointed dents into a vital relationship priest, clad in special priestly GENERAL with God in their personal lives garments, is strangely reminis- Religion—'Not Philosophy than to lead them into the cent of the Old Testament sacri- Needed fices, and the likeness is further Church." -Monday Morning. borne out by the ritualistic use President Jam e s Rowland of a priestly rod bearing the im- Angell of Yale University insists age of a serpent, recalling the that religion, rather than phi- Leprosy Conferences ancient Nehustan. The similar- losophy must be relied on to Within a week after the tragic ities between Israelitish and change the human heart and shooting of sixty lepers at Chiang religious practices all solve our many problems. Said Yeungkong, two of the most shed fresh light on many an elu- he at the Bowdoin Institute of noted scientific bodies in China sive Bible allusion. The national Philosophy: were in session-the Chinese story of the Chiang people un- "Anything which gives any Medical Association and the doubtedly holds the answer to promise of restoring some meas- Third National Conference on many hitherto unanswered ques- ure of sobriety of outlook, some Leprosy. The national character tions of religion and history. common convictions a m 0 n g of these two organizations made Mr. Torrance's work of Bible thoughtful and honorable men, them loud-speakers of protest distribution in West China has is deserving of encouragement. against these executions. On the strictly intellectual side, brought many Chiang villages philosophy and science are alone The Me d i c a I Association likely to gain the necessary hearpassed the following resolution, into the Christian fold. ing from our thinking leaders, quickly seconded by the Leprosy -Bible Society Record.

Conference: Three Missions Unite Medical and perhaps by contagion some Work shreds of sanity may spread to That the Chinese Medical Association, in session at the Medical Center, Dr. Edward H. Hume sends common folk who have neither Shanghai, has heard with dismay of the mental power nor the train- the premeditated murder of lepers in an account of the federation of ing to think through basic probthe Yeungkong hospital leper settlement and the subsequent looting of three medical missions in China, lems for themselves. In the the settlement by soldiers; formerly maintained separately larger area of feeling and emo- by three denominations, to com- tion, to which appeal has finally That, apart from the natural ab- bine all medical work in South horrence of such cruelties, this and to be made before any social re- similar acts, in direct contravention Fukien into one unit. Late in sponse of significant magnitude of the orders of the Canton authorities, as expressed in their published 1936, a survey committee was can be hoped for, I think we injunctions strictly forbidding the appointed by the three missions molestation of lepers, do more than must look to essential religion. I involved – American Reformed, personally think that the most anything else to spread the disease by English Presbyterian and Eng- sophisticated can with intellectdriving every leper into hiding; lish Congregational – w h i c h ual assurance turn to the convic- And that immediate steps be taken by the officers of this conference to studied the entire area and tion that spiritual forces are inapproach the proper authorities in reached the conclusion that it digenous to ultimate reality, that they are in part reflected in such Nanking and Canton, urging that would be desirable to commence suitable penalties be imposed on the united activities at one center, conceptions as we have of jusmurderers, that steps be taken to protect the lepers, and especially to pre- while regarding the hospitals of tice and truth and beauty and the vent the molestation of those under- love of our fellow man." He going medical treatment. the entire area as essentially be- added that the task of turnin~ longing to a single plan. The -Without the Camp. Board of Managers of the hos- people as individuals from mal- pital at Changchow (London ice, cruelty, and selfish lust "is a The Chiangs of West China Mission) agreed to go out of ex- task which religion can most istence and a new board was cre- easily perform, and hardly any The author of "China's First ated, three of whose members other agency can make a real be- Missionaries – Ancient Israel- were designated by the Synod ginning."

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Our. Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information A Theology for Christian Missions. pear, as he recognizes! with t~e tain them. Meanwhile it is good By Hugh Vernon White. 220 pp. historic Catholic faIth. HIS Christology does not seem to be to have this thoughtful book $2. Willett, Clark & Co., New York the historic Chris~ology either of which goes so far and sets forth and Chicago. 1937. the Roman Catholic Church or so much truth as to life and of the theology of the Reformed thought and duty that one This book begins with a re- Churches. He reverences Jesus freshing note, at variance with wishes it would go further and the easy unrational and self-con- Christ as the historic revelation recover all of the great evan- of the character of God but says tradictory view of the past gen- little of the Risen Christ as a liv- gelical tradition which is as true eration which eschewed any in- ing supernatural person and today and will be as true tomorterest in the theological basis of foreign missions and advocated now as it ever was.

the adequacy of the ideal and R. E. SPEER. motive of human service. But presence and little of the mysti- cal element .of Christian experi- Two Missionary Voyages. By Thomas why were the ideal and motive ence. He saves a good deal of TPrhoommoptsionng. 8C7hprips.tiaIns. KSnoocwielteydfgoer. of human service adequate? the old but the movement of London. 1937.

Any attempt to answer this q?es- thought preserves the human- This little paper-bound book tion involved the answerer III a istic construction of the past few rescues from obscurity the name theology, a very thin and poor decades instead of entering into of a pioneer missionary who was theology perhaps, but still a the- the new currents which return sent out nearly two hundred ology which sooner or later had to God, rather than man, as the years ago (1745) by the Society to grapple with the meaning of the ideas of God and man and center and the constructive prin- for the Propogation of the Gos- ciple of Christian thought and pel of the Church of E,ngland to society. experience. The emphasis her2 work among the EnglIsh colon- Dr. White sees all this clearly is on man's service of his ists in New Jersey, and who, and states his view with unmis- brother, using the concepts of when his opportunity was closed takable plainness: God and of the teaching and ex- by the Revolution five years It is my strong conviction that the ample of the historic Jesus, later became the first Anglican Christian mission must have an ex- rather than on God in Christ, missionary to West Africa. His plicit theology to sustain it. These the Christ of history, the living interesting account of his adventlheecotuloregsi,cathl epreofionrteo, frevpireewseannt da dthefeinaitte- Christ, at wodrk u1sintg' manf Hfo' r turous voyages and varied extempt to ground evangelical Christian- the service an sa va Ion 0 IS periences were published by the children. The books cited are Society during his lifetime, but itv in beliefs about God, Christ, man .and the nature of the spiritual life, the books of the humanistic had been out of print and lost trend and thehre 'stehems to be for 150 years till a stray cop.y wprheiscehntc-adnaybeChhreilsdtiawnisthancodnwfidheicnhceCb2ny either no touc WI or a con- was found in the Rutger's 11be defended rationally and sustained scious ignoring of the new and brary in New Brunswi<;k. T~e by practical experience. Evangelical tfshaioeintohslo. ghiacIsaflatshfuuapntpdosarumtpeponoftratClhfrsaitla~ltksi,eanCinhmr~tIhss-e- dominant currents which turn Society has now republIshed It, back to the B.iblicaDl coWnche.ptts of wI'th explanatory introductions., tianity ceases to be a "gospel" in the God and ChrIst. r. 1 e ac- in its original form. The EdI- local parish as well as on the mission cepts "the passing of the old ra- torial Secretary rightly says field. tional premises for doctrinal that it will stir the imagination constructidon' wthh ti c hh'Cathfoltihcs of all who care for the records of ingWefohr avtheehamdisesnioonuagrhy swpeocrikal opfletahde- have foun III e eac Illg.O e old days and are ready to honor church. What it needs is not special Church and Protestants III the the memory of a Christian pio- letter of Scripture." Is it not neer and hero. pleading but a clear realization that the world mission finds its oraratiloin~a-l rather t rubaectkhat 0t dtahye sWe I'otlhd prem- _ ARTHUR J. BROWN. justification as well as its m ises are a new perative in the very nature of ChrIstianity. This is what makes so neces- sary today a treatment of missions power? The future will show. The Deeper Life. By Max I. Reich. The future will show also 112 pp. $1.00. Wm. B. Eerdman from the point of view of Christian theology. whether Dr. White's construc- Pub. Co. Grand Rapids, Mich.

When Dr. White states his tion of a theology for Christian Those who share the convictheology, however, variances ap- missions will sustain and main- tion that the present urgent need Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the RllvIIlW publishers on receipt of price.

[446 ]

OUR MISSIONARY

is the deepening of the spiritual by the Apostles, and effective in which characterize his discuslife of the church will prize this a new righteousness from God, sion of the subject, which is volume of studies by a gifted and a new access to God, a new crea- especially timely in this year of able expositqr. Dr.· Reich is a tion by God for those who ac- the Edinburgh World Confermember of the faculty of the cept it. Dr. McNicol does not ence on Faith and Order. Moody Bible Institute and the start with a thesis to which facts book reflects both his deep spir- must be made to conform. His ARTHUR J. BROWN. itual discernment and wide appeal is to what "is written." knowledge of the Scriptures. How completely documented Missionary Illustrations. By Alva His approach is somewhat un- from Scripture his treatment is usual in that there is almost en- may be judged from the 500 ref- C. Bowers. 154 pp. $1.50. Flemtire absence of illustration or erences listed in the Scripture ing H. Revell. New York. appeal to emotion. The aim is Index at the end of the book. rather to bring into view great Yet the text does not seem cum- Here are stories of real exareas of spiritual privilege re- bered by excessive quotation. vealed in the Scriptures, which On the contrary, the argument periences, gathered by the au- Christians so largely neglect. moves steadily forward, without There is the constant holding up waste of words, from position to thor during his twenty-six years of the divine mirror to expose position, as each is established the deformities of the self life, and fortified in turn. Marked in foreign mission service. Pasand warning against formalism, with fine insight and evident ritualism and doctrinalism, as scholarship the book is neverthe- tors, Sunday school teachers and foes to highest spiritual attain- less not academic. It is wholement. The sixteen chapters are somely objective, and yet at the leaders of young people will find rich in sustenance for the inner same time is intense with feellife, especially those on Deeper ing. Obviously the Christian this book a mine of usable inci- Fellowship, Deeper Teaching, evangel has pro v e d in the and Deeper Peace. writer's own case to be "power dents that will increase the unto salvation," and he cherishes If there be any qualification in it with joyous conviction. Any- knowledge of other lands, and one's appreciation of a book of one who wishes to understand such high value and helpfulness, essential Christianity cannot do give point to inspirational this would relate to one or two better than read this book. instances of overstatement. truths. H. H. F. ARTHUR H. GORDON. HUGH R. MONRO. God's Methods for Holy Living. Church Unity. By the Rev. F. H. Dr. Donald Grey Barnhouse. 50 The Christian Evangel. By John Me· Knubel, D.D. 86 pp. 75 cents. cents. 93 pp. Revelation. Phila- Nicol, D.D. 12mo. 193 pp. $1.50. Board of Publication of the United delphia. 1937. American Tract Society, New York. Lutheran Church in America. 1937. 1937. This volume of brief addresses This discussion of church It is a good omen that books unity, by the distinguished presi- deals with a theme of which we are appearing, one after another, dent of the United Lutheran which seek to define Christian- Church in America, is in the hear all too little in present-day ity as presented in the New Tes- form of a commentary on the tament. Many have become Epistle to the Ephesians, whose preaching. Holiness has had a weary of the vague religiousness real theme is held to be the unity of much contemporary preach- of the Church, and in which St. prominent place in the great reing, and eagerly desire to know Paul presents the "fundamental what the original Christian mes- facts concerning unity," "Chris- vivals since Wesley's day, but sage really was. They wish to tian responsibility for unity" "distinguish the things that dif- and the proper methods for the because of the teaching of eradier." Dr. Machen's "What Is "promotion of unity by Chris- Faith," and Principal Michlem's tian denominations." cation and other extremes by book with a similar title, are calculated to meet this commend- Leaders who feel that true certain groups, a widespread able desire. The volume by Dr. unity should and will express it- McNicol belongs in the same self in union, that union does prejudice has recently grown up. class and certainly does not suf- not mean a standardized unifer by comparison. It is a clear, formity or a supergovernment, To omit a truth so essential as coherent, cogent setting forth of and that a closer union than now the "Christian Evangel" as fore- exists is long overdue, will prob- this leaves great areas of Scripshadowed in the Old Testament, ably not share Dr. Knubers fear made possible by our Lord, in of "the hurried establishment of ture uncultivated and the sym- His life and death and resurrec- an external union." They will, tion, certified by the gift of the however, respect the ability, sin- metry of Christian doctrine is Spirit at Pentecost, proclaimed cerity and fine Christian spirit sadly marred.

Dr. Barnhouse's approach is well balanced, scriptural, and in the fullest sense practical and helpful. His numerous illustra- tions are highly effective. the language clear and forceful, and there is a sustained interes '; throughout. The reader will lay down this book with a sense of spiritual refreshment and with much new light upon the Word of God. H. R. MONRO.

My Servant Moses. By E. Ray Cam- eron. A.M., Th.M. 12mo. 187 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Company, N. Y. 1937.

Here is a straightforward chronicle of the life of the great Hebrew lawgiver. It follows closely the Biblical record, util- izing often its very phraseology, and makes no attempt to ap- praise the documents critically, or speculate as to their origin.

Their full reliability is taken for The History of Sin Personal Items granted. The writer presents An illuminating and instruc- (Concluded from 2d cover.) ]doses as the chief instrument tive treatise on the little understood subject of the on church properties, and for a bish- through whom the Providence of origin and development of sin op's residence. God operated for the deliverance in the world. of Israel from Egypt. He traces Rev. F. Wh*itt*ake*r, an English The Marks of Sonship that Providence in detail from Methodist missionary in Hyderabad, the beginning to the end of Tracing in clear language the India, has been appointed mass move- ]doses' life, and seeks to inter- pathway of sonship. An ad- ment secretary of the National Chris- pret ]doses' reactions to it. He mirable treatise dealing with tian Council of India. This post is the very heart of the Gospel. made necessary by the situation fd1- introduces us to ]doses' inward lowing the Ambedkar movement of conflicts and hesitations, his ven- The History of Temptation the Depressed Classes. tures of faith, the motives which Barring what seem to us one *** actuated him, his hopes and or two extremes in statement, . trials and disappointments and this pamphlet throws a flood Rajah B. Manikam, Ph.D., has been of light on a subject concern- elected one of the secretaries of the triumphs. The result is no mere ing which there is far too National Christian Council of India, symbolic figure of the dim past, much superficial thinking. Burma and Ceylon. His time will be devoted to the Central Board of Chris- aloof and severe, but "a real When Winter Comes tian Higher Education and to the warm-blooded human being" of promotion of Christian literature. Dr. like passions with ourselves, and A tribute to those in advanced Manikam has been vice-principal of years by one in the prime of Andhra Christian College, supported "as lovable as any character in by the United Lutheran Church. history." The scattered facts of ]doses life are collected and in- *** Dr. Adolph Keller, director of the Central Bureau of Relief of the Evan- life. Emphasis is placed on gelical Churches of Europe, is coming cluded in the narrative, empha- to the United States this month. He the solid satisfactions of later will participate in the National sizing his versatility, his prodi- years when there are hallowed Preaching Mission and will give lecgious achievements and their abiding value. Now and then memories and a living faith. tures on the recent Oxford Conferthe story is made more vivid by In contrast to the unbelieving, ence. *** imaginative touches, as when such find light at eventide.

]doses and Aaron meet after HUGH R. MONRO. Obituary Notes forty years of separation and James Hudson Taylor of China. By Mrs. Hele,n Pierson Curtis. the J. J. Ellis. 96 pp. 2s. Pickering wife of the Rev. Frederick S. Curtis, talk over old times, or when the who spent forty years of her life with sensational experiences of Israel, and Inglis. London and Edinburgh. her husband as a missionary in Japan during the days immediately and Korea, died in New Haven, Conn., after the escape from Egypt, are Hudson Taylor was 'known as on July 5, 1937. She was born in Binghamton, N. Y., on August 9, relayed in the modern form of "the man who believed God." 1861, the daughter of Dr. and Mrs. news flashes. Judicious and per- Arthur T. Pierson. She was educated tinent practical suggestions ap- He believed God without any in Kalamazoo Seminary and after her marriage went to Japan in 1888 pear at intervals, which remind qualifications whatever. The where she did a notable work in teach- ing and evangelism. M'rs. Curtis is one that the book has its roots in awe-inspiring fact of his life survived by her husband and four a series of sermons preached to children. the writer's own congregation. was this simple faith; and the One finishes reading with a sense one great lesson to be drawn from it is the power of such a faith. H. H. F.

of profit from having become Seminary Militant. By Louise Porter Herbert Udn*y *W*eitbrecht Stanbetter acquainted with this most impressive Biblical character, Thomas. 117 pp. $1.00. Dept. of ton, for many years an associate edi- English, Mount Holyoke College. tor of The Moslem World, died on 1937. prior to Christ Himself. May 30 in London, at the age of eigh- One of the centennial publi- ty-six. Dr. Weitbrecht Stanton, schol- ARTHUR H. GORDON. cations of ]dount Holyoke Col- ar and linguist, was a distinguished Series of Six Booklets. 16 pp., with lege, being an account of the missionary of the Church Missionary heavy paper cover. By Donald Grey Society in the Punjab for more than missionary movement at the a generation. His long residence in Barnhouse. 10 cents each. Revela- college, inspired and developed India, and his intimate acquaintance tion, Philadelphia. by its founder, ]dary Lyon. The with Arabic as well as Urdu, specially Happy Though Poor book is interestingly compiled fitted him to write on Moslem prob- lems. An arresting discussion of the from letters, diaries, and note- secret of happiness, replete books of early students and *** with vivid illustration, sound teachers. Along with the strug- reasoning and clear Scripture Mrs. William Clifton Dodd, hon- teaching. orably retired Presbyterian mission- gle to develop higher education . ary to Siam, died at her home in Men Whom God Struck Dead for women was the dauntless re– Johnstown, Pa., July 4, 1937. Isabella Ruth Eakin was born at Solemn lessons drawn from solve to convert the world. The Rose Point, Pa., June 26, 1861, sailed long list of ]dount Holyoke for Siam on October 20, 1887. In 1889 alumnre who have served as mis- she became the wife of Dr. William judgments of Scripture. Each sionaries at home or abroad in- C. Dodd and for nearly 33 years they illustration is given a power- work as pioneers in that remote Laos ful present-day application. cludes the name of Dr. Ida field, hundreds of miles from the Scudder. fringe of civilization. H. H. F.

Book. For OCTOBER

SMTWTFS Africa and Christianity. Diedrich •• •• •• •• •• 1 2 Westermann. $2.25. Oxford Uni- 3 4 5 6 789 versity Press. London and New 10 11 12 13 U 15 16 York. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 27 28 29 80 Books for the Traveler or Sojourner 81 •••••••••••• in China. Harriet Hardison Rob- son. 24 pp. 25 cents. American Most Important Months Council, Institute of Pacific Rela- of the New Church Year tions. New York. NOVEMBER Be Sure DECEMBER Christianity and the Eastern Con- to Order IMTWTFS flicts. William Paton. 224 pp. .!..!!.TWTF. •• •••• 1 2 8 of $1.50. Willett Clark & Co: Chi- •• 11846' 6 8 7 8 91011 cago. 12 18 U 16 1617 18 7 8 9 10 1112 18 Christianity and Our World. John U 16 18 17 18 19 20 ………….. 19 20 III 22 28 24 26 C. Bennett. 70 pp. 50 cents. As- sociation Press. New York. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 212228 114 26 118 117 282728298081 •• The Church at the Heart of the 182980 •••••• World Christian Community. Es- ther Boorman Strong. 60 pp. Cbt Upptr Room 1. M. C. New York. OCTOBER-NOVEMBER-DECEMBER ISSUE The Divine Art of Soul Winning. J. O. Sanders. 96 pp. lB. Picker- With summer past and vacations over, it is time to ing & Inglis. London. inaugurate a new Church year and a new program. In many instances a new organization must be set up The Great Commission. W. Wilson or at least replacements made. New Members must Cash. 116 pp. 28. Oliphants be drawn into closer fellowship and the spiritual life London. of the old members must be quickened. For this period of cultivation the daily devotional life of the Dr. Bob Hockman – A Surgeon of individual is most important to the success of the; the Cross. Kathleen Hockman whole program. Friederichsen. 102 pp. 50 cents. Zondervan Pub. House. Grand More Than 15,000 Pastors Have Acclaimed Rapids. THE UPPER ROOM as the Most Effective In the Jungles of New Guinea. R. Daily Devotional Guide Obtainable Hanselmann. Pamphlet. Lutheran Book Concern. Columbus, Ohio. Pastors or group leaders are invited to order a trial supply on our liberal consignment plan. Use the or- Kagawa Comes Home. 25 cents. 66 der form below. pp. Friends of Jesus. Tokyo. CONSIGNMENT ORDER INDIVIDUAL SUBSCRIPTION- Morocco in Mufti. James Haldane. THB UPPER ROOM, 231 pp. 68. A. H. Stockwell Ltd. Issue for October, November, December Doctors' Building, London. (For use of Pastor or Group Leader. Nashville, Tenn.

The New Adorning. Reginald Wallis. Order ten or more copies.) Gentlemen: 65 pp. 80 cents. American Bible I am inclosing herewith thirty cents Conference Assn. Philadelphia. THE UPPER ROOM, (foreign, forty cents) for which please Natur Und Gnade in Der Mission- Doctors' Building, send me The Upper Room for one year, arischen Verkundigung. Theodore Devaranne. 28 pp. Ostasien Mis- Nashville, Tenn. postpaid, beginning with _ _ _ __ sion. Berlin, Germany. quarterly issue. Gentlemen: Pioneer Days in Darkest Africa. A. Name G. Ingleby. 176 pp. 28. 6d. Pick- Please send me copies ering & Inglis. London. of The UpPer Room, postpaid. I will Street or Route _ _ _ _ _ __ sell these for five cents per copy and Practical Christian Living. Thoughts pay for same when sold. It is under- Post·office _ _ _ _ _ State _ __ for Daily Meditation. Zelma Argue. 32 pp. 25 cents. Zondervan Pub. stood that I have the privilege of re- *A single copy by mail anywhere 10 Co. Grand Rapids. turning at your expense Bny unsold cents. Redeeming the Time. Report of the China Inland Mission. 82 pp. Lon- copies. don. Name Radiant Youth. Reginald Wallis. Street or Route _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 128 pp. 80 cents. American Bible Conference Assn. Philadelphia. Post·office _ _ _ _ _ State _ __ Seminary Militant. Louise Porter Thomas. 117 pp. $1.00. Mount Holyoke College. Mt. Holyoke, Mass.

Special Libraries D ire c tor y of Greater New York. 90 pp. $2.00. Delphine Humphrey. New York.

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Anti-Christian Anny —

200,000,000 Moslems The strongest united force opposing the claims of Christ and the progress of modern missions is the Moslem population of the world. Although the followers of Mohammed believe that Jesus was a prophet of God and although the Koran gives Him an exalted place, the Mohammedans refuse to accept Him as Son of God and the only Saviour from the penalty and power of sin.

The Moslems are not only extremely fanatical but they are also militant propagandists for their religious faith and practices. The difficulties they put in the way of Christian missionary work are especially felt in countries where Islam is in control or that claim a majority of the population. Such countries are: Egypt, the Sudan, North Africa, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Arabia, Iran, Afghanistan, parts of India, Malaya, China and southeastern Europe.

The October MISSIONARY REVIEW will be devoted to this subject-with articles by mission· aries and converts, maps and illustrations, news and book reviews. Among the articles will be: The Moslem World Today…………………………………… Dwight M. Donaldson Why Take Christ to Moslems …………………………………… Samuel M. Zwemer Some Moslem Superstitions …………………………………………. Davida Finney The Gospel that Wins Moslems …………………………………….. W. Wilson Cash Moslem Reactions to the Gospel …………………………………….. James Haldane My Experience with Moslems ………………………………………. " Frank Laubach Christian vs. Moslem Homes ………………………………… .Mrs. Edwin E. Calverley Medical Missions to Moslems …………………………………… , ….. Paul Harrison Encouragements Among Moslems ………………………………………. George Swan Sermon by a Convert from Islam ………………………… , ………. .Sa'eed Kurdistani What Christ Means to Me …………….. " …………………. .By Converts from Islam Best Books on the Moslem World ……………………………••..• •Samuel M. Zwemer 25 cents a copy –Send Your· Order Now– ~2.s0 a year ~20.00 a hundred Special Pmt! in ~antities if ordered bt!fore Septembt!T 15th THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRISBURG, PA.

Robert E. Speer, President Delavan L. Pierson, Editor

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1930

PELLICE

OOMING EVENTS Methodist Church in the early days. He was very active during the Centenary August 5-10-WORLD'S CHRISTIAN EN- Movement in the Japan Methodist DEAVOR CONVENTION, Berlin, Ger- Church, and had been prominently before many. the Church for several quadrenniums.

August 11-22-WORLD CONFERENCE FOR When Bishop Uzaki was elected for the INTERNATIONAL PEACE THROUGH RE- third time in 1927, Dr. Akazawa received LIGION, Basel, Switzerland. 18 votes out of the 63 on the first ballot, August 14-25-NATIONAL BAPTIST CON- only 11 votes less than were received by VENTION, Chicago, Ill. Bishop Uzaki on that ballot. Akazawa San was for several years President of August 19-24-GENERAL CONFERENCE, the Lambuth Bible Training School in SEVENTH DAY BAPTIST CHURCH, Osaka. He is a man of unusual evangel- Salem, W. Va. istic fervor. On the day after the re- election of Bishop Uzaki in 1927, Dr. August 24-27-EVANGELICAL BROTHER- Akazawa was elected Secretary of the HOOD, EVANGELICAL SYNOD OF N. A., Board of Missions of the Japan Method- NATIONAL CONVENTION, Elmhurst, ist Church, and has served the Church Ill.

August 26-29 – CONTINUATION COMMIT- in that position until his recent election TEE OF LAUSANNE CONFERENCE ON to the episcopacy.

FAITH AND ORDER, Murren, Switzer- Probably no man in the history of J a- land. pan Methodism has been more universal- August 30-September 5-CONTINUATION ly beloved, or more influential for his COMMITTEE OF UNIVERSAL CHRIS- deep evangelical piety than the man who TIAN CONFERENCE ON LIFE AND comes now to the first place of leader- ship in the Church.-Missionary Voice. WORK, Vevey, Switzerland.

September 16-17 – COMMITTEE OF REF- DR. FREDERICK'" B'". F'"ISHER, who has ERENCE AND COUNSEL, FOREIGN MIS- SIONS CONFERENCE OF N. A., New been resident Methodist Episcopal Bish- York, N. Y. op at Calcutta, India, since his election in 1920, notified the Board of Bishops of September 29-0ctober 1 – INTERDEN9M- his intention to "cease from traveling at INATIONAL MISSIONARY INSTITUTE, large among the people," as he purposed conducted by the Philadelphia Fed- to accept a call to the pastorate of First eration of Churches and the Wom- Church, Ann Arbor, Mich. en's Interdenominational Union of Philadelphia and Vicinity, Philadel- *** phia, Pa. DR. CHENG CHING-YI, Moderator of October 7-15-U N IT ED L UT H ERAN the Church of Christ in China, and an CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. outstanding Christian leader in that great land, is spending the early part of October 9-GENERAL CONFERENCE, EVAN- the summer in England. Other visitors GELICAL CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. from China this summer are Bishop October 14-19-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- Roots of Hankow and Dr. E. C. Loben- TION, DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wash- stine, both of whom have done yeoman ington, D. C. service for the National Christian Coun- October 19-23-WORLD CONVENTION, DIS- cil of China. *** CIPLES OF CHRIST, Washington, D. C. MR. BASIL MATHEWS has rejoined the November 30-December 5-NORTH AMER- group of workers of the International ICAN HOME MISSIONS CONGRESS, Missionary Council at Edinburgh House, Washington, D. C. London. He will not be a member of any of the existing staffs, but he has PERSONALS been set apart, without executive duties, DR. W. J. MCGLOTHLIN, President of for literary work, with youth especially Furman University, Greenville, South in view. He is at work on a companion Carolina, has been elected president of volume to "The Clash of Colour," dealing the Southern Baptist Convention. not with race, but with nationalism.

REV. HOMER M'c"MI'L" LA*N, D.D. has been *** MR. W. CAMERON FORBES has been chosen by President Hoover as Ambas- elected Executive Secretary of Board of sador to Japan. Mr. Forbes has been … Home Missions of the Presbyterian interested for many years in the Far Church in the U. S., succeeding Dr. S. L. East. Not only was he Governor Gen- Morris. eral of the Philippines, but he has made * '" * frequent visits to the Orient. He inher- REV. MOTOZO AKAZAWA, recently elect- ited from both his grandfathers tradi- ed Bishop by the Japan Methodist Church tions of active interest in matters Ori- in succession to Bishop Uzaki, who died ental. His mother's father was Ralph suddenly on April 2, has been for many Waldo Emerson. His paternal grand- years one of the leading preachers of the father was J. M. Forqes, one of the lead- Methodist Church in Japan. He was ing bankers of Boston, who was closely trained in the Southern branch of the associated with the families of Perkins, Russell and Sturgis in trading with the ALIFE- Philippines, China and Japan. INCOME FOR YOU *** Give generously to ForeIgn Missions. The Rev. Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, pro- Your gift will return fessor of systematic theology for the you last eighteen years at the Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Chicago, has been 4~% to 9% PER YEAR elected a secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 156 Fifth for the rest of your life Avenue, New York City. He will begin the duties of his new office on September under the Annuity Gift Plan, thus re- 1st. Dr. McAfee will succeed the Rev. lieving you of worry caused by changing Dr. Arthur J. Brown who retired in values of ordinary investments. May, 1929.

Dr. McAfee is widely known for his missionary knowledge and interest, having been a member of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, New York, for many years; having traveled widely throughout the mission field in Asia, and written several missionary books and many missionary articles. In 1924 he was the lecturer in the Joseph Cook Foundation.

O;BITUARY A reserve fund of over $1,500,000 guar- MR. E. Y. SCARLETT, of the L. M. S., antees the prompt payment of annuities was wantonly shot by Chinese bandits to you. April 2d, while on his way from Tientsin Protect yourself against loss to Peitaiho. through unwise investments and at the same time help *** send the gospel to all the world. DR. CLIFFORD MORGAN STUBBS was fatally wounded by a Chinese at Cheng- For full information write tu, Szechwan early in June. He went to ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary, China in 1913 for the Friends Foreign Mission Association and was Dean of the Dept. of Annuities Faculty of Science in the West China Union University. Dr. Stubbs was an HE BOARD OF outstanding friend of the Chinese and it FOREIGN MISSIONS is particularly tragic that he should have lost his life at the hand of some fanatic. of the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A. He was one of the leaders of the group of missionaries in Chfna who protested 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK against British military protection being afforded them, for he believed that missionaries should take every risk in the countries in which they felt called upon to work. When he returned to China in 1927 he refused to travel on a British gunboat on his way back to Chengtu.

*** . ·ZOO fR:;o::b·bY.!~l~'i$tNb .BY'e30fo' re Xmas :M:r.s.IM'~aOrOl.DB~a'n;. MISS MARION SCOTT STEVENSON of the Procesa. order. Church of Scotland Mission at Tumutumu, Nyeri, Kenya Colony, Africa, died FOR YOUR CHURCH OR YOURSELF at Glasgow. Her name will be partic- Make a. year's income in the next tour months-without ularly remembered for the development sales experience or soliciting strangers I Amazing "Snowof work for women and girls of the Tumutumu mission. To many she was r::ll~!:~~Ii:~g8 ~~c~De6h~J~~~~~:t'n~rdg:r~Oft known as the "Mary Slessor" of East Africa, and in recent years she specially America's fastest sell1ng line paying biggest volume of devoted herself to traveling about in the Kikuyu country. Just prior to her last commissions-liberal bonuses. prizes. illness she spent 483 out of 583 days under canvas, while visiting the women- WE FURNISH EVERYTHING FREEl folk of scores of villages. The work in We teach you wha t to say and do. It you want to tum your which Miss Stevenson was engaged won minutes into doJlars-to prepare for permanent full or the especial praise of the Phelps Stokes part time pOSition-write us at once. Millions of old Educational Commission to East Africa. customers waitingl THE PROCESS CORPORATION Troy at 21st St., Chic. . .

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I''" ,I, REVIEW OF THE WORLD I .. / DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor at Big Savings I It .• ARTHUR J. BROWN, Editor Jor 1930 Missionaries in foreign service should select their Christmas gifts now from our catalogue, ~ .~. CONTENTS-August, 1930 and take advantage of the unequalled values and big savings made possible by 100/0 cash I Page discounts on orders of $50.00 or more se- }<'RONTISPIECE ..•……………•.. 564 lected from our general catalogue, except flour ….. and sugar. Write for free copy. FAITHFUL WITNESS 01<' THE WAL- Church orders for Christmas donations to .' DENSIANS …… TERTIUS VAN DYKE 565 missionaries abroad receive our special atten- tion, including guaranteed safe delivery. ,. PROTESTAN'l'ISM IN EUROPE …… . Special wholesale discounts on orders from · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HARRY JEF~'S 571 Churches, Mission Boards. and other insti- tutions. PRO'l'ESTANTIS.I IN FRANCE …… . Foreign field secretaries can save money and ………….. Cn. MERLE D'.AUBIGNE 574 worry by anticipating the holiday needs of their stations. and ordering now direct from HELP FOR EUROPEAN CHURCHES ., 575 our Wholesale Department. JOHN H. HILL, MISSIONARY Al'D The above discounts are granted only on orders to missionary stations and institutions EDUCA'J'OR …………. E. J. CODY 575 abroad and to missionaries in foreign service. SAILING PEACEFULLY ON '1' H E All communications and orders must be sent to our YANGTZE … , ….. GEORGE H. TRULL 578 AMERICA AND THE CHINESE FAM- MISSIONARY BUREAU INE ……..•…..•.•. '1'. A. BISSON 583 Montgomery, Ward & Co. WHAT IS CHANGING INDIA? PAR'r CHICAGO, U. S. A. II ………….. DELAVAN L, PIERSON 585 THE RURAL CHURCH VOLUNTEERS MISSION STUDY BOOKS · .•.••.••….•… WARREN H. WILSON 5nO For 1930 "EVERY DAY IN EVERY WAY" ….. . For Adults and Young People · …………… I<'RANCES L. GARSIDE 595 PROFESSOR LUZZI'S TRANSLATION. 597 INDIA LOOKS TO HER FUTURE FIRST CHURCH CO:'ITFERENCE ON SO- By Oscar MacMillan Buck CIAl, WqRK . . . . . . AMELIA WYCKOFh' 5US INDIA ON THE MARCH A RIVAL OF CONFUCIUS …….•… (Revised Edition) • ••••……•.•..•…. S. H. CHESTER 600 BRITISH MISSIONARY SOCIETIES IN By Alden H. Clark CONFERENCE ..•.•….. H. W. PEET 602 TRAILING THE CONQUISTADORES TOPICS OF THE TIMES …….•…. 604 By Samuel Guy Inman Unemployment Editors of Religiou8 PreS8 Gonfer Gonference for Outgoing Mi88ionaries METHODS FOR WORKERS ……… .

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VORLD in writing to advertisers. The Synod of the Waldensian Church meets here each September to commemorate the "Glorious Return" of the Walden"ians, headed by Henri Arnaud, in 16S9 to the Valleys. The statue of Henri Arnaud was unveiled September, 1926.

~ !.. ,+~._i–=1t "1# 'k~-~ . ~~'". ,~ ~~1_. J~ _ . _—..~_~ ~ ';'~..'" ~ ~ )_"~.~ '

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LIII, No.8 August

THE MISSIONARY 16eWO. ,-~ ~. I fAITHFUL VITNESS OF THE W ALDENSIANS BY TERTIUS VAN DYKE Pastor CoogrcgatiooaZ Church, lVashington, Conn., and Direotor of the Amc";can Walden8ian Aid Society T HE Waldensian Church is the In these circumstances the Wal- oldest extant Protestant body densians and other forerunners of in the ·world. It is true that the Reformation had their rise. It the claim that it can be traced back was a time of many new move- to the primitive Church has been ments in the Church, most of disposed of, notably by Emilio which, as historic entities, passed Comba one of its own historians, away or were absorbed in later more than thirty years ago. Never- movements. The Cathari, the Hu- theless its clearly discernible ori- miliati, the Albigenses (so-called I! gin in the twelfth century easily from the town of Albi in Langue- assigns to the Waldensians the doc), the Patarini (whose name is honor of being the earliest of those derived perhaps from their trade ,I bodies known today as Protestants. in old linen or from the street in The twelfth century in Europe Milan called Pataria where they was a time of social change. The first congregated)-all these were clergy in general were becoming expressions of a religious renas- objects of distrust because of their cence among the people them- frequent abuse of privilege and selves. From the mountains of their often corrupt manner of life. northern Spain across the southern Much of the Christianity of the provinces of France and into Lom- people was degenerating into a bardy and Tuscany stretched a line ., thinly veiled polytheism and super- of "heretics" from which branches stition. The feudalistic system, went forth and found root in Bo- with which the Church was closely hemia and in the Low Countries.

identified, was coming to the end As already intimated these move- of its usefulness. Trade guilds ments cannot be exclusively traced were rising on the basis of mutual to reforming zeal within the helpfulness and a fellowship under- Church. Undoubtedly they were standable to the ordinary man. motived by political and economic And the troubadours by their ro- objectives as well as by strictly re- . ~" mantic ballads and no less ro- ligious purposes. Perhaps they can mantic wanderings were adding be most adequately described in their emotional strength to the terms of the resurgence of the com- current of social change. mon man in protest against the 565

luxury and tyranny of his masters plained, though I do not agree that and in assertion of his own under- it was justified, by three things: standing of life. First, the Church as an institution Peter Waldo, of Lyons, is com- was entering upon a life and death monly credited with being the struggle with the Empire; sec- founder of the Waldensian move- ond, the new orders of the Friars, ment, though some historians also as zealous champions of the Church call attention to the influence of in a rough and passionate age, Peter of Bruges, Henry of Cluny, were exerting an overwhelming and Arnold of Brescia. Waldo was pressure in the formulation of poli- a rich merchant of Lyons who came cies; third, within the Church to his conviction about the right of there was a life and death struggle individuals to read and interpret in the realm of doctrine between the Bible for themselves as the re- Orthodoxy and Catharism.

sult of reading the New Testament But whatever may have been the of 1 during a period of great sorrow at motive and the explanation, the the sudden death of a friend. facts are that in 1179 the Third '~ Gradually there assembled about Lateran Council specifically forhim a group of people interested in bade private Scriptural interpreta- .,., JI living a simple and charitable life tion and teaching by laymen; that and eager to read and interpret the in 1183 the Waldensians together , .A'.- Bible among themselves and with with the Cathari, Arnaldists, etc., others. At first they did not antic- were excommunicated'; and that ~~ ipate opposition from the Church. from then on the opposition of the In fact Waldo went to Rome to Church was for many centuries im- J gain papal approval for his plans. placable. Between 1208 and 1687 But it was not to be. Where St. there are said to have been more Francis succeeded in a somewhat than thirty organized persecutions similar request, Peter Waldo of the Waldensians. They were not failed, perhaps because of the place that the use of the Bible held in only anathematized, they were the latter's proposals. evicted from their homes and slain.

Yet it ought not to be said that In 1393 one hundred and fifty were the Church's opposition was en- burned in one day at Grenoble. In tirely a blind and obstinate opposi- 1487 Innocent VIn preached a tion. That it eventually proved to crusade against them. In 1545 the be a policy of reaction and there- Emperor had four thousand peo- fore a mistaken policy is certainly ple massacred amid the burning of the verdict of history. And un- a score of villages. In 1655 several doubtedly the means employed to thousand Waldensians were slain oppose private Scriptural reading at the fearful Piedmontese Easter.

and interpretation and teaching by But these people were not of the laymen were often unjust and stuff to be cowed by persecution.

tyrannical. Nevertheless, it is well Their "heresy" was too much a in the name of truth and justice to part of themselves. Besides, Eu- remember the situation. The early rope was full of the heresy in twelfth century had been a time of secret places, so that it was said tolerance in the Church. The sud- that in the fourteenth and fifteenth den change of this temper at the centuries a Waldensian could trav- end of the century may be ex- el from Antwerp to Rome and stop

FAITHFUL WITNESS OF THE WALDENSIANS

every night in the house of a fel- England and drew Cromwell's low believer. threat to the guilty Duke of Savoy and occasioned Milton's famous It is, of course, impossible to re- sonnet beginning, "Avenge 0 Lord, view Waldensian history in the thy slaughtered saints." It is inspace here at my command. Let teresting to note that Cromwell me therefore select for brief men- raililed a relief fund of £40,000, a tion six dates which may illustrate noble example of human sympathy in outline the course and signifi- a~ well as an illustration of world cance of that history. statesmanship.

First is the transfer of the Wal- In 1687 a determined effort to densian headquarters at the time root out the Waldensians from of the persecution of 1207 to the their mountain citadels resulted in valleys of Piedmont. Here in caves the exile of practically all of them and fastnesses they rallied them- to the friendly refuge of Switzerselves, here they settled down to land, and led to another notablE!· nourish the life of the Spirit with- event in Waldensian history. This in themselves and to endure he- was the astonishing feat of about roically the constant persecutions seven hundred men under Henri of their enemies, and hence they Arnaud, pastor and soldier, who, went forth when occasion offered on the night of August 15, 1689, as missionaries of their faith. To- crossed the Lake of Geneva and, day, the annual Synod of the repulsing the forces of Marshall Waldensian Church meets in Torre Catinat, won a way back through Pellice, and from this ancestral the Alps into Piedmont-a notable home directs the life and work of military manreuver. which won this oldest of all Protestant the unbounded praise of Napoleon Churches. Bonaparte. Ten days later, before the only church building which had The second date in Waldensian not been destroyed, that at Ghigo, history which I will mention is in the parish of Prali, Henri Ar- 1532, when, on the visit of Farel, naud preached, and on the follow- Saunier, and Olivetan at the Synod ing Sunday the whole band took in the vale of Angrogna, the Wal- an oath of loyalty at Sibaud (now densians became officially a part of marked with a monument), among the Reformation which had arisen the chestnut trees. in the wake of their own earlier witness. This decision drew upon The fifth date I shall mention is them fresh persecutions, but it also that of the pUblication of Canon marked a time when their whole Gilly's book, "Researches Among movement took on new life. Then the Waldensians, etc.," in 1831. it was that the first church build- This book may be said to mark the ings were erected in the valleys, a beginning of the spread of knowlnew impetus was given to Scrip- edge about the Waldensians as not tural knowledge through Olivetan's only a people who had greatly suftranslations, and some missionary fered, but who are religiously imadvances were made, notably in portant in their own right. It is Calabria. worth while to note his tribute to Waldensian character: A third great date is 1655, when occurred the fearful massacre well Their morals correspond with their known as the Piedmontese Easter. faith; and their lives and conversation The horror of this event reached

;J testify that the doctrines they profess The first Protestant Church in are those of the truth; for nothing Italy outside the valleys was that short of a firm persuasion that they are burning and shining lights, which at Turin, where Meille first are not to be put out, could have given preached in 1851. When Garabaldi them courage and perseverance suffi- entered Rome in 1870 the first cient to withstand the temptations to civilian to enter by the Porta Pia which their spiritual integrity has was Commendatore Matteo Prochbeen exposed, or to restrain the strong et, Moderator of the Waldensian hand which has been lifted up against Church, who bore a Bible in his them for more than ten (sic) cen- hand and shortly afterwards turies. preached there. Today two fine I had opportunities of observing the churches and the theological semi- conduct of individuals of this little nary bear witness to the industry community, at different times and and strength of the Waldensians under various circumstances, at home in the capital city of their nation. and abroad, in the transactions of There are now nearly sixty business and the kindly courtesies of life, and in their hours of devotion and churches in Italy and Sicily in adfestivity, and I am impressed with the dition to the seventeen churches in belief that there is nothing exagger- the valleys, with a total memberated, either in the favorable repre- ship of something over 20,000. The sentations made by their own chief statistical advances-I emhistorians, or in the eulogies of phasiZle the word statistical for strangers. though it is important it is by no Among others who were attract- means the sole mark of a success- 1 ed to the Waldensians at this time ful church-are being made today and became their friends were in Sicily. Here a beautiful new General Beckwith and Count Wal- church was dedicated three years burg Truches. ago, and a new church has more recently been founded at Piazza The final date I shall mention is Armerina. But though the mem- February 17, 1848, when Charles bership of the Waldensian Church Albert, King of Piedmont, at the is admittedly small, the constitinstigation of Cavour issued the uency which it is influencing is Edict of Emancipation which put by no means inconsiderable and, an end to the disabilities which as Dr. Giovanni Luzzi, former .confined the work of the Walden- Dean of the Theological School and sians to the valleys. From this translator of the "Fides et Amor" time on the story of the Walden- version of the Bible, has said: "The sians is that of the establishment development of the mustard seed of new institutions and the spread is not susceptible to any numerical of the work. valuation; and there is no human It is not my purpose to describe or mechanical dynamometer able to these various institutions which of measure the mysterious process by course include schools, orphanages, which the leaven of the Kingdom homes for the aged, Sunday-schools slowly but radically transforms an and missions as well as churches. individual, a family, or a country."

What I wish to emphasize is that In Uruguay and Argentina there immediately upon the removal of are colonies of Waldensians num- disabilities the Waldensians moved bering about four thousand peo- out into a larger sphere of activity. ple with eight self-supporting

churches, and there are a number Two criticisms are sometimes of such colonies in the United made of the Waldensian Church. States, chief of which is that at The first is that it lives by antag- Valdese, North Carolina, number- onism to the Roman Catholic ing about fifteen hundred people Church. The falseness of this ac- and with a strong church affiliated cusation seems to me to be ade- with the Southern Presbyterians. quately shown both by the history A number of Protestant Italian- of times past and by the activities American churches in this country of today. As a Director of the have Waldensian pastors or mis- American Waldensian Aid Society sionaries, and the origin of not a for nine years my experience with 'I > I( THE REFUGIO OF CARLO ALBERTO AT LUSImNA SAN GIOVANNI few of these churches can be traced the policies of the Waldensian back to the Waldensian Church in Church and my relations with its Italy. representatives lead me to be confi- Waldensian concern in education dent that the prevailing spirit is is proverbial. Berard has pointed that so beautifully and clearly ex- out that it was a striking fact in pressed by Carlo Lupo, of Turin, the Middle Ages that every Vau- who recently said: dois had a rudimentary education; As to the character of our work, and that concern is still one of the we hold that a polemic against the guiding lights of Waldensian pol- Roman Church is sinful. These days are too serious; no human organiza- ,. icy. It is reflected not only in the tion has the right to boast, over work of the schools in various against another, the monopoly of the 1. 1: places but in the college at Torre truth when this truth is not lived out .1,- Pellice, and most notably in the in the daily practice of life . . . Many distinguished culture of the leaders are the difficulties arising from big- of the Church. otry of every shade, but realizing that 570 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [August we are called to be as leaven in the Sweden, France, and the United meal, we seek to perform that sacred States gave $56,842, or less than function. twenty-three per cent.

The second criticism of the Wal- If we make the common mistake densian Church is that which con- of our day and think that big in- cerns money matters. It is some- stitutions and crowds and work times said that if it were not for done in the spotlight and to the the support of misguided foreign- accompaniment of the tom-toms of ers the Waldensians could not con- a peculiar kind of publicity are the tinue their work. What are the only important things, we may well .. facts? I quote from the report of disregard the Waldensians. But Fred S. Goodman (until recently if we are interested in Isaiah's Executive Secretary of the Amer- conception of the remnant, and in ican Waldensian Aid Society) on Jesus' teaching under the metahis return from the last meeting phors of leaven and salt, if we are of the Waldensian Synod in Sep- interested in history and find some- thing to be treasured in the story tember, 1929: of heroism, both in its everyday ."

While the total cost of all phases of as well as its occasional dress, if the work of the churches, schools, hos- we are interested in hardy folk pitals, asylums, pUblication, repairs, and in the stern yet essentially new buildings, etc., was only Lire 4,- cheerful principles of Protestant- 850,000 (about $225,263), three- ism-then the Waldensians may fourths was given in Italy by the Waldensians. England, Scotland, Hol- well occupy a large and generous land, Denmark, Switzerland, Norway, place in our minds and hearts.

In spite of the extraordinary revolutions in our intellectual world Jesus still captivates the human race with the splendor of the divine that radiates from Him. His image has become brighter and more vivid-that is all. Still He waits with a welcome all His own for those who seek God, waits for those who seek the true humanity. A discovery without parallel is in store for him who, in some hour of calm, penetrates all the theories of the centuries and comes out face to face with the human glory of Jesus. This Man once did live here! This Man once did walk our earth! There is a thought with substance enough to grip us our whole life long. But none the less overwhelming is the reaction accompanying that other discovery that God was in Jesus. In Him we behold God living right down among us, powerfully active in our behalf; God as He is willing also to live in us, and bear, and struggle, and conquer. Here is the life of God, clothing itself in a human form; and conversely, a unit of human nature transfigured by the presence of God…… Freely and royally we may take from Him what we can and receive from Him yet today, as we can obtain them from no other source-renewal of life for ourselves, . fulfillment of our ideals for our world, and ultimate union with God.-From "Behold the Man," by Friedrich Rittelmeyer.

, :,~

PROTESTANTISM IN

BY HARRY JEFFS Secretary of thc Evangelical Oontinental Society, London M ANY of the Protestant lions of people strongly under churches of the Continent Communist anti-religious influence. are struggling heroically to The young men and women who · ,i .. hold their own in the face of great will be the citizens and the wQrkers difficulties-poverty, the disorgani- of the future are being brQught up r I' zation of strong churches by the "without hope and without God in !- breaking up of the old Empires for the world," their minds poisoned the creation of new States, and in at the source, and prepared to be some cases by the QPpressive treat- easy victims to every temptation ment of Protestant national minor- that will beset them and a danger ities that have been incorporated to. the stability of society and the in new States. State.

On the Qther side these churches France of the Continent are threatened, The Protestant churches of along with the Roman Catholic France are striving bravely to Church itself, by a widely spread adapt themselves to the new con- atheistic Communism, which scoffs ditions and to play, as they have at all religion, and would destroy always played in the past, a part all churches and religious institu- greatly in excess of their numerical (, tions in the interest of a class-hat- strength, which is not more than a ing "Proletariat." The source of million in a forty millions popula- this bitter relentless atheism, with tion. The French Protestant budg- its destruction of all moral stand- et for Foreign Missions exceeds by ards, is Soviet Russia, where the £20,000 the budget for the home partial tolerance, for a time ac- churches. Those churches have corded to certain Evangelical taken over in a friendly way a bodies, has been withdrawn and number of the former London Mis- conditions have been imposed that sionary Society's stations in Mad- make it almost impossible for a re- agascar, the stations of the Ger- ligious community to worship at man Mission 'in the CameroQns, and all, and absolutely impossible for also maintain missions on the any evangelistic work to be done. Congo and in Cochin-China.

A "League of the Godless," formed At the present time the French to attack all religion, to. bring churches are confronted with a young people up in the starkest new and difficult problem in the atheism, and to scoff at all the migration of young men and wom- moral and spiritual standards en from agricultural areas to the created by the Christian faith, has growing industrial areas where enrolled in Soviet Russia alone better wages can be earned, and to more than a million members. But Paris and other cities. This means II this movement is not confined to that once flourishing and self-sup- Russia. In the new working class porting small churches are finding " I~ suburbs of Paris, for instance, it difficult to keep their heads above there are something like two mil- water, and that the migrating 571 572 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [August young people find themselves for Evangelicals in Cuba and the other the most part without a Protestant Spanish-American Republics. In church within reasonable reach in the end the sessions had to be held their new settlement and exposed in a church hall that seated only to influences that may speedily lead 400, the remaining 300 having to to their being lost to the churches listen in other places to broadaltogether. This has led to meas- casted transmission by means of ures being taken to follow them up loud speakers. Rigorous censorin some way by a "Ministry of the ship of the press was exercised to Dispersion." "We must evangelize prevent even mention of the Conor perish" was the note struck at gress in the papers. The most libthe Biennial Synod of the Evangel- eral-minded Spaniards, and their ical Free Churches of France at number is growing, are hoping that in the new Constitution that Moncoutant. is being shaped there will be at Spain least some steps taken to give Evangelicals reasonable liberty of As compared with France, worship and evangelization. In where the Protestant churches suf- spite of all the difficulties, good fer no hindrances from the govern- work is being carried on by these ment and 'have equal rights with Spanish Evangelical Churches. the Roman Catholic Church, the Evangelicals of Spain carryon Belgium their mission of preaching and teaching a pure Gospel faith, in the The 10,000 or so Protestants, in face of bitter repressive activities. a population of 7,000,000, are, as Every obstacle "is put in the way of the million Protestants of France evangelists and colporteurs, and and the small minorities in other every pretext is used to stop their Roman Catholic countries, a very work, even fines and imprisonment worthy remnant. There are two are inflicted for alleged breaches sections of the Protestants. One, of regulations. Last September an the Union of the Evangelical Evangelical Congress was held at Churches of Belgium, receiving Barcelona, to which came delegates concurrent endowment from the from many countries, including State, is known as "The National Cuba, and other ex-Spanish coun- Church." The other, relying entries of Central and Southern tirely on the voluntary contribu- America. The delegates numbered tions of its members, supplemented 700, and there was no evangelical by contributions from Protestants church or hall in the city large where Protestants are in a much enough for the sessions to be held stronger position, is the Christian in. Application to the Governor of Missionary Church of Belgium. the Province and the city authori- The two Churches are on the best ties to hire a hall large enough was of terms, linked in a Federation, refused. And yet among the dele- and are united in missionary work gates were leading men of the ex- on the Belgian Congo. Spanish West Indian and American dominions, and there were Ita.ly petitions from those Republics asking that the same liberties should In Italy the Waldensian Church, be granted to Evangelical commu- with its long and noble history, is nities in Spain as are conceded to doing successful mission work, not only in the north, but in the south ings are held in farm buildings and of Italy and in Sicily. The Evan- often in «ottages. The people de- gelical Continental Society has for vour ravenously the Bible readings many years helped its work. The and the simple Gospel messages.

Italian Government gives full lib- They are for the most part so poor erty to the Protestant churches, that Mr. Bychinsky said few tasted and is not at all disposed to allow meat more than three or four times the schools to be captured by the a year. "We are prepared to suf- Vatican, in spite of the recent re- fer," he said, "as you suffered in storation of the nominal temporal past generatIOns, but we do need power of the Pope. and ask for your sympathy and Eastern Europe help. We are organizing a Church in which the Lutheran and Re- The German churches have be- formed sections are forgetting come a most important factor in their differences and uniting. We saving religion in the East of Eu- do ask that no attempt will be rope. They are alive to the need and made to come into our country t ,_ the opportunity and work with the with the intention of starting new Central European Bureau for In- divisive sects."

~r ter-Church Aid, of which Dr. Adolf Evangelical Continental Society Keller, of Geneva, is the untiring I and inspiring Director. An aston- In addition to its nearly eighty ishing spiritual revival is spread- years encouragement of Evangeli- ing like wildfire through the thirty cal Churches, the Evangelical Con- millions of Ukrainians in the new tinental Society is associated with Poland and in Soviet Russia. The the Central European Bureau and, revival began with Ukrainian pris- therefore, takes an active sympa- oners of war in German camps, thetic interest in the support of who came under the influence of Evangelical Churches in the whole the camp chaplains. On their re- of Europe. The Society, by its turn they began to preach and read booklets, has already done much the Scriptures, with results such to inform the minds and enlist the as those that followed the preach- sympathy of British Evangelicals ings and readings of Wiclif's in the concerns of the Continental "Poor Preachers" and the preach- Churches. It acts as a bureau of ers sent out by Luther. Dr. Zoeck- information and has given much ler, of Stanislaw, Poland, who has information asked for by corre- much of the evangelistic and or- spondents with regard to English- 0j( ganizing genius of John Wesley, speaking services on the Continent, I has built up at Stanislaw a great Protestant educational institutions .1 institution for spiritual training and the like. Its committee and I I and benevolel'lt work. council include leaders of most of Mr. Bychinsky, of Lemberg, Po- the Evangelical Free Churches and land, has proved to be a tireless Evangelicals of the Church of Eng- and capable organizer of the com- land. It aims solely at assisting the munities being created by the con- indigenous historic churches of the verts of the Revival. The country Continent, with no thought of pros- ~ j, people flock to the meetings from elytising in the interest of any '.' the whole district around. Meet- British denomination. BY THE REV. CH. MERLE D'AUBIGNE, D.D.

President, SociIJU Oentrale Evang{;/ique, Paris T HE conditions in which we conviction that our duty and our are pursuing our work in privilege is to bring the Gospel of France are rapidly changing. Jesus to our people. And it is be- In fact we have seen since the War, ing brought to them, deliberately in the spiritual and religious realm, and perseveringly, by our general a complete transformation. The evangelistic agencies: the Societe materialistic and agnostic philos- Centrale EvangeIique, the Cause, ophy, which, with Taine and Re- the McAll Mission as well as by the nan, had reigned supreme during various home mission committees fifty years, has been replaced by working in connection with our re- another infinitely more respectful gional Synods and Presbyteries.

of the tenets of the Christian faith In our Reformed Evangelical and mindful of the spiritual nature Church a great deal of attention of man. The Roman Catholic has been given to the deepening of Church, which had lost its hold on the spiritual life among our mem- the mass of the French people, is bers and to a more devout appre- developing a remarkable activity ciation of the Sacrament of the in all spheres of human enterprise: Lord's Supper. An effort to raise social, political, scientific and more the minimum salary of all our pas- than all literary, and by the zeal of tors and evangelists from £70 to its priests, its work among the £104 a year, has been the means of young, its schools and colleges, its increasing considerably the Iiber- mISSIOns and "retreats," the ality of our people, but has weighed strengthening of its sacramental heavily upon the finances of all our action, it is endeavoring and has, churches and societies. It is en- in a great measure, succeeded in couraging to note that, in spite of retrieving the losses it had made the very low amount of these emol- during the last half century. The uments, the number of young men working classes and peasantry are who are offering themselves for the still generally indifferent or hostile, ministry is steadily increasing.

but the well-to-do and educated are Not for many years have we had being won back rapidly to the in- as many fresh theological students fluence of the Church. entering our colleges: 17 in Mont- This change of atmosphere is pellier, 13 in Paris, 12 in Stras- naturally affecting our own work. burg. Our Paris Missionary Col- The days are past when mass move- lege has been transformed, our ments towards Protestantism took future missionaries will henceforth I place among the Roman Catholic be prepared in our Divinity Halls population and ex-priests sought and after graduation will spend a admittance into our Reformed min- year at the Missionary House for j istry. Our propaganda has to special training. J adapt itself to the new conditions Our Paris Missionary Society in I, and our enrolment of converts has spite of grievous financial difficul- to be made one by one. But there ties, is going ahead in its nine fields is no wavering among us of the of work in Africa, Madagascar and 574 I~ • the Pacific Islands, and is contem- son to be thankful for the spirit of plating a forward move'in Soudan enterprise manifested in our vari- from Senegal. ous schemes, and we are hopeful On the whole, and notwithstand- for the future of the Lord's work ing our deficiencies, we have rea- in our fair land of France.

.'" HELP FOR EUROPEAN CHURCHES BY THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BUREAU .- ~. T HE Central Bureau for Re- tide over a temporary shortage of lief was instituted in 1922 as food and clothing. About 200 the- the relief agency of Protest- ological students were enabled to ant churches for helping their sis- finish the studies that poverty ter churches in Europe which were would have compelled them to stricken by the War and its after- abandon, and a new ministry is effects. Up to the close of 1928, being built up for the religious life the American office raised $637,- of the Continent. Promising evan- 382. The European churches col- gelical movements in various parts lected $301,024 during the same of Eastern Europe have received period. The American office took support. The reconstruction of the $62,500 as its goal for the year French Protestant churches de- 1929, and went over the top, re- stroyed by shell-fire was completed.

ceiving $62,922.71, in spite of the Above all, a bond of sympathy has current financial depression. been created between the churches tI A far greater achievement, how- here and those abroad, which has ever, lies in what this sum accom- greatly increased their sense of plished. During the years 1923 world-wide Protestant solidarity.

and 1924 the bureau kept hundreds After an earnest plea by the .,. of pastors and religious workers European churches at an interna- from actual starvation. More than tional conference at Basle, Switzer- 75 Protestant orphanages and old land, in August, 1929, the Ameri- peoples' homes were saved from can Executive Committee voted to having to close their doors. More continue for another five years.

than a hundred others received The Bureau looks toward an an- grants which enabled them to make nual goal of $50,000, or a total of absolutely necessary repairs or to $250,000 for the five-year period.

JOHN H. HILL, MISSIONARY AND EDUCATOR BY E. J. CODY, NEW YORK T HIS year marks the centenni- fellow men, and if any land ever al of the Episcopal Mission to needed help it was the Greece of Greece. Missions are usually that day. Ground under the heel of sent to those to whom the Gospel is Turkish oppression for four cen- II unknown and obviously it has been turies, the urge of a free people known in Greece since the time of for their rights culminated in the Christ; but there is still another Seven Years War and continued Christian duty, that of aiding our until the combined fleets of Eng-

land, Russia and France destroyed on July 18, 1831, they opened the the Turco-Egyptian fleet. During doors of their own home in Athens the struggle, the sympathy of the to all poor children of the city.

entire civilized world was aroused, Four years later their daily at- and men like Dr. S. Howe, of tendance had risen to over 750 America, and Lord Byron, of Eng- pupils. That their work was ap- land, together with Philhellenes preciated is shown by the manner from many other countries, enlist- in which the parents rushed to the ed in the Greek army and many of defense of the school when several them gave their lives while in its influential papers attacked them service. for teaching religion. These peo- Peace was declared in 1829, and ple, high in governmental, adminis- many governments aided Greece in trative and commercial circles, her efforts to achieve self govern- quickly defeated this attack, but it ment and economic independence. served to bring the good work of With a knowledge of the needs of Dr. Hill to the notice of the Gov- these people and a belief that ernment.

Christians were more responsible The Hills had been content up for the welfare of their fellow men to this time to teach all those who than governments, the Board of the came to their doors, but a peculiar Protestant Epi~copal Missionary combination of circumstances de- Society appointed the Rev. John veloped which resulted in Dr. Hill Henry Hi)J, D.D., LL.D., as mis- introducing and establishing mod- sionary to Greece. Although born ern education in Greece. Kapodis- in England, he was educated in this trias headed the Government at country, both at Columbia College that time and had little sympathy and the Theological Seminary at with education. He had been Alexandria, Virginia. Shortly after trained at the Russian court and his ordination he married. Sail- believed that educated masses were ing from Boston, they landed at too inflammable and had too much Syra, one of the islands of the tendency to revolt, so he took no Grecian archipelago, Dec. 7, 1830. steps to supply the badly needed The conditions they found were ap- schools until public opinion defi- palling. Poverty, misery, ignor- nitely forced him. When con- ance and superstition were on fronted with this necessity, he de- every hand. Schools and churches cided to import several Bavarian had been prohibited by the TurkIsh educators, having been impressed Government and the amount of il- by their autocratic attitude and literacy was matched only by the contempt for the peasant class. The perverted religious tradition which superior bearing of these men al- resulted from the attempt of the ienated the students, while their Turks to graft Mohammedanism methods and discipline eventually on the Greek Christian faith of caused an open rebellion. This re- the people. volt of the students was so strongly The Hills spent several months supported by the people that the inspecting their new territory and system was abolished.

in analyzing the needs of the peo- Mystoxides, the Minister of Edu- ple. They decided that more could cation, knowing the position of be accomplished by educating chil- esteem and affection in which Dr.

dren than in any other manner, so Hill was held by all classes, finally

JOHN H. HILL, MISSIONARY AND EDUCATOR

asked him to open a teacher's col- at long intervals. His few remain- lege where native Greeks might fit ing relatives still smile when they themselves to fill positions in the remember his embarrassment at various schools and universities having to relearn English upon which were being established. Dr. his arrival. In the school and in Hill agreed on the condition that their own household the Hills used he was to select half of the pupils the Greek tongue. In 1869, he re- for the school and defray half of signed as active head of the school, -.1' _ the expense, the Government bear- feeling that his advanced age un- ing the remainder of the cost and fitted him for further efficient selecting the other pupils. Mys- direction, turning the school over toxides agreed to this and the new to Miss Bessie Masson, his wife's school was opened. Due to the small niece. He remained on the adviso- number of teachers available, only ry board, however, until his death twenty-five students were admitted on July 1, 1882.

the first year. As time went on this He was buried in the mission class became larger and after an cemetary at Athens at public ex- intensive course in pedagogic meth- pense, with the honors of a Grand ods, the graduates gradually filled Commander, before a °great crowd the various schools and universities of people representing every class of the country. This class con- of society. The city council of tinued until the various schools Athens voted to erect a monument were able to train their own pupils commemorating his services with as teachers. the love and gratitude of the Demos In 1835, the many weary months of Athens, an honor never before of overwork and nerve strain accorded to anyone. Two years threatened Mrs. Hill with a nerv- later, in 1884, Mrs. Hill joined her ous breakdown and she returned husband in his last rest.

to America for a rest. On the day A century has elapsed since the she sailed, King Otho wrote, ex- foundation of this school and thou- pressing his pleasure and grati- sands of children have passed into tude for her work and conferred on its doors to emerge as cultured her a gold medal as a lasting token women. Not only in Greece but of his appreciation. Dr. Hill ar- all up and down the Mediterra- dently desired to accompany and nean, Greek women living far from care for her on that long trip, but Athens send their daughters to it.

his work in connection with the That the high cultural, intellec- '(0 newly opened school held him in tual and spiritual level Dr. Hill Greece. Mrs. Hill arrived in the visioned lives after him is shown United States in the summer of by a letter from the Honorable C.

1835. Under the care of friends Gondicas, Minister of Education she quickly recovered, held numer- and Religion, dated December 18, ous conferences with other educa- 1928, wherein he writes: "I am tors, and by appeals to friends and glad to tell you that the Hill School others interested in the work be- is very wellknown to this Ministry ing done, was able to return to as one of the best schools in !I Greece with several thousand dol- Qreece; as much for its regular lars for further improvements. and efficient work, as for the really Dr. Hill remained in Greece all great services which it has rend- his life, coming to this country only ered to female education."

2

PEACEFULLY ON THE

BY THE REV. GEORGE H. TRULL Secretary oj the Presbyterian Board oj Foreign Missions, New York· .t MID wars and rumors of wars, America. Yet this is war-torn, f l charges and counter-charges distraught China!

of General Yen Hsi Shan and Quite probably, lurking in or be- of President Chiang Kai Shek, I yond the hills I see, there may be am sailing peacefully up the Yang- roving bands of bandits. A man tze toward Hankow, China's Pitts- was kidnapped during the week burgh or smoky mill city. On the within 13 miles of Nanking. As I left is the fading outline of beau- walked along the streets of Soo- tiful Purple Mountain, sloping chow three days ago, my com- gracefully 1,300 feet skyward back panion pointed out to me a poster of Nanking. On the right is a level that was still wet with the paste plain in the foreground, green to that attached it to the pillar. "Do the very rivet's edge with growing you see that character?" he said.

reeds. A few cattle are grazing in I looked and saw. It was as strange the distance. Back of them are to my foreign eyes as any other of trees and rising ground. A house the many thousands of written here and there, or a collection of characters our Chinese friends use them in a small village, peeks out for the conveyance of ide a s.

in the landscape. Back of them on "Well," said my friend, "That char- an elevation of the foothills I see a acter means 'man.' It is placed temple, and on beyond a pagoda upside down and that means a 'lost rises from the top of a higher hill man' or a man who is out of place.

as protection from evil for the He has probably been kidnapped dwellers in village and countryside. and this poster relates to him."

Against the sky, in the background Yesterday evening's paper records of this picture there rises a range the fact that two days ago in of higher hills or lower mountain Shanghai, Mr. Tong Tzezeu, one of peaks in graceful undulation. Their the compradores (highly paid and sides are not bare and barren, as I trusted employee) of the Bank of had expected to see all of China's Communications, was kidnapped mountains, but clad from base to by a band of four armed men as summit with verdure. They are he was leaving his front door for not completely forested it is true, his office and was about to enter but neither are their slopes barren his private automobile at the curb.

and sunbaked. The range parallels The chauffeur was shot in the the river and over it are resting shoulder as he attempted to aid his banks of stationary clouds – the employer. The bandits put Mr.

whole an area of quietness and Tong into his own car and drove peace in the countryside such as is away before bystanders realized found in many a spot of our own what was happening. This was • Mr. Trull is visiting the missions In Asia. before office hours in the morning. His "Travel Letters" are so interesting that we At five p. m. Mr. Tong's car was wish they could be printed in full. Space found on Ping Tsi Lee Road in the limits, however, permit us to cite only a few French Concession, but he was not portions. We hope to give extracts from other letters in subsequent issues.-EDITOR.

578 ,.,..t.

in it. The technique reads like that steam past the danger zone of " of American bandits making off South China.

with bank deposits or registered A friend who made a visit to the mail pouches. The Shanghai police missions some time ago, traveling are investigating the case. westward, told me that by the time Monday morning Chinese sol- he reached Canton he looked at diers arrested two armed robbers things with a glassy stare. Impres- in the act of holding up a shroff sions failed to register. We have .( . (business agent) aboard a Shang- come eastward to Canton and be- hai-Hangchow train as it was pass- yond, a longer route, and we no ing through Lunghwa Station, longer feel for the camera when a about half an hour out of Shang- donkey appears on the sidewalk, hai. We were over this line last nor exclaim with surprise when his week and we noticed that when the hoarse and strange bray rends the conductor passed through the train still air. We do still thrill, how- to collect tickets, four soldiers ac- ever, at the sight of a Chinese junk companied him. Such a procedure on river or canal with its broad ,. on the Philadelphia and Reading picturesque sails set to the breeze, Express or. the Santa Fe Chief and at the beauty of the camel would be regarded by the pas- back bridges over canals with sengers as a bit unusual. But in gently rising steps from either end China "there's a reason," and no to the middle, shaped underneath one questions the logic of it. to a semi-circular arch from the Further south on the coast below two banks. We rej oice, too, in the , Hongkong dwell the descendants, curved lines of the Chinese roofs, I as far as trade is concerned, of the their figured decorations and their buccaneers of the old Spanish color tones. China has for us a Main. They are men of a different charm peculiarly its own, and is race from those who roamed the registering impressions on mem- Caribbean Sea years ago, but they ory which we trust may linger with are akin to them in purpose, dar- us long.

ing and adventure. They have Our boat to Hankow, six hun- terrorized small coastal shipping, dred miles up the Yangtze from f' the countryside, and up the Pearl Shanghai, the "Kutwo," is a com- River to Canton and beyond. They fortable river craft, with large boast that some day they will board sleeping cabins, a combined dining a large liner, pilot it to one of their room and lounge, wide decks with lairs and strip it of such booty as steamer and other comfortable they want. This seems an idle chairs in which to recline and en- threat, however. The intelligent joy relexation as the eye rests on among the pirates, who alone might the changing scenery. I was told stage such a performance, know that the trip to Hankow was one well that wealthy travellers carry of the most restful in China, and their money in checks and not cash, the first few hours of the experience ., and that booty in a liner's hold is supports this claim. It is differ- too bulky to remove quickly and ent from another boat trip that we I could not be readily handled or con- have had along China's shores and verted into coin. So let world I would recommend this one as travelers and others on the liners others have to me.

rest easy on their pillows as they Yesterday my host pointed out "

to me on a map the region in which cause of a motive. All honor to he and the other evangelistic mis- our heralds of the News! sionaries at Nanking itinerate. It The scheduled time for the upis their country field. Miss Jane river boat to leave Nanking for Hyde is out there now. He showed Hankow is six a. m. and inquiries me the two points between which of the line's agents confirmed this she was t r a vel i n g yesterday. report. Folks told us that boats "What is the mode of conveyance?" often do not get away until noon I asked. "Wheelbarrow or don- or later. Who wants to take the key's back" was the reply. Neither chance, however, when a set itinis as restful as my present trip on erary up-country is dependent on the "Kutwo." There is no other the steamer? Why not phone the way, however, by which to go dock before getting up and find out through some parts of the country when the "Kutwo" will arrive? field in China today, unless one There are three objections to so walks or is carried in a sedan chair. sensible a thing; there is no tele- Roads are being constructed in and phone in the home where you are near the large cities for use by staying; there is no connection in motor cars, and within the next the office of the steamer on the hulk few years thousands of miles of of a discarded boat tied to the river highways will connect all parts of bank; the office on said hulk opens China with one another. This era at nine a. m. of wide roads is just beginning, In the circumstances, would you however. .For centuries one of the rise early and go down to the dock most traveled highways in China, on the supposition that the "Kutwo" hundreds of miles long, was but might be waiting there for you, or twenty-seven inches wide, sufficient would you roll over and take anfor chair bearers to walk on. It other nap? Well, we rose early has now been widened part of the and drove nearly six miles to the way for the use of the automobile. river. We reached the dock at Perhaps in no other land than 6: 30 a. m., as we knew the boat China will one see today so many would hardly leave within half an different modes of transportation hour if she should chance to arrive and travel, the most primitive in on time. We boarded the hulk alcontrast with the most modern. ready mentioned. No benches were For years to come there will be in sight. An iron capstan or two many a hamlet far removed from were visible but not inviting, so we train, steamer or highway. Into looked in the cabin windows and these places, as well as into the saw the desks and chairs of the large centers, will still go the mes- company's office. An obliging emsengers of good tidings of salva- ployee, who we discovered was a tion, as they are now going and as member of one of our churches, they have gone since the beginning told us we might use the office for of the missionary enterprise in writing purposes. So we brought China. Miss Hyde and other evan- our portable into action. About gelistic missionaries think little of ten o'clock, smoke on the eastern the discomfort of a wheelbarrow horizon indicated the approach of or of a donkey's back. They use the "Kutwo." There was quite a them as means for a message be- bit of loading to be done, and by

SAILING PEACEFULLY ON THE YANGTZE

a 2: 15 p. m. she loosed her moorings the former, the deposit of the coffin and set her prow up-river for on the ground might be only tem- Hankow. porary location, until removal to Impressions of China's Millions the permanent tomb. In locating the proper spot for the final rest- Massed multitudes, living and ing place, the soothsayer is ordi- dead! This is one of the very dis- narily consulted by the supersti- tinct impressions of my first days tious. He also advises as to the on Chinese soil. It is one thing to lucky day for the final rites. If a read the figures 400,000,000; it is person dies far from the ancestral another to come in direct contact home and there is a family burial .' with this vast multitude of human plot, effort will be made by his sur- beings, a fourth of the human race. vivors to place his body with the .., THE BOA'l' POPULA'l'ION AT CANTON Many times 400,000,000 have fin- ancestors even though it may be ished their struggle for existence. years before this is accomplished.

In the fields, on the hillsides every- Regard for ancestors is one of where, one sees mounds covering the characteristics of the Chinese.

the mortal remains of the dead. In It is a worthy trait, serving often- parts of China it is not the custom times as a restraint from evil doing to inter, but to place the coffins on and as an incentive to good. Chil- the top of the ground. We saw dren are early taught filial piety them there without any cover and they respect old age. The dead .' whatever, the lids deteriorating are not forgotten by the living. In from the effects of the weather. many cases, there is evidently fear . (, Some have a covering of straw as to what the departed may do if matting; on others earth is heaped their spirits are not properly re- . , i- or there is a brick covering or a spected; but mingled with this is I" stone or concrete mausoleum. In also filial regard and a deep feeling the latter cases, these were the final of unity with those who have gone resting places of the departed. In on before. I was in South China

in early April when people visit the roadway, he is surrounded by a graves, bringing food and paper curious yet friendly throng who money. They burn the money so simply stare, evidently wondering that the souls of the departed may why the stranger stops instead of have in the spirit world provision proceeding. There must be some for existence there. Incense is also cause, so "Let's stop too and find burned as an offering, and a paper out," reasons the bystander. If streamer, attached to a stick, or a you are inclined to shop, the entire branch of a willow tree, is stuck neighborhood of the store is inter- into the ground to keep away evil ested. Some brass locks attracted spirits. The significance of these my attention one day as I walked rites doubtless differs with the in- down a narrow street. The fact dividuals engaging in them. Com- that I was interested in locks mon to all is belief in the existence aroused the interest of passersby of the departed in the spirit world in me, as a possible purchaser. So and a desire to pay tribute to them. they stopped to watch the for- Among the boat population of eigner negotiate a purchase of Canton I saw willow branches at- about thirty cents value. They tached to the bows of most of the wanted to see my selection and sampans, "slipper" boats and junks hear the bargaining. One at- as tribute to the ancestors whose tracted another and soon there was bodies rest not under any mound quite a group in front of the shop on land but beneath the waters of opening on the street, blocking the the river. sidewalk. A Chinese might have It wa~ my first sight of the boat bought that lock without attract- dwellers on the river at Canton, ing notice, but for the foreigner to thousands huddled together like do it caused a traffic jam. If New sardines in a tin, that gave me a York's majority resident popula- novel impression of China's massed tion were black-haired, yellow- multitudes. I have seen large skinned, with almond-shaped black crowds on shore many a time. But eyes, they too would linger for a never before have I seen little "sight see" of a barbarian with "slipper" boats, about four feet light hair, white skin, and round j wide by fifteen or twenty feet long, blue eyes buying radio material ~ some bigger, crowded side by side from a sidewalk store on Cortlandt t in one great mass. The breadth of Street. Human nature is about the life for these river folk is well same whether in Canton, China, or I typified by the size of their craft. Canton, Ohio. It is not a man's They are born, live and die within race but his human nature that j cramped quarters. Life to them is makes him curious and eager to meager in its content. Years spent see the strange and novel. I was j within eighty square feet of space looking for what was to me strange is a narrow range for existence. and novel in China. The Chinese I On shore, there are also multi- were looking at what was to them tudes, swarming in and out of the strange and novel, myself. We J narrow streets, dodging rickshas, were therefore both alike. The …. heavily laden drays pulled by men, only difference was that there hap- .,J carriages, automobiles, buses and pened to be more of them than of trucks. If a foreigner stops, even me, and so they jammed the street for a moment, on the sidewalk or in front of the shop.

AND THE CHINESE

BY T. A. BISSON Research Department of the Foreign Policy AS80ciation T HE question has been re- to China were in default, and while . peatedly raised in recent China still lacked a stable govern- months why various groups ment to underwrite the new issues.

in the United States that should be The attitude prevailing in Americooperating whole-heartedly to- can business circles was officially ward relief of the Chinese famine sanctioned by the report of a Red are quite evidently working at Cross delegation that visited China cross purposes. The American during the summer of 1929. Acting people have not been deaf to the on this report, the central commit- call for relief; well over $1,000,- tee of the American Red Cross in 000 has been contributed in the September, 1929, decided against last two years. But the appeal has entering upon famine relief. not been unanimous, and the re- The positions adopted by these sponse has therefore not been ade- influential groups in the United quate to the need. Mr. Grover States rest upon three contentions: Clark, former editor of the Peking 1. That the famine is not a natural Leader, recently returned from the calamity but the result of internal famine district, has estimated that political dissensions; 2. That the at least 5,000,000 people have al- existing political disorder renders ready died as a direct result of this relief aid from the outside ineffec- famine in northwest China, and tive and impracticable; 3. That that at least another 2,000,000 will foreign aid in relief work lessens be dead before the next crops come the sense of responsibility of the in. In other words, before the fam- Chinese for dealing with the famine is ended it will have killed more ine problem. than half as many people as the The answer to the first of these World War killed in Europe. Why contentions is unequivocal. For has there been no effective nation- three consecutive growing seasons wide mobilization of the resources very small crops or no crops at all of the United States on a scale suf- have been harvested in China's ficient to meet this need? vast northwest, owing to the scar- It is no secret that those who are city of rainfall. Mr. Grover Clark genuinely interested in relieving writes: the situation in China have found This long continued drought is the it impossible to stir the controlling basic cause of the famine …… Milibusiness interests of the United tary disturbances, incidental to the States into activity. A number of quarreling of the various chieftains American banking firms have been for self-preservation or power, unapproached with the proposition of questionably contributed to the sever- ity of the effects of the drought. But setting up a Chinese credit for the they were not the primary cause-as purchase of food supplies. These is sufficiently demonstrated by the fact firms replied that they could not that, while military disturbances have assume the responsibility for new been considerably worse in the Yangcredits while previous loans made tze valley and southern China than i~ 583

the north, there has been no famine rent and future income of the governthere because there has been no ment which floated the loan. This drought. loan, made by the present Govern- ment, was therefore definitely more The second contention-that po- of a sacrifice for relief than anything litical disorder renders relief aid which the Government did in 1920-21. from the outside impracticable-is contradicted by the experience of In other words, the Chinese, 'both the China International Famine as private citizens and governmentally, Relief Commission, unquestionably have shown in this famine a much the ablest and most experienced greater sense of responsibility for body now dealing with famine pre- meeting the relief needs of their own vention and relief in China. In a people than they did in the last big statement issued November 6,1929, famine. the executive committee of this organization stated: This statement was penned be- fore the catastrophe of the past In its actual administration of re- winter had occurred. The most conclusive proof that relief from lief, the China International Famine the outside can be effectively ad- ministered has been afforded in the Relief Commission has received the past three months. At the request of the Federal Council of Churches, cooperation of the Chinese authorities the Foreign Missions Conference and the National Christian Counto the fullest' extent. In spite of the cil of China, a campaign for $2,- 000,000 has been conducted in the disturbed conditions, the relief work United States. Since February 1, 1930, the China Famine Relief has has gone forward without interference cabled $525,000 to the National Christian Council of China, which by bandits or others. The total losses is supervising the administration of funds. In May food was being even indirectly chargeable to the dis- distributed in twenty-two counties on the Shensi plateau. Seed beans turbed conditions have amounted to to the amount of 300 tons have also been delivered into Shensi for less than Mex. $800 (Gold $400) in a planting. This relief has been ad- ministered despite the fighting that total of relief supplies and money dis- has been taking place in the neigh- boring provinces. The military tributed of over Mex. $2,000,000 (Gold and civil 'authorities in north China have cooperated to the utmost; $1,000,000). ' and no seizures by bandits or sol- diers have occurred. The third contention:-that foreign aid lessens the sense of re- The campaign of the China Fam- ine Relief has demonstrated withsponsibility of the Chinese-is also out possibility of cavil the praccontroverted in the November ticability of relief. It is time for statement of the China Interna- the creation of a unanimity of tional Famine Relief Commission. public opinion in the United States This body states that the Chinese that will meet the basic challenge have taken presented by the Chinese famine.

proportionately and actually a much larger share in the relief work during this present famine than they did in the famine of 1920-1921. The nongovernmental Chinese gifts so far in the present famine have been nearly twice the total from the same source in 1920-21, even though the period of the famine appeal has not been so long …… Relief supplies were moved without charge on government railways, and all taxes were remitted on such materials. The famine relief loan of 1929 did directly affect cur-

IS CHANGING INDIA?

BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER No.5, PART 2 * T HE medical arm of missions helping to transform Indian homes is another great force that is by teaching sanitation, the laws of transformingIndia and chang- health, the care of children, and ing the Indian attitude ,toward the prevention of diseases. It is Christ. We visited eleven mission difficult up-hill work, but there are hospitals and dispensaries, besides a spirit and power in the minis- a number of leper asylums and tries of healing that have done some government hospitals and In- much to break down prejudice, dian medical institutioIlS. There open homes and open hearts.

was a great contrast in staffs and Practically all the mission hos- equipment from those with most pitals employ Christian catechists modern buildings, electric lights and Bible women to work among and appliances, and a full quota of the patients. Those who come to doctors and nurses, to the hospitals the dispensaries and clinics hear housed in old unsanitary buildings, the Gospel and carry away Chris- using oil lamps, makeshift appara- tian tracts and Gospel portions.

tus and very limited' staff. It Many doctors and nurses-would seemed evident, how~ver, that effi- that it were true of all-do per- ciency was not dependent on the sonal work among the patients in quantity or quality: of the equip- the hospitals and villages, hold ment. Bible classes, and seek to win to In one city, where the mission Christ those whose hearts have hospital has mud floors, poor light- ?een made tender through suffer- ing, and much improvised appara- mg and sympathetic help. From tus, the government hospital has Ambala, we went with Dr. Eliza- more beds, better equipment, elec- beth Lewis and a Biblewoman, to tric lights and a larger staff. The hold a Gospel meeting in a neigh- mission hospital charges fees for boring village. How attentively operations anq medicines, while the women and children listened to service and medicines at the gov- the story of the Great Physician ernment hospital are free. Not- who heals the soul as wen as the withstanding this contrast, the body!

mission hospital had more patients A wonderful medical missionary last year than was shown in the center has been built up at Vellore, report of the government institu- Arcot District, where Dr. Ida tion. There is the plus of sym- Scudder has been enabled to estab- pathy, loving care, and the Spirit !ish a hospital, a training school of Christ shown by the missiona- for nurses, and a medical college ries that the patients have learned for women. From this center, she to value even more than medicine and her fellow doctors go out week- and free beds. ly to minister healing to villages Christian medical work is also for seventy miles around.

Work for lepers is also carried • On account of pressure upon the space in on .at sixty-eight mission centers, the Home Mission Number in July. only the beSIdes that conducted by doctors first part of Mr. Pierson's Travel Letter No. in their regular practice. This is 5 was published in that issue. The second section is now given herewith.

585

a wonderful Christian object les- The homes for untainted chilson. Formerly, these poor unfor- dren show what can be done to tunates were considered cursed by prevent the spread of leprosy, and the gods and were left to suffer many of these children become and die. Today, thousands are Christian workers. The medical tenderly cared for and are given and the rescue work are helping new hope for a cu~t:!, or find in to change India-and the change Christ the joy and life that leprosy is needed. Men must learn how to treat their wives with consideracannot touch.

DR. IDA SCUDDER AND NURSES AT VELLORE HOSPITAL READY TO GO ON A VISIT TO THE DISTRICT TOWNS As we passed through the leper tion; women must learn that ward at Naini, we saw an old man babies should not be quieted with whose disfigured face was trans- opiates; that children should not figured by the light of Christ as be married; and all sorely need· to he answered our question in regard learn that cleanliness and sexual to his health: "I am well, thank purity promote health of body and "

God, but my wife is suffering." In soul.

reality his body was racked with There are some able Indian phy- t·.

pain and fever, but his heart wassicians and surgeons, like Dr.

at rest. Mittra Das of Moga, and the need

WHAT IS CHANGING INDIA?

for Christian hospitals will doubt- forward and the work of Christian ". less decrease; but there will al- pastors, colporteurs and Bible- ways be a need for the physician women built up the Church of and nurse who minister to both Christ.

body and soul-for the life that "Why do you come to a Chris- now is and for that which is, to tian college rather than go to a come. free government college," I asked There are many other Christian a group of non-Christian students.

forces at work to transform India "Because we find a greater char- -the industrial, agricultural, and acter-building influence here," was other vocational work teaching the the reply. "What are the most dignity of all manual labor and helpful influences you find in this that self-support, character build- college that might be lacking else- ing and usefulness go hand in where?" "Higher moral standards, hand. The distribution of Scrip- better companions, Bible study, ture portions and Christian litera- college chapel services, Christ, the ture carries the Gospel to those on influence of Christian masters in railway trains, in bazaars, and in the hostels," were some of the re- J! villages where living witnesses plies.

would not be welcome. At Kedgaon This means personal ministry, we saw an elderly missionary lady, and it would be difficult to estimate seventy-five years of age, who the amount of work done or the daily visits the railway station as results of such testimony at melas, each train comes in, distributing in district work, in bazaars, in tracts and Gospels. "A verse may connection with church work, and find him who a sermon flees." in the visits to homes by zenana "What do you consider the great- workers and others.

est force for bringing the people of One thing obviously troubled India to Christ," I asked a group many mlssIOnaries and Indian of Indian Christians, including Christians-the fact that when pastors and teachers. "The per- cuts to budgets are found neces- sonal testimony of Christians sary, the evangelistic work is the whose lives commend their words," first and greatest sufferer. The was the answer. This will no large institutions, with their ex- doubt be found to have been the pensive buildings, regular staff most fruitful source of conversions and students or patients, can be in the past. Some have been con- closed only with great difficu1ty verted through reading the Bible and loss. It does not seem so dam- or Christian books, and many have aging to dismiss a few pastors or been attracted to Christ by the other mission agents, or to reduce healing ministries of physicians. their salaries. But the missiona- Great numbers of children have ries feel it, and many contribute received Christian education, but from their meagre salaries to pre- the preaching of the Word of God vent such loss.

in sermon or in personal testimony Those who preach the full and has been most fruitful-according vital Gospel in India have exerted to these Indian Christian brethren. an untold influence in transform- " It has been through this method ing the ideas of India's masses, that the "mass movements" in In- establishing family life on a new dian villages have been carried basis, and building up the Church

of Christ in cities and villages. During our ten weeks tour in But the concensus of Christian India, we learned many things- opinion in India seems to be that including the danger of general the hope for a new India lies in conclusions. We visited the work the proper training of the children of over sixteen denominations and in the way of Christ. This was the societies, from the Salvation Army belief of Pandita Ramabai, who to the Anglican High Church, and gathered thousands of girls into we listened carefully to many di- her home at Kedgaon. Many of verse views of missionaries and these have gone out to teach else- Indian Christians. Some questions where and to establish Christian were raised and some convictions homes. Today, this work is con- expressed that should be shared tinued by the Christian and Mis- with the Church at home.

sionary Alliance, and 600 girls are 1. Adequate equipment and fi- trained in the doctrines of Christ nancial support are important to and in methods of self support. our missionaries at the front, but One of the most impressive spiritual fruitage is not in propor- sights in India is the Christian tion to physical equipment or even village of 400 children and youth- to the size of the staff. The spir- girls rescued from temple service itual equipment of each worker is and boys from the life of the the one great essential for spiritual theatre. In this clean and beauti- results. Therefore the careful se- ful village, the children learn to lection of workers is more impor- know and love Christ as their Sav- tant than the filling of vacancies. , /; iour and Lord. 2. The one great objective in all The "Place of Heavenly Health" Christian mission work is the is on the outskirts of this village, bringing of individuals to Christ ministered to by Christian phy- and their training for intelligent sicians and nurses. Here many and consecrated life and service.

come for the healing of the body The physical, the intellectual, the and find new life for the soul. But industrial and the social work are the center of the village is the important, but unless the personal "House of Prayer," and at the cen- relation of the individual is kept ter of the life in all its departments first, the work which Christ com- is God. Prayer is the natural and missioned us to do is not done- constant means of access to Him. for this life or for eternity.

Between the care of body and of 3. There is great danger in over- soul comes the school for the train- emphasizing institutional work- ing of the mind; but here too God, hospitals, schools, colleges, and in- as revealed in Christ, is the center dustrial work-and allowing them of all stUdy. As a result, beauty to absorb too large a proportion of and joy and health abound. What time, men and money. The Indian a contrast to the sordid, limited Church could not maintain them, life of the ordinary Indian village and too many foreign institutions and to the degrading religious in- develop tasks and habits which un- fluences of a Hindu mela or tem- fit the Indians for their normal "

pIe! If the coming generations of life. '1 India can be brought to know and 4. The study of science, history, follow Christ, India will be economics, psychology and com- changed indeed. parative religion may be and is

important, but for the work of fields and work that cannot be Christ these must be subordinate properly carried on.

to the "Word of God." It is only Second, greater unity; the drop- as we see God in all His works and ping of denominational titles and take His revealed Word as of su- differences and the formation of a preme authority that we become Church of Christ in India.

s t ron g, intelligent Christians. Third, greater spirituality; the "They know God; they know their more widespread adoption of the Bible; and they know man's great- Ashram idea with 'its development est need is for Christ and His sal- of prayer life, Bible study and vation," said an intelligent Indian meditation, sacrificial service, and Christian railway official to me on the spirit of brotherhood.

commending the work of a certain 6. All Christian workers, Indian missionary group. and foreign, need to stress and 5. There is danger lest we feel keep in the foreground the essen- such sympathy with Indians who tial unity of Christ's Church and -j are persecuted for Christ's sake, the oneness of His work. A caste that we fear to urge upon them spirit has been perpetuated in the the necessity of open confession Church in India-at least in some and of following Him at any cost. sections-and this has also sepa- "There would be no Christian rated foreign and Indian Chris- Church in India today," said an tians. Many Indian Christians ex- Indian pastor to me, "if the Chris- pressed the hope that the Church of Christ might soon be one both tian missionaries and early con- in spirit and in name. This can verts had been as hesitant as some only be brought about as the fol- are today to accept persecution and lowers of Christ sink their differ- privation as the lot of the convert ences and draw closer to Him. from Islam or Hinduism." Many believers in Christ are today try- 7. Through all these convictions ing to satisfy themselves by being and hopes runs the need for a greater dependence on God and a "secret disciples." more constant vital fellowship with Him through prayer. The most a "Why cannot I be a follower of precious times of fellowship with mIssIOnaries and with Indian Christ and remain Hindu?" said Christians were times of prayer; a student to me. For answer he but too often the air seemed to be was pointed to the words of Christ so charged with executive duties, about discipleship, ,persecution, committees, business, social amen- separation and confession. Christ ities or other occupations that no must answer such inquirers if they are to be satisfied.

A prominent Indian Christian, time was left for quiet, vital an ardent nationalist and believer prayer. When we realize that we in a Church in India independent cannot change India but that God of foreign control, in answer to the can, we will be more dependent on question: "What would you In- Him and less on money, men, or- dians recommend as the program ganizations and equipment. for the Church in such an event?" India is changing. But He who said: wrought miracles in the past is Fir s t, greater concentration working today. Our confidence is rather than diffusion; giving up in Him.

RURAL CHURCH

BY THE REV. WARREN H. WILSON, D.D.

Director, Town and Country Department, Presbyterian Churl!h in the U. S . ..t.

I HAVE found the study of the are administered now by the Insti- country church a lesson in re- tute of Social and Religious Re- ligion as a whole; it has com- search. ThOey discover solid ground pelled me to view the world as no of fact for our understanding of previous studies did. In this I am rural processes. Before these sur- sure I speak for the men who have veys we argued and differed hope- served the Protestant denomina- lessly, but by their findings, with tions in the United States as Di- the data supplied in other research rectors of Country Church Work. likewise directed by Dean Bailey, We have found ourselves in an in- we know about country life at home ternational and in a religious the- and abroad facts vital to the ater with a spectacle before our church. This research is only in its eyes wider than America, and as beginnings, but the prosecuting of long as time. Now the country it is a wholesome experience. It church in America has begun to puts rural religion in an intellectual influence Foreign Missions. The form, and curiously the result is reason is the same; that the Amer- inspiring, its effect on the mind is ican country church for the past optimistic. Instead of adding to twenty-two years has been con- the discouragements of those who ceived of as an economic-social in- love the country church, research stitution. This conception we owe has stiffened their backs and glad- to President Roosevelt in the later dened their faces. The contribu- years he spent in the White House. tions of the Institute, through Dr.

He received it from Sir Horace Edmund DeS. Brunner as Editor ..

Plunkett, the Irish agrarian re- and as Director, are of priceless ' former, and he, I suppose, from the value to the country pastors and Danes. Dean Liberty Hyde Bailey, to the board secretarieso of Cornell College of Agriculture, The third effect of the country was the mouthpiece of this group. church as a volunteer for world President Kenyon L. Butterfield, service is seen in the discussion of now visiting foreign mission sta- rural missions at the Jerusalem tions in this interest, representing Conference in Holy Week, 1928.

foreign mission conferences, has That discussion had American lead- been for years the best exponent of ers. It enabled the representatives the economic-social religious doc- of mission lands to acquire in a trine; which goes under the title week what American leaders have "The Rural Church." slowly learned in two decades. This Social surveys of rural popula- learning is stated in Volume VI of tions were begun in 1909 by my- the Report of the Conferenceo self, under the impUlse of Dean Briefly it is this: That there are, Bailey, using methods of Professor as Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones says, Giddings in Columbia and Profes- "five essentials of civilization."

sor Henderson in Chicago Univer- To put it otherwise, benevolent and sities. These were continued in the Christian people can give freely Interchurch World Movement and and without fear in five directions; 590 or to restate it, religion works safe- The greatest country church ly in five channels – education, movement was in Scotland 87 years health, play and beauty, agricul- ago when in the Free Church, new- ture, and home making. To help ly separated from the establish- people in these ways does not make ment, a "Sustentation Fund" was them mendicants. In the United established to secure to the rural States we have learned to call these pastors a minimum living. From five the essentials of "the country this experience is descended church program." Every confer- through many changes the plan by ence on the country church assents which every pastor in the Church to them, and they are found in of Scotland is to receive at least every book on the country church, $2,000 and a house, and the author- including the textbook by Father ity of the whole Church is used to O'Hara, the Roman Catholic repre- secure it for him. This plan is sentative of rural churches. called "Maintenance of the Min- The fourth influence of the rural istry." Many of the Free Churches church upon .large affairs is the of western Europe are administer- l recognition of a distinction be- ing their work upon plans of this tween "old work" and "new work" character. A Central Fund suited on a mission field. The boards sup- to the maintenance of the country port pastors and they send mis- church is the key to the plan, and sionaries, but until the rural its operation is so designed as to '~ church was understood we saw no maintain scattered rural congrega- distinction. Until the past twenty tions and churches among the poor years missions were "out West" or in the downtown and congested "abroad"; but now it is evident parts of the city.

that nearly all the activities of our Another service of the rural churches "at home" and some of church in large affairs is its use- those "abroad" are expended in the fulness as basis of national church support of pastors. The recogni- policies. In the union of the " tion of this fact that the boards churches of Canada the reasons for are attaining the likeness of cen- union were found in the condition tral funds came from country of country churches. When the church experience. The Free Scotch were inclined to unite the Churches in European countries Free and State churches they found base their administration upon a their reasons in the condition of Central Fund for the securing to small town and rural communities, pastors of a living; they also do so that the country church fur- mission work in new territory, and nishes an exhibit and a laboratory for the very poor. suitable to the understanding of The country church demands national religious problems.

therefore of our denominations These are some of the impacts that they support their pastors up- of the rural church on large affairs.

on a minimum wage through an I wish to confess that I went into i administration district from the the service of the country church work of missions. This will relieve without any foresight of its im- the boards of missions at home portance. Indeed, I accepted as- and abroad of that whole cluster signment to "The Church and of troubles that go by the name of Country Life," at Charles L.

"self-support." Thompson's request, reluctantly. I

did not expect to find this humble countryman is a sort of egotism of and "decadent!' institution, a wise revolt, his ideals are stated in terms mother, or a sophisticated teacher of persons because he relishes of world interests; but that is just every salty detail of independence, what I found, and so have the other where all are enslaved to the local men who form the "rural sociologi- society. Jacob was an individual cal group" among scholars and ad- because he successfully outwitted ministrators. Isaac and shrewdly deceived La- What is the rural church in it- ban, but he had to plan a getaway self? It is an exacting institution; each time he was thus independent it must have a resident pastor. But and to go at peril of his life. The rural congregations in all lands, same personal bondage prevails in except those in Western Europe, all rustic societies in all lands; it are commanded to get on with an is only in cities that persons are absentee preacher. Now country really free for daily self expression.

people are in all lands skeptical of This is the reason, a bunch of words, they value the deed. They reasons, why the rural church re- are pragmatical and utilitarian, to quires a resident pastor. The coun- the degree of drabness. The com- try people need to see a minister of monplace and common sense are God perform the vital acts of Chris- exalted to a genius in rural China tian living in their social medium.

and dusky Africa, and no less on He and his family are their reli- the prairies of America. Hamlin gious demonstration. A pastor is Garland, an artist, recoiled from the show case of the Sermon on the the mud and manure of the farm- Mount, but an itinerant preacher is yards of the middle West, and just an advertising sheet of the stated his revolt in "Main Traveled Gospel to be glanced at, admired Roads." Just because he was an and dismissed. The "demonstra- artist, he could not endure them tion method" is essential to agri- and they could not interest him. cultural progress, so that at home This is the reason for the captious and abroad the rural church awaits parody "East is East and West is the resident pastor as an agent of West; but the Middle West is ter- solid religious growth.

rible." The meaning of it for the In rural churches religion is a rural church is that it requires a matter of universal concern. One ministry of the deed, the pastor of the first revelations in our sur- must live there, and must perform veys twenty years ago was that in their medium of mud and ma- churches in a community side by chinery and chores lest he and his side share the same fate. They are Gospel be but lightly regarded. characterized by a common set of It must be a personal ministry. causes. I had expected to find one Country people are said to be in- church by competition getting the dividualists. Really they are the better of the other. A study showed most socialized of men. Every ac- that in a given community all the tion is stereotyped; every opinion churches "are handled alike." The is standardized; every change is concept of the "larger parish"

resisted because it requires painful grows out of this discovery, it in- adjustments of organic society, in cludes an area of land with a social which country people are imbedded. population dwelling on it, rather So that the individualism of the than a selected list of confessing

THE RURAL CHURCH VOLUNTEERS

members. The minister's task is eludes. For instance, it includes bound not by assent to doctrines the organization of play and recre- but by neighborhood association. ation with their correlated devel- In the Larger Parish religion is a opment of things of beauty, but it public matter, not a private hope. omits all mention of the relation of It is an experience of the popula- the church to government and law.

tion, not a special privilege. So It is curious that with the tendency our Lord ministered to the people of American Protestant churches of his time, making no distinction of the present time to advise the between good and bad. He had no legislatures in the making of law, preference for the saints. and with the tendency of foreign The Larger Parish has been ac- missionaries to commend those of cepted by the Protestant churches their number who are advisers of in this country and it is advocated government or of rulers, the J eru- by the Roman Catholic. It is not salem Conference should have the same as the old coup.try parish omitted the mention of all civic and t ., of an established church, though legalistic activities of a church. It II the comparison has truth; but it was not surprising that the dele- is a program, a direction of energy, gates at Jerusalem included in the a limitation put upon the work of program of a pastor activities in the pastor and his people. It is re- the way of recreation and play. The ligion for all the people. whole experience of the Y. M. C.

None but a resident pastor can A. and the Y. W. C. A. is ripely be a minister of a Larger Parish, harvested in that doctrine that the indeed the exactions of this work church should promote play.

upon the minister are extreme. I But the program includes also would go so far as to say that none the improvement of health, that is, but a gentleman and a man of good medical missions; the promotion breeding can be pastor of a Larger of education, which involves reli- Parish. If a man is unable to in- gious education and all suitable terpret Christianity gently and work in schools and colleges.

)',1 peaceably he cannot so serve. If The program includes also the he is contentious, or if his wife is promotion of better agriculture.

fond of gossip, if he can be caught Here is the weakest point in our in a feud or a neighborhood brawl, church program, and this is the he cannot be the pastor of a Larger most exacting requirement ,.of the Parish. He must in such case be country church. If we were.to tell confined in his ministry to a de- what country pastors do well and nominational and sectarian work to stop at·that point we would omit where contentions and oppositions agricultural missions. But we are are possible. commanded by the wisest minds to Is it not obvious that I spoke include agriculture in concerns of truth when I said that the country the church, and for twenty years church is an exacting institution? at least the country churches in Now permit me to say that the pro- America have been teaching and { gram of the rural church endorsed praying for the spiritual influence by the Jerusalem Conference is the that will sanctify the soil. "The mature fruit of years of religious Holy Earth" is a book written by and social work. It is as notable Dean Bailey about twenty years for what it omits as for what it in- ago; the phrase is like seed planted 3 594 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [August in the mind of every rural pastor market to pay his taxes and keep at home and abroad. Until the his land. If he retains his land then Christian religion can make the our churches among the Pimas will farmer a better farmer, indeed an be retained, but if he loses his land adequate farmer, contented, indus- our churches will be destroyed be- trious and productive, it has not cause the Indians will be scattered.

evangelized the world up to the This is a great missionary, agricul- measure of its power. tural project, so great that one Yet we have over 100 agricul- trembles for its success.

tural missionaries and their num- A little instance is the develop- ber is increasing in the foreign ment of a handful of mountaineers field. Not all of them, though the in a remote valley to whom a wom- most, are clear eyed and aware of an, Miss Mary Jane Rankin, came their duty to consecrate the soil and twenty years ago as a missionary.

the skill of their people on the land She taught them to pray for a crop to the Lord. In this country are in the spring and give thanks for a many more, among the rural pas- harvest in the fall, and she has tors and the missionaries on the kept them contented and made frontier; put their number cannot them fairly well to do by prayer, easily be stated, for many a man with a good deal of common sense who seems to have no farmers' in- and agricultural science thrown in.

stitute manners is doing a potent However it is done, the ultimate work in the homely task of agri- victory of the country church de- cultural missions. There are great pends upon land ownership, sci- instances. I visited last month the entific treatment of the soil, and a Pima Indians in Arizona. They competent agricultural skill such have always been agricultural and as will bring an income in the mar- never military, except in defending kets of the world. This is just as their soil which they have held true in Africa or in China as it is against Indians and white men for in America. The changes are com- many hundreds of years. Now the mon over the whole world. The Gila River has been dammed in markets are international. The their interest and its waters may food supply and the supply of raw be used for irrigating these ancient materials for the world are now farmlands now owned by the In- soon to be one. The markets are dians in severalty. The huge task coordinated. The price in one mar- rests upon·our missionaries there, ket affects that in another from Drs. Lay, Ellis and Walker, of Shanghai to Baltimore. But the teaching these. Indians the white local situation is always sufficiently man's technique, of selling to them unique, and the minister, to pro- the white man's machinery, and vide the local motives for those borrowing for them the white who at great toil cultivate the land, man's money that they may quickly is a necessary guide to agricultural learn to earn enough, so that they success.

may retain the ownership of their There is a utilitarian appearance land; for just as soon as the water about the country church program.

runs over the Coolidge Dam the It appears as though the church in land of the Indian will be taxed to the country was just a place in pay for it, and just so soon he must which men learn how to prosper.

earn enough in the white man's I daresay that some people believe

"EVERY DAY IN EVERY WAY"

this, especially those who look on administration of religion in the and read what I have said and what country. Indeed, I would go so far has been written even in Volume as to say that I believe only those VI of the Jerusalem Report. But who can worship can possess the in experience it is not so. The land. church cannot be measured by its usefulness, and in fact these toil- I think that our eager evangel- some expressions of religion in the izing by itinerant preachers can- way of schools maintained, play- not long maintain a country church. grounds and hospitals adminis- It is an institution too exacting and tered, agricultural demonstrations too important to be made a stop- wisely timed and placed, are all in- ping place of a wandering preach- finitely wearisome. The church is er. There must be a pastor, and to be something more than a util- he must have a program by which ity, or it is a failure. To state it his religion will be interpreted to briefly, the country church must all in the community and shared be a place for worship of God; and alike by all, pagan and professor, worship is not a utility. There is sinner and saint. And this church nothing pragmatical about it. You must swiftly turn from confessing cannot find what it is good for; or the gains of Christianity to offer- if you do discover uses of worship ing its tributes to God in worship. they are minor and accidental. Among country people it is neces- Worship is an offering to God. sary quickly to connect the proc- Now the wisest churches in the esses of life with God Almighty. country are offering the opportu- If the business of tilling the soil is nity for worship as a means of rest done for human gains it is soon and renewal.of the soul. Of course abandoned. The only motive for there are many kinds of worship, the toilsome and sacrificial life of not all of them are beautiful or or- the tiller of the soil is a religious nate, but all are serious and fear- motive, and the ends of it must be ful. They all have awe and loveli- an offering to God and a tribute to ness with much to appeal to the God. The highest form of this worshiper. It is my conviction that tribute is in the solemn worship in the worship of God goes 'With the the house of God.

"EVERY DAY IN EVERY WAY"

BY FRANCES L. GARSIDE, Y. W. C. A., New York EVERY day in every way, the This means contentment, good world is growing better and health, happiness, and progress. . better as a place in which to There remain in some manufactur- live, to work, to play, and to enjoy. ing towns in the United States There are people in spots who will huge buildings falling into decay.

deny it, for they are not looking There are few windows; the loca- ( over the edge of the spot called tion is bleak; there are no signs their home town. Those who look that there were ever any sanitary over, and back over the road the conveniences. These were the world has come, know better. Im- work places where our forebears provements are particularly no- earned a precarious living.

ticeable in working conditions. Today, factory buildings are

large and airy; there are many years, but they show that the gains windows; a grassplot surrounds are steady. With much to be hoped the building with beds of flowers. for, much has already been done.

There are rest rooms, toilet con- Conditions are not as good in veniences, first aid hospitals, with other countries. In oriental coun- nurse and doctor in attendance. tries, girls work seven days a week, Of course, there are exceptions. ten and twelve hours a day, with There always will be, but the ma- only every other Sunday off.

jority are showing a steady im- Wages are poor. Since lack of op- provement. This is evidenced in portunity for gaining an education the reports made annually by a prevents promotion, the future is group of college girls who go forth hopeless for thousands of girls and from the Y. W. C. A. Center in women. In China, the girl begins Chicago every July to storm fac- earning her rice almost as soon as tories and mills, seeking employ- she can toddle. She is not born in ment at unskilled labor. This a mill, but she is literally brought might be called an adventure in up there, sleeping on rags at the human relations, for the sole ob- feet of the machines at which her ject of the girls who engage is that mother works, and being put to they may learn through living work herself as soon as she is tall them, the economic conditions enough to turn the cocoons in boil- which govern the working girl's ing water. Obviously, such a girl life. Only through understanding, has little chance for the education will they ever be able to help, and which will improve her condition, the desire to help others is the but she takes advantage of that foundation of the thinking of more little. Hundreds of girls through- of the girls of today than credited. out China work in mills all day These girls who forego pleasant long, and then hasten, Without sup- vacations to work in factories and per, to a class in the Y. W. C. A.

mills for six weeks in the hottest The difference a little learning part of the year are either grad- makes in one's chances are plainly (-, uates, or in the higher classes in apparent in Japan, where girls colleges and universities. They who earn their living are divided pack bacon, load and unload into three classes. Those with col- trucks, work in laundries, and do lege training who are doctors, law- whatever their hands find to do for yers, dentists; those with common six long weeks, living in stuffy school education who are clerks boarding houses, going without and stenographers, who work long any recreation since their incomes hours with insufficient pay; and (.

will permit none, and making their those without any learning who wages meet every demand. work longer hours at less pay.

The six weeks ended, they make But from everyone of the more a report of conditions as they than forty foreign lands in which found them, and as they lived the Y. W. C. A. is engaged this them. The girls going adventuring word comes: As more girls go in this fashion in the July of 1930 from home to earn their living, the are the tenth group so to engage. conditions under which they work, The reports may not show a great and the pay received for such improvement in two succeeding work, show marked improvement.

LUZZI'S

A work of extraonlinary character and value cessible to all by lowering its price and is nearing cOlllpletion in Professor Giovanni allowing the payment to be made by in- Lnzzi's translatIOn of the Bible into the Ital- stalments. The hour could not be more ian language in twelve volumes, plevell of favorable for our work than the pres- which have now been pubHshed. rrhe volumes ent is. The best men in the Govern- are beantifully printed, and we believe that ment not only do not oppose our the translation will rank among the notable undertaking but are in sympathy with Bible translations of history. 'l'he generosity it and encourage it. of that good friend of the Waldensian Church, and of many other enterprises, Mrs. John S. During the ast year, while I was Kennedy, of New York, has made this monu- completing my translation, I prepared mental work possible. 'l'he following extract a popular edition of the New Testa- from a recent letter of Professor Luzzi will ment with the Psalms. It will be is- interest our readers: Poschiavo, Grisons, Switzerland. May 13, 1930.· DEAR MRS. KENNEDY: You have received the twelfth vol- sued in a few weeks, and you will re- ume of our Bible. Only one volume is ceive the first copy of the volume as now yet wanting to complete the series soon as issued. It will be a magnifi- -the tenth, which I have left for the cent bound volume of about 1,700 last and which contains the Apocrypha. pages, in large print, with 92 plates, In this country especially, to leave the and sold under cost at a nominal price.

Apocrypha out of a translation of the We want it to be in the hands of the Bible would be a great mistake. On greatest number, and I have a plan, the other hand, the faithful transla- which I am sure you will approve of.

tion of it, accompanied by good notes As soon as this volume is ready, I and clear introductions, is more than shah make a present of five hundred sufficient to show a reader the enor- or a thousand copies to Premier Mus- mous distance that separates these solini to be distributed among the Apocrypha from the canonical books Directors of the Italian Communal of the Bible. You will be glad to hear Schools, who have charge of the re- that last week I was able to send the ligious instruction of the youth of printer in Florence the last pages of the country.

the manuscript of this volume also, You wiII not be surprised when I and that at about the end of June the tell you that my heart is full of grati- Apocrypha will be launched. tude toward God, who has so evidently Now that the work is practically helped me day after day from the finished, and even those who in the beginning to the end of my work; to- past had a very faint hope that such a ward you who have been so stead- colossal undertaking would ever be fastly at my right hand and have so completed need no longer fear. I am generously given me the means of receiving from all quarters letters of realizing my great ideal; and to- congratulation – from Protestants, ward my wife who has so persever- I, Roman Catholics, and Jews. They are ingly and beautifully typed my vol- all of one accord in acknowledging umes so that their correction in the ", that my work is done in a serene, im- proof sheets sent me by the printer partial spirit and in a scientific and at has always been easy and speedy. For the same time popular form. If I did twenty-five years have I been working not already know how far from the at this translation, and God has al- ideal my work still remains, all these lowed me to complete it on the fiftieth good people who are continually writ- year of my work in the ministry; for ing to me or publishing in the news- this is my jubilee year.

papers their praises and appreciation, With warmest regards, in which my would make me uplifted. wife joins, Meanwhile our Bible is being spread I remain, gratefully yours, abroad in Italy. We have made it ac- GIOVANNI LUZZI.

597 FIRST CHURCH CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL WORK BY AMELIA WYCKOFF Conference Secretary A NOTABLE event of the cur- methodology of the Episcopal rent year was the first Church and the Rev. Charles R. Church Conference on Social Zahniser, Lecturer on Interchurch Work which was held in Boston, Cooperation at Boston University, June 9-14, under the auspices of presenting a study on the social the Federal Council of the Churches programs of councils of churches.

of Christ in America with the At the Fellowship Dinner, Thurs- status of a Special Group of the day evening, the Rev. Russell H. National Conference of Social Stafford, pastor of Old South Work. A cable from Dr. Adolf Church, Boston, presiding, ad- Keller extended the greetings of dresses were given by Bishop the Geneva International Chris- Francis J. McConnell, President of tian Social Institute to the Church the Federal Council of Churches, Conference and hailed it as an im- and the Rt. Rev. Hugh L. Burleson, portant contribution to the inter- representing the Rt. Rev. James national cooperation of churches. DeWolf Perry, Presiding Bishop The Executive Committee of the of the Pro t est ant Episcopal Conference was authorized to make Church, who was detained by ill- contacts looking toward participa- ness. The venerable Father Gation in the new movement for an visk of St. John's Roman Catholic "International Conference of Prot- parish, Indianapolis, a former estant Social Work," a beginning President of the National Confer- of which is being made this year ence, was welcomed to the speaker's at the Inner Mission meeting at table and addressed the group in- Upsala, Sweden, in August. formally.

At this, the first meeting of the The program of the Conference Church Conference, several fellow- for the week centered mainly ship luncheon, afternoon and din- around the theme of the Church ner meetings were held jointly with and family adjustment. Professor the National Conference on Social Frank J. Bruno, of Washington Service of the Protestant Epis- University, St. Louis, speaking to copal Church, which has been meet- the ministers of Greater Boston at ing with the National Conference the Twentieth Century Club at the of Social Work for the past ten opening session, Monday, on the years. subject, "The Pastor's Use of Case The Wednesday joint luncheon Work Methods in Family Adjust- dealt with the better relating of ment," pointed out that motive dis- the various communions to social associated from skill may be among work, the Rev. Harold Holt, for- the most destructive of social merly of the Department of Chris- forces and that there is great adtian Social Service of The National vantage to the pastor in a knowl- Council of the Protestant Episcopal edge of techniques of social case Church, giving the experience and work; but he warned that such 598

FIRST CHURCH CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL WORK

technique developed to the neglect responsibility for social service of spiritual leadership was often work of various local and regional harmful. Thursday afternoon, the federations of church women.

Rev. M. R. Lovell, pastor of the Dr. Richard C. Cabot, of the Mount Pleasant Congregational Harvard Theological School, ad- Church, Washington, D. C., re- dressed a group of theological in- ported on the as yet unique work stitution representatives Tuesday of the Washington "Life Adjust- morning on the subject, "A Clinical ment Center," and Robert C. Dex- Year for Ministers," and Dr. Gay- ter, Ph.D., Secretary of the Depart- lord S. White, of Union Theological ment of Social Relations of the Seminary, New York, read the American Unitarian Association, study made by Dr. Albert Z. Mann, gave a preliminary report on a of Garrett Biblical Institute, study of the relation of ministers Evanston, IlL, on training in social to family life. Friday afternoon, work, offered in theological institu- the Rev. John Rathbone Oliver, tions and the methods employed.

M.D., of Baltimore, addressed a At the final organizational ses- large audience on "The Spiritual sion, it was voted to continue the Viewpoint in Social Work," and Conference under the direction of Miss Mary S. Brisley, Secretary of the Commission on the Church and the Church Mission of Help, Dio- Social Service of the Federal Coun- cese of Neow York, spoke on the cil and its constituent denomina- "Spiritual Values of the Family." tions; to create an Executive Com- Thursday noon, Professor Henry 'mittee of the Conference with W. Thurston presiding, Miss direct responsibility for its activi- Myrtle Louise Evans of the Meth- ties; to apply to the National Con- odist Orphans' Home Association, ference of Social Work for status St. Louis, addressed a group espe- as an "Associate Group"; to fix cially interested in child depend- membership dues at one dollar an- ency, on the subject of "Depend- nually; and to convene in Minne- ency of Children Resulting from apolis in 1931 a day or two in ad- Industrial Problems." She drew vance of the opening session of the upon a study of the cases coming National Conference.

under her own observation, result- There were 172 registrations at ing from industrial conditions this first Church Conference, rep- found in the area surrounding St. resenting the clergy, denomina- Louis. tional social service officials, execu- The Tuesday luncheon period tive secretaries and social workers /, was devoted to denominational sec- from councils of churches, repre- tionaI meetings. A large group at- sentatives from' federations of tended the Congregational section, church women, workers from where addresses were given by church institutions-especially or- Professor Graham Taylor, Miss phanages – professors of social Jane Addams and Dr. Hastings H. ethics in theological seminaries, Hart. Other sectional meetings and interested lay people. It is ( were those of the Universalist Gen- hoped that next year there may be eral Convention, Baptist (North- larger representation from these ern), and the National Council of various groups, and that headway Federated Church Women, with will be made on the objectives of representation from those having the Conference, which have been

stated by Dr. Worth M. Tippy, the operation between churches and Chairman, as follows: social agencies in communities; 5. To make religion a greater redemp- 1. To contribute to the development of tive force in all social work. scientific social work by the Protestant churches and councils It should also be said that the of churches of the United States; Conference was made possible by a contribution of $500 from Mr. 2. To bring church social workers Chester D. Pugsley, of Peekskill, together for acquaintance and New York, supplementing the staff discussion of common problems; organization of the Federal Coun- cil's Commission on the Church and 3. To bring to church social workers Social Service. Mr. Pugsley has the value of the discussions and generously pledged a s i mil a r associations of the National Con- amount for next year. ference of Social Work; 4. To develop understanding and co- A RIVAL OF CONFUCIUS BY REV. S. H. CHESTER, D.D., Montreat, North Carolina M OH-TI (sometimes written man, but what was the established Meh-tse) was a contempo- order. That was to be maintained rary and rival of Confu- at all costs and all disturbers of it cius. In the opinion of some he was were to be suppressed. much more of a sage than Confucius. Indeed, in some of his views Moh-ti, in his day, was called a and teachings he anticipated the radical because he repUdiated this highest political wisdom and moral form of conservatism. He created philosophy of this advanced stage a great stir and was beginning to of our Christian era. have a large following, until that other great conservative, a sort of Mankind may be described un- second Confucius named Mencius der the threefold classification of arose, and by denouncing Moh-ti conservatives, radicals and those as radical and revolutionary, sucwho keep to the middle of the road. ceeded in discrediting him and re- To which class anyone may be manding him to 2,000 years of assigned depends on the point of obscurity and forgetfulness. An view of the age and country in ancient Confuciun writer said which he lives. In China the great "Moh-ti was blocking up the way outstanding representative of con- of truth when Mencius refuted servatism is Confucius. He was him, and scattered his delusions perhaps the world's greatest cham- without difficulty." pion of the status quo and of the divine right of privilege. His doc- Some of his "delusions" have retrine of filial piety applied not only cently been brought to light. A to the relation of parents and chil- few of them sound as if they might dren, but to all existing classes and have been quoted from some of authorities, those below owing un- Woodrow Wilson's great state questioning deference and subordi- papers, in which he tried to bring nation to those above. The question for the first time into modern diwas not what was reasonable and plomacy the principles of the Gosright and fair as between man and pel of Christ. Think of a man 450 years before the Christian era

A RIVAL OF CONFUCIUS

speaking as he does about social Moh-ti also had an idea of God and international morality. which approaches that expressed What are the conditions really in the Old Testament. He uses harmful to a country? There are the common term "Heaven" in many aggressions of powerful states speaking of the Deity, but unques- against small; oppressions of the tionably he conceived of Heaven as poor by the wealthy, of the weak by the strong, of minorities by majori- a personal being, to whom he at- ties; contempt of the great for the tributes not only omniscence and humble; lack of good will on the part omnipresence, but also righteous- of governments; and the corruptions ness and love. He declared that of ministers. Heaven loves all and is good to all, and argued from this the duty of But princes bearing good will to- men to love one another. In read- ward their fellows would fight no ing some of his sayings on this more battles; heads of families, lov- ing others, would not bear grudges subject one wonders if he might against them; men would love their not have somehow come in touch neighbors and would neither steal nor do harm to them; officials and min- with Ezra and Nehemiah who were isters would be benevolent and loyal; his contemporaries in Palestine. fathers and sons with love between He nowhere inculcated in so many them would be governed by a filial words love to God (Heaven) and spirit; brothers, loving each other, love to one's neighbor as one's self, would find themselves in harmony and but he does recommend the prac- would be easily reconciled if there tice of those virtues of which only were a quarrel. Then, when there is such love could be the inspiration.

good will among men, the strong will "If," he says, "people regard the not harm the weak; majorities will property of other people as they not oppress minorities; the rich will do their own, who will steal? If not be arrogant toward the poor; the noble-born will not be contemptuous they regard other men as they do toward the man of humble birth; and themselves, who will rob? And the charlatan will not dupe the simple- if they regard other countries as minded …… Misery, injustice, jeal- they do their own, who will go to ousies, and hatred may be kept from war?" society by the practice of universal good will. Only a few years ago a Chinese scholar, hearing a missionary'~ When a man practices good will to- sermon, said to him : "You are ward others they respond by loving preaching the doctrines of Moh-ti.

him; when a man helps others, they Go read Mencius, the great advo- aid him; when a man does wrong by cate of Confucianism, by whom the others, they do wrong to him; when teachings of Moh-ti were refuted." a man hates others they reciprocate by hating him. Modern science and general en- lightenment and the leaven of the It sounds as if he might have Gospel of Christ are refuting the been reading by anticipation the materialistic and selfish philosophy 25th chapter of Matthew when he of life of Confucius and Mencius, says: "He who accepts the prin- and the teachings of Moh-ti are be- ( ciple of universal love, when he ing revived; and where they are sees his fellow man hungry he will received will not the way be made feed him; cold, he will clothe him; easier for the teaching of Chris- sick, he will nurse him; dead, he tianity which in some respects they will bury him." so closely resemble?

MISSIONARY SOCIETIES

CONFERENCE BY MR. H. W. PEET T HERE is perhaps no better foreign students in Great Britain. example of Christian unity Canon Tissington Tatlow, who without uniformity than the retired last year from his thirty Conference of British Missionary years' association with the Student Societies, the nineteenth gathering Christian Movement, gave a deeply of which was held at High Leigh, moving account of the perils and June 11-14. Practically every Prot- difficulties which beset most of the estant organization in the British 3,200 Oriental and African stu- Isles was represented among the dents in Britain; half of them to 130 delegates. As the Rev. W. W. be found in London. The women Cash, Secretary of the Church Mis- students found good friends, but sionary Society and the new Chair- most of the men suffered from des- man of the Standing Committee of perate loneliness. He knew one fine the Conference, said at the opening Indian student who during five session, "N0 single church has years in England never once had monopolized the creative life of the the opportunity of crossing the spirit of God. Christ will even in- threshold of an English home and [l dwell these people who will not this was typical. The Church shake hands with one another. should have a stricken conscience These facts make fellowship pos- that it has done so little for these sible." There is no reluctance of visitors. Special pleas were made Anglo-Catholic to shake hands with for a hostel for African students Baptist, or of Quakers "cutting" on the lines of the Indian Students Broad Churchmen or Methodists Hostel in Gower Street, London.

at Hoddesdon. Despite difficulties The initiation of a "Five Years all willingly work together for the Movement" of progress in China spread of the Kingdom. was outlined by Dr. Cheng Ching- The leading subjects before this Yi, Moderator of the Church of '.

year's Conference were Christian Christ in China, a union movement Literature in China and Africa, representing a third of the Protes- due to the realization that litera- tant community. He mentioned al- ture must today be a major and not so the sister "Kingdom of God a minor instrument in the work of Movement" in Japan, led by Mr.

the Church; the rural problem in Toyohiko Kagawa, the Christian India; the situation in South Afri- social reformer, and said that they ca; and the relation of govern- were looking forward to his per- ments and missions. Missionary sonal help to them in China next work at home also occupied atten- year. Dr. Cheng stressed the spe- tion, both from the point of view cial need of a literary campaign, of substituting a real knowledge for even among Chinese Christians among laymen of what missions 60 % are still illiterate. The neces- are really doing today, to supplant sity for literature for those who /'.

the "smoke room" versions as one are learning to read and the coor- speaker termed it, and the care of dination of existing literature 602 agencies in China were emphasized The hopeful signs are the move- by the Rev. C. E. Wilson, Secretary ment in the Dutch Reformed of the Baptist Missionary Society. Church and the J oint Council The same need of books in Afri- Movements of Natives and Euro- ca was dealt with by Miss Mar- peans."

garet Wrong, Secretary of the Reference was made by two International Committee for Chris- speakers to the situation in North- tian Literature in Africa. "The ern Nigeria, where for the past production of literature is not thirty years the Government has treated as seriously as the produc- allowed no Christian missionary tion of literates," she said. There work in a Moslem area. Mr. J. H.

is a growing feeling too, that it is Oldham, one of the Secretaries of not wise to make the New Testa- the International Missionary Coun- ment the chief school reader. Fur- cil, said that we must see that the ther, class books are needed in South African condition of affairs school, and other literature as well does not spread throughout Africa.

as the Bible are needed outside. On the contrary, if a right system, One tribe had for reading matter not based on domination were only the Gospel of Mark and a evolved for East Africa, it should small-pox handbook. The value of have a great effect in South Africa.

fiction must not be overlooked, both "The partnership of government in the vernacular and in English. and missions in Africa," Mr. Old- She had just heard from the Scot- ham said, "is working out defec- tish Mission Bookshop on the Gold tively. This is not due to govern- Coast that the novel most in de- ment but to the fact that the mand there was "The Sorrows of missions there have not a common Satan." mind. A boat won't go straight if Very outspoken criticism of con- rowed by an Oxford Blue and a ditions in South Africa, whence he preparatory school boy!"

had just returned, were made by Dr. Kenyon L. Butterfield, for- I, the Rev. W. J. Noble, of the Wes- mer President of the Michigan leyan Methodist Missionary Soci- State Agricultural College, who ety. "If we had tried to do in India has just returned from an exami- the things done in open day in nation into rural work in India South Africa," he said, "India said: "Much attention is being would have been running with given to rural reconstruction.

blood years ago. The new civiliza- Many Indians are keen on it, and tion which has crashed into the old work at Tagore's school is a valu- order of things there is substitut- able example of what may be done.

ing a worship of the dynamo for The government is doing what it the worship of the witch doctor and can, and the missions and the Y.

of the whiskey bottle for the beer M. C. A., which was the pioneer, calabash. The Christian Church are carefully considering pro- must stand for the sacred right of grams. Education, however, tends personality, irrespective of color. to make the student look away { A sinister situation is developing from the village, while what is in consequence of legislation wanted is rural leadership.

founded on fear. The Church must The Conference devoted a large protest, but it must not seek to part of one session to prayer for gain a victory over white or black. India in the present crisis. Unemployment method of gathering the unemploy- Unemployment has become a serious ment census could not give a true picfactor in the maintenance of home and ture as a person who might have been foreign missionary work as well as in out of work for six months and had the support of many local churches had a casual job the day before he and other religious, educational and was enumerated, had been put down philanthropic agencies. One depart- on the employed list. Darwin J. Mesement store in New York is reported role, President of the National Unemto have dropped 600 employees and ployment League, declared, June 29, another has dropped 400. A luncheon that "estimates of unemployment figclub, maintained by one of the New ures in the United States today should York churches for employed young begin at 6,600,000." Such wide variawomen, reports that over 100 of its tions show the need of more accurate usual patrons have lost their positions information. But whatever the exact and are no longer able to pay even the figure may be, it is clear that the total cost price at which the luncheons are number of unemployed in the countryserved. One of the great milk com- at-large, including clerks, stenograpanies reports that its earnings have phers and all 'other persons on wages or decreased 30% because people are salaries, is distressingly large.

economizing as they have not econo- In 1921, Mr. Hoover, as Chairman mized hitherto. Fifty-four railroads of the President's Conference on Unreported in June that their earnings employment, said: had fallen off 32.8% because fewer There is no economic failure so terrible in its import as that 'of a country pospeople can afford to travel. Two hun- sessing a surplus of every necessity of dred corporations conducting a wide life in which numbers, willing and anx- variety of business report that their ious to work, are deprived of these neces- I• combined net profits for three months sities. It simply cannot be if our moral and economic system is to survive ….. . of this year showed a decline of $69,- What our people wish is the opportunity 000,000, or 19%. to earn their daily bread, and surely in Startling Figures a country with its warehouses bursting with surpluses of food, of clothing, with The Secretary of Commerce stated its mines capable of indefinite production June 26 that there were 2,298,588 un- of fuel, with sufficient housing for com- employed in the United States. Mr. fort and health, we possess the intelli- gence to find a solution. Without it our William Green, however, President of whole system is open to serious charges the American Federation of Labor, of failure.

stated that this was an underestimate These words are even more appIica- and that the inquiries of the Federa- ble today than when they were ,spok- .,1 tion showed that there were 3,600,000 en nine years ago. I men out of empIoyment, or 20% of the wage earners of the country, and that Proposed Remedies "this figure does not include office How the problem can be effectively '.' .. workers or farm laborers." The fig- dealt with is a perplexing question on ures of the Secretary of Commerce which experts differ. Senator Wag- were also challenged by Miss Frances ner of New York, has introduced three Perkins, State Industrial Commission- bills in Congress. The first provides er of New York, who said that the for the systematic planning of public 604

TOPIC OF THE TIMES

works by Federal Government, and the were present and three others, who means by which new construction may were unable to be present on account promptly be undertaken in periods of of illness, sent papers that were read.

increasing unemployment; the seeond The difficulties with which religious for the establishment of an efficient newspapers have to deal were frankly public employment service through stated and carefully discussed. Em- Federal State cooperation, with com- phasis was laid upon the importance petent management and adequate sup- of increasing the devotional element port; the third for the collection of in their columns. The following points more adequate information by the were suggested as essential to success- Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics ful editorship: as essential to plans for stabilization. The editor must be enthusiastic All three of these bills were passed about his job; sincere and not be side- by the Senate and favorably reported tracked from honest expression of his by the Judiciary Committee of the opinion; not take letters of criticism House, but not acted upon when Con- too seriously; keep smiling; read his own paper critically after two weeks; gress adjourned. compare his own paper with others. Hampered Missionary Work The findings included the following: Meantime, the situation has serious A new approach to the circulation job religious as well as industrial and so- involves getting away from the inferior- cial repercussions. Many people econo- ity complex. An educational campaign over a period mize first not on luxuries but on of at least five years, bringing before benevolences, and so the home and for- church members the value of having and eign missionary work of the churches reading the paper, is suggested. This is is sorely straitened. Some boards have to change the mental attitude toward the been forced to cut down their appro- church paper. priations ; others are making ends meet by leaving vacancies unfilled and To make an interesting paper demands an editor of intelligence, industry and technical skill.

postponing repairs and replacements A denominational paper must be a de- of antiquated buildings. Practically nominational paper. all are obliged to neglect opportunities for advance at a time when doors are To hold official support, give absolute loyalty to the denominational policies. Thus is secured freedom editorially.

open on every side and calls to go Everything depends upon the spirit of forward are urgent. It is not a time the editor. for discouragement, but for stronger Editing a religious paper does not in- volve keeping an eye on an advertising faith, renewed consecration and more page.

earnest prayer to the end that the It is a privilege and inspiration to be a part of building up a Christian con- ,. lines may be firmly held until a better science in the world. day dawns, as it surely will. "The come-back will be slow," the Secretary A. J. B.

of Commerce said June 28th, "but we Co~fere~ce for Outgoing Mis- SIOnarIeS can look for reasonable prosperity within the next year." A. J. B.

Among the few things which the Editors of Religious Press acting editor can 'remember with any degree of satisfaction in a secretarial Confer service of 34 years is his suggestion, in 1897, that the Presbyterian Board For several years the editors of the of Foreign Missions bring its newly religious weeklies of various denomi- appointed missionaries to the head- nations have been accustomed to meet quarters in New York for a conference for conference regarding their com- of eight or ten days. He had been mon problems. The conference this impressed by the fact that many new year was held April 29-30 in Wash- missionaries, particularly those for ington, D. C. Twenty-eight editors

the great mission fields in the Far feared its expense. However, they East, came from the middle and far- acquiesced in having the experiment western states and sailed from Pacific tried for one year, and the first concoast ports, so that no secretary or ference met in New York in June, member of the board ever saw them 1898. It was such an instant and before going to the field. As most of overwhelming success that no question the older missionaries arrived at San was ever afterward raised, and it be- Francisco on their furloughs and spent came an annual event in the Presbythem at or near their former homes, terian and other boards. Not least there were missionaries of a dozen or among its advantages has been the opmore years of service who had never portunity for a final physical check up met their board or its secretaries. by the medical examiners of the There were indeed some personal con- boards. More than once this has retacts. Whenever practicable, a given sulted in the. .discovery of defects candidate was interviewed by a secre- which the local medical examiners at tary, and farewell meetings were held the missionaries' homes had failed to for departing missionaries who sailed find, and which, if carried to the forfrom New York-or Boston. But such eign field, would have caused serious interviews and meetings were usually trouble. brief and seldom dealt with questions of missionary policies and methods. Union Conferences Candidates for medical and educational work, having received their training A few years ago, the question natin medical colleges and normal schools, urally arose why boards having headhad received no adequate instruction quarters in the same general region regarding missionary problems and should not hold these conferences in conditions, and some of the ordained common, inasmuch as most of the men had received little in their the- necessary subjects have no denominaological seminaries. They went out tional character, as the few subjects with a consecrated motive to give the that have such character could be Gospel to the unevangelized millions easily treated after the union conferin non-Christian lands, but they had no ence, and as there would be large value clear idea of how it was to be made in having missionaries of various deoperative. nominations meet one another, form friendships that would be prized by The First Conference them in later years, and see the. world- wide work of the whole Church from The result was that there were com- a common viewpoint. Union conferparatively few personal contacts be- ences were therefore inaugurated and tween the board and the missionaries have now become definitely established. under its care. Correspondence indeed The one this year was held in the fine was free and sympathetic, but it was new building-s of the Kennedy School usually between personal strang,ers. of Missions at Hartford, Connecticut, Young men and women not only went and was attended by the newly apto the foreign field without the special pointed missionaries of six denominainformation that they needed before tions-Baptist, Congregational, Episgoing but without that contact with copal, Methodist, Presbyterian and the supporting board and its policies Reformed. that would enable them to work in best relations with it. Enrollment was 175, of whom 140 were new missionaries. The finest pos- The proposal 'that this situation sible spirit of fellowship prevailed. should be met by bringing newly ap- The sessions were pervaded by a warm pointed missionaries to the board's devotional and evangelical feeling, and headquarters for eight or ten days of all felt they were on a mountaintop of special conference aroused some mis- spiritual experience never to be forgiving in the minds of the older sec- gotten by those who enjoyed them. retaries, who doubted its value and A.J. B.

ETHODS fOR

EDITED BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions The whole matter of Negro slavery looms large in our home missionary study for 1930. With the younger ,groups the following may be used to advantage especially in connection with the study of Haiti and Santo Domingo.

AFRICA-THE CARIBBEANS bringing the story of Cleopatra, the woman of a black race, so beautiful, AND "U. s." however, that she "vamped" one of the noblest Romans of them all! Provide ADAPTED FROM A METHOD the girl with a picture of Cleopatra in By MISS CLEMENTINA BUTLER her gorgeous barge on the Nile. Our young people may not at first wish to consider the historic side. The To the second girl give the Queen following suggestions are for pro- of Sheba, also a black woman-who grams to capture their imagination took leap year privileges with Solomon.

f' and interest. Follow with more seri- Help her to bring the thought around ous study. to Abyssinia, where the royal family Africa is the continent of mystery. claims kinship, through this episode, Use the attraction of mystery in your to the House of Judah.

plans. Announce your first meeting No.2. Choose a girl with a pretty as a forum for discussion of current complexion and take the beads of to- questions. Pledge each participant to day back to the ancient Egyptians.

secrecy as to her topic but give it as Have her get from the library some much pUblicity as possible. book with pictures of the exquisite necklaces found on the mummies of Program ancient Egypt.

1. Two Famous Flappers. No.3. Let one of your girls look up the use of cosmetics and show that our 2. Beads and Necklaces. fancy of today goes back to ancient 3. Talcum Powder. days in Africa, but bring her down to 4. Length of Skirt. modern missions by providing her with a picture of an African widow 5. Solitaires. with her face .heavily coated with white as a badge of mourning. (For an older group add:) No.4. Take a girl with skirt six- 6. What Calendar? It teen inches from the ground. Find pictures of ancient Egyptians with 7. The Compass; Where Shall their knee-length skirts and also Zulu and Sulanese women with skirts any- Point? Materia Medica? where from ten to two inches-not 8. Jurisprudence? from the ground but from their Transportation? bodies! 9. "Mr. Rameses, Meet Mr. Moses." 10. Shall It Be the Crescent or the No.5. Bring in a girl who is en- gaged. Let her tell that the popular Star-the Spear or the Book? sign of the selection of the bride all over the modern world is the diamond 11. Was She Justified? Three 12. The Good Old Scout.

Scouts. For both groups use as a finish the Scout's Message.

Hints No. 1. Select two of the liveliest girls from the mines of the dark continent.

you know and give to one the task of Have her tell of the cost of the gem 607

in money and also in the girlhood of to secure elevation for her nation?

Africa. Ask the women and girls pres- What is the result today?* ent to show how many carry a bit of No. 11. Who was the first woman Africa on their hands. to be a foreign missionary? Drama- No.6. Discuss the present date of tize the princess of a great nation the world. For the Moslem the year stooping to save Moses-the child of is 1346; for the Jew, 5688; for the an alien race, of a slave-and giving Japanese, 2587; for the Byzantine, him a chance to learn "all the wisdom 7,436. of the Egyptians." Imagine the first lady of our land, in pre-Civil War Discuss the proposed new thirteen times, fishing a little Negro baby out months plan. Mention Turkish ac- of the Potomac and bringing him to ceptance of our calendar Anno Domini the White House for education and -the year of our Lord Jesus Christ. adoption! Business necessity brings this about. No. 12. The good old scout, the man No.7. Stores are giving away com- who gave himself to a continent-Dapasses. They are indispensable to vid Livingstone. On his grave in scouts. The Moslem compass points Westminster Abbey is the following, to Mecca. What shall be the spiritual taken from his dying words: "Blesscompass for Africa-Christ or Mo- ings on any man, true Christian or hammed? Turk, who will help to heal the open sore of the world." Use this as a speci- No.8. Under Jurisprudence show men of internationalism. Shall we our debt to Africa; modern laws as change it a little: "Blessings on any administered in our courts are based woman of any faith who gives herself on the laws of Moses. Or take Materia to the healing of the sin and suffering Medica. Give the daughter of a phy- and ignorance of those who know not sician this topic. Picture the danger our Christ." to the world of sleeping sickness imported from Africa. Bring in the sleeping sickness of Christians, as to HOW FINANCE BREAKFASTS the need. Or have a railroad man use HELP Transportation. Take the Cairo railroad; where does it touch mission By REV. HOMER L. GLECKLER stations? PafJtor of the First Methodist Episco- No.9. Find somebody with imagi- pal Church of Dodge City, Kansas nation to picture the meeting of Moses For the past two years we have em- with the great Pharaoh. Get a picture ployed the successful method to be of the mummy of Rameses as found described to raise finances needed for in the Boulak Museum and look into the support of the local budget and the face of the man who talked with for missions. A large factor of the Moses. success is simply a breakfast table. Here is the method of procedure: No. 10. Bring in a politician to study the crescent as a symbol of the Preparation world power. Bring a hammer to pic- 1. A strong finance committee of ) ture Charles Martell when Europe was seven representative men is selected. 1 threatened by the domination of Is- About them a group of thirty-fi,ve lam; a spear to symbolize African workers from the membership of the warfare; the book, the means to the official board and others is gathered. allegiance of her people. The workers are divided into three For women's meetings use the fol- • After the above was written a stranger lowing: Give out the topic "Eugen- camp to me saying that she was a missionary ics." Was the Queen of Sheba its first in Aintab in 1913 when the Queen of Abyssinia student ? Was she justified according came seeking a Christian wife for her son and to the morals of her time in her effort bringing a full trousseau, great trunks and bales. This modern Queen of Sheba found an Armenian girl who is now in the royal palace.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

companies, each company being tributed among the captains, care be- headed by a captain. (The selection ing exercised that each group of cards of the captains is most important.) represents about as great financial 2. The budget of the church, in- possibilities as the other.

cluding all the local needs and the 3. During the first morning's break- World Service askings, together with fast a careful statement is made by conference causes, is worked out by the chairman of finances or the pastor the finance committee and approved about the financial needs of the church, by the official board. The budget is the importance of doing the work of printed in detail in the church bulletin. setting up the finances at this par- 3. The date for the canvas, which ticular time, and of canvassing every is called "Loyalty Week," is set. This member of the church for both local should be at least a month in advance needs and for World Service. Oppor- of the first announcement. tunity is given for questions Each 4. Two letters are sent to every captain then places four or five cards member of the church. One is signed (a very limited number) of prospec- by the finance committee setting forth tive givers in the hands of each team, the needs of the church, calling atten- being careful to give out to the mem- tion to the dates of the canvass and bers of some other team than the one urging every member to be loyal to on which he works the names of each the church. The other signed by the worker present. All workers are pastor, calls attention to the fact that urged to make their pledges before the church has no other means of sup- starting out on the first day's work.

port except the voluntary gifts of the Prayer is then offered by the pastor.

people. He also urges the need of all All are asked to see the persons whose the people supporting, by direct con- cards have been given them and be tribution, the World Service work ready to report the work of the day which the church is pledged to carry at the breakfast the following morn- on. ing.

5. The name and address of each 4. As members of the team come in prospective giver is listed on a card. for the breakfast the following morn- This card is a subscription form card ing the captains assemble the reports for both the local budget and the and are ready to report the work of World Service. Subscribers may indi- the various companies according to cate their subscriptions on the card as the form in the accompanying chart.

being payable annually, monthly or (The chart accompanying this article weekly, but all persons are urged to is an exact copy of the results for the pay weekly. 1929 campaign.) 6. During all this period of prepa- 5. It is good to have a little friendly ration the pastor gives a series of Sun- competition between the companies.

day morning sermons on Christian We recognized the company whose re- stewardship. Opportunity is given for port at the end of the first day showed members of the congregation to sign up the best as "the bunch who brought Christian stewardship cards. home the bacon," so we presented The Breakfasts them with a pound of bacon. (The .bacon, by the way, was served at the >' 1. Arrangements are made with the next breakfast.) Another· day the· women of the church to serve break- company with the best report was fast in the church on four consecutive spoken of as "walking long and hard ·f mornings beginning on Monday of and wearing out the soles of their "Loyalty Week." Three tables are ar- shoes." This company was given a ranged-one for each captain and his pair of half soles. One day the com- company of workers. pany having the least to report was 2. Previous to the breakfast cards urged to "dig in"-and the men were of prospective givers have been dis- presented a shovel and pick. These 4

little incidents add to the enjoyment. decided to accept this singular invita- 6. Of course there is no report made tion and so, in the stormy atmosphere at the Monday breakfast, but on each of the Paris Commune, he began to of the following mornings the reports oppose the doctrine of social warfare are made and recorded on the black- and class hatred by preaching the gos- board. On Thursday morning all the pel of Christian love and brotherhood.

remaining cards of prospects are giv- It was at once a venture in faith and en out to the workers. The final re- an international experiment.

port is made at the meeting of the An Astonishing Growth official board Friday night. On this night we have been able to report the Planted in that hard soil, La Mis- l entire budget subscribed. sion Populaire (McAU Mission) has The success of the plan is deter- had an astonishing .growth. Today it mined to a large degree by these fea- includes thirty large Fraternites and tures: the steps of preparation made smaller halls, in twelve centers in Par- for the canvass; the good fellowship is and in fifteen other cities, from the among the workers at the breakfast factory towns of the north of France hours; not assigning too much to be to the Mediterranean, including done each day; and the fact of doing Amiens, Lille, Marseilles, Nantes, the work now and expecting a daily Nemours, Nice, Roubaix, Rouen, and report. St. Quentin. The work also includes Church Budget DODGE CITY, KANSAS Amount Needed-1929-30-$12,666,OO First Day &cond Day II Third Day 1_ Fourth ~_y_ 8S =.. ! ~ S! ~ 1=8S.. ! ~ ~ Is ~ ~ ~ i P:; I~: .. P:; i pd:;;i 8«I .. P:; pd:;;i I' i ip:; P:; P:; i~~ ~~E!<I ~i ~~~I~;~:J. I ~~~I~~f!< ~i Ii~~~1 ~~;:I. ~i !i 5i_~:$151_3.40li~~! 5i~1 $575,~~ _c_o_m_p_a_n_y_A_'_'_'I__ $916,601/1_51 49:$1064'601.1 __ _C_o_m_p_a_nY_B_'_",I__5j 341 12H7,1711_5i~I1477,82,1_5:–=:1 509,90,!_5i~_336,80 .'

Company C ••• 5, 62, 1740.40 I 51 53 1 1086,1611 1 51 22 629.04 51 46 1785.32:1 Totals •••••• 15! J28'$4541.57r15i 1401$3487.50I!/M: 124'$ 3359.32 11; I 151 63 $1541.51 I lI I I I , I Total No, Pledges, 455. Amount, $12,923,51.

HOW A VENTURE IN FRIENDSHIP the evangelization of river towns and IS BEING ACCOMPLISHED villages by means of chapel boats and On the night of August 18, 1871, of inland towns by means of portable an English clergyman, Dr. Robert W. halls and motor cars. In addition McAll, was distributing tracts along there are seven Vacation Colonies and the Boulevard de Belleville, in Paris, Bible Schools in the mountains and by J when he was challenged by a Com- the sea, to which children are sent j munard. during the summer months. An "Come," cried the radical working- enumeration of the activities carried ~ man, "come and preach to us a gospel on in the larger Fraternites would of reality and liberty." mount up to twenty-five or more or- Almost on the instant Dr. McAll ganizations in each.

/- 1930] METHODS FOR WORKERS

The Fraternite is a Christian social lines, a dozen or twenty ecclesiastical center, unique and comprehensive in units being represented in their mem- scope. It is a headquarters for reli- bership. For example, at the annual gious services, social gatherings, club meeting of the Buffalo McAll Auxil- meetings, medical clinics, and is al- iary, the roll call is a competition of ways a place where man, woman or representatives from various local child may find moral and spiritual help churches. The Delaware Avenue Bap- and wholesome recreation. It main- tist Church will be called by the Presi- tains recreation and club rooms in dent and perhaps twenty-five members Paris for younger working girls. will stand, the North Presbyterian Church perhaps thirty, and so on until The work of La Mission Populaire the roll call is completed and three is carried on in its entirety by the de- hundred women will have been on voted French people themselves. their feet as the delegates from a score of churches. America'.s Part Each auxiliary is a law unto itself The American McAll Association is as to its method of procedure. In an immediate outgrowth of extraor- some instances, it will be a monthly dinary circumstances, just as the meeting of the executive committee of founding of the McAll Mission in Par- the local auxiliary, supplemented by is was the unanticipated result of the public meetings alternate months and visit of the English clergyman, Dr. the Annual Meeting in May of all aux- McAll, to the French capital immedi- iliaries at which some distinguished ately after the Commune in 1871. outsider is asked to speak. The meth- ods of donations are either by indi- Six years later, Miss Elizabeth vidual representatives or by means of Rogers Beach of Andover Academy, grants from church budgets. Rum- went to Paris for the continuance of mage sales, lecture courses, musicals, her language studies. One day as she most attractive Christmas cards sold was walking home, feeling lonely and each year for the benefit of mission a bit homesick, she saw over the top orphans, social gatherings of one sort of the doorway of a small shop this or another, are successful ways of lettering: spreading interest and information to increase the treasury, as do life, hon- TO WORKINGMEN orary and other memberships.

Some English friends desire to speak to you of the love of Jesus Christ Entranl!e Free Her curiosity impelled her to enter Sewing and here she met Dr. and Mrs. McAll. During the War there were daily The next year she taught in the Mis- sewing meetings at which thousands sion. Miss Beach returned to the of garments were prepared for ship- United States, not to accept the Chair ment to help women and children. of Modern Language at Smith Col- Now two shipments each year are sent lege, but to go from city to city urging over through the courtesy of the Christian women to organize auxil- French Line on April first and October iaries to aid the work. Miss Beach met first. Patterns and finished samples an untimely death in a shipwreck two will be sent, on request, by Miss years later. But as the result of her Elizabeth Congdon. c/o Mrs. James C. earnest endeavors, the American McAll Colgate, 270 Park Avenue, New York Association was incorporated in 1883 City. .( and today counts some sixty auxil- Vacation Colonies iaries plus twenty young people's aux- I~ iliaries in cities reaching from Boston During the World War the Mission to Minneapolis and from Minneapolis purchased its first Vacation Colony to Washington. These auxiliaries are which cared for orphans. This was a organized 0 n interdenominational challenge to the young people of the

Protestant churches. The young peo- group wishing to plan a McAll pro- ple's groups are devising special plans gram. Movies showing the children for awakening interest in the new of the Mission in action and attrac- generation and in raising contribu- tively colored slides can be obtained tions for the Vacation Colonies, seven from Miss Elizabeth Congdon, Asso- in number: ciate Representative (Young People's Chateau de Coquereaumont, near Rouen. Activities), c/o Mrs. James C. Colgate, 270 Park Avenue, New York City. Bellevue, La Bernerie, in Brittany.

La Villa Bonne Humeur, Chatillon-sur- A program of friendship is carried Seine. out between the young people of France and the young people's auxil- Les Vallees, Fondettes, near Tours. iaries here. We welcome your letters La Rayee, Gerardmer, Vosges Mountains. to send across the sea. For informa- Stade Coligny, St. Quentin. tion concerning the work of the young Rayon de Solei!, Fresnes-l'Archeveque, in Normandy.

Interesting financial reports of these people's groups in all its phases re- Colonies in tabulated form come from quests should be addressed to Miss France – first, the amount in francs Congdon.

which the French Mission children American Students in Paris give for their own holiday; the pro- ceeds of their own fetes; that given Because American students in Paris by the parents and French Protestants, have shown such deep interest, the and the contributions from Protestants Junior Paris Auxiliary of the Amer- in England, Scotland, Canada, and ican McAll Association has been estab- America. lished with Mlle. J eann'e Merle d'Au- ( Each summer increasing hundreds bigne as liaison officer. Its object is of children anticipate their holiday. to interest young American visitors The Vacation Colonies are at the same and students in the social, religious i time Daily Vacation Bible Schools. and philanthropic work of La Mission They not only hold the children dur- Populaire, and to establish a closer re- ing the summer months, when other- lationship between the American and wise they would be left on the streets French young people.

of Paris and other crowded cities, but Mlle. Merle d'Aubigne, daughter of gain recruits for the Bible Schools, La Pasteur Henri Merle d'Aubigne Mission Girl Scouts, Y. W. C. A. Ca- and granddaughter of the noted dets, and the winter schools of the French historian, extends a cordial Mission. invitation to all visitors to call at her Young People's Auxiliaries headquarters, 46 Boulevard des In- valides, Paris Vll, France. She will Over twenty young people's auxil- arrange a tour of McAll stations and iaries are now organized in the United other points of interest in Paris, as States and increasingly the Protestant well as trips to certain of the Vacation denominational and interdenomina- Colonies. Mlle. Merle d' Aubigne is at tional groups are sponsoring and sup- home on Tuesdays after four o'clock.

porting the Vacation Colonies. She will make plans for special eve- These are some of the benefit meth- ning trips, for those who cannot go ~. i ods: garden parties, lectures, book during the afternoon, to La Bienvenue, &,j reviews, luncheons, coin calendars, de- Maison Verte, Salle Centrale, then partment store sales, rummage sales, through the picturesque Italie section J sale of old gold and silver, of French and ending with a visit to the Latin goods on commission, individual sales Quarter. '. of books, candy, jam, etc. Na.tional Children's Auxilia.ry Interesting programs are carried on • by these groups. Histories of the Va- AIM-Friendship. To interest the .. '

cation Colonies with attractive photo- American children in the French chil- graphs will be sent to any person or dren. To encourage our children who

/. 1930] METHODS FOR WORKERS

are friendly to love the children who 5. Youth is vitalized by its teachings.

are friendless. 6. The commonest work of life is PURPosE-Service. Making simple glorified by it.

gifts for French children. Writing 7. It contains the finest poetry and letters and sending snapshots to the greatest eloquence.

French children. Sending gifts of 8. It is light on the pathway in the toys, games, scrapbooks, pictures, and darkest night.

clothes. 9. It is a sun that never sets and it MEMBERSHIP. Children are eligible shines for all.

for membership from the cradle to 10. Its jewels of promise never lose , fourteen years of age. The yearly their lustre.

dues of one dollar entitle a child to 11. The presses on which it is printed become a member of the "FR-AM"- are never silent.

France-America. Member·ship cards 12. It leads business men to integrity must be signed by child and counter- and uprightness.

signed by parent or guardian, who as- 13. It is the great consoler in bereave- ment.

14. It drives clouds from the sky and shelters from the storm.

. ~. 15. It breaks the chains of the pris- oner.

16. It is a fountain whose waters are sweet and sufficient.

17. It answers every great question of the soul.

..1 1 18. It solves every great problem of life.

19. It is a fortress often attacked but never faIling.

sumes responsibility for the keeping 20. Its wisdom is commanding and its of this pledge. Quarterly letters giv- logic convincing.

ing news of our children in both 21. It blazes trails through trackless France and America will be sent to forests.

each member. 22. It civilizes barbarous peoples.

Programs for children's parties, in- 23. It is the garden of beauty and cluding French games, French songs, fragrance.

French stories, tableaux, etc., can be 24. It disappoints no hopes.

obtained from Miss Elizabeth Cong- 25. Its love is a burning passion and don. abiding principle.

WHAT IS THE BIBLE1-AN 26. It amplifies and ennobles every EXERCISE FOR DEVO- soul obedient to its truths. TIONAL SERVICE 27. Salvation is its watchward. Eter- (Slips to be cut apart and given to nal life is its goal. different readers) 28. It heightens every joy of life. Leader asks the question, "What is 29. It leads to the only worthwhile the Bible?" Readers answer the ques- tion. self-expression. 30. It guides to self-mastery and in- sures victory.

1. It is God's Highway to Paradise. 31. It gives life the upward incline.

,r 2. It crowns womanhood with beauty 32. It punctuates all pretense. and manhood with strength. (From "The Secret of the Life Sublime," by 3. It furnishes adequate motives for Dr. A. Z. Conrad, published by Fleming H. Revell Company at $1.50. This chapter is self-sacrifice. used with permission of the publishers.) 4. Children grow in character under For sale by 11. H. Leavis, North Cambridge, ]fass. Prices: 2 for 5 cents; 12 for 25 cents; its influence. 50 for 75 cents; 100 for $1.25.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, AND FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22D STREET, NEW YORK Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions THE CHURCH IN THE kind of skilled and unskilled labor is CHANGING CITY there. It is a case of the old story of Findings of Conference held in Detroit, Feb- who will come out on top. ruary 17-19, 1930, under auspices of Home The city is characterized by peculiar Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions. (Slightly adapted.) attitudes, if not by a city mind.

The conference brought together Among characteristic city attitudes representative executives of denom- are the following: aggressiveness, inational or church City Societies, na- self-assertion with defense attitudes, tional Home Mission Boards, the emotional repressions, the "every- Home Missions Council, city Church body's-doing-it" philosophy (yielding Federations, the Federal Council, the to collective behavior) with an in- Institute of Social and Religious Re- creased tendency toward superficiality search, teachers, pastors, directors of in thinking and in morals. Religious Education, and important laymen and lay women. It was un- These attitudes-city mindednessusually free from any officialism. The grow out of conditions of city life. point of view, as well as the point The breakdown or weakening of the of approach, was not that of societies old social foundation-the family or organizations, but of Christian men group, neighborhood group, racial and women who are all alike deeply group-tends to social disintegration. concerned for the saving of the city. Mobility, the shifting of trade groups, The program represented a fresh ap- population groups and population cenproach to the city and a Christian ters on the one hand; and fluidity, the realism of a very high order. It the daily ebb and flow of the city's brought to every mind a serious con- population on the other, tends to the sideration of the titanic and compel- anonymity of the individual. A sense ling factors with which inevitably the of individual helplessness follows this city church must cope. individual isolation. One must find out how to save himself from being just a While much of the material present- jostled sort of nonentity in the city ed in papers, addresses and discussions where he encounters that peculiar kind had for background the larger metro- of being lost, by being alone, and by politan areas, it was not lost sight of not "belonging." Moral restraints are that these problems, so aggravated in seriously weakened when contacts bethe larger city, are all present in germ come impersonal and relations indirect. in the smaller cities. On the other hand, the city is the most highly organized of human com- i The outstanding thought in almost munities. It does not end in disinteevery discussion, was the influence of gration. There are great constructive the city on personality, family life forces in the city which offer potenand neighborhood groups. tially a means to the freer and finer Fa.ctors a.nd Forces in City Life realization of personality. These pos- sible gains are undoubtedly condition- The city brings together the ex- aI, but that should not lead us to deny tremes of every sort. Every culture their real promise. The city is an of the world is there. Every religious adventure, full of perils, but it cannot faith of the world is there. Every be condemned as wholly bad.

614 II T.he Gospel for the City Mind spiritual rebuilding of the individ- ual. Personality is spiritual. The ., The Gospel for the city mind is a church must become spiritually Gospel for the individual as well as minded. ·r for society. For the most part the 3. A ministry trained in the knowledge folks we are attempting to reach are of the moral basis of human nature, the "un-theologically minded." We and qualified to give spiritual guid- need to regard that fact. The man in ance to people who have lost the the city wants to know how Christ way of life. can come into his life, into the midst 4. Churches that will provide a personal of his moral entanglement and con- fellowship, a helpful atmosphere fusion, domestic strain, the tedious- which will rebuild character, re- ness of his labor; and how he can move from the soul the deposits and renew his life, make it large enough corrosions of the world, and bring to overcome social insignificance and to sin-sick humanity the healing inspire its expression until he is really ministries of Christ. The Gospel living the fulfillment of his ideal. for the city mind must tell the for- lorn, distraught, timid, sinful, bank- Our industrial and commercial civi- rupt life that there are hearts that lization has overshadowed individual- care, that will go the whole way, ity. The individual becomes merely the bearing the burden as partners in representation of the social mass- the venture of man's redemption. factory worker number 5093, the 5. Churches that, while conscious of the chain store 'clerk, the floor walker in disintegrating and degenerating in- the department store. In the midst of fluences of the modern city, will circumstances of industrial standardi- shake off their fear reactions and zation, mass production, economic in- with a confident faith in the trans- stability and business mergers, the forming and directing power of the depersonalization process goes on. spirit of God, will preach a Gospel of Hope. We cannot meet this problem with 6. Churches that will make common an impersonal expression of Chris- cause with the wholesome and con- tianity-a church absorbed in self per- structive interests, social groupings petuation; or a message of hypothesis and purposes of city people, help- or abstraction will not meet the diffi- ing them along, putting a deeper culty. The Gospel must be addressed note into them and enabling these to the person. "The key to the mass social contacts to create a genuine is the individual," says Bishop Free- urbanity, to cultivate the amenities man. The primary need in the city is of life and to enrich human fellow- to rescue man from depersonalization ship. and to empower him to divine fulfill- ment. To do this the Christian reli- City Areas in Church Groups gion must interpret itself in personal terms. Sin and suffering are personal Certain groupings of people arise in conditions. This does not imply that the church should ignore the group. cities, which challenge special con- Group characteristics may furnish the key to the moral problems of the in- sideration by the churches: dividual. There can be a group ap- proach to the individual. 1. The Negro population of more than three and a half million in northern Essential Requirements. To make the cities, concentrated in certain areas, Gospel effective to the city mind the calls for the recognition of Chris- following are especially needed: tian brotherhood, and requires the Christian cooperation of their white 1. A knowledge of psychological mechan- brethren to secure adequate church ism operative in personal confu- properties and to guarantee to them sions and frustrations. equality of religious privilege and equal opportunity with all other 2. A conception of evangelism as a "one citizens for making a livelihood. to one" task, continuous through the 2. The foreign language groups in our cities, brought hither by the great immigration of former years, now presents new challenges to the church. (a) The restricted immigration has allowed the forces of American- ization to make great advances in qualifying these new comers for an understanding of Amer- ican ideals and for citizenship.

(b) The foreign language church there should be churches only less has been the essential means of highly organized. Near the sub~centers bringing the Gospel in the for- of business and entertainment there eign language; but with the in- should be similar coordination of ef- creasing familiarity with the fort among churches most fit to sup- English language these churches plement one another in a varied will take on more and more the ministry. characteristics of A mer i can churches, serve the people of Residential Churches. In the resi- these localities, regardless of dential sections of the city proper races or languages, and Ameri- there should be churches of such size can churches in foreign lan- and distribution as can render the guage sections will be sought type of service and conduct the sort by and will serve the foreign of programs demanded by a variety language groups. of constituencies. No longer is it necessary to proceed by rule of thumb (c) The migration of the foreign in locating such enterprises or in the language groups from city budgeting of their expenditures. Case centers to suburban areas pre- studies of successful churches in resi- sents an opportunity that can dential as well as in more central areas be met only by the broadening now suggest the main lines of achieve- outreach of the suburban ment, though standardization in any American church to include rigid sense is both impossible and un- these people in its fellowship. desirable.

3. Commerce and industry are among Suburban Churches. On the sub- the chief factors in the making of urban fringe of every urban area a city. But the great ranks of the there is found a zone alike of privilege industrially employed are outside and responsibility. Statesmanlike oc- the church. We believe in the cupation of industrial suburbs and preaching and the practice of the cooperative strategy to avoid over- Social Ideals of the Churches as churching in the better residential adopted by the Federal Council as suburbs is imperative. a means of expressing to the in- dustrial groups that the church is Gradually the home base of urban concerned with all classes of people, Protestantism tends to shift from the and that it stands for social justice oldest churches at the heart of the and an equal opportunity for all as city to the great new churches in the an essential part of its Gospel. more fortunate suburbs. Such a trend causes constant loss by transfer from Church Adaptation the churches nearer the center to the churches nearer the circumference of The response of the church to the the urban area. Whether any given church member or family should conneeds of the changing city must be a tinue membership in a more central church or should become a part of varied one. some newer enterprise, is one of the Downtown Churches. In the great most difficult problems of the urban church. Since the more central central areas of the city's life there churches cannot survive without acshould be a few well-staffed, well- tive lay leadership, the rule of beequipped churches, suppleme~. ting each havior seems to be that working and supporting members who are willing other by their differing ministeries. to retain vigorous partnership in the old churches should by all means do Such churches should render a definite so, while those who are able to render service to the surrounding neighbor- more willing and more competent service in the newer churches should hoods. They should also serve as centers of church life and religious thinking for the entire metropolitan region. Their institutional service and their prophetic utterances are of basic importance to the entire life of the city. Just what churches are most fit to perform such a dual and difficult role should be a matter of cooperative agreement among the Protestant forces of the city. In the areas slightly removed from the central business focus of the city

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

be encouraged to do this. Increasingly the original occasions, motives and it becomes evident that none of the achievements of our Protestant di- churches of a metropolitan area exists visions to assess the gains and losses alone. From central urban area to due to these divisions, and to evaluate suburban fringe the problem of the the vital issues that are represented city is one problem, and the interests by these divisions as they exist today.

of all are bound up together. A new Such an evaluation should be honestly and intimate partnership of these con- made in the interest of the conserva- centric circles of city church life is tion of the values of the denomina- imperative. tions and the largest possible service It is obvious that under contem- on the part of Protestant religion in porary conditions, with varied de- these times.

nominational traditions and cultural In facing the problems of city con- inclinations, the geographical distri- ditions it is our persuasion that the ,.,. bution of churches must be supple- functioning of the denominations in mented by the specialized appeal of the highest degree depends upon the certain churches which represent the largest possible interdenominational organization of particular interests, cooperation. We therefore urge the through a new principle of selective denominations: parish distribution. This principle is 1. To undertake cooperatively a study of greatly reenforced by the wise use of the cities upon a scientific basis the automobile. Strategic location and with a view to the discovery of the functional specialization alike are re- actual conditions that prevail and quired of the city church if it is to deploy its forces for an adequate occu- the status of all the churches. pation of the modern urban region. 2. To affirm or reaffirm their allegiance to principles of comity that have been developed in the course of the The changing city emphasizes anew progress of cooperative Christian- the necessity laid upon the church to ity, and steadfastly support the save the community and not to save itself. The city church must be a same in the occupancy of new fields within the city areas, and in the adjustments that must be made nucleus for the integrating process in over-churched and inadequately ;( for the community. It must think in churched sections, if the full re- sponsibility of Protestant religion is terms of service and not desert a field to be assumed and discharged under because of difficulties. prevailing conditions.

3. To consider seriously the necessity of Religious Education a vital service to the down-town )' Religious Education in all its wider sections of our large cities, and the challenge to consolidate churches range of activity and projects is one where inadequately supporting con- of the greatest factors in a well-bal- stituencies prevent them from ren- anced program of a church seeking to dering the type and quality of serv- minister to the city community-es- ice these communities require and pecially in the underprivileged sec- the Kingdom of God demands. tions. Its concern is the development 4. To undertake at once to equalize re- ligious privilege by a thoroughgoing church city planning, vigorously of personality and the integration of prosecuted, comprehending the city the individual life with the world in and its environs, the city and its which one must live. It is our great future, the city and its past, all in hope for the future in the development terms of need and interrelation both of an adequate church leadership denominationally and interdenomi- .".., trained for its difficult tasks in a com- nationally. plex city, a clear direction as to how 5. To recognize and use the denomina- ,f to meet our Christian goal. tional City Society or Church Ex- tension Board as the suitable agency working towards the equal- Church City Planning and Comity izing of religious privileges within Justly to evaluate the local denomi- our larger fellowship. 6. To recognize and use the City Federa- national church we need to consider tion or Council of Churches as the

agency for unifying the religious church, a worshipping church, a winsome forces of the entire city. Without church; a church that interprets the such unification we shall fail in our truth in terms of its own times and chal- task. lenges its times in terms of the truth; a church that inspires courage for this The Larger Statesmanship life and hope for the life to come; a church of all good men, the Church of The Conference recorded profound the Living God.-John M. Moore. conviction that the fundamental ques- tion confronting organized religion in SUMMER READING LIST our large cities is: Shall the church The following list of books will be seek to maintain and extend itself found really worthwhile summer readas an institution, or shall it seek, at ing. You will thoroughly enjoy the whatever cost, to build the Kingdom time you spend on them, and they will of God and adequately to serve human make a fine background for the work needs. The conference recorded be- of the coming year. lief that the time has come when local churches in many downtown districts East Wind, West Wind, by Pearl S. should be willing, should the interest Buck. Published by John Day; $2.50. of the Kingdom require, to give up A novel of modern problems in China. their lives for the larger life of the community and the greater interests Portrait of a Chinese Lady, by Lady of the Kingdom. "He that would save Hosie. Published by Morrow; $5.00. his life shali lose it, and he that would If you liked "A Daughter of the lose his life for my sake and the Gos- Samurai" you will enjoy this. pel's shall save it," is just as ap.-p.licable to churches as to individuals. Wednesdays and Other Stories, by Annie B. Kerr. Published by The Womans Press; Gift edition, $1.50. A charm- ing little book of true stories of for- eign-born people.

Denominationalism, local church pride A Cloud of Witnesses by Elsie Singof history and tradition, mere per- master. Published by Central Comsonal attachments to buildings and lo- mittee; paper 50c, cloth 75c. Collected cations, should no longer stand in the biography in its most palatable formway of the larger statesmanship de- a group of Christian Nationals from different countries.

manded by the changing city. The Trader's Wife, by Jean Mackenzil:!.

The conference was convinced that Published by Farrar and Rhinehard; the abiding church in the changing $2.00. African journal-most inter- esting. city will be the church that changes Splendor of God, by Honore Willsie Morits policies, methods, programs, and if row. Published by Morrow; $2.50. need be its location, to meet the de- Thrilling biography of Adoniram Jud- son of Burma. mands of the times, without forsaking .. or compromising the eternal truths of Laughing Boy, by Oliver La Farge. the changeless Gospel which are "the Published by Houghton Mifflin; $2.50. Pulitzer prize novel portraying the same yesterday, today and forever." life of present-day Navajo Indian youth.

THE CHURCH' OF MY DREAMS Cimmaron, by Edna Ferber. Published by Doubleday Doran; $2.50. Early This is the church of my dreams. A days in Oklahoma-not a dull moment. church adequate for the task; the church I of the warm heart, of the open mind, of A Lantern in Her Hand, by Bess the adventurous spirit; the church that Streeter Aldrich. Published by D. 1 cares, that heals hurt lives, that comforts Appleton; $2.00. A novel on pioneer old people, that challenges youth, that life. knows no divisions of culture or class, no frontiers, geographical or social; the The Great Meadow, by Elizabeth Mad- dox Roberts. Published by Viking church that inquires as well as avers, Press; $2.50. The settling of Kenthat looks forward as well as backward; tucky-a novel.

the church of the Master, the church of The Land of Saddle-Bags, by James the people, the high church, the broad Watt Raine. Published jointly by church, the low church, high as the ideals Council of Women for Home Missions of Jesus, broad as the love of God, low and Missionary Education Movement; as the humblest human; a working $1.50. Full of the thrill of mountain

adventure and the delicious humor of THEREFORE, we, the undersigned, Appalachian folk. appeal to the Legislature of the State Freedom, by Welthy Honsinger Fisher. of Iowa to consider this protest and to Published by Friendship Press; 85c. grant redress from our gri()vances, Story of high caste Indian students, and we call upon all citizens, churches, and present-day problems in India. clubs and organizations of all sorts, Aggrey of Africa, by Edwin W. Smith. and the men and women of Iowa who Published by Richard R. Smith; $2.50. believe in education free from mili- A remarkable biography-an appeal tary compulsion to sustain us in this for the Christian way of life in race protest, by all means within their relations. power, so as to convey to the Legisla- ture of the State and those charged A BOOK-AND LIBERTY with authority that they are not in sympathy with the continuance of this He ate and drank the precious words, policy.2 His spirit grew robust; North Carolina He knew no more that he was poor, Nor that his frame was dust. To find in a college catalog a state- ment such as the following- He danced along the dingy days, And this bequest of wings All physically acceptable freshmen and sophomores are required to take mili- Was but a book. What liberty tary training, except those excused by A loosened spirit brings! the president of the college or the pro- -Emily Dickinson. fessor of Military Science and Tactics- MILITARISM IN EDUCATION r-ne need not go to Germany, Austria, Bulgaria or Turkey, but to the 1929- One of the specific objectives which 1930 Annual Catalog of North Carothe Fifth Conference on the Cause and lina State College of Agriculture and Cure of War approved last January Engineering. This State institution for presentation to groups interested is one of the land-grant colleges in a in working for permanent peace was nation which fought a "War to End the followingi : War," and which signed the Kellogg Peace Pact. The land-grant colleges To study the extent and effects of were established for the primary purmilitary training in schools and colleges. pose of teaching agriculture and me- chanics, the useful arts of peace.3 Two recent utterances will be of interest in this connection. ULTIMATELY-PEACE Iowa The Naval Parley? It is only an- other form of war agreements. How- We, the undersigned students of the ever, it does some sort of good to the State University of Iowa at Iowa City, world, because it does make people do hereby certify that we have each think about the seriousness of these taken military drill in the past or are things. We cannot do away with navy taking it at the present time. and army unless the people want it, and as to when the people want such That we protest against said mili- a thing is a matter of ideals and detary drill being made compulsory upon sires for peace, and ideals and desires male students of the State University for real peace for everybody in the of Iowa, for the following reasons world are slow things to get to the among others: minds of the people.

We have found it by experience to 2 Petition signed by 2,000 stUdents at the be time wasting, irksome, and detri- University of Iowa in the spring of 1930. mental to proper scholarship. 3 From The Wataugan, May, 1930, published We deem it an invasion of academic by the stUdent body at North Carolina State freedom. College, Raleigh, N. C.

We emphatically declare that we have no personal desire to take military drill and that we have only done so or are doing so under compulsion.

t Resolutions and program for 1930·1931 adopted by the Conference are quoted in full in the April REViEW.

labor government. He was a

Patriotism Pulls Women Together in his boyhood, and won his way, as THE importance of women in public so many of his countrymen have done life and their devotion and zeal in by living laborious days and nights: service to their new Republic of The way of promoti'On lay through the Estonia is given by Miss Clara Roe, secretaryship of his union to member- of New York, as an outstanding im- ship in Parliament. Like so many pression 'of the visitor. other labor men he is a devoted mem- "Between her home, her job and her ber of his church, the Church of Scot- public duties, the time of an educated land, and he fills the part of High woman in Estonia is severely taxed. Commissioner b'Oth with dignity and Many such women have two or three whole-hearted sincerity. Among other public duties, a job as haonmotehmerakear~ discussions there was one upon Forwife and mother, and eign Missions which had its own ses- wage-earner: These Estonian women sion. Dr. John R. Mott gave a weighty are carrying heavy responsibilities. speech and Sir D. Y. Cameron, the All are public spirited and their coun- great Scottish artist, spoke upon the try is using them to the utmost. Es- report with a passionate concern for tonia lost its men heavily in the this task, the crown of all Christian World War, and in its struggle for service. It is significant of the place independence women must now help to which the church has icnomSceostolahned~rtthilayt its artists and writer,s do the work of their nation. Women to its service. – Edward Shillito in also work in the fields, repair roads, "The Chris,tian Century." , streets and railroad tracks, work in brickyards, lumber yards and in build- Call of Knights of St. John ing construction and perform other laborious tasks. If they sought to use THE order of the Knights of St. John their political power to the fullest, has issued an appeal to the sons of they could out-vote the men. Every German noblemen of the Lutheran one is public spirited, carrying two or faith to consider the calling of the three jobs, with pride instead of com- ministry. The Order stresses the need plaint." Tuberculosis is widely prev- of the churches for young men of edualent among young women as a re- cation and training in the places vf sult of undernourishment as children, leadership. It points out that nearly congested housing, long winters and a thousand years ago the ancestors of lack of fruits and vegetables. Lectures the present nobility took up the Cross and demonstrations are given on food in an attempt to break the power of and food values.-Y. W. C. A. the infidels who ruled the Holy Land. T'Oday, it continues, the call is for a C'hurch of Scotland Assembly new crusade to fight the unbelief which has asserted its power through- HERE is only one Church of Sc,ot- out all sections of the country.-Con- T land now. The first assembly after gregationalist. the great assembly, when the union was accepted last year, was held in Evangelical Movements in Ukraine May. .M:. James Brown was the High THE new evangelical movements in Con:mIssIoner onc~ more, as he .was the Polish Ukraine are highly en- durmg the short hfe 'Of the preVIOUS couraging. A quiet investigation last 620

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

summer revealed the fact that no less children of the district to a marionette than seven evangelical groups have show at which the Ten Command- sprung up in this section of Poland as ments were derided in a manner so a result of Polish immigrants to obscene that the police finally inter- America returning to their native vened.

country, imbued with the desire toO Such conditions are symptomatic ,spread the Gospel among their co- for a large part of Europe, and it is racials. Most of them have developed no wonder that the European churches on the strength of gifts received from feel very strongly the need of Prot- American agencies or individuals, estant support from overseas. The ," which, like the Central Bureau for practical expression of the sympathy Relief, have become interested in this felt by the American churches for new growth of the evangelical faith their European coreligionists has been in unpllopitious surroundings. In channeled, for a number of years, 1929, a beginning was made for an through the Central Bureau for Relief "inter-group" conference over here in of the Evangelical Churches of Europe, America, in the hope of coordinating instituted late in 1922 as an interde- the supporters of these various fields nominational and international relief of work and eliminating the overlap- agency, its European office being in ping which is already manifesting it- Geneva under the direction of Dr. self in some areas. . ) The Cent~al Bureau foOr Relief has Adolf Keller, and its American office located in New York, directed by an taken special interest in this work. Some effort should be made to bring American Executive Committee com- these new movements into cooperative relations with the old Polish Evan- posed of church representatives.-Re- port of the Rev. J. Ross Stevenson, gelical Church in Silesia, and in gen- D.D.

eral to consolidate the Protestant ele- Unemployment in Europe ments in Poland, transforming the numerically negligible separate groups CHRONIC for ten years, unemploy- into a recognized and potent factor in ment has taken a decided turn for the population.-Report of the Rev. J. the worse. The enrolment of workers Ross Stevenson, D.D. for insurance of every kind is 16,000,- 000. Of these about 12,000,000 are ,t insured against unemployment. Be- Anti-Religious Communism fore the War normal unemployment I" THE "red menace" has so often been was put at an average of 4 per cent used as a spectacular bugaboo in of the employed, which, for registered political circles that it has come to be industries, would work out at 500,000 regarded as a myth by liberal people. or thereabouts. In June, 1920, the It has been more of a stern reality in number of registered unemployed was Europe than we like to admit over 1,130,000, or more than double the here. Toward the end of 1929 evidence normal. in abundance was provided to the world that the trend of communi,stic In January, 1930, it was found that thought is not merely atheistic but unemployment had increased to 1,475,- definitely anti-religious. Communistic 000. During the Spring, when trade ideas find willing listeners among the might have been expected to pick up, ignorant working classes of Europe, the number increased yet further by haIfof whose earnings are ,swallowed as many as 28,000 in a single week, by reparation payments or interest on and now the total exceeds 1,750,000, .':, national indebtedness. Atheism, more while it is keenly prophesied that the aggressive than merely negative, ac- peak will rise beyond 2,000,000, or one companies this trend. A local Social- in six of registered workers.

ist children's center in Berlin recently The figures are not inclusive. Farm had the effrontery to invite the school labor, domestic service and other oc-

cupations are not insured against un- own automobile to the pastor's wife employment. In the agricultural areas to take the child to Pinerolo, where she there is reported considerable loss of was put out of danger. – Record of work. Christian Work.

Nonemployment, even in Great Lutheran Churches in Russia Britain, is an element in a world-wide situation. In Germany, S'O it is stated, FAITH and hope in the face of adthe total has risen to 3,000,000. In versity are the keynote of a letter Italy there is mention of 1,000,000. of the Rt. Rev. Theodore Meyer, of Even in Russia, where the workers are Moscow, Bishop of the Lutheran assured of Communism, there is evi- Church of Russia, written April 26, dence of acute distress.-P. W. Wilson, to a Lutheran leader in the United in uNew York Times." States. In describing the reacti'On of the Church in Russia to conditions Italian Crown Prince Greets Wal- imposed from without, Bishop Meyer says in part: densian In the great need which hangs heavy THE Waldensian church in Italy has upon us it is a great consolation to us gained rather than lost by the that you are not growing weary in reofficial reoonciliation of Italy and the membering us in your prayers and sup- Vatican. It has received publicity of porting us with your gifts…… The a helpful kind. There is a feeling of situation of the church becomes more friendliness and respect toward the difficult with each day…… The need Waldensians which was not known be- of the pastors who are still in service is fore. very great because the congregations are impoverished and in spite of their will- "During the summer maneuvers of ingness to help are scarcely able to conthe 92d Infantry Regiment in our tribute anything toward the expenses of valleys its colonel, our Crown Prince the church and the pastors. Further, Umberto, had an opportunity of mak- extremely high taxes have been imposed ing himself known to our people, who this year upon a great number of the were enthusiastic in their admiration pastors. Especially in the cities are the for his gentleness and affability." congregations unable any longer to guar- antee their livelihood. In consequence One day in the Charcoal-Burners' of this condition in many cities and Glen he met an old Waldensian and towns, the congregations have united into stopped to talk to him. He learned one district parish but in spite of this that the old man was quite proud of they are scarcely able to continue existhaving seen three kings of Italy- ence. In the villages, too, the state of Victor Emanuel II, Humbert, and the congregations and the pastors is very Victor Emanuel III. precarious.

"One of my remaining wishes would GENERAL be to see also our young prince, who is a nice feHow, they tell me, but I Dr. Mott Finds World Open to Chrisam too old and shall never have the chance. I keep his picture with me. tianity Here it is !" NEVER were the doors of entry "Don't you think I look a good deal into other lands so wide open to like him?" asked the prince. Christianity as at present, Dr. John R. Mott told the evangelism group of "Why, you are the prince, and I have the Federal Council of the Churches spoken to you as if you had been only of Christ in America which met at an officer! But I am glad to have seen East Northfield in June. you bef'Ore dying." Having recently returned from a "Well, so am I," said the prince, trip around the world, Dr. Mott told of and with a hearty handshake he the spirit of inquiry which was creatcrowned the old man's happiness. ing conditions ripe for the message of Chri,st. Even the Mohammedan W'Orld A little girl at Bobbio having been is open to evangelization, he said. bitten by a viper, the prince lent his Dr. Mott gave a most encouraging

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

'Outline 'Of cQnditiQns in 'Other CQun- gation was from the Kumiai Riji, 'Or tries frQm the PQint 'Of view 'Of the Association of Independent Churches.

Christian wQrk. As an illustrati'On he The General Convention of the Chris- tQld 'Of the resQlve 'Of Mr. Chang Sing- tian Church in the United States was yee, speaking in behalf 'Of the native represented this year for the first time.

church 'Of China, that within five years The Rev. J. V. Chelliah, Moderator 'Of the Christian Church 'Of China was to the United Church 'Of South India, be dQubled, and this in the face 'Of the who has recently been in the United cataclysmic cQnditiQns prevailing in States, sailed with the American pil- ," China nQW. In India, Dr. MQtt said, grimage. The InternatiQnal Council Christianity is 'On the thresh'Old 'Of a was organized at LondQn, England, mQst far-reaching influence. 1891.

"I have never been soo impressed be- BQurnemouth offers nQt only a beau- fQre by the tide 'Of inquiry that is tiful, but in many respects an appro- sweeping 'Over all cQuntries." Dr. priate, setting for the present CQuncil.

MQtt said, "We in America think there It is a strQng CQngregational center.- is a flQQd 'Of literature abrQad, but we Congregationalist.

.1 have nQthing in cQmparisQn with 'Other lands. TQkYQ, fQr· example, has miles Christian Endeavor T 'Of b(}QkshQPs. The press is reaching HE 'Officers 'Of the InternatiQnal So- ciety 'Of Christian Endeavor in milliQns tQday that never knew any- .I thing beYQnd the borders of their own their last meeting befQre leaving fQr little cQmmunities only a few years the WQrld's Christian Endeavor CQn- ago. All this means that the dQQrs 'Of ventiQn in Berlin gave thQughtful CQn- 'Opportunity fQr Christ are equally sideratiQn to the general status 'Of the wide open. The barriers of age-old wQrk thrQughout NQrth America.

custom and prejudice against the for- The repQrt of the General Secretary, eigner are now dQwn. Faith and ex- Mr. Gates, n'Oted a number 'Of im- pectation on the part of the Christian PQrtant elements 'Of prQgress. The Church are all that is necessary for recent CQncurrent statement frQm the the evangelization of the wQrld." denQminatiQnal leaders cQncerning the present place 'Of the yQung people's so- International Congregational Council ciety in the present program 'Of Chris- THIS notable annual event in the tian education indicates an increas- congregational churches 'Of the ingly cQQperative attitude among the world was held this year, July 1-8, in denQminatiQns. The InternatiQnal SQ- I.

BournemoOuth, England. Six hundred ciety has been cQQperating heartily A. Congregationalists from Arne ric a with the American Bible Society in sailed frQm New YQrk, June 14, to Bible-study work and the distributiQn attend this great meeting. Delega- 'Of the Scriptures. Several hundred tions were also en route frQm many delegates are attending the World's other cQuntries. Christian EndeavQr CQnventiQn in The InternatiQnal C'Ouncil is CQm- Berlin from the United States. Active posed of 450 voting delegates, of whQm wQrk has been started in connectiQn 150 are from the United States. It with plans fQr the fiftieth anniversary represents 24,275 churches with a CQn- 'Of the fQunding 'Of Christian EndeavQr.

stituency 'Of 6,000,000 in the United Mr. Paul ShQup, President 'Of the States, Canada, Great Britain and SQuthern Pacific RailrQad, is general twenty-eight 'Other cQuntries on all chairman 'Of the Fiftieth Anniversary continents. In several cQuntries, not- International CQnventiQn cQmmittee, ably Canada, North India and SQuth which is planning the CQnvention tQ India, the representatiQn in the CQun- be held in San FranciscQ in 1931. In cil is from recently formed United this connectiQn plans are being made Churches in which the Congregational- by the International SQciety fQr the ists have merged. The Japanese dele- celebratiQn 'Of the fiftieth anniversary

at the time of Christian Endeavor of Christendom, the Augsburg Con- Week in February, 1931. Plans are fession. being made for the proposed Transpacific Convention in Australia in Sep- Four hundred years ago – at three tember or October of 1931. o'clock Saturday afternoon, June 25, 1530, to be precise-the Saxon Chan- Dr. Poling indicated that he was to cellor, Dr. Beyer, began the reading give a generous portion of his time of the Augsburg Confession to the next year to special Christian En- Emperor Charles V at a private sesdeavor visitation in important centres sion of the Diet in the chapter room throughout this country. A plan was of the bishop's palace. Two hours adopted which calls for a series of two- later he had finished the reading and day institutes in approximately two handed to the Emperor both the Latin hundred and ,fifty strategic centres 'original, which had been read, and the during the fall, winter, and spring of German translation. The Emperor 1930-31.-Christian Endeavor World. forbade the publication of either.

Home Missions Congress The Augsburg Confession is one of the great historic documents of Prot- W HAT the now famous· Jerusalem estantism and its adoption was a meeting of the Internati'onal Mis- major step in the development of sionary Council accomplished in the Protestant thought. Elaborate plans thinking and planning for the foreign for the commemoration of the four missionary movement of the future hundredth anniversary have been made the North American Home Missions at Augsburg, and the, American Congress, to be held in Washington, churches have been invited to be rep- D. C., November 30-December 5, will resented through the Federal Council do in some measure for the missionary of Churches. cause at home, if the hopes of its leaders are fulfilled. For nearly two CHINA years, three large commissions have been at work, gathering preparatory Methodist Bishops Consecra.ted in data which will serve as a basis for China. the deliberations of the Congress. Commission I is ·studying the task and THE Foochow News, April, 1930, administration vf home missions; prints a colorful story of the Cen- Commission II the promotion of home tral Conference at Nanking, which elected Bishvps Gowdy and Wang: missions and Commission III coopera- The consecration service was most imtion in home missions. The primary pressive. Bishop Nuelsen preached a purpose is thoroughly to evaluate the wonderful sermon, after which Bishop home missionary enterprise in the Birney took charge of the consecration service. Bishops-elect Gowdy and Wang light of present-day conditions in the came forward, and with them came the '. Church and in the Nation at large, assisting elders, the Rev. H. R. Caldwell, and to reach as full agreement as pos- the Rev. Liu Fang, the Rev. Lincoln sible on the best methods for advance. Dsang, Dr. Uong Gang Huo, and Dr. C.

The membership of the Congress is A. Felt.

to be limited to about five hundred As the consecration service was read members who will be carefully selected in both English and Chinese (so that each bishop-elect received his charge in by the participating denominations.- his native language) a great hush fell Presbyterian Survey. over the congregation. It was a historic moment, a moment full of possibilities Anniversary of Augsburg Confession and promise for the extension of Christ's Kingdom. Although Bishop Gowdy had THE great event of the year in the been elected first, Bishop Birney first widely extended Lutheran com- consecrated Bishop Wang, a breaking of munion is the commemoration of the precedent which met with general apadoption of one of the notable creeds proval. -The Christian Advocate.

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Heroic Service in Shantung China Questions Tradition T T HE Williams Porter Hospital, in HE REV. E. M. NORTON, of the Tehchow, Shantung, with all the C. M. S. in Fukien Province, says disturbances and alarms of the past that in religious, social and political year has carried on unflinchingly, life, what cannot stand the test of rea- treating 761 in-patients and 8,908 dis- son is condemned and abolished. He pensary patients, performing 306 believes that this is why temples are ) major operations and 745 minor opera- being destroyed or transformed into tions, training twenty-five nurses, and schools or museums, idols are being giving laboratory examinations to beheaded and burned; in short, all old 2,785 cases. More revealing of what customs and traditions are in the melt- last year's life meant there at the ing pot. Fourteen years ago, it was hospital are Some of the words from almost impossible to get boys to ask questions; they accepted everything the accounts of Drs. Tucker: the teacher said. Now whether the Famine and want have continued to subject be English grammar or spell- stalk in the land, and Dr. Francis Tucker, ing, mathematics or science, astron- helping in the relief work in Shantung and southern Hopei provinces, aided in omy or religion, they ask "Why? Is giving out some $300,000-mostly used it really true? How do you know?" as loans for some two thousand irriga- tion wells (to combat future drought), or in repair of roads to facilitate trans- Bible Class in Shantung portation, or In the conservation of DR. C. E. SCOTT, of Tsinan, writes waterways. Food and medical supplies of a class for rural leaders at Yu have saved the lives of many men, wom- Cheng, a walled city, where elders and en an.d c~ildre~. One county lost nearly deacons met for a month of hard half Its mhabItants by death and emi- gration. We shall never forget the cart- study. The effort was the more com- loads of girls (less often boys) crawling their long journey to new and far dis- mendable in view of the suffering in tant homes–sold for from three to fifty this region, soldier-ridden and infested dollars each. As the world over, they with bandits. Time was taken to or- were loved by their parents, but these ganize a new church in this harried could no longer feed them. Now the destitution is less, but there are areas section. in other parts of China even more On market days class members seriously affected than were ours a year preached to the crowds and sold gospel ago. Fighting has not been serious in portions, the most advantageous point our region, though soldiers a-plenty there are in the hospital-wounded in attempts of vantage being the platform in front to suppress bandits. Dr. Emma Tucker of the chapel. Saturday and Sunday was beaten, maltreated and robbed in her afternoons the group was divided into own house the early part of the year- bands, and went preaching through the thieves doubtless being unpaid soldiers. Dr. Francis Tucker was twice the villages surrounding the city. The captured while on relief trips. The relief last Sunday evening, by the light of auto was in captivity fifteen hours in candles and lanterns, communion serv- one instance, some persons captured at ice was held, and each delegate re- the same time being robbed of all they turned to his village resolved to serve possessed, including their clothing, which . they had to exchange for the bandits' as never before. garments. The bandit chief, one of the heads of the gang of 250 or so, said, "1 Peanuts Given China by Missionary T know you. 1 was in the hospital last HE Rev. George H. Trull, of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign year. See that scar-and that one! Be- sides, we respect what you are now do- ing for the famine sufferers. 1 do not Missions, New York, writes from like my occupation, but my family has to China: live. You shall lose nothing. We will ," place our own guard over your 'gas At lunch today, Chinese-grown peanuts buggy' and contents. Nothing shall be like the American variety were on the touched." He was as good as his word. table. My missionary companion, Mr. S. J. Mills, said: "Father (Rev. Charles -Congregationalist. R. Mills) introduced these nuts to China 5

at Tengcho about fifty years ago. He "with or without the cooperation >of received them first from Archdeacon the treaty powers." The far-reaching Chinese public health program of the Thompson of the American Church Mis- League gave rise to speeches of consion. Years before the introduction of gratulation from the Chinese per- manent representative at Geneva, Mr. oil from abroad, China depended for its Woo Kaiseng, as well as from several lights chiefly upon oil derived from na- member,s of the Council.

tive peanuts and other vegetable seeds.

The ordinary Chinese peanut is quite small. Its oil was extracted by com- pressing the nut in the shell which was very thin and absorbed only a little of the oil. A Chinese General Visits Mission "Father divided the American peanuts GEN. CHANG CHIH CHIANG, one between two Chinese Christians, advising of the leaders of the Chinese Govthem to plant the nuts and replant the ernment, visited the Central Confercrop each year for three years. One of ence of the Methodist Church at Nanthem gave up the experiment shortly king and addressed the delegates with .because the old method of compressing the energy and insight of a prophet. the nuts in the shells yielded less oil than The China Christian Advocate dethe American variety on account of their scribes it as "the thrill of the Conferthick shells which absorbed most of the ence." He and his wife brought their oOil. The other man persevered, and dis- two children to the Sunday morning .covered that by first removing the nuts service, where they were christened from the shells and then compressing Mary and Samuel.-The Christian Adthem he got an abundance of oil. He vocate. therefore c!)ntinued to replant his crop and made a great success. Today thousands of tons of peanuts are exported annually from China." Enough peanuts fifty years ago to fill one's hands was an insignificant number from which to secure the bountiful crops of today. Rather Ohinese Want Missionaries big results from small beginnings! It THE Canton Missionary Conference, has life and when planted it multiplies. representing missionaries belong- Christianity has taken firm root in ing to American, British and German China's soil. Already there is a harvest missions, was addressed by Dr. C. Y. but only the first fruits of a larger one Cheng, Moderator of the Church of which faith claims.

Further Steps A'gainst Opium Christ in China and General Secretary of the National Christian Council of I NNOVATIONS of considerable im- China, 'on "The Forward-Looking portance with reference to the Church." Dr. Cheng especially rehandling of the opium problem were quested the missionaries to make made by the Council of the League of articulate the voice of the Chinese Nations at its meeting in May. It Church in seeking for more missiondecided to add to the Advisory Com- ary helpers. The Conference, theremittee on Opium, a,s representatives fore, adopted the following resolution: of non-manufacturing states, Austria, Belgium, Egypt, Mexico, Poland, That we, as a Missionary Conference, appeal to our home constituencies and to Spain, and Uruguay. Furthermore, the youth of our homelands for the conthe Council decided to convene a con- tinued and increased cooperative support ference on limitation of drug manu- of the Christian Movement in China. facture on or about December 1, 1930, The call from China is for men and which may possibly be preceded by a women who are willing to work with the preliminary (lonference, of representa- Chinese as fellow workers, they should tives of manufacturing countries only. be men and women of large vision and In conjunction with the initiation of spiritual power. The problems that will the League's program of public health confront them may be great but the chaldevelopment in China it was recom- lenge is to the big, brave souls who wish mended that an inquiry should be in- to make a contribution to the greatest stituted by the Chinese Government potential Christian adventure of today and themselves to grow, by varied ex~ periences, into spiritual greatness.

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ISLANDS would be a "submerging of Malay civ- Senate COJUJUittee Favors Free Philip- ilization with anGther race, the Chi- pines nese. It WGuld be a result as in- . A F AVORABLE report to the Senate evitable as the rise of the tide on the on the Hawes-Cutting Philippine seashore." independence bill, which would give the islands complete independence, if, The bill was not pressed at that ses- siGn .of Oongress and goes over to the / after a period .of five years a plebiscite session next win t e r. – New York should reveal them to be in favor .of Times.

it, was .ordered by the Senate Com- mittee .on Territories by a vote of 8 Virgin Islands . I, ,. B to 4. ECAUSE of the seriousness .of the The Filipino people would take .over economic situation in the Virgin the management .of their government Islands, Herbert D. Brown, chief of during the five-year periGd and WGuld the United States Bureau of Efficiency, decide .on the basis .of the experience has left Washington to return to the .of these five years whether they WGuld Islands.

'. accept independence as a permanent In his repGrt tG CGngress the effi- pGssessiGn. ciency expert went into every phase They WGuld receive tariff autGnomy, of the social and econGmic activities with the result that they WGuld be .of the Islands and said that few of deprived .of expGrting their prGducts them were without need of substantial tG the United States free of duty. and immediate relief.

Opposition to Philippine independ- Since the purchase of the Islands ence either immediately, or after a from Denmark in 1917 for $25,000,000 stated periGd of years, was expressed the economic situation has grown con- by Secretary .of State Stimson, former stantly worse until at present not Governcr General cf the Philippines. enough is derived from taxes to pay He opposed immediate independen~e for the upkeep of the local g.overn- .on three grounds: That it wculd be ment. Because they have been the disastrGus tG the Filipino people, dis- victims of a series of calamities, the astrous alsG to the interests .of the population has dwindled from 26,051 United States, both in the Islands and in 1917 to 22,012 in 1930. In the the Far East, and inevitably cause Virgin group are the Islands of St.

such a general disturban:eaf affairs Thomas and St. Croix and the much in the Far East as to undo the present smaller one of St. John.-New York stabilized oGnditiGns with respect to Times.

the interests of various countries in that region. SilliJUan Head Resigns Secretary Stimson told the Commit- NEARLY' every boat which leaves tee he believed "the Filipino peGple this port just now carries mis- are quite unprepared for independence sionaries who are going home on fur- either pGlitically .or eCGnomically," and lough. Of all who are sailing this that ,severance of the Islands from the spring, perhaps none has left such a leadership or control .of Ameri;;a permanent record .of achievement as "would destrGY self-government in the Dr. David S. Hibbard, the retiring Philippines, and the result WGuld president of Silliman Institute. Lo- either be a condition of anarchy .or a cated in Dumaguete, Oriental Negrces, cGndition of oligarchy." this school is strategically in the The masses, he declared, WGuld be center of the sGuthern half of the at the mercy of politicians and money Philippines. Dr. Hibbard founded it '.) lenders. If sudden independence in 1901, and in the 29 years since has were given, the Islands would be over- guided it to steady growth and ex- run by the Chinese, and the result panding influence. There is nG single

piece of mission work in the entire I recently asked Mahatma Gandhi "t Philippines which can be compared what he thought our mutual friend with it. It attracts a student body of Andrews meant to the progress of . more than 900 students, drawn from modern India. And in that characterall over the Islands, and distributed istically pensive, meditative mood, he <• through all the grades from elemen- said: "My dear friend, what I think tary to college. Twenty-five mission- of Andrews is that India has no serv- •, aries and a considerable number of ant more devoted, more sincere, and Filipinos are employed on the faculty. more hard working. I love the name !I Dr. Hibbard expects to return to the the toiling Indians of the Fiji Islands Philippines, but believes that the grow- gave him – Deenabandhu Andrews- ., ing demands of the presidency of such friend of the lowly." The loving estia large institution should be placed on mate of Gandhi tells the whole story , the shoulders of a younger man.- of this wonderful life in a few strik- Harold E. Fry, in "The Christian ing words. He calls him a servant and ., Century." a friend of the lowly. That is what his deeds, words, and motives all ex- ,I Manila School Strike emplify. Service is the natural expres- THE strike of high school students sion of his life. in Manila shows several things. In the first place, it shows how much One time, at the poet Tagore's home harm may be done by tactless remarks in Bolpur, I asked Mr. Andrews what growing out of lack of appreciation of he considered the most essential qual- Filipino ide a s and temperament. ity in a modern missionary. Without There are approximately 300 Amer- even stopping to think, he answered, ican teachers in the Philippine school "Willingness to serve, and a detersy,stem. Most of them are sincerely mination not to direct our Indian colrespected and admired by their students, and they deprecate as much as leagues." anyone such occurrences as this one. In the second place, this incident ·shows . . . Years ago he came out to India that there are deep undercurrents in from Cambridge University. He was Filipino life of which most Americans, a priest in the Church of England. At including many here, are ignorant. Delhi and elsewhere he served as col- All Asia is deeply stirred, and the lege professor and ·spiritual leader. Philippines, let us not forget, are in But authority and sectarianism re- Asia. "Self-determination" has be- stricted him. He felt that he could come a religion to half the world's not do what his soul craved because population, and incidents like this of the priestly reg u I a t ion s that show how small a thing may grow.into hemmed him in on all sides. So he a mighty torrent of protest and self- surrendered his ministerial orders and assertion. -Harold E. Fey, in "The became a "lay freeman." Christian Century." He joined the staff of Tagore's uni- INDIA-BURMA versity at Bolpur as a voluntary Bishop Fisher on C. F. Andrews worker. This is even yet the base THE man about whom I write is from which he does hi,s work. When more than a per,sonality. He has become an institution. His attractive there, he teaches, advises, serves, and life stands out against the Indian when away, he is always in touch by horizon like some tall temple tower, whose radiant light shines as a beacon, correspondence. I do not know what and whose lengthened ,shadow spreads a shade across toilers' huts. that "Abode of Peace" would ever have done without his gentle, guiding, serving spirit. He and Tagore are bosom f r i end s – David-Jonathan- twain personalities, strikingly inde- pendent, but one spirit.-Bishop Fred- erick B. Fisher, in "The Christian Ad- vocate."

"

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Youth League powerful. "Where Naidu is," said a Berlin newspaper, "there is India." Her B OMBAY has 26 Youth Leagues. poetry is epic now, for at the head of The object of the League is to bind together the youths of the Presi- Gandhi's disciples, she is an Indian -Literary Digest. Judith.

dency in the pursuit of common ideals, ! and in the service of the motherland, Appeal for £50,000 for Church of Inw to fight communism, and to work for dia. Burma, and Ceylon T the abolition of useless and embar- HE Archbishops of Canterbury and York have issued an appeal to rassing customs, promote swadeshi, study the causes of unemployment and the English Church for a dowry of encourage the study of international £50,000 for its daughter, the Church questions. At a recent dinner of the of India, Burma, and Ceylon. A ,sub- League, all the speakers stressed the stantial proportion of this large sum T'

need of abolishing every form of com- has already been promised. The munism. Church at home has a certain responsi- bility for the future of the Church in Gandhi's :tIantle Falls on a Wom.an India and should see that it is prop- MRS. SAROJINI NAIDU, Hindu erly equipped for its work of evan- poetess, emerges as leader of im- gelization. But the financial demands prisoned Mahatma Gandhi's National- made on the faithful in England are ist following' in the "civil-disobedi- far too heavy in these days of trade ence" movement. "An eloquent orator depression and increasing unemploy- and the only woman ever to be chosen ment for any complete response to be President of the Indian Nationalist possible. Money is urgently needed in Congress," begins a character sketch England for the building of new in the New York World from Arthur churches, for the training of ordi- E. Mann, who continues: nands, and for the schools. The S.

She is widely known in England, hav- P. G. fears the starving of its mis- ing been educated at Kings College, Lon- sionary activity for lack of funds. The don, and Girton College, Cambridge. Church Times suggests that, if the She became a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1924. She has published Church of India is the daughter of the three volumes of poetry in English, and EngJi.sh Church, it is also the younger has lectured in all the chief cities of sister of the Episcopal Church of India on social, educational, religious, America, and if a world-wide appeal and political questions. She is also well were made, there is every reason to known in New York as a lecturer. Some believe that American churchmen' years ago she defied her family and the Brahman caste laws by marrying an In- would be proud to supply part of her dian doctor who was not a Brahman. On her visits to England, Mrs. Naidu dowry.-Living Church.

was always regarded as a moderate, until 1919, when she came under Gandhi's JAPAN-KOREA influence. Unemployment Insurance in Japan She was born in the capital of the MR. KAGAWA'S convictions on un- native State of Hyderabad, and the employment insurance for Tokyo four children in the Naidu family have seem to have appealed to the nation, been sent to England to be educated. for a recent dispatch to the New York The Richmond News-Leader declares Times tells of both the house of peers that she would have to be included in and the lower house being much con- "any list of the half-dozen most inter- cerned over the situation nationally, esting women in the world, along with and willing to subsidize public works to the extent of 25 per cent of costs, Halide Edib, Jane Addams, and Ger- for the sake of giving employment. trude Baumer….. . At the same time, Kagawa extends his social insurance idea to the sick of Usually she dresses in the homespun Tokyo also. And, as a tribute of of the native looms, but when she travels she wears the rich apparel of her class. About her is something mysterious and

loyalty, the mayor passes in toto the so- Women at Coronation cial bureau's budget for the new fiscal THE outstanding event of the past year, adding 50,000 yen, unasked, for year in Japan was the public enstarting 11 new social settlements of thronement of the present emperor. which he knew Kagawa had been For the first time the empress sat with dreaming but for which he had not the emperor on the enthronement felt free to ask. thrones, and in connection with the public ceremonies in Tokyo members Seventy Years of Christianity in of the Young Women's as well as the Japan Young Men's Associations passed in AT A meeting in Tokyo the seven- review before the imperial family, this tieth anniversary of the coming being the first public appearance of of Christianity to Japan was recently young girls before their majesties.

observed. Some sixteen veterans, Jap- This recognition of womanhood is anese, English and American, who most signi,Jcant. Woman suffrage in had put in fifty years of work in Ja- Japan may be a lcng way off, but it is pan, were the recipients of suitable coming. The ChristianizatiQn of home gifts, the senior member being Mrs. life is being made easier. On behalf Agnes Gordon of the American Board, of the Christians throughout Japan who first went to Japan in 1872. the National Council presented to their Dr. William A. Axling of the Na- imperial majesties two sets of Bibles tional Christian Council in Japan, to especially bound for the occasion.

whom we are indebted for these facts, points out how 'fitting it was that prac- Sanatorium Recognized T tically the first meeting in the new HE Tuberculosis Sanatorium, South Mountain, Haiju, has been honored City Hall should be one to mark the seventieth anniversary of the coming by a generous grant from the Govern- .,"', again to Japan of what it is admitted ment Gene :al in recognition of its spe- by all alike to be one of the forces cial service rendered to Korea in the which have made a definite and valu- fight against tuberculosis. The Sana- able contribution to the national life, torium has had patients from every namely, the Christian religion. Province in Korea and from as far "It is hard to reaJize," he says, "as north as Siberia and Manchuria, and one looks on the Japanese Church to- there are patients from nearly every day, led by Japanese leaders, largely mission doing work in Korea. The 'financed by Japanese money, that it consulting staff of physicians for the .11·'

was only a matter of seventy years Sanatorium have been chosen from ago; yet it was two generations back various Protestant missions doing when such Christians as existed. had work in Korea who are interested in to conceal their beliefs, when notice anti-tubercular effort.-Korea Mission boards were to be seen on all hands Field.

forbidding the 'Evil Sect' and when many of those who dared to confess Aid Korea College Fund A their faith had to pay for their temer-GIFT of $50,000 from Mr. and ,(I , 1, Mrs. Henry Pfeiffer of New York, ity by imprisonment and other forms of official persecution. to the fund of $450,000 being raised "In this big meeting in Tokyo a few in America for new buildings and days ago, to mark the celebration of equipment for the Women's Christian "1 the coming again of Christianity, let- College at Seoul, Korea, has been an- II ters of congratulation were read from nounced. Mrs. Francis J. McConnell, the Minister of Education, the Gover- wife of Bishop McConnell, is chair- nor and Mayor of Tokyo and from man of the American Committee. The many others in high position."-Mis- college is conducted by the Woman's sionary Herald. Foreign Missionary Society of the

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Methodist Episcopal Church and asso- for some years in Angola. Restric- ciated mission agencies. The project tions, however, were added which was started several years ago through would make missionary work almost the purchase of a fifty-acre tract of impossible. These the missions held land west of Seoul. to be a direct infringement of the re- ligious freedom secured by the treaty AFRICA of 1891 between Great Britain and Spiritual Blessing in the Congo Portugal.

THE REV. JOHN M. SPRINGER, The British missionary societies ad- of the Congo Mission of the Meth- dressed a letter to the Secretary of odist Episcopal Church writes: State for Foreign Affairs drawing at- tention to this infringement of t"eaty I am having a glorious time here now. rights. The British Minister at Lis- I have had the native teachers here and bon was instructed to make represen- we had a hearl-searching time. The Spirit of the living Christ began to work tations to the Portuguese Government. and is still working in the hearts of the Representatives of the missionary so- people. I like the idea of meeting the cieties met a representative of the Gov- natives where we can confidentially open ernment in Lourenco Marques in the our hearls one to the other and help each other. I have never been as near to the end of January, and a circular giving native heart as I have these past few months. I think sometimes the native an official interpretation .of the decrees confesses Christ but he does not give his was issued to administrators in the .I heart to Him. He is not able to conquer territory. The circular has relieved sin or lead a victorious life because there the situation to some extent by per- is sin down in his heart. In these con- mitting the printing and use of the ferences with the teachers, I feel that Bible, hymn books and other books for many of them are getting a new start. religious worship in the vernacular, In Elisabethville, Brother John Brast- rup and the Longfields have for weeks but some serious difficulties still re- been having special meetings for prayer main in regard to teaching adults to read the vernacular Bible and in re- and revival. The church was filled night gard to the employment of catechists after night and over 300 came to the altar. We were down there two or three nights and on Palm Sunday and realized who have not passed a certain stand- that they could not get into the new ard of education in Portugue~e-a church too soon as it was utterly impos- standard which is still beyond the sible at times for the people to get inside reach of large numbers of mature and the old church and a crowd stood at the doors and windows trying to listen. The trustworthy Christians. The mission- crowd that came for the six o'clock ary societies are still awaiting an an- Easter morning service was twice the swer to the representations made in capacity of the auditorium. Lisbon.

On the Likasi Circuit, there has been a steady program of holding special In Northern Nigeria, the position meetings at various points and there has remains little changed since the COll- been a continual enrollment of those who ference with the Governor in 1927. A have come forward to follow Christ. conference of the missionaries held in Since the conference nine months ago, Miango, in November, 1929, drew at- 500 have been received.

tention to the restrictions which ham- Restrictions in East Africa and per missionary activity in this area, Nigeria. and fresh representations have been I N AUGUST, 1929, two decrees were made to the Governor. issued in Portuguese East Africa which caused missionary societies seri- Negro Missionaries in Africa T ous concern. These decrees introduced WO young colored missionaries re- cently sent from Philadelphia to into East Africa the regulations re- garding schools, the use of the vernac- the Presbyterian mission in West Af- ular, qualifications of teachers and the riea, the Rev. and Mrs. 1. W. Under- employment of evangelists, preachers, hill, write that the people whom they etc., which have been found irksome meet are much interested in the fact

that the newcomers are colored. One NORTH AMERICA chief called a greeting from his gar- Hospital Evangelism I den on seeing them passing through T IS in our hospitals that many for the first time, and others for the his village: "Mbolo, my brother from across the last time, hear from the lips of symseas, they tell me you are black people, pathetic and consecrated men and but you do not look like it! Are you women the sweetest story ever told. really?" Mothers' prayers for sons and daugh- "Yes indeed," Mr. Underhill an- ters again and again have been answered. swered, and Bible verses stored in "Well, then," continued the chief, youth in memory's treasure chambers eager to hear more, "what tribe are after thirty and fifty years bestir the you?" intellect and demand consideration, re- Mr. Underhill said he did not know, pentance and self-surrender. A nurse so far as human tribes are concerned. in charge of a tuberculosis ward re- "What!" the chief exclaimed. fused admission to the little band of "Didn't they write your tribe down in Christian workers. In course of time a book?" He was much perturbed even after she was replaced by another nurse who cordially welcomed them. At the first Mr. Underhill explained that it was service, a message based on John 3: many generaUons ago that the slaves 14-16 prompted 14 out of 25 patients went to America, and that they were to request intercessory prayers. purposely separated as to tribes and In another ward of eighteen paeven families, so that the children did tients, six stated that they were benot know their original family or tribe. lievers in Christ and five of them said '" . "But," the missionary went on, "I that they were converted since their do know what spiritual tribe I belong admission to the hospital. When in to, and you can belong to it too if you an erysipelas ward no one accepted the want to. I belong to the tribe of God, invitation of the evangelist, the nurse and Jesus is my King." in charge set the example. She spoke Before they separated the chief, who to one of her charges and then both had announced that he had many raised their hands. Immediately in wives and hated Christians, promised different parts of the ward other hands that he would go to the services until were raised. Another day, a Chinese he found out more about the King of was one of four who raised their hands the tribes of God. when a returned missionary from Native Doctor 'for Natal China spoke to him in his own lan- guage, concerning Him, who was T HE first Zulu medical doctor to be wounded for our transgressions and qualified in 30 years, Innes Ballan- bruised for our iniquities, and is no tine Gumede, has returned to Natal respector of persons.

from England to work among his "Please do not fail to vi·sit my pacountrymen. He holds a unique posi- tients. They need your message of j 'f" tion among the natives of Natal and hope and cheer," said a nurse to the Zululand, who have not produced a leader of a little band of Christian t' I doctor since Dr. Nembula died over workers in the corridor of a well- 30 years ago. Dr. Gumede proceeded known New York hospital.-By Ernest to England from the South African A. Eggers, Hospital Evangelist, New Native College at Fort Hare, passing York. ,~, the qualifying examination for admission into medical classes in Europe Some Facts on Negro Life ',' :jI O and Great Britain. Natal natives are F THE estimated population of 117,000,000 in the United States proud of their doctor, and gave him enthusiastic welcome.-South African today about 12,000,000, or approxi- Outlook. mately one-tenth, are Negroes.

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

-), Eighty-five per cent of the Negro of the mite boxes to which the children population of the nation is in the contributed during the Lenten season.

southern states, and sixty-six per cent It is an increase of nearly $500 over is rural. the amount raised last year.

In 1926 American Negroes operated A procession of 1,400 children wear- 1,000,000 farms; conducted 70,000 ing vestments of scarlet, gray, blue business enterprises; and had $2,000,- and white, iron gray or black and 000,000 in accumulated wealth. white, singing as they marched, passed About twenty-three per cent of the down the centre aisle of the cathedral.

Negro population is illiterate as com- Behind them came fifty members of pared with four per cent of the white the clergy in vestments of red and population. Negroes have made re- white. In the congregation were 1,600 markable progress in this respect, other children.-New York Times, however, dropping from ninety per cent illiteracy to twenty-three per cent La.ymen's Missionary Movement T in the sixty-five year,s since emancipa-HE International Committee of the Laymen's Missionary Movement tion. For the United States as a whole met in Chicago June 18th to review the expenditure per capita for Negro its work during the past year and to schools averages less than 'one-fourth determine its program for the year of that for .white schools. Here the ahead. Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, ," figures range from $23 in Maryland Secretary of the Methodist Episcopal to $4 and $5 in extreme southern states Board of Foreign Missions, was the as contrasted with a national average guest of honor. President John C.

'/ of $75 for white rural children and Acheson of St. Paul, Minn., Chairman $129 for white urban children. of the Executive Committee, and In 1916 there were only forty-four former Vice Moderator of the Pres- high schools f.or Negroes in the whole byterian General Assembly, presided.

country. By 1925-26 there were 209 The report points out that the Lay- accredited four-year high schools for men's Mis,sionary Movement creates Negro youth in the fourteen southern among laymen a consciousness of their states, and 592 two to four year non- personal relation to and responsibility accredited high schools. Notwithstand- for the world mission of Christianity.

this progress there are still 281 The exi,stence of so many women's counties in these states without any missionary organizations among all colored high school either public or communions and denominations great- -' private. ly accentuates the need for a mission- The people of New Orleans have ary movement among men. It is completed successfully a campaign for gratifying to learn that the laymen $250,000 to guarantee the erection of who have been identified with this a $2,000,000 Negro university, health movement during the past twenty center and hospital. The white people years or more did not find themselves 1/ pledged $210,000 and the Negroes called upon to effect a new organiza- $117,000, the quota being oversub- tion, but adapted their program so ad- 'I. scribed by more than $70,000. mirably to the present situation that it has been enthusiastically received Children Donate to Missions by both ministers and laymen in every MORE than 3,000 children from 150 section of the United States. Sunday-schools in the Protestant The report reviews the present mis- Episcopal Di,ocese of New York partici- sionary situati'on, faces the difficulties, pated in a pageant at the Cathedral of outlines its task, re~ommends reme- St. John the Divine at which they pre- dies for overcoming the present prob- sented $40,896.58 for the support of lems, and shows how effectively the the missions at home and abroad. Movement has functioned during the The offering represents the contents past year.

Salvation A·rmy Jubilee Northern Baptists introduced a res- T HE Salvation Army celebrated it,s olution declaring that a nation-wide fiftieth anniversary May 16-23. educational campaign against liquor The occasion was characterized by was necessary, with indications that many meetings in various lands and such a campaign would be held. The with extraordinary demonstrations of report called for a determined stand enthusiasm on the part of Salvation against liquor and the observance of Army workers, and of strong commen- all laws. dation by many public men, and by Christian workers of various denomi- Coincident with the meeting of the nations. Convention was held the National Mrs. Herber Hoover declared that Oouncil of Northern Baptist Laymen. -The P't1esbyterian Advance.

the work of the Salvation Army is "of inestimable value to humanity" in a School for Rural Missionaries A greeting to Miss Evangeline Booth, T THE request of the Internation- al Missionary Council and varithe Commander-in-Chief. In sending this congratulation Mrs. Hoover fol- ous foreign mission boards, the New lowed the example of her husband. York State College of Agriculture at President Hoover, in a message read Ithaca conducted for one month a at the opening of the anniversary, con- school, primarily intended for mis- gratulated the organization on the sionaries of rural interests now on completion, in the United States, of furlough. Twenty missionaries reg- "fifty years of service to God and istered, coming from the Belgian Con- man."-New York Times. go, South Africa, Central and South India, Japan, North and West China.

Northern Baptist Meeting in Cleve- Although the school was an experi- land ment and nearly all the fifteen lectur- DR. ALBERT W. BEAVEN, Presi- ers were ignorant of the needs of rural dent of Colgate-Rochester Divin- missionaries abroad all who attended ity School, Rochester, N. Y., was testified to the value of the school.

elected President of the Northern The missionary students were sup- Baptist Convention which opened its plied with whatever bulletins ~re sessions in Cleveland, Ohio, May 28. wanted from the rich store of the He succeeded Dr. Alton L. Miller of university mailing room, and each spe- Boston, who in his presidential addres·s cial lecturer was not only generous warned the delegates that the forces with printed material regarding his 1 of atheism are a menace challenging subject, but encouraged the reference the Protestant denominations of the of problems to him in the future.- Missionary Herald. world.

He was followed by President Clarence A. Barbour, head of Brown Uni- WESTERN ASIA versity, who cautioned the delegates Turkey Proceeds Against American not to reject anything because it was Movies A new. READER sends us a translation Kansas City, Missouri, was selected of a notice appearing in a Turk- as the 1931 convention city. ish newspaper, MiUiyet (the Repub- An important feature of the second lic), of Stamboul. In this notice the day was a report on prohibition and Government authorizes announcement law enforcement, which was followed that "the National Association for the on Saturday with a keenly anticipated Protection of Children is preparing address by Mrs. Mabel Walker Wilde- two laws to submit to the grand as- brandt, former Assistant United sembly this year: 1. No child below States Attorney General. the age of 18 shall be allowed to buy In connection with prohibition the liquor or cigarettes; 2. No child be-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

-J low the age .of 15 shall be allowed to Religious Freedom in Egypt C attend cinemas." Laws thus intro- ONSIDERABLE attention has been given in recent months by duced under Government auspices are assured of enactment. In another part the missionary forces in Egypt to the of the ·same paper it is made clear that question of freedom of conversion the proposed regulations against the from Islam to Christianity. The mat- attendance of children at the movies ter is not academic, for in two test are a result of the Government's de- cases freedom for an unmarried Mos- termination to protect young Turks lem woman to embrace Christianity against what it considers the demor- has been denied by the courts. In one alizing effects of American-made films. of these cases the woman was actually The -situation is worth pondering. A a baptized member of the Evangelical nation that has been popularly identi- community in Egypt. The issue re- fied with anything but a puritanical solves itself into a clash between the code of manners-however unjust that Constitutional provision of absolute notion may have been-taking steps liberty of conscience and the Sharia to guard its children against the moral Law of Personal Status. It does not ravages of the moving pictures ex- appear that any bridge to the former ported from the missionary-sending from the latter has been devised. nation of America! The "infidel" Advantage was taken of the pres- aroused to protect his children's mor- .r als against the product of the "Chris- ence of the Egyptian Delegation in England to raise the question in in- tian" !-Christian Century. formal negotiation with them. It Syria as a RepubHc would perhaps be unwise to nourish too high hopes of success in view of A NEW constitution for Syria has been announced at Paris and pro- the fact that any public proclamation which would be satisfactory to Chris- claimed in the Syrian territory over tians would almost certainly arouse a t which French mandatory powers ex- tend. Under this constitution Syria strong orthodox Mo-slem protest which the Egyptian Government might fear will be a republic with a legislative as·sembly upon which will devolve as to meet. At the same time the issue is one of fundamental importance, not one of its first acts the choice of a only for Egypt but for other Islamic president. An independent statehood and a republican form of government countries, and there can be no ques- tion that a steady pressure must be have been Syrian aspirations ever since the country passed from the con- maintained until the desired end is reached.-Bulletin of The Internation- trol of the Turkish Sultans. The con- al Missionary Council. stitution comes as the limit of the concessions which France can make; Missionary Cooperation in Persia it does not embody three Syrian de- mands-the power of the Syrian Pres- THE REV. GEORGE H. TRULL, ident to proclaim martial law, to grant one of the Secretaries of the Pres- pardons and to appoint diplomatic rep- byterian Board of Foreign Missions, resentatives to foreign powers. Such writes regarding his recent visit to authority, France holds, is not in ac- Persia: cord with rights existing in a land "I was most favorably impres-sed under a mandate. It recognizes Syria with the fine spirit of cooperation be- as an independent State, it will recog- tween our missionaries and those of nize it as a republic as soon as the the Church Missionary Society of Syrian electors have chosen an assem- England. Mr. J. D. Payne, our Mis- l' bly and a chief executive, and it grants sion Trea·surer, at the request of the to the president the right to adjourn C. M. S. missionaries, makes arrange- and dissolve Parliament under speci- ments for all their travel to the home- fied conditions.-New York Sun. land. Evidently one treasurer might

serve bQth MissiQns. One TheolQgical Independent Methodist Church in Seminary and Bible Training SchQQI is nQW quite PQssible fQr the two. Mis- Mexico siQns. Nurses trained in 'Our Tabriz HQspital are nQW in Isfahan. A visit PLANS fQr the QrganizatiQn 'Of the to. Isfahan to. see BishQP Lint'On and Meth'Odist Church 'Of Mexico. by the the C. M. S. wQrk was most worth uniting ·Qf the churches nQW in the while. The bishQP is in favQr 'Of just Mexico. Annual CQnference 'Of the 'One Evangelical Church in Persia, as MethQdi·st Episc'Opal Church, and in are the Presbyterian missiQnaries. the Mexico. Annual CQnference 'Of the Plans fQr effecting this have been MethQdist EpiscQpal Church, SQuth, drawn up and are under cQnsideratiQn. were apprQved by the General CQn- In the last analysis, the Persian Chris- ference 'Of the MethQdist EpiscQpal tians shQuld be the 'Ones to. determine Church, SQuth. This brings into. its what form 'Of church gQvernment they final stage the desire 'Of the missiQnwill adQpt. The fine Christian attitude aries and natiQnals 'Of the two. branches taken at present bQth by the C. M. S. 'Of MethQdism in Mexico. to. unite into. and 'Our 'Own missiQnaries in relatiQn 'One Church. Since 1919 they have to' the matter, makes me hQpeful that been wQrking in separate fields, hQldin Persia in the near future we may ing separate cQnferences, and cQnductfind a fQrm 'Of gQvernment adQpted by ing separate institutiQns. The Genthe Evangelical Church which will eral CQnference 'Of the MethQdist cQmbine the best features 'Of EpisCQ~ EpiscQpal Church, meeting in Kansas pacy and Presbyterianism." City in 1928, authQrized its Mexic'O Annual CQnference to. unite with the LATIN AMERICA Mexico. Annual CQnference 'Of the Church, SQuth, prQvided the latter Unique Way to Reduce bQdy tQQk similar actiQn. Thi·s was the actiQn taken in Dallas in May. SLENDERIZING diets, when intrQ- CQmmissiQns are "authQrized to. fQrm- duced in Rio. de Janeiro. by the Y. ulate a basis 'Of uniQn, to. call an au- W. C. A. 'Of Brazil, puzzled the YQuth- tQnQmQus cQnference in Mexico., and to ful members 'Of the health educatiQn perfQrm such 'Other acts as may be clas·ses. "Shall we eat this diet befQre necessary in the QrganizatiQn 'Of the 'Or after meals?" was the questiQn 'Of MethQdist Church 'Of MexicQ." The 'One enthusiast. The use 'Of diet 'Or jQint cQmmissiQn is instructed also. "to exercise to. accQmplish results is fas- pl"Qvide fQr cQntinued 'Organic relacinating as well as new to. them. The tiQnship 'Of the present cQnferences Health DirectQr, Miss Helen PaulisQn, with the MethQdist EpiscQpal Church who. went to. Rio. de J arieirQ in 1927 and the MethQdist EpiscQpal Church, from the State Teachers' CQllege fac- SQuth, respectively." ulty in Kirksville, Miss'Ouri, had charge 'Of the recreatiQn at the first Brazil Sunday School Union girls' camp. When the camp was 'Opened three years ago. by the Y. W. T HE Brazil Sunday SchQQI UniQn C. A., it was difficult to. cQnvince par- has develQped a standard training ents that QutdQQr life was healthful CQurse which cQmprises twelve units fQr their daughters. The camp is nQW 'Of ten class peri'Ods-a Qne-hundred- PQPular with parents as well as girls. twenty-peri'Od CQurse. The UniQn's great prQblem nQW is to. prQvide the The Y. W. C. A. theQries 'Of health textbQQks needed fQr many 'Of these and cQrrective exercises were in such CQurses, but as the different missiQn demand that much 'Of Miss PaulisQn's bQards have begun to. make apprQpriatime was spent in a training course tiQns fQr the develQpment 'Of literature, f.Qr teachers and an advanced CQurse it is hQped that preparatiQn 'Of these fQr girls in training at Bennett CQI- texts may nQW go. fQrward withQut lege. i n t e r r u p t i 'On.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Some Living Issues. By Robert E. Speer. today. Then follow chapters applying 280 pp. $2.50. Revell. New York. the principles of Christ to such prac- President Angell, of Yale Univer- tical questions of life as tolerance and sity, at the recent commencement, said its limits, prayer, marriage and di- that "the period in which we are liv- vorce, equality of women in the church, ing may well come to be known in re- education, and missions. The final ligious history as the 'age of unbe- chapter is the substance of the great lief' …… Hardly a week goes by that sermon on "Returning to Jesus," some new book does not appear attack- which Dr. Speer preached as Moderator ing one or another of the strongholds of the Presbyterian General Assembly of religious faith, while the popular on his return from the Jerusalem Con- magazines are flooded with articles of ference in 1928, a chapter which fit- like charact~r. Even college profes- tingly closes a noble contribution to .,f sors vie with itinerant lecturers and the religious literature of this gen- casual essayists in the chorus of athe- eration. istic propaganda."

Several books have been reviewed in The History of Protestant Missions in Xo- these columns that ably deal with this rea. By L. George Paik, Ph.D. 438 pp. situation. Most of them, however, $2.50. Christian Literature Society.

valuable as they are, are not likely to Seoul. 1929.

be read by many young people. Dr. The story of Christian missions in Speer's volume will doubtless secure Korea is one of the most inspiring wider popular hearing. He has prob- stories in the history of Foreign Mis- ably addressed more college students sions. It has been told in several books than any other Christian leader of this by missionaries and board secretaries, generation. He knows the youth's and now it has been told by a native mind and how to approach it. He dis- Korean who, after studying in the cusses vital religious questions in such mission schools in Korea, came to a clear and readable way that his book America and completed his studies at should be placed in the hands of tens Park College, Princeton University of thousands of young men and wom- and Princeton Theological Seminary.

en, as well as laymen who do not or- Afterwards he took post graduate dinarily read religious books. In these work at the University of Pennsylva- days of confused voices, when minds, nia and Yale University, the latter in- I: particularly among students, are be- stitution giving him the degree of wildered by doubts, a book like this is Doctor of Philosophy. He is now a 1' of inestimable value. Dr. Speer writes, professor in the Chosen Christian Col- not controversially but in catholic spir- lege, Seoul. Dr. K. S. Latourette, it, and the assured faith of one who Professor of Missions in the Yale can say with St. Paul: "I know Him School of Religion, highly commends whom I have believed." the book in a foreword. While the Seven chapters present the major volume is rather detailed for general truths about Christ-His deity, virgin reading, we concur in the judgment I" birth, crucifixion, resurrection, Lord- of Dr. D. J. Fleming, Professor of ship, and His place in the world of Missions in Union Theological Sem- 637

inary, New York, that "it ought to books, and brought together in one be in every missionary library and all corrected narrative the important in- board secretaries should have it." Or- cidents connected with the develop- ders sent to THE REVIEW will be for- ment of the missionary spirit and warded to the publishers' in Korea. activities of all the evangelical churches of that day. Beginning with Korea Calls. By Lois Hawks Swinehart. brief sketches of John Eliot and Da- 160 pp. $1.25. Revell. New York. vid Brainard, out of which grew the Mrs. Swinehart has given an inter- Society for the Propagation of the esting and instructive depiction of the Gospel in New England, and by which education, charming penonality, and William Carey and Henry Martyn sterling Christian character of an were inspired to enter on their mis- American girl who, following her vi- sionary careers, the author proceeds sion, became a missionary in a far to describe the rise of the great Methaway land in spite of the strenuous odist Home Missions Movement under objections of an aunt whose intention the leadership of Bishop Asbury, was to make her a queen among the whose personal record was the preachyounger set of an American City. The ing of 16,000 sermons, ordaining more author's story of Frances Holt's let- than 4,000 preachers, and traveling ters to her father, describing the pic- by horseback and carriage 270,000 turesque costumes, moods of life, miles. strange language and customs of Ko- It was, however, as our author reans, the beautiful landscape of Ko- points out, hyper-Calvinists (they rea, her unexpected fall into a "tiger called themselves "Consistent Calvindrive" on her initial journey and her ists") of the Edwardeon and Hopkinlucky escape are highly entertaining. sian type who took the lead in pro- The author points out, too, that the moting missions to foreign lands. service of carrying Christian faith, Both Samuel Mills of the Haystack hope, and love to oppressed, broken- prayermeeting and Adoniram Judson hearted, and benighted humanity were disciples of Samuel Hopkins, who throughout the world is the noblest held the view that "one must be willhuman endeavor and that it therefore ing, nay, even anxious to spend his requires the best type of men and eternity in hell if it should chance to women as missionaries. please God to send him there"! The book is written in lucid style and the story is facinating, even Readers of all denominations will though it is a disappointment to the find sketches of the beginning of the Korean on account of its revelation of missionary work of their several some of the worst and not at all of the churches, which are not brought tobest side of the social, religious, and gether in any other one book in such intellectual life of the Korean. a compact and interesting way. The whole story is made readable by a PEONG K. YOON. genial vein of humor, and the author's The Rise of the Missionary Spirit in Amer- comments are characterized by com- ica,1790-1815. By Oliver Wendell Ells- mon sense and a commendable breadth bree, Ph.D. 145 pp. Cloth, $2.00; of view. S. H. CHESTER.

Paper, $1.00. Williamsport Printing Co. The Present and Future of Religion. By This is a valuable contribution to C. E. M. Joad. 310 pp. $2. Macmillan. current mIssIOnary literature, al- New York.

though it contains little that is not This book is an example of the as- familiar to the student of missions. saults upon the churches. The author, The author has searched through al- a graduate of Oxford University and most innumerable periodicals, pamph- a lecturer on philosophy, says that his lets and sermons of the period, and "interest is that neither of a believer about two hundred contemporary nor of a sceptic but of an absorbed

BOOKS WORTH READING

spectator." But he reports with gusto pen and brush, as well as by her per- all the adverse statistics he has been sonality and prayer, extended in ever- able to get hold of, magnifies the de- widening circles throughout the Near fects of the churches, ignores most of East. Artist, writer and mystic, she their virtues, and minimizes what he found her ,theme and inspiration in cannot ignore. His book deals pri- work among the lowly, first in the marily with the Church of England, City of Algiers and then on long itiner- but he includes references to other ating journeys to the borders of the churches in both Great Britain and Sahara. No missionary in modern America. One of the many samples times has prepared more effective lit- of the judgment of this philosophic erature for the Moslem heart; and "spectator" is his statement on pp. 16, she was the pioneer in attempts to 17 that "far more people believe that make Christian literature in Arabic the Bible is inspired than that the first artistically attractive. The record of chapter of Genesis is historical. The her life here given happily consists inference seems to be that many peo- largely of extracts from her own jour- ple who regard the Bible as God's book nals and letters. There is scarcely any consider that He has wilfully deceived attempt at interpretation. One who His readers in the first chapter." knew her intimately sums up the se- When a writer makes a statement like cret of her life in these words: that, we wonder whether we should "Her wide outlook and vision, and vindicate his intelligence at the ex- her touch with world mission prob- pense of his sincerity or his sincerity lems, went hand in hand with a grasp at the expense of his intelligence. of detail which amazed, as did her memory. Her methodical files and The Epistles of Paul the Apostle to the folios and her unfailing attention to Thessalonians. By C. F. Hogg and W. business and to letters were all the E. Vine. 307 pp. $1.60. Pickering and more remarkable in one who had such Inglis. London. great artistic and literary gifts. Miss Trotter has always seemed to me, in A conservative, exegetical, practical, these nearly twenty years of working missionary commentary on the earliest under her, like a knight with a pure of Paul's epistles. It gives the mean- white banner floating on high, and ing of the text with references to all never for an instant lowered, a knight parallel passages. The authors write never off duty." S. M. ZWEMER. in a sane and scholarly way and their work was highly commended by the late W. H. Griffith Thomas. Unfor- Romance Road: Life and Work in North- tunately even this second edition has ern Africa. By Georgiana Barbara four pages of typographical correc- Such. 215 pp. $2.00. Revell. New York. tions. S. M. ZWEMER. An .engrossing narrative of travel Lilias Trotter. By Blanche A. F. Pigott. in Morocco and Algiers with brief ex- 245 pp. $2.50. Marshall, Morgan & cursions in Kabylia and Tunisia. The Scott. London. writer loves the Arabs and Kabyles The large circle of friends who have and has spent many days with them seen the clear flame of this candle in on the road and in their villages.

North Africa owe a great debt to Miss "Their condition is pitiful, their needs Ij Pigott, who was Miss Trotter's com- appalling, their poverty tragic, but I rade for half a century and who their hearts are clean and their souls Ii through months of weakness has com- worthy of our love." There are pen piled this memorial of a deathless life. sketches of Casablanca, the new Miss Trotter was born in 1853 and French capital with its mushroom died in 1928. The greater part of her growth, of Algiers in its romantic life was spent in Algiers where she beauty, of the dancing women of the founded the Algier's Mission Band, nomads, and of the wild weird per- but the influence she exerted by her formances of the dervishes. One

misses the background of those who about Russia-clear, comprehensive, know Islam as the dominant religion, up-to-date and judiciously fair. Have- and no direct mention is made of es- lock Ellis calls it "the most competent tablished missions, but the author is and best balanced book on Russia."

sympathetic in outlook although very "I've learned more from it than I have limited in her knowledge of Arabic. from any other book I've read for The illustrations are beautiful, but the years," says H. G. Wells. John Dewey picture of a possible jihad given in writes an introduction in which he the last chapter is fanciful. There is declares that "to read these pages with no map and no index. sympathy is to travel the road of a S. M. ZWEMER. liberal education. He has risen above the trammels of partisanship and Immanuel Hymnal. 600 pp. The Mac- achieved a depiction as objective, as millan Co. New York. 1929. impartial, as it is moving and varied."

In this collection of about six hun- The book shows that what is taking dred church hymns, with music and place is not a mere surface change, a responsive Scripture readings, the dis- realignment of existing institutions, tinctive features are the complete ab- but a veritable uprooting of humanity. sence of hymns having a Unitarian "Russia has plucked up the old world tinge or of obscure spiritual meaning, by its very roots, and the party in the introduction of much new music power is glad to see these roots wilt of a high order (one fifth of the tunes and turn to dust …… She wants a being new), and the excellent arrange- society without religion, with sex freement of the Scripture readings under dom, with external compulsions reheadings which suggest the Scriptural moved from family and love, with themes. There is also an admirable mental and manual workers reduced series of indexes, alphabetical, metri- to a plane of equality, with the indical and subject, first lines and tunes. vidual depending for his salvation not The collection represents a winnow- on himself but the group. A whole ing from the best great hymns of the generation is being vigorously reared Church of the past, with important in the belief that religion is a monnew material and the rediscovery of strous unreality, that the accumulasome of the best devotional melodies tion of material substance is the from the hymnology of Germany and grossest of wrongs, and that the man othpr lands. This hymnal will con- in its pursuit, especially the business tribute in marked degree to intelli- man, is the slimiest creature on earth." gent, spiritual worship. These are not the words of a man H. R. MONRO. who has depended on second hand in- formation. He was born in Russia, lived there till the age of fourteen Humanity Uprooted. By Maurice Hindus. when he came to America, and in 1923 369 pp. $3.50. Jonathan Cape and went back to Russia, and since then Harrison Smith. New York. has visited Russia almost annually, roaming at leisure in Siberia, the Cau- Everywhere people are thinking about Russia. There is an impression casus, the Volga region, the Ukrains, that something unprecedented is tak- the Crimea and the far North, his ing place, but there is a suspicion that Russian birth and knowledge of the some of the reports are Soviet propa- language opening to him sources of ganda and that others are the exag- information that were closed to others.

gerated charges of hostile critics. Just No one who wants to know the real what and why is the Russian type of truth about Soviet Russia can afford Communism? What is it doing? What to miss this authentic and graphic ac- are its merits and demerits? This count of an upheaval among 150,000,- book answers these and related ques- 000 people, which may have a porten- tions. It is preeminently the book tous effect upon the world.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1929

BUILDINGS. TEACHERS AND GRADUATING

Help Reveal Christ to Moslems Christ and His Message are interpreted to Moslems through Christian Literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems. By your prayers and gifts you can help to supply this much needed Christian literature for Egypt Syria Irak China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa Will you help the Christian missionaries in these countries by sending your gifts through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees on the field?

BOARD OF DIRECTORS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson. of New York, Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.O., Cairo, Honorary Field Secretary Dr. William B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan Dr. John H. Raven Mrs. William Borden Mrs. James M. Montgomery, Sec. Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Dr. James Cantine Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Mr. Fennell P. Turner Send your contributions to The Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New York City.

Apply for information and literature to The Secretary, Mrs. J. M. Montgomery, c/o the Moslem World, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

MISSIONARY COOPERATION (c) The development of African leader- ship. IN AFRICA (d) Meeting the needs of rural commun- A conference of representatives of the ities. American Mission Boards having work in Africa, was held July 7th to 9th at and In connection with this the study of the Hotel Gramatan in Bronxville, New educational policy of governments and oDr r the York, to discuss with the representatives rf'lation between the educational policy misfrom Great Britain and the Continental siolls and thnt of governments. Mission Boards, the possibility of de- 3. The development of a health program for veloping a larger degree of missionary Afri('ull missions with special reference to— cooperation in the African continent. The conference was attended by forty- (n) A comprehensive program for use in four people, eight representing Great schools. Brita.in and four from missionary societies on the continent and the discus- (b) Cooperation with governments in atsions were directed toward a discovery tack on disease. of lines of missionary endeavor which ought to be most earnestly pushed dur- (c) The creation of an African health ing the next five years and which would staff of doctors, medical assistants, prove most fruitful if carried out co- dressers and nurses. operatively. A program .based .upon these discussions was later adopted by 4, Furtherance of tbe work of the Christian the International Missionary Council at Li te-ra ture Committee for Africa. Williamstown as follows: 5. Cooperation with other agencies in the 1. Exploration of the best means of further- t'ndeavor to understand, conserve and develop ing and realizing the evangelistic alms of the what is valuable in African cultures and in~ Christian missions in Africa. stitutions.

2. The development of a program of Chris- 6. 'I'he occupation of the field and the avoidtian education in Africa as a means of realiZ- ance of overlapoping. ing this missionary purpose, with special reference t~ 7. rrhe encouragement and development of Christian Councils in the Continent of Africa (a) 'I'he improvement of religious educa- and the cooperation with existing Councils. tion, 8. approach to governments where neces- (b) 'Jlhe Christianization of Africa's wom- sary, in regard to questions involving the rela- anhood and home life. tions of missions and governments.

9. 'I'he bringing to bear of Christian in- fluence for the establishment of right racial relations, and cooperation for this purpose with the proposed Industrial Institute.

10. Prayer for the raiSing up of men and wonll'l1 {If outstanding Jit'ifts for positions of (,llristinn l{}udtlrship in Africa and support for efforts in di1ferent countries to secure for African missionaries the best possible equip- men t for their tusk.

Please mention 'l'IIJil MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VORLD in writing to auvertisers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS September, 1929 Page FRONTISPIECE-A Korean Christian Faculty and Students.

DOES JAPAN DESIRE MISSIONARIES? .. , .. ,"',.,',." .. , .. , .•…. ,DANJO EBINA 661 The PreBfdent oj Doahisha Uni1icrs1tlf gires the Japanese 'viewpoint of the missionarY Mtu6tion·.

THE WILLIAMSTOWN MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCII, .•..••……..•.••..•.•…..•…•.••…••.•••••.••.••••••..•••• ESTHER S'l'RONG 665 The story 01 the important m et'ting 01 the Committee oj the I. M. C. a,na 1ts meaning Jor 'World-wide evangelism.

THE CHURCH AND POVERTY IN CHOSEN •…..•………•….•….. L. T, NEWLAND 669 The rela·tion of the economic situation among the KOrl'UnB U8 1t ajJects the progresR oJ Christianity and sclJ-ffupport in tlte Christian Ohurch.

A ROMANCE OF MISSIONS IN JAPAN …………•………….. , .. HElmy LOOMIS 673 The story 01 carlll missionary da.ys in the Sunrise Kinudom and sonie remarkable 'Ways in which the Gospel gain-ed a foothold.

ROBERT P. MACKAY-A SAINTLY SECRETARy ……. , ………. A. E. ARMSTRONG 676 A brief sketch and apprecia.tion of the secrrtcwy of the Formon Mission Board of the Presbyterian Ohurch of Canada.

A FIVE YEAR CAMPAIGN IN CHINA .. " …. , … , .. , .. "……………………. 681 The proposed program 01 the China Ohri8tia.n Oouncil to win 500~OOO Chinese to Christ in the next five years.

ENCOURAGEMEN'l'S IN JAPAN ……….• , ………………. , … PAUL VAN DYKE 684 A NEW THING IN HOME MISSIONS ,., …… , ……..•…….•..• WILLIAM R. KIIw 685 The program for acn admmce 1Jwvement ill. home missions told by the secretary of the H01'Ile Missions Council.

A CONTRAST IN CO:s'DITIONS IN CHINA .. , …. " . ' , " , ' , . " . " GEORGE A, HUNTLEY 689 The rema'rkabTe record 0/ cha,nueB in a. century and' a QU(Jrtcr of Christian missions in Ohina.

INDIA AND ITS FUTURE ., .. , .. , …… ' , " , " ' , " , . " .. " , . , ' ,E. STANLEY JONES 697 DR. JAMES L. BARTON AND THE NEAR EAST RELIEF …..•.• DOROTHY P. CUSHING 699 TOPICS OF THE TIMES ",., .. "."""."",."."" .. """,.""",."""". 703 lIIETHODS FOR WORKERS …………. , ' , " " " , . , " EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 70~ WO~{AN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN, , . "" ,. , , ,. , , ,EDITED BY FORE/WE E. QUINr,AN 711 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ….. , ……. , .. , .EDITED BY AMY G. LEWIS 714 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK.,., …….. , … ", …… ,. , .. "." …… , … ,.". 717 BOOKS WORTH READING …………… " .. " ..

TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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ROBERT E. SPEER, PreB/dent WM. I. CHAMBIIlRLAIN, Vice-PreB/dent DELA.VAN L. PIERSON, fJeorettllT'Y PulYUcation Office, 3d & Reily St8" Harrisburg, WALTER McDouGAJ.. r.. , Trea.aurer Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Office, 1~6 Fifth Avenue. New York City Entered a. second·cIa.s matter at the Post OfHce. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3. 1879. OBITUARY MARY ANABLE CHAMBERLAIN, the be- 1_· loved wife of Rev. William 1. Chamberlain, Ph.D., Secretary of the Board of LET YOUR GIFT Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America, died at Saranac Lake to Foreign Missions on July 25th after a prolonged i11ness. Mrs. Chamberlain was, for some years, PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME a missionary with her husband in India where a daughter is now laboring. You can make a generous gift to foreign mig… sions and have a needed income for yourself ** and others from the money you give by the REV. WILLIAM R. PATTERSON, Ph.D., Annuity Gift Plan who served from 1916 to 1923 on the Board of Home Missions, and later set This plan relieves you of uncertainty and up the Central Receiving Agency under worry caused by changing values of invested the New Era Movement of the Presby- funds and assures you a fixed income of terian Church, recently died in St. Louis. He had remarkable ability as a promoter 4i% to 9% per year of the church's work. He was born in Cedar Falls, Iowa, September 14, 1868. for the rest of your life PERSONALS A reserve fund of over .$1.500,000 guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you. ALTON L. MILLER, Ph. D., recently elected President of the Northern Baptist Protect yourself against Joss through Convention, is Vice-President of the Bos- unwise investments and at the same time ton Bethel City Mission Society and last help send the gospel to all the world. year was made President of the Boston Social Union. For full information write *** Erne" F. Holl, Secretor)" Dept. 01 Annuities DR. JAMES EDGAR GREGG, Principal of BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Hampton Institute, has resigned after a 156 Fifth Avenue. Ne.. York service of eleven years, a period during which the Institute has made marked ad- vance. The achievements of his admin- istration include the creation of the col- HoUl to Celebrate Pentecost lege; the establishment and endowment Experience Pentecost of the Builders' course; the establish- ment of the Library School; the enlarge- ment of the library building and the erection of a group of other important buildings; the increase of the teaching Read "A Modern Pentecost"

staff and a better organization of its ad- or "Power from on High"

ministrative functions. Dr. George P. Wonderful story of great Moravian Revival resulting in conversion of John and Charles Phenix has been appointed acting prin- W..sley. the birth of Methodism and Modern. cipal. . Foreign Missions and the largest contribu- tion of standard hymns in Church history. *** Book just published; 96 pages, 35 cents each; three for $1.00 postpaid. MISS MARY PRESTON, general secretary of the Hartford Y. W. C. A. for five " …. 'Power from on High' is a small book, but is years and at present secretary of the Na- full of fire. One yearns, as one reads it, for the tional Board, has been elected secretary fullness of the spirit." of the Commission on Missions in the Congregational Church in the field of pro- –Record of Chnsitan ~i'ork. Northfield, Mass. motion. " …. 'Power from on High' has been a very goreat * inspiration to me, and I wish it could be in the hands of every minister in a11 our churches.lI REV. .JAMES F. RIGGS, pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Little Falls, New -Dr. Charles L. Goodell, New York City York, has been elected a director in the Department of Education and Publicity, '…. I so delight in your book, ; Power from on of the Presbyterian Board of National High.' Is it possible to get it circulated in this Missions. Throughout his various pastor- country?"-Dr. F. B. Meyer, London, England. ates Mr. Riggs has been particularly successful as director of missionary educa- Addre.. the. Author, tion in both the presbytery and the synod. He is a grandson of the late Dr. Elias REV. JOHN GREENFIELD Riggs of Turkey and members of his family are now serving in China, Syria, WARSAW INDIANA Egypt, Africa and Turkey.

Please mention THE lIISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. 'J.'HE PJERSON MEMORIAL BIBl,E SCHOOL, SEOUl., KORE'~ 1929 J'ir8t Row, (Lelt to Riuht) .. MR. SUNG KON CnOl, Secretary d Bnglisll. Teacher" (Preshyterian); It:EV. IN YOUNG KIM, (8. Methodist), Old ~Pc8ta.ment Subjects.

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LII, No.9 September

DOES JAPAN DESIRE CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES?

BY PRESIDENT DANJO EBINA, Kyoto, Japan President oj DQ8hisha University A CHRISTIAN does not essen- fected by national and racial tially belong to anyone coun- feelings, that in their programs try or nation, but is a citizen they frequently forget to remem- of the world, inasmuch as Chris- ber Christ and His teachings. In tianity is not a national religion mission work, for example, the but is truly universal. Just as a words "American" and "English"

Christian belongs to the world, so ought not be made so important as Christianity belongs exclusively to the fact that the missions are no one country nor group of coun- Christian missions. As soon as tries. Christ belongs to the world Christians begin to actually think and His spirit should find its way of themselves as members of this to the hearts of all the peoples of world brotherhood, so soon will the world. Before Him all national many of the perplexing problems boundaries and racial differences that confront Christians and Chris- melt away. tianity be solved with greater sat- The living dynamic spirit of God isfying results.

moves this universe, and we who A Christian believes empirically live in it cannot long remain pro- that his religion is superior to all vincial-minded nor self-complacent. others. If not~ he has neither the It is a Christian duty to help es- conviction nor the right to preach; tablish the Kingdom of God in all possessing it, he can enlighten the earth. All men should be mankind, brighten-up its con- brought to know God as their fa- sciousness, broaden its hopes, and ther and to treat all men as broth- in God's name consecrate it.

ers. The Apostle Paul well said, The earlier Christians taught "Woe is me if I -preach not the Gos- the Jews to know God and preached pel." Christians ought to serve the Gospel of Jesus to the Greeks God and their fellow men with and to the Romans. On the one greater faith and devotion, fearing hand, they emphasized the fact that no spiritual nor material self-de- Christianity embodied the best of nial. morals and philosophy. On the Prote,stants in America, Eng- other hand, rejecting untruths, land, and Japan are so strongly af- they did not overlook the good 661

points in the ethics and philoso- religious beliefs. An understand- phies of the heathens. I believe ing missionary, therefore, can do that Christians today must again an immense amount of good in point out and fearlessly and con- emancipating these people from ob- tractively criticize certain mistak- sessions and perplexities. Many a en ethics and philosophies of the missionary's usefulness is meas- pagans and fearlessly preach the ured by his ability to successfully Gospel of Christ. Christian mis- clear up various conflicting ideas sionaries should be faithful to their between theology and science aris- beliefs and preach the Gospel of ing in the minds of enquiring peo- God, no matter what the sacrifice ples.

or pel"secution they may suffer Third, a missionary should pos- from doing so. sess a definite conception of moral Some may say that there are too duties. Foreign missionaries to J a- many missionaries today, that they pan have been especially loved for are too expensive, and even that their kind deeds, honesty, good con- they are unnecessary; if a mission- duct, and virtue. They are, there- ary is noble and capable, there is fore, greatly respected by the danger of his uselessness. Every Japanese people. However, some missionary'can do much good if he missionaries are too narrow- is the right type. They must pos- minded and show hatred for the sess certain qualifications in order pagans. They fear heathen doc- to be qualified to serve God in mis- trines. Sometimes they do not sion fields: seem to be able to overcome their First a missionary must be able spirit of national and racial superi- to reproduce miracles. Peoples in ority and thus hurt the feelings of Japan, Korea, and China, are like other peoples. If missionaries cast hungry people asking for food, cry- away narrow – mindedness and ing out aloud for those who can adopt the spirit of Christ, they will cure them of the terrible diseases win the confidence and respect of from which they suffer. Many re- the peoples with whom they work.

ligions in all parts of the world Many missionaries have converted profess to cure people of their sick- native Japanese to Christianity ness and attribute this power to simply by their faith and person- their respective gods. If mission- ality.

aries say "come and see" and ac- Any missionary who has these tually are able to show the people qualifications is welcomed in all that God still performs miracles parts of the world, even at great today, people will come to believe cost financially. The world needs that God still lives in this world. such missionaries and needs them Such is the first qualification for a very badly. Even though most mis- missionary. sionaries to Japan have had no Second, a missionary must have power of performing miracles and mental ability. People today are no profound knowledge, they have seeking knowledge. They are fac- been conscientious, ethical, and ex- ing such perplexing problems as cellent. That is why they have been that of the reality of God, the dig- so successful. If they had had all nity of personality, and the ulti- three of the qualifications, they mate end of mankind. They study would have been three times as science and become suspicious of successful. Much more complete

DOES JAPAN DESIRE CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES

would have been their success had Christians should send out their they also possessed moral leader- missionary ambassadors to the ship. ends of the world to tell their fel- lowmen of Christ and to make this Missionaries are not all well world the Kingdom of God. versed in social problems. Sociology is a relatively new science. "ONE MILLION SOULS CAMPAIGN" Young missionaries today have some knowledge of social problems, IN JAPAN but they are not essentially sociologists. They are specialists in the Toyohiko Kagawa, Japan's modern Gospel of Christ and a knowledge prophet, is projecting a "One Million of philosophy, economics, sociology Souls Movement," to bring the Gospel and history is necessary only as to the multitudes, with an appeal for these subjects interpret the teach- decision. He has become convinced by ings of Christ. his efforts for social reconstruction that unless some such great mass Christian missionaries should movement be organized now, the swiftnot differentiate one nation from ly advancing tide of socialism will ovanother, or stress the racial varia- erwhelm the Christian enterprise in tions among men. Before God all Japan and will spell disaster for spiritmen are all alike and each individu- ual idealism. Mr. Kagawa is on fire al is of infinite worth. with passion to make society Christian and he is able to reach and command The Christians of Japan might audiences of enormous size. His hearbear the burden of Christianizing ers at anyone meeting frequently numthe country without foreign assist- ber thousands and hundreds register ance, but how happy and beneficial decision for the Christian life. Devothas been our cooperation with for- ing most of his energies to platform eign missionaries. It has fostered work precludes his giving himself to a fine spirit of Christian brother- the business of writing which provides hood and has broadened the hori- funds for his social service work. His zons of the Japanese. friends feel that he should be dedi- cated to the great national campaign We live in a day when the stress which has as its immediate and ultiin mission work is less upon the mate aim the Christianizing of the sowords "England," "America," and cial order of Japan, and, as one means "Japan." We live in a world neigh- of financing the enterprise, they are borhood that requires a world point securing subscriptions at a dollar each of view in whatever mission work to a magazine published in English we may engage. called The Friends of Jesus, that serves to keep others in touch with the Some may argue that American movement and to reveal the world of Christians and Americans in gen- human need. eral do not reach the standard set by Christ and so are incapable of "I am teaching religion," says Mr. evangelizing others. This is poor Kagawa, "for, unless I do, the social reasoning. Our own churches will movement would be a failure. But my then have no right to carry Christ's religion is not exclusive nor merely of the church. My religion is the religion message to the people because they of Christ in the hearts of men." do not measure up to Christ.

THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCIL COMMITTEE AT THE HAYS'I'ACK MONUMENT, WIlLIAMSTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS.

Von t~:t::I:'~~h~ls~sifan:;DWn,BJ~h~go~I'i~~nfr'i~I~ :.t:;. ~~~~;,t·~. ';~c~ ~A~~r,W:cni:t~~' J~~:kl~: ~~~t , 4jcrOls~~hRfrs.l~~~g:;"Dj. GII~S~~a:~I~~~ Mendoza, Jam e~e~~:J~a~~'lacoe::n~g~&~~;:: Mf"~s~j~~~~~~' ~::k~~~ODr~~~I~ie~e:k!!: R;~e~~. :~!e:i~::·1.p~~~c~7j~~rt~A~Y~~i~e~I~~ iI~~:~n~n.~. BC~~:;~g. A. Ebl1.Awa, K. T. Paul, H. Anet, C. E. WIISOD, D. B. Schneder, Julius RiChter, Miss Pndwlck . E. Braga , F.. Amdahl, R. E. Dllf.ndor!er, V. K.

I~atourette.

WILLIAMSTOWN MEETING OF

I. M. C.

BY MISS ESTHER STRONG, New York A88iBta.nt Seorctu·ry oj the International llfisB"iorHf,ry Oouncil O N THE campus of Williams missions in Western lands, mis- College, where the monu- sions in industrial areas and race ment stands to commemo- relations, the Christian approach rate the famous Haystack Prayer to the Jews and medical missions. Meeting held in 1806 when the Every delegate went home with a American for e i g n missionary distinctive message for his own special task, a broadened sympathy movement was begun, another his- and outlook, a renewed faith in the toric missionary meeting was held Christian mission and a deepened July 11-21, which may well be re- sense of fellowship in the worldmembered for the renewed empha- wide Christian movement. What sis given to the central evangelistic effect could these two hundred and purpose of all missionary work. fifty delegates have on the wide This was the' meeting of the Com- range of Christian work?

mittee of the International Mis- The Chairman of the Council, sionary Council attended by fifty Dr. John R. Mott, spent the year delegates from the fourteen na- following the Jerusalem meeting, tional missionary conferences in visiting as many of the missions as western lands and the fourteen possible, to confer on their special National Christian Councils on the problems and work. numerous mission fields. Through the fellowship of this group of In making a report of this tour earnest Christian frontiersmen of Dr. Mott said that economically, man y nationalities, races, and Asia is in a very serious condition. Church affiliations, the unity of In India the burden is the heaviest the Christian movement was made in the villages and hunger, ignomanifest. rance, disease, superstition and in- debtedness claim heavy toll of suf- It was a small group but widely fering. In China the civil war has representative and with a definite caused a great economic deprestask to perform. This task was to sion and the famine conditions dereview the progress made since the mand immediate attention. Japan, enlarged meeting of the Council at quite contrary to common belief, is Jerusalem in the spring of 1928 and plan how best to conserve the also suffering economically. The results of the year's work and how earthquake destroyed a p pro x – imately one sixth of the wealth of best to proceed in the years just Japan and the suffering among all ahead. classes is acute. Nationalism is in- tense and spreading, not only be- At the Jerusalem meeting rec- ing more aggressive but having a ommendations were made on a number of topics, including the clearer understanding of its aims Christian message, religious edu- and goal. Although there seems cation, the relations between the to be more misunderstanding of younger and older churches, rural the peoples of Asia about each missions, the support of Christian 665

other than formerly, there is a far ature was available to the average greater will to understand and an man. He invariably found liter- increasing number of constructive ature of a very inadequate type or minds at work. none at all although there was an Dr. Mott reported that the in- abundance of Western literature fluence of Christ is vivid in every of other varieties, especially politi- land he visited in the Orient. An- cal. The Committee of the Inter- ti-religious forces are very strong national Missionary Council was but the Christian movement is on called upon to give a clear lead in the aggressive. The effect of the this matter.

call of the Jerusalem meeting is To the Council was also brought e v ide nt, for it has not only a summons to a larger evangelism.

strengthened the morale but has The Five Years' Movem,ent in given a new sense of direction and China was inspired by Dr. C. Y.

a strong united lead. This is part- Cheng, who was present at Wil- ly due to the influence of the na- liamstown. T his nation-wide tional Christians who were at movement aims to double the Jerusalem and who have inter- church membership in five years preted the meeting to their own and to strengthen the devotion of countrymen. the Chinese Church to Christ.

The situation in the mission Preparations for a similar move- fields clearly indicates a number of ment in Japan, known as the King- tasks which the International Mis- dom of God Movement, is under sionary Council must face, said the guidance of Toyohiko Kagawa.

Dr. Mott. There is great need for These great spiritual awakenings help in educational work, in clari- demand the intelligent cooperation fying the conception of religious and constant prayers of all Chris- education and its relation to gov- tians.

ernment education. The National As at Jerusalem, the subject of Christian Council of India, the pro- the Christian message was one vincial councils and the educational that received most careful consid- institutions sent a special request eration. Mr. J. H. Oldham opened for a commission to be sent to In- the discussion with so stirring an dia to study the situation and give address that the Committee re- advice. It is hoped that such a quested it to be printed in full for commission will be sent in 1930-31. wide circulation. Repeating the Less vocal but no less urgent was Jerusalem meeting warning Mr.

the need in Japan for such a com- Oldham said that secularism is the mission. greatest foe of Christianity today.

The problem is a matter that In the West the skepticism and holds a foremost place in Dr. agnosticism which dominated the Mott's thought. He visited more thinking of a few leaders a century rural areas than he had before ago is openly taught in schools been able to visit and saw their in- and colleges and is permeating the tense need. thinking of the masses, who in The lack of Christian literature consequence, are losing not only is another major concern and in their religion and moral restraints various places Dr. Mott visited but all sense of purposeful living.

book stalls to find out how much In the Orient the ancient religions and what kind of Christian liter- are crumbling before the on-rush

THE WILLIAMSTOWN MEETING OF THE I. M. C

of western civilization. The Orien- the world, and we must pray that tals are at the cross roads. Lack- God will raise up more Christian ing the Christian heritage they are thinkers of the first quality. We confronted with the choice between must put before them the demands a secular or a Christian interpreta- of the present world situation and tion of this scientific age. The de- appeal to them to take a larger, cision is a critical one. The mis- more active and more direct part sionary forces, so limited in re- in the world task of the Church sources and numbers, can only and devote their talents and their hope to influence a fraction of the genius to helping the Church in situation, but they can and must meeting the world-wide challenge call on Christian leaders and lay- of secular civilization."

men to face the situation and to While Mr. Oldham has been giv- work each in his own sphere. ing some time to work such as he "We do not want to make mere- outlined in his speech, his major ly the traditional missionary ap- time and thought since the J erusa- peal," Mr. Oldham said, "we do not lem meeting has been devoted to want to ask primarily for support Africa. One of the practical re- of the organized missionary move- suIts of this meeting was the ap- ment. Our 'appeal is wider than pointment of Mr. Oldham and that. We want to say to them, Miss Gibson to carry out the care- 'This, as we understand it, is the fully defined program of work in world situation with which Chris- Africa which was based upon the tianity is faced. How, in your recommendations of a group of own distinctive sphere, can you boa r d secretaries interested in help to meet it?' We want to say Africa who met for three days in for example to a group of school- Bronxville, New York, just previ- masters, 'You are engaged in train- ous to the Williamstown Meeting.

ing the youth of the nation. How Mr. William Paton presented to far is what you are doing directed the Council the progress made to- towards the development of per- ward the founding of a department sons who are equipped to help the of the International Missionary Christian cause in the world of to- Council to undertake social and in- day?' That is a much more fun- dustrial research to help mission damental and far-reaching ques- workers in the problems which tion than the obtaining of in- arise from the spread of industrial- creased support for the organized ism-such as the problem of forced missionary movement. If a right labor in Africa. This department solution of it is found, a solution of will be established at Geneva with the other question will be found one secretary to travel as a con- also. The approach to 0 the r sultant, and the other secretary to groups would be on similar lines; head the work at Geneva. It was "A beginning in the approach voted to submit the detailed plans to Christian scholars and theo- to the constitutent national con- logians has been made in Great ferences for vote and it is hoped Britain in a conference held in that before another meeting of the York. This needs to be followed Council this project will be well up in all countries. We must en- launched.

deavor to get into touch with the The problem of rural missions best Christian minds throughout was opened by Mr. K. T. Paul of

India and Dr. Loram of South claimed the right to change her Africa gave a vivid account of the faith under the new Egyptian gov- excellent results of Dr. Butter- ernment which guaranteed com- field's visit to South Africa. The plete liberty of conscience. To officers were authorized to secure everybody's surprise she was in- the services of Dr. Butterfield for formed that the constitution could the next two years to visit China not over-ride the law of Islam and and India and commissioned them that the religious law placed her to raise funds for this purpose. under the guardianship of a near The special appointment of Mr. male relative. A you n g man Basil Mathews was also authorized claimed the guardianship and the with the hope that he may give all woman was arrested by the police of his time to the presentation of and forcibly handed over to the foreign missions to youth. guardian. The case was taken in- The officers of the Council were to the Religious Courts but at once also asked to secure a secretary to a difficulty appeared as no Chris- develop the department for the tian lawyer is allowed to plead in work among Jews. An Interna- the Moslem Religious Courts. A tional Committee to carry forward Moslem lawyer had to be employed these plans was appointed, the to defend the girl and the case was American members of which are: lost as it was judged not by the Dr. J. S. Conning, Bishop Thomas constitution of the country but by Nicholson, Canon S. Gould and the archaic laws of the early days Rev. Henry Einspruch. of Islamic domination. It was Mr. W. W. Cash made a state- pointed out that a woman is con- ment on the missionary work in sidered as a minor until she had the Near East, particularly in re- attained the age of sixty and that lation to the question of Religious she is not free to change her faith liberty in Moslem lands. He said until after having passed that age.

that Islam is based upon a theo- Another law forbids any Moslem cratic idea of government through at any age to transfer his religious which the state and the Church are alliance from Islam to any other one. Islam itself has divided the religion. While man y Moslem world into two parts, the half of lands are proclaiming their boasted peace in which all true Moham- new nationality and modern pro- medans were members and the gressive constitution they are still half of war which included all dominated by the old reactionary other peoples. Islam has domi- orthodox religious leaders.

nated all social, economic and po- The officers of the International litical life. There is therefore a Missionary Council were asked to clash between orthodox Islam and watch the situation in Moslem nationality on the one hand and Lands and to bring pressure to the constitution of an Islamic form bear through publicity or otber of government and modern demo- means to better this situation.

cratic constitution on the other One of the major problems fac- hand. In Egypt recently the ques- ing missions today is that of re- tion of religious liberty has been ligious freedom in state systems of brought accutely to the fore. education. Many countries like A woman of twenty years of age Turkey and China are formulating had become a Christian and had new national systems of education

THE CHURCH AND POVERTY IN CHOSEN

and a strong and unified position question of evangelism and the should be taken by Christian mis- great evangelistic movements of sionary forces. In mandated areas China and Japan. Dr. Cheng told governments are also feeling their about the Five Year Movement and his hopes for a great spiritual reway in relation to the problem of vival. He asked especially for native education. If missions at prayers for the success of the this time will take a firm and movement, the prayers not merely united stand on fundamental prin- of the Board Secretaries but of the ciples it will undoubtedly have a hom e constituencies. A second great influence on government pol- great need is for missionaries who icy. It was agreed that the Inter- will give their whole lives to the national Missionary Council should service of China, as well as for extake steps to unify Christian think- perts who will go out for short peing on this point. The relation be- riods to deal with specific probtween education and evangelism lems. There is need also of help must also be carefully thought fro m Western churches in the through. Education cannot be de- financial needs of the Five Year veloped as a thing apart for it is an Movement. integral part of the evangelistic purpose. Some of the practical Nationals of In d i a, China, suggestions of the Religious Edu- Japan, Brazil and Siam, also voiced cation report were: 1. The prep- urgent calls for more missionaries aration of manuals for other areas and it was agreed that a presentalike Mr. Dougall's manual for tion of these needs should be made Africa. 2. A study of the new to churches in Western lands. educational policies in mandated areas, many of which have been Special stu die s were recom~ profoundedly influenced by Dr. mended in relation to the develop~ ment of self-support, and in the Thomas Jesse Jones's reports on problem of the propagation and Africa. 3. Visits to the field by maintenance of churches with experts in religious education. simple and less expensive forms of organization, and in the develop- The discussion of the church ment of Christian leadership. centered around the fundamental THE CHURCH AND POVERTY IN CHOSEN BY REV. L. T. NEWLAND, Kwang-ju, Korea SOME of the greatest problems ment in many directions; extreme in Korea are due to the gener- poverty leads to disease. Even the al poverty. According to gov- more fertile parts of the country ernment reports about 910 of the are sometimes the most poverty people of Chosen, or about 16,000,- stricken. 000, are in dire poverty and of The explanation of this is inthese 2 % or 3,500,000 are in the volved and concerns the Japanese, the rich Koreans and the people as beggar class. Poverty hinders self a whole. There are now immense support in the churches; poverty Japanese holdings that once beprevents young men and women longed to the Koreans and hunfrom obtaining an education ; pov- dreds of Japanese small farmers erty limits expansion and improve-

are taking the land and the place wrested from a stony creek bed, of Koreans, for the man from Ja- tiny rice fields. They went up on pan can farm more than a Korean. the mountain and farmed land that was so steep that it was almost The rich Korean who lives in the perpendicular. Even this did not cities, and sucks up the small farm- provide enough land to go around; er as a whale sucks up minnows, but still they were able to make a is a growing burden on the econom- bare living. ic life of the nation. While they themselves are rich the paradox These mountains and this valholds that they, like the great land- ley, every inch of them, belong to lords of ancient Rome, have a large two large Japanese corporations part in the poverty of their people. but for years they have rented the land out to the people of this vil- The people as a whole are not lage. Last year there was a change free from blame for their poverty, of overseers and the new man for with an open handed disrespect proved to be anti-Christian and had for the value of money and a de- several concubines all of a queslightful disregard for debts they tionable class. He put woman numcombine an indolence and an un- ber three in a house just below the progressiveness that have left them church building and this sinfar behind. It is true that the steeped social outcast felt keenly rainy season saps their vitality and the scorn of the clean Christian the winters are so mild that they women and the reproach of the litdo not build it back. The very in- tle church that threw an accusing ertia of the farmer has done much shadow across her yard. No soonto strip him of his property and er had she landed than she began his pride. to pull wires with her so called hus- band and by last fall she had pre- Let one example illustrate some vailed on him to take away all the of the underlying reasons for Ko- land from the Christians and give rea's poverty. I have just been to it to her people. This Christian a little church tucked away in the village was thus deprived of every mountains that is so poor that one bit of land they farmed, all rights is depressed to look at the miser- to cut wood and grass on the mounable way in which the people live. tain for fuel and even their little turnip patches and garden spots. Years ago this community made a fair living by growing tobacco A local pastor told me that an on the steep mountainsides. Then average of ten beggars came to his the government, apparently in fa- house each day, While the market vor of the tobacco monoply in place swarms with dirty half naked which it owns large stock, decreed beggar children. Some of these are that no tobacco should be raised in beggars from choice but most of this province. This cut off produc- them have been forced into this tion and raised the price of the fin- life by the economic pressure of ished article. With one stroke of this part of Korea. the pen the livelihood of a whole Under such handicaps and facvillage was swept away and there ing such conditions we are trying was no attempt made to teach the to build a self-supporting, self-repeople how to grow something else specting native church. Our work as a money crop. is almost entirely among the poor The people turned to the narrow valley at their feet and patiently

for they are ready for the Gospel ual revolution which is necessary and the message of Christ who before there is any hope of a ma- was reared in poverty is especially terial gain. The poverty of Korea for the poor. He casts the only is tied to anti-Christian practices ray of light over their economical far more tightly than the people night for He can make them rich themselves know. Superstition and exchange their rags for a means lack of progress and yet a king's robe. religion of superstition fills the life It is hard to ask these poor farm- of the average non-Christian. ers to contribute anything to the Business methods and business church causes for not only have honesty have been well nigh dethey not enough to support their stroyed by the religion of the land family but the most of them are that asked for only a formal obalso burdened with a slowly in- servance and made absolutely no creasing load of debt. Yet perhaps claim upon a man's actions. There is no use to introduce business rethe strength on the Korean native forms and better farming methods church lies in the fact that from so long as people as a whole do not the beginning they have been grasp that the only foundation uptaught a sturdy independence and on which business success can be the value of supporting their own built is a moral basis. work An average of $5.00 per Preaching and teaching of the year in gifts toward the support of the church causes shows how Gospel of Christ is the most urgent loyally the Christians of this part work that confronts the church toof the country stand behind the day. The Christian life as shown church. forth by social workers in all lines of service is needful and the church Does the development of the must not forget to live as well as church life in this land require that preach but unless the man of Kowe give less attention to preaching rea can understand the inner mothe Gospel and put our main effort tive of the Christian life he will into social Christianity? Quite pos- grasp for the fruit and disregard sibly the majority of the young the root. church members would answer with an enthusiastic, yes! The church must not have her eyes distracted from her supreme But the problem cannot be thus business. She will cure Korea's easily solved. The church is social and financial ills far quicker charged with caring for the whole by diagnosing the hidden troubles life of the people. The Christians than by applying a healing lotion should be better farmers, mer- to the ugly eruptions on the surchants, bankers and coolies than face. their non-Christian brothers. Only The church seems scarcely awake Christ's teachings will change the to the fact that there is an economsocial and business customs that ic urgency to her message as well are at the root of much of the pres- as a spiritual. The root trouble ent trouble. The Korean must be with Korea's financial and social remade spiritually before he can wrongs lies, not in the incapacity hope for financial independence. and backwardness of the people, The real solution of this problem but is found in their moral and will be found in a moral and spirit- spiritual inability.

IMPORTANT KOREAN

T HE Korean Government Gen- public schools. Slightly less than eral recently enunciated two 30 per cent. of Korean children of important ref 0 r m s that school age attend any school even should greatly benefit the peasants, including those attending the old- especially the tenant farmers. style Chinese classical schools. To The credit situation in Korea remedy this situation the govern- works severe hardships on the ment proposes to establish an ele- farmers; the recent survey of mentary school of two or more rural conditions made for the In- grades in every township that now ternational Missionary Council lacks one. It is intended that the found that interest rates ran as curriculum of the schools shall be high as 60 per cent. Private ef- made more practical. Care is beforts to remedy this evil have been ing taken in the curriculum "to inadequate. A M 0 n e y Saving free the country from the evil of a Guild was formed from which bookish education such as that members could borrow at not clutching the homeland," as the ofabove 18 per cent, but this was no ficial announcement puts it. Man- assistance to the tenant without se- ual work, handcraft, and gardencurity and, as a result, thousands ing are to be among the subjects lived in practical slavery to the taught along with the three R's and the Japanese and Korean lanmoney lender. guages. Field supervision of ex- The Government General has isting schools is also to be in- now organized "Farmers' Cooper- ative Credit Guilds," each of which creased and normal schools will be will be made up of 30 families, not improved to take care of the demembers of the Money Saving mand for more teachers."

Guild. Through this cooperative CHURCH UNION IN KOREA credit guide, peasants may borrow 20 yen to 50 yen at an interest The two American branches of charge of only 12 per cent. a year. the Methodist Church in Korea The proceeds of the loan must be have sent urgent appeals for per- use d for productive purposes, mission to unite organically and either in agricultural pursuits or yet to maintain relationship to some subsidiary industry. their respective mother churches.

This is a very important reform. The General Conference of the If it operates successfully, the Northern Church has granted this earnings of the capital fund can be petition and appointed a commis- used to expand the system to the sion to act with similar ones from extent of the demand without ad- the Methodist Episcopal Church, ditional expenditure of capital by South, and the Korean Conferthe Government General and one ences. of the greatest handicaps to the fo);o;! ~~ ~~~~~~t:~gtt~C~~~vte~a~g~~~e~':f°~:s economic progress of the Korean tenant will be removed. diti()ns by the Internati()nal Missionary Coun- The second reform relates to ~~l~ i::dfuat~eo~Ys~Ci~r~~dU~lt;~'U~R~S~:~chf education. Barely half of the While in Korea he was asked for suggestions Korean townships, and less than by the Government and bad numerous confer.

six per cent. of the villages, have s~i~~ a~~t~th!~eoffi~i~1:ri~or~11~tirt~e !!:t~~! f~~~~o~~~':f p~~~nl~t ~~~:e~~~!sf:3:ctiC"1 ellnca· 672

A ROMANCE OF MISSIONS IN JAPAN-

I NA band of some one hundred On being questioned as to what and twenty Chinese lads sent he would do if he were released, to America to be educated in Choy's reply was that he would go the year 1873 was one Choy Ting back and fight again. He was de- Kan. This lad spent nine years in tained as a prisoner of war and the United States, graduating at brought to Hiroshima in Japan, the head of his class from the high and there met Mr. Henry Loomis, school of New Britain, Connecticut. who was bringing spiritual help On his return to China, he won the and comfort to the soldiers going confidence and good will of the to the front, to the wounded in the famous statesman, Li Hung Chang, various hospitals, and to the Chi- and was appointed an instructor in nese prisoners who were kept at a the Naval Academy at Tientsin. Buddhist temple about a mile from When the war broke out with Ja- the city.

pan, he was appointed to the com- Captain Choy was given the mand of one of the torpedo boats, Christian Scriptures and other re- and at the battle of Yalu so dis- ligious books, and was enabled to tinguished himself for bravery and make a thorough study of Chris- resourcefulness that he was at once tianity and come to saving faith in promoted to the command of the Jesus Christ.

torpedo fleet at Wei-hai-wei under In course of time he was trans- Admiral Ting. ferred to Osaka, where Mr. Loom- In the course of the naval war is found him in a state of the the admiral determined to send, deepest dejection. The time for the first of all, the torpedo boats close of the war and an exchange against the Japanese fleet. So, in of prisoners was drawing nigh, and company with the other torpedo the news had come to him through boats, Captain Choy ran out of the an English friend in China that he harbor and attempted to sink a was accused of being a traitor and man 0' war; but failing in this, of having led the torpedo fleet in and seeing his return rendered im- deserting Admiral Ting, and that possible by a maneouvre of one of an order had been issued for him the enemy's cruisers, he fled to- to be beheaded the moment he fell ward Chefoo, and being pursued by into Chinese hands. Consequently a larger and swifter vessel, he ran Choy saw that his only hope lay in his boat aground and he and his securing a release that would en- crew flung themselves into the icy able him to remain in Japan, or water and made for the shore. The escape to some other country. This survivors were few, but among led him to pray earnestly that Mr.

them Captain Choy found himself Loomis might be sent to him in his clinging to the edge of the shore hour of need. It was with great ice but unable to lift himself out joy that he welcomed his friend as of the water. At this juncture a a direct answer to prayer.

Japanese soldier, attracted to the Mr. Loomis's presentation of the spot, drew him out. case was listened to very sympa- of • This interesting story was written by the thetically at the Japanese war of- l:li:'leR~~;'i!.~n~;, ~~~::,~~, agent the American fice, and after some delay, word 673 2

came that he would be released on fess I love the Book dearly. The condition that Mr. Loomis would one you gave me at Hiroshima is take charge of him. Consequently my constant guide and companion, this young Chinese officer of and the spare spaces in it are bestrength and promise found him- ing filled with marks and notes so self an inmate of a Christian home, that if you come to Formosa, you the influence of which upon his own will see it buoyed and beaconed heart and life he refers to over and with red and blue ink with Chinese over again in letters written to his and English notes and other pribenefactor. vate helps to the digestion of the Bread of Life. From Yokohama Captain Choy went to Formosa, where he re- "My estimate of the worth of the ceived an appointment under the book is the lifting power it pos- Japanese Government as inter- sesses: how far it is able to make preter in the Commissariat Depart- men good, noble and happy, how ment. Here he identified himself high it can elevate us from the with Christians, became a very beasts and brutes and makes us earnest lay worker, and was so true men. In no other book, ancient blessed in this labor of love that or modern, heathen or Christian, he determined to devote himself en- are such standards set forth as in tirely to Christian work. the Bible. It does not only refine our nature and carry us to a loftier The following extract from one sphere, but it makes us sons and of his letters shows something of daughters of God, and heirs to a the calibre and spirit of the man: throne more glorious than earthly "I know you have been asking all kings in the height of their ambithe time, What is your spiritual ex- tion ever dreamed of. perience? What is your relation to the Lord of Glory? I have been "Another standard of the worth happy without anxiety, for I know of the Book is its power of inducthat He careth for me. It is my ing thought. A book is not necesexperience that to be a Christian sarily valuable because it contains is to be happy. To know that certain facts; but it is valuable and Christ is ours, which means that precious because its perusal will everything else is ours and yet to stimulate thoughts in us. It will be fret and to be anxious, to wear a valuable in proportion to its power wrinkled face and a knitted brow, of setting our own minds in active a drooping head and a heavy heart, motion. Some books, though interand to make the cross of Christ a esting on first reading, will appear heavy burden seems to me highly distasteful on a second perusal; profane. We should show others but the Bible is inexhaustible in the light, the joy, the hope and the depth, and even after repeated bright prospects of a Christian life. readings new thoughts will rise and present themselves. The closer "Christianity is not a philosophy, not a fiction, not a superstition, but we examine the more there is in it. a living and practical faith. There- It is really a world-a world of fore I am always happy as possess- thoughts, a world of joy, a world ing Him who supplies and satisfies of blessed promises." every want. In course of time, the captain "In obedience to your good ad- found his way back to Hongkong; vice I read the Bible daily. I con- and finally, under the influence of

A ROMANCE OF MISSIONS IN JAPAN

Li Hung Chang, was repatriated "You have mentioned Joseph in and was eventually found identified your letter, but 1 have tried for with the reform movement. years to soothe myself with the After the death of his wife and thought of Job. It is vain to ex- two children from plague in 1903 pect happiness on earth. Religion Mr. Choy dropped all correspond- is a moral exercise and an educa- ence with his old friend and for tion of the soul. It is a force for some nine years was lost sight of the upbuilding of character. It altogether. But, one day in 1912, does not necessarily bring with it Mr. Loomis, at the home of the human happiness; it only enables American Consul Generij.l at Y0- to bear with fortitude the trials of kohama, overheard a correspondent life. It was wrong to expect that of the Associated Press from China religion could make us truly happy using the name of Tsai (Pekinese in the earthly sense, or that God for Choy) Ting Kan, and speaking could exempt us from the physical of him as the right hand man of laws of nature through our Yuan Shi Kai, President of the prayers. God does not bribe us in- Chinese Republic, who had loyally to belief by promises of bliss. God stood by Yuan in the darkest hours, is a moral being, and we know him and played no small part in bring- best who receive Him with philo- ing order out of confusion during sophic calm through the channel of those troublous days. Further in- faith, which begets knowledge and quiry revealed the fact that this wisdom to guide our thoughts and was none other than Captain Choy, acts, and lift us above the idea of now raised to the rank of admiral sorrow or joy.

and private secretary and confiden- "Years of brooding thought and tial adviser to the President. A bitter trials have indelibly burned renewal of correspondence led to these convictions into my mind. If, the cementing of the old ties of then, my interpretation of the re- friendship. The following extracts lation between the finite and the from a recent letter throw a flood infinite differs from that of yours, of light upon Choy's experiences 1 ask for leniency and Christian during the period of silence. "The charity."

death of my wife and two sons Soon after the reception of this crushed all faith out of me, and letter an invitation came from the for years 1 have been a sceptic. It admiral for Mr. and Mrs. Loomis was my determination never to to visit him in Peking, every ex- write to you again if 1 had to say pense of travel and entertainment 'I deny God.' For years a blank- being provided. Accepting, Mr. and ness reigned in my dismal soul. Mrs. Loomis, on reaching Peking Only glimmering rays occasionally found their friend Choy Ting Kan lighted up its dark and chilly cham- in earnestness and singleness of bers. For years I kept a studied heart doing a great work as the silence. Your affectionate letters head of the Salt Gabele, or Bureau, were read and re-read. Often I and in helping guide the state took up my pen to write to you, but through the troubled waters of the the mental struggle always ended present crisis; and, best of all, with the resolution not to break they had the testimony from his your heart by confessing that 1 own lips that his faith in God was deny God. daily growing stronger.

P. MACKAY-A

SECRETARY BY REV. A. E. ARMSTRONG, D.D., Toronto, Canada Secretary Qf the United Ohu,rch oj Canada Board of Foreign Mi8sio"n~ I N 1892 Robert P. MacKay was a charter member of the Confer- appointed by the General As- ence of Foreign Mission Boards sembly of the Presbyterian Church in Canada as its first Sec- and only five now survive who atretary of Foreign Missions and for tended the first meeting in 1893thirty-four years he gave conse- Robert E. Speer, W. Henry Grant, crated leadership to the cause of Oliver R. Avison, John R. Mott and J. Campbell White. Dr. MacKay's first statement to that conference thirty~six years ago-"If we could get the ministers of our churches interested, the congregations will be"-was indicative of his efforts for the extension of the Master's Kingdom. He lived for the spread of the Gospel, and he saw clearly that if the minister has the mis- sionary passion, the people will fol- low his leadership.

Dr. MacKay evinced his keen in- terest in the cause of missionary ROBERT P. MACKAY education by helping in 1902 to or- ganize the Young People's Missionworld evangelization, retiring in ary Movement (now the Mission- 1926. His service was marked by ary Education Movement). at sound judgment, sympathetic un- Silver Bay, New York, and by prederstanding, even temperament siding for many years over one of and lofty principles. In his trans- the annual summer conferences of lation The United Church of Cana- that movement at Whitby, Ontario. da and the Foreign Missions Conference of North America have Two characteristics were very lost one of their most gifted, de- marked in Dr. MacKay'S life and voted and beloved leaders. He was work. (1) He was a man of prayer. Much of his reading-and he read many books on many subjects- consisted of volumes on prayer, mysticism and the devotional life. Next to his Bible, which he knew very intimately, he loved literatUre on communion with the Eternal, and on the cultivation of the spir- itual life. He actually lived "the life which flows from prayer and from which prayer flows."

(2) He was a good letter writer.

676

ROBERT P. MACKAY-A SAINTLY SECRETARY

Dr. MacKay never allowed his pen sonality of George Paxton Young, to be supplanted by the lazier meth- Professor of Philosophy in the od of dictation. That is to say, his University of Toronto, whose rocontinual use of his pen enabled bust character and brilliant teachhim, even in dictation, to incorpo- ing made an abiding impression rate into typed letters those human upon the young student. Dr. Macand personal touches which led Kay was a thorough student and many, including scores of foreign was for many years examiner in missionaries, to treasure his com- Church History in his beloved Alma munications because of their sym- Mater, Knox College, Toronto. In pathy, insight and cheer. 1900 he was honored with the de- gree of D.D. by Knox College of Dr. MacKay lived simply. He whose Senate he was a useful memindulged in no expensive tastes, ber for about thirty years. In 1911 and being alone for the last two he was enthusiastically elected decades of his life, he gave gener- Moderator of the General Assemously to worthy enterprises and to bly of the Presbyterian Church in needy people. He bequeathed one- Canada. Of his moderatorship, a quarter of his modest estate to the distinguished minister of the work of Foreign Missions. Visit- church said: "There never was a ing sick friends and those who better Moderator. Quick, alert, were passing through the shadows, never off his guard, nothing ever comforting the lonely and the be- missed him, and he held that large reaved, and sympathizing with the body in a grip that never relaxed unfortunate were so natural to him from the moment of his election that his presence in any company right to the close. Yet such was or home was regarded as a bene- his spirit of kindliness and considdiction. eration that no one could be bad tempered in a meeting over which He was always very human, and he presided, and he made it, in possessed the saving grace of hu- spite of its difficulties, one of the mor much beyond the ordinary. Assemblies most to be remembered His capacity for telling ~ good in the church's history." story, indulging in a witticism or a joke made him popular with a host Dr. MacKay was a warm friend of friends, and his company desired and adviser of the Student Volunon social occasions. teer Movement for Foreign Mis- sions, and was always ready to give The name "MacKay" was com- counsel to young people concerned mon in the Canadian Presbyterian about their life work. He was acministry; twelve of his clan from tive in the formation of the Canathe one congregation of Embro, in dian School of Missions, an the famous township of Zorra, Ox- interdenominational institution for ford County, Ontario, entering the the specialized training of Canaservice of the church during the dian missionaries and missionary ministry of the first pastor, Rev. candidates, and was continuously Donald MacKenzie, who, it may be a member of its Council. He was added, was the means under God also the esteemed President of the of leading some forty young men Toronto Bible College, an honored to devote their lives to the min- member of the Alliance of Reistry of Jesus Christ. formed Churches, and was notable Another potent influence in Dr. MacKay's life was the inspiring per-

in his work as convener of its Com- court his wife passed away leaving mittee on Foreign Missions. him with one child, a daughter whom he gladly gave to foreign Dr. MacKay was devoted to the mission service, as the wife of Rev. promotion of organic union of Andrew Thomson of China. Evangelical Churches, and labored for more than a score of years to Dr. MacKay left his home in Toachieve the consummation of the ronto on Saturday, the 25th of last union of the Congregational, Meth- May, intending to preach in the odist and Presbyterian Churches in new Chalmer's Church, Woodstock, Canada. He regarded it as one of Ontario; but he was taken ill that the happiest days of his life when, same evening, and, without sufferon June 10, 1925, on the platform ing, quietly slipped away during of the arena in Toronto with eight Sunday night-the Lord's Day, thousand people present, he joined which he always observed as truly with other distinguished ministers a holy day, in his old home town, and laymen in signing the "Basis ready to preach the Gospel which at Union," his name occupying first he loved to proclaim, with his only place among those who subscribed child home from missionary service their names on behalf of the Pres- in China at his bedside-what byterian Church in Canada. more fitting close could there be to such a saintly life? In 1906 and 1907 Dr. MacKay visited the Asiatic missions of his As one intimately associated church, and some fields of other with him in delightful secretarial churches, and nine years later he service for twenty years, the writvisited Trinidad and British Gui- er may be permitted a brief, perana. Both missionaries and pastors sonal tribute. Those relations were of local churches testified to the akin to that of father and son, for value of his visits, and to the spir- there developed a real affection and itual benefits derived from his mes- a confidence that remain a precious sages. memory. One could freely discuss with such a sympathetic soul as Dr. Dr. MacKay reached the ripe age MacKay matters affecting the perof eighty-two years, having served sonnel and the work of the various almost fifty-two years as an or- fields knowing that all would be redained minister. For fifteen years garded as confidential, and would he ministered to two congrega- inure to the best interests of those tions,-first that of Knox, Agin- concerned and to the work of court, Ontario, and second in Christ's Kingdom. Parkdale, Toronto. While at Agin- THE INESCAPABLE CHRIST C HRIST in life is inescapable. It was Henry George who said, "I love the people and was led to Christ as their best friend." It was Cardinal Manning who replied, "I loved Christ and was led to love the people for whom Christ died." It was a Hindu who said to me, "No one but Christ is seriously bidding for the heart of the world. There is no one else in the field." The modern man knows that he must be religious after the mind of Christ or not be religious at all. E. STANLEY JONES.

TURNING POINT IN

Some Effects of the Murder of Dr. John E. Williams of Nanking N o LESS a man than Dr. C. on the 24th of March the most unfortu- T. Wang, the Minister of nate incident took place-The so-called Foreign Affairs of the Na- "Nanking incident." My friend Dr. tionalist Government of China, has written to Mrs. Williams to ex- Williams, the vice-president of Nanking press his conviction that the mar- University, was the victim. tyrdom of her beloved and honored husband, the vice-president of Dr. Williams, of Anglo-Saxon ances- Nanking University, in March, try, came to China for the Kingdom of 1927, marked the turning point in the history of the Chinese revolution. Dr. Wang, who was a warm personal friend of Dr. Williams, has caused a monument of white marble to be erected in his memory with an inscription of six hundred Chinese characters which testify to Dr. Williams' character and love for China and the benefits of his twenty-eight years of service and his final great sacri- fice.

MEMORIAL STONE ERECTED TO JOHN E. WILLIAMS ERECTED BY DR. C. T. WANG, Minister oj Fm-dgn AjJaiJ"S for the Nat-iona,Zist Government 0/ China A T~an8lation of Charact e,'s Being the old capitol and stronghold God. I met him in Japan in 1906, where we were cooperating in the founding of most suitable as a political center, Nanking is considered a strategic city by a Chinese Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation for students from China. He militarists. was a real scholar; a man of high per- After the removal of the capitol to the sonalty; he was the best friend to the north in 1911, Nanking became the prey Chinese from the Western hemisphere. of militarists for more than ten years. Although Dr. Williams was only one Gen. Chiang Kai-Shek, with dual re- of the victims of the Nanking incident, sponsibility for the party, and tbe late we took his death as the most important tragedy. The death of Dr. Williams Shuan Li, led their followers from Can- really gave us unification because it ton in the Northern Expedition. caused an internal clearing and cleans- Within a few months, Hupeh, Kiangsi, ing in our forces; so that the Northern Fukien and Chekiang were conquered Expedition could be continued. one after another. His death is certainly as heavy upon The fall of Nanking to the armies of Chiang Kai-Shek, on the 24th of March, (1926), was considered the most important victory for the party because we could then view the control of the Nation within a few months.

Due to a disloyal act, and in order to bring about international complications, 679

us as Tai Shan Mountain. This is why provinces of China. The work he has we must never forget him. I.. w,ap.g accomplished will indeed remain with us. In order to perpetuate his memory, and Chen Ting, regret so much 1!lY mablllty particularly to convey to the future gento protect in time of great dIstress; for erations the important part he has the purpose of expressing my deep sor- played in China's struggle for freedom, row, I have created this memorial stone.

WANG CHEN TING, a stone tablet will be erected at his tomb MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS. with appropriate words in Chinese, JAN. 11, 1929. which I will have translated and printed The stone marks the grave in the peaceful little "God acre" in Nan- in English. CHENGTING. king where loving Chinese hands laid the body of their friend, to Mr. Chiang Su-Hsiang, Secre- tary of the Alumni Association at rest in the city he loved. Nanking, wrote to Mrs. Williams on January 9th, of this year, in be- half of the Alumni Association, as Dr. Wang wrote as follows to follows; Mrs. Williams in letters dated from The presence of Dr. Williams to the Shanghai, April 13, 1928, and from University was a gift to us from God. He has done a great work for the Uni- Nanking, December 10, 1928, and versity. Without him the University January 11, 1929; could never have attained its present My dear friend's death, tog~ther,,:vit.h status. His passing away is an irre- the others during the Nanking mCI- trievable loss to the University ….. .

dent," marked the turning point of s.av- Dr. Williams suffered like his Master. ing this nation from the red terrOI'lsm You have given us an example of how throughout the country. But f~r the Nanking "incident," the Kuommtang to live and how to stand the difficult life. The physical body of Dr. Williams is not would probably have gone on in its fixed with us but his unperishable spirit is plan of driving northward with the rear moving incessantly upon us and upon left wide open for the "reds" to occupy China and some day China will bring and ruin. The Nanking outrages were her whole family to adore Christ as our an eye-opener to the leaders of the party Saviour and our life. Shall we not feel to the great dangers of harboring ~he "reds" within the party. The drIve satisfied if each one of us can contribute northward had to be delayed in o~der that full attention and energy be gIven his own little part to the work of God?

to driving the internal foes out of the Dr. Williams gave his all for China. His life ought to be emulated by all of party first. In all probability, if the us. What we need today is not only an reds were not ousted at that time, an- unselfish life but a generous soul-a servother six months would have ena!>led ing spirit which may help to awake us them to grow so strong that they mIght from the slumber of moral paralysis.

have been able to annihilate the moderate Whenever we think of Dr. Williams, we members of the Kuomintang and create feel that his life is the life that should be lived by everyone of us. .The world a strong Red party in control of. the country. Imagine what havoc mIght will not be saved by those who live for have been wrought in the whole country! themselves alone. Dr. Williams gave his life always for others. He has given all So I say Jack's (Dr. Williams') death he could give. God will give him a was the means of saving hundreds of worthy place in His Kingdom.

thousands of other lives. "Perhaps the greatest and most CHENGTING (C. T. WANG). valuable result of all education is the ability to make yourself do the *** thing you have to do, when it has Perhaps it will be of some consolation to be done, whether you like it or to you to know that the extrem~ sacri~ce of your husband was the turnmg pomt of our Northern Expedition. It was that not. It is the first lesson that ought to be learned, and however unfortunate incident of March 24, 1927, early a man's training begins, it is that caused the Nationalist leaders to probably the last lesson that he purge the Kuomintang Party of the coIT?- munistic elements at all costs. By hIS life, Jack brought about the union w?rk learns." in missions as exemplified in the eXIst- These are the words of Thomas ence of the University of Nanking, a1!-d Huxley, a scholar and an able man who overcame tremendous odds. by his death he became instru1l!ental In effecting the union of the dIstracted

A FIVE YEAR CAMPAIGN IN

What China's Christian Council Is Doing T HIS year's meeting of the Na- worth in fostering and expressing fel- tional Christian Council of lowship and unity, in considering the China differed from preceding needs of the church on a nation-wide meetings in that members were basis, as a bureau of information, in elected by Chinese church bodies. promoting exchange between East and Three hundred and seventeen thousand West of outstanding Christian work- church members, or seventy-two per ers, in serving as a means whereby cent of the total Protestant Christian the Christian forces in China may ex- body thus sent delegates of their own press themselves unitedly on great choice. This meant a radical change moral issues and in representing the of basis from the China Continuation Christian forces in China in relation Committee which was a self-perpetuat- to the International Missionary Coun- ing body. This year, for the first cil and the National Christian Coun- time, it was a cross section of those cils of other countries.

who could speak with authority for The Annual Meeting was held at their various constituencies. Hangchow Christian College and was The new constitution, adopted pro- preceded by five regional retreat con- visionally in this meeting, provides ferences, held at Mukden, Peiping, for a biennial meeting of which the Canton, Hankow and Shanghai, and a membership will be composed of ap- special conference at Shanghai on proximately sixty-five per cent di- Christian Literature. Dr. John R.

rectly elected by church bodies and Mott and a number of the National proportionate to their membership. Christian Council Secretaries, and (There are now twenty-three church more than half of the delegates had bodies, including the Church of Christ been present at one or another of in China and others which bring to- these conferences.

gether a number of churches.) In ad- In North China the representatives dition, national organizations, such as of twenty-two church, association and the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., the college groups centered their atten- China Christian Educational AS8ocia- tion on the Christian worker. A care- tion, the Council on Higher Educa- ful survey showed a great dearth of tion, the medical and philanthropic higher trained workers. In addition work, Christian Literature Societies, to this report there was given a de- the China Sunday School Union and tailed account of experiments in de- Bible Societies, have representation veloping lay leadership as carried on not to exceed twenty per cent of the in the London Missionary Society at total. The ExecutiTe Committee was Siaochang in connection with the ag- also empowered to coopt members up ricultural evangelism at Fenchow, of to fifteen per cent of the total mem- the training center for country work- bership, now about one hundred and ers in Tunghsien, mass education in twenty-five. Paotingfu, the laymen's training in- The constitution also provides for stitute in Lintsing and mass education an Administrative Committee of for women and girls as developed in thirty members which comes together the Methodist field of Changli.

twice a year and aims at a geographi- All the regional conferences passed cally wide representation and a small votes in favor of the Forward Evan- Executive Committee. gelistic Movement. Further study of The National Christian Council is this subject was undertaken by Com- organized to secure effective Chris- mission I during the National Chris- tian leadership and has proven its tian Council meeting under the leader- 681

ship of R. J. McMullen and P. J. Chow. to say: "We recommend that the Na- The Commission report defined the tional Christian Council make a study two-fold objective of this movement of successful experiments in enlisting as follows: and training voluntary workers, and 1. The cultivation among Christians urge the church to make every effort of a deeper knowledge of Christ, of a to reach and use lay leadership." more intimate fellowship with Him, and of a more courageous following of Him With regard to the need for misin all the relationships of life. sionaries, the Commission said: 2. The carrying out of a vigorous evan- The present time calls for urgent efgelistic program in the hope that within forts: Chinese Christians should increasthe next five years the number of Chris- ingly assume responsibility. Even where tians will at least be doubled. and when the Chinese Church has at- tained the self-directing stage of in- :'"'r. Mott said that large and dif- digenous life, there is still a great and ficult undertakings call forth "latent vital need for missionaries with religious energies and drive one back to God." experience, vocational training, devotion He had learned "to distrust any plan to service, who are moved with a desire to assist their Chinese coworkers, to push forward to fulfill the command of Jesus that is not impossible," and we must Christ. At that time separate mission therefore, "gird up the loins of our organizations on the field will no longer minds, lay a mine of prayer, and go be necessary, but missionaries will serve forward." The Council unanimously within the Chinese Church on equal terms expressed its hearty approval of the with Chinese Christians. campaign and then spent a period in prayer that its objectives might be The last command of Christ and the realized. Dr. Cheng Ching Yi is be- yearning call of the Macedonians will ing asked to give full time to this ring in our ears as in the past. The pro- gram of "China for Christ" needs to be campaign and all of the National pushed more vigorously than ever; work Christian Council Secretaries and is urgent and many workers are needed. Committees are asked to organize Missionaries with the sacrificial spirit are, therefore, urged to come to China and serve.

their work around it as a central ob- Commission III on Religious Educajective. Other workers are to be se- tion under the leadership of D. W. cured, literature prepared and trans- Lyon and C. S. Miao, urged the use of lated, and a Standing Committee to be educational and psychological methods organized which shall be its inspira- in evangelistic work and improvement tional center and correlating agency in Sunday-school methods. The Counfor the nation. It will sound a call to cil was asked to carry out the followprayer and make every effort to enlist ing in this regard: the whole-hearted cooperation of the churches. 1. To promote spiritual life in Chris- tian families and publish suitable ma- Commission II, under the leadership terial for this purpose. of Bishop Tsen and Bishop Birney, dealt with the problem of church 2. To promote associations for discusworkers and the need for a program sions of home problems and to publish suitable materials for their use.

3. To encourage theological seminaries which will appeal to the adventure and and Bible schools for men and women to patriotism of Chinese youth. Stu- emphasize religious education in the curdent associations and the Student riculum. Volunteer Movement are to be asked to cooperate with the churches in pre- 4. To seek help in personnel from orsenting the claims of Christian serv- ganizations affiliated with the National Christian Council in promoting religious education in the home.

ice to young men and women. The Commission IV, with E. W. Burt use of the daily church school was pro- and Dr. T. C. Bau as leaders, pre- posed as a means of bringing direct sented a report on the Relation of the Christian teaching to students in reg- "Younger and Older Churches." The istered schools. Regarding the volun- meeting passed votes for a financial tary workers, the Commission had this survey in China which had been asked

THE JAPANESE CHURCH AND MISSIONS

for by the Jerusalem Meeting of the cil. Dr. Mott helped the group to face International Missionary Council and the difficulties and sacrifices necessary a nation-wide survey of the present to make this movement a success but situation of the churches in China showed how there must be hdvance topreparatory to receiving a delegation ward organic union.

from the missionary Boards to work The extent of the work of the Naout a policy for future cooperation. tional Christian Council can be seen from the budget for the coming year, Commission V, on Literature, with amounting to nearly $100,000, and a Dr. C. L. Hsia, of Shanghai, and Prof. staff of ten secretaries, all employed T. C. Chao, of Yenching, as leaders, for full time. The closing devotional grappled seriously with the problems meeting brought the conference to deeply understand their motto, "0, of the production and distribution of Lord, revive thy Church, beginning Christian literature. It was voted to organize a Standing Committee to cor- from me." The one hundred and relate the efforts of existing organiza- thirty-eight delegates and secretaries return to forty-one cities in thirteen tions that will have a budget sufficient provinces to make actual the vision to enable it to meet the need for the and high resolves formed in the conpublication of Christian literature of ference. On each one's heart was the wide variety. five-year program of evangelistic ef- Meetings of the Church of Christ in fort. China were held at least four times between regular sessions of the Coun- THE JAPANESE CHURCH AND MISSIONS BY REV. ARTHUR D. BERRY, Tokyo, Japan ,Missionary of the Method'ist Episcopal OhurchJ 190'/t M OST of the Christian leadership in general to the J apa- churches in Japan are in- nese. The natural order seems to be missionary leadership, native lead- dependent of foreign con- ership, and then suitable leadertrol. The nationalization of the ship. churches was brought about with no harmful results, since it has Church union in Japan is a problong been an accepted principle lem which is left to the national that the churches should be J apa- churches. Bodies closely related nese. This question seems to have have united already and the Japano relation to the continuance of nese must decide whether there missionaries in the country. The Japanese have been given the lead- shall be more union. Boards and ership in a large part of the Chris- missionaries are not interfering. tian church and school work. We The churches are not in haste to have risen above the question of unite when it is in their power so Japanese leadership to a higher to do.. The Boards and missionstage. Our Japanese leaders are aries do not keep them apart, but impatient when it is suggested that have often taken the lead in church a man is not eligible to a position union. The settlement of these imbecause he is a foreigner. They portant questions, has not pushed say that it is not a matter of race on the great Christian task in but of fitness. We could never Japan to a rapid conclusion. The have reached this stage so com- secret of quickly winning all the pletely if we had not given the world to Christ is the great un- solved problem of the church today.

ENCOURAGEMENTSINJAPAN*

BY REV. PAUL S. VAN DYKE A NOTEWORTHY s t e p to- sale of Bibles to high school boys war d s independence and and girls at meetings held for them self-support has been taken when they are dismissed from by many native Churches in Japan, school in the afternoon. which have been receiving financial subsidies from the mission for The student, teacher and official a period of from ten to twenty class are the most approachable years, when these churches were class of people in the empire. This turned over to the presbytery and class of people generally live away a yearly decreasing scale of assist- from parental influence which is ance for them adopted. This plan often prejudicial to Christianity. brings the self-support of these In pursuing the line of least resistchurches definitely in sight and ance, which is the ordinary way of means the diversion of missionary working, most of the Christian conmoney and effort to more needy verts, especially in the cities, have and unoccupied fields. been drawn from these classes. In spite of the gradual industrializa- Another encouraging feature is tion of the cities the bulk of the that the feeling in general between population still consists of farmers the mission body and the native and small shop keepers, the most church is that of increasing good- conservative classes of the nation, will. A regional conference in- and these classes, particularly those cluding native evangelists, pastors who dwell in villages, are practiof independent churches and mis- cally untouched by the Gospel. sionaries was held recently at which evangelistic methods and The Holiness Church and the Saldoctrinal problems were discussed. vation Army, with their rigid in- sistence upon absolute separation Perhaps the most significant fea- from idolatry, a definite Christian ture of the whole situation in experience and their simplicity in Japan is that patient and persever- presentation of the gospel, have ing seed sowing leads to certain re- accomplished more among these sults. A missionary in Japan bap- classes than the larger and matetizes in one year from eight to rially better equipped missions. A twenty converts. comparison of the results of these In distributing and selling liter- and other small poorly-equipped ature from house to house out of missions convinces us of the supeforty places visited perhaps ten riority of their spiritual equipment will buy a gospel portion or five and backing. If Japan is to be cent tract and three or four will really evangelized these classes talk freely about the nature of must be reached through the de- Christianity. The number influ- velopment of lay Christians among enced to the extent of going to them. The most arresting factor church by this work is almost neg- in the missionary situation is the ligible. Some missionaries are same, yesterday, today and tomorhaving remarkable success in the row – a spiritual awakening on the part of both foreign and na- • Con4ep5e4 from The Presbyterian Survey. tive workers.

684

A NEW THING IN HOME

BY REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D.D., New York E:cecut1v6 Secretuy, Home Missions OouncH D ENOMINATIONAL compe- good deal of the church's effort tition is rapidly being out- today is expended in keeping the lawed. Christians have out- machinery running. It takes a con- lived sectarian rivalry. There is siderable part of the time of our in our hearts a revolt against it. preachers to oil the wheels. It con- We have discovered that it is not sumes much money in perpetuat- only poor religion, but it is bad ing our differences and our worn business. It belongs no longer out organizations. Weare paying among Christian churches. Coop- too high a price for competition.

eration and consolidation are now The famous cartoon "Keeping up the vogue in all lines of modern with the J oneses" has many les- life. The world is being forced sons for the church. There is en- to it. Competition is war and "War tirely too much of that sort of is hell." Religious competition thing between our denominational means destruction both for the families.

loser and the winner. Has not the time come for the Mr. Paul M. Mazur in his won- churches to get together in our derfully informing book, "Amer- common task of making America'

ican Prosperity," says, "We are Christian? Many of the best minds destined to witness a period of of the church think that it has.

tremendous industrial consolida- The mission boards especially tion. This demand is coming not think the time has come for a real from the producers or' sellers, but serious attempt to pull together from the consumers. They are and not separately. Both at home tired of the high cost of competi- and abroad there is a rapidly ris- tion. There are opposing forces, ing tide of sentiment for a closer certain laws and enactments, and alinement of denominational forces a great deal of human nature, but and resources in mission work. In consolidation is bound to win and fact this is the most pronounced men will realize that personal conviction of our missionaries.

power and liberty are safeguarded From every mission field of the by union, and jeopardized by in- world there come startling testi- dustrial anarchy." monies of the evils of denomina- As in industry, so in the church, tional rivalry, and pathetic appeals we have been guilty of over-produc- for Christian unity and coopera- tion. We have organized too many tion.

churches. We have created too In view of this need for a more much organization. We have set united Christian approach to the up too much machiner.y. To keep task of missions, the Home Mis- our mass production and to keep sions Council, with the cooperation the machinery running we are of the Council of Women for Home forced to speed up salesmanship Missions and the Federal Council by means of expensive advertising of the Churches of Christ in Am- and high pressure promotion. A erica, is now making a special 685

study of the home missionary en- which we are hearing so much in terprise, in what it calls the Five these recent years? If we can Year Program of Survey and Ad- bring our denominational bodies justment. together in organized cooperation, This is the first time in the his- we may find ourselves a long way tory of American Protestantism on the road toward church union.

when such a study of Home Mis- Second. The survey of the sions was ever attempted. Thirty- United States state by state, county seven national mission boards, by county, and community by com- representing twenty-eight denomi- munity. This is a simple, practical, nations in the United States and inexpensive fact-finding effort to Canada are cooperating in this discover the conditions of over- movement. The Program is pro- churching, inadequate churching, ceeding along four distinct lines. and over-looking. The survey is First. The organization of State now well under way in more than Councils-either state Councils of a dozen states. It has been finished Churches, Home Missions Councils, in New Hampshire. The results Interdenominational Comity Com- are very illuminating and confirm missions or Superintendents' Coun- the conclusions of the Cleveland cils. There are now more than Comity Conference.

three score state and local councils The towns, or townships were of various kinds. This is the first classified in three groups. Those . necessary step in bringing about that are inadequately churched, interdenominational cooperation. that is, having no church at all, or There must be some organization very poor and inadequate churches; through which the denominations those that are adequately churched, can function cooperatively. In the that is, having about the right num- states where we have had state fed- ber of churches for the community eration of churches for a number with resident pastors and reason- of years, the denominations are able budget and fair equipment; much closer together and the co- those that are over-churched, that operative programs are much fur- is, having more churches than the ther along. This is, to be sure, community can support, or than another organization, and our de- are needed to care for the spiritual sire is to reduce rather than in- interests of the community.

crease the number of organiza- In the 222 New Hampshire tions. But there is a difference. towns of less than 5,000 population These state councils are organiza- the survey discovered – Thirty- tions of organizations. They are three towns that are classified as for the purpose of coordinating de- inadequately churched. They are nominational organizations, bring- for the most part small towns and ing them into friendly cooperation, open country. The aggregate popu- and furnishing opportunities for lation is 9,753. In these thirty- the conference and fellowship so three towns there are twenty-six much needed among our churches. churches with a total membership How can we cooperate until we of 372, or an average per church know each other and become ac- of fourteen members. There are quainted with each other's pro- in these same churches fourteen grams? May they not also be Sunday-schools with a total enroll- pointing the way toward that ment of 197 scholars, or an aver- larger union of churches about. age per school of thirteen.

A NEW THING IN HOME MISSIONS

One hundred and sixteen towns one of our oldest states. But the are cluBsified as adequately saddest part of the situation is the churched, that is, having one church fact that more than half (50.9 %) to about 1,000 population with a of all the population of that state reasonable program and equip- is entirely unchurched-untouched ment and resident pastor. by any kind of church-Protestant, Eighty-three towns of the 222 Catholic or Jewish. What is still are classified as over-churched. more distressing is the fact that These towns have an aggregate New Hampshire is no exception.

population of 118,510, more than Surveys that are now in progress one-fourth of the entire popula- in Pennsylvania, Oklahoma, Colo- tion of the state. They contain 293 rado and other states show equally churches with a total membership disappointing figures.

of 21,463, or an average member- Third. Adjustments. The sur- ship of seventy-three. There is one veys are being followed in each church in these eighty-three towns state, county and community by a for every 403 people, more than systematic, deliberate attempt on twice as many churches as there the part of denominational bodies should be according to the com- and responsible executives to cor- monly accepted standard of Prot- rect the evils of competition, over- estant churches for every 1,000 lapping and inadequate churching.

population, the population being These adjustments can be made, homogeneous as to color and lan- where the local communities have guage. the cooperative spirit, by mergers, Here are some details from the federations, consolidations or mu- survey-twenty-six towns of less tual exchanges of fields. This is the than 1,000 population have each difficult part of the program. There three or more active churches, or are so many local situations to one Protestant church for every meet, denominational loyalties and 217 of the population. An aggre- traditions, community problems, gate population of 18,644 is served ecclesiastical machinery, and the by eighty-six Protestant churches. ever present ubiquitous human na- These churches have a total mem- ture. This is necessarily a slow bership of 3,284 or an average per process and will take years to work church of thirty-eight members. out, but progress is being made.

Seventeen towns, exclusive of the Comity is working in many places.

one-church towns, with a total Some entire states are boasting of population of 8,709 have fifty not a single violation of comity or churches, or an average of one overlapping or competition. Our church for every 161 of the popu- large cities are, through their city lation. The average membership of federations and comity committees, these fifty churches is twenty-six. making splendid headway in solv- These details could be continued ing these problems.

at great length. For example, one Fourth. The North American town of 1,537 people has five Home Mission Congress is to be churches; another of 1,173 people held in Washington, D. C., Novem- has six churches; another of 1,546 ber 30th to December 5, 1930.

people has six churches; another This is a part of the inclusive of 1,400 has seven churches. Five Year Program and is to be These are enough to show the the outstanding event of the entire seriousness of over-churching in undertaking. It is a part of the

educational side of the program. the best method of getting the There will be held in each state, cause before the Church so as to conferences both state and local, to secure a response in prayer, symreview the results of the surveys, pathy, life and money. and create sentiment favorable to the indicated needed adjustments. COMMISSION III is making an But in addition to these state and exhaustive study of Cooperation in regional conferences, the Washing- Home Missions. Dr. Kenyon L. ton Congress is needed for a more Butterfield, Ex-president of Michithorough-going study of the entire gan State College of Agriculture is Task of Home Missions as we face the chairman, and with him are it today. This is intended more for associated more than thirty men the leaders of Home Mission work; and women who are going into a those who are charged with policies very extended study of the whole and programs of administration question of cooperation in the and direction. Home Missionary Enterprise. They will bring to the Congress for dis. Three large commissions have cussion some very constructive and been at work for a year and will statesmanlike recommendations. continue their studies for nearly two more years, gathering data The purpose of the Congress is preparatory to the Congress. Their a serious attempt to reevaluate the reports will furnish the basis of the task of Home Missions and, in the deliberation of the Congress. light of present day conditions in the church and in the country, to COMMISSION I, of Which Rev. suggest better ways of doing the William Adams Brown, D.D. is work. The Congress is to be a chairman, is studying The Task deliberative body-not a mass and Administration of Home Mis- meeting. The representation will sions. This Commission of fifty be limited to about 500 members, carefully selected men and women who will be very carefully selected are rethinking the entire subject of by the participating denomina- Home Missions. In the light of sur- tions. The Congress will open on veys and special investigations Sunday afternoon, November 30th they are making, the Commission with an address by the President will redefine the task as it is today of the Congress and the business and will indicate the changes and sessions will continue from Monadjustments needed in the adminis- day morning, December 1st tration of the task. through Friday the 5th.

COMMISSION II is studying the This Five Year Program is a best methods, ways and means of new thing in Home Missions. It is Publicity and Promotion of Home our hope that this comprehensive Missions. With Rev. Charles study will result in a great for· Stelzle, the chairman, are asso- ward step on the part of Amerciated thirty men and women spe- ican Protestantism, along the line cialists in these lines. Their task of a cooperative approach to its is to bring to the Congress a care- common task of giving the Gospel ful survey of the scope and purpose in the most attractive and compel. of publicity and suggestions as to ling way to the unreached people of this country.

A CONTRAST IN CONDITIONS IN

BY GEORGE A. HUNTLEY, M.D., Shanghai, China Mis8ionary 0/ the America·n Baptist Po reign Mission kJocietYJ 1889 T HE earnest student of mis- Canton, though his being a mis- sions in China is tempted to sionary would have debarred him, feel discouraged as he con- but because he was the official intemplates the unaccomplished task. terpreter and translater of the There is "much land yet to be pos- East India Company, he was per- sessed," for many fields are not mitted to live in Canton for a few only unoccupied but unclaimed by months of each year. He and other any missionary society. Tribal lan- foreigners were permitted on guages are still unconquered and Chinese territory only from the not even reduced to writing. There arrival of the fleet of the East India are aboriginal tribes as yet unevan- Company to the time of its sailing gelized and millions of Moslems to again, the intervening months be- whom the Gospel has never been ing spent in Macao, which is Por- preached. Moreover missionaries tuguese territory. When Mr. and have recently been compelled to Mrs. Milne attempted to join Mor- leave their stations and the tide of rison as missionaries six years anti-Christian propaganda has later, they were not allowed to rethreatened to destroy the work. side either in Canton or Macao, but At such a time it is helpful to were compelled to settle in Malacca.

review the signs of progress dur- Today, in spite of internal revoing one hundred and twenty years lutions, China is open everywhere, of missionary endeavor. and missionaries reside in every province. All important centres of Robert Morrison once wrote a population and every strategic pobooklet entitled "The First Fifteen sition is occupied by representa- Years of the China Mission." He tives of Christ. felt an answer was necessary to the queries of critics and friends as to For many decades the province what Christian missions had ac- of Hunan boasted that no "foreign complished. It was necessary also devil" was allowed to reside within "to disarm the hostile cavils of its borders. Men like'Dorward, of some, to reanimate the desponding the China Inland Mission, Alexanhearts of others and to excite grati- der, of the Christian and Missiontude to God our Saviour for what ary Alliance and Griffith John of He has wrought." It is the present the London Missionary Society writer's humble hope and prayer used all kinds of strategy and darthat this brief review will serve a ing, and frequently were in peril similar purpose. of their lives, but the gates of Hunan remained tightly closed. The Great Field In the capital, Changsha, there In 1807 China was both legally Jived a man, Cheo-Han, who carand practically closed to the bearer ried on a nation-wide anti-foreign of Glad Tidings. Francis Xavier and anti-Christian campaign by labored in vain to enter China. means of large colored posters Morrison was allowed to live in which he printed from wooden 689 3

blocks. One of these posters repre- aration for this new and wonderful sented the missionary doctor kid- opportunity, was shot and killed by napping children and gouging out Chinese bandits.

their eyes and hearts to make China and its dependencies, medicine. Foreigners were depict- tightly closed to the Christian mis- ed as subjected to terrible tortures sionary and his message in 1807, by the citizens of the Celestial Em- have been open for many years, pire. Worst of all, this emissary and the recent Bolshevik propa- of Satan used a play upon words to ganda has proved to be only a tem- degrade the name of our Lord in porary setback.

the eyes of the Chinese. His car- The Church and the Missionaries toons pictured a "pig" a word similar in sound to that for Lord cru- The spirit of those who send out cified upon a cross, before which missionaries has undergone some foreigners prostrated themselves in remarkable changes during a cenworship, and into which Chinese tury and two decades. Although soldiers shot their arrows and Morrison did not meet the rebuff prodded their spears. that Carey met from the Church, In those' days the prayer most and while the London Missionary frequently upon the lips of inter- Society accepted Morrison readily, cessors for China was "God open there was much apathy and oppo- Hunan." Prayer prevailed. Cheo- sition in the home Church to For- Han was arrested and imprisoned eign Missions, and the income for by the Chinese Government as a the work was pitifully small.

menace to International Relations. Today some members of Amer- His wooden blocks were burned, his ican churches do not believe in printing presses were confiscated Foreign Missions but the Church and his house subsequently became generally is loyal to Christ's a repository of the American Bible marching orders: "Go . . . preach Society. Thus from the very place the Gospel to every creature."

from which issued for many years There are many missionary volun- a foul stream which poisoned the teers, though fewer than a decade minds of Chinese everywhere, there ago. Indeed, if a man doesn't be- issued a stream of life, carrying lieve in missions today it is com- with it God's blessing to countless mon to question whether he is millions. Hunan thus became fully really a Christian. "He that hath opened for missionary work. not the spirit of Christ is none of For decades prayer ascended for His."

"The Great Closed Land" of Tibet. Transportation to the field is Daring missionaries worked for also very different from what it years to penetrate this stronghold, was at the beginning of the nine- first from China, then from India, teenth century. Then the East In- only to meet with failure. The late dia Company refused to allow mis- Dr. A. L. Shelton, reaching Llassa, sionaries to sail, either to India or was able to render medical service China, on any British vessel, and to the Dalai Lama and received an Morrison was compelled to sail to invitation from this ruler to open New York in order to secure pas- a dispensary in the Capital. This sage to China.

intrepid brother, while on his way The journey to China occupied to the coa~ to make adequate prep- seven months and involved weeks

A CONTRAST IN CONDITIONS IN CHINA

of intense suffering and weariness. to count the cost and having come He records in his diary March 29, to a resolution, to act consistently."

1807 (Sunday) "I stood on the The heroic spirit has been abun- deck until I was completely dantly manifested before and after drenched, assisting in my poor way the Boxer and in the recent dis- to take in the last rag of sail, and turbances, when workers have re- pump the ship." The journey of quested to be sent back to stations Dr. and Mrs. Milne occupied ten where they have been mobbed and months frQm Portsmouth to insulted, and their lives threatened.

Macao. Children of missionaries also, upon These experiences sound strange receiving appointments for foreign to missionaries who travel today service, have requested to be sent on large palatial ocean liners, with to those same stations where their electric fans in stateroom, refriger- devoted parents were tortured or ation which provides fresh meat, massacred.

fruit and vegetables throughout Today though foreign consuls the whole voyage and wireless com- have requested missionaries to munication, providing the more evacuate their posts because of important items of world news danger, many elected to remain at daily, and by means of which help their own risk, so that they may can be summoned in case of dan- care for the work.

der. Travel by the Siberian route The missionary of today is also from London to Shanghai occu- well prepared spiritually, intellec- pies only fourteen and one half tually and physically as was Morri- days and travel by the new air son for his collossal task, and only service is expected to take passen- the very best are good enough for gers from London to Peking in China's New Day. Like Morrison, seven days. we are not narrowly sectarian but These more rapid modes of recognize only two divisions of our transportation not only bring the fellowmen, "those who fear God missionary speedily to his field of and those who do not." The big- service, but keep him in closer oted, narrow missionary has no contact with his home base. A place in China today but he must century ago it sometimes took two be prepared to deliver a positive full years to receive replies to and clear Gospel message.

letters. The Rev. E. Stanley Jones, Fortunately there is still the found his health failing, his work same pioneer missionary spirit and disappointing and himself utterly willingness to offer a life of sacri- discouraged as he tried to hold an fice. Morrison while preparing for extended line which took in every- Christian work wrote: "Jesus, I thing in his message from Genesis have given myself up to Thy serv- to Revelation and included western ice . . . where shall I serve Thee? civilization and the various dogmas . . . My desire is oh Lord, to en- and creeds of his branch of the gage where laborers are most Christian church. He shortened wanted, perhaps one part of the his line to two words "JESUS field is more difficult than another, CHRIST," with the remarkable re- I am equally unfit for any … but sults.

through Thy strengthening me, I One change in missionary per- can do all things, . . . enable me sonnel has been remarkable. In

1807 there were no women mis- their persons, intending to commit sionaries. When Morrison mar- suicide, if caught, rather than subried he had to leave his young wife mit to the tender mercies of the in Macao for six months at a time authorities. When Wells Williams, while he continued his work in an American missionary, joined Canton where neither "women nor Morrison in 1833, his teacher took arms" were allowed. unusual precautions, lest some un- friendly person should discover In 1830 conditions were almost what he was doing, and each time intolerable. As a new missionary he visited his pupil, he placed a wrote: "With the exception of a lady's shoe on the table and, if a prison it would probably be diffi- stranger entered, pretended he was cult to find a better preparation selling foreign shoes. for the enjoyment of verdant scenery, invigorating breezes, bod- Chinese books had to be purily recreation and female society chased for a foreigner by stealth, than a residence in Canton." and booksellers who sold them would be subjected to severe pun- The English Superintendent of ishment if discovered. Trade once defied the authorities and brought his wife on shore with Morrison constantly advocated him and then placed a cannon, the establishment of a Language which he brought from the vessel, School, where missionaries could at the door to prevent the Chinese be in residence to learn Chinese and attempting her expulsion. his wish has been abundantly ful- filled in these days, by schools in Morrison early recognized that many large centers, such as Nanif Chinese spiritual needs were to king, Soochow, Canton and Peking be met women workers must be (P'eping). Teachers are plentiful sent out. Today out of 7,500 and are no longer considered crimforeign workers in China nearly inals. 5,000 are women. The Barrier of Idolatry The Language Problem When Robert Morrison was ar- At the beginning of the nine- ranging for his passage to China, teenth century the Chinese lan- in the shipping office in New York guage was considered well nigh City, the shipowner turned about unconquerable. As one of the early and with a grin said: "And so Mr. translators said: "It is the work Morrison, you really expect that for men with bodies of brass, lungs you will make an impression on the of steel, heads of oak, eyes of idolatry of the great Chinese Emeagles, memories of angels, pa- pire." "No sir," said Morrison, tience of Job, hearts of Apostles "but I expect God will." and lives of Methuselah." This man of large faith and Chinese were prohibited from vision, as he finished his translateaching the language to a for- tion of the Scriptures, said: "I eigner under penalty of death. trust that the gloomy darkness of Morrison was obliged to pay his pagan scepticism will be dispelled teachers large sums as the finan- by the Dayspring from on High, cial argument was most convinc- and that the guilded idols of ing. But his teachers lived in Buddha, and the numberless imconstant fear of arrest and torture. ages which fill the land, will some They always carried poison on

A CONTRAST IN CONDITIONS IN CHINA

day assuredly fall to the ground, had the joy of baptizing. When before the face of God's Word, as Morrison passed to his reward in the idol Dagon fell before the ark." 1834, after twenty-seven years of Today hundreds of thousands of service, Protestant Christians in Chinese have "turned to God from China could be counted on the idols," and the priests of Buddha, fingers of his hands.

who in Morrison's day, felt abso- Tsae A-ko was "the grain of lutely sure of their ground and mustard seed" which was to "be- looked with the utmost disdain come a tree." The six converts of upon the Christian missionary, find 1842 have grown to a half million it necessary today to bolster up Protestant Chinese church mem- their crumbling superstitions, by bers with a Christian community imitating the missionaries' meth- of a million or more. These include ods. They have established Young many influential people. The China Men's Buddhist Associations and Weekly Review took a nation-wide are even teaching children to sing straw vote upon the twelve most to a familiar tune: "Buddha loves popular men in China with the re- me, this I know." sult that four of them proved to be When in 1905 the Empress outstanding Christian men while Dowager, with a stroke of the pen, five of the others were known to be consigned to the scrap heap an sympathetic to Christianity.

educational system that had lasted Today, taking China as a whole, nearly two thousand years, many about one in every thousand is a temples were emptied of their idols Christian church member and and converted into schools. Many among the Chinese leaders who en- of the idols were thrown out and joy the confidence and esteem of allowed to disintegrate. The great the people, one in every three is a temple bell, which the priest used follower of the Lord Jesus Christ.

to ring to tell the god that a wor- The Christian Mission Schools have shipper knelt at the altar, is rung provided twenty-five per cent of today by the school master to sum- the constructive leadership in mon the boys and the girls to China.

school. Chinese Christian Workers The day is dawning when the prophesy shall be fulfilled in China, In 1807 there was not one Prot- "The idols shall be utterly abol- estant native worker in all China.

ished," for enlightened Chinese It was not until Morrison had will not continue to bow before toiled ten years that he was privi- senseless blocks of wood and stone. leged to ordain the first Chinese The great question is: Will agnos- preacher Liang A-fa. He suffered ticism and atheism or the Gospel much bitter persecution, and be- of Christ take the place of these cause he prepared and printed a ancient superstitions? tract, he was cast into prison and The Growth of Christianity beaten with a bamboo until his flesh was raw.

In 1807 there was not one Prot- Today there are tens of thou- estant convert in all China. The sands of Chinese Christian men first man to embrace the Christian serving as preachers and pastors, faith was Tsae A-ko, whom Mor- evangelists and colporters, physi- rison, after seven years of service, cians and hospital technicians, sem-

inary professors and school teach- The Chinese Christians are iners. Also a great band of Christian terpreting Christ in a way that women are doctors and nurses, might be expected may send back teachers and Bible women, social to the West the vital religion which service and Y. W. C. A. workers. we seem to be in danger of losing.

About twenty-five years ago a The Scriptures in China Methodist missionary at Kuling, preached a sermon on "The Chi- A century ago translation was in nese Worker" in which the Chinese its infancy in China and was prachelper was compared to a bruised tically limited to the rendering of reed with whom the missionary the Buddhist Books into Chinese. must be indulgent and patient. The preacher said "There is one thing One of the greatest difficulties you cannot do to a bruised reed, encountered by the early transyou cannot lean upon it," and ex- lators was to secure a sympathetic pressed his regret that so far we teacher. No Chinese scholar was have failed to produce native work- connected with the Christian ers who are capable of taking church. The teacher was heathen and was apt to fail to understand responsibility. the real sense of the sacred page, Today the term "native helper" for these things are "spiritually discerned." is almost obsolete for these men are becoming self-reliant pastors and For sixteen years Morrison trusted leaders in an independent toiled before he issued his first translation of the Bible in the church. Chinese language, in twenty-one In 1890 only one Chinese dele- volumes.

gate attended the missionary con- Today, we have a complete Bible ference in Shanghai, all the others in Chinese in one volume, and a being foreigners. In the next con- great band of Christian Chinese ference held in 1907, there was a translate and write Christian books large sprinkling of Chinese dele- and live out the truth in their own gates, while in the conference of lives. Then there was only one ver- 1922, more than one half of the sion, now the Book is translated twelve hundred delegates were into thirty-nine different dialects.

Chinese. In 1812 an edict was issued by The chairman of this conference the Chinese Government, making it a capital crime to print books upon was the Rev. ChengChing-Yi, D.D., the Christian religion in Chinese. and much of the most valuable The printers who printed this work undertaken by various com- early translation ran terrible risks mittees was done by Chinese, nota- and adopted various methods to bly "the message of the Church to avoid detection. The Chinese of- China," whose chairman was the ficials one day raided the printing Rev. Timothy Lew. One sentence office and confiscated all the wooden has become a slogan and deserves printing blocks they could find. to be broadcast in letters of gold: The rest that were hidden away "SHE SHALL TEACH HER in a corner for safety, were de- MEMBERS TO AGREE TO DIF- voured by white ants. The printer FER BUT RESOLVE TO LOVE." moved his establishment to Macao Another Chinese preacher appro- but the Portuguese authorities priately added "AND UNITE TO SERVE."

A CONTRAST IN CONDITIONS IN CHINA

closed his press because he pub- In 1916, a young Chinese named lished "certain works contrary to Hu-Suh, received the degree of the doctrines of the Roman Cath- Ph.D. at Columbia University. Re- olic church." turning to China and taking a Today the largest press in China position on the FacuIty of the is conducted by Chinese Christians. Government University of Pe- The metal type used is proof king, he set to work to revolu- against white ants and no printer tionize the literature of China.

would fear to print anything the His war cry was "No dead lan- missionary might bring to him. guage can produce a living litera- The Presbyterian Press, the Na- ture" and his constructive policy tional Society Press, the Religious may be summed up in this motto: Tract Society Press and the Amer- "Produce literature in the National ican Baptist Publication Society language and you will have a Na- print scriptures, tracts and va- tional language of literary worth."

rious Christian books by the tens His daring program met with of millions. the severest opposition from the The edition of the first Bible conservatives, who said, that it was consisted of only one thousand impossible to express the subtili- copies and 'was disposed of mainly ties of Chinese philosophy in the along the coast and in Malacca. On vulgar tongue. Dr. Hu-Suh wrote March 24,1822, Morrison wrote to the "History of Chinese Philos- the American Bible Society: "The ophy" in the people's language; free dissemination of the Bible in scholars admitted their defeat and China is as yet impracticable which the victory was won. Books and is also the case with all books which newspapers now are published in exhibit the claims of Jesus and the people's language almost ex- treat of His salvation." In the clusively, and the wisdom of Mor- year 1925 eight million copies of rison and the missionaries who the scriptures and scripture por- have succeeded him is generally tions were distributed in China and recognized. The new phonetic in the year 1926 the number script has also been introduced and reached eleven million copies. enables illiterate Chinese to learn The Literary Revolution to read in a few weeks.

In the middle ages books in Other Important Changes Europe were all published in Latin, In 1807 there were no Christian so in China, every respectable book chapels, churches, colleges nor was written in the classical wen-li, schools in China. There were no rather than in a language of the dispensaries, hospitals nor asy- common people. lums in China even when Morrison This classical Chinese took died in 1834.

twenty years to acquire and was Today these institutions can be only understood by a privileged numbered by the tens of thousands, few. Morrison decided to translate while more than a million pupils the scriptures into the language are studying in schools established that the people understood, and by Christians.

had the courage to sacrifice what In those early days foreigners the literati caned "elegance" for were not allowed to ride in a sedan the sake of "intelligibility." chair or to take a boat for a pleas-

ure trip upon the river. Such travel the most, but in the sense that de luxe was reserved for the sub- gives most and serves best." jects of the Son of Heaven and was not to be desecrated by barbarians These Christian principles, handfrom "tributary nations." ed down to us from our forebears will succeed also in China, for the An S. O. S. Call great changes that have already come in that land are due largely, As the nineteenth century if not mainly, to the influence of dawned, China was fast asleep and the Christian message. had been so for hundreds of years. "There was no thirst for any lore During thirty-five years that I outside of the lore of Cathay. The have spent in and for China, I have western man and western teaching seen institution after institution were held in supreme contempt." fall into decay, but the Gospel has steadily prospered. It has proved Now this mighty land is wide to be "the power of God." awake, stretching out her hands in earnest appeal for the knowledge China has passed through many which has made western nations changes and has discarded many strong. institutions. The Manchu Dynasty is gone; the Monarchial system of If America and Great Britain Government is a thing of the past; enjoy any real greatness today, ancestral worship, which has prethey owe it not to inventive genius, vented progress in China for so to industrial plants, to railroads, many centuries has been razed to nor to wealth, but they owe their the ground; the ancient system of position and power to the Christian education, lasting nearly two thouprinciples, which our forefathers sand years, has disappeared. But taught them. The Cross it standeth fast, Hallelujah! A Chinese student when visiting Defying every blast, Hallelujah! an American State Legislature was The wind of scorn hath blown, asked to open the session with The world its hate hath shown, prayer. This is his petition: Yet i.t i.s not overthrown, HOh God, Father of all nations, Hallelujah for the Cross! Thou hast chosen America as the land in which to experiment with One hundred and twenty-two political democracy for the ex- years ago no enterprize on earth ample of other people in other could have seemed more hopeless lands. Help these lawmakers to than the physical and spiritual make America the finest land in transformation of China. The task the world to live in, the finest, not is not complete and for a long time because of comfort or luxury, but Christian mlsslOnaries will be because it is the place where men needed to give our best to China: can do and serve most. Help them "More workers and better work, to make America the greatest na- more Chapels and better preaching, tion in the world, not in the sense more Hospitals and better doctorthat other nations may fear her ing, more Schools and better teachmost because of her power, but in ing, more Books and better writthe sense that she be loved most ing, more of Spirit of the living because of her great heart; not in Christ, and better Christian living the sense that she has most or gets and more generous Christian giv- ing."

AND ITS FUTURE *

BY REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D.D., Sitapur, India I N SOUTH INDIA there is a danger of Christian missions in In- series of temples enclosed by a dia is syncretism-the mingling of great wall. At one end is a differing religious systems. That temple dedicated to the worship is what the Brahmo Somaj stands or the cobra; at the other end for-they want us to agree that stands a temple dedicated to the Christ is a way and not the Way.

worship of Ramanuja-the highest That is the field on which the battle and purest form of Monotheism in of the immediate future will be Hindu theology. Between these fought. Today they have in India extremes are graduations from a reverence for Christ. We must cobra worship up to this high ideal. now go deeper and teach them the The wall surrounding all these realization of Christ. Admiration temples is Hinduism. It encloses must deepen to adoration.

everything from cobra worship to I would like to see the Mission- the cult of Ramanuja. It is possi- ary Societies of America and Eng- ble for the foreign observer to fas- land send to India a type of mind ten on the cobra worship and say, that is capable of being modified "This is India." On the other hand, on the field. In Moffat's transla- it is possible to fasten on the tem- tion of the Epistles, St. Paul writes pIe at the other end of the enclosure to his converts, "Don't be called and claim that it represents India. fathers. Don't be called teachers Neither gives a true picture of Hin- -I know, and you don't. Don't duism; you must include the whole be called leaders-I lead, and you collection within the walls in your follow; but set out to be called presentation. servants. That is the only attitude The most difficult task of Chris- I can trust you with. The other tian missions in India is yet to attitudes work out in a non-Chris- come. What we have done so far tian way." If you train up young has gone with the stream of India. people to be leaders and half-a-doz- It is the genius of Hinduism to add. en come together, you get a series It has always been willing to take of clashes. It is only through serv- in. Where it has lacked has been ice that we gain leadership. You in the power of eliminating. To cannot train people to be leaders.

add one more deity would not be You can only train people to be a big strain on the soul of India. servants. Leadership is a by-prod- Christ might be added very easily, uct; and renunciation is the path provided you leave it at that. But by which alone true leadership can when you insist that Christ is not be reached. If men come out to only a way but the Way, that goes India self-renounced, ready to lose against the grain in India; that is themselves so as to find themselves, where you come to the crux of the they will become leaders. The day matter-the Cross. The battle is of the master in the East is gone, now being waged. The greatest the day of the servant is just dawn- Rc:::J~rA:~~~r o~:!r~:ti~~~t~/nD;~jO!::h:i~i:~ ing.

~it~n t~~tf~",},~~S w'::li~o~"a~e;aln jL~~':i~I~~tS had India's contribution to the con- ception of Christ is, perhaps, best 697

illustrated by pointing to two char- years ago. St. Paul's groups were acters. The first is Naraya Tilak, ready for self-government immedithe Marathi poet. He is a truly In- ately. But we, in India, did not dian soul, practically untainted by start that way. We built up a vast system which must be overturned Westernism or by the Western when self-government com e s . wrappings of Christianity. But he Large sec t ion s of the Indian is passionately Christian, and his Church are self-governing already. spirit has burst out in poetry. In In the Methodist Episcopal misthat poetry is a mysticism and pas- sions there are two ways in which sionate devotion to Christ that is self-government is being granted. extraordinarily impressive. A Hin- One section turns over completely du said to me one day, "I want to from a mission to a church. In see a man mad with Christ." Tilak the second case, where the church has been caught up in that flame; exists already, the foreigners are yet within it was that quiet poise replaced with Indians. At present which showed in contemplation the Indian Church is taking as round three words–<ievotion, con- much self-government as it wants. templation, simplicity. And a I think the greatest lack in modfourth might be added-the rein- ern Christianity is in our failure terpretation of the Cross until the to experience Pentecost. We are whole self-life is crucified on it; between Easter and .t'entecost. We the idea that we are lost and He have a wistful Christianity that is lives. I think that is the type of wanting something; but it is not contribution India will make to the abundant, assured, conquering. I common stock of Christianity. would be willing to die if I could make that contribution-the redis- I think that probably if we had covery of the radiance that emastarted somewhat differently in In- nated from Pentecost. dia, the Indian Church would have been ready for self-government TESTIMONIES TO MISSIONS IN INDIA T HE Right Honourable Srinivasa Sastri, P.C., who has been Agent- General for India in South Africa, and is not himself a Christian, in a lecture on Christianity in Capetown, said: "It would take too long to recite the vast services that Christian missionaries have rendered in my country. Hundreds and thousands of my countrymen have been educated in Christian colleges and schools; hundreds and thousands of them have found relief in Christian hospitals; hundreds and thousands have been given help in time of distress through fire or flood. The Missions are more to us in these respects than the secular institutions for which the British are responsible."

Lord Lytton, who was born in India, and has been Permanent Under-Secretary of State for India, Governor of Bengal, as well as Viceroy, speaking at a men's luncheon in London, said: "Compared with State institutions, the mission schools and hospitals have an atmosphere about them which is evidence that they are a work of love. You feel that there is the personal touch there, and you can read in the eyes of patients in hospitals that they are being ministered to and not merely housed."

JAMES L. BARTON AND THE N. E. R. *

BY DOROTHY P. CUSHING I F Dr. James L. Barton ever dollars, has been no small part of writes a book on "Famous Peo- this stupendous endeavor. ple I Have Met," and he might Dr. Barton is responsible for the well add, "And Conquered," it will statement that "over $88,000,000 be a best seller of first magnitude. in cash has been received at the From General Allenby to Herbert national office in New York, re- Hoover, up or down, according to ceipted for and appropriated. In your nationality; from Ambassa- addition to this the United States dor to railway conductor or the Government gave $12,800,000 in chauffeurs of a fleet of sea-going food supplies, while American rail- Ford trucks, he meets them in a roads, the United States Govern- gracious, courtly manner, but with ment, and other Governments of a very human twinkle in his keen countries in which the Near East blue eyes which indicates a warm Relief has operated have contrib- and understanding nature and uted more than $5,000,000 in sup- draws out their confidence and al- plies and free service."

legiance to the cause he is serving. "Off the train at Tiflis utter the No, it makes no difference to Dr. words 'Amerikanski Comitet' to Barton whether he tackles a Gov- the taxi driver and he will know ernor-General or the captain of a where to go," says the New York tugboat; he approaches each as a Sun. On the train to Erivan, whis- Christian gentleman and demon- per this phrase to the train constrates that his causes are worthy, ductor and immediately his efficiand that he has the business saga- ency becomes manifestly active. city and generalship to see them Say it in Leninakan and the whole through efficiently. He always goes town smiles. For Amerikanski after a GOOD thing-and gets Comitet means "Near East Relief." The same holds true in Persia, Turwhat he goes after. key, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, For thirteen years, through the Greece and Bulgaria. hectic war days in Turkey and Greece and after, Dr. James L. "Through the operations of the Barton as Chairman of the Near East Relief has guided it with a Near East Relief for the last thirsteady hand along an unswerving teen years," declares Dr. Barton, path of Christian aid to the suffer- "America has assumed the moral ing, until its work is known as the mandate of the Near East. The greatest private relief effort in his- work of this mandate, back of tory. Making a million dollar ap- which there has been no trace of propriation one hundred five times, ulterior motives or taint of political or, to be more explicit, collecting complications, has saved about two and overseeing the expenditure of million human lives. In Armenia money and resources amounting to alone the Soviet officials set 1,000,- 000 lives as the total. To this must about one hundred and five million be added what was done in Persia, in Turkey during the deportations, • From The Mi88iona1"1l Herald. in Syria and regions to which the 699

deportees were sent, in Smyrna, On September 17, 1915, Dr. Bar- during the burning of that city, and ton informed the Secretary of in Greece during the evacuation of State, Robert Lansing, that this more than a million Armenian and conference had decided to take def- Greek refugees." inite and immediate steps toward As Chairman of the Near East securing funds for relief work. He Relief, Dr. Barton has had full op- also stated that Charles R. Crane portunity to exercise that genius and James L. Barton had been sefor organization and direction that lected to come to Washington and has made him famous as a Chris- secure from the files of the State tian diplomat. Picking up a col- Department, if possible, all doculege president here and an aviator ments from Ambassador Morgenthere, commuting to Washington thau bearing on the condition of for conferences with the digni- the people in the stricken areas. taries of the nation on weighty The State Department turned problems of international signifi- over to Dr. Barton all the papers cance-it was evident from the giving information, as well as a start that James L. Barton was the private room and the services of a clerk. All day and far into the "man of the hour." night he worked. He wrote up his In August, 1915, when the im- material, sent it to the headquarpossible happened, the seething cal- ters of the infant Near East Relief dron of war and disaster in the for release to the press of the coun- Near East boiled over. Dr. Barton try and thus fired the first shot of wrote Cleveland H. Dodge, sending a publicity program that brought a similar letter to the representa- many millions of dollars. tives of the Presbyterian Board, Constantinople College, the Syrian The Armenian Relief Committee Protestant University, and Konia in 1919 was incorporated by a spe- Hospital: cial act of Congress as the Near East Relief. "General" Barton The German Ambassador told Mr. then went himself into the field to Morgenthau …… that in case of hos- map out a plan of campaign. He tilities between Germany and the United States every American institution in set sail for the Near East at the Turkey would be at once seized …… If head of three relief units, taking all missionaries and teachers and heads of institutions are withdrawn the Chris- with him fifteen complete hospital tian population will be left wholly at the mercy of the powers that be. outfits, and everything in the way of equipment from a toothbrush to The letter closed with the sug- a truck. gestion that a meeting be held to In London he held conference consider this problem on Thursday, after conference with officials rethe 26th of August, in New York garding warehouses, docks, trans~ City. Following this, on September portation, and military orders. 10th, another informal conference Viscount Bryce came from his was convened with Dr. Barton as country home to confer with Dr. Chairman. On September 14th, Barton and his party. Difficulty in however, Dr. Barton wired Mr. gaining admittance to one English Dodge: hotel was quickly adjusted when a , Am convinced early and comprehen- young British ordnance officer sive conference should be convened your office for consideration Armenian matter. earnestly remonstrated with the You are nominated convener …..• manager: "You little know what

DR. JAMES L. BARTON AND THE N. E. R

this party is. To ignore it might and when Dr. Barton returned to mean international complications!" Aleppo he carried with him a prec- In France he met more dignitaries ious military "flimsy" which read: and held more conferences. In Italy Allow Barton and his party to go he broadcasted information of the where they please. Give them no escort purpose of the movement. And and allow them to take none.

then-to the front! The American The French were eager to give Minister had been ejected from the Americans a guard and a hun- Turkey. Dr. Barton and his party dred men were ready to go into the were without military escort. interior of Turkey as an escort, but When they reached Aleppo they when the Near East Relief train were stopped by British troops un- finally steamed out of Aleppo it der orders from General AlIenby. went without guard.

Then came another series of color- Ten or twelve miles out into "No ful incidents in Dr. Barton's con- Man's Land" the train stopped sud- tact with the military. denly. They saw a group of twelve "Do you object to my going over or so of ferocious looking brigands, your head in an attempt to get Gen- armed to the teeth with guns and eral Allenby to rescind his orders?" knives, and belted with cartridges 1 asked Dr. Barton of the General in Dr. Barton approached the dele- Aleppo. gation.

"No!" was the prompt reply. Did they threaten? Shoot? No!

Dr. Barton slipped over to Cairo They bent low in long gestures of and tackled the great British com- oriental greetings. They had been mander. ordered, they said, by the Governor "I represent America-we are ot Mardin to do. everything in their not at war with this country. We power to help the party. "The Gov- are a philanthropic organization ernor will meet you in person at here to serve all who need us. I the end of the line, and you are to know the language. I have worked be his guests." All the way across in this land," he argued. the country similar parties met and "The country is full of hostile "captured" Dr. Barton. Bouquets, Arabs, Kurds, and Turks," replied gifts of food, houses, furnishings, the commander firmly. "They will and even cooks were offered the capture you as they have captured Americans. Kurds, Arabs and British officers. Then we will have Turks joined in a series of trium- to send men in to rescue you." phal welcomes.

After further discussion General To some who may have looked Allenby agreed to give his permis- upon the Near East Relief as an sion if General Clayton could be emergency move, a hectic period of won over. So Dr. Barton set out heroic measures when blood flowed, for more generals to conquer, and emaciated women and children took up the cudgels for the right dropped by the roadside, and to risk his own life and the lives of corpses lay in mounds in field and his associates, along highways, the sequel of the "We go on a peace mission," he Near East Relief is worthy of men- repeated. "We are unarmed. I do tion.

not believe that we will be cap- "The Near East Relief came .in- tured." to being," Dr. Barton reminds us, After hours the General yielded, "to meet an emergency caused by

the war. When the war was over Committee does not intend to make it found in its orphanages extend- more general appeals it is depend- ing from Turkey to Persia more ent on the generosity of the public than 100,00(J children without to stand by until it can fulfill its known relatives, and in refugee obligations to the last of its wards.

camps found 10,000 more. Most The organization which now of these were far too young to be aims to "see every child through"

cast out into a friendless world, in is called the Near East Institute.

countries and under conditions This committee has been formed which made their physical and mor- from the larger body in order to al survival humanly impossible. see these young and untrained chil- The Committee was convinced that dren safely placed, and in order to it had a moral olJligation to see take charge of the Near East In- these wards through and so placed dustries through which thousands in the community that they would of "ex-orphans" and widows make have a fair chance to survive. their living, and to help develop the Skilled social workers place these agricultural enterprises which have children in safe homes and in posi- sprung from the work.

tions where they can make good, Dr. Barton epitomizes the his- and for a year at least follow them tory of the Near East Relief in the up, for the Near East Relief con- words, "The emergency was unsiders itself in loco parentis to avoidable, the acceptance was every child. Wards cannot marry Christlike, the outcome divine."· until the committee has passed on the wives or husbands-to-be. • A survey volume called liThe Near East There are yet, after the Near and American Philanthro-py" has come from the Columbia University Press; 308 page.; East Relief has dissolved, several $3.50. The report recommends drastic changes thousand of these unrooted chil- in the emphasis of American philanthropy and dren, some of whom are under ten a new policy which involves the elosest cooperaor twelve years of age. While the tion with native governments. The stndy eon- tains reliable data of p.resent economic and social conditions in Armenia, Albania, Bul- garia, Greece, Turkey. Iraq, Palestine and Syria.

RECLAIMING THE BOYS OF CRIMINAL TRIBES IN INDIA MR. FREDERICK WEBER, an American Y. M. C. A. secretary at Lahore, recently visited a Government Criminal Tribe Settlement of several thousand people adjacent to which is a Government Industrial Boarding School for Criminal Tribe boys. These boys are taught in their earliest years to rob and steal and are praised by their parents for clever acts of robbing or thieving. In spite of the strong psychological effects produced on the youthful imagination by such treatment, the government is making valiant efforts to reclaim the younger generation of these people. Seventy-five boys who have been taken from their parents in order to remove them from this atmosphere of crime are being taught carpentry, weaving and tailoring so that they may be able later on to earn a respectable living.

The Lahore Y. M. C. A. is cooperating to help these boys. It is conducting a social and physical activities program for them, including ball games, boxing contests, and hockey. When the secretaries left, after a two-hour program, one of the boys asked, in the vernacular: "Won't you please stay here and live with us 1"

Missionary Conference of Africa where there is a great

Miss Wrong carnes from the Student THE Eighteenth Annual Conference Christian Movement of which she has of Missionary Societies in Great been one of the Missionary Secretaries Britain and Ireland was held at The and has traveled widely in Africa. The Hayes, Swanwick, from June 12th to conference also gave its approval to 15th. The two chairmen were the Rev. the suggestion that a commission W. J. Noble of the Wesleyan Method- should be appointed to enquire into the ist Missionary Society, and Canon Spanton of the Universities' Mission colleges of India. to Central Africa. About 140 members There was throughout the meetings were present, but there were no native representatives of the younger a sense of the seriousness of the preschurches in China, India and Africa. ent world situation, and there was a deep sense of the need of greater re- At the first session, the Rev. William sources in Christ than any the church Paton, one of the secretaries of the has yet claimed or experienced.

International Missionary Council, World Alliance of Reformed spoke of "The Menace of Secularism in the Near East," and pictured the Churches changes which are taking place in the The Council of the World Alliance World of Islam through the break-up of Reformed Churches met at Boston, of the old Islamic civilization. There from June 19th to 27th: the meeting is on every side a tendency for the was presided over by Dr. Charles Merle Moslem peoples to break away from d'Aubigne, of Paris. Among the subthe past, but there is little evidence of jects dealt with were the following: any wide acceptance of Christ. The The Jerusalem Council Message, the same is true all over the world in a Church and the Modern World, Womgreater or less degree. Old sanctions en's Work in the Alliance, the Record are being destroyed and the Christian of Alliance in the Religious World, people are not ready with their claim Religion in Colleges and Universities, to take the vacant place. Old syntheses Exchange of Students, Presbyterian are breaking, and ancient satisfactions Standard for the Education of the Minare not being replaced by the satisfac- isters, the Strength and Weakness of tion that comes from Christ. Turkey the Youth Movement, the Christian is seeking to order its life by adopting Home in Modern Social and Industrial a Swiss civil code, a German commer- Life, Problems of Church Union in the cial code, and an Italian criminal code, Foreign Field, the Reformed Churches but there is no evidence of any realiza- and the Lausanne Message, Essentials tion of the needs that can be supplied of the Reformed Faith and System to only by Christ. be Conserved in Proposed Church Unions, International Peace. The appointment of Miss Margaret Wrong as Secretary of the Christian Literature Bureau for Africa marked Movements 'Toward Church an important step in the united work Union of the missionary societies in America, Britain and on the Continent. This Nearly 1,100 "Pilgrims" from the Bureau will seek to provide Christian Free Churches of England, Scotland literature in the languages and dialects and Wales recently visited Canada to 703

study the functioning of the church Towards a National Church union. The group consisted, approximately, of 500 Congregationalists, 260 In South Africa at the closing ses- Methodists, 200 Presbyterians, 50 Bap- sion of the upper house of the African tists and 45 others. National Congress, held at Bloemfon- tein, the delegates devoted their atten- The Rev. A. G. Sleep declared that tion to the growing number of the United Church of Canada was one religious sects in the country for the of the greatest ecclesiastical experi- furtherance of the spiritual life of the ments ever attempted, and that the African people. The view was exsuccess of its operation would do much pressed that the time has come for the to promote denominational union in establishment of one national church Great Britain. It was intended, as a to embrace all the independent organresult of the present visit, to have in izations, and to that end it was reevery county in England an informed solved that a conference of all African central organization which would in- churches be convened to consider how terpret the church union movement of this can be achieved and to devise ways Canada. Dr. J. D. Jones, says that and means of establishing a national there has already been steady prog- college for the training of African ress, resulting in a tacit understand- clergy. This resolution was referred ing among the denominations so that to the executive of the African Nationdenominational rivalry in Great Brit- al Congress, with power to act. The ain is now becoming a thing of the outcome of this resolution will be past. watched with interest.

In India an important report on the An Institute for Race Relations unity of the churches has just been published and will be presented to the With a view to the further study of Anglican Church, the Methodist Epis- racial relations in South Africa and copal Church and the United Church the coordination of effort for the betof South India, for discussion and if terment of conditions of life among accepted, the United Church of South non-Europeans, a non-political "South India will be the first to have bridged African Institute for Racial Relations" the gulf separating the Free Churches has been formed with Dr. C. T. Loram from the Anglican. The question of as chairman. The committee consists the episcopate has been the chief diffi- of prominent men of both races, inculty. The suggested solution provides cluding Professor Jabavu, of South that the synod will be the chief legis- African Native College, Fort Hare. lative and practical authority in the The institute will investigate social, future United Church, with the bishop economic and other problems, and will as the main administrative officer of aim at the dissemination of informathe Synod, and with special authority tion concerning the non-European in matters affecting faith and worship. races of South Africa, and the encour- The report expresses the hope that the agement of agricultural development. United Church of South India will lead The organization of health facilities to the establishment of one church and the provision of recreational, eduthroughout the whole country. A con- cational and religious agencies will ference has recently been held at Luck- likewise come within its province. The now for the promotion of church union Committee has appointed Mr. Rheinin North India and was attended by hallt Jones, of the University of Witrepresentatives of the Methodist Epis- watersrand, to the post of adviser on copal Church, the Wesleyan and Bap- race relations, with the special duty of tist Churches, the United Church of assisting bodies engaged in work tend- North India, the Church of the Dis- ing towards better race relationships. ciples of Christ, the Brotherhood He will assume his responsibilities Church, and the Wesleyan Methodist early in 1930. Church.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions THE NEW STEWARDSHIP short cut to church finance whereby the METHODS few but fortunate groups that follow By HARVEY REEVES CALKINS, D.D. it are enabled to meet their local and It is a joy to know that I am not benevolence budgets with smiling ease.

expected to discourse on get-rich-quick Church finance, in its stewardship methods of church finance. Rather, I connotations, is nothing less than the am invited to write on the spiritual, Christian interpretation of property social, and economic implications of itself. It means, and will continue to the stewardship message of American mean, that church finance is freed Protestantism, a message which is but from petty and worrisome devices beginning its prophetic and creative whose appeal is to the smaller rather sweep through our generation. than the larger motives of men and women; but, vastly more than pro- Even so one can hardly overlook the grams and plans, it signifies the triamazing financial development within umphant way of Christ in the midst the American churches whereby the of human affairs. If it is to be realreceipts of a group of fifteen denomi- ized, we must know that Stewardship nations for the cause of Foreign Mis- Methods refer to spiritual and mental sions has been increased from five and attitudes no less than to outward ada quarter millions at the beginning of ministrations. Two of these are here the century to more than five times written down, Discovery and Courage. that amount this year. The influence I. First of all, we must discover, of the organized stewardship move- in ourselves and in our generation, ment is registered in the treasuries of that multitudes of Christians have not all the boards, and it looks as though yet made practical alignment of their the American churches have embarked faith with the social and economic on a voyage of spiritual discovery. standards of J.esus.

The analogy is exactly that. When Two considerations will obscure this Columbus set sail in the summer of unwelcome discovery: (1) Many 1492, it was his expectation to find a Christians are accustomed to set be- "short cut" to the East Indies. He fore themselves the purpose of acbrought back with him much gold, but quiring riches with the sincere probably never realized that a new expectation of using their entire continent had been opened to the wealth, apart from a wholesome comworld. He died in the vain imagina- petency for their families, for the tion that Europe had found vast en- furtherance of wide and generous richment through the alluring, but philanthropy; and (2) multitudes of dubious method of sharing what bold Christians, whose ability and opporvoyagers might bring back from the tunity preclude the reasonable expecmysterious West. He never knew that tation of acquiring riches, are the western continent itself would re- governed by the same attitude toward create the world's philosophy of life. life and possessions as that which ani- mates the minds of those who are far The churches are but now discov- advanced in the pursuit of riches. ering that the dynamic stewardship message of our generation is not a 705 4

Therefore, as it seems to many, Ameri- cial and economic relationships as are can civilization is already largely ac- involved in property, value, income, tuated by a Christian view of life. work, leisure, obligation, organization, But two other considerations will acknowledgment.

brush away the mental haze which so In this brief resume none of these easily clouds over our perceptions: relationships can be discussed, further (1) In the complex life of the modern than to suggest that all such terms of business world, Christian men and business and finance thrill with an un- women find themselves, without active seen spiritual presence.

volition on their part, enmeshed in a Take, for instance, the spiritual con- philosophy of ownership whose ori- tent of acknowledgment. Though ex- gins and sanctions are historically pa- pressed in economic terms, it brings gan. (2) In the midst of an economic swift realization of the Supreme Per- order, whose standards of acquisition son in the world of persons, and, there- and administration are based on the with, it connotes the social responsibil- profit motive, Christian men and wom- ity of Christian men. They are God's en (for more than forty per cent of representatives in the world. Money American invested wealth is in the rightfully becomes the symbol of spir- hands of women) are ensnared by the itual power because it has been made ancient yet evil counsel-that a friend- the vehicle of spiritual experience.

ly purpose of ultimately doing good But notice how pole-wide is the dis- removes the sting from the self-seek- tance between this and the revenue- ing and often unfriendly methods of producing interpretation which some- the actual business world. times passes as one of the stewardship However, if the business world, as principles of the Protestant Churches.

exemplified in ourselves and others, The setting apart of a definite portion does not enable us to make the needed of income, in acknowledgment of the discovery, the churches will jar us supreme dominion of God, searches out broad awake. (1) In order that they the ethical sources of income as the may be prepared to do the greater good spectrum of a pin-point of light – surely an exalted motive – the searches out the chemical constituents churches have not been unwilling to of the sun; for the portion represents receive from their members a portion the whole; it thus becomes a pledge of the proceeds of our unbrotherly that the whole of income shall be ac- social order, and have not been dili- quired with "justice, and mercy, and gent to declare the whole counsel of faith," and that it shall be adminis- God in the realm of property, income, tered as a social trust.

industry, and business.. (2) The So- Only as it thus registers a purpose cial Ideals of the Churches, though of personal and social righteousness formally accepted as a statement of does the separated portion become a .principles, are hampered and often storehouse from which, in personal nullified in actual realization by the in- and social administration, the churches herited attitudes of Christian people, and other institutions of religious and and by the discrimination in many spiritual culture may expect to receive churches as between "spiritual reli- commensurate and worthy support.

gion" and what is often termed "the And this very fact searches out the so-called social gospe!." worship, fellowship, doctrine, and pro- II. Second, we must have within gram of the churches, as already it has ourselves, and stimulate in the mind of searched out the ethical sources of in- our generation, the courage which sees come; it insures for the churches fi- that the historic faith of the church delity to the spiritual and social ideals can be realized in the fresh and vivid of Jesus.

terms of modern life; especially must As with acknowledgment, so also we have courage to see that the Chris- with property, value, income and all tian faith can be realized in such so- the other human-relationship terms of

METHODS FOR WORKERS

the business and industrial world; it is given personal and close attention.

they are crowded with spiritual mean- Here, finally, is a strong tower for ing. Realizing, thus, the actual and Christian men and women "when the modern meaning of the Christian blast of the terrible ones is as a storm faith, men and women who know some- against the wall." The church herself thing of the meaning of faith's reality need never fear but that bread shall will refuse to remain caught in a pa- be given her, that her waters shall be gan philosophy of property, they will sure, that her place of defense shall be be spiritually strengthened to continue as the munitions of rocks. It is those in our present "acquisitive society" yet who set themselves to follow the ethics not be of it, and they will become cre- of Jesus who need the church's encour- ative factors in bringing to pass the agement and support in the midst of Kingdom of God among men. the social and economic problems of III. Where, in all this, is that per- modern civilization. Such faithful ennial problem of Kingdom support stewards will never forget the church which has perplexed so many devoted and her program; but as for the laymen, and has given so many anxious church, she may yet know the stern joy hours to the women of all the of cutting down her budgets that she churches? It is a gladness to suggest may walk shoulder to shoulder with that the solution is already at hand. her heroic sons and daughters who Stewardship reaches men in their have taken their economic life in their social and economic relationships be- hands that they may work out the new fore it really takes hold of them in (yet old!) program of the Kingdom in their church affiliations. For this very the midst of life's affairs.

reason, when men and women recog- nize the spiritual content of property A WORLD FELLOWSHIP and the social implications of owner- DEMONSTRATION ship, their church loyalties become creative. They, themselves, become (Short-effective) pioneers in the Kingdom of God. Flag Raising at the National Meeting of The Women's Missionary Association Church and mission "support" is no of the United Brethren in Christ longer named as a church objective; it emerges as a corollary of the main By JANET GILBERT, Secy. of Otterbein Guild proposition. And the main proposition is this: God recognized and acknowl- "It was one of the most colorful and edged in the realm of material value. impressive dramatizations I have ever It is here that church finance rises seen." This sentiment was heard on from its uncomfortable corner in the every hand after the presentation of Committee on Ways and Means and "The Flag Raising" at our biennial takes its rightful place at the center of board meeting.

the Church's Message. And here is The auditorium in which it was giv- the reason why men and women be- en seemed ideal, for the platform was come interested-I mean interested- spacious, with steps at each side, and, in the practical problem of Kingdom at the rear of the platform, there was support: it has emerged out of life a balcony which was used to advan- itself. Therefore, the problem is given tage.

first hand attention as are all the pri- As the strains of music from the mary considerations of life. In a word, violin and piano were heard, two girls economic relationships in their true in white flaring robes took their places, and spiritual perspective means to men one on each side of the platform at the the thrilling discovery of God in the steps. Then the processional of a Fili- midst of life's affairs. The business pino girl, an African girl, an American of the Kingdom becomes their busi- girl and eleven other girls, each in the ness; it is placed on the day's agenda costume of a different nation, came with other items of first importance; down the center aisle. These came

slowly so that our attention was fo- As I was walking from the church cused upon only two at one time as to the old stone parsonage, I noted, in they separated in the front of the spite of lowering clouds driven ragroom, each receiving the flag of her gedly before a March wind, a glint nation from one of the girls on the of color at my feet. Regardless of steps and taking her place on the plat- sandburrs and stickers I knelt eagerly form. The girls in the balcony then in the grass, and, just under shelter raised the two flags simultaneously as of the board walk, almost completely each girl followed eagerly with her hidden, I found scores of Johnnyeyes the flag of her nation. Jump-Ups turning up their tiny faces to assure us of returning life after The last of the fourteen flags to be seeming death. How can we question raised was the American flag which, of the continuance of life and immortality course, thrilled us and brought us to in the face of Easter, to me the most our feet. It truly was a beautiful pic- impressive of all the Christian festiture to see the fourteen girls in cos- vals? I gathered a few of the sweet tume and above them floating in the little tokens to brighten the silence of air the fourteen large flags. The my room, which always used to ring picture presented was made more with life and laughter, and then my beautiful as a girl, representing the eye caught another wonder. A big spirit of Christianity, with stately apricot tree by my gate had suddenly tread came' down the aisle, received burst into bloom, and white blossoms the Christian flag and took her place were opening hour by hour. The exin the center of this group of nations. quisite song of the western meadow Again we were on our feet as the lark heralded the miracle, and invited Christian flag was raised as a quartet me to the celebration. As I came sang: thoughtfully to my work, events, re- cent and from the long ago, surging Fling out the banner, let it float, in my mind somewhat confusedly, as Skyward and seaward, high and wide, if driven by March winds, took on or- der and color, just as the sun broke The sun that lights its shining folds, through the flying clouds, and flooded The cross on which the Saviour died. my Johnny-Jump-Ups and the white apricot tree, and caused the friendly And then came the most tense mo- meadow lark to call in his whole choir ment of all when the Christian flag to back his efforts as herald of the was raised far above all the others and spring. the Spirit of Christianity stepped forward and gave the lines of the beauti- Like a moving picture before my ful hymn, "In Christ There Is No East eyes, there came the memory of such or West," and closed with the prayer: a morning, long past, when I heard the "0 thou strong Father of all nations, distant voice of an Indian "crying the draw all thy great family together camp." It was Easter Sunday. I liswith an increasing sense of our com- tened but had to turn to a beautiful mon blood and destiny, that peace may Cheyenne girl who was then living with come on earth at last, and thy sun may us and ask her to tell me what the shed its light rejoicing on a holy broth- chief was crying. She said slowly, as erhood of peoples. Amen." she caught the far-away, but sonorous voice, "He says to the people, 'Awake! This presentation will long remain Awake! This is the day when Jesus in the minds of all of us who saw it, made a road for us through death and and I trust it will lead us to earnestly the grave to life. Awake your children, seek to make real this fellowship of and come to the church to thank him. love throughout the whole wide earth. Awake, awake!'" Both chief and In- dian maiden are now gone into that INDIAN INCIDENTS great beyond, but, far and wide, the By MARY W. ROE, Colony, Oklahoma (Personally given for this department at the Northfield Home Missions Summer Conference.)

Indians have been told of Him who but triumphant paleness of the sucsaid, "I am the resurrection and the cessful heroes, at last, at last, coming life." over on board, as described in Mrs. Baldwin's wonderful "Log" in The A turn of thought, perhaps again Outlook. Is this the generation of my meadow lark suggesting, and a youth of which so many speak in acscene of recent days arose. I was in a cents of despair? great hotel at a banquet. The guests had pushed back from the table. Rev. Years ago an Indian father brought Henry Roe Cloud had just finished a to me his boy to take and educate as a dignified, weighty and noble speech, his fine Indian wife eagerly looking Christian. I told him that I could not up at him with lustrous eyes, and Mr. take him into my own horne, with my Cloud had just introduced two other sick husband, and uncertain and irreg- Indians, Rev. Philip Frazier, Sioux, ular life, but that I would take respongraduate of Oberlin, and his wife, also sibility for him. He was received into an Indian, and a graduate of Earlham the warm hearts and simple home of College. They passed quietly to the the Van Donselaars in Sioux Center, piano, and when the two rich, trained and later they moved to Holland, Michand exquisitely harmonizing voices igan, where he was graduated from rang out together, a prominent citizen Hope College. Recently he came to at my si<;le said, "What splendid Wichita to help Mr. Cloud put across poise !" Then, when the last notes of his heavy task-namely, to carry his an Indian love song died away, he school for training a Christian Indian added, "But these young Indians could leadership over, not only financially, earn thousands of dollars on the stage but spiritually. This young Comanche, with such voices." I answered, "Yes, James Ottipobi, explained to me that but they told me today that no money he was not side-stepping the ministry, could draw them away from their as he had never felt fully called to Christian work among their old Kick- that, knowing so well the many and apoos in which they were too happy to trying demands upon the man who is be able to tell their soul satisfaction." at the head of any mission, but that The business man looked from one to he did want to teach his own people the other of these two Indian couples; in a Christian mission school. So he a strange, deep light began to touch responded to Mr. Cloud's call, who now the rugged features, and I saw the must feel as Dr. Roe, years ago, said message of new life out of the death he felt when Dr. Vander Meulen came of the old once more strike home. to us-"Like a spent soldier, alone, and with a broken sword, but still fac- This picture faded, and the March ing the opposing forces, when suddenwind heralded another, a stormy ocean, ly a young, strong man draws a fresh a sinking vessel, with desperate men weapon at his side." clinging to its shattered hulk, and, steaming round and round, the Theo- That carried my mind to the picture dore Roosevelt under its gallant Capt. of little Bobbie Chaat in his dirty lit- Fried, circling day and night, waiting, tle camp dress, crying lustily with or striving and risking men and prop- wide-open mouth, and, by his looks, erty to save those precious lives. I loudly demanding help from somebody, could almost see the splendid volun- somewhere. The other day in a big teers, gladly, eagerly offering even to conference I saw the leader making his swim across the welter of waters to way, as I thought, toward me, evidenttake a line to that sinking vessel. I ly for the music. I shrank back into could see the small, frail steward, cry- my seat, for I was so weary, but he ing in a corner because his repeated stopped and asked Mr. Robert Chaat offers as volunteer had been turned if he would take charge of the music. dOVIn. I could also see the drawn faces Instantly he rose and took his place on of the rescued men, and the solemn the platform, and quietly, capably, and

correctly he filled the place and seized As they drop in the blooming time, his opportunity. Is an infant plant that fastens its roots Another exquisite picture rises. In the place where it falls on the Spring in Washington-the smooth ground, lawn of the White House, with glory of trees and flowers, and the stately And as fast as they drop from the dying columns of the nation's home of Pres- stem, idents as background in front of which stands a memorable group,-President Grow lively and lovely around, Coolidge, with Rev. Henry Roe Cloud, By dying it liveth a thousand fold Winnebago, and Rev. Sherman Coolidge, Arapahoe, to right and left, and, In the young that spring from the facing the President, Miss Ruth Musk- death of the old. rat, dressed in an exquisite buckskin Indian dress, fashioned by the trained Have you heard this tale,-the best of all, and skillful fingers of our Colony In- The tale of the holy and true? dian women, and holding out to the President the book on Indians pre- He dies, but His life in untold souls pared by our friend, Mr. Lindquist, Lives on in the world anew; specially bound in a cover designed by one of our owtJ. Indian school boys, and His seed prevails and is filling the earth, beaded by our women workers. In her As stars fill the sky above. simple, but eloquent address she spoke of the fact that a new generation of He taught us to yield up the love of life, Indian youth is now before the coun- For the sake of the life of love. try, eager to pass on to the world their precious inheritance from the historic His death is our life, His loss is our past, to learn new values from new gain; contacts, and to serve both their own race and ours in the conflict for The joy for the tear, the peace for the right. pain.

I could describe many an appealing GAMBLING scene, but these are enough to make us feel the stirring of new faith and hope, Some years ago a highly cultu'red as we hear the calls for help coming from distant Indian peoples of many Indian said to his mother, "Just why nations, and we veterans see the ranks is gambling wrong? I can't see that of a new generation sweep onto the it is stealing or treachery. I have been field. taught that it is wrong, but I cannot see any moral evil in it." The mother *** thought awhile, realizing that gam- bling had long been the besetting sin The following poem has reached me from Central America: of the Indian race. Then she said: "Gambling is an THE ALOE PLANT economic crime. It is taking some- Have you heard the tale of the aloe plant, thing for nothing. If you admit that Away in the sunny clime, it is allowable and even right in an By humble growth of a hundred years economic sense. you strike at the. very It reaches its blooming time, root of well ordered civilization. If a man can say to a contractor, a mer- And then a wondrous bud at its crown chant, an educator, or to any other Breaks into a thousand flowers; man, 'This service which you have This floral queen, in its blooming time, rendered is good, but I will return Is the pride of the tropical bowers, nothing of value for it,'-admit this, and there is no foundation for econom- But the plant to the flower is sacrifice, ic life. Admit this and colleges and For it blooms but once and then it dies. modern business could not stand. Dur- Have you further heard of the aloe plant, ing the great war the first establish- That grows in the sunny clime, ments to be closed were the great gambling centers." How everyone of its thousand flowers, "I see it now," said the son. No state can advance when the get- ting of something for nothing becomes their accepted line of thought. This strong tendency toward gambling may have had much to do with the tragic economic history of the American In~ dians as well as with their lack of mor- al development.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd St., New York Executive Secretary, Council of Women for Home Missions INSTITUTE OF RELIGION While the conference has concerned itself primarily with the problem of Called by the Ollristian Herald; held at unity in the United States, we have Buck H!Il Falls, Pa., June 10-1:1, 1929. had ever in mind the fact that the movement in this country is but a part Findings of a world-wide movement, the influ- ence of which is being felt on all the 1. Occasion for the Conference continents ….. .

During the past four years, three 2. Reasons for Unity great international conferences have been held on the subject of Christian Whether we consider the need of unity j that of Stockholm in 1925 dealt the world for a forceful and united with questions of life and work, that witness to the great moral and reliof Lausanne in 1927 dealt with ques- gious verities of our Christian faith, tions of faith and order, that of Jeru- or the need of our children and young salem in 1928 dealt with the people for an intelligent and effective missionary responsibility of the Christian education, or the wasteful- Church. ness of our present ecclesiastical organization with its needless dupli- In these conferences the reasons for cation of machinery and its unchrisunity were considered, its possibilities tian rivalry and competition; whether explored, many misunderstandings we consider the countryside with its and obstacles removed, and a clear many struggling and competing conviction was won by representative churches or the cities with their teem- Christians of many countries and of ing population, multitudes of them many branches of the Church that the wholly out of touch with the work and time has come for some signal step life of the church, the need of conforward ….. . solidation and unity stares us in the face. How can a church so divided Such action to be effective requires preach unity and brotherhood to a dinot only the consent of the leaders, vided' world ….. . but the hearty cooperation and support of the church membership as a Our young people entering life unwhole; but we face the fact that for der conditions wholly different from lack of adequate educational methods their parents cannot understand the the gains made in these central con- reasQns which make such a situation ferences have not yet been shared with possible and will only be reached by the great body of the churches, and a church which deals with present livtherefore the resolute will to unity, ing issues in a practical modern way. which is essential to success, is not yet present on a nation-wide scale . . . . Only if we face seriously these prac- tical problems in the country, in the Unlike the official gatherings already nation and in the church shall we be referred to, this conference is a meet- able to overcome the most serious of ing of individuals called together by all the foes of unity, that self-satisfied a leading interdenominational journal spirit which is content with things as for the purpose, not so much of sug- they are and stubbornly resists all gesting new methods of approach to change. the task which confronts us, as of mobilizing the resources which will make possible its accomplishment.

711

3. Progress Toward Unity mediately practicable. The difficulties in the way are too great and the sin- We rejoice in the steps that have cere differences of conviction too deepalready been taken in the direction of seated to make the advocacy of any church cooperation and unity. Heart- complete plan practicable, but it does ening progress has been made in the mean that whatever steps we now take federation of hitherto separated should be regarded not as the measure churches, in the local community, in of final attainment but only as steps the state, and in the nation. Many toward a goal which will unfold as we congregations which have hitherto proceed. been worshiping in separate buildings have been united in community We record with gratitude the fact churches. Useful steps have been that in the discussion at Lausanne it taken and are still being taken, in co- was definitely recognized that whatordinating and simplifying our ecclesi- ~ver form unity may ultimately take, astical machinery, and in great central It must be such as to make room for bodies like the Foreign Missions Con~ a wide measure of variety and conference, the Home Missions Council, serve the values for which each of the the Council of Women for Home Mis- great permanent types of Christians sions, the Federation of Woman's stand. The unity we seek, far from Boards of Foreign Missions, the Fed- being inconsistent with liberty, must eral Council .of the Churches of Christ conserve it as our most priceless posin America, the Council of Church session. Boards of Education, and the International Council of Religious Education, 4. Some Obstacles the church possesses agencies through which it is functioning effectively in 1. Differences of conviction as to the matters of common interest. nature of the Church.

But useful and necessary as are all 2. The inherent difficulty of changing these steps, we are convinced that they methods which have become familiar and are not enough. Our existing methods through which valuable results are beare too cumbrous. The authority ing reached. granted to the central bodies is too limited to make possible effective ac- 3. The difficulty which arises from tion on the scale that is now impera- vested interests. tively demanded. With all recognition of the great values for which the de- 4. The social, racial, and psychological nominations have stood, values with- barriers between groups. out which the whole church would be appreciably poorer, we feel that the 5. The provincial spirit which takes time has come when the differences pride in old ways and lacks imagination between the denominations are no to realize the larger issues involved. longer such as should keep us apart. Some of these differences have been It is clear that in our approach to outgrown. In other cases the distinc- the task before us we must distinguish tive points of view have been accepted clearly between the problem of unity by other bodies. No denomination to- as it presents itself to those who are day has a monopoly of the truth for separated by sincere differences of which it originally came into being. conviction as to the nature of the We hold, therefore, that some form of church, and to those whose difficulties union is necessary today, in order to are practical and personal. It is futile secure a more efficient church and re- to seek organic unity with Christians lease for more constructive purposes of the first type until we have done the resources now frequently wasted. what is practicable to secure unity be- tween Christians of the second type. This does not mean that organic union on a world-wide scale is im- 5. Ways of Approach Two lines of progress seem immedi- ately practicable, in both of which im- portant steps are already being taken: 1. The reunion of separated bodies of related denominational families.

2. The strengthening of existing co- operative agencies to the point where in-

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

stead of being, as at present, largely People's Societies, looking toward the es- consultative bodies, they become admin- tablishment of a United Young People's istrative bodies, doing for all the Movement. churches the things that can best be done together. (fl We commend the cooperative work now being done in the field of religious In the matter of practical coopera- education, but we feel that it should be tion also encouraging progress is be- greatly extended and that it should be ing made. We need only refer to the applied to all ages and groups. We sug- work now being done by bodies which gest to the International Council of Reare carrying on effective cooperative ligious Education the preparation of work in many fields. But this is only suitable courses dealing with church a beginning. What would it mean if unity. in each of the larger centers of our country some commanding enterprise (g) We believe that a great service of interdenominational significance may be rendered by our existing religious. journals enlisting the support of their could be carried on, not by any indi- readers and of other journals in church vidual denomination but in the name unity. of the church as a whole ….. . (h) We recommend that as an aid in So far as we are kept apart by ques- creating the mind to unity, which is our tions of principle which grow out greatest present need, the widest pub- licity be given to the gains which will of differences in our view of the result from the consolidation of our at church, we recommend the continua- present divided resources. tion of conference on the points which (i) We rejoice in the growing interest now divide us. But in the meantime of our seminary students in the movewe urge with all the force at our com- ment for unity, and we recommend to mand that there be the largest possible ali seminaries that this movement be cooperation in all those practical mat- adequately studied in the seminaries and ters which do not involve the theory the provision be made through extension courses on a wide scale for informing the of the church, to the end that our wit- ministers who have already been graduness to the world may be as impres- ated as to what is being done in this field. sive and united as possible ….. . (j) In view of the fact that 1930 marks 6. Specific Suggestions the closing year of the Nineteenth Cen- tenary of the public ministry of Jesus, (a) We recognize the contribution as well as the Nineteenth Centenary of which the Community Church movement Pentecost, we recommend to the approis making to the cause of Christian unity, priate denominational and interdenomibut we call attention to the importance national agencies the propriety of making of the movement establishing and main- revisions in their programs for confertaining a vital connection with the mis- ence, study, and prayer regarding church sionary, benevolent, and educational unity ….. . enterprises of the church as a whole …. In all that we have said we have (b) We recommend that in order to hasten the improvement of conditions in been deeply conscious that whatever the weaker communities and the countryside, strong state federations or Home we do in the way of improving admin- Missions Councils be formed which shall relate the resources of the stronger istrative machinery will be futile if it churches to those that are weaker. does not spring out of the deep and (c) We favor new experiments in cooperation between different denomina- passionate conviction of the importions or groups, which, if successful, may afterwards be repeated on a large scale. tance of the cause which we seek to (d) We suggest that a study be made promote. The church of the Living of the possibilities of uniting the business services of the various denominations God exists for the purpose of helping and interdenominational bodies in the interest of economy and efficiency. men and women everywhere to realize (e1 We recommend that in this coming the presence of God as the fact of year a preliminary inquiry be made of facts for individual and for social life. the possibility of bringing about closer relations betwepn the various Young We earnestly desire for the churches to which we belong and for the church as a whole such a revival of this Jiving sense of the presence of God as shall make it a fact to the men of today and shall help the church to realize its high responsibility as the body of Christ, the agency through which His spirit is conveyed to the spirits of men. EDITED BY MISS AMY G. LEWIS, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York Miss Ella D. MacLaurin, Executive Secretary of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America, and editor of this Bulletin, after several months of illness passed away July 23 in a hospital in Minneapolis.

ELLA D. MACLAURIN-AN of Ida Scudder's mother and the second in honor of Dr. Stephen Smith, father APPRECIATION of Mrs. James Madison Pratt. Will those who read this send to me at 144 By HELEN B. MONTGOMERY Dartmouth Street, Rochester, N. Y., a gift to keep green the memory of our The death of Ella D. MacLaurin, on dear Ella D. MacLaurin. Even small July 23d, in a hospital in Minneapolis, gifts will help and this should be a has come as a great shock. When I gift of love. first came into missionary work, she was already engaged in speaking and writing and traveling in the interests of foreign missions. For years, she Miss Ella D. MacLaurin was born was secretary of the Baptist Women's in Canada, of Scotch descent, and came Board, and to it she gave many effec- to the United States at an early age. tive years of service, with complete For forty years she devoted herself to absorption in the cause, by writing, religious work in the Baptist denomiaddresses and above all by prayer. nation, with the Y. W. C. A. and with the Federation of Woman's Boards of Later she became one of the secre- Foreign Missions of North America. taries of the Foreign Branch of the Y. W. C. A. and poured into its serv- She had a great respect for law, and ice all the rich devotion of her nature. strongly supported the 18th amend- The heavy curtailment of its work in ment to the Constitution. She also China made necessary by the World eagerly worked for the closer Chris- War, led to her withdrawal and she tian fellowship of the women of the became Executive Secretary for the world, all cooperating together in the Federation of Women's Boards of For- service of Christ. She often expressed eign Missions. the hope that a fund might be estab- Iished to enable some of the best teach- I cannot imagine her in any heaven ers and preachers from America to being content so long as Jesus Christ visit the foreign mission fields to bring was yet uncrowned as King in the Kingdom of God, so long as one corner inspiration and encouragement to those of the earth remained unresponsive to cut off from hearing such messages as His sway; so long as one heart failed these experts could bring. She hoped to yield Him allegiance. She would that by a reciprocal arrangement outstill be eager to work and pray for the standing native Christian leaders from great cause for which she had given mission lands might come to America her life. "to lead us to a closer life for God and His world." When I learned of her death, an idea came to me, inspired I believe, by the Miss MacLaurin was deeply inter- Spirit of God, that her friends out of ested in students-especially women every communion should establish a and girls-who were seeking an edumemorial bed in the obstetrical ward cation under difficulties and a strong in Ida Scudder's great hospital for supporter of world peace movements. women in Vellore, India. This ward contains 26 beds, each of which costs Miss MacLaurin was active up to the $1,000 to endow in perpetuity. The last and went home on July 23d, servfirst memorial bed was given in honor ices being conducted in Trinity. Bap- . tist Church, Minneapolis, July 25th.

714 AFTER JERUSALEM A new psychology is evident. The After Edinburgh for many years day of "defeatism" is beginning to missionary leaders drew inspiration pass. The present is not spoken of as and charted their course from that a time "to hold our own," "to dig in" great conference. Under the leader- but as a time to press forward. For ship of Dr. John R. Mottand Mr. J. more than a year we have been hear- H. Oldham wonderful changes have ing of Kagawa's "Million Souls Camtaken place in the Christian church paign" in Japan with churches and around the world. Old fears and prej- missionaries following this "flaming udices are being removed, narrow torch." Now we learn that in China views and circumscribed lives are giv- the new church has accepted as its ing place to world vision and world goal the doubling of its membership activities. in the next five years. In five years to win as many converts as have been Those who participated in the Jeru- won in the last century surely is an salem meeting last year assure us that undertaking of inspiring faith. Dr. it was a· great experience in living, Mott pointed out that in the history working, thinking through together. of the Christian church a new move- Most diverse groups carne to Jerusa- ment is Q.SualIy preceded by a time of lem. Many deep antagonisms were testing and purifying. In China rerepresented and were openly expressed cent months have been such a time. in the first week. The East and the We hear with great admiration of the West, the younger and the older courage, endurance, ability of the Chichurches, the pietist, the economist. nese Christian leaders. Surely we may Out of this diversity was achieved a expect great things in the East. marvelous unity. Dr. Mott presented thirteen concrete From Jerusalem delegates returned proposals for mission boards. In outto report to their churches what God line they are as follows: had wrought in his children there and what they had found most important 1. Coordinate the thinking in order to to work toward in the corning years. coordinate the planning and action. From Jerusalem Dr. Mott traveled among the churches in the middle and 2. Continue close working together so Far East for eight months. Mr. Paton well begun at Jerusalem. has visited India and the Near East. 3. The "Message" wrought out at Je- Mr. Oldham and others were in New rusalem is a divine word. Let it be York having had many conferences be- brought to the churches. . fore the meeting of the International Missionary Council at Williamstown, 4. In religious education use present- Jnly 11-21. day plans.

At a recent dinner Dr. Mott re- 5. In the realm of higher Christian edviewed his experiences in the Orient. ucation let us send a commission of ex- Among the conditions adverse to perts (as was done in the case of China several years ago) to study the whole field of higher education in India and Japan. Send the best from England and America and include nationals in each country. 6. Study the mass movements-the Christian work today is the grievous dangers and advantages. economic situation that oppresses multitudes in India, China, Japan. Of 7. "Sharing" was a great word at Jepoverty in India and famine in China rusalem, let us practice it. we hear much. Japan also suffers. Dr. Mott paid high tribute to the patient, 8. In missionary preparation we must silent endurance of hardship on the rethink the subject from the beginning. part of the Japanese. A pamphlet with report of what is being done in England is just ready. Also Dr. Mott found changes for the better. There is opportunity for more 9. Let us seek to augment Christian open-minded and frank discussion be- leadership. More missionaries are needed tween those of the East and those of and wanted but "let no second and third the West. line men through."

10. Liberate a greater force of lay workers.

11. Let us plan for larger evangelisrr as is being done in China and Japan. .

12. Christian literature is a great need. private room adjoining the chapel talk Previous plans have been pigeonholed. it over with a Christian woman of We must do something. great strength, patience and tact. She strengthens the weak, sets right what 13. Unity is a goal toward which we was wrong, trains to better fitness, must work. Church union in South India finds a place for them and after they is very well planned. leave her by correspondence continues to give sympathy and help. At the meeting of the Committee of When one asks Mrs. Jo how she has Reference and Counsel, which was the been able to accomplish so great a work her answer is in one wordoccasion of the above address, much "Prayer."

attention was given to the Jerusalem My thoughts go back to my early days as a missionary when I lived reports and how to bring recommen- with Mrs. Van Petten at the Yoko- hama Bible Woman's Training School. dations to the churches and into the It was Mrs. Van Petten who told this practice of mission boards and mis- story about one of her students.

sionaries. Let us help to speed the day During recess there were so many waiting in the office to see me that when the message of Jerusalem shall the bell rang before I could see J 0 San. She said: "Sensei, I must tell be in our thinking, our planning, our you of a very sad case I have found." And between office and classroom she action. A. G. L. told of a little child whose hands had been cut off by a drunken man-of A JAPANESE CHRISTIAN WOMAN the utter poverty of mother and child who at a pittance a day were making MRS. NOBU Jo paper bags in their tiny room. Jo San had to bring the story to a sudden When I' knew Nobu Jo twenty-five end for the class waited, but she years ago in the "Bible Woman's added: "I'm going to teach 0 Kei San Training School" in Yokohama, little to knit so that she can support her- self." did I think that she would do a work so unique that it would be written A child with both hands gone learn about in the New York Times, but in to knit! What an impossibility! But the issue of July 7th I read the head- with such as Jo San the impossible is line "Mrs. Nobu Jo's Placards Urge achieved. 0 Kei San and her mother Desperate Japanese To Come To Her were helped and 0 Kei San received For Help" and then follows a column artificial hands. She did learn to knit, about her Women's Welfare Associa- -first with soft wool she made lovely tion in Kobe and her work for the baby jackets and socks and later beauwould-be suicide. tiful little silk purses that some who read these lines may possess. The Japan of cherry blossoms and chrysanthemums, of smiling holiday o Kei San went through a mission crowds is not all of Japan. The eager, serious minded students as well as high school and learned to write with those with more experience of life face Japanese Jude and even English with impossible problems. With aspirations a pen. One of her letters I still keep. to become great and noble they often After graduation she taught in the find themselves overwhelmed with dif- Christian Blind School in Yokohama. ficulties and facing failure prefer death. And so it happens that at beau- Many Bible women are ministering tiful Nikko Waterfall or at the beau- to' those who are sad and lonely and tiful spot near Kobe a life is on the in need. Jo San's achievements have verge. Just there is this word from won recognition at home and abroad. Nobu Jo: "Wait-a-bit, would-be suicide! God is love. Come and talk it A. G. L. over with Nobu Jo, Kobe Women's Welfare Association." As a result of the sign near Kobe nearly 3,000 have been saved during the last thirteen years.

They go to the quiet home and in a

JAPAN-CHOSEN Christian Council has formulated

Christianity's Influence following social creed: ACONTRIBUTOR to the Japan Equal rights and equal opportunities. Advertiser figures that at the Non-discriminatory treatment of na- present rate of increase, 10/0 a year, it tions and races. would take 10,000 years to make Ja- The sanctity of marriage, equal respon- sibility of both men and women regarding pan Christian. Church members now chastity and improvement of the home number 154,521, the Presbyterians in life. The betterment of the status of women the lead with 40,866; next the Meth- in the educational, social, political and odists, 32,783; Congregational, 27,- industrial world. Respect for the personality of the child, 837; Episcopal, 22,235. Nineteen the prohibition of child labor, and the extension of the period of compulsory ed- other Protestant churches range in ucation. The diffusion of a thorough vo- number from 100 to 4,217. Japan has cational education. a population of 60,000,000. The enactment of a law making Sun- day a public rest day. But the truth of the matter, con- The abolishment of the system of pub- cludes the Japan Advertiser, is that lic prostitution. The promotion of national prohibition. the influence of the Christian Church The enactment of a minimum wage, in Japan cannot be measured in num- peasants' welfare, and social insurance laws. bers. For example: Legislation and equipment promoting public hygiene. . It is doing more than anything else to Government subsidy for the betterment raise the status of women from an Ori- of housing conditions. ental to a modern level. It has put new The encouragement of producers' and life in the religious consciousness of the consumers' cooperative associations. nation, and has taught the Japanese The establishment of a suitable agency people the dignity of service for the to attain harmonious relations between weak. Innumerable Japanese who have employees and employers. never embraced the Christian faith have The enactment of a reasonable working absorbed its influence. The late Marquis day. Okuma declared that Christianity was The betterment of home industries and the substance of his own life. The Japa- the improvement of equipment in fac- nese Christians are the salt of the na- tories. tion. The enactment of a higher progressive tax rate for incomes and inheritances. The missionaries' great feat has been The realization of a warless world.- not the conversion of a certain number World Neighbors. of Japanese, but the foundation of a vigorous native Church. This Church is Increases in Japan developing on its own lines, and it seems likely that it will eventually evolve a REGISTERED Protestant Church Japanese form of Christianity in which members in Japan now number the fifty or so divisions of Christian work in Japan will be merged. It is the 154,521, an increase of 5,237 over last test of Christianity that it can adapt itself to all civilizations and improve year, according to the National Chris- all, and the future lies with the native Church in Japan. That Church is the tian Council. The actual number of child of the West's half-century of mis- sionary effort_nd who measures a church members is believed to be much child's worth by his size? larger. A Social Creed for Ja.pa.n The number of Sunday-school pupils By REQUEST of the All-Japan is 158,787, and the amount of offer- Christian Conference the National ings received by the 1,490 churches 717

last year totaled 2,161,387.97 yen going a rapid transformation, affecting (about $1,000,000). In addition, the the social, industrial, political, and money known to have been received every other detail of national life. The by the churches from foreign sources change is chiefly mental and psycho- totals 439,914.16 yen.-Outlook of Mis- logical. It may not be so spectaCUlar, sions. but is is as significant as that occa- sioned at the time of reconstruction Quarter Century in Korea and development of the nation follow- ABOUT twenty-five years ago Dr. J. ing the Meiji Restoration." .

ft Fairman Preston, of the Southern The vital question is whether moral Presbyterian Church, landed in Mokpo, growth will be outstripped, and moral Korea. At that time there were only fibre be unequal to the strain. Mr.

six scattered groups of Christians in Kagawa estimates that sixty per cent aU this field, and but a handful of local of labor looks for a solution of its Christians, few of whom had been bap- problems along materialistic lines ad- tized. Homes were built and a dis- vocated by Karl Marx. Twelve thou- pensary, hospital, boys' and girls' sand each year take refuge in suicide.

school and work started, while the The authorities are looking to religion preaching of the gospel in the country to provide that spiritual element now villages and towns was pressed con- so patently lacking in secular civiliza- stantly. . tion, more especially as a means of After twenty-five years of seed sow- counteracting the dangerous thoughts ing and reaping these six groups of which they fear so much. Newspapers Christians in South Chulla Province can play an important part in this task, have grown to fifty-five organized since the country folk can only be churches with elders and officers, and reached on a wide scale in this way.

250 unorganized groups of Christians each with a church building, 21 or- Korean Surgeon Makes a Name A dained native preachers in this pro- YOUNG Korean man spent four years in Severance Union Medivince alone, all supported by the native Christians, while more than 122 other cal College. AftJr graduating he spent helpers and colporteurs and Bible some time in the Rockefeller Hospital women labor in this section.-Record in Peking. Then he was assistant in of Christian Work. the surgical department of Severance School, and showed such real ability Newspapers as Evangelists that he was given opportunity to H IGHER education is no longer the study in America. He spent a year in privilege of the few in Japan. Northwestern University Me die a I About 1,000,000 students are now en- School, a year in the Hospital for Rup- joying it. In Tokyo alone there are tured and Crippled Children in New more students in college and university York as an assistant, and received his grade than in the whole of the British degree from Northwestern University.

Isles. In commerce, despite the inevi- He then went back to Korea, and dur- table post-war slump and the earth- ing the year of furlough of the mis- quake, Japan is now consolidating her sionary surgeon, young Dr. Lee car- markets on the mainland of Asia, while ried the work of the surgical depart- her coal has already displaced British ment, doing operations such as only coal as far as Suez. Politically, Japan the "big gun" surgeons get opportu- stands higher than she has ever done. nity to do. One day at a meeting of Her statesmen have been called in to the Medical Missionary Association help solve the problems of Europe. As about thirty or forty missionary doc- one of Japan's writers and publicists, tors from the United States, Canada, Dr. Washio, of Waseda University, ex- Great Britain, and Australia sat upon pressed it recently: "Japan is under- the benches and watched young Dr.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Lee operate. Those who went to the will win back the wanderers to the Orient to show them how to do it were fold of the church.-The Church Over- in turn shown how it should be done. seas.

-Christian Advocate.

AUSTRALIA AND THE ISLANDS Philippine Problems Response to a Oall SIXTY delegates from every section of the Philippines last March dis- T HE Methodist Church of Australia cussed at a round table conference led reports a list of forty new appoint- by Dr. John R. Mott the problems ments to the mission field, the largest common to all. The dominating note number of workers ever sent out in a was to plan a concerted attack upon single year by this Society. Eleven such questions as: Reaching an inare ministers going to Tonga, Samoa, creasing number of the best young Fiji, New Britain, Papua and North people for Christian leadership; meet- Australia; six are well trained young ing an enlarging evangelistic opporwomen teachers, who will widen the tunity in the Islands; securing an horizon of girls in Tonga, Fiji and ideal relation between the younger Papua; five are trained nurses, two churches in the Philippines and the are medical men; three are laymen older churches in America; augmentwho will relieve the strain of business ing our financial resources to meet our management and two will work in agri- enlarging opportunities; and further cultural institutions. The remainder promoting the fullest cooperation and of the 40 are missionary wives. Sev- unity in the Philippines. eral of the recruits have given up salaries more than double that offered by The Conference expressed the dethe mission. All the stations in the sire to correct the impression that the Pacific, North Australia and India are evangelistic opportunity in the Philnow filled.-The Missionary Review. ippines is passing, and declared that Christian forces were never so numer- The Maoris of New Zealand ous and favorable, this being espe- cially true of the educated classes and T HE Archbishop of New Zealand student youth. writes in regard to the consecration of Rev. F. A. Bennett to work among The Philippine churches were Maoris: called to an increased study and prac- tice of Christian Stewardship. Though The step which has been taken is in a hearty response ought to augment the nature of an experiment, and if it materially the financial resources of is found to work satisfactorily the next the Islands, our staggering opportu- ·step will be in the direction of creating a Maori diocese, as was tentatively nities will be far from met. The apdone by the general synod of 1925. peal was therefore sounded to the Church in America to expand gener- The Maori race, which now numbers ously its subscriptions. It was heartabout 70,000, has in recent years been ening to note the reiterated desire exmuch disturbed by the claims and pressed by Filipino leaders for a teaching of the most recent Maori systematic reduction of mission aid to prophet, Ratana, who, commencing a~ established churches, thus to release a faith healer and opponent of Maorl mission funds for the great advance superstitions and tokungas, has devel- which must be made. – Philippine oped a rival schismatic church, largely Presbyterian. on national and political lines, and has caused a serious cleavage in the ranks of the members of the church. There NORTH AMERICA is ample evidence that his mana is on World Sel"rice Commission T the wane and it is confidently hoped HE sixth annual meeting of the World Service Commission of the that Bishop Bennett, by his winning personaHty, spirituality and eloquence, Methodist Episcopal Church was held

in the Chicago Temple, July 23d. The dent world is the repetition of the very total receipts for proportionate distri- thing of which Burke complained more bution among the constituent boards than a century ago. 'Such is now the during the fifth W~rld Service year misfortune of our age that everything were $6,573,261.27, an increase of is to be discussed as if the truth of $696,104.20. Non-distributable re- religion were always to be a subject ceipts of the World Service Commis- rather of altercation than of enjoysion were $1,388,637.36, a decrease of ment."-Sunday School Times. $395,109.88. The net increase of receipts of both types was $30,994.37. Jewish Christians in U. s. Total receipts were $7,961,898.63. A SURVEY of Jewish congregations Funds distributed during the year in this country has recently been were as follows: Board of Foreign made by Dr. H. S. Linfield, Director Missions, $2,482,300.06; Board of of the Statistical Department of the Home Missions, $2,482,300.06; Board American Jewish Committee. The figof Education, $1,196,892.24; Board of ures may be accepted as SUbstantially Hospitals, Homes and Deaconess Work, correct, as a very careful canvass was $114,874.84; Board of Temperance, made. The statistics deal only with Prohibition and Public Morals, $109,- permanent congregations. 563.13; Board of Pensions and Relief, $106,046.44; . American Bible Society, The canvass shows that there are $81,285, a total of proportionately dis- 2,948 congregations in the United tributed disbursements amounting to States. Of these 2,855 are in urban $6,573,261.27. places with a population of 2,500 and over. There are 98 congregations in Sixteen areas showed a gain in re- rural areas. These figures show that ceipts for World Service during the there is in the United States one confifth year, and five showed a loss. Six- gregation for every 1,386 Jewish men, ty-one Conferences showed a gain and women and children.-Our Jewish twenty-eight showed a loss.-The Neighbors. Christian Advocate. Training Negro Ministers New Student League THE major problem in the evangel- THE League of Evangelical Students ization of the Negroes lies in pro- has been organized in colleges and viding them with a sound and universities as well as in training adequately trained Christian ministry schools and seminaries. At Bucknell from among their own people. The it recently raised a thousand dollars number of Negro young men offering for a Bucknell missionary in Brazil. themselves for the Gospel ministry to- At Hampden-Sydney it has a colored day is far too small to enable the mission, two outpost Sunday-schools, Church properly to cope with the task and one midweek prayer service, hav- of evangelizing these people. The ing obtained a little log cabin for its Snedecor Memorial Synod, composed prayer-meetings. Marion College car- of four Negro Presbyteries, reported ries on work at the county jail and the on March 31, 1928, nine candidates for county infirmary and house-to-house the ministry, three licentiates, and visitation has been followed with forty-six ordained ministers. There marked results. are about fifteen young men at Still- man Institute who are looking forward Rev. Winfield Burggraaff says: "It to the ministry. These figures indicate wishes to stand alone, cutting itself the Negro's present contribution of loose from those organizations which man-power throughout the Southern have hitherto represented the Chris- Presbyterian Church for the evangeltian life upon the campus of the Amer- ization of more than nine millions of ican college and university. In our his own people. Furthermore, the isolation is our strength. In our stu-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

present educational equipment of the five bed hospital for the Indian Mis- Negro ministry as a whole is unequal sion at Ganado, Arizona. to the task that lies before it. The education of the average Negro preach- Twenty-six thousand patients from er is extremely inadequate. The Negro an area sixty miles square were treated people are rapidly embracing the op- last year in the hospital and dispensary portunities of an education and this at Ganado. This partly explains why fact necessitates better preparation on the present building, with a capacity the part of those who are to lead them of only twenty-four beds, is so pitifully in spiritual things. Experience teaches inadequate. In addition to this growthat those communities and peoples ing medical service, the Board of Nawho have made the least progress in tional Missions is maintaining at this education and in religion need the very point a mission church, community best men obtainable. A mediocre man center and a training school for Navamay make a blunder in laying the foun- jo boys and girls. dation in a backward community that only long years of hard labor can over- Course on Latin America come. THE Secretary of the Hartford Sem- To meet the demands for better inary Foundation and the Kennedy trained men, Stillman Institute has School of Missions announces a special been laboring for fifty-three years.- course on Latin America for mission- Presbyterian· Survey. ary candidates and furloughed mis- sionaries, which is to be given at Ezel-"Showing the Way" Hartford during the first semester be- ginning September 24, 1929, and con- EZEL, Kentucky, is not an average tinuing through January 20, 1930. community. Its original name was The aim of the course is to provide a Mortonsville, but fifty years ago a half year of special work which will post office was opened and the govern- fit the missionary to improve his servment required a new name. From the ice in the new opportunities confrontstory of David and Jonathan came ing Evangelical Missions among the the name, Ezel, the stone meaning cultured classes of Latin America. Dr. "showing the way." Its inhabitants S. G. Inman, Dr. J. Orts-Gonzales, Dr. claim ancestry of Scotch Irish and Charles T. Paul and others will coop- French Huguenot, and these qualities erate as special lecturers and 'as mempromise fruitful returns for work bers of the Hartford faculty. The done among them. tuition for the special course will be $25, with a registration fee of $5. The Women's Board of the United There will be accommodations in the Presbyterian Church established a men's and women's dormitories on the work there five years ago, erecting a campus for a limited number of single church and a school for grades and men and women. The cost of room and high school, in which seven teachers board for women will be $137.50 for give secular and spiritual instruction the semester. The cost of a single to the 130 pupils of a fine type of room in Hosmer Hall for men is $35 mentality. Industrial instruction is for the semester. The board averages also given under the supervision of about $6.50 a week. Apartments for the pastor's wife, Mrs. H. M. Britain, married couples, with or without chiland their four looms turn out rugs, dren, can be secured near the campus counterpanes and other articles. at rates of from $35 to $55 per month, but early application is suggested. New Hospitals for Indians Will those who are interested ad- THE executive committee of the Presbyterian Board of National dress Dean Edward Warren Capen, 55 Missions has voted to erect a seventy- Elizabeth Street, Hartford, Connecti- 5 cut? .

LATIN AMERICA means indicates all the Indians have Church Peace in Mexico done.

WITH the settlement of the dispute The erection of the church, which between the Roman Catholic Church and the Mexican government has a length of seventy feet, width priests are now, for the first time since August 1, 1926, conducting services in forty-three feet, and height of walls the churches and ministering to the Catholic citizens of the land. The basis sixteen feet, a ten-foot veranda, height of this settlement is: (1) The Mexican Government will allow the Cath- of steeple from ground sDixf tlyu-mfivbeer.feeIt~ olic hierarchy to designate those priests required a large amount who are to register in compliance with Mexican laws; (2) Religious instruc- a cDuntry where lumber is very extiDn, while nDt permitted in the schDDls (which is specified in the CDnstitu- pensive, it is impossible to think of tiDn), will be permitted within the churches, and (3) Catholic prelates are building a church like this-our "Cagiven the right, as granted every Mexican citizen, to apply for a mDdification thedral Df the Indians"-if the lumber Df the constitution. has to be bought. It would have cost Mexico's Church-State dispute began in 1855, when a democratic revDlution nearly five thousand dollars. But the broke out against Santa Ana. The revolutionists suppressed ecclesiastical Indians were willing to saw their own courts which tried civil cases; forbade lumber and bring it free of cost. To sawall this by hand means much hard work under a tropical sun, and it took t~em nea~ly a year. With the excep- hon of a httle help which the mission- ary gave them in the form of beans and rice, they supplied their own food' the women cooked while the me~ wDrked. Heathen and Christian worked side by side.-Moravian Re- port.

the church tD hold property not used Rome Revives in Argentina fDr religiDus or charitable purpDses; provided for the return of property so ARGENTINA has been a country in- held to the state; forbade the church to assume exclusive authority over 1". different to both Protestant and education and sought to abolish monasteries .and monastic vows. After the Catholic religiDn. Materialism has revolution subsided these laws were prevailed, but within the past year an largely dead letters until the regime of awakening is nDted, especially within Plutarco Calles, himself an anti-cleri- the RDman Catholic Church, as evical, when a serious attempt was made denced by a recommendation from a tD enforce them. The result of his ef- leading bishop that the Bible should fDrts practically put the church under be read, and the forming of a CathDlic state cDntrDl and compelled the foreign missionary organization with the obpriests of Mexican churches to discon- ject of spreading their faith in every tinue the exercille of their priestly tDwn, village and school of the land. :functions. This organization has recently printed and sold 100,000 copies of the fDur Gospels, and has also created a holi- day, calli~g it "The Day of the Gospel."

Every mght some distinguished pre- New Church for Indians late broadcasts an evangelistic sermon.

By THE dedication of a new Mora- Protestant Sunday-school methods are vian church at Bilwas Karma, Nic- being adopted, and even tent meetings aragua, the people attained the goal of are being held.

their ambition. The dedicatory serv- But these are merely counter attacks ices were attended by more than 500, against Christian missiDns, and as they and the offerings amounted to $350. themselves frankly state "to rid the It represented great sacrifice on the country of the pernicious religious in- part of the Indians. But this by no fluences which have ruined the United

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

States and other Protestant coun- EUROPE tries." Their avowed purpose is to Glasgow Hits Gambling form a coalition between Spain and all SCOTLAND has convictions regard- Latin American countries, discourag- ing betting and gambling, and has ing cordial relations between the Unit- a National League for carrying out ed States and Argentina. But even those convictions. The Secretary of this fanaticism is less obstinate than the League, Rev. F. E. Watson, materialism. brought an attempted gambling coup to the attention of the sheriff's procura- Venezuela Earthquake tor fiscal of Glasgow, at the same time T HE Orinoco River mission of Vene- reminding him of section forty-one of zuela is evangelical and undenomi- the Lotteries Act, and asking if there national. Its headquarters are at was any act that gave legal sanction to Carupano, Venezuela. One of its mis- the sweepstakes in Glasgow. If not, sionaries, Miss Helen R. Brown, sends what was he going to do about it? And to The Sunday School Times an ac- this is what he did: After consulting count of the earthquake of January crown counsel he informed the sweep- 17th, which centered in Eastern Vene- stakes promoters that they would be zuela, resulting in the death of 50 per- liable to prosecution. That settled it.

sons, the wounding of 800 more and There are signs that the courageous financial loss amounting to $10,000,000. action of Glasgow will be followed in In the twenty-five to thirty seconds other centers both north and south of during which the earth shook as if in a the Tweed. It is but a part of the great huge sieve, the artifice and prowess of social movement in which the Scottish man of several centuries was made nil. The city became instead of a proud, busy churches have taken a leading part.- center of industry, commerce and varied New Outlook. life, a vast ruin, a screaming multitude frenzied with fear …… From the whole Y. M. C. A. in Barcelona city there arose a cloud of yellow dust, and the sun had a peculiar yellow glare. T HE Barcelona Christian Associa- Everyone was in the street, crying, call- tion was founded five years ago ing upon God, the saints, and the Virgin. with less than a dozen members, and Everywhere were signs of ruin. I had met in a dark, tin-roofed garage. It many an opportunity to speak of God, now counts 157 active members, repreexhorting the people to put their trust in senting eleven nationalities with Spanthe Saviour …… A cathedral that was ish in large majority. It seeks to being built and which the bishop had present Christ to young men without blessed several months before, and cursed respect to material, cultural, or politithe Protestants, was leveled to the cal interests. It brings them in conground. The governor's new house, fac- tact with the Bible by regular study tories and buildings became piles of debris. All the churches, chapels, and grottoes of the images were partially or totally destroyed ….. . courses and lectures, and confronts them with the problems of a life of For five days we ate, slept and lived faith. For leisure hours there is a out in the open square in front of the library whose contents increase from mission house in wind, dust, rain, sun. year to year, games of various sorts, Every family in the whole city slept and and a sports ground rented principally lived out of doors, though now quite a for the use of the boys' department. number have gone back to living under a roof. Over half the popUlation left Cumana for other parts, especially the upper class. The United States and other The Gospel in Paris governments as well as this government and many groups and individuals sent ANEW Gospel Hall has been opened tents, clothes, food, and other supplies, by the pastor of the Montmartre so that the city was quite well taken care Tabernacle in a section of Paris called of, though there is still great need in the Zone Noire. A member of the many parts. It is even yet a city of tents French Academy thus describes this and hit-or-miss living, with much misery, district: fear and sorrow.

"The Black Zone is inhabited by a centuries of existence of this, the largmixetl crowd of rag and bone dealers, est of all Protestant communions. dangerous ruffians, and many jailbirds. We have unforgettable visions of these The Lutheran section of the Chrisveritable 'Negro villages' where un- tian Church has not only retained its speakable huts shelter badly an ever- identity as a leading denomination, but increasing population living in sinister still exhibits that sturdy independence and dangerous promiscuity. Material and tenacious adherence to its distincpoverty is nothing as compared to mor- tive tenets which Martin Luther himal poverty. There is not a notion of self frequently demonstrated. The right and wrong in those souls. They supreme valuation of doctrines, which are gradually returning to savagery. made that leader of the Reformation One can imagine how impressive it was an impossible party to proposed comwhen in this new Gospel Hall a hun- promises, plus the civic and economic dred children sang Gospel hymns and uses to which evangelical principles recited the wonderful story of Jesus' were put by sixteenth-century kings birth. Fifty mothers and fathers were and princes, have produced a score and there." more of national churches. All of these adhere to about the same creedal ten- On the 31st of January last, obliga- ets and use the same handbook to tions on the building costs amounting instruct their youth for church memto 20,000 fr.ancs fell due. On the 27th, bership, but no common form of orattention was called to the need with ganization was undertaken until the the word that the Lord would help present decade. It took the shock of when they had done all possible them- the World War, and the terrible hardselves. Wednesday a young man called. ships that followed 1918, to bring the He had come from the country to seek need of an international connection inwork and his father had given him to an actuality. enough to live on until he was settled. He wanted to give a part of this to the The present Lutheran Church has building costs. "To our amazement he three divisions. The section of Gerhanded us 8,000 francs. All through many and adjacent Germanic offshoots Wednesday came a stream of members reflects reformation controversies, and friends bringing their gifts, the Catholic, Calvinistic and composite. result of real sacrifice. After supper a The Scandinavian group comprises brother came to express to us his love state churches of Norway, Sweden, and attachment to the church, putting Denmark and Finland, which went solin our hands ten thousand francs."- idly over to the evangelical principles Sunday School Times. but retained much of the Catholic or- ganization. The third group, smallest Lutherans Move Toward Union numerically, is American. These re- tain the doctrines of the European ON THE Four Hundreth Anniver- groups, but have few of the ritualistic sary of the date that Martin Lu- forms and no relationships with the ther made public his catechisms, 250 State. All three groups are engaged delegates, representing .sixty church in extensive mission work among nonorganizations in twenty countries, Christians.-Christian Herald. cOmprising about 70,000,000 members, assembled in Copenhagen, Denmark, Jews of Cracow for the Second World Convention of the Lutheran Church. The first was CRACOW has a Jewish population of held in 1923, and the purpose of the 52,292, out of a total population of convention this year, June 26 to July 206,829. These Jews are so intensely 4, was to strengthen the organization religious that there is a proverb "As started at that time. This was but the pious as a Cracow Jew." Some one has second world convention in the four observed that if these men became Christians, we should see a type simi-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

lar to their ancient brethren, of whom from any town with a missionary.

it is said in Acts 17: 16, that "they From two to five thousand gather at turned the world upside down." A the weekly markets in each district and worker among these people tells in The most of these markets are approached Jewish Missionary Herald of an ortho- by roads passable in good weather.

dox young Jew whose surprise was These untouched tribes make a re- unbounded when he found that in. markably promising field for Christian books which dealt with Jesus as the evangelism.-Sunday School Times.

Messiah there were so many citations from the Jews' own Holy Bible. "From In the Barbary States T my childhood," he said, "I was taught HE present staff of the North Afri- ca Mission numbers 105-79 womthat only to Jews who believed in God and kept His law is the Messiah prom- en and 26 men-at 27 stations in the ised and that He would deliver them Barbary States. Mr. Harvey Farmer, from their long exile and restore the general secretary, reports open doors Jewish Kingdom, and as I read I on every hand.

thought, 'what has the Jewish message "The willingness to listen was never to do with Gentiles?' I could not ex- more marked, and while there are plain the mystery and have been hop- many adversaries and much opposition, ing to talk with you about it." After an ever increasing number are brought much conversation, he said: "I see now under the sound of the Word of the that the truth about the Messiah is Lord. The sale of Scripture portions entirely different from what I and my to Jews, Moslems and others continues people believe." He was given a New to increase. Our receipts, however, are Testament, looked at the title, and joy- quite inadequate to meet the demands fully put it in his pocket. of the work. Our income of £11,113 last year was rather higher than in AFRICA 1927, but our responsibilities were Evangelism in Morocco £3,090 in excess of this."

MOROCCO has recently been made In connection with this urgent need more accessible to the Gospel. a day was set apart for prayer, and on Mr. Charles C. Gabriel and his associ- May 21st it was announced that over ates have visited some 130 of its 450 £4,000 had been received for this work.

market places, some of them a number -The Christian.

of times. At least six thousand copies of Gospels have been bought by Mos- Growth on the Niger lems. The truth preached-the lost AT ST. PETER'S Church, Okrika, state of man, the Sonship of Christ, t.West Africa, on January 13th, three His sacrificial death and resurrection African priests and one European is wearing down opposition. Markets priest, and ten deacons were ordained where at first there was a great tumult, to service in the Episcopal Church on after a number of visits, have become the Niger, this being the largest num- quiescent if not friendly, and friendly ber ever ordained at one time in that from the conviction that the teaching diocese. It was an interesting coinci- given is true. "Time and time again dence that each of the candidates for we have seen the crowd silenced by the priest's orders represented a different declaration from some one present that language and tribe, there being one we are true believers and are preach- lbo, one native of Brass, one of new ing what is true." An automobile Calabar, and one European. Three or serves as pulpit and tent. The crowd four thousand people were present at gathering about it numbers at times the service, including Bishop Howells, fifty, but more often three to five hun- the African assistant bishop, and dred. This mission is aiming not at Archdeacon Crowther, son of the late townspeople, but at the five million who Bishop Crowther, and himself a vet- live in the country up to fifty miles eran of eighty-five years.

The rush of children into the schools a letter was read from Mr. W. H. continues. There is hardly one of all Laughton of Meru, in which he said: the numerous schools which is not obliged to turn away boys anxious to Perhaps the best message I can send is attend, because neither accommodation this: if the local preachers in the homenor staff is available to meet the de- land can equal the achievements of some mand. In Onitsha, the headquarters of our teachers here in East Africa, of the mission, there are about one whose educational advantages have never hundred boys at the secondary school carried them beyond the Standard IV and about a thousand at the primary point, they will have little difficulty in and infants' schools, but with adequate "getting the goods across,"-if such a staff there is no doubt that two or phrase may be permitted. For a thorthree hundred more would be at the ough grasp of a situation, the signifischool within a week. Six years ago cance and application of a text, the the total school staff was under ten, sermons of these native local preachers today the number is nearly 40. All are nothing short of astounding, especithe other schools have increased in ally when it is considered that to their much the same way.-The Church fathers Jesus Christ was not even a Overse!1S. name.

Medical Mi••ion for the Gold Ooast Education in Dema.nd THE Basei Mission has laid the cor- I N UGANDA there is everywhere a ner stone for a new mission hospital demand for education, even among in Agogo. The buildings are to in- raw tribes, and this facilitates the clude a hospital for the natives, a rest starting of out-schools, and the believhouse for Europeans and dwellings for ers are zealous to read. In many places the physician and nurses. The Eng- the natives will build a school, collect lish Chief Commissioner, Sir John the teacher's wage, and send into the Maxwell, said: "Basel missionaries Mission Station begging for a teacher. have built the first good road from the This brings with it a great opportucoast to the interior and before anyone nity. else thought of it, the Basel missionaries, seeing the dearth of artisans in In the Congo, the value of reading this country, have worked successfully has yet to be appreciated, and the deto help out in this matter. This mis- sire to be taught to read is looked upsion, four decades ago has taken the on by the ordinary native as an art greatest pains to train young men of for little boys to acquire, and the the people to be carpenters, black- spread of the Gospel is hindered. smiths and shoemakers. This resulted in blessings not only to the country it- The work in all stations will be self, but along the entire west coast of strengthened by the completion of Mr. Africa these artisans of the Basel mis- Norman Grubb's translation of the sion were known and sought after, New Testament.-The Christian. from Sierra Leone down to the Congo. Thus the Gold Coast was a famous Livingstone Memorial country in all West Africa, before the other colonies were hardly mentioned. T HE Scottish national memorial to This fame the Gold Coast owes to the David Livingstone is nearing com- Basel mission."-Allg. Miss. Nachr. pletion. All the squalid tenements around it have been demolished, and Tribute to African Preachers his actual birthplace in Blantyre, Scotland, with the adjoining houses of NATIVE African preachers were Shuttle row, have been transformed paid a high tribute at a recent from a dirty slum into a suitable mu- Conference at Oxford, England, when seum. Ten acres of surrounding ground are being laid out as a recre- ation park and open-air theatre. The roads on which unemployed miners have been working are nearly finished. At the formal opening are to be eight tableaux depiciting scenes from his

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

life. Among' the latest curios and clothes, hair plastered with clay, dull, relics that have been donated for ex- indifferent, boldly clamoring for beer, hibition is the chistening shawl in dwelling in a filthy hut. The second, which the baby David was carried for dressed in clean print, friendly and baptism. It is 15 feet long and 5V2 polite, her home tidy and appreciative feet wide, woven with Paisley silk in of higher things. Many of these older exquisite coloring and design. Christian women possess a natural tact which makes their opinions worth David Livingstone's grandson, Dr. knowing.-Moravian Report. Hubert Wilson, a medical missionary for 15 years in Chitambo, at· present WESTERN ASIA home on furlough, has just resigned, owing to family health reasons, and Turks and the Bible expects to settle and practice in this country. His sister, Mrs. Alexander 1 HE LONDON DAILY TELE- MacDonald, continues the noble tradi- GRAPH reports a complete change tion of her grandfather as the wife of of attitude towards foreign religious an ordained missionary at Chasefu, in schools on the part of the Turks. A Livingshmia.–Ch.risti{l.n Century. fierce campaign against such schools had been proceeding in the newspapers, Training Boys to Teach and an association had been formed which aimed at government support to THE boys of the Sona Bata board- expel all Christian missionaries. ing school, Sona Bata, Belgian Congo, are required to teach between their The schools had definitely decided to second and third years of school, thus close down on account of the stringent showing the sincerity of their desire regulations against teaching the Bible. to learn that they may teach. P. A. But they have now been officially in- MacDiarmid writes that more than six- formed that there is no longer any obty-nine have gone out to teach in the jection to their giving religious lessons last three years. Most of these have or services to non-Moslem pupils, proschools with from twenty to forty chil- vided that the latter attend of their dren, and several of them are holding own free will, with the consent of their posts in far away villages among parents or guardians. strange tribes.-Watchman-Examiner. This general attitude on the part of Moravians in South Africa the Turks is indicative that the policy hitherto followed of mere toleration of MAY, 1929, marked the 100th anni- foreign schools will henceforth be versary of the founding of the abandoned, and that on the contrary Moravian Mission at Shiloh, East these institutions will in future receive South Africa. From a small beginning every encouragement from the authorihave come 12,500 baptized chprch mem- ties. There is even the question of bers, 13 principal stations, 45 out-sta- omitting the non-Moslem stipulation.- tions, and 150 preaching places, with Alliance Weekly. a staff of 26 European missionaries, 12 native ministers, and over 300 native Bible Revision in Turkey helpers, both men and women. When the last figures were taken there were T HE British and Foreign Bible So- 55 schools, with 4,285 scholars and 120 ciety in conjunction with the Amernative teachers, and also 85 scholars in ican Bible Society is placing the the seminary at Myenyane. Scriptures before the Turkish people in the new characters which were made If one is seeking evidence of the compulsory at the beginning of the leavening power of Christianity, it is New Year. Mr. James Russell, the interesting to compare a heathen wom- Bible Society's assistant-secretary at an with an average church member of Constantinople, states: "It was felt Shiloh. The first is clad in dirt-soaked that as the Turks prefer the Book of Proverbs to any other portion of the

:Bible, it would be advisable to begin pelled to give up their ancient cos- with its publication first, and that it tume. These changes are influencing would greatly assist its readers if it the attitude of the Persians toward were in the two forms of writing, the all things modern and foreign, includ- "new on one page and the old on the ing literature. Men who formerly opposite page. It was felt also that could not come in contact with the such an edition would assist the Presi- Christians at all, or read Christian dent in his great scheme of teaching books, now avail themselves of this every man, woman and child to read, new freedom which has been thrust and that consequently the government upon them and are ready to read and would look upon the work with a be- discuss new ideas without endanger- nevolent eye. There is another edition ing their standing in the community.

in the new characters only." The Bible The Shah is keen on education, and Society's agent reports that the sale many books from English and French is encouraging. The opportunity has are being translated so that the debeen taken to study the whole question mand is increasing, and the missionof revision, in regard to grammar as aries are endeavoring to meet it. well as alphabet, and a committee of experts in Turkish, Hebrew and Greek A recent convert from Islam, a has been formed for the purpose. As well educated young man from Yezd, many Persian and Arabic words as saw a catalogue of Evangelical books possible are to be eliminated and pure- and was delighted. He said, "I had no ly Turkish words substituted. idea that there was so much Christian literature! I must start studying at once."

An Uncontrovertible Gospel MR. BOERGER of the Lutheran INDIA Orient Mission tells of a man, whom he called a load carrier, who Evangelizing in Bands brought a little boy to his station. EvANGELISTIC campaigns by "Miss Gudhart washed the boy, and bands of Indian Christians, who we picked the maggots out of the sores arrange to set aside one week for this on his head. It was not a pleasant task, special effort, are becoming a striking for the stench was almost unbearable. feature of Christian enterprise in In- But we cleaned him up, fed him, and dia. Christians in and near Gorakhclothed him. Today he is well and pur, with the help of the missionaries, hearty and now for the first time in set apart a week in March for a gospel his life he is learning something of the campaign. Their aim was to visit as love of God in word and deed. He is many as possible of the towns and viltelling everyone of his new found lages within a forty-mile radius, each friends, of what they have done for on its special bazaar day. Sometimes him, and what they mean to him." they fouIJd unwillingness to buy the This is the kind of a Gospel that ad- gospels at a farthing each; often the mits of no contradiction. reply came: "Noone in my house can read" ; but during the week nearly Changes in Persia 5,000 copies were sold, and there were many opportunities of telling the Gos- APERSIAN correspondent writes pel story to those who had never heard. that this ancient land is changing Taljhari is the oldest C. M. S. stavery rapidly. Age long customs are tion among the Santals. Latterly many giving place to Western ideas and of the Christians have been growing modern civilization. The Shah in- slack and their low moral standard has sists that turbans and flowing robes been a source of anxiety. Last autumn shall give place to hats and European special services were held in Taljhari suits. Many venerable turbaned men and in some of the villages near by. As have wept like children when com- a result 130 Christians volunteered to

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

help in a week's evangelistic campaign. day, and when the invitation was Teachers went out with a magic lan- given thirteen adults arose. In evitern and took turns in speaking about dence of their sincerity they cut from the pictures illustrating our Lord's life their necks, arms and legs cotton to audiences numhering up to 200. string necklaces and anklets to the Other parties went out in the day time number of a thousand pieces. These visiting some thirty different villages. "magic" circlets, each having seven By the end of the week fifty people had knots tied in them, are supposed to given in their names, wishing for fur- avert typhoid and small pox. Closest ther teaching.-Church Missionary attention was paid to all the addresses. Outlook. -Baptist Missionary Review.

Matrons' Conference CHINA CONFERENCE for matrons, to Christian Missions Reviewed A discuss boarding school problems, N THE Atlantic Monthly for May, 1929, Prof. K. S. Latourette ap- I was arranged by the Women's Association for Christian Education of Mad- praises the work of Christian missions ras. Twenty-seven delegates – ma- in China. trons, nurses, and some teachers met, The Roman Catholics have been in from February 19th to 21st, in Chit- China since the 16th century and the toor. Group discussions led to the fol- missionaries number today about lowing conclusions: thirty-one hundred, the majority com- (1) All matters of discipline should be ing from Latin Europe. It is estimated kept out of school prayer services. that there are about two and a quarter (2) A place should be set apart exclusively.for purposes of meditation and million members of their communion worship—both private and corporate. in the Chinese Republic or three times the number of 25 years ago. (3) Children should be allowed to select hymns they like, to talk on topics, Protestant missions have only been or offer prayers, prepared beforehand, in China for a century, the Protestant and to compile a hymn book of their own. community today numbering about half a million, and the number of mis- (4) Responsive prayers, and readings with response, may be prepared to suit the needs and the experiences of the chil- sionaries being in the neighborhood of dren. 4,000. While there are one hundred and sixty different Protestant societies (5) The form of service may be varied at work in China, over half the misby changing the order and by introducing silent prayer. (6) Open-air meetings may occasionally be arranged. sionary force is under twelve societies and most of them are engaged in co- (7) Indian musical instruments may operative enterprises which bring be used to help the children keep time in them into close association. In a simsinging.

Psychology and discipline, hygiene, ilar manner the Roman Catholic miswise use of leisure time and the spir- sionaries represent over 40 different itual side of a matron's work were sub- orders but cooperate in matters of genjects discussed at length.-National eral policy. Christian Council Review. In closing Prof. Latourette says: "Christian missions with all their mis- The Truth Advances in Burma takes and shortcomings, have been and are of inestimable service to China.

AN ENCOURAGING field is that in No one knows what the future of .t:. the Pegu Yomas, west of Toun- China is to be, whether the nation is to goo in Burma. The inhabitants are disintegrate or whether it is to pro- largely animist in belief. A group duce a new and richer culture. If a from the Bwe Baptist School con- newer and finer China emerges, as ducted meetings in a large animist some of us have faith to anticipate, it village during their Christmas holi- will be in part because in the days of

its transition there were unselfishly Inland Mission, reported that Moham- labouring in it thousands of foreigners medan raiders annihilated the male in- who sought to bring it in touch with habitants of the city and looted the the best that the Occident had to give." homes. Only a few women were killed, mostly those who attempted to shield Higher Education in China the men.

T HERE are 16 higher Christian Religious fanaticism was given as schools in China that confer aca- the motive for the raid and there has demic degrees. They are attended by been a Moslem rebellion in Kansu 12,000 students of whom 670/0 are Province for some time. Christian. The alumni number 4,000 and of these 57% are Christian, who The raid on Tankar (Dangar), ochold positions in church and school.- curred during the winter and was de- Allg. Miss. Nachr. scribed as the most gruesome in the long history of Moslem outbreaks in One Language for China China.

A SPECIAL correspondent to the The Moslems made a butchery of New Yark Times from Shanghai the male inhabitants because "it was writes that the Ministry of Education the will of Allah that if a Moslem kills in the National Government of China ten Chinese he will surely go to parahas announced a program to popularize dise." the use of Mandarin as the official, and, eventually, the only language in all Chinghai Province was created last China. The presence of numerous dia- year out of the northwestern part of lects in various parts of the country Kansu and is one of the famine areas. has long been one of the chief barriers Dangar is east of the Tibetan border to unity. between Siningfu and Lake Koko-nor. The town was filled with starving ref- At present, whenever a man of prom- ugees who had assembled there in the inence makes an address, he prefers to hope of gaining relief. speak in mandarin, otherwise his audience might think him uneducated and An American Mission Seized unworthy of his high office. ON JULY 16th, says an Associated Difficult as the problem is, the Min- Press dispatch from Amoy, the istry of Education feels that a start American missionaries were informed must be made, hence the National Lan- that Communist troops had occupied guage Unification Committee has been the main buildings of Talmage College appointed. The written language is (belonging to the Reformed Church universally the same throughout Mission) and the mission residence at China, that is, the characters are the Chanchow, fifty miles southwest of same, although there may be some Amoy. The American Consul filed a shades of meaning in various sections protest with the Fukien Commissioner of the country that differ from others. of Foreign Affairs at Amoy.

Mohammedan Uprising Anti-missionary activities in South Fukien have been increasing and there AN ASSOCIATED PRESS dispatch is fear that the property of other misft from Peiping, dated July 29th, re- sions in that area may receive similar treatment. ports that the Mohammedans massacred 20,000 men and boys in the city Chekiang-Shanghai Convention of Tankar (Dangar-ting) in the Province of Kansu-Chinghai. Mr. Findley DURING the annual Baptist Con- Andrews, an American missionary, vention of Chekiang-Shanghai, who has just returned from a three held at Kinhwa, five things stood out months' investigation in the famine as significant: the complete and effecareas of Northern China for the China tive responsibility on the part of the Chinese organization for the whole

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

work of the convention; the important home and carried him and a neighbor part assumed by the women workers; about 200 miles to the south.

the self-sacrifice and consecration evi- One night, as Mr. Dju was sitting dent; the earnestness with which the in the hut he pulled out a little pocket problem of religion in the schools was Testament and as he was reading one considered and perhaps most signifi- of the robbers saw it and asked: cant of all, the meeting of the native "What is that you are reading?" He missionary society. The work has ex- answered that it was the New Testa- panded, the budget has been met and ment. "Are you a Christian?" "N0, the workers are full of enthusiasm, but I am learning the doctrine." "You quickened by their success in meeting are false and trying to deceive us,"

opportunities. said the robber. "I might be false,"

Interest also centered on Kinhwa, said Mr. Dju, "but the Book is not." the place of meeting, because this sta- "Preach to us then," said the robber. tion has suffered severely, and endured "I cannot preach." "Read to us then so calmly and patiently during the past that we might hear what it says. The two years of political disturbance. Spirit of the Lord must have helped Christians were mobbed, residences the man to find the place, for he began used as stables, schools confiscated, one to read: at a later date was partly burned, the Come now, ye rich, weep and howl for church edific,e was desecrated and se- the miseries that are coming upon you. verely damaged, and only the fact that Your riches are corrupted, and your garthe doctor was needed for his profes- ments are moth-eaten. Your gold and sional skill saved him from a firing your silver are rusted; and their rust shall be for a testimony against you, and squad when he boldly admitted that he shall eat your flesh as fire. Ye have laid up your treasures in the last days. Bewas a Christian.-Watchman-Examin- hold, the hire of the laborers who mowed er. your fields, which is of you kept back by fraud, crieth out: and the cries of them Saving American Sailors that reaped have entered into the ears of MISSIONARIES in China are seek- the Lord of Sabaoth. Ye have lived deli- cately on the earth, and taken your pleasing to reclaim American sailors ure; ye have nourished your hearts in who face overwhelming temptation in the days of slaughter. Ye have conforeign ports. Many come from the demned, ye have killed the righteous one; best of homes, but sinful forces drag he doth not resist you. (J as. 5: 1-6.) them down. A missionary in Chefoo He had not read very far before the writes of opening his home to these robbers began to weep. They were boys, some of whom have been remark- overcome by the power of the Word.

ably converted. Some have given them- From then on he received better treat- selves to Christian service, and others ment at their hands, and after a short plan to leave the navy and continue time he was released. He said, "God their education. A Gospel Hall for let me be carried off by robbers in sailors is maintained for these boys.- order to awaken me and bring His S. S. Times. Word to them."-Lutheran News Bul- letin.

Making Robbers Weep MISCELLANEOUS THIRTY miles southwest of Yen- "Intelligence Test" for Missionaries shih, Honan, is a small village which had never heard of Christ a few ARECENT study of 159 missionyears ago. Being a mountainous dis- aries in North China representtrict, robbers find it a good hiding ing five denominations has revealed place and the people suffer many hard- the following interesting facts regardships. A resident of the village, Mr. ing the intellectual standards of thtl Dju, became interested in the Gospel missionary body. The assertion has about a year ago. Robbers entered his frequently been made that the mis-

sionaries are not well educated, either justments, the Council is deeply con- in their own learning or in that of the vinced that, for a long time to come country in which they work. How- the help of missionaries will be re- ever, the results of the investigation, quired in one part of China or another, as read by Mr. Dwight W. Edwards, of for practically every type of work ….

the Peking Young Men's Christian "If the opportunity were but real- Association, before the Peking Mis- ized by students and other young peo- sionary Association, reveal that 127 ple in the older churches, there would of the 174 missionaries are college surely be a large offering of the finest graduates with B.A. degrees, 39 are men and women to come in as fellow members of honorary societies such workers of Chinese Christians in the as Phi Beta Kappa, and 57 have M.A. common service of the Church in this degrees. Furthermore, this group has land. It is our prayer that, in this spent 226 years in graduate study in new day for China, the opportunity home universities, or an average of may be seen and taken by many in the 1.2 years apiece. Only 17 of the total spirit of Christ, who said, 'I am among 174 do not hold degrees of some sort, you as one that serveth.' "

and of these twelve are wives. Two K. T. Paul, president of the Allare business secretaries, one is a India Christian Conference of India, nurse, and one has a distinguished reported for his country at Jerusalem: record as, a student of and a writer "India does want missionaries, as many as you can send. . .. It is the New Missionaries Needed missionary, the human being who lives and loves in the ordinary every- OVER a thousand definite calls for day life of Christ, that is always wel- new missionaries are listed by come. We want missionaries, Christthe Student Volunteer Movement from like missionaries, who will come and the many sending agencies. Over live among us and identify themselves seven hundred and fifty represent with us, who will share with us all definite and immediate opportunities our joys and sorrows in the spirit of for Christian service abroad finan- Christ." cially provided for in 1929. "The Japanese are anxious to co- These are minimum calls. Some boards were unable as yet to report operate with missionaries," wrote exact figures, and others are confident Bishop Kogoro Uzaki, of the Japan that increased missionary giving will Methodist Church, and chairman of the National Christian Council. continue throughout the year, and But in the face of persistent calls make some of the provisional calls for more missionaries from the actual. Nearly one thousand new mis- younger churches abroad, the sending sionaries are expected to sail in 1929, agencies are unable to find sufficient if well qualified candidates are avail- candidates qualified to meet the deable. mand. New student volunteers en- The National Christian Council of rolling in 1928 were but ten per cent China, composed chiefly of Chinese of those of 1920. There is a similar members, at its sixth annual meeting or greater decrease in the number of last October, "faced with deep concern non-student volunteer candidates. Be- the serious situations caused by the cause of this the boards are often uncertainty in many minds as to the unable to pick missionaries of superior need and place for missionaries in the quality.

Christian movement in China." This In view of urgent needs abroad, and Council reported: "In spite of the fact waiting opportunities, will the youth that, in some cases, missionaries have of the churches respond ?-The Chris- withdrawn owing to necessary read- tian Advocate.

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us

receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Japan Mission Year Book. Edited by tricts are still largely unoccupied by Paul S. Mayer. 12 mo. 506 pp. Kyo either Japanese or foreign Christian Bun Kwan, Ginza, Tokyo. 1928. workers. This means that twenty-six million farmers, one and a half million A remarkable library on Christian fishermen and four and a half million work in Japan has been compiled in laborers are practically unreached the twenty-six volumes of which this with the Christian message. The secis the latest. Each chapter tells the tion on Formosa repays a careful story of some phase of progress or de- reading. The statistics for Japan show scribes present conditions in Japan fifty-six Protestant societies at work and Formosa. Korea is unfortunately with 1,211 foreign missionaries, 4,978 omitted in this volume. Japanese Christian workers, and 188,- 566 baptized Protestant Christians. Not only Christian work but the Other figures relate to educational, political situation and foreign rela- medical and philanthropic work. tions, industrial and economic conditions, religion and education are The policy recommended for the coincluded in the survey. The sections operation of the Japanese Church and on Japan's relations with Russia and foreign missionaries for occupying America, and the internal conditions new fields include the following: in Japan are illuminating. Mr. Okuyama shows why Japan is com- 1. A union theological institution. mitted to a program of peace. Pres- 2. Agreement to avoid overlapping. ent-day Shintoism is revealed as a 3. Better equipment for educational religion of many different sects, wor- institutions. shiping various tutelary deities and 4. More kindergartens. celebrating numerous festivals. It is 5. Trained leadership for social welinteresting to note that the Christian fare work. churches and missions have nearly 6. Interchange of Christian workers 200,000 children under instruction. with other nations. The importance of Sunday-school 7. Discouragement to the introduction teaching is increasingly recognized. of new Christian sects. Work for neglected classes and in the city slums is described in separate The Anatomy of African Misery. Lord Olivier. 12 mo. 234 pp. 68. London. 1927.

chapters and the work and influence Africa was "dark" before the white of the National Christian Council is man entered but many woes have been favorably reported. An important added by traders, adventurers and and suggestive section deals with "The politicians. Lord Olivier has sym- Christian Life and Message in Rela- pathy for the miseries of the African tion to the Non-Christian Faiths." that are due to white exploitation and This points out the cardinal teachings domination. He analyses the causes of Christianity and its superiority to of dissatisfaction and suggests remother religions. In the chapter on un- edies. Slavery has been abolished but occupied fields, we are told that 428 enforced servitude continues. Tribal towns with populations of over 5,000 laws and customs have been made of have no Christian work and rural dis- no effect in districts under white con- 733

trol, but better ways of life have not birth here. He shows the encouraging supplanted the old standards of moral- progress in cooperation, and some of ity and the old methods of education. the results of church union of various Communal tenure of land has been types. He is in favor of the affiliated displaced and the black man is not per- type of community church in rural mitted to settle where he will or to districts but advocates cooperation live according to his ancient custom. rather than union among larger de- Employment in mining and other in- nominations. The bibliography and dustrial centers and in white settle- addenda give much useful information.

ments lower the moral standards and the black man is powerless to combat The Kingdom Without Frontiers. Hugh the evils. Kept down by racial dis- Martin. 96 pp. $1. New York. 1928.

crimination and without the right to "The Bible is a missionary book, not vote, he is under white domination because it contains isolated texts with and laudable ambition to progress is a missionary flavor, but because the discouraged. Lord Olivier believes in main line of argument that binds to- giving the black man a chance to de- gether all its volumes is the exposition, velop in body, mind and spirit-with the unfolding, and the gradual execu- adequate land, freedom to choose his tion of a missionary purpose." This occupation, educational opportunities, sentence from the introduction gives self-government and encouragement the reader a true idea of the contents.

from his white brothers in self-respect The author finds the first message in and industry. the prophets and points out its de- The "Five Fears of South Africa" velopment in the New Testament. The are enumerated as (1) fear of increas- chapter on "The World Outlook of ing competition of natives with Euro- Jesus" is especially helpful and the dis- peans on the wage labor market; (2) cussion of "The Gospel of the Holy fear of increasing native resentment Spirit" clearly reveals the missionary because of white arrogance and dis- impulse among the early Christians.

criminations; (3) fear that white civilization may be infected and the The Humauity of God. John Wright morale of European stock deteriorate; Buckham, D.D. 247 pp. $2.50. New (4) fear of increasing miscegenation; York. 1928. (5) fear of native domination through political franchise. Here is a philosophical discussion of problems arising in the realm of Lord Olivier believes that if the theology, based on the theory of the African is treated fairly and educated universal Fatherhood of God and properly he will be an asset rather theistic evolution. It will not prove than a liability in South Africa. satisfying to those who believe in the "Fatherhood of God" as applying only Protestantism in the United States. Archer to those who have been spiritually B. Bass. 8vo. 364 pp. $3. New "born again." The thesis as stated by York. 1929. the author is: "To maintain that the Dr. Bass was educated as a soldier symbolic conception of God as Father, and a Christian minister and therefore offers an interpretation of religious is a firm believer in closer fellowship experience and a theory concerning and cooperation among Christians the ultimate meaning of man and the rather than in "close communion," al- cosmos, which is not only tenable but though he is a Baptist. His book is is more rational as well as more pro- an informing study of the rise and ductive of human well being than any growth of sectarianism in the Prot- other." There is a wide range of ap- estant Church, its benefits and its plication to this thesis covering the evils. Forty-two Protestant denomina- whole field of human experience.

tions have been imported into Amer- There is a wealth of quotation and ica and 113 new sects have had their allusion to the world's great literature.

BOOKS WORTH READING

The title, "The Humanity of God," is then crossed the span of countries as a misnomer and suggests the possi- far as Europe, where it burned with bilities of false teaching that for- an unsteady gleam for half a century tunately does not develop in the book. and then returned to its native country It is a scholarly and reverent discus- where it continued to burn more modsion of the Fatherhood of God, studied estly as one light beside other and from every possible angle. The love brighter ones. of God is brought into the realm of our spiritual appreciation. The book is a presentation of the role Confucianism played in Europe M. T. SHELFORD. under the influence of the Jesuits and it is written in the beautiful style of Important to Me. By Margaret Slattery. the director of the Ostasien Mission. 12 mo. 93 pp. $1. Boston. 1929. C. THEODORE BENZE. Miss Slattery is never dull; she is always helpful, especially to young Liberia-Old and New. James L. Sibley women. In this little booklet she and D. Westermann. 317 pp. $1.50. draws from her wide experience and Garden City, N. Y. 1928. Christian convictions many useful letters on the care of the body, the edu- A half-forgotten chapter in our hiscation of the mind, the development of tory recalls the fact that the Christian character; the place of religion, the conscience of America was in revolt Bible and the Church, and the in- against human slavery long before the fluence of companions. Throughout Civil War. The beginnings of the she exalts Christ as the great Teacher founding of Liberia in 1820 and onand Helper. Warnings and inspira- ward present a combination of Christion gathered from the lives of young tian idealism as expressed through men and young women are gripping the American Colonization Society, and challenging. The author is widely the striving for liberty on the part of known and loved for what she is and American-born Negroes repatriated for the help she has given to young upon the continent of Africa and a women in solving the life problems, genuine effect upon the part of Amernot by preaching but by inspiring to ican government leaders to atone in higher things. some measure for the terrible crime of past centuries in the introduction Konfuzius in Aller Welt. Theodor De- of African slaves into America. varanne. Hinrichsche Buchhandlung. 5 marks. Leipsig, Germany. Dr. Westermann has contributed five important chapters on the social The sub-title: "A Tragic Chapter and religious life of the inland peoin the History of the Human Soul," ples native to Liberia and Mr. Sibley is explained in the preface as follows: gives a fascinating story of present "It is the tragedy of a fading star conditions in the colony, outlining the which we see before us here. Just work of the Christian missions and as catastrophes take place in space, adding a complete educational proso there lies a catastrophe in the gram which is the outgrowth of his spiritual history of mankind before investigations made in behalf of the us. Eastern Asia turns more to the American Advisory Committee on West now, than to its own past. East- Education. ern Asia becomes more and more aware of the Occident rather of its For a hundred years Liberians own ideals. Eastern Asia is beginning have reproduced the American reto feel that both Occident and Orient publican form of government and belong to God." Christian institutions upon the con- tinent of Africa with a relative de- In the spirit of these words the book gree of success. In the days to come tells the story of a light that sent its Liberia will possess increasing sigrays eastward to Japan across the sea, nificance in respect to the Christian development of the great continent.

American Christians, in the study of thinker, he is conscientious and he African missions, ought to have a bases his objections on Biblical knowledge of the facts given in this grounds. These objections include the book. P. H. J. LERRIGO. claims of the chairman for the au- thority of the Conference, the state- The Outlined Romans. Robert Lee. 104 ment of the aim of missions, the view pp. 3s. London. 1928. of educational work in missions, the advocacy of the church's cooperation These scriptural studies represent with "World Forces," and the policies with reference to native churches and two and a half years of blackboard the training of native leaders. Mr. Allen's missionary policy is evannotes and outlines on the epistle, given gelistic and there is much to be said for his views as to following more at the Mildmay Conference Hall, Lon- fully the apostolic missionary meth- ods. don. Blackboard outlines are like Where Polar Ice Begins. By S. H. Gapp. skeletons-it is hard to create a living Paper 50c. Bethlehem. 1928.

person out of them.

Each page is a subject by itself, and contains a brief outline of a few verses studied; buttressed by chapter and verse. JAMES F. RIGGs.

Forty Names of Satan. By T. C. Horton. The story of Moravian Missions in Pamphlet. 25 pp. 25c. Long Beach, Alaska is a record of pioneering in California. 1928. the Kuskokwim District where the Moravians have thirty-one out-sta- -This is not a cheerful or very in- tions. This booklet contains useful spiring study, but it reveals the va- general information on the territory, riety and activity of the satanic char- its history, people, government and acter. Many names are duplicated in resources, as well as many interesting their significance-as Apollyon and facts about the Eskimos, their char- Abaddon. The most important part of acteristics, habits, religion and work the pamphlet relates to the personality among them. and influence of Satan, giving reason for thanksgiving that he is not victor.

The Changing Family. By George Walter Jerusalem: A Critical Review of "The Fiske, 318 pp. $2.25. Harper Brothers. New York. 1928. World Mission of Christianity." By Roland Allen. Pamphlet. 35 cents. The sub-title to this very informing London. 1928. book is "Social and Religious Aspects Intelligent, conscientious critics, of the Modern Family." Dr. Fiske, like the opposition party in politics, who is a professor in the graduate are useful assets. They are not al- school of Theology at Oberlin, is well- ways agreeable company but they known through his writings which make us watch our step and examine have made his name one to be reckoned our policies and program more care- with in circles of Religious Education.

fully. Mr. Allen is essentially a critic The author champions the idea that of the present policies in missionary the spiritual alone can save the fam- enterprises and he writes cautiously ily. His contention is that the birth but fearlessly. He here reviews the of altruism founded the home. Noth- reports of the Jerusalem Conference ing can seriously threaten it but selfish and frankly finds many faults in the individualism. This would mean a papers presented. The chief criticism reversion to type, a leap back to the of his criticism is that he has searched jungle. It is exactly this danger that so diligently for the faults that he has the ultra-modern family is facing.

not seen any of the virtues. Neverthe- Individualism has run amuck. It is less, it is advisable for the Interna- disintegrating when not under control tional Missionary Council and other of noble spiritual principles.

missionary officials to study Mr. In the past family stability rested Allen's objections. He is a clear on male autocracy. The cost of this

was female servitude. Today minds were heightened beyond

woman has won complete emancipation common measure. Thus their words and is recognized as the equal of man. convey a personal experience with We must therefore seek a new stabil- reality. He thinks this is the only izer and the greatest possible stabil- authority that Biblical authors need izer of the family is vital Christianity. to claim. Here we face the problem which this volume presents. Like much else that With Goethe, Professor Dodd affirms has gone out of the home of today, we that the Bible will grow more beautifind religion missing. Too many mod- ful the more we understand it. The ern homes are on skids. They have chapter on The Content of Old Testano more roots than an airplane. ment Prophecy is an excellent pres- entation of the theory of develop- The chapter on How Religion Stabil- ment. Here we trace the rise of the izes the Home contains the kernel of religious ideal, from the modern point the author's argument. One out of of view, from the most primitive every seven American homes is ulti- forms to the New Testament era. mately broken by divorce, but prob- Higher criticism is declared to be, not ably ninety-eight per cent of really a series of elaborate guesses, hut cer- Christian homes are never broken in tain conclusions scientifically reached. this way at all, because religion is the best possible insurance against it. J. F. RIGGS.

In suggesting the constructive rem- NEW BOOKS edy for the situation, the author happily avoids the noticeably weak The Great Tribulation and the Second Comsolutions of many books on home life ing of Christ. W. E. Biederwolf. 32 pp. today and strongly stresses the char- 20c. Hamilton Bros. Boston. 1929. acter values of a spiritual religion. Dr. Fiske makes really usable sugges- Hospital Sketche~. Edited by H. G. G. tions and quotes resolutions on the Herklots. 81 pp. 18. London. 1929. subject which are worthy of the careful consideration by all parents. The Charles Inwood: His Ministry and Its book is well balanced and is admirably Secret. Archibald M. Hay. Illus. 226 adapted to the needs of church work- pp. 68. Marshall Bros. London. 1929. ers and leaders in religious education. Love's Danger Signal- The Doctrine of J. F. RIGGS. Future Retribution. John G. Reid. 52 pp. Bible Institute Colportage Assn. The Authority of the Bible. By C. H. Chicago. 1929. ' Dodd, M.A. 310 pp. $3.00. Harper Bros. New York. 1929. Alexander Marshall. John Hawthorn. 159 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. The successor to Dr. James Moffatt London. 1929. of Mansfield College, Oxford, is the author of this interesting volume Pictures That Talk. Series I and II. E. which is a clear presentation of the J. Page. 10c each. Bible Institute argument. Although frankly "mod- Colportage Assn. Chicago. 1929. ern," it is reverent in its approach to the question of authority. The meth- Trends in Protestant Giving. Charles H. od is based on history and experience. Fahs. 67 pp. Institute of Social and Professor Dodd considers the religious Religious Research. New York. 1929. genius of the men who wrote the bogks in our Canon as a psychological proc- Triennial Report of the Board of Foreign ess of revelation. His emphasis is on Missions of the United Presbyterian the life lying behind the word, rather Churoh. 1925-6-7. 245 pp. Philadel- than in the word itself. He conceives phia. 1929. of inspiration as not verbal but personal-a direct imaginative experience The Smiling Faces. Annual Report of the of truth believed to come from God. Mission to Lepers-1928. 48 pp. 6d. It parallels dream psychology and Mission to Lepers. London. 1929. comes under the category of intuitive knowledge. The prophets' hearts and Annual Report of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America-1929. 128 pp. New York. 1929.

(lOMING EVENTS October 30-31. School of Missions- Baltimore, Maryland.

November 10-12. International Good- will-Nashville, Tennessee.

November 10-17. Week of Prayer of the World's Alliance of Y. M. C. A.

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Do You Believe It? Do You Know Why? READ "WHY BELIEVE IT?"

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Author of the "Life of Arthur T. Pierson," "For Each New Day," "Pacific Islanders," etc.

It is rich in facts, readable, stimulating, convincing; a study of faith and conduct, in the light of the Bible, reason, science and experience.

Includes chapters on BELIEF PRACTICE Tests for Truth The Christian Life The Riddle of ~he Universe Why Work? Can We Know God? The Value of Money The Credentials of Christ Shall We Play? The Reality of the Spirit Marriage and Divorce Concerning the Trinity Effective Prayer What Is the Bible? Life and Its Meaning Creeds and Their Consequences Death and Its Sequel Multitudes of practical questions are asked and answered.

The book is interestingly written and into it is crowded a vast amount of instruction in things that matter most. To possess, within the compass of the volume, a clear and comprehensive portrayal of what is essential Christianity, is a priceless enrichment.

Do:' O. SHELTO:', LL.D., PrcsidCllt of the Nat;ollal Bible Illstitllte.

New York City. I These chapters are concise, Judd, convincing, sane. . . . Every conclusion is hased on the clear teaching of Scripture and is supported by the testimony of science and philosophy and Christian experience. THE RE'·. CHARl.ES R. ERDMA'-', D.D.; L.L.D., Princeton, K. J.

Send for a ('opy to-day. It will prove valuable in its suggestions for sermon preparation, Bible class work or to answer personal problems, espe- cially of modern youth.

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